panenan

the yield of harvesting, i.e., the gathered crops or fruits.

the season of gathering ripened crops; specifically, the time of reaping and gathering grain.


perlip

From Dutch verlief (infinitive verlieven (“to fall in love”)).


kelir

From Malay kelir, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦭꦶꦂ (kelir, “screen”), from Old Javanese kĕlir (“screen”).

screen, the viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.


kelir

From Dutch kleur, from late Middle Dutch coleur, from Middle French couleur, from Latin color.


istal

From Dutch stal (“stable”), from Middle Dutch stal, from Old Dutch *stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz.

stable, a building, wing or dependency set apart and adapted for lodging and feeding (and training) animals with hoofs, especially horses.


mufakat

From Arabic مُوَافَقَة (muwāfaqa, “agreement”).


gambut

id-noun

gambut (countable and uncountable, plural gambut-gambut)

From Banjarese gambut. Attested before 1950.


ampun

From Malay ampun, from Classical Malay امڤون (ampun, “pardon”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampun.


skuad

From English squad, from French escouade, from Italian squadra (“square”).

(colloquial) squad, a group of people organized for some common purpose, usually of about ten members.


setem

From Dutch stem, from Middle Dutch stemme, from Old Dutch *stemma, from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō.


KLB

(epidemiology) Initialism of kejadian luar biasa (“disease outbreak”, literally “extraordinary event”).

kejadian luar biasa

koefisien luas bangunan
koefisien luas bangunan#Indonesian

(civil engineering) Initialism of koefisien luas bangunan (literally “building floor coefficient”).


eskalasi

èskalasi (canonical)
eskalasi-eskalasi (plural)

From English escalation, influenced by Dutch escalatie.


tabulampot

tanaman buah dalam pot
tanaman buah dalam pot#Indonesian

Acronym of tanaman buah dalam pot (“fruity plant in pot”).


komitmen

komitmen (canonical)
komitmên (canonical)

the act or an instance of committing, putting in charge, keeping, or trust.

promise or agreement to do something in the future.

being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or persons.


rumboter

rumboter (canonical)
rumbotêr (canonical)

butter, made by churning the cream of milk


cikuwa

From Japanese 竹輪(ちくわ) (chikuwa, “chikuwa”, literally “bamboo ring”).

ja-r

chikuwa (a tube-shaped fish-paste cake from Japan)


perikanan

Sarjana Perikanan


konvensi

konvènsi (canonical)
konvensi-konvensi (plural)

From earlier konpensi, from Dutch conventie. Cognate to Afrikaans konvensie.

custom: a practice or procedure widely observed in a group, especially to facilitate social interaction.

Konvensi itu dapat berbentuk bilateral dan multilateral.

The convention can be bilateral and multilateral.

(international law) a treaty or supplement to such.

convention,
a treaty or supplement to such.

Pusat konvensi disulap menjadi rumah sakit lapangan.

A convention centre is refurbished into field hospital.

a formal deliberative assembly of mandated delegates.


klise

From Dutch cliché, from French cliché, past participle of clicher (“to stereotype, (originally) to copy”, literally “to click, clink”), from Middle French clicher, from Old French cliquer (“to click, clack, sound, resound”), of Germanic origin.

der

(printing) a stereotype (printing plate).

(figurative) something, most often a phrase or expression, that is overused or used outside its original context, so that its original impact and meaning are lost. A trite saying; a platitude


kejadian

(probability theory, statistics) event: a set of outcomes to which a probability is assigned


aparatur

From Dutch apparatuur, from German Apparatur, from Latin apparātūra.

Pemerintah tegaskan larangan mudik bagi aparatur sipil negara

Government affirm mudik ban for government civil apparatus.

apparatus, staff who work directly on maintaining operations; in particular those of a bureaucracy.


iuran

From Malay yuran, iuran, from Classical Malay يورن (yuran), ااورن (iuran).

Pemerintah naikkan iuran kesehatan.


konter

kontêr (canonical)
konter-konter (plural)

From English counter. Doublet of komputer and kantor.

counter, a table or board on which money is counted and over which business is transacted; a shop tabletop on which goods are examined, weighed or measured.


sirkulasi

From Dutch circulatie, from French circulation, from Latin circulatio.


sekaut

From Dutch schout, from Middle Dutch schout, shortened from earlier scoutete, scouthete, from Old Dutch skolthēti, from Proto-West Germanic *skuldihaitijō.

(archaic) sheriff, bailiff, an official in charge of a police force.


regisur

From Dutch regisseur, from French régisseur.


portir

From Dutch portier, from Middle Dutch portier, from Old French portier, from Late Latin portārius.


polmah

From Dutch volmacht, from Middle Dutch volmacht.

power of attorney
power of attorney#English

the legal authorisation of one person to act as the agent of another.

a legal document allowing one person to act as the agent of another.


religi

From Dutch religie, from Middle Dutch religie, earlier also religioen, from Old French religion, from Latin religiō.

religion, system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death.


sekilwak

sekilwak (canonical)
sêkilwak (canonical)

From Dutch schildwacht, schild (“shield”) + wacht (“watch, guard”).

compound

Sekilwak-sekilwak dan opsier-opsier tengoq sadja kaloewar benteng, tetapi tida kelihatan tida kedengaran satoe apa.

1891, Lt. J.P. Schoemaker, translated by Lt. H. Aars, Tjerita-tjerita dari Negeri Atjee, Tjerita Dari Satoe Setan:

The guards and the officers looked out of the fort, but none were seen nor heard.

(archaic) guard, especially in a military or paramilitary context.


plombir

From Dutch plomberen, from French plomber.


okupasi

From Dutch occupatie, from French occupation, from Latin occupātio, occupātiōnem.

the act, process or state of possessing a place.

the control of a country or region by a hostile army.


perbal

pêrbal (canonical)
perbal-perbal (plural)

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verbālis. Doublet of verbal.

(colloquial, law) complaint, law enforcement account or report


pelesir

From Dutch plezier, from Middle French plaisir, from Old French plaisir, from Latin placeō. Compare to Afrikaans plesier.

pleasure, a person, thing or action that causes enjoyment.


ordonansi

From Dutch ordonnantie, from French ordonnance, from Medieval Latin ordinantia, from ordinans.


patroli

From Dutch patrouille, from Middle French patrouille, from Old French patrouille. Compare to Afrikaans patrollie.

guards who go the rounds for observation.


otomat

From Dutch automaat, from French automate, from Ancient Greek αὐτόματον (autómaton), neuter of αὐτόματος (autómatos, “self moving, self willed”).


montir

mechanic, someone who builds or repairs machinery, a technician; now specifically, someone who works with and repairs the mechanical parts of a motor vehicle, aircraft or similar.


mortir

From Dutch mortier, from Middle Dutch mortier, from Middle French mortier, from Old French [Term?], from Latin mortārium. Doublet of mortar.

mortar, a muzzle-loading, indirect fire weapon with a tube length of 10 to 20 calibers and designed to lob shells at very steep trajectories.


proletar

proletar (canonical)
prolêtar (canonical)

From Dutch proletaar, proletariër, from French prolétaire, from Latin prōlētārius.

(Standard Malay)

proletarian, a member of the proletariat.


masinis

From Dutch machinist, from French machiniste.

A machine-operator, engineer; notably:
locomotive operator

A machine-operator, engineer; notably:
steam engines operator on a vessel


mitraliur

From Dutch mitrailleur, from French mitrailleur (“machine-gunner”).


makelar

From Dutch makelaar, from Middle Dutch makelare, from Old Frisian mek (“to marry”), from maken (“to make”). Compare German Makler.


tungau

Inherited from Malay tungau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuŋaw (“tiny red itch mite”).

inh

mite (any of many minute arachnids of the subclass Acarina)

tungau anjing

eyelash mite, face mite, skin mite, Demodex


syahid

From Malay syahid, from Classical Malay syahid, from Arabic شَهِيد (šahīd, “witness, martyr”).


inang

(Standard Malay)

(ecology) a cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.

(evolution, genetics) an organism bearing certain genetic material, with respect to its cells.


milisi

From Dutch militie, from French milice, from Latin militia.

militia, an army of trained civilians, which may be an official reserve army, called upon in time of need, the entire able-bodied population of a state which may also be called upon, or a private force not under government control.


kontrolir

From Dutch controleur, from French contrôleur.


konstruksi

From Dutch constructie, from Middle Dutch constructie, from Old French construction, from Latin cōnstructiō, from cōnstruere (present active infinitive of cōnstruō) + tiō.

The process or manner of constructing or building.

Anything that has been constructed or built.

construction:
The trade of building structures.

(art) A (usually non-representational) structure, such as a collage etc

(grammar) A group of words arranged to form a meaningful phrase.

(geometry) A geometric figure of arcs and line segments that is drawable with a straightedge and compass.


kompor

From Dutch komfoor, from Picard cauffoir, from Middle French [Term?] (French chauffoir), from Vulgar Latin calefare, from Latin calēre (“heat”) + facere (“make, do”).

...kompor Nurhayati juga hilang terbawa banjir.

Nurhayati's stove was lost during the flood.

Media penyiaran, khususnya televisi, berita jangan jadi 'kompor'....

Broadcasting media, specifically television, do not make news as provocation....

(colloquial, figurative) provocateur, provocation.


kelos

From Dutch klos, from Middle Dutch closse.


komanditer

komanditèr (canonical)
komanditer-komanditer (plural)

From Dutch commanditair, from French commanditaire.


kolportir

From Dutch colporteur, from French colporteur.

(archaic) colporteur, a peddler of publications


komendur

komêndur (canonical)
komendur-komendur (plural)

From Dutch commandeur, from French commandeur, from Old French comandeor.

(nautical) harbormaster (US), harbourmaster (UK)


kondisi

→ Tetum: kondisi

From Dutch conditie, from Old French condicion (French condition), from Latin condicio.

condition:
the requirement or requisite.


kerun

From Dutch kroon, from Middle Dutch crône, from Old Dutch corōna, from Latin corōna. Doublet of korona.


komisaris

desc

→ Hokkien: 公勃些里 (kong-pu̍t-sia-lí), 公勃卅里 (kong-pu̍t-sa̍p-lí)

From Dutch commissaris, from Middle Dutch commissarijs, from Medieval Latin commissārius. Doublet of komisar and komisioner.

someone commissioned to perform certain duties.

an official in charge of a government department, especially a police force.

commissar, an official of a political party.


kolone

kolonê (canonical)
kolone-kolone (plural)

From Dutch colonne, from French colonne, from Old French colonne, columne, from Latin columna. Doublet of kolom.

(military) column: a body of troops or army vehicles, usually strung out along a road.


apneu

From Dutch apneu, from the New Latin apnoea, from the Ancient Greek ἄπνοια (ápnoia), formed from ἀ- (a-, “absence of”) + πνοή (pnoḗ, “breathing”).

(emergency medicine) alternative spelling of apnea (“apnea; apnoea”).


kartotek

From Dutch cartotheek, from French cartothèque.

A collection of maps, a cartographic library.


bokin

(slang, Prokem, dated) A female partner in an unmarried romantic relationship; girlfriend.


kapitulasi

From Dutch capitulatie, from French capitulation.

capitulation, the act of capitulating or surrendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms; the act of ceasing to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand.


introdusir

From Dutch introduceer, introduceren, from Latin intrōdūcō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”) and *dewk-.

der

(colloquial) introduction, the act or process of to cause (someone) to be acquainted (with someone else).


isolasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch isolatie, from French isolation.

the state of being isolated, detached, or separated.

the state of being away from other people.

(medicine) the separation of a patient, suffering from a contagious disease, from contact with others.

(chemistry) the obtaining of an element from one of its compounds, or of a compound from a mixture.

(physics, engineering, electricity) insulation, a medium in which it is possible to maintain an electrical field with little supply of energy from additional sources.


kanvas

From Dutch canvas, from Middle Dutch canevas, from Old Northern French canevas, from Latin cannabis, from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis). Doublet of kanabis and kampas.

canvas, a piece of canvas cloth on which one may paint.


imitasi

From Dutch imitatie, from French imitation.

imitation, a copy or simulation; something that is not the real thing.


instalasi

From Dutch installatie, from Middle French installation, from Medieval Latin installatio.


interpelasi

intêrpèlasi (canonical)
interpelasi-interpelasi (plural)

Affixed inter- + *pelasi, from Dutch interpellatie, from Middle French interpellation, from Latin interpellatio.

(government, politics) interpellation, the act of interpellating (questioning); the period in which government officials are questioned about and explain an act, a policy or a point raised during a debate.


adidaya

Affixed adi- + daya, calque of English superpower.


pelanggaran

Affixed langgar + per- -an, the sense in law is a semantic loan from Dutch overtreding.

violation, infringement, offense, transgression


oyong

Luffa acutangula
Luffa acutangula#Translingual


pelanggar

pêlanggar (canonical)
pelanggar-pelanggar (plural)

(Standard Malay)


masukan

masuk + -an. Semantic loan from English input.

input:
(literally) that which is put in.

contribution of information, as an opinion or advice.

input:
(computing) data fed into a process


kacang parang

id-noun

kacang parang (plural kacang-kacang parang)

From Acehnese kacang parang (“sword jackbean”). Equivalent to kacang (“bean”) + parang (“parang”).

bor

Canavalia gladiata
wikispecies:Canavalia gladiata

Canavalia ensiformis
wikispecies:Canavalia ensiformis


geripir

From Dutch griffier, from French greffier, from Medieval Latin graphiārius (“scribe, secretary”), from graphium (“stylus”).

der

(law) registrar (official keeper of records)


bayam

(zoology) Diana's hogfish (Bodianus diana).

(zoology) Redfin hogfish (Bodianus dictynna).


gradasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch gradatie, from French gradation.

gradation: a passing by small degrees from one tone or shade, as of color, to another.


setrat

From Dutch straat, from Middle Dutch strate, *stret (in toponyms), from Old Dutch strāta, from Proto-West Germanic *strātu (“street”), from Latin strāta, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch out, extend, spread”). Doublet of strata and stratum.

(transport, road, colloquial) carriageway, roadway; avenue, main road.


serbet

From Dutch servet, from Middle French serviette.

a napkin; a serviette; a (usually rectangular) piece of cloth or paper used at the table for wiping the mouth and hands for cleanliness while.


kelompok

kêlompok (canonical)
kelompok-kelompok (plural)

From Malay kelompok, from Classical Malay kelompok.


pihak

From Malay pihak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *piqak (“to split, separate sections”) or (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pihak (“one side, one half”). Cognate with Javanese ꦥꦶꦲꦏ꧀, ꦥꦺꦲꦏ꧀ (pihak, péhak), Old Javanese pihakan (“one side, one half”), Tausug pihak (“tribe; clan”).

cog

ꦥꦶꦲꦏ꧀, ꦥꦺꦲꦏ꧀

pihak kiri

parties: certain groups or sets of people.


bidang

field, as in a field of work, an academic field

(geometry) a flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane).

(anatomy) plane: an imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions.


maglub

something which has been defeated, something which has been conquered


jisim

From Malay jisim, from Arabic جِسْم (jism).


kamisa

From Spanish camisa, from Old Spanish camisa, from Late Latin camisia, from Transalpine Gaulish, of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱam- (“cover, clothes”). Doublet of kemeja.


tendensi

tendensi (canonical)
tèndènsi (canonical)

From Dutch tendentie, from French tendance, from Latin tendere / tendō.


testamen

testamen (canonical)
tèstamèn (canonical)

From Dutch testament, from Middle Dutch testament, from Old French testament, from Latin testāmentum (“the publication of a will, a will, testament”).


setek

From Dutch stek, from Middle Dutch stec.

cutting: a leaf, stem, branch, or root removed from a plant and cultivated to grow a new plant.


setat

From Dutch staat, from Middle Dutch staet, from Old French estat, from Latin status. Doublet of status.


sekeram

From Dutch scherm, from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch skirm, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz.


sapir

From Dutch sappeur, from Middle French sappeur.

(archaic) sapper, one who saps; specifically, one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like. Often known as a combat engineer or military engineer.


repetisi

repetisi (canonical)
répêtisi (canonical)

From Dutch repetitie, from French répétition.


reserse

From Dutch recherche (“criminal investigation”), from French recherche (“research”). Doublet of riset (“research”).

bor

(direktorat reserse

(law enforcement) criminal investigation police


resimen

résimèn (canonical)
resimen-resimen (plural)

From Dutch regiment, from Middle French regement, régiment, and its source, Late Latin regimentum (“direction for government; course of medical treatment”), from Latin regō, regere (“rule”).

der

(military) regiment, a unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units; now specifically, usually composed of two or more battalions.


seleksi

From Dutch selectie, from Latin sēlēctiō.

selection, choice (that which has been selected)


restorasi

restorasi (canonical)
réstorasi (canonical)

From Malay restorasi borrowing Dutch restauratie, from Latin restauratio.


respek

From Dutch respect, from Middle French respect, from Latin respectus.


restriksi

restriksi (canonical)
rèstriksi (canonical)

From Dutch restrictie, from Middle French restriction, from Old French restriction, borrowed from Late Latin restrictio, restrictionem, from Latin restringo.


Malingsial

(ethnic slur, derogatory, Internet slang, offensive) a Malaysian, a native of Malaysia.


Malingsia

Blend of maling (“thief”) + Malaysia, referring to Indonesian nationalist views about Malaysia as stealing Indonesian traditions and cuisine.

(slang, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Malaysia, Malaysian.


resepsi

From Dutch receptie, from French réception, from Latin receptiō, receptiōnem (“the act of receiving; reception”).

reception, a social engagement, usually to formally welcome someone.


pelpolisi

pelpolisi (canonical)
pèlpolisi (canonical)


lisensi

From Dutch licentie, from Old French licence, from Latin licentia (“license”), from licens, present participle of licere (“to be allowed, be allowable”).

license (American), licence (British), a legal document giving official permission to do something; a permit.


permen

Probably from Dutch pepermunt (“peppermint”) in association with peppermint stick. Doublet of pepermin.


permen

peraturan menteri
peraturan menteri#Indonesian

acronym of peraturan menteri (“ministerial regulation”).


medali

mêdali (canonical)
medali-medali (plural)

From Dutch medaille, from French médaille, from Italian medaglia, from Late Latin medalia (“half a denarius”) for mediālia.

medal, a stamped metal disc used as a personal ornament, a charm, or a religious object.


opseter

Borrowed from Dutch opzichter (“overseer, supervisor”).


lektur

From Dutch lectuur (“reading”), from French lecture, from Late Latin lēctūra, feminine of Classical Latin lēctūrus.

reading, something to read; reading material.

speech, a session of speaking, especially a long oral message given publicly by one person.


kolese

kolésê (canonical)
kolese-kolese (plural)

From Dutch college, from Old French college, from Latin collegium. Doublet of kolegium.

a group sharing common purposes or goals, a corporate group; a group of colleagues.


kasir

From Dutch kassier, from French caissier, from French caisse.

cashier, one who works at a till or receives payments.


leding

The pipes, together with the joints, tanks, stopcocks, taps and other fixtures of a clean water system in a house or other building; plumbing.


furnitur

From English furniture, from Middle French fourniture (“a supply, or the act of furnishing”).

der

piece of furniture
piece of furniture#English


dekorasi

dekorasi (canonical)
dèkorasi (canonical)

From Dutch decoratie, from French décoration, from Latin decoratio. Semantic loan from English decoration (“ornament”).


bendesa

From Balinese ᬩᭂᬦ᭄ᬤᬾᬰ, from Sanskrit देश (deśa). Doublet of desa.


bencana

From Malay bencana, from Old Javanese bañcana, from Sanskrit वञ्चन (vañcana, “deceiving, trickery”). Doublet of banci.


pendopo

From Javanese ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ (pendhapa, “Javanese hall”), from Old Javanese maṇḍapa (“open hall”), from Sanskrit मण्डप (maṇḍapa, “pavilion, temple”).

der

pendhapa, a large pavilion-like structure built on columns. Either square or rectangular in plan, it is open on all sides and provides shelter from the sun and rain, but allows breeze and indirect light.


galat

From Malay ralat, galat, from Classical Malay رالت (ralat), رالت (galat), from Arabic غَلَط (ḡalaṭ). Doublet of ralat.


wedana

From Javanese ꦮꦼꦢꦤ (wedana), ꦮꦢꦤ (wadana), from Old Javanese wadana (“face; chief, head”), from Sanskrit वदन (vadana, “mouth, face”).


upeti

From Old Javanese upĕti, utpĕtti, utpĕti, utpati, utpatti (“origin, birth, incarnation; revenue, production; tribute”), from Prakrit (for example, Pali uppatti), from Sanskrit उत्पत्ति (utpatti, “profit, productiveness”). Cognate of Javanese ꦲꦸꦥꦼꦠꦶ (upeti, “tribute”).

(archaic) tribute, a payment made by one nation to another in submission.


pertapa

hermit (a religious recluse; someone who lives alone for religious reasons; an eremite)


setrip

From Dutch streep, from Middle Dutch strepe.

a long, relatively straight region of a single colour.

the badge worn by certain officers in the military or other forces.

scale, a line or bar associated with a drawing, used to indicate measurement when the image has been magnified or reduced.


pratama

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦠꦩ (pratama, “best”), from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá, “first, primary, original”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pratʰamás (“first, foremost”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós (“foremost”). Doublet of pertama.


PTM

(education) initialism of pembelajaran tatap muka (“face-to-face learning”).

(medicine, pathology) initialism of penyakit tidak menular (“non-communicable disease”).


kaveling

kavêling (canonical)
kaveling-kaveling (plural)

From Dutch kaveling, from Middle Dutch cavelinge.

A plot, a lot, a tract of land, especially in contexts of allotment or sale after draining a piece of land.


nama lengkap

Compound of nama (“name”) + lengkap (“complete”), calque of Dutch volledige naam (“full name”) (volledige (“complete”) + naam (“name”)).


karkun

From Malay karkun, kerkum, from Classical Persian کار کن (kār-kun, “worker”), possibly through Hindustani.


sembahyang

inherited from Malay sembahyang, equivalent to sembah + hyang.

A practice of communicating with one's God.

The specific words or methods used for praying.


hasta karya

Compound of hasta (“hand”) + karya (“work”), calque of English handicraft.

handicraft, an artifact produced by handicraft.


lazuardi

From Malay lazuardi, from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard).

lapis lazuli (gem with reddish-blue color)


periuk

pêriuk (canonical)
periuk-periuk (plural)

Inherited from Malay periuk, from Proto-Austronesian *pariuk (“earthenware cooking pot”). Cognate with Paiwan pariuk, Sundanese pariuk and Tagalog palayok.


kueri

From English query, quere, from Latin quaere.

(computing) query, a set of instructions passed to a database.


tarikh

From Malay tarikh, from Arabic تَارِيخ (tārīḵ, “date, time”).

(rare) date, that which specifies the time of writing, inscription etc.

(rare) year, a period between set dates that mark a year.

(rare) calendar, any system by which time is divided into days, weeks, months, and years.


tetua

From Malay tetua, from Classical Malay tetua. Equivalent to reduplication of tua (“old”).

elder, an older person or an older member, usually a leader, of some community.

(biology) parent, an organism from which a plant or animal is immediately biologically descended.


legislasi

From Dutch legislatie, from Late Latin lēgislātiō (“the giving of the law”).

der

(government, law, politics) legislation, lawmaking.


jabatan

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Affixed jabat + -an, from Malay jabatan (“office”). Doublet of jawatan.

Menteri meminta untuk tidak memberikan jabatan kepada para aparatur sipil negara (ASN) yang terpapar radikalisme, narkoba, serta korupsi

The minister asked to not appoint civil servant who exposed to radicalism, narcotics and corruption into the position.


jawatan

Affixed jawat + -an, from Malay jawatan (“position”). Doublet of jabatan.

Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api

Jawatan Kepolisian Negara


sekakmat

From Dutch schaakmat, from Old French eschec mat, from Persian شاه مات (“šâh mât, the king is dead”). Equivalent to syah + mati. Doublet of emat.


DKM

dewan kemakmuran masjid
dewan kemakmuran masjid#Indonesian

(Islam, Indonesia) Initialism of dewan kemakmuran masjid.


delinkuensi

From English delinquency, from Late Latin dēlinquentia, derived from Latin dēlinquēns, present participle of dēlinquō (“I transgress, err”).


dispensasi

From Dutch dispensatie, from Old French despensacion, from Latin dispensātiō.

(especially law) dispensation, the relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined.


defamasi

From English defamation and Dutch diffamatie, from Old French diffamacion (Modern French diffamation), from Latin diffāmātiō.

(law) defamation, the act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another.


diktum

From Dutch dictum, from Latin dictum (“proverb, maxim”), from dictus (“having been said”), perfect passive participle of dico (“I say”).


eksploit

* From Dutch exploit (“receipt of (legal) document”), from Old French esploit (noun), esploitier (verb), from older expleit from Latin explicitus.
* Semantic loan from English exploit for the computing sense.

bor

(law) writ, a written order, issued by a court, ordering someone to do (or stop doing) something, especially attending court session.

(computing) exploit, a program or technique that exploits a vulnerability in other software.


ekspedisi

From Dutch expeditie, from Middle French expédition, and its source, Latin expeditio.

(military) a military journey; an enterprise against some enemy or into enemy territory.

a trip, especially a long one, made by a person or a group of people for a specific purpose.


domisili

From Dutch domicilie (“domicile”), from French domicile, from Latin domicilium.


intimidasi

From Dutch intimidatie, from Dutch intimidation, from Medieval Latin *intimidatio, from intimidare (“to intimidate”).

intimidation, the act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated.


investigasi

From Dutch investigatie, from Old French investigacion, from Latin investigatio.

investigation, the act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research, especially patient or thorough inquiry or examination.


katalisator

From Dutch katalysator. Compare to Afrikaans katalisator.

(chemistry) a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

someone or something that encourages progress or change.


inkues

From English inquest, from Middle English enquest, from Old French enqueste (Modern French enquête), from Vulgar Latin inquirere, or from Medieval Latin inquesta < in + quaesita. Doublet of angket.

(law) inquest a formal investigation, often held before a court, especially one into the cause of a death.


derivatif

From Dutch derivatief, from Middle French dérivatif, from Latin dērīvātus, perfect passive participle of dērīvō (“I derive”).

(chemistry) A chemical derived from another

derivative,
A chemical derived from another

(finance) A financial instrument whose value depends on the valuation of an underlying asset.

secondary legislation
secondary legislation#English

(law) secondary legislation, legislation enacted by a power derived from another legislation, such as one made by the executive branch within the boundaries fixed by an act of parliament.


katalis

From Malay katalis, borrowed from English catalyst.

(chemistry) accelerator: a substance which speeds up chemical reactions.


kodifikasi

(law, linguistics, management) codification

the process of precisely formulating a statement, such as a code of laws.

the act or result of arranging something into a code; the act of setting down a body of knowledge in a systematic way.


kasasi

From Dutch cassatie, from French cassation, from Latin cassō (“destroy, annul”).

(law) cassation, the abrogation of a law by a higher authority (court).


klien

From Dutch cliënt, from French client, from Latin cliēns.

one who receives help or services from a professional such as a lawyer or accountant.

(law) a person who employs or retains an attorney to represent him or her in any legal matter, or one who merely divulges confidential matters to an attorney while pursuing professional assistance without subsequently retaining the attorney.


klien

From English client, from Middle English client, from Anglo-Norman clyent, client, from Latin cliēns.

(computing) client, the role of a computer application or system that requests and/or consumes the services provided by another having the role of server.


cadangan

Affixed cadang + -an, from Malay cadangan (“plan; suggestion”).
* The sense of “backup, reserve, or substitute” is reinforced as semantic loan from Javanese ꦕꦝꦔꦤ꧀ (cadhangan, “reserve, back up, spare”), ꦕꦝꦁ (cadhang, “to hold out the hands to receive”), from Old Javanese caḍaṅ (“preparation”).

sl

cadangan penghapusan piutang buruk dan ragu

(dated) plan, a set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.

(dated) suggestion, something suggested.

(fishing) reservoir: a supply or source of something.

(aviation) redundancy: the state of being redundant.


aplikasi

From Dutch applicatie, from Middle French application, from Latin applicātiō.

the act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use.

a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school, course or similar.

(computing) a computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose.

(Standard Malay)

(art) applique, a decorative design made by cutting pieces of material and applying them to the surface of another for decoration.


vonis

(law) sentence, verdict, the decision or judgement of a court.


syahwat

From Malay syahwat, from Classical Malay syahwat, from Arabic شَهْوَة (šahwa).


bahasa buatan

bahasa (“language”) + buatan (“artificial”).

compound

artificial language
artificial language#English

constructed language
constructed language#English

(linguistics) constructed language, a human language that has been consciously devised by an individual or a small group, as opposed to having naturally evolved as part of a culture like a natural language.


bahasa ibu

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + ibu (“mother”), calque of Dutch moedertaal.

(linguistics) mother tongue, native language, first language, the language one first learned; the language one grew up with.


bahasa pasar

(linguistics) koine, lingua franca, link language, trade language, vehicular language: a common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one that is not the first language of any of its speakers.


bahasa kuno

(linguistics) ancient language, any language originating in times that may be referred to as ancient.


bahasa kasar

bahasa (“language”) + kasar (“crude, rude”).

(linguistics) offensive register, causing offense; arousing a visceral reaction of disgust, anger, or hatred.


bahasa halus

bahasa (“language”) + halus (“refined”).


bahasa klasik

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + klasik (“classical”), calque of Dutch klassieke talen (klassieke + talen).

com

(linguistics, literature) a classical language


bahasa gaul

bahasa (“language”) + gaul (“friendship, socialisation”).

compound

language outside of conventional usage and in the informal register,

the specialized language of a social group, sometimes used to make what is said unintelligible to those not members of the group.


akses

From English access, from Middle English, from Middle French acces (“attack, onslaught”) or from its source Latin accessus, perfect passive participle of accēdō (“approach; accede”).

der

a way or means of approaching or entering; an entrance; a passage.

(computing) the process of locating data in memory.

access:
the process of locating data in memory.

(networking) connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.


bahasa tubuh

body language, nonverbal communication by means of facial expressions, eye behavior, gestures, posture, and the like; often thought to be involuntary.


bahasa resmi

bahasa (“language”) + resmi (“official”).

compound

official language
official language#English

(linguistics) official language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction, typically for government use.


bahasa asing

bahasa (“language”) + asing (“foreign”).

foreign language
foreign language#English

a language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place.

a language that is not one's native tongue.


bahasa mati

(linguistics) dead language, a language which no longer has any native speakers.


bahasa komputer

From compound of bahasa (“language”) + komputer (“computer”), from calque of English computer language.

computer language
computer language#English

(computing) computer language, a language that is used internally by computers, including programming languages, machine languages, query languages, markup languages etc.


patrun

From Dutch patroon, from German Patrone, ultimately from Latin patrōnus.

cartridge, the package consisting of the bullet, primer, and casing containing gunpowder; a round of ammunition.


antarmuka

Affixed antar- (“inter-”) + muka (“face”), calque of English interface.

the point of interconnection between systems or subsystems.

the connection between a user and a machine.

the connection between parts of software.


desain

désain (canonical)
desain-desain (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from English design, from Old French designer, from Latin designō (“I mark out, point out, describe, design, contrive”), from de- (or dis-) + signō (“I mark”), from signum (“mark”).

der

(Standard Malay)

a pattern, as an element of a work of art or architecture.

(computing) a specification of an object or process, referring to requirements to be satisfied and thus conditions to be met for them to solve a problem.


katrij

From Malay katrij, borrowed from English cartridge, from corruption of French cartouche, from Italian cartuccia, a diminutive of carta, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of kardus, kartel, karton, kartu, and kertas.

doublet

(computing) cartridge, a vessel which contains the ink or toner for a computer printer and can be easily replaced with another.


kios

→ Ternate: kios

From Dutch kiosk, from French kiosque, from Ottoman Turkish كوشك (köşk), from Persian کوشک (kôšk, “palace, portico”), from Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk).

Pedagang diwajibkan membayar sewa kios yang mahal.

Trader is required to pay expensive kiosk rent.

a small enclosed structure, often freestanding, open on one side or with a window, used as a booth to sell newspapers, cigarettes, etc.

a similar unattended stand for the automatic dispensing of tickets, etc.


saintifik

From English scientific, from Middle French scientifique, from Medieval Latin scientificus (“pertaining to science”).


ilmiah

From Arabic عِلْمِيَّة (ʕilmiyya, “scientific”).

metode ilmiah


BNO

(medicine) Initialism of Blaas Nier Overzicht (“kidney, ureter, and bladder”, literally “bladder-kidney survey”).


klaim

Borrowed from English claim, from Middle English claimen, from Old French clamer (“to call, name, send for”), from Latin clāmō, clāmāre (“to call, cry out”), from Proto-Italic *klāmāō, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”), which is imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

a demand of ownership made for something.

a new statement of something one believes to be the truth, usually when the statement has yet to be verified or without valid evidence provided.

a demand of ownership for previously unowned land.

(law) a legal demand for compensation or damages.


setum

From Dutch stoom (“steam”), from Middle Dutch *stôom, from Old Dutch *stōm, from Proto-Germanic *staumaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to whirl, waft, stink, shake; steam, haze, smoke”).


lauh

sevenfinger threadfin (Filimanus heptadactyla).


lauh

From Malay lauh, from Arabic لَوْح (lawḥ, “board, tablet, slab”). Doublet of alwah and loh.


insentif

From English incentive, from Medieval Latin incentivus (“that strikes up or sets the tune”), from incinere (“to strike up”), from in (“in, on”) + canere (“to sing”). Compare to Belgian Dutch incentief.

incentive, a bonus or reward, often monetary, to work harder.


togel

(gambling) Acronym of toto gelap (“unlicensed or illegal lottery”, literally “dark totalisator”).


intuisi

From Dutch intuïtie, from French intuition, from Latin intuitiō. Compare to Afrikaans intuïsie.


filtrasi

filtration, the act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved particles floating in it.


kreativitas

kreativitas (canonical)
krèativitas (canonical)

Learned borrowing from Latin creativitas

lbor

creativity, the ability to use imagination to produce a novel idea or product that is useful to society.


jalu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦗꦭꦸ (jalu, “spur”), from Old Javanese jalu (“male; man, husband”).


okupansi

From Dutch occupantie, from French occupantie.


kapitalis

From Dutch kapitalist, from French capitaliste, from capital + -iste. Equivalent to kapital + -is.

The owner of a considerable amount of capital; a wealthy person.

Someone whose wealth (capital) is invested in business ventures in order to return a profit.

A person who is a supporter of capitalism.


radiasi

From Dutch radiatie, from French radiation, from Latin radiatio, radiationem.

the shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light.

the process of radiating waves or particles.

the transfer of energy via radiation (as opposed to convection or conduction).

(Standard Malay)

(physics) radiation,
radioactive energy.


krisis

From Dutch crisis, from Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis).

crisis (crucial or decisive point or situation; a turning point)

crisis (unstable situation, especially one involving an impending abrupt change)


lelangit

/lə.ˈlä.ŋɪt̪̚/

Partial reduplication of langit, from Malay lelangit.

(meteorology) low-level clouds (cumulus, stratus, stratocumulus that lie below 6,500 feet (1,981 m))


kohor

From Dutch cohort, from Old French cohorte, from Latin cohors.

a group of people supporting the same thing or person.

a demographic grouping of people, especially those in a defined age group, or having a common characteristic.


amplifikasi

From Dutch amplificatie, from Latin amplificātiō.

the act, or result of amplifying, enlarging, extending or adding.

(linguistics) a translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.

(linguistics) a figure of speech that adds importance to increase its rhetorical effect.

(computing, electronics, physics) the act, or result of independently increasing some quantity, especially voltage, power or current.


tantri

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (tantri), from Old Javanese tantri, from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra, “a class of works teaching magical and mystical formularies”). Compare to English tantra. Doublet of tentara and tenteram.

(literature) A prosaic fable from Pancatantra.


warkat

Inherited from Malay [Term?] (Standard Malay warkah), from Arabic وَرَق (waraq).


jeriken

→ Tetum: jérigen

From Dutch jerrycan, from English jerrycan.

jerrycan (a robust fuel container often made from plastic)


swadaya

From swa- + daya. Calque of Swedish självförtroende.


pangkalan data

Compound of pangkalan (“base”) + data (“data”).


swalayan

From swa- (“self-, auto-”) + layan (“service”), from a calque of Dutch zelfbediening (“self-service”).

calque

pasar swalayan
pasar swalayan#Indonesian

(colloquial) Short for pasar swalayan (“supermarket”, literally “market + self-service”).


ZEE

zona ekonomi eksklusif
zona ekonomi eksklusif#Indonesian

Initialism of zona ekonomi eksklusif (“EEZ; exclusive economy zone”).


areh

(cooking) a dish made from seasoned coconut milk, then boiled until thick


Nyonya

(formal) An honorific title used before the name of a married woman. Used in formal situation, example: ticket, invitation, etc.


swacakap

From swa- + cakap. Calque of Ancient Greek μονόλογος (monólogos, “speaking alone”).


barikade

barikade (canonical)
barikadê (canonical)

From Dutch barricade, from French barricade, from Italian barricata.

barricade, a barrier constructed across a road, especially as a military defence.


kelinci percobaan

Compound of kelinci (“rabbit”) + percobaan (“experiment”), calque of Dutch proefkonijn (literally “experimental rabbit”).

calque

(literally) a rabbit used as guinea pig.

(figurative) guinea pig, a living experimental subject.


terein

From Dutch terrein, from French terrain, Old French terrain, terrein, from Vulgar Latin *terranum, from Latin terrēnum.


ambasade

ambasade (canonical)
ambasadé (canonical)

From Dutch ambassade, from French ambassade, from Middle French ambassade, ambaxade, from Old Italian ambasciata, from Old Occitan ambaissada (“embassy”), derived from ambaissa (“message”), from Late Latin ambactia (“service rendered”) (attested also as ambascia, from Proto-Germanic *ambahtiją (“service”), *ambahtaz (“follower, servant”), from Gaulish ambaxtos (“dependant, vassal”, literally “one who is sent around”), from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos (“servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi-h₂eǵ- (“drive around”).

der

embassy, the official residence of such an embassy, or of an ambassador.


inisialisasi

(computing) initialization (assignment of initial value of variable)

(computing) bootstrap (process of preparing computer before use)


proyek

From Dutch project, from Latin prōiectum.

project, a planned endeavor, usually with a specific goal and accomplished in several steps or stages.


tahun buku

Compound of tahun (“year”) + buku (“book”), calque of Dutch boekjaar (“financial year, fiscal year”, literally “book year”).


rumah makan

Compound of rumah (“house”) + makan (“eat”), literally “eating house”. Compare to Chinese 飯館／饭馆 (“restaurant”, literally “food/cuisine + house”) or Dutch eethuis (“diner, restaurant”, literally “eat house”).

noncog

restaurant, an eating establishment in which diners are served food, usually by waiters at their tables but sometimes (as in a fast food restaurant) at a counter.


prasekolah

Affixed pra- (“pre-”) + sekolah (“school”), calque of English preschool.


prasejarah

Calque of English prehistoric into pra- (“pre-”) + sejarah (“history”).


tasbih

Inherited from Malay tasbih, from Classical Malay tasbih (“tasbih, misbaha”), from Arabic تَسْبِيح (tasbīḥ).


kacung

From Javanese ꦏꦕꦸꦁ (kacung, “lad, boy; errand boy, houseboy”).


intonasi

From Dutch intonatie, from French intonation.

(music) the act of sounding the tones of the musical scale.

(linguistics) the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.

singing or playing in good tune or otherwise.


koordinasi

From Dutch coördinatie, from Middle French coordination, from Late Latin coordinationem (accusative of coordinatio), from Latin coordinare.

the act of coordinating, making different people or things work together for a goal or effect.

the ability to coordinate one's senses and physical movements in order to act skilfully.

(linguistics) an equal joining together of two or more phrases or clauses, for example, using and, or, or but.


yudisium

From Dutch judicium, from Latin judicium, iudicium.

Hari pengumuman yudisium kelulusan dilaksanakan minggu depan.

Congregation announcement will be held on next week.

(education) congregation, a formal meeting of university governing body for graduation voting.


HGB

hak guna bangunan
hak guna bangunan#Indonesian


rayu

appeal: a call to, or the use of, a principle or quality for purposes of persuasion.


parsel

From English parcel, from Old French parcelle (“a small piece or part, a parcel, a particle”), from Late Latin particella, diminutive of Latin particula (“particle”), diminutive of partem (“part, piece”). Doublet of partikel and persil.


marus

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦫꦸꦱ꧀ (marus, “blood (curd)”), from Old Javanese marus (“blood”).


mantri pengairan

id-noun

mantri pengairan (plural mantri-mantri pengairan)

2009, Her Suganda, Rengasdengklok: Revolusi dan Peristiwa 16 Agustus 1945, Penerbit Buku Kompas, page 56

Because the participants were vegetable sellers, fishmongers, pottery sellers, coachmen, agricultural workers, seamstresses, employees, officials, irrigation officers, veterinary assistants, healthcare workers, nurses, road foremen, clerks, surveyors, telephone operators, who knows what else.

Sebab pesertanya ada tukang sayur, tukang ikan, tukang grabah, kusir sado, tukang tani, tukang kain, pegawai, pejabat, mantri pengairan, mantri hewan, mantri kesehatan, juru rawat, mandor jalan, juru tulis, juru ukur, juru telepon, entah apa lagi.

A profession involving making water available for agriculture by using dams, canals, etc.


juru pengairan

mantri pengairan
mantri pengairan#Indonesian


umpan balik

Compound of umpan + balik, calque of English feedback.

critical assessment of a process or activity or of their results.

the part of an output signal that is looped back into the input to control or modify a system.


janah

From Malay jannah, from Classical Malay jannah, from Arabic جَنَّة (janna, “garden; paradise”).


orkes

Borrowed from Dutch orkest (“orchestra”), from French orchestre, from Latin orchēstra, from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra). Doublet of orkestra.


orkes

(acronym) olahraga (“sport”) and kesehatan (“health”).

(acronym) olahraga (“sport”) and kesenian (“art”).


sanyo

A genericized trademark of the Japanese trademark Sanyo, from Japanese 三洋 (san'yō, literally “three oceans”).


komunis

From earlier kominis, from Dutch communist, from French communiste or German Kommunist.


akselerasi

the amount by which a speed or velocity increases.

(education) the advancement of students at a rate that places them ahead of where they would be in the regular school curriculum.

(Standard Malay)

(classical mechanics) the change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).


kemampuan membayar

id-noun

kemampuan membayar (plural kemampuan-kemampuan membayar)

From kemampuan (“ability”) + membayar (“pay”). Calque of English ability to pay.


emisi akustik

id-noun

emisi akustik (plural emisi-emisi akustik)

acoustic emission
acoustic emission#English


jembatan Wheatstone

Wheatstone bridge
Wheatstone bridge#English


batas kuantum

batas kuantum (plural batas-batas kuantum)


material kontras

material kontras (plural material-material kontras)

contrast material
contrast material#English

(medicine, radiology) contrast material.


frekuensi audio

frekuensi audio (plural frekuensi-frekuensi audio)


ultrasonik

From English ultrasonic, equivalent to ultra- + sonik.


besikal

bêsikal (canonical)
besikal-besikal (plural)

From English bicycle, from French bicycle. Cognate of Malay basikal.


beskal

From Dutch fiskaal, from Middle French fiscal, from Latin fiscus (“treasury”). Cognate to Afrikaans fiskaal (“public official, hangman”). The fiskaal was an officer of the Dutch East India Company. Doublet of fiskal.


perisa

From Malay perisa. The sense “flavor” is a semantic loan from English flavor.

A substance used to produce a taste; flavor.


petahana

From per- + tahana (“position”), of unexplained origin. Coined by Indonesian linguist Salomo Simanungkalit in 2009.

unknown

of unexplained origin


pengganti

From Malay pengganti, equivalent to peng- + ganti. Calque of Dutch geendoseerde for endorsee sense.


penangkapan

From Malay penangkapan. Equivalent to tangkap + peng- -an.


anjir

canal, an artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.


anjir

From Persian انجیر (anjir, “fig”), from Middle Persian ʾncyl (anjīr, “fig”).


anjir

From Javanese ꦲꦚ꧀ꦗꦶꦂ (anjir, “stake or pole used as a marker”), probably from Arabic أَنْجَر (ʔanjar, “anchor”), from Persian لنگر (langar), from Ancient Greek ἄγκῡρα (ánkūra). Doublet of angker, anjar, anjer, and jangkar.

doublet

wood or bamboo stick that are plugged in as marker for crab trap.


angkur

From Dutch anker, from Middle Dutch anker, from Old Dutch *anker, from Latin anchora.

(architecture) anchor, a metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together.


obat nyamuk

Compound of obat (“drug, medicine”) + nyamuk (“mosquito”).

compound

(literally) insect repellent: a substance applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface.

(idiomatic) third wheel: an unwanted third party accompanying two people on a date.


ban serep

Compound of ban (“tyre”) + serep (“spare”). Compare to Chinese 備胎／备胎 (bèitāi).

zh-l

備胎／备胎 (bèitāi)

(figuratively) reserved girlfriend or boyfriend; back-up partner.

(figurative, extension) possible replacement for one's current position.


tenaga kesehatan

id-noun

tenaga kesehatan (plural tenaga-tenaga kesehatan)

From tenaga (“worker”) + kesehatan (“health”).

compound

healthcare worker
healthcare worker#English


tenaga kuda

Compound of tenaga (“power”) + kuda (“horse”), calque of Dutch paardenkracht (“horsepower”).

calque

(colloquial) synonym of daya kuda (“horsepower”)


tenaga dalam

id-noun

tenaga dalam (plural tenaga-tenaga dalam)

From tenaga (“power”) + dalam (“inside”), possibly calque of English inner power.


butiran ludah

butiran ludah (plural butiran-butiran ludah)

From butiran (“particle”) + ludah (“saliva”).


glosarium

From Dutch glossarium, from Latin glōssārium, glōssa (“obsolete or foreign word that requires explanation”), from Ancient Greek γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue”).

glossary, list of words with their definitions and/or other annotations


jambu biji

From jambu (“rose apple”) + biji (“seed”). Attested before 1968.

Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava#Translingual


jengkol

From Javanese jengkol. Attested before 1971.


wawancara

From wawan- + cara. Attested before 1952.


lampu lalu lintas

lampu lalu lintas (plural lampu-lampu lalu lintas)

Compound of lampu (“lamp”) + lalu lintas (“traffic”), calque of Dutch verkeerslicht.

compound

(common, transport) traffic light, stoplight.


gerendel

gêrèndèl (canonical)
gerendel-gerendel (plural)

From Dutch grendel, from Middle Dutch grendel, grindel, from Old Dutch grindel, from Proto-West Germanic *grindil.


lampu merah

Compound of lampu (“lamp”) + merah (“red”). Compare to Chinese 紅燈／红灯 (hóngdēng) or English red light.

especially as a traffic signal indicating ‘stop’.


alergi

alèrgi (canonical)
alergi-alergi (plural)

From Dutch allergie, from German Allergie. Coined by Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906 from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work, activity”), on the model of Energie.

(medicine) allergy, a disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma.


seteru

sêtêru (canonical)
seteru-seteru (plural)

From Malay seteru, from Old Malay śatru, from Sanskrit शत्रु (śatru, “enemy, foe, rival”).


rajawali

Unknown, possible related to Sanskrit राजा (rājā, “king”) + आवलि (āvali, “linage”). Compare to Persian شاهین (šâhin, “falcon”) from Middle Persian *šāhēn (literally “majestic, kingly”).

cog

peregrine falcon
peregrine falcon#English


negara bagian

id-noun

nêgara bagian (plural negara-negara bagian)

nêgara bagian (canonical)
negara-negara bagian (plural)

Compound of negara (“state”) + bagian (“part”), calque of Dutch deelstaat (“state”, literally “part state”).

calque

Partai Liberal dan Partai Nasional memiliki aliansi dalam politik negara bagian dan federal.

Liberal Party and National Party have an alliance in state and federal politics.

(government) state: a political division of a federation retaining a degree of autonomy.


wiyata mandala

id-noun

wiyata mandala (plural wiyata-wiyata mandala)

Compound of wiyata (“education, learning”) + mandala (“circle”).


metastase

mètastasê (canonical)
metastase-metastase (plural)

From Dutch metastase, from French métastase. Doublet of metastasis.

dated spelling of metastasis (“metastasis”).


bocor alus

Compound of bocor (“leak”) + halus (“fine, smooth”).

(informal, Java) something leaks slowly.

(colloquial, architecture) slow and minor leaking

(slang, Medan) the one who can’t keep a secret, or a gossip


jurnalis

Affixed jurnal + -is, borrowed from Dutch journalist.


Yth.

yang terhormat
yang terhormat#Indonesian


ybs.

yang bersangkutan
yang bersangkutan#Indonesian


PPn.

pajak pendapatan
pajak pendapatan#Indonesian


pjs.

pejabat sementara
pejabat sementara#Indonesian


sikap

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *sikap (“dextrous, agile, skillful”). Compare to Javanese ꦱꦶꦏꦼꦥ꧀ (sikep, “attitude, way of thinking”), Tagalog sikap (“diligence; zeal”).


sikap

From Javanese ꦱꦶꦏꦼꦥ꧀ (sikep, “to grapple”), from Old Javanese sikĕp (“catching, gripping”), from Proto-Austronesian *sikep (“tight-fitting, of clothing”).


kendaraan tempur

id-noun

kendaraan tempur (plural kendaraan-kendaraan tempur)

From kendaraan (“vehicle”) + tempur (“combat”).


kendaraan bermotor

id-noun

kendaraan bermotor (plural kendaraan-kendaraan bermotor)

From kendaraan (“vehicle”) + bermotor (“using motor”).


rapat koordinasi

id-noun

rapat koordinasi (plural rapat-rapat koordinasi)

From rapat (“meeting”) + koordinasi (“coordination”).


anak buah kapal

id-noun

anak buah kapal (plural anak-anak buah kapal)

From anak buah (“subordinate”) + kapal (“ship”).


artileri medan

id-noun

artileri medan (plural artileri-artileri medan)

From artileri (“artillery”) + medan (“field”).


anggaran belanja

id-noun

anggaran belanja (plural anggaran-anggaran belanja)

Compound of anggaran + belanja, calque of Dutch kostenraming (“budget”) (kost (“expenditure”) + en + raming (“estimation”)).

compound

(Standard Malay)


satuan tempur

id-noun

satuan tempur (plural satuan-satuan tempur)

From satuan (“unit”) + tempur (“combat, battle”). Calque of English combat force.


pangkalan angkatan laut

id-noun

pangkalan angkatan laut (plural pangkalan-pangkalan angkatan laut)

pangkalan-pangkalan angkatan laut (plural)

From pangkalan (“base”) + angkatan laut (“naval”).


alat berat

Compound of alat (“tool”) + berat (“heavy”), calque of English heavy equipment, heavy machinery.

clq

heavy equipment, or heavy machinery: heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks, most frequently ones involving earthwork operations or other large construction tasks.


satuan tugas

id-noun

satuan tugas (plural satuan-satuan tugas)

Compound of satuan (“unit”) + tugas (“task”), from calque of English task force.

(business, government, military) task force


fantosmia

(pathology) phantosmia: a form of parosmia involving olfactory hallucinations in which the perceived smell is triggered apparently without cause rather than by another smell.


negara persemakmuran

negara persemakmuran (plural negara-negara persemakmuran)

Compound of negara (“state”) + persemakmuran (“commonwealth”), calque of English Commonwealth of Nations.

clq

Commonwealth of Nations
Commonwealth of Nations#English

a state in Commonwealth of Nations, an association of independent, sovereign states most of which formerly constituted the British Empire.


negara hukum

Compound of negara (“state”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch rechtsstaat (literally “law state”), from German Rechtsstaat coined by Carl Theodor Welcker in 1813.

(government, law) rechtsstaat, a doctrine in continental European legal thinking, with emphasise what is just, in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by the law.


negara kota

Compound of negara (“state”) + kota (“city”), calque of Dutch stadstaat (“city state”).

(government) city state, a sovereign city, as in Ancient Greece, often part of a league of such cities.


kedokteran gigi

From kedokteran (“medicine”) + gigi (“tooth”) as calque of German Zahnmedizin (“dentistry”, literally “tooth medicine”).


tmpt

(text messaging) Abbreviation of tempat.


tgl

(text messaging) Abbreviation of tanggal.


mahoni daun besar

From mahoni (“mahogany”) + daun (“leaf”) + besar (“big, large”).

compound

Swietenia macrophylla; Honduran mahogany.


jabon

Neolamarckia cadamba
Neolamarckia cadamba#Translingual


cemara udang

From cemara (“casuarina”) + udang (“shrimp, prawn”).

Casuarina equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia#Translingual


cemara kipas

From cemara (“casuarina”) + kipas (“fan”).

northern white-cedar
northern white-cedar

Thuja occidentalis; northern white-cedar.


cemara angin

From cemara (“casuarina”) + angin (“wind”).


mahoni daun kecil

From mahoni (“mahogany”) + daun (“leaf”) + kecil (“small”).

West Indian mahogany
West Indian mahogany

Swietenia mahagoni; West Indian mahogany.


jelutung

Dyera costulata; timor white gum; jelutong.


mahoni

west Indian mahogany
west Indian mahogany

Swietenia mahagoni; west Indian mahogany.


ampupu

Unknown. From an Eastern Malay variety. (cognate to Tetum ai-bubur).


kayu putih

Compound of kayu (“wood”) + putih (“white”), from Malay kayu putih.


cemara buaya

From cemara (“casuarina”) + buaya (“crocodile”).


beringin

Inherited from Malay beringin, calque of कल्पवृक्ष (kalpavṛkṣa). Equivalent to ber- + ingin.

Ficus benjamina; banyan tree; weeping fig.


wisudawan

From wisuda + -wan. Attested before 1967.


biarawan

From biara + -wan. Attested before 1953.


dermawan

From Malay dermawan, from Classical Malay dermawan, darmawan. Equivalent to derma + -wan.


beluntas

Unknown. Cognate to Sundanese baluntas, Madurese baluntas.


bangsawan

Affixed bangsa + -wan, from Malay bangsawan, from Classical Malay bangsawan.


swasembada

From swa- + sembada, calque of Czech svépomoc. Coined by Czech orientalist Zorica Marta Dubovská 1970s.


anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara

[aŋˈɡaran pəndaˈpatan ˈdan bəˈland͡ʒa nəˈɡara]

Compound of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja (“revenue and expenditure budget”) + negara (“state, country”).

compound

(finance, government) state budget, government budget. (Indonesia)

id:Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara


pemungutan suara

id-noun

pemungutan suara (plural pemungutan-pemungutan suara)


upaya

From Malay upaya, from Classical Malay upaya, from Sanskrit उपाय (upāya).


tautan

Affixed taut + -an. The sense “link” is a semantic loan from English link.


bahan

From Malay bahan, from Classical Malay bahan.

(rare) chip, flake: a small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material.

matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.

material:
text written for a specific purpose.

fabric: cloth to be made into a garment.

related data of various kinds, especially if collected as the basis for a document or book.

the substance that something is made or composed of.

matter: printed material, especially in books or magazines.

stuff: the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object.


penipu

Inherited from Malay penipu. Equivalent to
peng- + tipu.

A person whose actions or words are dishonest with certain intention.

A person who swindles, cheats or defrauds; cheater; fraudster; swindler.

A person who defrauds or swindles others after first gaining their trust; con artist.

A person who performs a trick for the purpose of unlawful gain; fraud.

A person who lies or deceives; deceiver.

A person who steals, lies, cheats or does other dishonest; crook.

Someone who exploits others, for example by trickery, lies; shark.

A rascal or unprincipled deceiver; rogue.

One who practises deception by concealment or omission, or by feigning a false appearance; dissimulator.

One who claims to have a unique, special or supernatural skill; charlatan


musibah

From Arabic مُصِيبَة (muṣība, “calamity, affliction, misfortune, disaster”).


sengketa

sēngketa (canonical)
sengketa-sengketa (plural)

From Sanskrit संकट (saṃkaṭa, “crisis, calamity, danger”).

dispute, an argument or disagreement, a failure to agree.

legal case, a dispute between opposing parties which may be resolved by a court, or by some equivalent legal process.


serapah

sêrapah (canonical)
serapah-serapah (plural)

From Malay serapah, serapa, from Classical Malay serapa, serapah, serpa,
* from Sanskrit शप (śapa, “curse”) + -er-.
* from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(s)rpah (“to insult”)

infix

Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">शप</i> (śapa, “curse”)

curse, a prayer or imprecation that harm may befall someone.


sentana

From Javanese ꦱꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦤ (sentana), from Old Javanese santāna, from Sanskrit सन्तान (santāna, “child”). Cognate of Balinese ᬲᭂᬦ᭄ᬢᬦ (sentana, “descendant”).


sangkakala

Inherited from Malay sangkakala, from Sanskrit शङ्ख (śaṅkha, “trumpet, horn”, literally “shell, conch-shell”) + काल (kāla, “time, hour”).


ayam hutan

From ayam (“chicken”) + hutan (“forest”).


indikasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch indicatie.

a fact that shows that something exists or may happen

(medicine) any symptom or occurrence in a disease that serves to direct to suitable remedies; the problem that warrants and prompts the use of a diagnostic test, imaging mode, or treatment (e.g., medication, surgical procedure)

id:reason for using a medical test or treatment

(finance) an declared approximation of the price at which a traded security is likely to commence trading


sertifikasi

sértifikasi (canonical)
sertifikasi-sertifikasi (plural)

From Dutch certificatie, from Middle Dutch certifficatie, from Old French certification, from Latin certificātiō.


akurasi

accuracy (state of being accurate; being free from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness; exactness; correctness)


sekon

From Dutch seconde (“second”), from French seconde, from Latin secunda.

(sciences) second, one-sixtieth of a minute; the SI unit of time, defined as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of caesium-133 in a ground state at a temperature of absolute zero and at rest.


determinisme

(philosophy) determinism: the doctrine that all actions are determined by the current state and immutable laws of the universe, with no possibility of choice.


presisi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch precisie, probably from Middle French precision, ultimately from Latin praecīsiō.

(Standard Malay)

(sciences) precision, the ability of a measurement to be reproduced consistently.


kalajengking

From Malay kala jengking, from Classical Malay kala jengking, from Javanese kalajengking (ꦏꦭꦗꦼꦁꦏꦶꦁ), from Old Javanese kala jĕṅkiṅ. Equivalent to kala (“stinging animal, scorpion”) + jengking (“upside-down, topsy-turvy”). The standard spelling was influenced by Javanese spelling.


caplak

Tick, a tiny woodland arachnid of the suborder Ixodida.


pinjal

Flea, A small, wingless, parasitic insect of the order Siphonaptera.


penyitaan

seizure: the act of taking possession, as by force or right of law.


pelepasan

the act of releasing, abandoning or liberating

dismissal: deprivation of office; the fact or process of being fired from employment or stripped of rank.


bea materai

Compound of bea + materai, calque of Dutch zegelrecht. Replaced bea segel.


anggi

From Javanese ꦲꦔ꧀ꦒꦶ (anggi, “herb”), from Old Javanese aṅgī (“herb”).


abg

(text messaging) Abbreviation of abang (“older brother”).


adiraja

Affixed adi- + raja, inherited from Malay adiraja, from Classical Malay اديراج (adiraja), from Sanskrit अधिराज (adhirāja).


kardus

From Dutch kardoes, from Middle French cartouche, Italian cartoccio, derived from Latin carta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus, paper”). Doublet of kartel, karton, kartu, katrij, kartrid, and kertas.


adibintang

Affixed adi- + bintang, calque of Dutch superster.


adikodrati

From adi- + kodrati. Calque of English supernatural.


adikarya

Affixed adi- + karya (“work”), calque of French chef-d’œuvre (“masterpiece”).


adibusana

Affixed adi- + busana, calque of French haute couture.

(neologism, fashion) haute couture, exclusive fashion, high fashion, high style


gengsi

From Minangkabau [Term?]. Coined by Indonesian author Rosihan Anwar in 1949.


adipenghantar

Affixed adi- + penghantar (“conductor”), calque of English superconductor. Coined by Indonesian physicist Liek Wilardjo.


linmas

perlindungan masyarakat
perlindungan masyarakat#Indonesian

short for perlindungan masyarakat (“civil defence”, literally “society protection”).


pendidikan kesejahteraan keluarga

Compound of pendidikan (“education”) + kesejahteraan (“welfare”) + keluarga (“family”), from Japanese 婦人会 (fujinkai, “women association”).
* Replaced by pembinaan kesejahteraan keluarga.
* Replaced bujingkai.

der

(obsolete) home economics: a program at village level in Indonesia to educate women on various aspects of family welfare.


rukun tetangga

id-noun

rukun tetangga (plural rukun-rukun tetangga)

Compound of rukun (“harmonious, peaceful, unanimous”) + tetangga (“neighbor”), calque from Japanese 隣組(となりぐみ) (tonarigumi, literally “neighbor association”).

ja-r

neighborhood association, a group of residents or property owners who advocate for or organize activities within a neighborhood.


rukun warga

Compound of rukun + warga, displaced rukun kampung, calque from Japanese 字常会(あざじょうかい) (azajōkai, literally “aza regular meeting”).

rukun tetangga
rukun tetangga#Indonesian

A hamlet-like (a group of houses) informal governance structure in Indonesia, which is larger than rukun tetangga.


hanra

pertahanan rakyat
pertahanan rakyat#Indonesian

short for pertahanan rakyat (“civil defense”).


hansip

pertahanan sipil
pertahanan sipil#Indonesian

Acronym of pertahanan sipil (“civil defense”).

(colloquial) a type of local security officers of an administrative village in Indonesia who part of civil defence system.

(Kaskus) website/forum support who handle abuse or report


pertahanan sipil

Compound of pertahanan (“defense”) + sipil (“civil”), calque of English civil defense.

compound

civil defense (US), civil defence (British), efforts to protect the citizens of a state from military attack.


kurap

From Malay kurap, from Proto-Austronesian *kurap (“ringworm”).


ceker

From Javanese ꦕꦺꦏꦺꦂ (cékér). Doublet of cakar.


induk

From Malay induk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *indu. Doublet of indu. Compare Sundanese indung (“mother”).

(figurative) main, master, principal, center

(figurative) essence, quintessence, nucleus, origin, core, source


nasi kepal

Compound of nasi + kepal, calque of Japanese お握り. Attested before 1985.


narablog

From nara- + blog. Coined by Indonesian blogger Enda Nasution in 2009. Calque of English blogger.

coinage

(Internet) A contributor to a blog (from weblog) or online journal; blogger.


perbuatan pidana

perbuatan + pidana. Coined by Indonesian jurist and professor Moeljatno.


pelanggaran pidana

From pelanggaran + pidana. Coined by Indonesian jurist Tirta Admadja.


tindak pidana

Compound of tindak + pidana, calque of Dutch strafbaar feit. Coined by Indonesian jurist Satochid Kartanegara.


peristiwa pidana

From peristiwa + pidana. Coined by Indonesian jurist Ernst Utrecht.


sosiawan

From sosial + wan.
Coined by Indonesian journalist Soedardjo Tjokrosisworo.


cendikiawan

id-noun

cêndikiawan (plural cendikiawan-cendikiawan or para cendikiawan)

cêndikiawan (canonical)
cendikiawan-cendikiawan (plural)
para cendikiawan (plural)


tagar

Acronym of tanda pagar. Coined by Indonesian game designer Dian Ara in 2010.


linimasa

From lini + masa. Calque of English timeline. Coined by Indonesian poet Hasan Aspahani in 2010.


pengesahan kewajaran

(business) attestation: The process, performed by accountants or auditors, of providing independent opinion on published financial and other business information of a business, public agency, or other organization.


jazirah

From Malay jazirah, from Classical Malay jazirah, from Arabic جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “peninsula”).


cerpenis

From cerpen + -is. Coined by Indonesian author Pramoedya Ananta Toer.


sendratari

sêndratari (canonical)
sendratari-sendratari (plural)

Blend of seni (“art”) + drama (“drama”) + tari (“dance”).
Coined by Indonesian artist and author Herman Pratikto in 1961.

coinage

Meski yang ingin kulihat sebenarnya adalah sendratari lain setelah pertunjukan ini, tapi tarian para perempuan di depan itu seperti mampu menyihirku.

2015, Rae Shella, Arum Effendi, Tyas Effendi, Untuk Apa Kau Menandai Waktu?, Universitas Brawijaya Press, page 174:

Even though what I really wanted to see was another ballet after this performance, but the dancing of the women in the front seemed to be able to bewitch me.

Ballet, a theatrical presentation of such dancing, usually with music, sometimes in the form of a story.


arondisemen

From French arrondissement. Attested before 1964.


kepanduan

Affixed pandu + ke- -an. Semantic loan from Dutch padvinderij. Coined by Indonesian statesman Agus Salim in 1928.


wadam

Blend of hawa + adam. First attested around 1960s. Replaced by waria.


kata keterangan

From kata (“word”) + keterangan (“explanation”). Coined by Indonesian author Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana in 1963.


kalimat keterangan

From kalimat (“sentence”) + keterangan. Coined by Indonesian author Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana in 1963.


frasa keterangan

From frasa (“phrase”) + keterangan. Coined by Indonesian author Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana in 1963.


daya hantar

Compound of daya + hantar, from English conductivity. Coined by Komisi Istilah 50s.


masyarakat madani

Compound of masyarakat + madani, from Malay masyarakat madani.


kartu SIM

surat izin mengemudi
surat izin mengemudi#Indonesian


penyelenggaraan

Affixed selenggara + peng- -an, Inherited from Malay penyelenggaraan (“maintenance”).

inh+

organizing: the act or process by which something is organized.

execution: the act, manner or style of executing (actions, maneuvers, performances).

(rare) maintenance: actions performed to keep some machine or system functioning or in service.


sabu-sabu

Reduplication of sabu, from English shabu, from Japanese シャブ (shabu, “stimulant”), possibly from Japanese しゃぶる (shaburu, “to suck, to lick”).


busyido

Borrowed from Japanese 武士道 (bushidō), from Middle Chinese 武士 (mɨo^X d͡ʒɨ^X, “warrior”) + 道 (dɑu^X, “way”).

An ethical code of the samurai that was prevalent in feudal Japan that advocated unquestioning loyalty to the master at all costs and obedience in all deeds, valuing honor above life.


syabu-syabu

From Japanese しゃぶしゃぶ (shabushabu). Attested before 1990.


kartu keluarga

Compound of kartu (“card”) + keluarga (“family”).


penanda

marker
(literally) Something that marks.

(biology) A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.

(biology, medicine) a biomarker: A substance used as a diagnostic indicator or for other analysis;

A perceptible (e.g. visibile) indication.

A semantic unit, something that conveys meaning or information (e.g. a word of written language); (linguistics, semiotics) a unit consisting of a signifier and a signified concept.

(linguistics) identifier: the sound of spoken word or string of letters on a page that a person recognizes as a sign; signifier.

Something that identifies or uniquely points to something or someone else.

(computing) tag: a keyword, term, or phrase associated with or assigned to data, media, and/or information enabling keyword-based classification; often used to categorize content.

(computing) bookmark: a record of the address of a file or Internet page, serving as a shortcut to it.


kanker serviks

From kanker + serviks. Calque of English cervical cancer.


kala kini

From kala + kini. Calque of English present tense.


kala akan datang

From kala + akan datang. Calque of English future tense.


hawalah

From Arabic حَوَالَة (ḥawāla, “transfer, trust”).

bor

(Islamic finance) hawala, a long-established informal system of money transfer from India and the Middle East, still in use by migrant workers.


reksa dana

Compound of reksa (“guardian”) + dana (“fund”), semantic loan from English mutual fund. Coined in Law No.8 of 1995 on Capital Market, which passed in 1995. The term was inspired by name PT Reksadana.


wadiah

From Arabic وَدِيعَة (wadīʕa, “deposit”).

(Islamic finance) deposit of funds or assets by a person with an Islamic bank


dana abadi

From dana (“fund”) + abadi (“eternal”), calque of English endowment fund.

sovereign wealth fund
sovereign wealth fund


murabahah

Arabic مرابحة


musyarakah

From Arabic مُشَارَكَة (mušāraka, “sharing”).


sawi putih

Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis

Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, a kind of Chinese cabbage; napa; celery cabbage.


sawi hijau

A Chinese vegetable, a variety of Brassica rapa parachinensis subspecies, similar to bok choy but slimmer, with smooth green leaves and pale green stems, and clusters of flowers on the tips of the inner shoots; choy sum.


pakcoy

From Hakka 白菜 (pha̍k-chhoi, “white vegetable”). Doublet of petsai.

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis#Translingual

Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, an East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage; bok choy.


mukayyad

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُقَيَّد (muqayyad).


detoks

Short for detoksifikasi (“detoxification”).


sawi pagoda

Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa#Translingual

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa an Asian variety of Brassica rapa grown for greens, lately popular in North American cuisine; tatsoi.


pramuacara

master of ceremonies
master of ceremonies


pramurukti

pramu- + Javanese ꦫꦸꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (rukti, “taking care, looking after”).


peniru

From Malay peniru. Equivalent to peng- + tiru.


pramutama

Blend of pramutamu + utama, from pramu- + tamu.


siniar

→ Malay: siniar

Affixed siar (“broadcast”) + -in- (“unproductive noun-forming infix”). Coined by Indonesian engineer Ivan Lanin in May 2011.


ilmu suluk

From Malay ilmu suluk,
from Classical Malay ilmu suluk, from Arabic عِلْم السُلُوك (ʕilm as-sulūk). Equivalent to ilmu + suluk.

der

عِلْم السُلُوك


ilmu syariat

From Malay ilmu syariat,
from Classical Malay ilmu syari`at, from Arabic عِلْم الشَرِيعَة (ʕilm aš-šarīʕa). Equivalent to ilmu + syariat.

عِلْم الشَرِيعَة


ilmu tauhid

From Malay ilmu tauhid,
from Classical Malay ilmu tawhid, from Arabic علم التوحيد. Equivalent to ilmu + tauhid.

Arabic علم التوحيد


ilmu nahu

From Malay ilmu nahu,
from Classical Malay ilmu nahu, from Arabic ﻋﻠﻢ النحو. Equivalent to ilmu + nahu.

Arabic ﻋﻠﻢ النحو


ilmu hakikat

From Malay ilmu hakikat,
from Classical Malay ilmu hakikat, from Arabic عِلْم الحَقِيقَة (ʕilm al-ḥaqīqa). Equivalent to ilmu + hakikat.

عِلْم الحَقِيقَة


ilmu mantik

From Malay ilmu mantik,
from Classical Malay ilmu mantik, from Arabic عِلْم الْمَنْطِق (ʕilm al-manṭiq, “science of logic”). Equivalent to ilmu + mantik.

عِلْم الْمَنْطِق

logic: the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.


ilmu hadis

From Malay ilmu hadis,
from Classical Malay ilmu hadis, from Arabic عِلْم الْحَدِيث (ʕilm al-ḥadīṯ). Equivalent to ilmu + hadis.

عِلْم الْحَدِيث

Arabic عِلْم الْحَدِيث (ʕilm al-ḥadīṯ)


ilmu tafsir

From Malay ilmu tafsir,
from Classical Malay ilmu tafsir, from Arabic عِلْم التَّفْسِير (ʕilm at-tafsīr). Equivalent to ilmu + tafsir.

عِلْم التَّفْسِير


ilmu fikih

From Malay ilmu fikih,
from Classical Malay ilmu fikih, ilmu fiqh, from Arabic عِلْم الْفِقْهِ (ʕilm al-fiqhi). Equivalent to ilmu + fikih.

عِلْم الْفِقْهِ

Di pesantren kami, kami belajar ilmu fikih.

In our Islamic boarding school, we study fiqh.


ilmu saraf

Compound of ilmu + saraf, from Malay ilmu saraf, from Classical Malay ilmu saraf, from Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf).

عِلْم الصَّرْف

Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf)

(linguistics) morphology: the study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).


ilmu saraf

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + saraf (“nerve”), calque from Japanese 神経学(しんけいがく) (shinkeigaku, “neurology”, literally “nerve science”).

ja-r

neurology: the branch of medicine that deals with the disorders of nervous system including the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system and the nerves, muscles, and neuromuscular junction of the peripheral nervous system.


ilmu saraf

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + saraf (“nerve”), calque of English neuroscience.

neuroscience: the scientific study of the nervous system.


ilmu kimia

From Malay ilmu kimia,
from Classical Malay ilmu kimia, possibly from Arabic عِلْم الْكِيمياء. Equivalent to ilmu + kimia.

der

عِلْم الْكِيمياء

Arabic عِلْم الْكِيمياء


S.Ag.

(historical) Abbreviation of Sarjana Agama.


FIPA

(historical) Initialism of Fakultas Ilmu Pasti dan Alam.


FMIPA

Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
ilmu pengetahuan alam#Indonesian

Abbreviation of Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam.


MIPA

Acronym of Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (“mathematics and natural science”).


S.I.P.

Abbreviation of Sarjana Ilmu Pemerintahan.

(historical) Abbreviation of Sarjana ilmu Politik.

(historical) Abbreviation of Sarjana Ilmu Perpustakaan.


kartu kredit

id-noun

kartu krédit (plural kartu-kartu kredit)

kartu krédit (canonical)
kartu-kartu kredit (plural)

From kartu (“card”) + kredit (“credit”). Calque of English credit card.


penyakit gula

penyakit gula (plural penyakit-penyakit gula)

Compound of penyakit (“disease”) + gula (“sugar”), calque of Dutch suikerziekte (“diabetes”, literally “sugar disease”).

calque

Penyakit gula juga bisa memengaruhi kondisi kulit.


pemegang

From pem + pegang. The sense “a person who possesses something” is a semantic loan from English holder.

A person who (temporarily or permanently) possesses something.


ayam negeri

Compound of ayam (“chicken”) + negeri (“state, nation”). The negeri (“state”) refer to national government support on the introduction of broiler during 1961-1970.

com

broiler: a chicken suitable for broiling.


gedung

From Malay gedung, from Classical Malay gedung (“building”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuŋ (“unpartitioned building”). Doublet of gedong.

der

building: a closed structure with walls and a roof.


pejuang

a person who is actively engaged in battle, conflict or warfare; a soldier or combatant

(figuratively) a person who is aggressively, courageously, or energetically involved in an activity, such as athletics


perjuangan

a contortion of the body in an attempt to escape or to perform a difficult task

(figurative) Strife, contention, great effort

struggle
Strife, contention, great effort

fight (a conflict, possibly nonphysical, with opposing ideas or forces; strife)


putusan

(law) sentence, verdict, the decision or judgement of a court.


hukum adat

Compound of hukum (“law”) + adat (“custom”), calque of Dutch gewoonterecht (“customary law”) and Dutch adatrecht (literally “adat law”). The term adatrecht was systematically used for the first time by Christiaan Hurgronje, Dutch colonial advisor on Islamic policy, and subsequently by Van Vollenhoven, Dutch legal scholar.

clq

(law) customary law: a set of customs, practices and beliefs that are accepted as obligatory rules of conduct by indigenous peoples and local communities.


tekad

From Malay tekad, clipping of Arabic اِعْتِقَاد (iʕtiqād). Doublet of nekat and iktikad.


perpaduan

pêrpaduan (canonical)
perpaduan-perpaduan (plural)

Affixed padu + per- -an, inherited from Malay perpaduan.


penggalian

From Malay penggalian. Equivalent to gali + peng- -an.

A site where an excavation is being carried out.


penyamaran

From Malay penyamaran. Equivalent to samar + peng- -an.


pendengar

someone who listens, especially to a speech or a broadcast

a student who participates in listening to lessons, but is not registered as a regular student


perasaan

Affixed rasa + per- -an, from Malay perasaan.


detektif

From Malay detektif, from English detective.

(law enforcement) a police officer who looks for evidence as part of solving a crime; an investigator.

a person employed to find information not otherwise available to the public.


kekecewaan

kê‧kê‧cè‧wa‧an


konspirasi

From Dutch conspiratie (“conspiracy”), from French conspiration, from Latin cōnspīrātiō, cōnspīrātiōnem.


saksi mata

Compound of saksi + mata, from calque of Dutch ooggetuige.


kelajuan

kêlajuan (canonical)
kelajuan-kelajuan (plural)

Affixed laju + ke- -an, from Malay kelajuan.

(chiefly mechanics) speed: the rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time.


kebakaran

From Malay kebakaran, from Classical Malay kebakaran. Equivalent to bakar + ke- -an.


sidang

public: the people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group.

(law) short for persidangan (“trial: appearance at judicial court in order to be examined”)..


ketuhanan

kêtuhanan (canonical)
ketuhanan-ketuhanan (plural)

Affixed tuhan + ke- -an, from Malay ketuhanan.

The state, position, or fact of being a god or God.

divinity:
The study of religion or religions.


keberanian

From Malay keberanian. Equivalent to berani + ke- -an.


keadilan

kêadilan (canonical)
keadilan-keadilan (plural)

Affixed adil + ke- -an, from Malay keadilan.


takrif

From Malay takrif, from Arabic تَعْرِيف (taʕrīf). Doublet of tarif.


kelab

An establishment that provides staged entertainment; club

(colloquial) Clipping of kelab malam (“nightclub”).


fasisme

Affixed fasis + -isme, borrowed from Dutch fascisme, from Italian fascismo.


ketahanan

kêtahanan (canonical)
ketahanan-ketahanan (plural)

Affixed tahan + ke- -an, from Malay ketahanan.


edisi

→ Betawi: edisi

→ Malay: edisi

From Dutch editie, from Middle French édition, from Latin ēditiō, from ēdō + -tiō.

A written work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner, or at a certain time.

The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time.


makmal

From Malay makmal, from Arabic مَعْمَل (maʕmal).


kubur

From Malay kubur, from Arabic قُبُور (qubūr).

grave (excavation in the earth as a place of burial)


kecepatan

kêcêpatan (canonical)
kecepatan-kecepatan (plural)

Affixed cepat + ke- -an, from Malay kecepatan.
* The sense of too fast is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦕꦼꦥꦼꦠꦤ꧀ (kacepetan).

sl

the state of moving quickly or the capacity for rapid motion.

(common, proscribed in scientific usage) the rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time.

(Standard Malay)

(mechanics) velocity: a vector quantity that denotes the rate of change of position with respect to time, combining speed with a directional component.


kegagalan

kêgagalan (canonical)
kegagalan-kegagalan (plural)

Affixed gagal + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kegagalan (“failure”).


jeritan

a loud, emphatic, exclamation of extreme emotion, especially horror, fear, excitement, or anger; it may comprise a word or a sustained, high-pitched vowel sound

a loud vocalisation of many animals, especially in response to pain or fear


kedatangan

Affixed datang + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kedatangan.


kasturi

Inherited from Malay kasturi, from Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”). Doublet of kesturi and seturi.

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

abelmosk, annual hibiscus, musk mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus)

a mango of species Mangifera casturi, from South Kalimantan

a back-scratcher ginger, or torch ginger, of species Tapeinochilos ananassae, a type of flower from Maluku and New Guinea.


karier

From Dutch carrière, from French carrière (a road or racecourse), from Italian carriera, from Old Occitan carreira, from Late Latin carrāria based on Latin carrus 'wheeled vehicle'.

career, one's calling in life; a person's occupation; one's profession.


karier

(medicine) carrier: a person or other organism that has a genetic trait, mutation or infection liable to cause a disease, but displays no symptoms.


jajahan

Affixed jajah + -an, from Malay jajahan. Cognate of Javanese ꦗꦗꦲꦤ꧀ (jajahan, “colony”), Old Javanese jajahan (“dependency”).


keseimbangan

Affixed seimbang + ke- -an, inherited from Malay keseimbangan.


kucai

From Malay kucai, from Hokkien 韭菜 (kú-chhài).


implikasi

From Dutch implicatie, from French implication, from Latin implicātiō.

implication,
the state of being implicated.

an implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words.


komponen

From Dutch component, from Latin compōnēns, present participle of compōnō (“assemble, put together”).

component: a smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.


setop

From Dutch stop, Middle Dutch stoppe, from Middle Dutch stoppen, from Old Dutch *stoppon, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn. Doublet of stop.


rahib

From Malay rahib, from Arabic رَاهِب (rāhib).


negatif

From Dutch negatief, from Middle French [Term?] (Modern French négatif), from Old French negatif, from Latin negativus (“that denies, negative”), from negare (“to deny”); see negate.

der

negative, an image in which dark areas represent light ones, and the converse.

negative, the negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.


abantara

From Malay abantara (“herald”), from Classical Malay ابنتارا (abantara).


mizan

From Malay mizan, from Arabic مِيزَان (mīzān).


plasenta

From Dutch placenta, from New Latin placenta (“a vascular and endocrine organ”), from Latin placenta (“flat cake”), because of the flat round shape of the afterbirth, from Ancient Greek πλακόεντα (plakóenta), πλακοῦντα (plakoûnta), accusative of πλακόεις (plakóeis), πλακοῦς (plakoûs, “flat cake”), from πλάξ (pláx, “flat”).

a vascular organ in mammals, except monotremes and marsupials, present only in the female during gestation. It supplies food and oxygen from the mother to the foetus, and passes back waste. It is implanted in the wall of the uterus and links to the foetus through the umbilical cord. It is expelled after birth.

it is an endocrine gland which secret human chorionic gonadotropin hormone.The HCG if detected in woman's urine then the pregnancy is confirmed.


pradana

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रधान (pradhāna). Doublet of perdana.

lbor

(scouting) gang leader, leader of a number going in company; a number of friends or persons associated for a particular purpose.


perwira tinggi

id-noun

perwira tinggi (plural perwira-perwira tinggi)

From perwira (“officer”) + tinggi (“high”).

(military, law enforcement) high-ranking officer.


senja

From Prakrit 𑀲𑀁𑀛𑀸 (saṃjhā, “evening”), from Sanskrit संध्या (saṃdhyā, “evening, twilight”).


seraya

Inherited from Malay seraya, from Classical Malay seraya, from Javanese ꦱꦿꦪ (sraya), from Old Javanese āśraya, from Sanskrit आश्रय (āśraya, “protection, shelter”). Doublet of serayo.
* Semantic loan from Minangkabau serayo.


bendara

bêndara (canonical)
bendara-bendara (plural)

From Javanese ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫ (bendara), from Prakrit bhaṁḍāra, bhaṁḍāāra, bhaṁḍāgāra, from Sanskrit भाण्डागार (bhāṇḍāgāra, “treasury”). Doublet of bendahara, bendahari, bendara, bendari, bendoro, and bentara.

doublet

(archaic) treasurer, the government official in charge of the treasury.

(archaic) steward, a person who manages the property or affairs for another entity, particularly (historical) the chief administrator of a medieval manor.

(dialect, Java) a Javanese royal and nobility title, see Gelar kebangsawanan Jawa.


keluarga kerajaan

id-noun

kêluarga kêrajaan (plural keluarga-keluarga kerajaan)

kêluarga kêrajaan (canonical)
keluarga-keluarga kerajaan (plural)

keluarga (“family”) + kerajaan (“kingdom”).

compound

Salah satu diagram silsilah yang terkenal adalah keluarga kerajaan Eropa yang membawa hemofilia.

One of famous pedigree is European royal families pedigree which carries haemofilia.

royal family, the family of the ruling sovereign of a country or state.


petaka

pêtaka (canonical)
petaka-petaka (plural)

From Malay petaka, from Classical Malay petaka (“misfortune”), from Sanskrit पातक (pātaka, “crime, loss of caste”).


sayembara

sayêmbara (canonical)
sayembara-sayembara (plural)

From Malay sayembara, from Sanskrit स्वयंवर (svayaṃvara, “self-choice [of husband by nobility daughter]”). Cognate of Old Javanese swayambara, Javanese sayembara (ꦱꦪꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦫ).

self-choice 􂀿of husband by nobility daughter􂁀


prevalensi

prévalènsi (canonical)
prevalensi-prevalensi (plural)

Internationalism, from Dutch prevalentie, from Middle French prévalence.

the quality or condition of being prevalent; wide extension or spread.

Prevalensi penyakit akan tinggi pada puncak epidemi.

Prevalence will be high on the peak of epidemic.

(medicine) the total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.


tangga berjalan

id-noun

tangga berjalan (plural tangga-tangga berjalan)

Compound of tangga (“stair”) + berjalan (“walking”). Compare to Cantonese 行人電梯 /行人电梯 (hang⁴ jan⁴ din⁶ tai¹, “escalator”, literally “pedestrian electric ladder”), Italian scala mobile.

ncog

Banyak stasiun yang hanya mempunyai tangga berjalan.

escalator, a motor-driven mechanical device consisting of a continuous loop of steps that automatically conveys people from one floor to another.


legitimasi

From Dutch legitimatie, from French légitimation.

legitimacy, the quality of being legitimate or valid; validity.

legitimation, the act of establishing something as lawful; authorization.


dini hari

From earlier dina hari, from Javanese dina (“day”) + hari (“day”). Reanalyzed as dini (“early”) + hari (“day”).


belalai

From Malay belalai, from Classical Malay belalai.


kemampuan

kêmampuan (canonical)
kemampuan-kemampuan (plural)


jentik-jentik

jêntik-jêntik (canonical)
jentik-jentik (plural)


ketinggalan

Ketinggalannya boleh dibayar bulan depan.

leftover: Something left behind; an excess or remainder.


kendaraan

Affixed kendara + -an, from Malay kenderaan, kendaraan, from Classical Malay کندراٴن (kandaraan), کندراٴن (kendaraan), کندراٴن (kenderaan).

Kita harus memakai kendaraan untuk menempuh jarak sejauh itu.

We have to use a vehicle to cover such distance.


lingkungan

Affixed lingkung + -an, inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”).
* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.
* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).

cog

the surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest.

environment,
the natural world or ecosystem.

all the elements that affect a system or its inputs and outputs.

(computing) the software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system.

(Standard Malay)

lingkungan tetangga
lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian

(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”).


pajak

desc

→ Balinese: ᬧᬚᭂᬕ᭄ (pajeg, “tax”) (semantic loan)

→ Min Nan: 吧灼 (pā-chiak)

From Malay pajak (“rent”), from Old Javanese pajĕg (“arrangement”). Cognate of Javanese ꦥꦗꦼꦒ꧀ (pajeg, “tax”).
* The sense of tax is a semantic loan from Dutch belasting (“tax”). Replaced by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(Medan) market, (esp. a traditional one)


belanjaan

groceries (the commodities sold by a grocer or in a grocery store)


peradaban

pêradaban (canonical)
peradaban-peradaban (plural)

Affixed adab + per- -an. Attested before 1922.


kangsa

From Sanskrit कंस (kaṃsa). Doublet of gangsa.


dongeng

dongéng (canonical)
dongeng-dongeng (plural)


gundik

From Tamil கொண்டி (koṇṭi, “prostitute, concubine”).

der

concubine, a woman who lives with a man, but who is not a wife.

mistress, the other woman in an extramarital relationship, generally including sexual relations.


kelahi

From Malay kelahi, from Sanskrit कलह (kalaha).

a physical confrontation or combat between two or more people or groups.

a conflict, possibly nonphysical, with opposing ideas or forces; strife.


sandiwara

From Old Javanese sandhi (“deep, subtle”) + wara/warah (“to say”), reanalyzed as sandi + wara. Coined by Indonesian politician Mangkunegara VII to translate Dutch toneel.


tonil

From Dutch toneel, from Middle Dutch tineel, from Old French tinel, further origin uncertain.

(obsolete) theater, theatre, drama or performance as a profession or art form.


konsil

From English council, from Anglo-Norman cuncile, from Old French concile, from Latin concilium. Doublet of konsili.

Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia


sinode

From Dutch synode, from French synode, from Ancient Greek σύνοδος (súnodos, “assembly, meeting”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὁδός (hodós, “way, path”).

der

(Christianity) synod, an ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters.


penakut

From Malay penakut, from Classical Malay penakut. Equivalent to peng- + takut. Compare Tagalog panakot.


maskapai penerbangan

id-noun

maskapai penerbangan (plural maskapai-maskapai penerbangan)

Compound of maskapai + penerbangan, calque of Dutch luchtvaartmaatschappij.


mayit

From Malay mayit, mait, from Classical Malay mayit, mait, from Arabic مَيِّت (mayyit). Doublet of mayat.


arwah

From Malay arwah, from Classical Malay ارواح (arwah), from Arabic أَرْوَاح (ʔarwāḥ), plural of رُوح (rūḥ). Doublet of roh.

der

Arabic أَرْوَاح (ʔarwāḥ)


lawan

From Malay lawan, from Classical Malay lawan, from Proto-Malayic *laban.


badan hukum

Compound of badan (“body”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch rechtspersoon (literally “law person”).


deklarasi

dèklarasi (canonical)
deklarasi-deklarasi (plural)

From Dutch declaratie, from Middle French [Term?] (French déclaration), from Old French declaration, from Latin declaratio, declarationem.

a written or oral indication of a fact, opinion, or belief.

a list of items for various legal purposes, e.g. customs declaration.


spesialis

From Dutch specialist, from French spécialiste.

dokter spesialis
dokter spesialis#Indonesian

(medicine, healthcare) ellipsis of dokter spesialis (“specialist”).: a physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery.


kaidah hukum

id-noun

kaidah hukum (plural kaidah-kaidah hukum)

From kaidah (“rule”) + hukum (“law”). Calque of Dutch rechtsnormen (literally “law norm”).


kedudukan hukum

From kedudukan (“position”) + hukum (“legal”). Calque of English legal standing.


surat kuasa

Compound of surat (“letter”) + kuasa (“power”), calque of Dutch volmacht brief.

(law) A legal document allowing one person to act as the agent of another; power of attorney.


bajing loncat

From bajing (“squirrel”) + loncat (“jump”), literally “jumping squirrel”.

(figurative) A thief who steals items from cargo bed of a running vehicle (usually a pickup truck) on transport, begin with tailgate the vehicle using motorcycle, then the actor will jump to the vehicle to do action while accomplice still driving motorcycle


kenyataan hukum

Compound of kenyataan (“reality”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch rechtelijke werkelijkheid.


katena

From English catena, from Medieval Latin catena, from Latin catēna (“chain”).

(geology) catena: a series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope.


mengakak

Affixed meng- + kakak. Doublet of kakah.


teh es

(North Sumatra, West Kalimantan) Synonym of es teh.

North Sumatra; West Kalimantan; North Sumatra; West Kalimantan


keaktualan

actuality, the quality of being actual or factual; fact.


aktualitas

aktual + -itas. Influenced by English actuality, Dutch actualiteit, and French actualité.

(film) actuality, live reporting on current affairs.


kontaminasi

From Dutch contaminatie, from Latin contāminātiō.

contamination:
the act or process of contaminating.

(linguistics) the influence of one form (often from a foreign language) on the historical development of another form to which it may be related in meaning.


kuesioner

From Dutch questionnaire, from French questionnaire, from Late Latin quaestionarius, from quaestio (English question) + -arius, from quaerō (“I question”).


gardu induk

Compound of gardu (“post, station”) + induk (“central”, literally “main”), calque from Japanese 一次変電所(いじへンでんしょ) (ijihendensho, “primary substation”). Compare Dutch energiecentrale (“power station”, literally “energy centre”) and Dutch onderstation (“substation”).

cog

(electricity) substation, specifically transmission substation.


sistim

From Dutch systeem, from Late Latin systēma, from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “organised whole, body”).


gendis

gêndis (canonical)
gendis-gendis (plural)

Inherited from Malay gendis, from Javanese ꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦱ꧀ (gendhis), from Old Javanese gĕṇḍis (“sugar”).


nomor

From Malay nomor, from Dutch nummer, from Middle Dutch nommer, from Old French nombre. Modern standard spelling influenced by Malay nombor.

an abstract entity used to describe quantity.

indicating the position of something in a list or sequence.