dasar

Inherited from Malay dasar, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ðsar. Compare Javanese ꦝꦱꦂ (dhasar), Old Javanese ḍasar (“base, bottom; workshop”).

cog

foundation: something from which other things extend.

a basic but essential component or ingredient.

basis: the starting point of a logical deduction or though.

(linguistics) a morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.

groundwork, basis: That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; underbuilding.

The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.

a starting point, base or foundation for an argument or hypothesis.


harga

From Malay harga (“price”), from Sanskrit अर्घ (argha, “price”).

harga tanda masuk


cacing

[ˈt͡ʃat͡ʃɪŋ]

From Malay cacing, from Proto-Malayic [Term?] (Brunei Malay cacing), from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan [Term?] (Sundanese ᮎᮎᮤᮀ (cacing)).


kaki

From Malay kaki, from Proto-Malayic *kaki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaqay (compare Cia-Cia 까께 (kkakke)), from Proto-Austronesian *qaqay).

(anatomy) a biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion and that is frequently a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg.

kaki meja

a short foot-like projection on the bottom of an object to support it.

kaki bukit

a unit of measure equal to twelve inches or one third of a yard, equal to exactly 30.48 centimetres.


kaki

From Japanese 柿(かき) (kaki, “persimmon”).


kaki

From Dutch kaki (“khaki”), from Hindi ख़ाकी (xākī) / Urdu خاکی (xākī), from Persian خاکی (xâki, “dusty, earthy, earth-colored”).


cuti

From Malay cuti, from Hindi छुट्टी (chuṭṭī, “release; leave; holiday, vacation; break”).


tobiko

From Japanese 飛び子 (とびこ, tobiko, “roe of the flying fish”), from 飛魚 (とびうお, tobiuo, “flying fish”) + 子 (こ, ko, “roe”).


catur

From Malay catur, from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), related to etymology 1.

synonym: sekak


oven

From Dutch oven, from Middle Dutch oven, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *uhnaz, *uhwnaz.

oven, a chamber used for baking or heating.


besi

From Malay besi, from Proto-Malayic *bəsi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəsi.

(physics, chemistry, metallurgy) iron (element)


bicara

* Inherited from Malay bicara, possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian or Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”). Doublet of wicara.
* For sense of guaranteed, semantic loan from Betawi [Term?].


urine

From Dutch urine, from Middle Dutch urine, from older orine, from Old French orine, urine, from Latin urina.

(physiology) urine: liquid waste consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released through the urethra.


bagi

From Malay bagi, a variant of the standard bahagi, from Proto-Malayic *bahagi (“share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqagi.

bagi-bagi

to share a lot; to share for many; division

(arithmetic, uncommon) division (the act of dividing number)


tera

Unknown. Possibly from Sanskrit तर (tara, “surpassing, excelling”).

der

as sign of standarisation and calibration.


abang

From Malay abang, from Classical Malay ابڠ (abang), from Old Malay habaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *abaŋ (*aba + *-ŋ), *aba (“father”).

Umur abang saya lebih besar tiga tahun.

My brother is three years older than me.

Nanti malam aku akan ke rumah abang.

Tonight, I will go to my elder brother's house.

(literally or figuratively, chiefly Sumatra, West Kalimantan and Jakarta) elder brother

chiefly Sumatra; West Kalimantan and Jakarta; chiefly Sumatra; West Kalimantan and Jakarta

elder brother
anyone slightly older than self

(chiefly West Kalimantan, Sumatra) a form of address to the husband in a marriage or marital relationship

chiefly West Kalimantan; Sumatra; chiefly West Kalimantan; Sumatra


ADHD

gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas

(colloquial, neurology, psychiatry, psychology) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD


knot

Internationalism, borrowed from English knot (“a unit of speed”, literally “a looping of a piece of string”), from Middle English knotte, from Old English cnotta, from Proto-West Germanic *knottō, from Proto-Germanic *knuttô, *knudô (“knot”); probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gnod- (“to bind”).

bor+

(aviation, nautical) a unit of speed, equal to one nautical mile per hour.

(aviation) a unit of indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, or equivalent airspeed, which varies in its relation to the unit of speed so as to compensate for the effects of different ambient atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.


lok

(rail transport) Apocopic form of lokomotif (“locomotive”)


median

From Dutch mediaan, from Latin medianus (“of or pertaining to the middle”, adjective), from medius (“middle”) (see medium), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Doublet of madya.

der

(statistics) the number separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.

(geometry) a line segment joining the vertex of triangle to the midpoint of the opposing side.

(road transport) the median strip; the area separating two lanes of opposite-direction traffic.

medium, anything having a measurement intermediate between extremes, such as a garment or container.

(printing, dated) mediaan, a former Nederland paper size, 470 mm × 560 mm.


massa

From Dutch [Term?] from Middle Dutch masse, from Old French attested from the 11th century, via late Latin massa (“lump, dough”), from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “barley-cake, lump (of dough)”). The Greek noun is derived from the verb μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European *maǵ- (“to oil, knead”). Standard spelling retain double s to avoid confusion with word masa (time).

a quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity, usually of considerable size.

(physics) the quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume. It is one of four fundamental properties of matter. It is measured in kilograms in the SI system of measurement.

(surgery) tumor: a palpable or visible abnormal globular structure.

a large body of individuals, especially persons.


fiat

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch fiat, from Latin fīat.


obor

(figurative) torch (a source of enlightenment or guidance)


AU

angkatan udara
angkatan udara#Indonesian

Initialism of angkatan udara (“air force”).


film

film (a medium used to capture images in a camera)


hotel

From Dutch hotel, from French hôtel, from Middle French hostel, from Old French ostel; inherited from Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”), noun use of Latin hospitālis (“hospitable; pertaining to a host or guest”).

hotel, an establishment that provides accommodation and other services for paying guests; normally larger than a guesthouse, and often one of a chain.

perhotelan [causative passive + resultative


liter

From Dutch liter, from French litre, from Medieval Latin litra, from Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra, “a Sicilian coin, a measure of weight”).

litre: the metric unit of fluid measure, equal to one cubic decimetre. Symbols: l, L, ℓ.


step

From English step, from Middle English steppen, from Old English steppan (“to step, go, proceed, advance”), stepe (“step”), from Proto-Germanic *stapjaną (“to step”), *stapiz (“step”), from Proto-Indo-European *stab- (“to support, stomp, curse, be amazed”).


step

From Dutch stuip (“convulsion”), from Middle Dutch stūpe, stupen, stuypen (“convulsion”, literally “to duck, to bend down”), from Old English stupian (“to stoop, bend over”) (compare to English stoop (“to bend”)), from Old Norse stúpa, from Proto-Germanic *stūpōną, *stūpijaną (“to stand out”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to push, butt, knock”). Doublet of setip.


uni

From Dutch unie, from French union, from Latin ūniō f.

the act of uniting or joining two or more things into one.

Uni Eropa

Uni Soviet

that which is united; something formed by a combination of parts or members.


PSP

pemegang saham pengendali
pemegang saham pengendali#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of pemegang saham pengendali (“controlling stakeholder”).


anak

From Malay anak, from Classical Malay انق (anak), from Proto-Malayic *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)

anak ayam

anak pisang

(Heading) a young creature
young of animal or plant

anak kapal

(Heading) a person associated with a particular identity or trait

Gue anak padus.

I am a choirister. (literally, “I am a child of a choir.”)

(colloquial) A member or attendee of an organization, group, event, institution, school, etc.

anak Jakarta
Jakartan
(literally, “child of Jakarta”)

anak kunci

(Heading) small or miniature
a component part of a whole

anak bukit

a smaller version of something similat that is larger or bigger


tema

From Dutch thema, from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).


prop

From English prop (“property”), or a clipping of properti.

(art) property, an item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.


kakao

From Dutch cacao, from Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl.


peta

From Malay peta, perhaps from Sanskrit भूपट (bhūpaṭa, “map”) as भू (bhū, “earth”) + पट (paṭa, “garment”). Similar construction in Latin mappa mundī (“map”), compound of mappa (“napkin, cloth”) + mundus (“world”).

compound

(geography) map (a visual representation of an area, whether real or imaginary, showing the relative positions of places and other features)


bum

From Dutch slagboom (“boom barrier, boom gate”) or boom (“beam, barrier, tree, pole”). Doublet of bom.

bor

boom barrier, boom gate (a bar or pole that can be lowered or raised to controll the traffic)

(figurative) customs (government agency that handles taxes of imported goods)


bum

(economics, business) boom (a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity)


kebab

From Arabic كَبَاب (kabāb), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *kabab- (“to burn, to roast”).

der

A dish of pieces of meat, fish, or vegetables roasted on a skewer or spit, especially a doner kebab.

A hand-held dish consisting of pieces of meat roasted on an upright skewer mixed with fresh vegetables and sauces and rolled up in a round piece of unleavened bread.


pap

Borrowed from English pap (sense 7, but likely also from sense 5).

Siapa yang minta pap? Jangan, jangan pernah kasih pap ke siapapun.

2020, Agung Sentausa, director, Pindah Planet!!!, spoken by Tia, Yayasan Kampung Halaman:

Who asked for a pap (nude)? Don't, don't ever give a pap to anyone.

(slang) A picture obtained as a result of pap.


antipasto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian antipasto (literally “before the meal”).

ubor

(cooking) antipasto: an Italian starter for a meal; normally a cold assortment of salami, cheese, seafood and vegetables.


PDB

produk domestik bruto
produk domestik bruto#Indonesian

(economics) Initialism of produk domestik bruto.


koran

From Malay koran, from Dutch courant (current spelling is krant), from French courant (“current”), from Old French corant, possibly corresponding to Latin currens, currentem.

newspaper (a printed publication, usually published daily or weekly, containing news and other articles)


gamer

(Kalimantan) Calophyllum soulattri, a species of bintangor


cupido

Learned borrowing from Latin cupīdō (“desire; lust”).


paha

Inherited from Malay paha, from Proto-Malayic *paha(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”).


umlaut

From English umlaut, from German Umlaut in the 19ᵗʰ century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”).

umlaut (partial assimilation of a vowel)


umami

From Japanese 旨味(うまみ) (umami), from 旨い (umai, “delicious”), which describes the quality of a pleasant, savory taste.

(cooking) umami: one of the five basic tastes, the savory taste of foods such as seaweed, cured fish, aged cheeses and meats.


keluarga

kêluarga (canonical)
keluarga-keluarga (plural)

From Malay keluarga (“family”). Compare to Javanese ꦏꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kulawarga) and ꦏꦮꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kawulawarga).

a group of people who are closely related to one another (by blood, marriage or adoption); kin; for example, a set of parents and their children; an immediate family.

a (close-knit) group of people related by blood, friendship, marriage, law, or custom, especially if they live or work together.

any group or aggregation of things classed together as kindred or related from possessing in common characteristics which distinguish them from other things of the same order.

(set theory) class, a collection of sets definable by a shared property.


epistola

èpistola (canonical)
epistola-epistola (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin epistola, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ), from ἐπιστέλλω (epistéllō, “I send a message”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I prepare, send”).

(Christianity) nonstandard spelling of epistel (“epistle”).


entrepreneur

Unadapted borrowing from French entrepreneur.

ubor

entrepreneur (person who organizes and operates a business venture)


kakak

From Malay kakak (“older sister”), from Classical Malay kakak, from Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
* For sense of older brother, semantic loan from Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”) and semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).
* For sense of form of address to husband in marital relationship, semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).

sl

ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀

ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀

(literally or figuratively, formal) older sibling

(literally or figuratively, chiefly Sumatra and Kalimantan) older sister

(literally or figuratively, chiefly Jakarta and Java) older brother

(chiefly Jakarta) a form of address to an older person (same generation or one generation before)

(colloquial) a form of address to any stranger


atap

From Malay atap, from Proto-Malayic *hatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp.

roof (the cover at the top of a building)


tong

From Malay tong, from Hokkien 桶 (thóng).


tong

From Betawi [Term?], from Hokkien 童 (tâng/tông).

(dialect, Jakarta) Clipping of entong (“boy”).


eufemisme

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch eufemisme.


pro

From clipping of profesional (“professional”).

clipping

Clipping of profesional (“professional”).


novel

From Dutch novelle, from Italian novella, from Latin novella, feminine of novellus. Doublet of novela and novelet.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, longer than a novella.


awan

Inherited from Malay awan, from Proto-Malayic *awan, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawan.

cloud (a visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air)

(astronomy) cloud (any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass)

(figurative, uncommon) a very high place


kurva

Learned borrowing from Latin curva, curvus.


rok

From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.


rok

(music) rock, a style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals.


adagio

Borrowed from English adagio, from Italian adagio.

(music) a tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully

adagio
(music) a passage having this mark

(dance) a male-female duet or mixed trio ballet displaying demanding balance, spins and/or lifts


diet

Internationalism, borrowed from English diet, from Middle English diet, dyet, diete, from Old French diete, from Medieval Latin dieta (“regimen, regulation; assembly”), from Latin diaeta, from Ancient Greek δίαιτα (díaita).

der

the food and beverage a person or animal consumes; any habitual intake or consumption.

a controlled regimen of food and drink, as to gain or lose weight or otherwise influence health.


agio

From Dutch agio, from Italian aggio, from Old Occitan aize, from Vulgar Latin *adjace(m), from Latin adjacēns, present participle of adjaceō (compare Medieval Latin in aiace).


protein

protéin (canonical)
protein-protein (plural)

From Dutch proteïne, from French protéine and German Protein, both coined based on Ancient Greek πρωτεῖος (prōteîos, “primary”), from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).


tsunami

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 津波(つなみ) (tsunami, “tsunami, tidal wave, tidal bore”), from 津 (tsu, “harbor”) + 波 (nami, “wave”).

ja-r

tsunami: a very large and destructive wave, generally caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean, such as an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption. Tsunami are usually a series of waves, or wave train.


kala

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

der

(geology) epoch: a geochronologic unit of hundreds of thousands to millions of years; a subdivision of a period, and subdivided into ages (or sometimes subepochs).

(grammar) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

(linguistics, grammar, countable) An inflected form of a verb that indicates tense.


kala

From Malay kala, from Javanese ꦏꦭ (kala, “stinging animal, scorpion”), from Sanskrit कालक (kālaka, “scorpion”).


kala

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala.


kala

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Javanese ꦏꦭ (kala, “bird noose, snare”), from Old Javanese kalā.


kala

From Malay kala, from Arabic قَضَاء (qaḍāʔ). Doublet of qada.


bias

From Malay bias from English bias, from French biais.

inclination towards something; predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection.

(statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.

(acoustics, optics) the turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.

(colloquial) a person's favourite member of an idol group, such as K-pop band.


agitator

From Dutch agitator, from Latin agitātor.


moral

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch moraal (“moral”), from Middle French moral, from Latin mōrālis (“relating to manners or morals”).

(of a narrative) The ethical significance or practical lesson.

Moral practices or teachings: modes of conduct.

A conviction so justifiable that one is morally entitled to act on it: moral certainty.

morale (the capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others)


tempe

→ Dutch: tempé

→ French: tempeh, tempé

→ English: tempeh

Possibly from Old Javanese tumpi (a food made from starch and tempeh) or Indonesian tapai (“fermentation”).


bonus

From Dutch bonus, from Latin bonus (“good”).

something extra that is good; an added benefit.

an extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.


program

From Dutch program, from Late Latin programma (“a proclamation, edict”), from Ancient Greek πρόγραμμα (prógramma, “a written public notice, an edict”). Doublet of programa.
* For the sense in computing, semantic loan from English program.

program, programme
a set of structured activities.

(computing) a software application, or a collection of software applications, designed to perform a specific task.


duet

From Dutch duet, from Italian duetto or German Duett (itself borrowed from Italian).

duet (musical piece performed by two players or two singers).


mori

→ Min Nan: 毛里 (mo͘-lí)

* From Dutch moiré, from French moiré, from Arabic مُخَيَّر (muḵayyar, literally “chosen”).
* From Tamil முறி (muṟi).


term

From Dutch term, from French terme, from Old French terme, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end; in Medieval Latin, also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).

a word or phrase, especially one from a specialised area of knowledge.

(logic) the subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.

duration of a set length; period in office of fixed length.

part of a year, especially one of the three parts of an academic year.


filter

From Dutch filter, from French filtre, from Medieval Latin filtrum (compare also Old French feutre (“felt; filter”)), from Frankish *filtir, from Proto-West Germanic *felt.

a device which separates a suspended, dissolved, or particulate matter from a fluid, solution, or other substance; any device that separates one substance from another.

(electronics, physics) electronics or software that separates unwanted signals (for example noise) from wanted signals or that attenuates selected frequencies.


cap

* Ultimately from Indo-Aryan. Compare Hindi छाप (chāp), Gujarati છાપ (chāp), Bengali ছাপ (chap), English chop all meaning stamp, seal.
* Probably become Chinese 劄 (zhá, “letter, brief note”) through phono-semantic matching.


albino

From Dutch albino, from Spanish albino, from Latin albus.

albino: person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one afflicted with albinism.


has

From Dutch haas (“tenderloin”), from Middle Dutch haessen, from Old Dutch *hāsenewa, *hāhsenewa, from Proto-Germanic *hanhsenwō, *hanhasenwō (“heel tendon, Achilles tendon”), from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“heel”) + *senwō (“sinew”).


madam

Borrowed from Dutch madam, from Middle French madame.


pasta

From Dutch pasta (“pasta, paste”), from Late Latin pasta (“dough, pastry cake, paste”), from Ancient Greek παστά (pastá, “barley porridge”), from παστός (pastós, “sprinkled with salt”). Doublet of pastel.
* The sense of pasta is loaned via Italian pasta.

dough made from wheat and water and sometimes mixed with egg and formed into various shapes; often sold in dried form and typically boiled for eating; a dish or serving of pasta.


albatros

Borrowed from Dutch albatros, from English albatross, from Spanish alcatraz or Portuguese alcatraz, from Arabic الْغَطَّاس (al-ḡaṭṭās, “the diver”).

(zoology) any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.

(zoology) any of various African and Asian pierid butterflies of the genus Appias. Some species of this genus are also known as puffins.

a lightweight, soft material with a napped and slightly creped surface


tenor

* From Dutch tenor, from Italian tenore, from Latin tenor.
* Semantic loan from English tenor for sense of time to maturity of a bond.

(music) a musical range or section higher than bass and lower than alto.

(music) a person, instrument or group that performs in the tenor (higher than bass and lower than alto) range.

tenor:
(finance) time to maturity of a bond.


solder

From Dutch soldeer, from Old French soldure, soudeure (noun), from Old French souder, solder (“to solder”, verb) (> Middle English souden (“to solder”)), from Latin solidāre (“make solid”).

solder: any of various easily-melted alloys, commonly of tin and lead, that are used to mend, coat, or join metal objects, usually small.


origami

Borrowed from Japanese 折り紙 (おりがみ, origami), from 折り (おり, ori, “to fold”) + 紙 (かみ, kami, “paper”).

origami (the Japanese art of paper folding).


balai

From Malay balai, from Proto-Malayic *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay. Semantic loan from Minangkabau balai for sense of market.


palisade

palisadê (canonical)
palisade-palisade (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch palissade, from French palissade.

(military) a wall of wooden stakes, used as a defensive barrier.

palisade:
(biology) an even row of cells.


media

* From Dutch media, from Latin media.
* Semantic loan from English media.

the means, channel, or agency by which an aim is achieved.

(biology) a nutrient solution for the growth.

medium,
a nutrient solution for the growth.

means and institutions for publishing and broadcasting information.

(computing) a particular form of storage for digitized information, such as magnetic tape or discs.


flan

From English flan, from French flan (“cheesecake, custard tart, flan”), or in some uses (in reference to Spanish/Latin American flans) later from Spanish flan (itself from the French), both from Old French flaon (whence also Middle English flaon, flaun (“pie; cake”)), from Late Latin fladonem, accusative of fladō (“flat cake”), from Frankish *flaþō (“flat cake”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂t- (“broad, flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to spread out, be broad, be flat”).

(cooking) flan: baked tart with sweet or savoury filling in an open-topped pastry case.


amulet

amulét (canonical)
amulet-amulet (plural)

From Dutch amulet, from French amulette, from Middle French, from Latin amulētum.


abad

Borrowed from Arabic أَبَد (ʔabad, “eternity, eternal duration”) via Malay abad

bor+

batu nisan itu diperkirakan berumur satu abad

that tombstone is approximately a century years old

(literally) century, a period of 100 consecutive years.

age, an uncertain or undetermined of time

abad alabid


luka

Inherited from Malay luka, from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, Proto-Austronesian *Nuka.

An injury, such as a cut, stab, or tear, to a (usually external) part of the body.

(figurative) A hurt to a person's feelings, reputation, prospects, etc.


format

From Dutch formaat, from German Format, from New Latin liber fōrmātus (“book fashioned”), from fōrmō (“I shape, fashion”).


dab

From English dub, a shortening of the word double.

dub: the replacement of a voice part in a movie or cartoon, particularly with a translation; an instance of dubbing.


dab

From Arabic ضَبّ (ḍabb), from Proto-Semitic *ṣ́abb-.

dabb lizard, Egyptian mastigure, Egyptian spiny-tailed lizard, Leptien's mastigure, Egyptian uromastyx, or Egyptian dabb lizard (Uromastyx aegyptia).


dab

a kind of mat measuring approximately 2 m, made of woven pandan leaves that are connected by stitching


nama

From Malay nama (“name”), from Classical Malay nama (“name”), from Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”).

name (word or phrase indicating a particular person, place, class or thing)


ego

From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of eke.


OTT

Initialism of operasi tangkap tangan (literally “hand-catching operation”).


kibbutz

Unadapted borrowing from Hebrew קִבּוּץ (kibúts), derived from the root קָבַץ (kaváts, “to gather, collect, assemble”).

ubor

kibbutz: a community, usually an agricultural one in Israel, based on a high level of social and economical sharing, equality, direct democracy and tight social relations.


breve

Borrowed from Dutch breve (“breve”), from Latin brevis (“short”).

(orthography) breve: a semicircular diacritical mark (˘) placed above a vowel, commonly used to mark its quantity as short.


première

Unadapted borrowing from French première. Doublet of premier.


coro

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ (coro, “cockroach”).

bor+

(colloquial) cockroach: a black or brown straight-winged insect of the order Blattodea.


ako

From Hakka 阿哥 (â-kô, “elder brother”). Doublet of akeo and engkoh.


data

datum,
a fact known from direct observation.

a premise from which conclusions are drawn.

information, especially in a scientific or computational context, or with the implication that it is organized.

recorded observations that are usually presented in a structured format.

(computing) a representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process.


porta

Learned borrowing from Latin porta, from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (“to pass through/over”), probably as a feminine nominalization of *pr-tó- (“passed (through), crossed”). Doublet of portal.


komputer

komputêr (canonical)
komputer-komputer (plural)

From English computer. Doublet of kantor and konter.

(computing) computer, a programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media.


argentum

Learned borrowing from Latin argentum (“silver”).


kondom

From Dutch condoom, from English condom.
* The sense of protective case or cover is comparable to the Dutch synonym kous (“condom, mantle”, literally “stocking, sock”).

(literal) condom: A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STDs.


jus

From English juice, from Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”).

a liquid from a plant, especially fruit.


jus

From English deuce, from Middle English dewes (“two”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French deus, from Latin duo.

(sports, tennis) deuce: A tied game where either player can win by scoring two consecutive points.


bu

(slightly informal, between two speakers) mam

slightly informal; between two speakers; slightly informal; between two speakers


dos-à-dos

Unadapted borrowing from French dos-à-dos (literally “back-to-back”).

ubor

(dance) dos a dos: a move in square dancing in which two dancers face each other, then step forward and left until they have right shoulders adjacent, then move to a position where they are back to back, then move to have left shoulders adjacent, then return to facing each other.


lis

From Dutch lijst, from Italian lista, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *leizd (“band, border”).

der

list, a register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself.


lis

From Dutch lijst, from Middle Dutch lijste, from Old Dutch *līsta, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *leizd (“band, border”).


web

From English web, from Middle English webbe, from Old English webb, from Proto-Germanic *wabją, from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).


avoirdupois

Unadapted borrowing from English avoirdupois, from Middle English avoir de pois, aver de peis, haburdy poyse, haburdepays, haburdepeyse, from Old French aveir + de + peis (“asset of weight”), influenced by Middle French avoir + du + pois.

ubor

The official system of weights used in the UK between 1856 and 1963. It had been the customary system in London since 1300.

The official system of weights used in the USA between 1866 and 1959.


aviator

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


tren

From English trend, from Middle English trenden "to roll about, turn, revolve", from Old English trendan "to roll about, turn, revolve" from Proto-Germanic *trandijaną (“to revolve”).

der

trend: an inclination in a particular direction; a tendency.

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


ali

Inherited from Malay ali, from Arabic عَلِيّ (ʕaliyy).


virus

Borrowed from Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

(uncountable) a quantity of such infectious agents.

virus
a quantity of such infectious agents.

(metonymically) a disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.

(computing) a type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data.


les

From Dutch les (“course, lesson”), from Middle Dutch lesse, from Latin lēctiō.

(education, colloquial) cram school, private tuition.


din

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


logika

From Malay logika from Dutch logica, from Latin logica.

the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

a method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method.


maestro

Borrowed from Dutch maestro, from Italian maestro, from Latin magister (“master”). Doublet of magister, master, and mester.

maestro: a master in some art, especially a composer or conductor.


politik

From Malay politik, from Dutch politiek (“politics”), from French politique, from Ancient Greek πολιτική (politikḗ, “relating to the state; politics”), πόλις (pólis, “city, state”). By analogy with Aristotle’s "τα πολιτικά" ('affairs of state').

(politics) a methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement.

political maneuvers or diplomacy between people, groups, or organizations, especially involving power, influence or conflict.


skala

From Dutch schaal (“scale”) or Portuguese escala, form Latin scala.

An ordered, usually numerical sequence used for measurement, means of assigning a magnitude.

The ratio of depicted distance to actual distance; A line or bar associated with a drawing, used to indicate measurement when the image has been magnified or reduced.

(mathematics) radix: A mathematical base for a numeral system.

gradation; succession of ascending and descending steps and degrees; progressive series; scheme of comparative rank or order.

A standard amount of money to be received.

(Standard Malay)

(music) A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.


mes

From Dutch mess (“mess”), from English mess, from Middle English mes, partly from Old English mēse, mēose (“table”); and partly from Old French mes, Late Latin missum, from mittō (“to put, place (e.g. on the table)”). Doublet of misa.


mes

From English mesh, from Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).

(engineering) mesh, structure or opening.


mes

From Dutch mest (“manure”), from Middle Dutch mest, from Old Dutch *mist, from Proto-Germanic *mihstuz. Semantic loan from Dutch kunstmest (“artificial fertilizer”).


mes

From Dutch mes (“blade”), from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Cognate of Japanese メス (mesu, “medical knife”) and Korean 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”).

der

Kemudian tampak fasia, diinsisi dengan memberikan mes no 22 dan dijepit dengan memberikan pinset cirurgis.

Fascia appeared, incised with 22 blade and clamped with surgical forceps.

Berikan mes no 15 dan pinset chirurgi pada operator untuk insisi kulit sampai fasia.

Give the blade 15 and surgical forceps to the operator for skin incision to the fascia.

(surgery, colloquial) scalpel, blade, medical knife.


lapis

Inherited from Malay lapis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapis (“stone slab, thin layer”).


mag

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch maag (“stomach”), from Middle Dutch māge, from Old Dutch *mago, from Proto-Germanic *magô.


fotograf

* From Dutch fotograaf.
* Semantic loan from English photograph for photo sense.

photograph: a picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.


vagina

Learned borrowing from Latin vāgīna (“a sheath, scabbard; a covering, sheath, holder”).

lbor

(anatomy) A passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.

(zootomy) A similar part in some invertebrates and non-mammalian amniotes.

(colloquial) The vulva, or collectively, the vulva and the vaginal passage.


ala

(law) land, with the owner or descendants still have the main rights in that land.


visum

From Dutch visum, from Latin visum (“something seen”).

(rare) visa: a permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited.

visum et repertum
visum et repertum#Indonesian

(colloquial, medicine, law) short for visum et repertum (“coroner report/professional witness statement”, literally “seen and discovered”).


sup

From Dutch soep (“soup”), from French soupe, from Latin suppa, from Proto-Germanic *supô.

Satu di antaranya adalah soto dan sup.


kobra

From Dutch cobra, from Portuguese cobra, from Latin colubra (“snake”).

venomous snake from certain genera of the family Elapidae, especially of the genus Naja.

(zoology) cobra:
especially Indian cobra (Naja naja).


matematika

matématika (canonical)
matematika-matematika (plural)

Either from Dutch mathematica or a learned borrowing from Latin, from Latin mathematica, from Ancient Greek μαθηματικός (mathēmatikós, “mathematical”).


kudu

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese kuḍu (“bud”).


kudu

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kudu</i>

red paint for coloring batik cloth, made from the roots or bark of the mengkudu tree


kama

From Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

love, especially sexual love or sensuality.

personification of love or desire as deity.


kamera

From Dutch camera, from English camera, from New Latin camera obscura (“dark chamber”), from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”). Doublet of kamar and kamerad.

der

camera, a device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs.


venison

Borrowed from English venison, from Middle English venisoun, venesoun, from Anglo-Norman veneisun, venesoun, venesun (“meat of large game, particularly deer or boar; hunt”), from Latin vēnātiō, vēnātiōnem (“hunt; meat from a hunt”), formed on vēnātus, perfect participle of vēnor (“I hunt”).


fez

Unadapted borrowing from French fez, from Ottoman Turkish فس (fes) (modern Turkish fes).

fez: a felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone, having a flat top with a tassel attached.


diameter

From Dutch diameter, from French diamètre, from Latin diametrus, from Ancient Greek διάμετρος (diámetros).


tata

From Malay tata, from Javanese ꦠꦠ (tata), from Old Javanese tatā (“arrangement, ordering; fixed order, rule”), from Pali tathā (“in this way”), from Sanskrit तथा (tathā, “in that manner”). Doublet of titi.
* Semantic loan from Dutch ordening (“tidying up, bringing in order”).
* Semantic loan from English system.


golf

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English golf, most likely from Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“club”).

(sports) golf: A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.


cucu

From Malay cucu, from Proto-Malayic *cucuʔ, probably from duplication of Proto-Mon-Khmer *cuuʔ (“grandchild”).


dewa

From Malay dewa, from Sanskrit देव (deva, “god”).


buldog

From Dutch buldog, from English bulldog.

A breed of dog developed in England by the crossing of the bullbaiting dog and the Pug to produce a ladies companion dog. Having a very smooth coat, a flattened face, wrinkly cheeks, powerful front legs and smaller hind legs.

A 5-shot traditional double-action revolver designed by Doug McClenahan and produced by Charter Arms.


pal

From Dutch paal (“pole”), from Middle Dutch pâel, from Old Dutch pāl, from Latin pālus. Semantic loan from Dutch mijlpaal (“milestone”).

milestone, one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals, typically at the side of the road or in a median.


aba

Inherited from Malay aba, from Proto-Malayic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.


aba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧ (aba, “sign, sound; order, command; to order, command; spoken word; to say, to speak”).

bor+

signals in the form of knocking sounds on walls and so on which are usually heard before the death of a family member


senator

Borrowed from Dutch senator, from Latin senātor, ultimately from senex (“old”).

(government) a member, normally elected, in the house or chamber of a legislature called a senate, as, for instance, the legislatures of the United States and Canada.

(historical) a member of the ancient Roman Senate.

senator:
a member of the ancient Roman Senate.

(historical) a member of a governing council in other states in the ancient world.

a member of the ruler’s council or governing council in general, a leading statesman.


Arab

From Malay Arab,
from Classical Malay عرب (Arab), from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab).

A Semitic person, whose forebears were from Arabia

An inhabitant of Arabia or the Arab world


aperitif

From Dutch aperitief, from French apéritif (literally “opening”), from Medieval Latin aperītīvus (“opening”, adjective).


judoka

From Japanese 柔道家 (じゅうどうか, jūdōka, “judo practitioner”).

bor

じゅうどうか, jūdōka


bandana

From English bandana, from Hindi बन्धन (bandhan, “he ties”), from Sanskrit बध्नाति (badhnāti, “he binds”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, bond”).


snorkel

snorkêl (canonical)
snorkel-snorkel (plural)

Borrowed from English snorkel, from German Schnorchel (“snorkel”).

a hollow tube, held in the mouth, or mounted on and opening into a diving mask, used by swimmers for breathing underwater.

snort: a retractable tube fitted in diesel-engine submarines to allow sufficient ventilation that the engines may be used at periscope depth.


pes

From Dutch pest, from Middle French peste (whence French peste), ultimately from Latin pestis.


barik

From Malay barik, probably from Persian باریک (bârik, “penetrating”).

vein: a stripe or streak of a different colour or composition.


pinta

Inherited from Malay pinta. Doublet of minta.


opium

From Dutch opium, from Middle Dutch opium, from Latin opium, from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion). Doublet of apiun.

opium: a yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.


siap

abbreviation of sisa anggaran pembangunan (“unspend development fund”).


milieu

miliêu (canonical)
milieu-milieu (plural)


integral

intêgral (canonical)
integral-integral (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch integraal (“integral”), from French intégral, from Medieval Latin integrālis, from Latin integer (“entire”).


bon mot

Borrowed from Dutch bon mot (“bon mot, witticism”), from French bon mot (literally “good word”).


saga

From Malay saga, from Proto-Malayic *saga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saga.

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


acar

From Malay acar, from Classical Malay اچر (acar), from Classical Persian آچار (āčār, “pickle, marinade”). Doublet of acara, acarya, ajar, and hajar.


slot

From Dutch slot, from Middle Dutch slot, from Old Dutch *slot, from Proto-Germanic *slutą.

slot; lock (an implement for barring, bolting or locking)


slot

From English slot, from Old French esclot, likely from Old Norse slóð (“track”).

slot (a narrow depression, perforation, or aperture)

slot (a period of time or position within a schedule or sequence)

(computing) slot (a space in memory or on disk)

(gambling) Clipping of mesin slot (“slot, slot machine”)


modern

modèrn (canonical)
modern-modern (plural)

From Dutch modern, from Middle French moderne, from Latin modernus, from modo (“just now”), originally ablative of modus (“measure”); hence, by measure, "just now". Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modus.


flop

From Dutch flop, from English flop, perhaps a variant of flap. The sport sense is semantic loan from English.

flop (to strike about with something broad and flat, to rise and fall, to flap)


monyet

From Malay monyet, from Proto-Malayic *muñit.


aksara

From Malay aksara, from Classical Malay اكسارا (aksara), from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara, “syllable, letter”).

der

aksara Tionghoa


cabai

From Malay cabai, from Old Javanese cabe, cabya, cawya, cawi (“pepper”), from Sanskrit चव्य, चवि (cavya, cavi, “Piper chaba”).

chili: the pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.

chili pepper: any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin.


cabai

flowerpecker (any member of the family Dicaeidae of passerine birds, many of which feed on nectar)


pawana

Inherited from Malay pawana, from Sanskrit पवन (pavana).


aba-aba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧꦲꦧ (aba-aba, “verbal command”).


belerang

bêlérang (canonical)
belerang-belerang (plural)

From Malay belerang, from Proto-Malayic *bAliraŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *baliraŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *baliraŋ.


teh

From Malay teh (“tea”), from Hokkien 茶 (tê).

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual


misa

From Malay misa, borrowed from Portuguese missa (“mass”), from Old Galician-Portuguese missa, from Late Latin missa (“mass”), from Latin mittō (“I send”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange, remove”). Doublet of mes.


gema

(physics) a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

(physics) an utterance repeating what has just been said.


ninja

(historical) ninja, a person trained in ninjutsu, especially one used for espionage, assassination, and other tasks requiring stealth during Japan's shogunate period.

unidentified assassin with black clothes and mask


lada

Inherited from Malay lada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq or *laja.
* Semantic loan from Minangkabau lado (“chili pepper”) whether through first contact in progenitor Malay dialects or later post-independence.


bandar

From Malay bandar (“harbour, port”), from Persian بندر (bandar, “port, harbour”).


bandar

Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar).

bookmaker, bookie: a person (or a business) who calculates odds and accepts bets.

croupier, banker: the person who collects bets and pays out winnings at a gambling table.

bandar narkoba

(usually in negative sense) dealer of something


matra

From Sanskrit मात्रा (mātrā, “measure”). Doublet of meter.
* Displaced Dutch dimensie (“dimension”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

matra,
(music) a measure of cadence pressure.

(poetic) a measure of the length of a syllable; equivalent to mora.


bea

zh-l

傌仔／骂仔 (bé-á)

→ Min Nan: 傌仔／骂仔 (bé-á)

Inherited from Malay bea, from Javanese ꦧꦺꦪ (béya), from Old Javanese beya, from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya). Doublet of biaya.
* Displaced Dutch recht (“a formal fee, custom, duty to be paid”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(law, government) customs: the duties or taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.


bin

From Malay bin,
from Classical Malay bin, from Arabic بِن (bin, “son”).


geta

From Malay geta, from Classical Persian کت (kat, “throne”).


singa

→ Nalca: singa

From Malay singa, from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).


bakat

Inherited from Malay bakat. Compare Tagalog bakat.

talent:
a marked natural ability or skill.

talent:
a desire or inclination for something.


kamikaze

Borrowed from Japanese 神風(かみかぜ) (kamikaze, “divine wind”).

the typhoons that saved Japan from invasion, divine wind

a kamikaze, a suicide pilot in World War Two


editor

From English editor, from Medieval Latin ēditor, from Late Latin ēditor, from ēditus, perfect passive participle of ēdō (“give out, put forth, publish”).

a person at a newspaper, publisher or similar institution who edits stories and/or decides which ones to publish.

(computing) a program for creating and making changes to files, especially text files.


plot

From Dutch plot, from English plot, from Middle English plot, plotte, from Old English plot (“a plot of ground”), from Proto-Germanic *plataz, *platjaz (“a patch”), of uncertain origin.


bayonet

From Dutch bajonet, from French baïonnette.

(military) a pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.

(engineering) a pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.


basil

From Dutch bacil, from French bacille, from German Bazillus or translingual Bacillus, coined by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.


basil

From English basil, from Old French basile, from Medieval Latin basilicum, from Ancient Greek βασιλικόν (basilikón, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”).

der

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


material

From Dutch materiaal. Doublet of materiel.

material: matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.


terima kasih

terima (“receive”) + kasih (“care”), from Malay terima kasih.


hidrogen

* From Malay hidrogen, from English hydrogen
* From Dutch hydrogenium, from New Latin hydrogenium
Both from French hydrogène, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) + γεννάω (gennáō).


studio

From Dutch studio, from English studio, from Italian studio (“room for study”), from Latin studium. Doublet of etude and studi.

an artist’s or photographer’s workshop or the room in which an artist works.

a place where radio or television programs, records or films are made.


akustik

From Dutch akoestiek (“acoustics”), from French acoustique, which coined by the physicist Joseph Sauveur (1653–1716) from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “hear”).
* Semantic loan from English acoustic.

acoustics: quality of a space (such as absorption and echo-effects) for hearing music and other sounds.


pala

From Malay pala, from Sanskrit फल (phala). Doublet of pahala.

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual


bong

From Hokkien 墓 (bōng, “grave; tomb”). Compare Khmer ម៉ុង (mong).


bong

From Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦁ (bong, “person other than a doctor who performs a circumcision”). Doublet of orang and wong.

bor

traditional circumcisor (person who carries out circumcision)


bong

From Thai บ้อง (bɔ̂ng, “a marijuana pipe”), ultimately from Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅga).


mantra

spell (a formula supposed to have magical powers)


limit

Internationalism, from Dutch limiet, from Middle Dutch limiten, from Old French limite, from Latin līmes.

the final, utmost, or furthest point; the border or edge.

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).


malaria

From Dutch malaria, from Italian malaria, formed from mal- (“bad”) and aria (“air”).

(medicine) malaria, a disease spread by mosquito, in which a protozoan, Plasmodium, multiplies in blood every few days.


magnet

Borrowed from Dutch magneet, from Middle Dutch magneet, from older magnes, from Latin magnēs, from Ancient Greek μαγνήτης λίθος (magnḗtēs líthos).

der

μαγνήτης λίθος

(electromagnetism) a piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism.


guru

From Malay guru, ultimately Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “guru, teacher, sage”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”). Doublet of brutal and bruto.

(education) teacher: a person who teaches, especially one employed in a school.

specifically, graduate of teacher professional education.

guru: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya.


pastor

From Dutch pastoor, from Middle Dutch pastōor, from Latin pāstor, from pāscō (“to feed, maintain, pasture, graze”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”).

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) parish priest


yen

From the influence of earlier Portuguese romanizations, of Japanese 圓 (“round; a round object”) as ye or yen, now 円 (en), from Chinese 銀圓 /银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”): 銀 /银 (yín, “silver”) + 圓 /圆 (yuán, “circular, round; yuan, yen, dollar”). Cognate with Chinese 元 (yuán, “monetary unit, especially RMB”) and Korean 원 (won, “North or South Korean won”).

cog

yen, the unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen.


futon

From Japanese 布団(ふとん) (futon), 布團(ふとん) (futon), from Middle Chinese 蒲團 (bu-dwan, “meditation cushion”) (compare Mandarin 蒲团 (pútuán)), from 蒲 (buo, “cattail”) + 團 (duɑn, “sphere, round object”).

bor

futon: a Japanese-style mattress or duvet; a thin mattress of tufted cotton or similar material, placed on a floor or on a raised, foldable frame as a bed.


bonsai

id-noun

bonsai (countable and uncountable, plural bonsai-bonsai)

From Japanese 盆栽(ぼんさい) (bonsai), from Middle Chinese 盆 (MC bwon, “bowl”) + 栽 (MC tsoj|dzojH, “to plant”).

A tree or plant that has been miniaturized by planting it in a small pot, restricting its roots, and by careful pruning.

The art of planting and growing trees or plants in such a manner.


lateral

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

(anatomy) an object, such as a passage or a protrusion, that is situated on the side of something else.

(phonetics, phonology) A sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral).


panel

berpanel

panelled, having a panel; having a board

panel (an usually rectangular section of a surface; a plain strip or band)

(comics) panel (an individual frame or drawing in a comic)

panel (a group of people gathered to judge, interview, discuss etc.)

board (a device containing electrical switches and other controls)


bira

Alocasia macrorrhizos
Alocasia macrorrhizos#Translingual

giant taro, elephant ear taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos)


laki

From Malay laki, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Old Malay lāki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki, from Proto-Austronesian *laki.


hentai

From English hentai, a semantic shift from Japanese 変態(へんたい) (hentai, “pervert”).


semen

Borrowed from Dutch cement (“cement”), from Old French ciment, from Latin caementum (“quarry stone; stone chips for making mortar”), from caedō (“I cut, hew”). Cognate with Afrikaans sement (“cement”). The sense “cementum” is a semantic loan from English cement.

der

cement, the layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth; cementum.


semen

Learned borrowing from Latin sēmen (“semen, seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow; plant”).

der

(medicine) semen, the fluid, produced in male reproductive organs of an animal, that contains the reproductive cells.


level

From English level, from Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”).


kuna

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kúna/ку́на.

kuna: the former (until 2023) currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa.


model

From Dutch model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus. Doublet of mode, modern, modul, and modus.

doublet

a person who serves as a subject for artwork or fashion, usually in the medium of photography but also for painting or drawing.

a person, usually an attractive female, hired to show items or goods to the public, such as items given away as prizes on a TV game show.

a representation of a physical object, usually in miniature.

(psychology) role model, a person who serves as an example, whose behavior is emulated by others


emas

mengemasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengemaskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

peremasan [causative passive + resultative

(dialect) a unit of mass about 2.5 gram for gold


region

From English region, from Middle English regioun, from Anglo-Norman regiun, from Latin regiō, from regō. Doublet of regio.

region: an administrative subdivision of a city, a territory, a country.


paragraf

From Dutch paragraaf (“paragraph”), from Middle French paragraphe, from Latin paragraphus (“sign for start of a new section of discourse”), from Ancient Greek παράγραφος (parágraphos), from παρά (pará, “beside”) and γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).


bates

(colloquial, dialectal, chiefly Java) Alternative form of batas


bezel

(computing) bezel: the area on the front of a computing device surrounding the display.


buret

(chemistry) burette: a glass tube with fine gradations and a stopcock at the bottom, used in laboratory procedures for accurate fluid dispensing and titration.


anode

From Dutch anode, from English anode, from Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) and ὁδός (hodós, “path”), forming the New Greek compound ἄνοδος (ánodos).


bor

Borrowed from English board, from Proto-West Germanic *bord, from Proto-Germanic *burdą (“board; plank; table”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerdʰ- (“to cut”). Cognate of Dutch bord.


surat

→ Tetum: surat

From Malay surat, from Proto-Malayic *surat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”).


surat

(Islam) alternative form of surah (“sura”).


imam

From Malay imam, from Arabic إمام (ʔimām, “leader, imam”).


alum

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦩ꧀ (alum, “not shining, wilted; weak; almost healed”), from Old Javanese alum, alūm, alöm (“withered”).


alum

coir for washing kitchen utensils, made from synthetic fibers with a rough texture


alfabet

From Dutch alfabet, from Late Latin alphabētum, from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).

alphabet (an ordered set of letters used in a language)


atrium

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

atrium:
(anatomy) cavity, entrance, or passage.

(anatomy) one of two upper chambers of the heart.

atrium:
one of two upper chambers of the heart.


audit

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch audit, from Latin audītus, audiō (“I hear”).


batik

From Javanese bathik (ꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətik (“tattoo”), from Proto-Austronesian *bəCik.

batio (a wax-resist method of dyeing fabric)

batik (a texture-picture drawing on a textile material by using wax)


basal

From Dutch basalt, from French basalte, from Middle French basalte, from Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”).

(geology) basalt: a hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.


basal

From Malay basal (“dropsy”), from Arabic بَصَل (baṣal, “onion, bulb”).


geyser

(geology, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of geiser (“geyser”)


aorta

From Dutch aorta, from Latin aorta, from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”).

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.


motif

From Dutch motief, from Middle Dutch motijf, from Old French motif (Modern French motif), from Late Latin mōtivus.

A recurring or dominant element; an artistic theme.

(music, literature) A short melodic or lyrical passage that is repeated in several parts of a work.

(law) motive (something which causes someone to want to commit a crime; a reason for criminal behaviour)


junta

(politics) junta: a council, convention, tribunal or assembly; the ruling council of a military dictatorship.


boa

From Dutch boa, from Middle Dutch boa, from Latin boa.


taring

From Malay taring,
from Classical Malay taring.


rondo

From Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of raun, ronda, and ronde.

(music) rondo: a musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.


pol

From English poll or Dutch poll, from Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“round object, head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *bolno-, *bōwl- (“orb, round object, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”).


situs

site:
(archaeology) archaeological site.


pilar

From Dutch pilaar, from Medieval Latin pīlāre, from Latin pīla (“a pillar”).

(architecture) a large post, often used as supporting architecture.

(figurative) an essential part of something that provides support.

(nautical) mast: a tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, the sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires.


haiku

Borrowed from Japanese 俳(はい)句(く) (haiku), from Middle Chinese 俳 (bˠɛi, “paralleled [writing]”) + 句 (kɨoᴴ, “line”).


lop

From Dutch loop, from Middle Dutch lôop, from Old Dutch *lōp.


troika

From Russian тро́йка (trójka, “a group of three”).

bor

(transport) troika: a Russian carriage drawn by a team of three horses abreast.


tapis

From Malay tapis (“to filter; to sieve; to censor”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapis (“loincloth; to skim; to filter”). Doublet of tepis (“to counter, to skim”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦥꦶꦱ꧀ (tapis, “thoroughly; completely”) for sense of adroit, deft, nimble and such, from Old Javanese tapis (“thin”), from the same Proto-Malayo-Polynesian word.
* Semantic loan from Lampung Api tapis for fabric, cloth, to cover, to weave and so on, from the same Proto-Malayo-Polynesian word. Cognate of Old Javanese tapih (“garment worn by women around the lower part”).

cog

a gold-embroidered woven fabric (usually worn by women)


serum

Borrowed from Dutch serum (“serum”), from Latin serum.

(hematology) the clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.

(immunology) blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.

a watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister.

(skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing.


serum

acronym of serangan umum (“general offensive”).


pion

→ Malay: pion

From Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


bonanza

Borrowed from Spanish bonanza (“calm sea, fair weather, good luck, rich lode”), from Medieval Latin bonacia (“fair weather”), a blend of bonus (“good”) + malacia (“calm sea”).

blend

bonanza, gold mine, lucky strike, sweet deal


gala

From Dutch gala (“ball”), from French gala, from Spanish gala, from Old Spanish gala, from Old French gale (“rejoicing”). Ultimately cognate to gallant and hence probably from Frankish *wala (“good, well”).


arbiter

arbiter, arbitrator: a person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them.


valid

From English valid, from Middle French valide (“healthy, sound, in good order”), from Latin validus, from valeō (“I am strong, I am healthy, I am worth”) + -idus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”).


master

id-noun

mastêr (plural master-master or para master)

mastêr (canonical)
master-master (plural)
para master (plural)

From Dutch master. Doublet of maestro, magister, and mester.

doublet

master (someone who has control over something or someone)

master (the original of a document or of a recording)

(education) master (a type of postgraduate degree, usually undertaken after a bachelor degree)


sima

Borrowed from English sima (“lower layer of Earth's outer crust”), blend of silicon + magnesium.

bor+

(geology) sima: The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium.


sima

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

der

(archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes


tas

→ Ternate: tas

From Dutch tas, from Middle Dutch tassche, tasche, from Old Dutch *taska, from Frankish, from Proto-Germanic *taskǭ. Compare Old High German tasca (modern German Tasche), Middle Low German taske, English tasse.


douche

Unadapted borrowing from French douche, from Italian doccia. Doublet of dus.

shower: an instance of using of bathing device in order to bathe oneself.


sen

→ Min Nan: 占, 仙.

From Dutch cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Dengan redenominasi, Bank Indonesia membangkitkan kembali penggunaan uang sen di tengah masyarakat.

With the redenomination, Bank Indonesia revives the usage of cents amongst the general population.


lorgnette

Unadapted borrowing from French lorgnette, lorgner (“to take a sidelong look at”) (from Middle French lorgne (“crosseyed”)).


fauna

From Dutch fauna, from New Latin fauna, from Latin Fauna, sister of Faunus (“god of forests and herdsmen”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₂w-.

(zoology) animals considered as a group; especially those of a particular country, region, time.

(zoology) a book, cataloguing the animals of a country.


meiosis

Borrowed from English meiosis, from Ancient Greek μείωσις (meíōsis, “a lessening”).

der

(cytology) meiosis: cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes.


pas

Borrowed from Dutch passend, pas, from Middle Dutch pas, passen, from Old French pas, from Latin passus, pandere (“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European *patno-, *pete- (“to spread, stretch out”).
* Sense of "to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from" is semantic loan from Malay pas or English pass which both are cognate of above.

pass, permission or license to pass, or to go and come


diabetes

(medicine) diabetes, a general term referring to any of various disorders characterized by excessive urination (polyuria).

diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus#English

(medicine, colloquial) diabetes mellitus, a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia


mime

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch mime, from French mime, from Latin mimus, from Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos).


embargo

From Dutch embargo, from Spanish embargo or French embargo (itself from Spanish), from Spanish embargar (“to arrest”), from Latin in- + Vulgar Latin *barra.

an order by the government prohibiting ships from leaving port.

embargo:
a ban on trade with another country.

a temporary ban on making certain information public.


gap

beating, the sound of action by which someone or something is beaten.


gap

From English gap, from Middle English gap, gappe, a borrowing from Old Norse gap (“an empty space, gap, chasm”).

the disparity between communities with regard to life expectancy, education, health, etc.


bait

From Malay bait, from Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

home (house or structure in which someone lives)

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)

(literature) stanza (a unit of a poem, often in the form of a paragraph)


siesta

sièsta (canonical)
siesta-siesta (plural)

Borrowed from Spanish siesta (“siesta, nap”), from Latin sexta (hora) (“sixth hour, noon”), feminine of sextus (“sixth”).


rase

small Indian civet (Viverricula indica).


reserve

rêsérvê (canonical)
reserve-reserve (plural)

From Dutch reserve, from Old French reserver.


lap

From Dutch lap, from Middle Dutch lap, lappe, from Old Dutch lap, from Proto-Germanic *lappa-, *lappô (“rag, cloth”), of uncertain origin, possibly Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”).

der

rag (a piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.)


lap

From English lap, from Middle English lappen (“to fold, wrap”) from earlier wlappen (“to fold, wrap”), from Old English *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian (“to wrap”), from Proto-Germanic *wlapp-, *wrapp- (“to wrap, fold, roll up, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).

lap (the traversal of one length of the pool)


amnesia

From Ancient Greek ἀμνησία (amnēsía, “forgetfulness”), a noun derivation from μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō, “to remind, to remember”).


gang

→ Min Nan: 澗 /涧 (kàn, “narrow street”)

From Dutch gang (“passageway, alley”), from Middle Dutch ganc, from Old Dutch gank, gang, from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”). Doublet of geng.

gang buntu

alleyway, alley, narrow street. A narrow pathway bound by walls on both sides


stadium

From Dutch stadium (“stadium, life stage; stage, phase”), from Latin stadium (“a measure of length, a race course”), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “a measure of length, a running track”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Doublet of stadion.

der

(biology) stadium: a life stage of an organism.

kanker payudara stadium IV


padi

Inherited from Malay padi, from Proto-Malayic *padi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay, from Proto-Austronesian *pajay.


laksa

From Malay laksa, possibly either:
* Classical Persian لاکچه (lākča, “pasta put into broth”)
* Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā, “red dye; lac”)
Compare Old Javanese lāka (“lac; red”).

laksa, a spicy stew from Indonesia or Malaysia.


tang

From Dutch tang, from Middle Dutch tanghe, from Old Dutch tanga, from Proto-Germanic *tangō.


babi

→ Dutch: babi

From Malay babi, from Proto-Malayic *babi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Doublet of bagong.

2023-05-03, Video by Amien Rais Official, youtube.com

We are not a dumb nation ruled by cruel leaders and then by greedy ones.

KITA BUKAN BANGSA "KAMBING" YANG RELA DIKUASAI OLEH PARA "SERIGALA" DAN AKHIRNYA PARA "BABI".

Aidit babi!

(vulgar) a contemptible person, a motherfucker


caisson

Unadapted borrowing from French caisson (“caisson”), from Old Occitan caisson, caissa.

ubor

(engineering) caisson: an enclosure from which water can be expelled, in order to give access to underwater areas for engineering works etc.


alumni

Para alumni SMA ini sedang mengadakan reuni.

The alumni of this high school are having a reunion.

Pak Tarjo adalah alumni kami.
Mr. Tarjo is our alumnus.


FT

(education) Initialism of fakultas teknik.


bonbon

From Dutch bonbon, from French bonbon, reduplication of bon (“good”), from Latin bonus.


cetera

From Malay cetera (“parasol”), from Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra). Doublet of cadar.


batu

Inherited from Malay batu, from Proto-Malayic *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.
* For the sense of battery, compare to dialectal Chinese 電石／电石 (“battery”, literally “electric stone”) and Japanese 電石(エレクトレット) (erekutoretto, “electret”).
* For the sense of gemstone and agate, compare to Baba Malay batu (“gem”, literally “stone”) and Japanese 石(せき) (seki, counter for gemstones).

cog

an artificial jewel, especially one that is used to smooth the shafts of a watch

flint (a hard fine-grained quartz which generates sparks when struck)

milestone (one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals)


lot

→ Balinese: ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “lottery”)

From Dutch lot, from Proto-Germanic *hlutą.

(manufacturing) a separate portion; a number of things taken collectively.


pil

From Dutch pil (“pill”), from Middle Dutch pille, from Medieval Latin pilla, from Latin pilula, diminutive of pila (“ball”).

(medicine, pharmacy) pill: a small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication.


imperium

impérium (canonical)
imperium-imperium (plural)

From Dutch imperium, from Latin imperium.


paranoid

Internationalism, borrowed from English paranoid.


cedilla

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish cedilla.


bah

Inherited from Malay bah, from Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.


organisme

From Dutch organisme, from French organisme.


fungi

From Latin fungi (plural form of fungus).


produk domestik bruto

Compound of produk (“product”) + domestik (“domestic”) + bruto (“gross”), calque of English gross domestic product or calque of Dutch bruto binnenlands product (“gross domestic product”).

cal

Coordinate term: pendapatan nasional bruto

gross domestic product
gross domestic product

gross domestic product (economic production of a particular territory)


pamper

From Dutch pamper, from the genericized trademark of English Pampers, a brand of diapers, from English pamper, from Middle English pamperen (“to cram with food”), from Middle Dutch *pamperen (“to cram with food”), frequentative of *pampen (“to stuff”), from Proto-Germanic *pamp- (“to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bamb- (“round object”).


kaf

The twenty-second letter of the Arabic alphabet. ك (k)


rabies

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch rabiës, from Latin rabies (“madness”).

(pathology, neurology) rabies: an infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


reservoir

rêsérvoir (canonical)
reservoir-reservoir (plural)

From Dutch reservoir, from French réservoir.


biro

From Dutch bureau (“bureau”), from French bureau, from Middle French burel, from Old French burel.


mestizo

mèstizo (canonical)
mestizo-mestizo (plural)

Borrowed from Spanish mestizo (“mestizo”), from Latin mixtus (“mixed”).

bor+

mestizo: a person of mixed ancestry, especially one of Spanish and Native American heritage.


tutti frutti

Unadapted borrowing from Sicilian tutti frutti (“all fruits”).


diagram

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch diagram, from Ancient Greek διάγραμμα (diágramma).

a plan, drawing, sketch or outline to show how something works, or show the relationships between the parts of a whole.


magi

From Dutch magie, from French magie, from Middle French magie, from Latin magīa, from Ancient Greek μαγεία (mageía).

magic: the application of rituals or actions, especially those based on occult knowledge, to subdue or manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces in order to have some benefit from them.


karaoke

Borrowed from Japanese カラオケ (karaoke), from 空 (kara, “empty”) + オケ (oke, “orchestra”), an abbreviation of オーケストラ (ōkesutora), from English orchestra.

instrumental version
instrumental version

karaoke: a form of entertainment popular in clubs, at parties, etc, in which individual members of the public sing along to pre-recorded instrumental versions of popular songs, the lyrics of which are displayed for the singer on a screen in time with the music.


magister

magistêr (canonical)
magister-magister (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch magister, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, master, and mester.


kiln

From English kiln, from Middle English kilne, from Old English cylene or cyline (“large oven”), from Latin culīna (“kitchen, kitchen stove”).

(archaeology) kiln, an oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.


diagnose

From Dutch diagnose, from French diagnose. Ultimately from Latin diagnōsis, from Ancient Greek διάγνωσις (diágnōsis). Doublet of diagnosa and diagnosis.


harakiri

From Japanese 腹切(はらき)り (harakiri), ultimately from 腹 (hara, “belly”) + 切る (kiru, “to cut”).

hara-kiri: ceremonial suicide by disembowelment, as by slicing open the abdomen with a dagger or knife: formerly practised in Japan by the Samurai when disgraced or sentenced to death.


makar

From Malay makar, from Arabic مَكْر (makr, “plot, scheme, plan”). Semantic loan from Dutch aanslag (“attack, assault”).


wang

(informal) Informal spelling of uang (“money”).


wang

From either Teochew 王 (uang⁵, “king”) or Mandarin 王 (wáng, “king”).


poli

From Dutch poli (“clinic, outpatient clinic”), from clipping of polikliniek.

bor

Dokter dan perawat positif CoVID-19, poli rumah sakit ditutup.

Doctor and nurse tested CoVID-19 positive, hospital outpatient clinic have been closed.

(healthcare) clipping of poliklinik (“clinic, outpatient clinic”).


sumpit

From Malay sumpit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpit, from Proto-Austronesian *sumpit.


sumpit

From Baba Malay sumpit, from Hokkien 栓筆 /栓笔 (sng-pit, “holding pin”).


ide

From Dutch idee, from Middle Dutch idee, from Middle French idee (Modern French idée), from Old French idee, from Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”), from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”).


aporia

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin aporia, from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía).


avant-garde

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.


bunga

Inherited from Malay bunga, from Classical Malay bunga, from Proto-Malayic *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa. Cognate of Ilocano bunga (“fruit”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”).

(botany) a reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil.

a plant that bears flowers, especially a plant that is small and lacks wood.

something that is particularly good or pleasing.

(figurative) beauty:
someone who is beautiful.

bunga berita


bunga

Unknown
* Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).
* Semantic loan from Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “interest”, literally “childbirth, parturition; offspring”).

sl

(economics, finance) interest: the price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed.


bunga

Semantic loan from Chinese 英 (“brave, hero; outstanding person”, literally “flower”) for hero sense, by analogy of outstanding, fine, and excellent nature of hero with the sense of "beauty" in Chinese and Indonesian.

zh-l

(figurative) hero, somebody who possesses great bravery and carries out extraordinary or noble deeds.


firma

From Dutch firma, from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre, from firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). Doublet of darma and derma.


lancia

From Malay lancia, from Hokkien 人車 /人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).


vitamin

From English vitamin, earlier vitamine, from Latin vīta (“life”) (see vital) + amine.

vitamin: any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function; found in minute amounts in plant and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically; deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders.


lading

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦢꦶꦁ (lading, “knife”).


lading

Borrowed from Dutch lading (“cargo; charge, tension”).

(nautical) longboat, usually made from a whole tree trunk

(geology) pyroclastic flow, volcanic ash, tephra


seks

From English sex, from Middle English sexe (“gender”), from Old French sexe (“genitals; gender”), from Latin sexus (“gender; gender traits; males or females; genitals”), from Proto-Italic *seksus, from Proto-Indo-European *séksus, from *sek- (“to cut”), thus meaning section, division (into male and female).

der

a category into which sexually-reproducing organisms are divided on the basis of their reproductive roles in their species.


mud

Ultimately from Arabic مُدّ (mudd, “a certain dry measure”)

bor

Satu sha' setara dengan empat mud

(Islam) a dry measure (for dates, water, grains, and other things) varying in size, roughly around 510 grams.


RIP

Initialism of rencana induk pembangunan (“development master plan”).


ki

The name of the Latin-script letter Q/q.


feuilleton

Unadapted borrowing from French feuilleton (“serial, feuilleton, literary article”).


sashimi

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 刺身(さしみ) (sashimi), from 刺し (さし, sashi, “sticking into, sticking between; slicing”) + 身 (み, mi, “meat, flesh”).

(cooking, nonstandard, common) alternative spelling of sasyimi (“sashimi”).


medan

From Malay medan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos via Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), Classical Persian میدان (maydān), or Urdu میدان (maidān).

(figurative, physics) region affected by a particular force.

field.
region affected by a particular force.

(figurative, computing) area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value.


apartheid

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (“South Africa policy of racial separation”, literally “separateness, apartness”), from Dutch apartheid.

(historical) apartheid: the policy of racial separation used by South Africa from 1948 to 1990.


ku

Borrowed from Min Nan 龜／龟 (ku, “turtle; tortoise”).

(cooking) Ang ku kueh: a small round or oval-shaped Chinese sweet dumpling with soft, sticky glutinous rice flour skin wrapped around a sweet central filling.


ku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 區(く) (ku, “ward, section, district”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of desa (“village”)


sushi

Sushi dan sashimi, makanan khas Jepang yang digemari di Indonesia.

Sushi and sashimi are popular Japanese food in Indonesia.


heroin

Borrowed from English heroin, from German Heroin, originally a trademark, from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs, “hero”) and the suffix -in (“-ine”).


skim

From English skim, from Middle English skemen, skymen, variants of scumen, from Old French escumer (“to remove scum”), from escume (“froth, foam”), from Frankish *skūm (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *skew- (“to cover, conceal”).

der

skim milk: non-fat milk; milk that has had the cream removed.


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

person,
an individual; usually a human being.

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking.

the mask or appearance one presents to the world.


sore

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺ (soré, “late afternoon, early evening”), derived from Old Javanese sore (“evening”) from sorai. Compare French soirée.

bor

the second half of the afternoon; the time of the day from around 3pm until sunset


dealer

Unadapted borrowing from English dealer, from Middle English delare, from Old English dǣlere. Doublet of diler.


ester

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.


aroma

From Dutch aroma, from Latin arōma, from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma, “seasoning, spicy and/or fragrant smell”).

der

aroma: smell; especially a pleasant spicy or fragrant one.


garda

From Portuguese guarda, guardar, from Old Galician-Portuguese guardar, from Medieval Latin wardō, from Frankish *wardōn, from Proto-Germanic *wardāną (“to guard”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed, defend”). Doublet of gardu.

guard, person who or thing that protects something.


ubi

From Malay ubi, from Classical Malay ubi, from Proto-Malayic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi.


abab

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧꦧ꧀ (abab), from Old Javanese abab (“breathing, exhaling”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *epap (“clap, flap, slap”).


sila

From Malay sila, from Classical Malay sila, from Sanskrit शील (śīla, “conduct, beauty, form, virtue”). Doublet of selak.


terminator

Internationalism, ultimately from post-classical Latin terminātor.

(astronomy) the line between the day side and the night side of a moon, planet or other celestial body.

(computing) a text character or string that serves to mark the end of a document or transmission.


sala

From Sanskrit शाल (śāla, “Shorea robusta”, literally “house, hall”). Doublet of salam and syala.


premium

Learned borrowing from Latin praemium (“prize”). Doublet of premi.

lbor

a premium: money paid for e.g. an insurance.

Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional mencatat rata-rata harga gula pasir kualitas premium (per kg) harian di pasar modern di beberapa provinsi telah menyentuh angka Rp 14,33 ribu per kg.

The National Strategic Food Price Information Center noted that the average daily price of premium quality granulated sugar (per kg) in modern markets in several provinces has reach the figure of Rp. 14.33 thousand per kg.

something premium (superior in quality; higher in price or value).

Bensin dengan merek Premium (RON 88) yang dijual PT Pertamina (Persero) dan Revvo 89 (RON 89) yang dijual PT Vivo Energy Indonesia tidak boleh lagi dijual mulai tahun depan.

Gasoline of Pertamina's Premium and Vivo's Revvo 89 cannot be sold from next year.

(colloquial) Pertamina's petrol or gasoline product with octane rating of 88.

Pemerintah batal menghapuskan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) jenis bensin dengan nilai oktan (RON) 88 alias Premium dari pasaran.

Government cancel the abolishment of fuel (BBM) with an octane rating (RON) of 88 or Premium from the market.


swastika

From Malay swastika. Ultimately from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).


dinas

From Dutch dienst (“service”), from Middle Dutch dienst, from Old Dutch *thionost, from Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz, *þewanōną, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, be fluid, flow”).

der

Dinas Pendidikan

Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran


ILO

infeksi luka operasi
infeksi luka operasi#Indonesian

(surgery) Acronym of infeksi luka operasi (“surgical wound infection”).


motor

Borrowed from Dutch motor, from English motor, from Latin motor. In the sense “motorbike” or "motorcycle", motor was originally short for motorrijwiel or motorfiets.

(figuratively) important person in organization.


bumper

From Dutch bumper, from English bumper, from bump + -er.

bumper (parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision)


pistol

From Malay pistol, from Dutch pistool, from German Pistole, from Middle French pistole, from Czech píšťala (“whistle”), from Proto-Slavic *piščalь, from *piskati, *piščati (“to squeak, whistle”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-.


parabola

Learned borrowing from New Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabel.

lbor

(geometry) parabola, the conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).

(colloquial) satellite dish (a parabolic antenna)

satellite television
satellite television

(by metonymy, colloquial) satellite television (subscription)


digitalis

Internationalism, borrowed from English digitalis, from Latin digitālis (“of the fingers”) (named in reference to the German common name for the plant, Fingerhut (“thimble”)).

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual

(medicine, cardiology, pharmacology) digitalis: a medical extract of Digitalis purpurea prescribed for heart failure etc.


momentum

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum.

(mechanics) of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.


LP

lembaga pemasyarakatan
lembaga pemasyarakatan#Indonesian


adaptor

Perhaps from English adaptor with the pronunciation adapted with the orthography.

adapter (one who adapts well, or adapts something)

adapter (a device used to allow compatibility)


arena

From Dutch arena, from Latin arēna (“sand, arena”), from an earlier *hasēna (compare Sabine fasēna), possibly from Etruscan.

the building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts.

(figurative) a realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.


artisan

From French artisan, from Vulgar Latin *artītiānus, from Latin artītus (“skilled”), past participle of artiō (“I instruct in arts”), from ars (“art, skill”).


raga

From Malay raga, from Classical Malay raga (“body”), from Javanese [Term?], from Old Javanese rāga (“body, lust”), from Pali राग (rāga, “attachment, lust”), from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “passion, desire”). Doublet of ragi and ragam.

jiwa raga; jiwa dan raga


horizon

From Dutch horizon, from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

the visible horizontal line or point (in all directions) that appears to connect the Earth to the sky.

(geoglogy) a specific layer of soil or strata.

horizon:
a specific layer of soil or strata.


pagoda

From Portuguese pagode, which is via Tamil, from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, name of a goddess) or भागवत (bhāgavata, “follower of Bhagavatī”).

der

pagoda: a religious building in South and Southeast Asia, especially a multi-storey tower erected as a Hindu or Buddhist temple.


mil

From Dutch mijl, from Middle Dutch mile, ultimately from Latin mīlia.

English or American mile, a unit of distance equivalent to about 1.6 km

(historical) mijl, Dutch mile or league, a unit of distance equivalent to about 5–6 km


mil

From English mail, from Middle English male, from Anglo-Norman male, Old French male (“bag, wallet”), from Frankish *malha (“bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”).

(colloquial) mail: the material conveyed by the postal service.


paham

Etymology tree
Arabic فَهْم (fahm)bor.
Malay faham
Indonesian paham
From Malay faham, from Arabic فَهْم (fahm).

etymon

(uncountable) The act of one that understands or comprehends.

(countable) Reason or intelligence; ability to grasp the full meaning of knowledge; ability to infer

(countable) Opinion, judgement, or outlook.

understanding
Opinion, judgement, or outlook.

(countable) view (a way of understanding something)


adapter

adaptêr (canonical)
adapter-adapter (plural)


folklore

Alternative spelling of folklor (“folklore”)


gul

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower, rose”).


gi

From Hindi घी (ghī) or Urdu گھی (ghī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛtá). Cognate of English ghee.


bunker

From Dutch bunker, from English bunker, from German Bunker.

(military) a hardened shelter, often buried partly or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks.

(nautical) a container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine.


folder

foldêr (canonical)
folder-folder (plural)

(computing) folder (a virtual container in a computer's file system)

folder (an organizer that papers are kept in)


gula

From Malay gula, from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).


status

A person’s condition, position or standing relative to that of others.

status:
A situation or state of affairs.

A function of some instant messaging applications, whereby a user may post a message that appears automatically to other users, if they attempt to make contact.

Kegiatan audit dilakukan oleh kepala ruangan pada status pasien yang telah pulang atau meninggal.

2020, Nurman Hidaya, Alfianur, Fitriya Handayani, Manajemen dan Kepemimpinan dalam Keperawatan, Indramayu: Adab, →ISBN:

Audit was done by ward leader on discharged or death patient's medical record.

Suster April menyerahkan status pasien dengan nama Savannah Wiradinata.

2018, Anita Daniel, Secangkir Kopi di Sudut Rumah Sakit, Sleman: Diandra Kreatif:

Nurse April brought Savannah Wiradinata's medical record.

(healthcare) A medical file, medical record.


aerosol

Affixed aero- + *sol, from English aerosol.


edema

Learned borrowing from New Latin edema, from Ancient Greek οἴδημα (oídēma, “swelling”), οἰδέω (oidéō, “I swell”).

(pathology) edema, oedema: An excessive accumulation of serum in tissue spaces or a body cavity.


yoni

yoni: The vulva or vagina, or a symbol of them, especially as an object of veneration within certain types of Hinduism, Buddhism, and other cultures.


aura

From English aura, from Latin aura (“a breeze, a breath of air, the air”), from Ancient Greek αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

an invisible force surrounding a living creature.

(medicine) perceptual disturbance experienced by some migraine sufferers before a migraine headache.

(medicine) telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure.


barometer

Borrowed from Dutch barometer, from English barometer.

an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure

(figuratively) anything used as a gauge or indicator

barometer
anything used as a gauge or indicator


mandala

From Malay mandala,
from Classical Malay mandala, from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”).

(obsolete) territory of religious institutions.

(obsolete) circle, a territorial division or district.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A graphic depiction of the spiritual universe and its myriad realms and deities.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation.


sutra

From Malay sutera, sutra, from Classical Malay سوترا (sutera), سوترا (sutra), from Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra, “thread, fibre”).


babka

Borrowed from English babka, most likely from Yiddish באַבקע (babke), from Slavic.

(cooking) babka: a Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins.


bangle

Borrowed from Javanese banglé. Doublet of bonglai.

Cassumunar ginger (Zingiber montanum, syn. Zingiber cassumunar)


museum

Inherited from Malay museum, from Dutch museum, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “a shrine of the Muses”).

museum: a building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.


wagon

From Dutch wagon, from English wagon, from Middle Dutch wagen, from Old Dutch wagan, from Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰnos, from *weǵʰ-. Doublet of wahana.

car (a railway carriage, a nonpowered unit in a railroad train).


animo

From Dutch animo, from Italian animo, from Latin animus.


durian

Reconstructed as duri (“thorn, spike”) + -an, inherited from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


trauma

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

trauma:
an event that causes great distress.

(psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.

(surgery) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.


patriot

From Dutch patriot, from Middle French patriote, from Latin patriōta, from Ancient Greek πατριώτης (patriṓtēs).

patriot: a person who loves and zealously supports and defends their country.


ombudsman

Borrowed from English ombudsman, from Swedish ombudsman (equivalent to ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man), from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.

an appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.

a designated internal mediator in an organization whose duty is to assist members with conflict resolution and other problems and to serve as an independent consultant to recommend changes to policies or procedures to improve organization effectiveness, efficiency, and humaneness.


banda

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝ (bandha), from Old Javanese bhāṇḍa (“goods, wares, merchandise”), from Sanskrit भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa, “good”). Doublet of benda.


banda

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢ (banda), from Old Javanese bandha, baddha (“band, tie, chain”), from Sanskrit बन्ध (bandha, “binding, tying, fetter, bond”).


sprint

(sports) sprint: a short race at top speed.


monomer

monomèr (canonical)
monomer-monomer (plural)


karma

From Sanskrit कर्म (karma), कर्मन् (karman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma,

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.

A force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate.


diploma

From Dutch diploma, from Latin diploma, from Ancient Greek δίπλωμα (díplōma, “folded paper, license”), from διπλόω (diplóō, “I double, fold over”), from διπλόος (diplóos, “double”).

diploma: a document issued by an educational institution testifying that the recipient has earned a degree or has successfully completed a particular course of study.

a vocational degree awarded after the equivalent of approximately to one year (D-1), two years (D-2), three years (D-3) or four years (D-4) of college education.


formalin

formalin (a solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant and to preserve biological specimens)


baki

→ Javanese: ꦧꦏꦶ (baki)

→ Ternate: baki

From Dutch bakje, diminutive form of bak.


baki

From Malay baki, from Arabic بَقَاء (baqāʔ).


kaftan

From Malay kaftan, from Classical Persian خفتان (xaftān).


ethanol

(chemistry, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of etanol (“ethanol”)


bubo

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin būbō, from Ancient Greek βουβών (boubṓn, “groin, swelling”).


antigen

Borrowed from Dutch antigeen (“antigen”), from French antigène, from anti- + gène.

bor+

(immunology) antigen: a substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.