kebun

From Malay kebun, from Classical Malay kebun, from Old Javanese kĕbon, kĕbwan (“garden, plantation”) (compare to Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (kebon, “garden, plantation”)), affixed form of bwah, wwah (“fruit”) (compare Indonesian buah (“fruit”), hence reconstructed as buah + ke- -an).

cog

garden: an outdoor area containing one or more types of plants, usually plants grown for food or ornamental purposes.

orchard: a garden or an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees.


niaga

From Malay niaga, from Classical Malay niaga, back-formation from beniaga (“trading”), which borrowed from Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “trader”).


akhbar

From Malay akhbar, from Classical Malay اخبار (akhbar), from Arabic أَخْبَار (ʔaḵbār).

der

Arabic أَخْبَار (ʔaḵbār)


kata nama

Compound of kata (“word”) + nama (“name”), calque of Dutch naamwoord (“noun”, literally “name + word”).


perdana

pêrdana (canonical)
perdana-perdana (plural)

From Malay perdana, from Sanskrit प्रधान (pradhāna). Doublet of pradana.


kapal terbang

id-noun

kapal têrbang (plural kapal-kapal terbang)

kapal têrbang (canonical)
kapal-kapal terbang (plural)

From kapal (“ship”) + terbang (“to fly”), inherited from Malay kapal terbang. Compare to Hokkien 飛船／飞船 (“airplane”, literally “to fly + boat, vessel, ship”).


perdana menteri

Compound of perdana (“first”) + menteri (“minister”), from Malay perdana menteri, which is a calque of English prime minister and Sanskrit प्रधान मंत्री (pradhāna maṃtrī).

cal

प्रधान मंत्री


kawin

From Malay kahwin, kawin, from Classical Malay کهوين (kahwin), کاوين (kawin), from Persian کاوین (kâvin), a variant of کابین (kâbin, “marriage-portion, dowry”).


subsider

From Dutch subsidiair, from French subsidiaire, from Latin subsidiārius. Compare Malay subsidiari.

(law) secondary sentence as alternative sentence to primary sentence, if the primary sentence is not fulfilled.


buncis

Inherited from Malay buncis, from Dutch boontjes (“small beans”).


persneling

From Dutch versnelling (“gear; acceleration”).


FIB

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu budaya.


TTM

teman tapi mesra
teman tapi mesra#Indonesian

friend with benefits
friend with benefits

(colloquial, slang) Abbreviation of teman tapi mesra (“friend with benefits”).


karkas

carcass, the body of a slaughtered animal, stripped of unwanted viscera, etc.


raksasa

From Malay raksasa, from Classical Malay raksasa, from Sanskrit राक्षस (rākṣasa, “demon”).

(Buddhism, Hinduism) a member of a race of usually evil human-like monsters who eat people; an ogre

(figurative, colloquial) very tall person


pembedahan

Affixed bedah + peng- -an, from Malay pembedahan.

(medicine) surgery: a procedure involving major incisions to remove, repair, or replace a part of a body.


pejabat

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Affixed per- + jabat, inherited from Malay pejabat. Attested before 1953.

official, an office holder invested with powers and authorities.

(archaic) office, a room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work.


accoord

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accoord (“agreement, accord”), older spelling of akkoord, from Middle Dutch accoort, from Old French acorder (Modern French accord), from Vulgar Latin to be heart to heart with, formed from Latin ad + cor (“heart”). Doublet of akor and akur.

ubor

(1901–1947) Superseded spelling of akor.


sakristi

From Dutch sacristie, from Middle Dutch sacristie, from Medieval Latin sacristia.

(Catholicism) sacristy: A room in a church where sacred vessels, books, vestments, etc. are kept. Sometimes also used by clergy to prepare for worship or for meetings.


lapangan

field;
Domain of study, knowledge or practice.

a place where competitive matches are carried out.

battlefield: a place where a battle is fought.

an area reserved for playing a game or race with one’s physical force.

stadium: a venue where sporting events are held, especially badminton, volleyball, and basketball.

(sports) A place arranged for playing the games of tennis, basketball, squash, badminton, volleyball and some other games; court.

(cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played: a cricket field; ground


pencak silat

id-noun

pencak silat (plural pencak-pencak silat)


juru selamat

(religion) Savior, Redeemer (Jesus Christ)


pijantung kecil

pijantung kecil (plural pijantung-pijantung kecil)

(birds) little spiderhunter (Arachnothera longirostra)


arteri

artéri (canonical)
arteri-arteri (plural)

From Dutch arterie, from Latin artēria (“windpipe, artery”), from Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία (artēría).

(medicine) an efferent blood vessel from the heart, conveying blood away from the heart regardless of oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.

(transport, communication, figurative) a major transit corridor.


senjata

sênjata (canonical)
senjata-senjata (plural)

From Malay senjata, from Classical Malay senjata, from Sanskrit संयत्त (saṃyatta, “prepared, ready, being on one's guard”) or सज्जता (sajjatā, “preparation”).

der

an instrument of attack or defense in combat or hunting, e.g. most guns, missiles, or swords.

weapon:
(figurative) a tool of any kind.


lontar

From Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦂ, ꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦭ꧀ (lontar, rontal), from Old Javanese lontar, rontar, rontal, compound of ron (“leaf”) + tal, tala (“palm”), from Sanskrit ताल (tāla, “palm”).

bor

ꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦂ, ꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦭ꧀

Borassus flabellifer
Borassus flabellifer#Translingual

lontar:
the tree (Borassus flabellifer).

palm-leaf manuscript
palm-leaf manuscript


membran

From Dutch membraan, from Middle French membrane, from Latin membrana, itself from membra, plural of membrum (“member, limb”) + -anus (“-ane”).

membrane, a flexible enclosing or separating tissue forming a plane or film and separating two environments:

(biology) a microscopic double layer of lipids and proteins forming the boundary of cells or organelles.

(engineering) a mechanical, thin, flat flexible part that can deform or vibrate when excited by an external force.


puputan

Affixed puput + -an, from Minangkabau [Term?].


puputan

Affixed puput + -an, from Balinese ᬧᬸᬧᬸᬢᬦ᭄ (puputan) and Javanese ꦥꦸꦥꦸꦠꦤ꧀ (puputan), from Old Javanese puputan (“end”).

ceremony marking the falling off of the cord


rumah panjang

id-noun

rumah panjang (plural rumah-rumah panjang)

Compound of rumah (“house”) + panjang (“long”), from Malay rumah panjang.

longhouse (especially that of the traditional ethnic groups of Borneo)


surau

From Malay surau, possibly from Sanskrit सुरौकस् (suraukas, “abode of the gods”).

der

(Islam) surau: a small mosque or other Islamic assembly building in parts of Sumatra and the Malay peninsula.


mistar

From Arabic مِسْطَرَة (misṭara, “ruler (device)”).

ruler, a (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings.

(soccer) crossbar, the top of the goal structure.

(high jump, pole vault) a horizontal pole that must be crossed in high jump and pole vault.

high jump; pole vault; high jump; pole vault


mistar

From Arabic مِسْتَرٌ (mistarun, “covering”).

that which covers or conceals; a cover; something spread or laid over or wrapped about another.


dabing

(colloquial) dubbing (replacement of voice)


masyarakat

From Malay masyarakat, from Arabic مُشَارَكَة (mušāraka).


mayat

From Malay mayat, from Classical Malay mayat, from Arabic مَيْت (mayt). Doublet of mayit.


AKI

angka kematian ibu
angka kematian ibu#Indonesian

Acronym of angka kematian ibu (“maternal mortality rate”).


bazoka

(military) bazooka, a shoulder fired rocket grenade launcher.


sasi

From Javanese sasi (ꦱꦱꦶ, “moon, month”), from Old Javanese śaśi (“moon, month”), from Sanskrit शशि (śaśi, “containing a hare, moon”).


angpau

From Xiamen Hokkien 紅包／红包 (âng-pau, “red packet”). Compare Mandarin 紅包／红包 (hóngbāo, “red packet”). Doublet of hongbao.

red envelope; ang pow: A red envelope which one fills with money and gives as a gift especially to children and unmarried people on Chinese New Year.


yonkoma

From Japanese 4コマ (yon-koma, “four-frame”), clipping of 4コマ漫画 (yon-koma manga, literally “four-panel comic strip”).

yonkoma (a comic strip of Japanese origin, having four panels usually in a vertical orientation)


kesatria

kêsatria (canonical)
kesatria-kesatria (plural)

From Malay kesatria, from Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior-king”).

(Hinduism) a member of the Kshatriya social class in ancient Hindu society


salib

From Malay salib, from Arabic صَلِيب (ṣalīb).

A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.

A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).

(Christianity) The cross on which Christ was crucified.

(Christianity) A hand gesture made in imitation of the shape of the Cross.

(Christianity) A modified representation of the crucifixion stake, worn as jewellery or displayed as a symbol of religious devotion.


budaya

From Malay budaya, from Sanskrit बुद्धयः (buddhayaḥ), plural of बुद्धि (buddhi).

membudayakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibudayakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

terbudayakan [agentless action + causative benefactive]

intellectual capacity (the faculty of reasoning and understanding)

culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation)

(colloquial) tendency, habit, norm (a pervasively engrained practice, especially one that is hard to give up)


kantor pos

Compound of kantor + pos, calque of Dutch postkantoor (“post office”).


musim gugur

autumn, fall: traditionally the third of the four seasons, when deciduous trees lose their leaves; typically regarded as being from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and the months of March, April and May in the Southern Hemisphere;


pengetahuan

pêngêtahuan (canonical)
pengetahuan-pengetahuan (plural)

Inherited from Malay pengetahuan. Equivalent to ke- + tahu + peng- -an.

the fact of knowing about something; general understanding or familiarity with a subject, place, situation etc

awareness of a particular fact or situation; a state of having been informed or made aware of something

intellectual understanding; the state of appreciating truth or information

familiarity or understanding of a particular skill, branch of learning etc.

ilmu

intellectual understanding, familiarity or understanding of particular skill

knowledge
(philosophy) justified true belief

the total of what is known; all information and products of learning


teluk

bay (a body of water more-or-less three-quarters surrounded by land)

gulf (a portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially landlocked sea)


musim dingin

Compound of musim (“season”) + dingin (“cold”).

com+

winter (fourth season, marked by short days and the lowest temperatures)


musim kemarau

Inherited from Malay musim kemarau. Equivalent to musim (“season”) + kemarau (“dry”).

dry season (any season in which little rain falls and hot)


wajah

Inherited from Malay wajah (“face”), from Classical Malay wajah, from Arabic وَجْه (wajh, “face”).

the front part of the head, featuring the eyes, nose, and mouth and the surrounding area.

(figurative) the frontal aspect of something.


musim hujan

Compound of musim + hujan, from Malay musim hujan.


anak belasan tahun

id-noun

anak belasan tahun (plural anak-anak belasan tahun)

teenager (person between 13 and 19 years of age)


stembusakkoord

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch stembusakkoord.

ubor

electoral agreement among political parties


apek

From Hakka 阿伯 (â-pak, “paternal uncle, old man”).


semur

→ English: semur

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦩꦸꦂ (semur), from Dutch smoor, smoren (“to braise”).

(cooking) semur: an Indonesian stew normally made with beef.


tengger

perch (a place used as a roost or stand by a bird)


najis

From Arabic نَجِس (najis, “unclean, impure”).


piket

From Dutch piket (“immediate reaction troop”), from French piquet (“picket, school punishment”).


farisi

From Malay farisi, from Arabic فَرِّيسِيّ (farrīsiyy).


briket

From Dutch briket, from French briquette (“small brick”).

briquette: a small brick, typically made of charcoal and used for fuel.


sangka

From Malay sangka, from Classical Malay sangka, from Sanskrit शङ्का (śaṅkā, “doubt, suspicion, distrust, fear”).


sangka

From Sanskrit शङ्ख (śaṅkha, “a shell, (especially) the conch-shell”).


bankir

From Dutch bankier (“banker”), from French banquier (“banker”).

banker, one who conducts the business of banking.


sangga

From Malay sangga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋga (“hilt of knife or bolo; to support”). Doublet of sanggah.


sangga

From Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha, “group, assembly”). Doublet of sangha.

der

(scouting) A 5 - 10 persons scouting group

(Java) measurement unit for 5 ikat paddy


peramban

From per- + ramban.
The sense “browser” is a semantic loan from English browser.

A person who collects grasses or leaves for livestocks.


perangkat lunak

id-noun

perangkat lunak (plural perangkat-perangkat lunak)

From perangkat (“equipment”) + lunak (“soft”). Calque of English software.

compound

(computing) software (encoded computer instructions)


mesin penelusur

id-noun

mesin penelusur (plural mesin-mesin penelusur)

From mesin (“engine, machine”) + penelusur (“explorer, searcher”). Calque of English search engine.


mesin pencari

mesin pencari (plural mesin-mesin pencari)

From mesin (“engine, machine”) + pencari (“searcher”). Calque of English search engine.


peranti lunak

peranti lunak (plural peranti-peranti lunak)

From peranti (“device”) + lunak (“soft”). Calque of English software.


setelan

suit: a set of clothes to be worn together, now especially a man's matching jacket and trousers (also business suit or lounge suit), or a similar outfit for a woman.


perlengkapan

pêrlêngkapan (canonical)
perlengkapan-perlengkapan (plural)

equipment: any items used in equipping something or someone, for example things needed for an expedition or voyage.


suntingan

(computing) A change in the text of a file, a website or the code of software.


perangkat

pêrangkat (canonical)
perangkat-perangkat (plural)

apparatus: a complex machine or instrument.

perangkat desa

officer: one who has a position of authority in a government organizations.

(computer hardware) device: a peripheral device; an item of hardware.

seperangkat alat salat


imla

der

Arabic إِمْلَاء (ʔimlāʔ)


peranti

pêranti (canonical)
peranti-peranti (plural)

Equivalent to peng- + rantai, from Malay peranti, from Old Javanese paranti (“expedient, tool, ready, place”). Doublet of piranti. Cognate of Javanese ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ (piranti).


singgahan

(computing) cache (temporary storage for data)


peladen

From
peng- + laden. The sense “server” is a semantic loan from English server.


alarm palsu

From alarm (“alarm”) + palsu (“false, fake”), calque of English false alarm.

false alarm (trigger of an unfounded response)


fitur

From English feature, from Anglo-Norman feture, from Old French faiture, from Latin factūra. Doublet of faktur.


kiai

→ Min Nan: 稽 (ke)

From Javanese kyai (ꦏꦾꦲꦶ), from Old Javanese kiya-kiya, kyayi (“respected person”). Semantic loan from Banjarese kiai for distric chief sense.
Compare Proto-Malayic *akiʔ (“grandfather”) and Central Malay yai (“grandfather”).

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

honorific for tiger (Panthera tigris), when trespass the forest

(historical) district chief, in South Kalimantan


kiai

From Japanese 気合(きあい) (kiai, “yell; spirit, fight”).

(sports) kiai, the yell or shout uttered when performing a move in martial arts.


kajang

Inherited from Malay kajang, from Classical Malay کاجڠ (kajang).


PLTN

pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir#Indonesian

Initialism of pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir.


pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir

id-noun

pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir (plural pembangkit-pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir)

pembangkit listrik (“power plant”) + tenaga nuklir (“nuclear power”), calque of English nuclear power plant.


pembangkit listrik

id-noun

pembangkit listrik (plural pembangkit-pembangkit listrik)

Compound of pembangkit (“generator, power plant”) + listrik (“electricity”). Compare to Dutch elektriciteitscentrale and French centrale électrique.

compound

(electricity) power plant, power station.


listrik

From older spellings lestrik, lesterik, elestrik, borrowed from Dutch elektriciteit (unusually metathesized into *elestrikiteit), from French électrique, from Latin ēlectricus, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron). Doublet of elektrik.


arya

From Sanskrit आर्य (ārya, “noble, noble one”). Doublet of ayah.

der

former title for higher official in Javanese kingdom period.


RAT

rapat anggota tahunan
rapat anggota tahunan#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of rapat anggota tahunan.


paroki

From Late Latin parochia, from Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía, “a dwelling abroad”).
* Via Dutch parochie (“parish”), from Middle Dutch prochie.
* Via Portuguese paróquia (“parish”).


HSS

Initialism of hari setelah semai (“days after sowing”).


sahur

From Malay sahur,
from Classical Malay sahur, from Arabic سَحُور (saḥūr).

(Islam) suhur, a pre-dawn breakfast during the Ramadan fasting


aktivasi

Affixed aktif + -asi, borrowed from Dutch activatie (“activation”).


deret

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) the sequence of partial sums ∑ᵢ₌₁ⁿa_i of a given sequence aᵢ.

(phonology) a set of consonants that share a particular phonetic or phonological feature.


mesin tik

[məˌsɪn ˈt̪ɪk̚]

mesin (“machine”) + tik (“type”), calque of English typewriter.


piranti

From Javanese ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ (piranti), from Old Javanese paranti (“expedient, tool, ready, place”). Doublet of peranti. Equivalent to peng- + rantai.


surga

From Malay shurga, shorga, sorga, surga, swarga, syorga, syurga (Standard Malay syurga), from Classical Malay شرݢ (syurga), شرݢ (surga), from Sanskrit स्वर्ग (svarga).

(religion) paradise, heaven. (any religions)

(Hinduism) alternative spelling of swarga (“svarga”)


persinggahan

From Malay persinggahan, from Classical Malay persinggahan. Equivalent to singgah + per- -an.


tembolok

Inherited from Malay تمبولوق (tembolok, “craw”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">tembolok</i>


mosaik

From Dutch mozaïek, from Middle French mosaïque, from Italian mosaico, from Medieval Latin musaicum, from Late Latin musivum (opus), from Latin museum, musaeum, probably from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon), shrine of the Muses, (Μοῦσα (Moûsa)).

(art) A piece of artwork created by placing colored squares (usually tiles) in a pattern so as to create a picture.

(photography) A composite picture made from overlapping photographs.

(botany, phytopathology) Any of several viral diseases that cause mosaic-like patterns to appear on leaves.


percakapan

conversation: expression and exchange of individual ideas through talking with other people; also, a set instance or occasion of such talking.

dialog: a conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals.

talk: a conversation or discussion: usually serious, but informal.

chatter: especially meaningless or unimportant talk.

An exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, resembling a face-to-face conversation


perkakas

From Javanese ꦥꦼꦂꦏꦏꦱ꧀ (perkakas). Equivalent to per- + kakas.


jari tengah

jari têngah (canonical)
jari-jari tengah (plural)

Compound of jari (“finger”) + tengah (“middle”)


liwa

From Malay liwa, from Arabic لِوَاء (liwāʔ, “banner, flag, standard”).


katekis

Borrowed from Dutch catechist, from Latin catēchista.

(Christianity) catechist (one who practices catechesis, i.e., catechizes catechumens; a teacher who instructs students in the doctrines of a particular Christian denomination typically in preparation for confirmation)


bisnis

From Dutch business, from English business, from Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”).


wesel

From Dutch wissel, from Middle Dutch wissel. Cognate of Peranakan Indonesian wissel.

(Standard Malay)

(finance) money order, a type of cheque, usually purchased from a postal service to allow safe sending of money through the post, possibly to be redeemed in another country.


HET

harga eceran tertinggi
harga eceran tertinggi#Indonesian

(business, economics) Initialism of harga eceran tertinggi (“retail price ceiling”).


upacara

From Malay upacara, from Sanskrit उपचार (upacāra).


hari lahir

Compound of hari + lahir, inherited from Malay hari lahir.


layangan

kite (a flying lightweight toy that is flat and shaped like a triangle, played in wind)


zindik

Borrowed from Arabic زِنْدِيق (zindīq), itself from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭭𐭣𐭩𐭪 (zandīk).


daing

From Malay daing, from Classical Malay داءيڠ (daeng).


UMK

(law, Indonesia) Initialism of upah minimum kabupaten.

(law, Indonesia) Initialism of upah minimum kota .


djam

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of jam.


kutang

From Portuguese cotão, from French coton (“cotton”), from Old French coton.


terigu

têrigu (canonical)
terigu-terigu (plural)

From Malay terigu, from Portuguese trigo (“wheat”), from Old Galician-Portuguese triigo, from Latin triticum.


simposium

Borrowed from Dutch symposium, from Latin symposium, from Ancient Greek συμπόσιον (sumpósion, “drinking party”), συμπίνω (sumpínō, “drink together”) συν- (sun-, “together-”) + πίνω (pínō, “drink”).

symposium: a conference or other meeting for discussion of a topic, especially one in which the participants make presentations.


gandum

From earlier gandoem, from Malay gandum, from Classical Malay gandum (“wheat”), from Persian گندم (gandom), from Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /gannum/, “wheat”), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (Hᵍ /gan(d)um/)), from Proto-Iranian, from possibly Semitic (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ).


tukil

From Malay tukil, from Classical Malay توکيل (tukil), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tukil.

a bamboo cylinder for juice obtained from the blossom of the coconut palm or sugar palm


perangkat keras

id-noun

perangkat keras (plural perangkat-perangkat keras)

From perangkat (“equipment”) + keras (“hard”). Calque of English hardware.


makna

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْنًى (maʕnan) via Malay makna.


tukang

id-noun

tukang (plural tukang-tukang or para tukang)

tukang-tukang (plural)
para tukang (plural)

Inherited from Malay tukang. Semantic loan from Betawi tukang for the senses of “seller” and “person with bad habit”.

tukang mabuk


eksper

èkspèr (canonical)
eksper-eksper (plural)

From Dutch expert (“expert”), from Middle Dutch expert, from Middle French expert, from Old French expert, from Latin expertus.


penilaian

pênilaian (canonical)
penilaian-penilaian (plural)

Affixed nilai (“value”) + peng- -an, inherited from Malay penilaian.

(education) the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning

(Standard Malay)


nilai

From Malay nilai, from Classical Malay nilai, from Tamil நிலை (nilai, “character, quality, nature”).


penggerak

pênggêrak (canonical)
penggerak-penggerak (plural)

mover:
someone who or something that moves.

prime mover: a machine that converts various other forms of energy (chemical, electrical, fluid pressure/flow, etc.) into energy of movement.


pergerakan

gerak (“to move”) + per- -an. From Malay pergerakan.

movement (trend in various fields or social categories)


gerak

(mechanics) a change from one place to another.

motion
a change from one place to another.


catu

From Malay catu, from Old Javanese catu (“portion, part, share”), probably from Tamil சத்து (cattu, “flour”), from Sanskrit सक्तु (saktu, “coarsely ground meal”).

ration: a portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group.


strok

From Malay strok, from English stroke, from Middle English stroke, strok, strak, from Old English strāc (“stroke”), from Proto-West Germanic *straik (“stroke”), from Proto-Germanic *straikaz (“stroke”), from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“stroke; to strike”).


draf

From English draft, phonetic spelling of draught, from Middle English draught, from Old English *dreaht, *dræht, from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz, noun form of *draganą.

draft: an early version of a written work (such as a book or e-mail) or drawing; a preliminary sketch or outline for a plan.


lemang

lêmang (canonical)
lemang-lemang (plural)

From Malay lemang, from Classical Malay لمڠ (lĕmang), from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləməŋ. Cognate of Minangkabau lamang.

bersandar di lemang hangat

(literally, “leaning against a hot lemang”)

menyandang lemang hangat orang

(literally, “slinging someone else's hot lemang over the shoulder”)

pulling the chestnuts out of the fire for someone

lemang (a type of food made of glutinous rice and coconut milk baked in a length of bamboo lined with banana leaf)


dalem

From Javanese ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem), from Old Javanese dalem, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm (“inside, deep”), from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalam.
* The term is associated with the inner part of a royal compound, throughout the Malayo-Javanic cultural area. The reference to “inner” and “inner area” as related to a socially higher status (king, royal residence, and respect) in Malay, Old Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese and Sasak, which appears to be a later innovation related to with Indicized cultural concepts, the development of complex social stratification systems based on increasingly hereditary ranks that extended clan based or tribal relations and ascribed status systems, and the development of economies based on wet rice agriculture.
* The sense of term of address is a semantic loan from Sundanese ᮓᮜᮨᮙ᮪ (dalem). Compare to Javanese ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem, “a term of address for person of an aristocratic family”).

cog

Dalem Kepatihan

Dalem Mangkubumen

palace: walled-in residence compound of an aristocratic family.

Dated spelling of dalam (“inside, indoors; interior”).


kakaktua

From Malay kakaktua, from
kakak + tua (“old”) or perhaps onomatopoeic.

cockatoo (a bird of the family Cacatuidae with a curved beak and a zygodactyl foot)

(colloquial, by extension) parrot (any bird of the order Psittaciformes)


kakaktua

pincers (a gripping tool, pivoted like a pair of scissors, but with blunt jaws)


camat

chief executive officer
chief executive officer

(government) The chief executive officer in a third-level administrative division, kecamatan, in Indonesia.


perangkat pemeras

id-noun

perangkat pemeras (plural perangkat-perangkat pemeras)


kecamatan

kêcamatan (canonical)
kecamatan-kecamatan (plural)

→ English: kecamatan

Affixed of camat + ke- -an, from Javanese ꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀ (kacamatan).

(government) the third-level administrative division in Indonesia, previously Dutch onderdistrict (“subdistrict”).


lurah

* Inherited from Malay lurah (“valley; groove”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦭꦸꦫꦃ (lurah, “village chief”, literally “chief”) for the sense of a fourth-level administrative division chief executive officer (compare Old Javanese lurah (“chief, head, officer; plain, valley; ravine, depth, gorge”)).

cog

(government) The chief executive officer in a subdistrict, urbanized fourth-level administrative division, kelurahan, in Indonesia.

(Yogyakarta, government) The chief executive officer in a subdistrict, rural fourth-level administrative division, kalurahan, in Yogyakarta.


gubernur

gubêrnur (canonical)
gubernur-gubernur (plural)

→ Min Nan: 鵝蠻律 /鹅蛮律 (gô-bân-lu̍t)

From earlier East Indies Malay goepernoer, from Dutch gouverneur, from Middle Dutch gouverneur, from Middle French gouverneur, from Old French gouvreneur, from Latin gubernator.

(government) the chief executive officer of a province or provincial-level division known as a provinsi in Indonesia.

(military) The head of military education institution.


kelurahan

kêlurahan (canonical)
kelurahan-kelurahan (plural)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦼꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ (kelurahan)

Affixed lurah (“urbanized fourth-level administrative division chief executive officer”) + ke- -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ (kalurahan). Doublet of kalurahan.

bor+

A county-level division below the kecamatan government in Indonesia.


perangkat perusak

id-noun

perangkat perusak (plural perangkat-perangkat perusak)


biara

From Malay biara (“monastery”), from Old Malay vihāra (“monastery”), from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “monastery, academy”). Doublet of wihara.

der

monastery: a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).


mudarabah

From Arabic مُضَارَبَة (muḍāraba, “venture”).


konteks

From Dutch context, from Middle French contexte or Latin contextus.

the surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or settings that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.

(linguistics) the text in which a word or passage appears and which helps ascertain its meaning.


wiku

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦶꦏꦸ (wiku, “priest; monk, nun”), from Old Javanese wiku (“sage; priest; monk, nun”), from Pali bhikkhu (“beggar, Buddhist monk”), from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”). Doublet of biku and biksu.


usaha

From Malay usaha, from Classical Malay usaha, from Pali ussāha (“strength, power, energy; endeavour, good”), from Sanskrit उत्साह (utsāha).

usaha melawan

action: something done so as to accomplish a purpose.

usaha kudeta

attempt: the action of trying at something.

Usaha yang bagus, Nak.

a specific commercial enterprise or establishment.

business:
a person's occupation, work, or trade.

commercial, industrial, or professional activity.

company: any business, whether incorporated or not, that manufactures or sells products (also known as goods), or provides services as a commercial venture.

usaha dagang

usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah

micro, small, or medium-sized enterprise

usaha tani

agricultural enterprise; farming business

a company, business, organization, or other purposeful endeavor.

usaha kerjasama

an undertaking or project, especially a risky, daring or courageous one; venture

usaha bersama

(physics) a measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance

(physics, more generally) a measure of energy that is usefully extracted from a process


IMT

indeks massa tubuh
indeks massa tubuh#Indonesian

Initialism of indeks massa tubuh (“body mass index”)


chef de cuisine

id-noun

chef de cuisine (plural chef-chef de cuisine)

Unadapted borrowing from French chef de cuisine (literally “chief of (the) kitchen”).

ubor

(cooking) chef de cuisine: the main or executive chef in a restaurant.


tanggapan

(Standard Malay)


hemoptisis

From English hemoptysis, from Ancient Greek αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) + πτύσις (ptúsis, “spitting”). Compare to Dutch hemoptoë.

com

(pathology) hemoptysis, haemoptysis: expectoration (coughing up) of blood from the respiratory system.


khatulistiwa

From Malay khatulistiwa, from Arabic خط الاستواء.

der

Arabic خط الاستواء


sulang

(rough translation) a lamp, that can produce soot


tapal

Probably from Dutch de paal (“the post”); compare to Malay tapal (“border”), Malayalam തപാൽ (tapāl, “post”) and Tamil தபால் (tapāl, “post”).


tapal

From Malay tapal (“lotion”), probably from Tamil தப்பளம் (tappaḷam, “smearing; oil”). Cognate Tagalog tapal.


kuota

From English quota, from Latin quota pars; from Dutch quota, plural form of quotum; see Latin quota.

Artinya, masih ada jatah kuota 255 kursi untuk pertanian yang belum terisi di Unpad.

2009 August, “Peminat Beasiswa Gubernur Kurang”, in Pikiran Rakyat [The Thought of the People] (broadsheet), Bandung: PT. Pikiran Rakyat Bandung, archived from the original on 2022-09-04:

Meaning, there's still a quota of 255 seats for agriculture left in Unpad.


seru

From Malay seru, from Sanskrit श्रु (śru, “to listen, hear; learn”).


Nabi

Alternative letter-case form of nabi (“prophet, nabi”)


uler

From Javanese ꦲꦸꦭꦼꦂ (uler), from Old Javanese ulĕr. Doublet of ulat.

(chiefly Yogyakarta, colloquial) caterpillar


potret

Borrowed from Dutch portret, from French portrait.


asyik

From Malay asik, asyik, from Classical Malay اسيق (asik), عاشيق (asyik), from Arabic عَاشِق (ʕāšiq, “admirer, lover”).

(Islam) the person who sets his reflection and spiritual view on Allah SWT. because it is driven by love for Him and no longer afraid of death.


briptu

(law enforcement) acronym of brigadir polisi satu (“first police brigadier”) (Indonesia).


onar

Inherited from Malay onar, from Classical Malay onar, honar.


mahkamah

From Malay mahkamah, from Classical Malay mahkamah, from Arabic مَحْكَمَة (maḥkama, “court”).

the persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases.

the hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.


akhir

From Malay akhir, from Classical Malay اخير (akhir, “last”), from Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir, “last; end”).


hadiah

From Malay hadiah, from Arabic هَدِيَّة (hadiyya, “gift”).


junjung

[ˈd͡ʒun.d͡ʒʊŋ]

stick (pole, etc.) on which plants grow or twine


keajaiban

wonder, magic, astonishment, wonderment.


kesempurnaan

sebuah kesempurnaan yang terdapat di alam semesta

a perfection that is found in the universe

dia telah mencapai kesempurnaan akalnya

he has reached his perfection of mind (maturity)


penyempurna

Al-Quran adalah penyempurna Kitab-Kitab

Quran is a perfector of The Books (Book that completes all The Books)

one that perfects or completes something, perfector


penyempurnaan

penyempurnaan bangunan yang tak kunjung henti

completion of building that never reaches an end

process of making perfect, complete; perfecting, completing, completion, improvement


mangkok

→ Min Nan: 漫鍋／漫锅 (bān-ko)

Pasti kalian sudah nggak asing lagi dengan lukisan ayam jago yang ada di mangkok mie ayam atau bakso kan? Nah, beberapa waktu belakangan ini, lukisan tersebut justru bisa dilihat di apparel, seperti kaos, topi, bahkan tas.

2017 September 8, Adib Auliawan, “Dipakai Tanpa Ijin, Pemilik Lukisan Ayam Jago Mangkok Mie Ayam Geram [Used Without Permission, Owner of Rooster Painting for Chicken Noodle Bowl Furious]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-11-04:

Surely all of you are not unfamiliar anymore with the rooster paintings that are on bowls of chicken noodle soup or bakso (meatballs) right? Well, in recent times, the painting can actually be seen on apparels such as shirts, hats and even bags.

Di dalam bokor, ada lima mangkok keramik putih dan biru, diameter 12 cm. Empat mangkok dalam kondisi utuh dan satu lagi pecah.

2017 December 19, Diaz Azminatul Abidin, “Temuan Benda Kuno Disimpan di Rumah Eko [Discovery of Ancient Objects Stored at Eko Warno's House]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-11-04:

Inside the bokor (wide-sided bowl made of metal), there were five bowls made of white and blue ceramic, that are 12 cm in diameter. Four bowls were in intact condition and one more was broken.

Alternative spelling of mangkuk (“bowl”)


mangkok

Polyscias scutellaria (decorative plant with edible leaves)


palang

Reconstructed as peng- + alang, halang (“to obstruct”), from Malay palang, from Old Javanese palaṅ (“crossbeam”), pa- + alaṅ, halaṅ (“obstruct”) (compare Javanese ꦥꦭꦁ (palang, “obstacle, thwart”)). Doublet of pengalang and penghalang.


tabal

Inherited from Malay tabal (“drum; great ceremonial gathering”), from Arabic طَبْل (ṭabl, “drumming, drumbeat; drum”), from Middle Iranian *tabir, tabil (“drum”).


ketidakabadian-ketidakabadian

tidak abadi + ke- -an + tidak abadi + ke- -an


kisah

From Malay kisah, from Classical Malay kissah, from Old Malay [Term?], from Arabic قِصَّة (qiṣṣa), possibly via Persian قصه (qesse).


riwayat

From Malay riwayat, from Classical Malay riwayat, from Arabic رِوَايَة (riwāya, “novel, story”).

der

riwayat penyakit sekarang

(medicine) history: a list of past and continuing medical conditions of an individual or family.


dahak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahak. Cognate of Tagalog dahak.


kompiler

From Dutch compiler, from Old French compileur, from Latin compīlātōrem, accusative singular of compīlātor, from compīlō + -tor.

(software compilation) A computer program which transforms source code into object code.


kelenjar

(zoology) a specialized cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin in the human or animal body that synthesizes a chemical substance, such as hormones or breast milk, and releases it, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland)

(anatomy) a structure resembling a gland, especially a lymph node

(botany) a secretory structure on the surface of an organ


laring

From Dutch larynx, from Modern Latin larynx, from Ancient Greek λάρυγξ (lárunx, “larynx; windpipe; gullet, throat”).


aib

From Malay aib,
from Classical Malay عاءيب (aib), from Arabic عَيْب (ʕayb, “disgrace, shame”).


mahar

From Arabic مَهْر (mahr, “marriage portion”), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mithra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Doublet of mitra and mohor.

dowry, marriage settlement, marriage portion


tapak

sole: the bottom or plantar surface of the foot.

palm: the inner and somewhat concave part of the human hand that extends from the wrist to the bases of the fingers.


tadi

Tadi ia duduk di sini.

Sejak tadi ia sudah kuperingatkan; dari tadi ia belum duduk

I've reminded him since a moment ago; he has not sat down yet

Malam tadi; pagi tadi; siang tadi

This evening; this morning; this afternoon

this (the time that is close with now, and not in the future):


nahu

From Malay nahu, from Arabic نَحْو (naḥw).


tilang

Blend of bukti (“evidence”) + pelanggaran (“violation”).

blend

(law) citation, traffic violation ticket, or notice to appear.


selter

sèltêr (canonical)
selter-selter (plural)

From English shelter, from Middle English sheltron, sheldtrume (“roof or wall formed by locked shields”), from Old English sċildtruma, sċyldtruma (“a phalanx, company (of troops), a tortoise, a covering, shed, shelter”, literally “shield-troop”), from sċyld, sċield (“shield”) + truma (“a troop of soldiers”).


tatal

From Malay tatal, from Classical Malay تاتل (tatal), from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tatal.
Or alternatively from Tamil தடல் (taṭal, “flake, peel, splinter”).

der

wood chips that are laid (crushed); thin trash.


hanacaraka

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦤꦕꦫꦏ (hanacaraka).

the traditional arrangement of the letters of the Javanese and Balinese scripts.


yakiniku

From Japanese 焼肉(やきにく) (yakiniku, literally “grilled meat”).

ja-r

(cooking) yakiniku: a style of cooking bite-size meat (usually beef and offal) and vegetables on gridirons or griddles over a flame of wood charcoals carbonized by dry distillation (sumibi, 炭火) or a gas/electric grill.


langkah

From Malay langkah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋkaq (compare Niuean laka, Samoan laʻa).

pace: an advance or movement made from one foot to the other.

the space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running.

a distinct part of a process; stage; phase.

motor dua langkah


jentik

jêntik (canonical)
jentik-jentik (plural)

[d͡ʒənˈtɪk̚]


jentik

[d͡ʒənˈtɪk̚]


jentik

[d͡ʒənˈtɪk̚]


kutu buku

From kutu (“louse”) + buku (“book”), probably calque from Chinese 書蟲／书虫 (shūchóng, “bookworm”, literally “book + insect/bug”).


bunga matahari

Compound of bunga (“flower”) + matahari (“sun”), inherited from Malay bunga matahari.


tutup

Inherited from Malay tutup, from Proto-Malayic *tutup, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutup.
Cognates
Cognate with Javanese tutup, Minangkabau tutuik, Tagalog tutop.

cover (the front and back of a book, magazine, CD package, etc.)


eau de cologne

Unadapted borrowing from French eau de Cologne.

ubor

cologne (a type of perfume consisting of 2-5% essential oils, 70-90% alcohol and water)


simpulan

Affixed simpul (“knot”) + -an.
* Inherited from Malay simpulan (“knot”).
* Sense of conclusion, semantic loan from Chinese 結論／结论 (“conclusion”, literally “knot, to bear + measure, to bind”).

zh-l

(Standard Malay)


bubur

From Malay bubur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀbuʀ.

(cooking, literally) congee; gruel; porridge


jaya

From Malay jaya,
from Classical Malay jaya, from Sanskrit जय (jaya, “victory”).


RPL

(education) Initialism of rekognisi pembelajaran lampau (“recognition of prior learning”).

rekayasa perangkat lunak
rekayasa perangkat lunak#Indonesian

(computing, engineering) Initialism of rekayasa perangkat lunak (“software engineering”).


pemimpin

From Malay pemimpin, from Classical Malay pemimpin. Equivalent to peng- + pimpin.


kambing hitam

id-noun

kambing hitam (plural kambing-kambing hitam)

Compound of kambing (“goat”) + hitam (“black”), Literally "black goat".


balok

From Javanese ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok), from Dutch balk. Doublet of balak.

block: a substantial, often approximately cuboid, piece of any substance.

(forestry) log: the trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches; any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc.

(geometry) cuboid: a parallelepiped having six rectangular faces.

board:
(sports) takeoff board of long jump.

(civil engineering) any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.

(sports) balance beam: a gymnastics apparatus, a narrow wooden rail used in artistic (athletic) gymnastics.

(military, colloquial) epaulet, epaulette, shoulder board: an ornamentation, worn on the shoulders of a military uniform, as a sign of rank.

the unit of measurement for opium weight of 1,030 kg


sipahi

From Hindustani (Urdu سپاہی (sipāhī) or Hindi सिपाही (sipāhī)), from Classical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī, “soldier, horseman”), from سِپَاه (“army”), from Middle Persian spʾh or 𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧 (spāh), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *ćwáHdaH.

der

sepoy, a native soldier of the East Indies (Indian subcontinent).


maksud

Inherited from Malay maksud, from Arabic مَقْصُود (maqṣūd, “aim, intention, purpose”). The sense in law was coined by Indonesian lecturer P.A.F Lamintang to translate Dutch voornemen.


siomai

shumai, a traditional steamed Chinese dumpling.


adib

author, writer, litterateur, man of letters


abad keemasan

head

abad keemasan (plural abad-abad keemasan)

From abad (“century, age”) + keemasan (“golden”). Calque of Dutch gouden eeuw.


dubes

(government, politics) acronym of duta besar (“ambassador”).


abnus

From Malay abnus, from Classical Malay ابنوس (abnus), from Arabic أَبْنُوس (ʔabnūs, “ebony”).


infak

From Malay infak,
from Arabic إِنْفَاق (ʔinfāq, “outlay, expense, expenditure”).


sedekah

From Malay sedekah,
from Classical Malay sedekah, from Arabic صَدَقَة (ṣadaqa, “alms, charity”).

slametan: a (Javanese) communal feast, held to celebrate numerous types of event.


pernyataan

Affixed nyata + per- -an. Attested before 1939.

pernyataan pemerintah


kenyataan

kenyataan-kenyataan yang tak mungkin terhindar

realities that are impossible to be avoided


abstrak

From Dutch abstract, from Middle French abstract, from Latin abstractus.


pahlawan

From Malay pahlawan,
from Classical Malay pahlawan, from Persian پهلوان (pahlavân, “hero, paladin”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /Parθavaʰ/, “Parthia”).

hero, patriot, a strong and brave warrior


mabes

Acronym of markas besar (“headquarters”): HQ


kismis

From Malay kismis (“raisin”), from Classical Persian کشمش (kišmiš, “raisin”).


talkin

(Islam) talqin, the shahada that is whispered to someone that about to die or recited for the recently buried


khayal

From Malay khayal,
from Classical Malay khayal, from Arabic خَيَال (ḵayāl, “imagination; fiction”).

chajal

van Ophuijsen (1901–1947); Republik/Soewandi (1947–1972)


ladang

field
An unirrigated land used to grow crops;

(geology) A region containing a particular mineral.


wajik

From Malay wajik, from Classical Malay wajik.

wajik: Indonesian and Malaysian diamond-shaped traditional snack.

(expansion, card games) diamond: a card of the diamonds suit.


pewarna

pêwarna (canonical)
pewarna-pewarna (plural)

Pewarna alami.

stain (a reagent or dye used to stain microscope specimens so as to make some structures visible)


kelainan

Affixed lain + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kelainan.

Kelainan bawaan.


penghamilan

impregnation (the act of making pregnant; fertilization)


penghasilan

income, earnings (money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others)


gizi

From Arabic غِذَاء (ḡiḏāʔ, “nourishment, sustenance, aliment, nutrition, food”).
Coined by Indonesian nutritionist Poorwo Soedarmo 1950s.

coinage

bergizi

to contain nutrition, to have nutrition, to be nutritious


kebiasaan

Kebiasaan buruk.


kekalahan

defeat (the act or instance of being defeated, of being overcome or vanquished; a loss)


hasil

From Malay hasil, from Arabic حَاصِل (ḥāṣil, “end, conclusion; score, sum, total”).

der

result (fruit, beneficial or tangible effect)

output (production; quantity produced, created, or completed)


umpama

Inherited from Malay umpama, from Pali upamā (“simile, parable, comparison”), from Sanskrit उपमा (upamā).


pemanfaatan

pêmanfaatan (canonical)
pemanfaatan-pemanfaatan (plural)

utilisation (act or process of making useful)


manfaat

From Malay manfaat,
from Classical Malay manfaat, from Arabic مَنْفَعَة (manfaʕa, “usefulness; advantage”).


kemungkinan

the probability of a specified outcome; the chance of something happening; probability; the state or degree of being probable.

(statistics) the probability that some fixed outcome was generated by a random distribution with a specific parameter.

(mathematics) odds: the ratio of the probability of an event happening to that of it not happening.


kempa

From Sanskrit कम्प (kampa, “tremor, shaking, quake”). Doublet of gempa.


khianat

From Malay khianat, from Classical Malay خيانة (khianat), from Arabic خِيَانَة (ḵiyāna).


tunggak

stump, treestump (the remains of a tree that has been cut of)


vikariat

(Catholicism) vicariate, the office or authority of a vicar.


SHM

sertifikat hak milik
sertifikat hak milik#Indonesian

(government) Initialism of sertifikat hak milik.


sadu

From Malay sadu, from Pali sādhu (“well”), from Sanskrit साधु (sādhu, “well, proper”).
* Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sādhu (“sadhu: holy man, saint, sage, seer”).

lbor

(Hinduism) sadhu: a holy man, saint, sage, seer.


ambuh

(dialect) waste or pile of sand and stones in the gold extraction.


laskar

* From Malay lasykar, from Classical Malay lasykar,
** Rebracketing of Arabic العسكر (al-ʕaskar), or
** from Classical Persian لشکر (laškar). Doublet of askar.


adicita

From adi- (“excellent, exquisite, fine, eminent”) + cita (“aspire”).

pre

(especially of Java, archaic) Synonym of ideologi (“ideology”)


anggara

From Toba Batak [Term?], from Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra, “Mangala, god of war”), see previous etymology.

der

The third day of the month in the Batak Toba calendar.


ahkam

From Malay ahkam, from Classical Malay هكم (ahkam), from Arabic أَحْكَام (ʔaḥkām), plural of حُكْم (ḥukm).

Arabic أَحْكَام (ʔaḥkām)


lontong

a kind of rice cake, wrapped inside a banana leaf, then boiled until cooked, served as staple food


lontong

a type of belt in Javanese traditional clothing


pasukan

Affixed pasuk + -an, from Malay pasukan, from Classical Malay pasukan.


mukim

From Malay mukim, from Arabic مُقيم (muqīm).

permanent resident
permanent resident in Mecca.

area, administrative subdivision
area served by a mosque.

an administrative subdivision in Aceh, the subdivision of kecamatan, which is divided into gampong (kelurahan).

(dialect) area with several kampung of Gayonese people.


getar

Inherited from Malay getar, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *gt₁ar (“to shiver”).


avokad

Borrowed from Dutch avocado, from American Spanish avocado, altered —by folk-etymological association with abogado (“lawyer”)— from the earlier aguacate, which comes from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl (“avocado”).


terung

Inherited from Malay terung (compare to Javanese ꦠꦺꦫꦺꦴꦁ (térong)), ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁rɗuŋ, *d₁rɗuəŋ (“egg-plant, bottle-gourd”).

(formal or dialectal) Alternative form of terong (“eggplant, aubergine”)


sekar

From Javanese ꦱꦼꦏꦂ (sekar, “flower”), from Old Javanese sĕkar (“flower, blooming”). Cognate of Indonesian mekar (“blooming”).


kulit pisang

id-noun

kulit pisang (plural kulit-kulit pisang)


kulit kacang

kulit kacang (plural kulit-kulit kacang)


kulit kerang

kulit kerang (plural kulit-kulit kerang)


anak piatu

maternal orphan: a person, especially a minor, whose mother have died.


anak yatim piatu

anak yatim piatu (plural anak-anak yatim piatu)

double orphan: a person, especially a minor, whose both of parents have died; orphan.


dokter hewan

Calque of Dutch dierenarts (“veterinarian”), from dokter (“physician”) + hewan (“animal”).


uang saku

Carried money for necessities at any time; pocket money.


busung lapar

Compound of busung (“inflated”) + lapar (“hungry”), calque of Dutch hongeroedeem.

(pathology) kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition, found in children, caused by dietary insufficiency of protein in combination with a high carbohydrate diet.


jam malam

Compound of jam (“clock”) + malam (“evening, night”), calque of Dutch avondklok (“curfew; evening bell”, literally “evening bell/clock”).


kuda nil

Compound of kuda (“horse”) + nil (“Nile river”), calque of Dutch nijlpaard.

Kuda nil agak berisik dan senantiasa memperdengarkan suara menggeram yang terutama menyebar jauh di atas air.

1988, Ensiklopedi Indonesia. Seri fauna: Serangga, page 421:

The hippopotamus is somewhat loud and always hears sounds growling from far on the water.


ulangan

From Malay ulangan. Equivalent to ulang + -an. Examination sense is a semantic loan from Dutch repetitie.

(in primary and secondary education only) an examination, during the academic term.

(statistics) replication: the repetition of a test or complete experiment


pinjam terjemah

id-noun

pinjam terjemah (plural pinjam-pinjam terjemah)

Compound of pinjam (“borrow”) + terjemah (“translate”), calque of Dutch leenvertaling.

com

Kata "sepeda motor" adalah kata pinjam terjemah dari bahasa Belanda "motorfiets".

The word "sepeda motor" is a calque of the Dutch "motorfiets".

(linguistics) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.


bilangan kuantum

id-noun

bilangan kuantum (plural bilangan-bilangan kuantum)


adiabatik

(physics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, chemistry) adiabatic.


jarak pumpun

jarak pumpun (plural jarak-jarak pumpun)

Compound of jarak (“distance”) + pumpun (“focus”), literally “focal distance”, calque of English focal length.

compound

(optics) synonym of jarak fokus (“focal length”)


mekanika kuantum

id-noun

mèkanika kuantum (plural mekanika-mekanika kuantum)

mèkanika kuantum (canonical)
mekanika-mekanika kuantum (plural)

Compound of mèkanika + kuantum, from English quantum mechanics.

quantum mechanics
quantum mechanics#English


alamat

Inherited from Malay alamat,
from Classical Malay علامت (alamat, “sign”), from Arabic عَلَامَة (ʕalāma).


orbital molekul

orbital molekul (plural orbital-orbital molekul)

molecular orbital
molecular orbital#English

(quantum mechanics, chemistry) molecular orbital.


himpunan

Affixed himpun + -an.
* Sense in set theory is semantic loan from Dutch verzameling (“set”, literally “collection”).

sl

himpunan transformasi bujur-sangkar Latin

(anthropology) a collection of things which have been gathered together or assembled.

(archaeology) a group of different artifacts found in association with one another.

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics, set theory) set: a collection of zero or more objects, possibly infinite in size, and disregarding any order or repetition of the objects which may be contained within it.


akar kuadrat

Compound of akar (“root”) + kuadrat (“square”), calque of Dutch kwadraatwortel (“square root”).


gabungan

Affixed gabung + -an, inherited from Malay gabungan.

combined, joint, consolidated, collective, composite.

alliance, federation, consolidation, merger, fusion, community.

That which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a consolidated body; a league.

(Standard Malay)

(set theory) The set containing all of the elements of two or more sets.


singkapan

* From singkap + -an.
* The sense “outcrop” is a semantic loan from English outcrop.


daerah imbuhan

id-noun

daerah imbuhan (plural daerah-daerah imbuhan)


daerah lepasan

daerah lepasan (plural daerah-daerah lepasan)


akuifer bebas

akuifer bebas (plural akuifer-akuifer bebas)

Compound of akuifer (“aquifer”) + bebas (“free”), literally “free aquifer”, calque from Japanese 自由地下水(じゆうちかすい) (jiyūchikasui, literally “free underground water”).


air tanah

Compound of air (“water”) + tanah (“ground”), from calque of English groundwater or Dutch grondwater.

(geology) groundwater: Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers.


akuifer tertekan

id-noun

akuifer tertekan (plural akuifer-akuifer tertekan)

Compound of akuifer (“aquifer”) + tertekan, literally “pressed aquifer”, calque from Japanese 被圧地下水(ひあつちかすい) (hiatsuchikasui, literally “pressed underground water”).


petromaks

Genericization of the trademark Petromax.


nasi uduk

Compound of nasi (“cooked rice”) + uduk (“savoury, fatty”).

com

(cooking) nasi uduk: An Indonesian dish of rice cooked in coconut milk with spices.


selamatan

sêlamatan (canonical)
selamatan-selamatan (plural)

Affixed selamat + -an, from Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦭꦩꦼꦠꦤ꧀ (slametan).

slametan: a (Javanese) communal feast, held to celebrate numerous types of event.


karak

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫꦏ꧀ (karak). Doublet of kerak (“crust”).


sahara

From Arabic صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā), plural of صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ).

bor

Arabic صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā)


sarekat

From Javanese ꦱꦫꦺꦏꦠ꧀ (sarékat), from Arabic شَرِكَة (šarika). Doublet of serikat.


relaas

(law) summons: a notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness.


residensi

Affixed residen + -si, from Dutch residentie.

the condition of being a resident of a particular place.

the home or residence of a person, especially in the colonies; an administrative division of former British Empire and the Dutch East Indies (residentie), which were headed by a resident.

(healthcare) the position or term of a medical resident.


daster

dastêr (canonical)
daster-daster (plural)

duster (a type of loose dress worn at home)


petani

pêtani (canonical)
petani-petani (plural)

Affixed per- + tani, from Malay petani, from Classical Malay petani.


bubut

Inherited from Malay bubut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butbut (“owl”).

coucal (any bird of the genus Centropus in the cuckoo family Cuculidae)


bubut

Inherited from Malay bubut (“throat halyard”).


surat izin mengemudi

id-noun

surat izin mengemudi (plural surat-surat izin mengemudi)

Compound of surat izin (“permit”) + mengemudi (“to drive”), literally “driving permit”. First attested in 1965. Compare to Japanese 運転免許証(うんてんめんきょしょう) (untenmenkyoshō, “driver's license”, literally “driving license (permit proof)”) and its Japanese occupation period equivalent Indonesian soerat izin mengemoedikan auto.

cog

driver's license, driving licence, driver's licence


nakes

tenaga kesehatan
tenaga kesehatan#Indonesian

Acronym of tenaga kesehatan (“health worker, healthcare worker”).


rebewes

rébêwés (canonical)
rebewes-rebewes (plural)


pengaya

peng- + kaya, literally "something used to enrich", "enricher".

Materi ini bisa digunakan sebagai pengaya bahan ajar.

This content can be used as a supplement to teaching materials.


keluku

(computing, neologism, rare) thumbnail (a miniature preview of a larger image)


beranda

bêranda (canonical)
beranda-beranda (plural)

From Dutch veranda, from English veranda, from Hindi बरामदा (barāmdā), from Portuguese varanda.


pertumbuhan

pêrtumbuhan (canonical)
pertumbuhan-pertumbuhan (plural)


penerima

(medicine) An individual receiving donor organs or tissues.

(chemistry) The portion of an alembic or other still in which the distilled liquid is collected.

(chemistry) An atom or molecule which can accept an electron to form a chemical bond.

(biochemistry) A transfer RNA molecule that can accept a specific amino acid

(physics) A chemical acceptor atom forming a positive hole in a semiconductor

finite-state machine
finite-state machine

(computing theory) A kind of finite-state machine whose binary output indicates whether or not a received input was accepted.

(chemistry) A vessel for receiving and holding the products of distillation, or for containing gases.

Any of several electronic devices that receive electromagnetic waves, or signals transmitted as such.

consignee: the person to whom a shipment is to be delivered.


elektabilitas

èlèktabilitas (canonical)
elektabilitas-elektabilitas (plural)


putaran

(physics, chemistry, mathematics, medicine) rotation.


sudra

Borrowed from Sanskrit शूद्र (śūdra), a variant of क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, diminutive”).

(uncountable) the Hindu varna (caste) composing workers

(countable) a member of the Hindu varna composing workers.


penyidik

(law) An officer (police or civil servant) who investigates; investigator.


penuntut umum

id-noun

penuntut umum (plural penuntut-penuntut umum)

public prosecutor
public prosecutor#English


praperadilan

prapêradilan (canonical)
praperadilan-praperadilan (plural)


kesimpulan

From Malay kesimpulan. Reconstructed as simpul + ke- -an.


terwelu

têrwèlu (canonical)
terwelu-terwelu (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese truwèlu, from Portuguese coelho. Doublet of kelinci and kuilu.


pesawat sederhana

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) + sederhana (“simple”), calque of Dutch eenvoudige machine (“simple machine”).

calque

(physics, engineering) simple machine: a device that only requires the application of a single force to work.


kuliah kerja nyata

Compound of kuliah (“lecture”) + kerja (“work”) + nyata (“real”).


lengan beban

id-noun

lengan beban (plural lengan-lengan beban)


lengan kuasa

lengan kuasa (plural lengan-lengan kuasa)

Calque of English effort arm or Calque of Dutch machtarm (“effort arm”)


pesawat terbang

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) + terbang (“fly”), calque of Dutch vliegtuig (“aeroplane”, literally “to fly + device”).


swafoto

Affixed swa- + foto, from English selfie.


apang

(cooking) alternative form of apam (“appam”).


paparan benua

id-noun

paparan benua (plural paparan-paparan benua)

continental shelf
continental shelf#English


hukum pidana

Compound of hukum (“law”) + pidana (“crime”, literally “punishment”), calque of Dutch strafrecht (“criminal law”, literally “punishment law”). Coined in between 1942 and 1945.


uang pesangon

id-noun

uang pesangon (plural uang-uang pesangon)


tersangka

(law) suspect: a person who is suspected of committing a crime.


wanprestasi

Borrowed from Dutch wanprestatie (“non-performance, breach of contract”).

bor+

(law, finance) default (The condition of failing to meet an obligation)

Itulah sebabnya, baik wanprestasi maupun perbuatan melawan hukum merupakan dasar untuk menuntut tanggung jawab perusahaan penilai.

2004, Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, volume 23, page 110:

That is why, both breach and act against the law are fundamental for holding the appraisal company to account.


pidana

From Javanese ꦥꦶꦢꦤ (pidana, “court punishment”), from Old Javanese pīḍana (“pressing or squeezing; of oppressing, paining, afflicting”), from Sanskrit पीडन (pīḍana, “press, suppress”). Semantic loan from Dutch strafrecht (“criminal law”, literally “punishment law”) as Dutch straf (“punishment, penalty, sanction”).

cog

(law) crime: a specific act committed in violation of the law.

(Standard Malay)


perbuatan melawan hukum

id-noun

perbuatan melawan hukum (plural perbuatan-perbuatan melawan hukum)

perbuatan-perbuatan melawan hukum (plural)


hukum perdata

Compound of hukum (“law”) + perdata (“civil (law)”), calque of Dutch burgerlijk recht (“civil law”). Coined by Indonesian sociologist M.M. Djojodigoeno.


senyawa kimia

id-noun

senyawa kimia (plural senyawa-senyawa kimia)

senyawa (“compound”) + kimia (“chemistry”)

compound

chemical compound
chemical compound#English


senyawa

sênyawa (canonical)
senyawa-senyawa (plural)

Affixed se- + nyawa. Semantic loan from Dutch samengesteld (“compound”, literally “together + to stand”) for compound (chemistry) sense. Attested before 1971.

sl

has become a meaning (of compound words)

has become a substance (of the chemical element)

(chemistry) compound: a substance formed by chemical union of two or more ingredients in definite proportions by weight.


mahkota

From Malay mahkota (compare Javanese ꦩꦏꦸꦛ (makutha)), from Pali makuṭa, from a Dravidian term (compare Tamil முகடு (mukaṭu), Sanskrit मुकुट (mukuṭa, “crown”)).

memahkotai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(literal) diadem: a royal, imperial or princely headdress.

(metonymically) king: the sovereign (in a monarchy), as head of state.

imperial or regal power, or those who wield it.

(botany) ellipsis of mahkota bunga (“petal, corolla”).


rumus

From Malay rumus, from Arabic رُمُوز (rumūz), plural of رَمْز (ramz, “cipher, code”).

(biology, chemistry, linguistics, literature, physics) formula


jenderal

Borrowed from Dutch generaal, from French général, from Old French general, from Latin generālis.


kompi

From dialectal Dutch compagnie, from Middle Dutch compangie, from Old French compagnie, from Latin [Term?]. Compare to Petjo compies. Doublet of kompeni.

(military) company: a unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion.


peramban web

id-noun

peramban web (plural peramban-peramban web)

peramban + web, Calque of English web browser.


penjelajah

peng- + jelajah (“to explore; to cruise”).


penjelajah web

id-noun

penjelajah web (plural penjelajah-penjelajah web)


FPB

faktor persekutuan terbesar
faktor persekutuan terbesar#Indonesian

Initialism of faktor persekutuan terbesar.


terpidana

têrpidana (canonical)
terpidana-terpidana (plural)

(law) convict: a person convicted of a crime by a judicial body with permanent legal force


kelipatan persekutuan terkecil

kelipatan persekutuan terkecil (uncountable)

least common multiple
least common multiple


narapidana

nara- + pidana. Coined by Indonesian politician Sahardjo. Replaced orang hukuman.

coinage

correctional facility
correctional facility

(law) prisoner: a convict (terpidana) incarcerated in a correctional facility, serving a sentence.


BPK

(cooking) Initialism of Babi Panggang Karo.


lembaga pemasyarakatan

id-noun

lembaga pemasyarakatan (plural lembaga-lembaga pemasyarakatan)

Compound of lembaga (“institution”) + pemasyarakatan (“integration to society”). Coined by Indonesian politician Sahardjo.

compound

correctional institution
correctional institution

(law, euphemistic) correctional institution; correctional facility; penitentiary


KPK

(mathematics) Initialism of kelipatan persekutuan terkecil.


politisi

Borrowed from Dutch politici, the plural form of politicus.


undang-undang

Reduplication of undang, inherited from Malay undang-undang,
from Classical Malay undang. Semantic loan from Dutch ordonnantie for legal regulation sense.

(law) legislation: law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body.

(Standard Malay)

act of parliament: a law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament.

a binding regulation or custom established in a community in this way.


gatra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦠꦿ (gatra), from Sanskrit गात्र (gātra, “body”).

(uncommon) manifestation (the embodiment of an intangible, or variable thing)

(linguistics) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding

the way something appears when viewed from a certain direction or perspective


tanggal

From Malay tanggal (“to fall off”), from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal (“unfastened, detached”).
* For the sense of date (day and month), a semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀ (tanggal, “date, beginning of the lunar month”), from Old Javanese taṅgal (“waxing (of the moon), first half of the lunar month”), probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal (“unfastened, detached”), refers to the new moon which moon is detached from the night sky.

der

(Standard Malay)


AJB

akta jual beli
akta jual beli#Indonesian


PDH

pakaian dinas harian
pakaian dinas harian#Indonesian


aiptu

(law enforcement) acronym of ajun inspektur polisi satu (Indonesia).


busi

From Dutch bougie, from French bougie (“spark plug, candle”), ultimately from French Bougie, the historical French name for the Algerian town of Béjaïa.


alpukat

Audio

Inherited from Dutch East Indies Malay, there are several possibilities:
* influenced from an archaic word of Sundanese alpoekat (“advocate”), from Dutch advocaat (“attorney, lawyer”)
* from Arabic الْأَفُوكَاتَة (al-ʔafūkāta, “avocado”), a variant of أفوكادو
* from corruption of Dutch avocado (“avocado”).

الْأَفُوكَاتَة

the large, usually yellowish-green or black, savory fruit of the avocado tree

Persea americana
Persea americana#Translingual

the avocado tree, Persea americana, of the laurel family


cabor

Acronym of cabang olahraga (“discipline”).


antesis

From English anthesis, from Ancient Greek ἄνθησις (ánthēsis, “flowering”).


BLU

badan layanan umum
badan layanan umum#Indonesian


APBN

anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara#Indonesian

(finance, government) Initialism of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara (“national government budget”).


APBD

anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah.


ADK

(finance) Initialism of arsip data komputer (“computer data archive”).


APD

aplikasi penarikan dana
aplikasi penarikan dana#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of aplikasi penarikan dana.

alat pelindung diri
alat pelindung diri#Indonesian

personal protective equipment
personal protective equipment

Initialism of alat pelindung diri (“personal protective equipment”)


perunggu

pêrunggu (canonical)
perunggu-perunggu (plural)

A naturally occurring or man-made alloy of copper, usually in combination with tin, but also with one or more other metals.

perunggu:

A reddish-brown colour, the colour of bronze.


kemenkeu

kementerian keuangan
kementerian keuangan#Indonesian


menkeu

menteri keuangan
menteri keuangan#Indonesian


kementerian keuangan

id-noun

kementerian keuangan (plural kementerian-kementerian keuangan)


mendag

menteri perdagangan
menteri perdagangan#Indonesian


menteri keuangan

mêntêri kêuangan (plural menteri-menteri keuangan or para menteri keuangan)

mêntêri kêuangan (canonical)
menteri-menteri keuangan (plural)
para menteri keuangan (plural)


menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan

menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan (plural menteri-menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan)

minister of education and culture
minister of education and culture


kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan

kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan (plural kementerian-kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan)

ministry of education and culture
ministry of education and culture


kemendag

kementerian perdagangan
kementerian perdagangan#Indonesian


kementerian

kêmêntêrian (canonical)
kementerian-kementerian (plural)

Affixed of menteri + ke- -an. Doublet of kemantren.

(government) ministration, the act of ministering.

ministry,
ministration, the act of ministering.

(government) government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister (or equivalent rank, e.g. secretary of state), who holds it as portfolio, especially in a constitutional monarchy, but also as a polity.

ministership: the position held by a minister.


putra mahkota

putra mahkota (plural putra-putra mahkota)


kata sandi

From compound of kata (“word”) + sandi (“code”), from calque of Dutch codewoord (“codeword, password”).

clq

(computing) password: a string of characters used to log in to a computer or network, to access a level in a video game, etc.


tahniah

From through Malay tahniah, from Arabic تَهْنِئَة (tahniʔa, “congratulation”).

der

(Islam) words or expressions of congratulations, felicitations


beasiswa

béasiswa (canonical)
beasiswa-beasiswa (plural)

Compound of bea (“expense”) + siswa (“student”).

(education) scholarship, a grant-in-aid to a student.

(education) bursary: a monetary award to university students that allows them to continue their studies.


hak cipta

Compound of hak (“right”) + cipta (“intellectual”). Coined by Indonesian Soetan Mohammad Sjah in 1951. Replaced hak pengarang.


Zuhur

From earlier Lohor, from Malay Lohor,
Zohor, Zuhur, from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).


mangsa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mems-
Proto-Indo-European *mḗmsder.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám
Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa)bor.
Malay mangsa
Indonesian mangsa
From Malay mangsa (“victim, corpse”), from Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa, “flesh”).

etymon

that which is or may be seized by animals to be devoured.

prey
a person or thing given up as a victim.

a living thing, usually an animal, that is eaten by another living thing.


hipospadia

Affixed hipo- + *spadia, from English hypospadias, from Ancient Greek ὑποσπαδίᾱς (hupospadíās, “one who has the orifice of the urethra too low”).

der

(pathology) hypospadias: a congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.


tabernakel

tabêrnakêl (canonical)
tabernakel-tabernakel (plural)

From Dutch tabernakel, from Middle Dutch tabernakel, from Latin tabernaculum, diminutive of taberna.

(Catholicism) A small ornamented cupboard or box used for the reserved sacrament of the Eucharist, normally located in an especially prominent place in a Roman Catholic church.

(Jewish) The portable tent used before the construction of the temple, where the shekinah (presence of God) was believed to dwell.

(Jewish) The Jewish Temple at Jerusalem (as continuing the functions of the earlier tabernacle).


zuhur

From earlier lohor, from Malay lohor, zohor, zuhur, from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).


pemilik

Affixed
peng- + milik, from Malay pemilik.


sengsara

From Malay sengsara, from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra, “course”).


sesar

Inherited from Malay sesar.
* The sense “fault” probably is a semantic loan from Japanese ずれ (zure, “slippage, a gap, shear”), a synonym of 斷層(だんそう) (dansō, “fault”, literally “gap”).

ja-r

(seismology) fault: A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.


pencari

finder; searcher; seeker (one who does one of, or more than one of those actions)


hipotesis

Affixed hipo- + tesis, from learned borrowing from Late Latin hypothesis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis, “base, basis of an argument, supposition”, literally “a placing under”), itself from ὑποτίθημι (hupotíthēmi, “I set before, suggest”), from ὑπό (hupó, “below”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”).


naskah

Inherited from Malay naskah, naskhah (Standard Malay naskhah), from Arabic نُسْخَة (nusḵa). Semantic loan from Dutch handschrift.

A book, composition or any other document, written by hand (or manually typewritten), not mechanically reproduced.

A single, original copy of a book, article, composition etc, written by hand or even printed, submitted as original for (copy-editing and) reproductive publication.

draft: an early version of a written work.

(journalism) the text that is to be typeset.

(journalism) the text of newspaper articles.

a printed edition of a book or magazine.


kapolri

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.


kapolsek

kepolisian sektor
kepolisian sektor#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepala kepolisian sektor.


kapolres

kepolisian resor
kepolisian resor#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepala kepolisian resor.


polsek

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian sektor.


kajur

(education) Acronym of ketua jurusan (“department head”).


polres

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian resor.


kaprodi

(education) Acronym of ketua program studi (“head of program”).

(education) Acronym of kepala program studi (“head of program”).


kodam

(military) acronym of komando daerah militer (“military region command”) (Indonesia).


pangdam

komando daerah militer
komando daerah militer#Indonesian

(military) acronym of panglima komando daerah militer (“military region commander”) (Indonesia).


akuarium

Borrowed from Dutch aquarium, from Latin aquārium (compare Malay akuarium).


begawan

From Malay begawan, from Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān).

(figurative) cornerstone person in a subject.


dusun

(government) division of administrative areas in Indonesia which are located under sub-districts or villages


duku

→ Dutch: doekoe

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual


wacana

→ Malay: wacana

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦕꦤ (wacana, “word; commandment; speech; to speak, to talk”), from Old Javanese wacana (“speech, word; sound, voice; teaching”), from Sanskrit वचन (vacana).

der

exposition the act or process of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing; an essay or speech in which any topic is discussed in detail.


bangsi

(dialectal) Synonym of seruling (“flute”)


takhta

From Malay takhta (“throne”), from Persian تختها (taxt-hâ, plural).


pelanduk

pĕlanduk (canonical)
pelanduk-pelanduk (plural)

From Malay pelanduk, from Classical Malay pelanduk (“mousedeer”).


angkin

From Betawi angkin or Malay angkin, from Hokkien 紅裙 /红裙.


pemandu

From Malay pemandu. Equivalent to peng- + pandu

guider (someone who guides, especially someone hired to show people around a place or an institution and offer information and explanation)

guide:
guidepost (a sign that guides people)


pekerja

Affixed per- + kerja, inherited from Malay pekerja.


pembeli

From Malay pembeli,
from Classical Malay pembeli. Equivalent to peng- + beli.

A person who purchases; buyer; customer; purchaser.


sundari

From Sanskrit सुन्दरी (sundarī, “beautiful”).

(music) sundari: a double-reed wind instrument with seven to nine holes, related to the shehnai.


saputangan

Compound of sapu + tangan, inherited from Malay saputangan. Compare to Japanese 手拭(てぬぐ)い (tenugui, “hand towel, washcloth, handkerchief, bandana”, literally “hand wiper”).


nikmat

From Malay nikmat, from Arabic نِعْمَة (niʕma).


kelicuk

A Rejangese pastry, made from glutinous rice and banana and usually wrapped like a cone with banana leaf.


biduan

From Malay biduan, from Sanskrit विद्वान् (vidvān, “wise man”). Doublet of bidan.


dahaga

From Malay dahaga (“thirsty”), from Sanskrit दाहक (dāhaka, “burning, setting on fire”).


dahaga

From Sanskrit द्रोह (droha, “rebellion, discrimination”) + Sanskrit -क (-ka). Compare to Malay dahagi.


keamanan

Inherited from Malay keamanan. Equivalent to aman + ke- -an.

(uncountable) safeness (the quality or state of being safe)

(uncountable) the condition or feeling of being safe

safety
the condition or feeling of being safe

(mechanics) a mechanism on a weapon or dangerous equipment designed to prevent accidental firing

(uncountable) secureness (the quality or state of being secure)

(uncountable) the condition of not being threatened, especially physically, psychologically, emotionally, or financially

an organization or department responsible for providing security by enforcing laws, rules, and regulations as well as maintaining order


senarai

sênarai (canonical)
senarai-senarai (plural)


tilam

mattress (a pad on which a person can recline and sleep)


kejayaan

kêjayaan (canonical)
kejayaan-kejayaan (plural)


kemeja

From Malay kemeja, from Portuguese camisa, from Old Galician-Portuguese camisa (“shirt”), from Late Latin camisia (“shirt”), from Transalpine Gaulish, of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją (“clothes, shirt, skirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱam- (“cover, clothes”). Doublet of kamisa.


camca

Inherited from Malay camca, from Hindi चमचा (camcā), from Classical Persian چمچه (čamča, čumča), ultimately of Turkic origin.


nelayan

From Malay nelayan, ultimately from Tamil நுளையன் (nuḷaiyaṉ).

Nelayan merasa di laut seperti di rumah sendiri.

When at sea, fishermen feel as if in their own home.


sdm

Lowercase spelling and dot absence follow English tbsp.

Abbreviation of sendok makan (“tbsp, tablespoon”).


pelajaran

Affixed ajar + per- -an or pelajar + -an, from Malay pelajaran.

lesson: something learned or to be learned.

keterpelajaran [agentless action + passive]


pelajaran

Aku suka pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.

(colloquial) subject: an area of knowledge that is taught or studied in learning institutions


kesukaran

kêsukaran (canonical)
kesukaran-kesukaran (plural)

Affixed sukar + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kesukaran.


kadera

kadèra (canonical)
kadera-kadera (plural)

From Portuguese cadeira, from Old Galician-Portuguese cadeira, from Vulgar Latin *cathēgra, variant of Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “above”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “chair”). Doublet of katedral.

(obsolete) litter (a seat to carry a person).


dorna

From Betawi [Term?], from Sanskrit द्रोण (droṇa, “Droṇa”).


kacang tanah

id-noun

kacang tanah (plural kacang-kacang tanah)


diri

From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).

inh

(psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.


gurita

From Malay gurita, from Proto-Malayic *gurita, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guʀita (co-existing with *kuʀita), from Proto-Austronesian *guʀiCa. Compare to Cebuano kugita, Fijian kuita, Marshallese kweet.

octopus (any of several marine molluscs of the family Octopodidae)

octopus (the flesh of these marine molluscs eaten as food)


gurita

a chest or stomach wrapping cloth, which has straps or adhesives, mainly used for babies or new mothers


sunting

ornament (flower etc.) worn behind the ear


wazari

Borrowed from Japanese 技あり (わざあり, waza-ari).


IMD

inisiasi menyusu dini
inisiasi menyusu dini#Indonesian

(medicine) Initialism of inisiasi menyusu dini (“early breastfeeding initiation”).


bagan

Borrowed from Minangkabau [Term?]. Cognate of Malay bagan


bagan

From Riau Malay [Term?]. Cognate of Malay bagan

a rest stop for people who search for wood or rubber in the forest, in the form of a roof that slopes to one side, has four poles, and a low platform floor


jawaban

answer (a response or reply; something said or done in reaction to a statement or question)


bangbang

bangbang:

salmon, salmon pink: a pale pinkish-orange colour, the colour of cooked salmon.


tapol

tahanan politik
tahanan politik#Indonesian

Acronym of tahanan politik (“political prisoner”).


laksamana

From Malay laksamana,
from Classical Malay laksamana, from Sanskrit लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa).

(military) naval officer of the highest rank.

admiral:
naval officer of the highest rank.

(military) a high rank in the navies, NATO grade OF-9, equivalent ranks in other navies, in coast guards, etc.


kepompong

kêpompong (canonical)
kepompong-kepompong (plural)

chrysalis (the pupa of a butterfly or moth)


larangan

rambu larangan


siter

From Dutch citer, from Middle Dutch cythaer, from Old Dutch cithara, from Latin cithara, from Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára, “kind of harp”).


kata sifat

* From Malay kata sifat. Reconstructed as kata + sifat.
* Semantic loan from Arabic صِفَات (ṣifāt), plural of صِفَة (ṣifa, “adjective”) for adjective sense.


faedah

From Malay faedah, from Arabic فَائِدَة (fāʔida, “usefulness, advantage”).


dialek

Borrowed from Dutch dialect, from Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”).

(strict sense) a lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German)

(broad sense) a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon


nasihat

From Malay nasihat, from Classical Malay nasihat, from Arabic نَصِيحَة (naṣīḥa, “advise”).

sincere advice; exhortation (especially given by older people to younger)


khizanatulkitab

From Malay khizanatulkitab,
from Classical Malay khizanatulkitab, from Arabic خِزَانَةُ الكِتَاب (ḵizānatu l-kitāb).

خِزَانَةُ الكِتَاب


mangut

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦔꦸꦠ꧀ (mangut, “a particular dish of hot and spicy fish cooked in coconut milk”), from Old Javanese maṅut (“a particular kind of fish”).

der

(cooking) hot and spicy fish cooked in coconut milk


putusan sela

id-noun

putusan sela (plural putusan-putusan sela)

interlocutory decision
interlocutory decision


penggelapan

gelap + peng- -an. The sense “embezzlement” is a semantic loan from Dutch verduistering.


hukum pelengkap

hukum pelengkap (plural hukum-hukum pelengkap)

Compound of hukum + pelengkap, calque of Dutch aanvullend recht.


azimat

From Malay azimat, from Arabic عَزِيمَة (ʕazīmat), the informal construct state of عزيمة (ʕazīma). Doublet of jimat.


riol

Borrowed from Dutch riool (“sewer”), from Middle Dutch riole, probably from Middle French rigole (“ditch, sewer”), from Old French regol, from Middle Dutch regel (“row”), from Latin rēgula (“straight line”).

sewer: a pipe or system of pipes used to remove human waste and to provide drainage.


lentera

lêntèra (canonical)
lentera-lentera (plural)

Borrowed from Portuguese lanterna (“lantern”), from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”).


obligasi

→ Malay: obligasi

Borrowed from Dutch obligatie, from Middle Dutch obligacie, from Old French obligation, from Latin obligātiō.

(law) evidence of a long-term debt, by which the bond issuer (the borrower) is obliged to pay interest when due, and repay the principal at maturity, as specified on the face of the bond certificate

(finance) a documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract; a debenture

bond
moral or political duty or obligation

a social, legal, or moral requirement, duty, contract, or promise that compels someone to follow or avoid a particular course of action

a course of action imposed by society, law, or conscience by which someone is bound or restricted

(law) a legal agreement stipulating a specified action or forbearance by a party to the agreement; the document containing such agreement

reason for being obliged to, that is, grateful for, something


pesawat udara

id-noun

pesawat udara (plural pesawat-pesawat udara)

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) + udara (“air”). Modelled after pesawat terbang. Compare to Chinese 航空器 (“aircraft”, literally “aviation (ship + air) + machine”)


magang

Inherited from Malay magang (“apprentice”), from Javanese ꦩꦒꦁ (magang, “apprentice”).


lomba

From Malay lumba, from Proto-Malayic *lumbaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumbeq.


zarah

Inherited from Malay zarah, from Classical Malay ضاررح (dharrah), ذرح (dzarah), ذره (zarah), زررح (zarrah), from Arabic ذَرَّة (ḏarra, “tiny particle, speck, mote”).

der

(biology, ecology, uncommon) small object

(physics, uncommon) any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle.


sesal

From Malay sesal,
from Classical Malay sesal.


boneka

From Malay boneka, from Portuguese boneca, from Spanish muñeca (“doll”), from Old Spanish munneca.


kubis

From Malay kubis, from Portuguese couves, plural form of couve, from Old Galician-Portuguese couve, from earlier *coue, from Latin caulis, caulem (“stem of a cabbage”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”). Doublet of kol.


golok

A cutting tool, similar to a machete, used in agriculture and as a weapon.


penting

pênting (canonical)
penting-penting (plural)


mendoa

From Malay mendoa. Equivalent to
meng- + doa.


energi potensial

id-noun

energi potensial (plural energi-energi potensial)


aksis

Borrowed from Dutch axis (“axle, axis”).


stabilo

Genericization of the German trademark Schwan-Stabilo.


sulur

aerial roots, roots that grow from branches (such as on a banyan tree)


pedagang

From Malay pedagang,
from Classical Malay pedagang. Equivalent to per- + dagang.

Pedagang kaki lima


dagang

From Malay dagang. The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary treated the word as a loan distribution originating either in Old Javanese dagaṅ or Malay.


meru

From Javanese meru (ꦩꦺꦫꦸ) and Balinese meru (ᬫᬾᬭᬸ), from Old Javanese meru, from Sanskrit मेरु (meru).

Mount Meru: the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.

Meru tower: the principal shrine of a Balinese temple, a wooden, pagoda-like structure with a masonry base, a wooden chamber and multi-tiered thatched roofs.

triangular decoration as a symbol of the divine being.


garasi

From Dutch garage, from French garage (“keeping under cover, protection, shelter”), derivative of French garer (“to keep under cover, dock, shunt, guard, keep”), from Middle French garer, garrer, guerrer; partly from Old French garir, warir (from Old Frankish *warjan); and partly from Old French varer (“to fight, defend oneself, protect”), from Old Norse varask (“to defend oneself”), reflexive of vara (“to ware, watch out, defend”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to defend, ward off”), *warōną (“to watch, protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).

der

garage, a building (or section of a building) used to store a car or cars, tools and other miscellaneous items.


wasiat

Inherited from Malay wasiat, from Classical Malay وصية (wasiat), from Arabic وَصِيَّة (waṣiyya).

bequest, will, testament: last request or order before someone's death


biodiversitas

Affixed bio- + diversitas, learned borrowing from New Latin biodīversitās.


undi

From Malay undi, from Javanese ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (undhi, “to decide by lot”), from Old Javanese uṇḍi (“ball”), from Tamil உண்டை (uṇṭai, “ball, dice”).

der

lot: anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will.


normalitas

the state of being normal or usual; normalcy

gram equivalent weight
gram equivalent weight

(chemistry) the concentration of a solution expressed in gram equivalent weights of solute per litre of solution

(mathematics, statistics) a measure of how well an observed distribution approximates a normal distribution


belacan

bêlacan (canonical)
belacan-belacan (plural)

From Javanese ꦧ꧀ꦭꦕꦤ꧀ (blacan, “a kind of wild cat”).


kencing manis

id-noun

kencing manis (plural kencing-kencing manis)

Compound kencing (“to urinate”) and manis (“sweet”), from Malay kencing manis, from Chinese 糖尿 (“diabetes mellitus”, literally “glycosuria”).


penggaris

ruler (a flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device)


pilihan

an option; a decision; an opportunity to choose or select something.

one selection or preference; that which is chosen or decided; the outcome of a decision.


kendali

kêndali (canonical)
kendali-kendali (plural)

Inherited from Malay kendali, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦭꦶ (kendhali), from Old Javanese kuṇḍali, from Sanskrit कुण्डल (kuṇḍala, “ear-ring, rope, tie”).

der

rein: a strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child.

Hilang kendali.


imbuh

small extra, supplement, addition, lagniappe

sumur imbuh


DIPA

(government) Initialism of daftar isian pelaksanaan anggaran.


berahi

From Sanskrit विरहिन् (virahin, “separated from one's beloved, lonely”).


pembiayaan

From Malay pembiayaan. Equivalent to biaya + peng- -an.


pengeluaran

pêngêluaran (canonical)
pengeluaran-pengeluaran (plural)


biaya

Inherited from Malay biaya (“expense”), from Classical Malay biaya, byaja, from Old Javanese byaya (“expenses, contribution”), from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya, “spending, expense, outlay, disbursement”). Doublet of bea.

cost: amount of money that is required or used.

charge: the amount of money levied for a service.

expense: a spending or consuming, often a disbursement of funds.


kejijikan

disgust (an intense dislike or loathing someone feels for something bad or nasty)


RPS

(education) Initialism of rencana pembelajaran semester (“semester lesson plan”).


mayones

mayonès (canonical)
mayones-mayones (plural)

Borrowed from French mayonnaise (“mayonnaise”).


babit

(metallurgy) babbitt: a soft white alloy of variable composition (for example, nine parts of tin to one of copper, or fifty parts of tin to five of antimony and one of copper) used in bearings to diminish friction.


badak air

inherited from Malay badak air, from badak (“rhinoceros”) + air (“water”).


gairah

From Malay ghairah, gairah, from Classical Malay غيرە (ghairah), غيرە (gairah), from Arabic غَيْرَة (ḡayra, “jealousy, zeal”).


suiseki

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 水石(すいせき) (suiseki, literally “water stone”), from 水 (すい, sui, “water”) + 石 (せき, seki, “stone”).

compound

suiseki: a Japanese artform in which attractively shaped rocks and stones are mounted and displayed.


kasur

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦱꦸꦂ (kasur, “mattress”).

bor+

mattress (a pad on which a person can recline and sleep)


doyo

Borrowed from Japanese 道場 (どうじょう, dōjō, literally “place of the ways”): 道 (どう, dō, “road; way”) + 場 (じょう, jō, “place; place where events are held; flattened area for ceremonies or festivals”).

bor

(martial arts, nonstandard) A training facility, usually led by one or more sensei; a hall or room used for such training.


kekuatan

From Malay kekuatan. Equivalent to kuat (“strong”) + ke- -an.


unikorn

From English unicorn, from Middle English unicorne, unikorn, from Anglo-Norman unicorne, Old French unicorne, and their source, Latin ūnicornis, from ūnus (“one”) + cornū (“horn”).

(finance, trading) unicorn, a startup company whose valuation has exceeded one billion U.S. dollars, which is solely backed by venture capitalists, and which has yet to have an IPO.


pemerintahan

pêmêrintahan (canonical)
pemerintahan-pemerintahan (plural)

Affixed perintah + peng- -an or pemerintah (“government”) + -an.

(Standard Malay)

the state and its administration viewed as the ruling political power; the tenure of a chief of state.

affairs, the management or control of a system.


perintah

pêrintah (canonical)
perintah-perintah (plural)


ketidakhadiran

Affixed tidak hadir (“absent”) + ke- -an.


terasi

têrasi (canonical)
terasi-terasi (plural)

From Javanese ꦠꦿꦱꦶ (trasi). Cognate of Dutch trassi.

(cooking) terasi: The Indonesian version of belachan, a shrimp-paste condiment.


ikatan

Affixed ikat + -an, inherited from Malay ikatan.

(chemistry) a link or force between neighbouring atoms in a molecule.

association, club, organization, society, union

(mathematics, statistics) constraint: a condition that a solution to an optimization problem must satisfy.


inkonsistensi

Affixed in- + konsisten + -si, from Dutch inconsistentie.


sosin

From Hakka 菜心 (chhoi-sîm, “choy sum”). Doublet of caisim.


baftah

From Malay baftah, bafta, from Persian [Term?].


anak tunggal

From Malay anak tunggal, from Classical Malay انق توڠڬل (anak tunggal).


beruk

Inherited from Malay beruk, from Classical Malay بروق (bĕruk).

southern pig-tailed macaque
southern pig-tailed macaque

pigtail macaque, especially the southern pig-tailed macaque


sekrup

sêkrup (canonical)
sekrup-sekrup (plural)


seiyu

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 声優(せいゆう) (seiyū), from Middle Chinese 聲 (*ɕiɛ̝ŋ, “sound, voice”) + 優 (*ʔɨu, “actor”).

der

voice actor, an actor who provides voices or voice-overs for radio drama, animations, commercials, dubbed films, games in Japanese context.


bungkil

oil cake (the solid residue remaining after any oilseed has been pressed to remove the vegetable oil)


kangkung

From Malay kangkung, possibly from Hokkien 孔 (kháng, “hole”) + 空 (khong, “empty, hollow”). Cognate to Tagalog kangkong.

compound

Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica#Translingual


kemuning

Inherited from Malay kemuning, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamuniŋ.

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual

orange jessamine (a south Asian shrub or small tree related to citrus, Murraya paniculata, grown for its evergreen foliage and fragrant flowers)


gelora

Affixed *gora + -el-, inherited from Malay gelora, from Javanese ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora).

menggelorakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


gelora

Acronym of gelanggang olahraga (“sports arena”).


gantang

melukut di tepi gantang

of little importance or insignificant (literally, “broken rice grains by the bushel”)


OKB

orang kaya baru
orang kaya baru#Indonesian

Initialism of orang kaya baru (“nouveau riche, new money”).


ganggang

(uncommon) gap (opening made by breaking or parting)


ganggang

seaweed (any of numerous marine plants and algae, such as a kelp)


landasan

* From Malay landasan, from Classical Malay landasan (“anvil”). Equivalent to landas + -an.
* Semantic loan from English runway for runway sense.


sedotan

drinking straw, straw (a long tube (usually made out of plastic or paper) through which a beverage is drunk via suction)


pengungsi

pêngungsi (canonical)
pengungsi-pengungsi (plural)

Affixed peng- + ungsi. Attested before 1947.

pengungsi Suriah


pangsit

penjual mi pangsit dekat Circle K
dumpling noodle vendor near Circle K

(cooking) wonton: a Chinese dumpling, often stuffed with varieties of meat or seafood and vegetables.


bakso

From Xiamen Hokkien 肉燥 (bah-sò), from 肉 (bah, “meat, flesh; pork”) + 燥 (sò, “minced meat”).


micin

From Hakka 味精 (mi-chîn), from a genericized trademark of Tien Chu Ve-Tsin food company. The "味精" trademark itself ultimately comes from Japanese 味(み)精(せい) (misei). Cognate of Vietnamese mì chính. Doublet of mecin.

micin adalah penyedap rasa

monosodium glutamate
monosodium glutamate

(colloquial, cooking) MSG, monosodium glutamate


orang tua

elder, an older person or an older member, usually a leader, of some community


reformasi

→ English: Reformasi

→ Malay: reformasi

Borrowed from Dutch reformatie, from Middle Dutch reformacie, from Latin refōrmātiō.

reform, reformation (an amelioration in the form of institutions or practices in a country)


kustar

(cooking) custard: A type of sauce made from milk and eggs (and usually sugar, and sometimes vanilla or other flavourings) and thickened by heat, served hot poured over desserts, as a filling for some pies and cakes, or cold and solidified; also used as a base for some savoury dishes, such as quiches, or eaten as a stand-alone dessert.


kala lampau

From kala + lampau. Calque of English past tense.


TPU

tempat pemakaman umum
tempat pemakaman umum#Indonesian

Initialism of tempat pemakaman umum (“public cemetery”).


kapulasan

From Sundanese kapulasan. Doublet of pulasan.


garis keras

hard line (a firm stance or policy on which one will not compromise)

hard-liner (a person who takes a firm, uncompromising position on some policy.)


hemat

From Malay hemat, hémat, from Classical Malay hemat, himmat, hémat, from Arabic هِمَّة (himma). Doublet of jimat.

opinion (a belief that a person has formed about a topic or issue)


letus

From English lettuce, from Middle English letuse.


ejaan

ejaan baru


tokoh

menokohkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menokohi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

pertokohan [causative passive + resultative

(rare) shape (the appearance of something, especially its outline)

figure, physique (the natural constitution or physical structure of a person)

figure, notable (an important or well-known person)

character (a being involved in the action of a story)


kumpulan

Affixed kumpul + -an, inherited from Malay kumpulan.


ayun

From Malay ayun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ayun (“to swing, oscillate”), from Proto-Austronesian *ayun (“to swing, oscillate”).

inh

swing, swinging: the act or motion of that which swings.


canoyu

Borrowed from Japanese 茶の湯 (chanoyu, “tea ceremony”).


sarap

Alternation of saraf. An analogy, 'the crazy people' associate to nerves problem.

Nonstandard spelling of saraf (“nerve”).


sarap

Inherited from Malay سارڤ (sarap, “dust, fine dirt”). Cognate of Ngaju sahep (“fallen leaf”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">sarap</i>

inh+

(dermatology, pathology) seborrheic dermatitis: a dermatological disease in child and baby.


apendiks

From Dutch appendix, from Latin appendix.

a text added to the end of a book or an article, containing additional information.

(anatomy) the vermiform appendix, an inner organ that can become inflamed.


bakteri

baktéri (canonical)
bakteri-bakteri (plural)

From Dutch bacterie (“bacterium”), from bacterium, from New Latin bactērium, from Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría), from Proto-Indo-European *bak-.


abangan

Probably cognate of Tagalog abangan (“ambush”).


abangan

Affixed abang (“red”) + -an, from Javanese ꦲꦧꦔꦤ꧀ (abangan).

abangan: Javanese Muslim who practice a much more syncretic version of Islam than the more orthodox santri.


gakari

Borrowed from Japanese 係(がかり) (-gakari, “person in charge”, suffix).


pispot

From Dutch pispot, from Middle Dutch pispot.

chamber pot, a container used for urination and defecation.


puak

From Malay puak,
* from Thai พวก (pûuak, “group, party”).
* from Chinese Hokkien 般 (poaⁿ, “class”).


visiun

From Dutch visioen, from Middle Dutch visioen, from Old French vision, from Latin visio (“vision, seeing”), noun of action from the perfect passive participle visus (“that which is seen”), from videre (“to see”, verb) + -io (action noun suffix). Doublet of visi.

vision, something dreamlike or imaginary thought to be seen; mystical experience.