a-

From Sanskrit अ- (a-, “un-, not”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
* Reinforced as borrowing from Dutch a-, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (form ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Hellenic *ə-, from the same Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


non-

From English non-, from Middle English non- (“not, lack of, failure to”), from Middle English non (“no, not any; not, not at all”, literally “none”), from Old English nān (“no, not any”), see none. Merged with and reinforced by Middle English non- (“not”), from Old French non- and Medieval Latin nōn (“not”), from Old Latin noinu, noinom, from ne oinom (“not one”).

der

non-: Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.


femto-

From English femto-, from Danish femten (“fifteen”), and the previous name of the femtometre, the fermi.

femto-: in the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−15. Symbol: f


in-

From Dutch in-, from French in-, from Latin in- (“un-, not”).

in-: used with certain words to reverse their meaning


auto-

From Dutch auto-, from Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”).


tri-

From Malay tri-, from tri, from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


mega-

From Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “great, large, mighty”).


anti-

Borrowed from Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

the opposite of what is typically expected

physically opposite, reverse in position or direction

(particle physics) composed of antimatter

(immunology) reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal


bio-

From Ancient Greek βιο- (bio-), combining form and stem of βίος (bíos, “life”).


hepta-

From Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”). Doublet of sapta-.


homo-

From Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”).


neo-

From Ancient Greek νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group

(organic chemistry) being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound


geo-

From Dutch geo-, from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-), combining form of γῆ (gê, “earth”).


aero-

From Ancient Greek ἀέρος (aéros), the genitive singular of ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).


di-

From Malay di-, from Classical Malay di-, from Late Old Malay di-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

inh

dimakan

used to form passive voice or "patient focus" (in some analyses) on a verb


deka-

From Dutch deca-, from French déca-, from Late Latin decas (“(set of) ten”), from Ancient Greek δέκας (dékas), from δέκα (déka, “ten”). Doublet of dasa-.


dia-

From Ancient Greek δια- (dia-), from διά (diá, “through, across, by, over”).


dis-

From Dutch dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.


epi-

From Dutch epi-, from Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on top of”).


endo-

From Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “inner; internal”).


inter-

From Dutch inter-, from Latin inter-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Doublet of antar-.


eks-

From Dutch ex-, from French ex-, from Latin ex-, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs.


pra-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese pra-, from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.

lbor

prasekolah

prasejarah

prakata

pre-, before; earlier in time; beforehand


iso-

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).


trans-

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch trans-, from Latin trāns (“across, on the far side, beyond”).


para-

Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).


meso-

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “middle”).


eka-

From Malay eka-, from Sanskrit एक (eka).


per-

head

pêr (non-active/imperative/basic per-, active memper-, passive diper-)

pêr (canonical)
memper- (active)
diper- (passive)

Inherited from Malay per-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-.
* comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).

ncog

per- + buat (“to do [something]”) → perbuat (“do [something]”)

causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of a transitive verb

per- + besar (“big”) → perbesar (“make bigger something big”)

causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective

per- + istri (“wife”) → peristri (“take as wife, marry”)

imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]

per- + ajar (“to teach”) → pelajar (“learner”)

per- + kerja (“to work”) → pekerja (“worker”)

nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber-

per- + dua (“two”) → perdua


apo-

From Dutch apo-, from Ancient Greek ἀπό- (apó-), the preposition of ἀπό (apó, “from, away from”), from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”).


ana-

From English ana-, from Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-), from ἀνά (aná, “on, up, above, throughout”).

e.g. anatomi

e.g. analogi


peri-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri.


mikro-

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).


dwi-

From Malay dwi-, from dwi, from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi), from द्व (dvá), from Proto-Indo-European *dwó, *dwóh₁.


ter-

From Malay ter-, from Classical Malay ter-, from Proto-Malayic *tAr-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-, from Proto-Austronesian *taʀ-.

ter- + tidur (“sleep”) → tertidur (“(accidentally) slept”)

incidental aspect of the passive ambitransitive (intransitive-transitive) verb

ter- + jatuh (“fall”) → terjatuh (“(suddenly) fall”)

momentaneous aspect of the passive intransitive verb

ter- + letak (“to place”) → terletak (“have been placed”)

ter- + sangka (“to suspect”) → tersangka (“to be suspected”)

ter- + sangka (“to suspect”) → tersangka (“suspect”)

(law, in extension) noun derivative from perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb

ter- + beli (“to buy”) → terbeli (“to be able to buy”)

potential mood of the passive transitive verb: to be able [base]


ter-

base (adjective)
base (adverb)
te- (alternative)

ter- + besar (“big”) → terbesar (“biggest”)

ter- + panjang (“long”) → terpanjang (“longest”)

used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.


mili-

From Dutch milli-, from French milli-, from Latin mille (“thousand”).


ekstra-

èkstra- (canonical)
ekstra (alternative)

From Latin extra (“outside, except, beyond”, adverb and preposition).


se-

Inherited from Malay se-, from Classical Malay se-, from Proto-Malayic *sA-, proclitic variant of *əsa(ʔ) (“one”).

selembar

seperempat

se- + tinggi (“height”) → setinggi (“as tall as”)

adjectival equative: same, sharing [base], having the same [base]

se- + dunia (“world”) → sedunia (“whole world”)

se- + datang (“arrive”) → sedatang (“to do something immediately after arrival”)

se- + tiba (“arrive”) → setiba (“to do something immediately after arrival”)

se- + sampai (“arrive”) → sesampai (“to do something immediately after arrival”)

se- + pulang (“to go home”) → sepulang (“to do something immediately after returning”)

se- + kembali (“return”) → sekembali (“to do something immediately after returning”)

se- + tamat (“finish”) → setamat (“to do something immediately after finishing”)

(nonproductive) intransitive verbal prefix

se- + tahu (“to know”) → setahu (“as much as [subject] know”)

se- + ingat (“to remember”) → seingat (“as much as [subject] remember”)

se- + mau (“to want”) → semau (“as much as [subject] want”)


ku-

Inherited from Malay ku-, from Proto-Malayic *ku-, nominative proclitic variant of *aku.

Tanahku negeriku yang kucinta.

I (first person singular nominative proclitic pronoun)

This table only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language

The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms

while the proclitic is only used as a subject


ke-

From Malay ke-, from Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika- (“prefix for ordinal numerals”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sika- (“prefix for ordinal numbers”).

inh

bulan kelima

kedua buku


ke-

From Malay ke-, from Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.
According to Poedjosoedarmo (1982), the productivity of ke- is influenced by the cognate Javanese ꦏ- (ka-).

(noun, no longer productive) having characteristics of

(verb, usually informal) to have condition or accident of

(verb, no longer productive) to be able of


alo-

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.


oto-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὠτ- (ōt-), the stem of οὖς (oûs, “ear”).


oto-

From Dutch auto-, from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-).


intro-

From Latin intro- (“inwards”), from intro (“inward, inwards”), q.v.


hidro-

From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).


kata-

From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).


hiper-

From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”), from *upo (“under, below”). Doublet of super.


makro-

From Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”). Doublet of makro.


ekso-

From Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō, “outer; external”).


peng-

pem- (alternative)
pen- (alternative)
pen- (alternative)
peny- (alternative)
pe- (alternative)
penge- (alternative)

Inherited from Malay peng-, from Proto-Malayic *pAŋ-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋ-, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋ-.

peng- + tulis → penulis (“writer”)

actor, instrument, or someone characterized by the root

peng- + diam (“silent”) → pendiam (“quiet (of person)”)


ber-

base (verb)
base (noun)
base (adjective)
base (numeral)
be- (alternative)
bel- (alternative)

Inherited from Malay ber-, from Classical Malay ber-, from Old Malay bar-, denasalised from earlier Old Malay mar- (compare Old Malay ni- → di-), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-, from Proto-Austronesian *maʀ-. Cognate with Tagalog mag-, Cebuano mag-, Simalungun Batak mar-, Toba Batak mar-.

ber- + pikir (“to think”) → berpikir (“thinking”)

ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)

(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs

ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)

(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs

ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)

(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self

ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)

ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)

ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)

ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)

ber- + sepatu (“shoes”) → bersepatu (“to wear shoes”)

to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]

ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)

ber- + tinju (“boxing, hit”) → bertinju (“to hit each other”)

ber- + teman (“friend”) → berteman (“to be friends with each other”)

(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation

ber- + jam (“hour”) → berjam-jam (“hours”)

ber- + meter (“metre”) → bermeter-meter (“metres”)

ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)

ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)

(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“in group of three”)

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga-tiga (“three at a time, three by three”)

(acting) in a number of groups of [base] at a time


kau-

From Malay kau-, from kau, shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


meng-

Inherited from Malay meng-, from Proto-Malayic *mAN-, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *maN-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-.

meng- + atur → mengatur (“to arrange; arranges; arranging”)

meng- + baca (“to read”) → membaca (“to read; reads; reading”)

meng- + cabut → mencabut (“to remove; removes; removing”)

meng- + derma (“donation”) → menderma (“to donate; donates; donating”)

meng- + elak → mengelak (“to avoid; avoids; avoiding”)

meng- + paham → memahami (“to understand; understands; understanding”)

meng- + fitnah → memfitnah (“to lie; lies; lying (about someone)”)

meng- + gali → menggali (“to dig; digs; digging”)

meng- + hantar → menghantar (“to deliver; delivers; delivering”)

meng- + ikat (“tie”) → mengikat (“to tie; ties; tying”)

meng- + jolok → menjolok (“to poke; pokes; poking”)

meng- + kira → mengira (“to count; counts; counting”)

meng- + lamar → melamar (“to propose; proposes; proposing”)

meng- + makan (“to eat”) → memakan (“to eat; eats; eating”)

meng- + nyanyi → menyanyi (“to sing; sings; singing”)

meng- + olah → mengolah (“to edit; edits; editing”)

meng- + pukul → memukul (“to hit; hits; hitting”)

meng- + rawat → merawat (“to treat; treats; treating”)

meng- + sapu → menyapu (“to sweep; sweep; sweeping”)

meng- + tambah → menambah (“to add; adds; adding”)

meng- + urus → mengurus (“to manage; manages; managing”)

meng- + bom (“bomb”) → mengebom (“to bomb; bombs; bombing”)

defining relative
defining relative clause#English

transitive verbal prefix for active subject or agent focus, specifically it indicates that there is an agent doing the action of the transitive verb; not used when the sentence is direct imperative, or when the clause is defining relative with the patient in the front of the sentence

meng- + batu (“stone”) → membatu (“to become a stone”)

intransitive verbal prefix of a nominal root

meng- + supir (“driver”) → menyupir (“to become a supir (“driver”), to drive”)

to function as the root, or to become similar as the root

meng- + rokok (“cigarette”) → merokok (“to consume a cigarette, to smoke”)

meng- + laut (“sea”) → melaut (“to go toward sea, to sail”)

meng- + damar (“resin”) → mendamar (“to gather the resin”)

meng- + rotan (“rattan”) → merotan

meng- + rumput (“grass”) → merumput

intransitive verbal prefix of an adjectival root

meng- + satu (“one”) → menyatu (“to become one”)

meng- + dua (“two”) → mendua

(unproductive) intransitive verbal prefix of an numeral root


me-

From prefix meng-. Prefix meng- before initials /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/ ⟨ny⟩, /ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩, /r/, /y/ or /w/ will cause fusion with transformation of meng- into me-.

Form of prefix meng- before initials of /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/ ⟨ny⟩, /ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩, /r/, /y/ or /w/.

prefix meng- before initials of /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /r/, /y/ or /w/


hagio-

From Ancient Greek ἅγιος (hágios, “holy, saintly”).


mem-

From prefix meng-. Prefix meng- before initials of /b/, /p/ or /f/ except before prefix per- will cause fusion with transformation of meng- into mem- and initial elision of /p/.

Form of prefix meng- before initial /b/, /p/ or /f/ except before prefix per-.


meny-

From prefix meng-. Prefix meng- before initials of /s/ will cause fusion with transformation of meng- into meny- and elision of initial /s/.

Form of prefix meng- before initials of /s/.


menge-

form of meng-, before monosyllabic roots.


nge-

ngê- (canonical)
ng- (alternative)
ny- (alternative mainly)
m- (alternative mainly)
n- (alternative mainly)

hapus (“to delete”) > ngehapus

aduk (“to mix”) > ngaduk

cobain (“to try”) > nyobain

peres (“to squeeze”) > meres

tulis (“to write”) > nulis

(colloquial, chiefly Java) used to mark active subject on a verb. Usually not used in a direct imperative sentence


antar-

antara (alternative)
antara (alternative)

From Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within, between, amongst”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Doublet of inter-.

antarbenua

antarkota

antarbangsa


heksa-

From Latin hexa-, from Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-), from ἕξ (héx, “six”).


penge-

alternative form of peng-, used when the word has one syllable


diri

From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).


purna-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese pūrṇa, from Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇá).


pasca-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पश्चा (paścā). Coined by Indonesian academician Poerbatjaraka 1950s.


maha-

From Malay maha-, from Sanskrit महा (mahā), महत् (mahat), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *maźʰā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maȷ́ʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s.


awa-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अव (ava). Coined by Komisi Istilah in 1959.

lbor

awagula

awanama

awaracun

awaair

free (from), without, not contain, non-, de-


swa-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese swa, from Sanskrit स्व (svá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás, from Proto-Indo-European *swós.

swadaya

swaharga


adi-

From Malay adi-, from Javanese ꦲꦢꦶ (adi), from Old Javanese adi, adhi, ādi (“beginning; first, principal; excellent”), from Sanskrit आदि, अधि (ādi, adhi).


mala-

From Malay mala-, from Old Javanese mala-, from Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, impurity”), from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“black”). Doublet of mala.


nir-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर् (nir), the alternative form of निस् (nis, “out, forth, away”, adverb).

lbor

nirguna

nirkabel

nirtunai

nirlaba


amfi-

From Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”).


nis-

From Malay nir-, from Sanskrit निष्-, निस् (niṣ-, nis, “out, forth, away”), नि (ni, “down; back; in, into”), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ni (thus ultimately from *h₁én).


pramu-

Back-formation from pramugari, from Javanese ꦥꦿꦩꦸꦒꦫꦶ (pramugari).


nara-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese nara (“man, male, person”), from Sanskrit नर (nára), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnáras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.


bersi-

From ber- + se-, influenced by Minangkabau basi-.
Berse- > bersi-


catur-

From Malay catur, from Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


ato-

International System of Units
International System of Units

atto-: in the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻¹⁸. Symbol: a


purba-

From Malay purba (“ancient”), from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva). Doublet of purwa.


purwa-

From Javanese ꦥꦸꦂꦮ (purwa, “ancient, beginning”), from Old Javanese pūrwa (“beginning, front, eastern”), from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva). Doublet of purba.


asta-

From Malay asta, from Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


daktilo-

From New Latin dactylo-, from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


dasa-

From Malay dasa, from Sanskrit दश (dáśa), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Doublet of deka-.


sapta-

From Sanskrit सप्त, सप्तन् (sapta, saptan, “seven”). Doublet of hepta-.

bor

सप्त, सप्तन्


kuasi-

From Dutch quasi-, kwasi-, from Latin quasi (“as if”).


manca-

Clipping of mancanegara (“foreign country; international”), from Javanese ꦩꦚ꧀ꦕꦤꦒꦫ (mancanagara, “outer provinces; overseas”), from Old Javanese mañcanagara, from Sanskrit मञ्च (mañca, “throne”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).


nawa-

From Malay nawa, from Sanskrit नव, नवन् (nava, navan, “nine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


tuna-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese tuna (“deficient, failing, lacking”), from Sanskrit तुन्न (tunna, “struck, hurt”).


pemer-

singkat (“short; brief”) → pemersingkat (“shortener; abbreviator; abridger”)

used to form a agent noun that can cause or change