de facto

Unadapted borrowing from Latin dē factō (literally “according to fact”), from dē (“according to”) + ablative of factum (“fact, deed, act”)


ad hominem

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ad hominem


s'il vous plaît

Unadapted borrowing from French s'il vous plaît (“please, if you please”, literally “if it pleases you”).


en route

Internationalism, borrowed from French en route.


BP

bawah perintah
bawah perintah#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of bawah perintah (“assignment; under command”).


in absentia

Learned borrowing from Latin in absentia (“in absence”).


force majeure

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from French force majeure.


Kyrie eleison

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin Kȳrie eleison, from Ancient Greek Κῡ́ριε ἐλέησον (Kū́rie eléēson).

der

Κῡ́ριε ἐλέησον

(Christianity) o Lord, have mercy! (upon us)


sama-sama

you're welcome, has a connotation of same to you


selamat siang

selamat siang pemirsa

(formal) A somewhat formal greeting generally used when daytime, near midday. When weather feel hotter than "pagi"; good day; good afternoon


misdrijf

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch misdrijf.


ada apa

Ada apa di luar?

(idiomatic) expression of concern, asking for an explanation; What's going on? What's up?


apakah Anda berbicara bahasa Inggris

do you speak English
do you speak English


kali ini

From Malay kali ini,
from Classical Malay kali ini. Equivalent kali + ini (“this”).


kali lipat

harganya naik empat kali lipat


insya Allah

From Malay insya Allah,
from Classical Malay insya Allah, from Arabic إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّه (ʔin šāʔa l-lah).

إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّه

God willing; if it is God’s will, if God wills


vrijspraak

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch vrijspraak.


ada udang di balik batu

Literally meaning "there is a prawn behind the rock". From Malay ada udang di sebalik batu, from Minangkabau [Term?].

Dalam konteks kebijakan yang dijalankan oleh Partai Komunis Indonesia (P.K.I.), ada udang di balik batu.

On the context of the Communist Party of Indonesia (P.K.I.)'s policies, there is an ulterior motive.

"Aduh, mengapa Bapak belum juga mengerti bahwa ada udang di balik batu? Coba pikir betul-betul dan berkali-kali tentang kalung ini."

1989, Ramlal Rishi, Pacar, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, page 41:

"Ouch, why don't you understand that there is a catch? Try to think seriously and over and over again about this necklace."

(figurative, idiomatic) there is a concealed ulterior motive, especially in a person's words or in a seemingly generous offer or deal


tahun cahaya

Compound of tahun (“year”) + cahaya (“light”), calque of Dutch lichtjaar (“light year”). Attested before 1970.

cal

(astronomy) lightyear (astronomical distance)


kamsia

Borrowed from Hokkien 感謝 /感谢 (kám-siā, “thank you very much”).


faktor persekutuan terbesar

greatest common divisor
greatest common divisor


cinta satu malam

From cinta (“love”) + satu (“one”) + malam (“night”), literally “one night's love”, calque of English one-night stand. Coined in the 2009 song Cinta satu malam sang by Melinda.


dsb.

dan sebagainya
dan sebagainya#Indonesian

Abbreviation of dan sebagainya: etc., and so on, and so forth


overmacht

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch overmacht.


subhanallah

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic سُبْحَانَ الله (subḥāna llāh).

سُبْحَانَ الله


dll.

Abbreviation of dan lain-lain (“et cetera, etc”).


dst.

dan seterusnya
dan seterusnya#Indonesian


dkk.

abbreviation of dan kawan-kawan (“et al.”, literally “and friends”).


dilarang parkir

no parking on a traffic sign, indicates that parking is not allowed within the area of influence of the sign


saya butuh pemandu

indicates that the speaker needs a person to guide him or her; I need a guide


nasi sudah menjadi bubur

nasi jadi bubur (alternative)
nasi sudah jadi bubur (alternative)
nasi telah jadi bubur (alternative)
nasi telah menjadi bubur (alternative)

(idiomatic) what's done is done; the die is cast


makan sepuasnya

Compound of makan (“to eat”) + sepuasnya (“as much as one likes”), probably calque from Japanese 食(た)べ放題(ほうだい) (tabehōdai, “all-you-can-eat”, literally “to eat + as much as one likes”).


askot

Blend of asal (“origin”) + kota (“city”).

blend

What city are you from
What city are you from

(slang, text messaging) What city are you from?


cukup jelas

From cukup (“enough”) + jelas (“clear”), literally “clear enough”.


dalam negeri

Compound of dalam (“inside”) + negeri (“nation”), calque of Dutch binnenlands (“national, domestic”).

clq

domestic: internal to a specific country


orang ketiga

Compound of orang (literally “party”) + ketiga (“third”).
* for grammar and linguistics senses, calque of Dutch derde persoon (“third person”)
* for sense of other man and other woman, probably calque from Chinese 第三者 (dìsānzhě, “the other man, the other women”, literally “third party”)


luar negeri

Compound of luar (“foreign”, literally “outside”) + negeri (“country, land”). Compare to Dutch buitenland, Chinese 外國／外国 (wàiguó).

zh-l

外國／外国 (wàiguó)

foreign: located outside a country or place, especially one's own; relating to a different nation


kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi

[kəd͡ʒaˈdian ˈikʊtan ˈpast͡ʃa imuniˈsasi]

Compound of kejadian + ikutan + pasca + imunisasi.

(medicine) Alternative spelling of kejadian ikutan pascaimunisasi


hak memesan efek terlebih dahulu

Compound of hak (“right”) + memesan (“to order”) + efek (“security”) + terlebih dahulu (“foremost”), literally “right to order securities before anyone else”. Compare to Japanese 新株予約権(しんかぶよやくけん) (shinkabu yoyaku-ken, “new share promissory right”).


kejadian ikutan pascaimunisasi

KIPI (alternative)
kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi (alternative)

From kejadian (“event”) + ikutan (“following”) + pascaimunisasi (“post-immunisation”), literally “events following post-immunisation”.

com

(medicine) adverse event following immunization: any untoward medical occurrence which follows immunization and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine


kerah putih

Compound of kerah (“collar”) + putih (“white”), calque of English white-collar.


kekuatan lunak

Compound of kekuatan (“power”) + lunak (“soft”), calque of English soft power.

(politics) soft power: political influence that is extended by means of diplomacy, media, international assistance, cultural exchanges, etc., rather than by such "hard" means as military intervention or punitive economic measures


kerah biru

Compound of kerah (“collar”) + biru (“blue”), calque of English blue-collar.


buka kemas

Compound of buka (“open”) + kemas (“wrapper”).


bunga mengambang

Compound of bunga (“interest; rate”, literally “flower”) + mengambang (“floating”).

(economics) floating rate: an rate, usually interest or exchange values,that moves up and down with the rest of the market or along with an index - sometimes called a variable interest rate because it can vary over the duration of the term


bunga tetap

Compound of bunga (“interest; rate”, literally “flower”) + tetap (“fixed”).


cinta mati

Compound of cinta (“love”) + mati (“death”), literally “love [till] death”.


sekolah negeri

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + negeri (“state”).

(education) public school, state school: a publicly funded and administered school


sekolah partikulir

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + partikulir (“private”). Displaced by sekolah swasta.

(education, dated) private school: a fee-charging private or independent school


sekolah swasta

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + swasta (“private”).

(education) private school: a fee-charging private or independent school


s.t.d.d.

sebagaimana telah diubah dengan#Indonesian

Abbreviation of sebagaimana telah diubah dengan.


arah jam

Compound of arah (“direction”) + jam (“clock”).


syarat dan ketentuan

S&K (alternative abbreviation acronym acronym)

Compound of syarat + dan + ketentuan. Calque of English terms and conditions.

terms and conditions
terms and conditions


dies natalis

From Dutch dies natalis, from Latin diēs nātālis.


emang gue pikirin

From emang (“indeed”) + gue (“I, me”) + pikirin (“think”).

emang gua pikirin (alternative)
EGP (alternative)

"Dasar pikiran lo kotor mulu, sih! Kasihan banget deh yang jadi cewek elo ntar!" "Emang gue pikirin?!"

1992, Arini Suryo kusumo, Taruhan, PT Gramedia Utama, page 70:

"Your mind is dirty! I really feel sorry, but you are becoming a girl!" "I don't care!"


kurang kerjaan

kurang kêrjaan (canonical)
kuker (alternative)

From kurang (“lack”) + kerjaan (“job; work”).

Elina meletakkan cilok yang ia bawa di meja lain, lalu menghampiri keempat orang yang menurutnya kurang kerjaan itu. “Kalian kurang kerjaan atau nggak waras, sih?”

2019, Anggia Cossito, Butuh Pendamping, Gee Publishing, page 343:

Elina put the cilok she brought on another table, then walked over to the four people who she thought were got nothing better to do. "You guys got too much time on your hands or insane, huh?"

(idiomatic, informal) got nothing better to do; got too much time on your hands


a quo

Dalam perkara a quo, penerbitan objek sengketa a quo bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik tersebut.

In the said case, the publication of the said disputed object is contrary to statutory regulations and the general principles of good governance.

...ketentuan Pasal 94 UU ASN a quo telah menempatkan Para Pemohon sebagai pelamar pekerjaan, ....

...the provisions of Article 94 of the cited Civil Servant Act have positioned the applicants as job applicants, ....

Berdasarkan UU a quo Mahkamah Agung berwenang menentukan pengaturan tentang cara penyelesaian suatu soal yang belum atau tidak diatur dalam UU 14/1985.

Based on the cited law, the Supreme Court has the authority to determine regulations regarding the method of resolving a matter that is not or is not regulated in Law 14/1985.


adu lengan

(figurative, uncommon) strength competition


agama rahmat

Compound of agama (“religion”) + rahmat (“grace”).


agen pengelat

/ˈaɡɛn pəŋəˈlat̚/

Compound of agen + pengelat, calque of English chelating agent.

(chemistry) chelating agent: any compound that reacts with a metal ion to produce a chelate


terima pesanan

Compound of terima (“to receive”) + pesanan (“order”).


balik kanan

Compound of balik + kanan (“right”), calque from Japanese 回(まわ)れ右(みぎ) (mawaremigi, “turn (around) right”).

ja-r

(military) about turn, to the rear, march


istirahat di tempat

Compound of istirahat (“rest”) + di (“at”) + tempat (“place”), compare to Japanese 整列休(せいれつやす)め (seiretsuyasume).


jalan di tempat

Compound of jalan + di + tempat, a translation of Japanese 足踏(あしぶ)み、進(すす)め (ashibumi, susume).

standstill, deadlock, stalemate, impasse


hari bulan

Compound of hari (“day”) + bulan (“month”), from Malay hari bulan (“date”), probably calque from Chinese 月日 (“date, time”, literally “month and day”).


daftar hari bulan

(rare) calendar: a means to determine the date consisting of a document containing dates and other temporal information


tanggal merah

Compound of tanggal (“date”) + merah (“red”) as international convention to mark holiday in calendar with red colour. Compare to Cantonese 紅日／红日 (hung⁴ jat⁶⁻²), Norwegian Bokmål rød dag, Swedish röd dag, and English red letter day.

紅日／红日 (hung⁴ jat⁶⁻²)

Atasan meminta Saudara masuk kerja pada tanggal merah.

The boss asks you to come for work on holiday.

(colloquial) holiday (a day declared free from work by the state or government)


budi pekerti

Compound of budi (“sense; mind; character”) + pekerti (“morals, ethics; character”).


negeri beruang merah

Compound of negeri (“land”) + beruang (“bear”) + merah (“red”), literally “the land of red bear”.


izin mendirikan bangunan

Compound of izin (“permit”) + mendirikan (“to construct”) + bangunan (“building”).

(construction, law, historical) building permit, construction permit, planning permission


visum et repertum

Learned borrowing from Latin visum et repertum (literally “seen and discovered”).

lbor

(medicine, law) professional witness statement written by medical practitioner who testifies to the facts of a case and part of evidence given under oath in court


teman tapi mesra

Compound of teman (“friend”) + tapi (“but”) + mesra (“intimate”). Popularized by Ratu as song title in 2005.

com

friend with benefits
friend with benefits


daya paksa

Compound of daya + paksa, calque of Dutch overmacht.


keadaan kahar

Compound of keadaan (“situation”) + kahar (“all-powerful; tyrannical”).


putusan bebas

Compound of putusan (“verdict”) + bebas (“guiltless”, literally “free”), compare to Japanese 無罪判決(むざいはんけつ) (muzaihanketsu, “acquittal”, literally “guiltless verdict”).


bunga berbunga

Compound of bunga (“flower”) + berbunga (“flowering”), literally “flowering flower”, calque of Dutch rente op rente (“compound interest”, literally “interest of interest”). Compare to German Zinseszins.


pahlawan kesiangan

Compound of pahlawan (“hero”) + kesiangan (“late, oversleep”, literally “too late in the afternoon”).

com

someone takes credit for no action during critical period


hampa udara

Compound of hampa (“empty”) + udara (“air”), calque of Dutch luchtledig.

vacuum: a region of space that contains no matter


sumpah serapah

Compound of sumpah (“curse”) + serapah (“curse”).

(Standard Malay)


lencang depan

From lencang (“to dress, to arrange, to put arm straigthly”) + depan (“front”), literally “to put arm straightly in front”.


lencang kanan

Compound of lencang (“to dress: to arrange”) + kanan, calque from Japanese 右(みぎ)へならえ (migihenarae).


olahan gula

Compound olahan + gula, calque of Dutch suikerwaren.

confection: A food item prepared very sweet, frequently decorated in fine detail, and often preserved with sugar, such as a candy, sweetmeat, fruit preserve, pastry, or cake


melawan hukum

Compound of melawan + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch wederrechtelijk (“illegal, against the law”).


pembelaan terpaksa

Compound of pembelaan + terpaksa, calque of Dutch noodweer (“self-defence”)


pidana mati

Compound of pidana (“punishment”) + mati (“death”), calque of Dutch doodstraf.


pelepasan bersyarat

Compound of pelepasan (“release”) + bersyarat (“conditional”), calque of Dutch voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling (“parole”).

clq

(law) parole: Conditional release of a prisoner (now especially before the end of a custodial sentence), or the term or state of such release; the system governing such releases


pembebasan bersyarat

Compound pembebasan (“release”) + bersyarat (“conditional”), calque of Dutch voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling (“parole”).


kepastian hukum

Compound of kepastian (“certainty”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch regtszekerheid.


pencucian uang

Compound of pencucian (“washing”) + uang (“money”), calque of English money laundering.

(law) money laundering: The act of engaging in transactions designed to obscure the origin of money, especially money that has been obtained illegally


deret waktu

Compound of deret (“series”) + waktu (“time”), calque of English time series.


perilaku organisasi

Compound of perilaku + organisasi, calque of English organizational behavior.

clq

organizational behavior
organizational behavior

(management) organizational behavior: the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself."


padat karya

Compound of padat (“packed”) + karya (“work”), compare to Japanese 労働集約(ろうしゅうやく) (rōshūyaku, “labor-intensive”, literally “labour + consolidate, aggregate”) and Chinese 勞動密集／劳动密集 (láodòng mìjí, “labor-intensive”, literally “labor-dense”).

zh-l

labor-intensive, work-intensive: requiring a great deal of work, especially physical and manual effort versus capital


alfa dan omega

Translation of Ancient Greek τὸ ἄλφα καὶ τὸ ὦ (tò álpha kaì tò ô).

der

τὸ ἄλφα καὶ τὸ ὦ


panggil ambulan

panggil ambulans
panggil ambulans#Indonesian

nonstandard spelling of panggil ambulans


panggil ambulans

panggil ambulan (alternative nonstandard)


peringatan dini

Compound of peringatan + dini. Calque of English early-warning.


lintas negara

pembayaran lintas negara


jatuh hati

Compound of jatuh (“to fall”) + hati (“heart”), literally “to fall in heart”.


musuh dalam selimut

(idiomatic) an internal spy or enemy who betray their people, a mole


pucuk dicinta, ulam pun tiba

From Malay [Term?]. Literally "[the] bud[s] loved, [then] the side dish arrives".

pucuk dicinta ulam pun tiba (alternative)
pucuk dicinta ulam tiba (alternative)

(idiomatic) finally getting something that has been wished for


sudah jatuh, tertimpa tangga

From Malay sudah jatuh, tertimpa tangga. Literally "(someone) fell down (from a height and) hit by the (fallen) ladder".

sudah jatuh, tertimpa tangga pula (alternative)
sudah jatuh tertimpa tangga pula (alternative)
sudah jatuh tertimpa tangga (alternative)

(idiomatic) getting multiple misfortunes, one after another (same time or in sequential)


bersedia, siap, ya

on your mark, get set, go
on your mark, get set, go

(sports) ready, set, go; on your mark, get set, go; ready, steady, go


zie ommezijde

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch zie ommezijde (“please turn over”).


laissez passer

Unadapted borrowing from French [Term?].


lagu lama

Kalau saya disuguhi dalil itu, saya anggap itu lagu lama. Sebab, dia bekerja sebagai polisi ataupun intelijen, dia harus menyadari bahwa visi dan misi dia adalah...

2001, A. C. Manullang, Menguak tabu intelijen, page 209:

If I am treated with that proposition, I'll consider it an old theme. Because, if he works as a policeman and an intelligence agent, then he should aware that his vision and mission is...

Memakai tuduhan lama untuk pers Indonesia, sudah nggak luculah. Lagu lama itu.

1995, Mochtar Lubis, Ramadhan Karta Hadimadja, Mochtar Lubis bicara lurus, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, page 215:

Masalah inefisiensi pemerintah adalah lagu lama yang terus menerus diteriakkan pebisnis, terutama saat krisis.


persetujuan bangunan gedung

From persetujuan (“approval, permission”) + bangunan (“building”) + gedung (“building”).


besar pasak daripada tiang

From Malay [Term?]. Literally "the peg is bigger than the pole".

lebih besar pasak daripada tiang (alternative)

(idiomatic) spending more than he/she/it earns


head

sekali merengkuh dayung, dua tiga pulau terlampaui

From Malay [Term?]. Literally "one stroke at the paddle, two and three islands have passed.".

killing two birds with one stone
killing two birds with one stone


tak ada rotan, akar pun jadi

From Malay [Term?]. Literally "If there is no rattan, [use] the root [instead]".

better than a stick in the eye
better than a stick in the eye


setor muka

Compound of setor (“to send, to deposit”) + muka (“face”).


masuk tiga, keluar empat

Literally, "three comes in, four comes out"

(idiomatic) to have one's spending more than one's income


jalesveva jayamahe

From Sanskrit जलेषु एव जयामहे (jaleṣu eva jayāmahe, “in the waters, we win”).

der

जलेषु एव जयामहे

(military) on the sea, we are victorious


jalesu bhumyamca jayamahe

From Sanskrit जलेषु भूम्याम् च जयामहे (jaleṣu bhūmyām ca jayāmahe, “both on sea and on land, we win”).

जलेषु भूम्याम् च जयामहे

(military) both on sea and on land we are victorious


praduga tidak bersalah

Compound of praduga (“presumption”) + tidak bersalah (“innocence”).

com+

presumption of innocence
presumption of innocence


temu balik

Compound of temu (“to meet; to encounter”) + balik (“to return”).


mintol

(sometimes humorous) Short for minta tolong (“to ask for help”).

(humorous, vulgar) Short for minta kontol (“to ask for dick”).


menurut ngana

From menurut (“according to”) + ngana (“you (Manado)”). Originally used on Twitter, before it was picked up and popularized by the 2012 Indonesian sinetron Putih Abu-Abu.

com

Tidak cukup kami patah hati karena merasa tak ada artinya di mata Mas Butek bila dibandingkan dengan Mbak Desi (MENURUT NGANA?), kami harus menghadapi ujian hidup yang sebenarnya.

2013, Stephany Josephine, The freaky Teppy: Cerita hidup penuh tawa walau luka-luka [The freaky Teppy: A life story full of laughs despite all the wounds], Jakarta: GagasMedia, →ISBN, page 154:

As if we were not heartbroken enough for being unworthy in Mas Butek's eyes when compared to Mbak Desi (YOU THINK?), we still needed to face real-life challenges.

"Lo ngapain di sana? Lagi ngepel?"
"Menurut ngana?"

2024, Risma Ridha Annisa, Nothing Solid, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, →ISBN, page 119:

"What are you doing there? Mopping the floors?"
"You''' think?"

(colloquial, idiomatic, originally Internet slang) a sarcastic, rhetorical response to an obvious statement: you think?; you don't say?


tajam ke bawah, tumpul ke atas

Literally, “Sharp downward, blunt upward”

lit

Hukum tajam ke bawah, tumpul ke atas.

One law for the rich, another for the poor.

double standards, discriminatory, rigged against the disadvantaged


akan segera

Compound of akan (future marker) + segera (“immediately”).

com+

Dia akan segera menghidangkan para tamu.


dan seterusnya

dan sêtêrusnya (canonical)
dst. (alternative)