refleksi

Borrowed from Dutch reflectie (“reflection”), from Middle French reflexion, reflection, from Late Latin reflexio, from the participle stem of reflectere.

bor+

the act of reflecting or the state of being reflected.

the property of a propagated wave being thrown back from a surface (such as a mirror).

something, such as an image, that is reflected.

(philosophy) careful thought or consideration.

reflection:
careful thought or consideration.

reflection:
(philosophy) an implied criticism.

(computing) the process or mechanism of determining the capabilities of an object at run-time.

(biology, rare) reflex: an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.


salin

From Malay salin, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin.
* The sense of harvesting ceremony preparation is a semantic loan from Sundanese [Term?].

spent fish (exhausted as a result of having deposit (eggs)).

(dialect) prepare ceremonial equipment for harvesting rice equipped with offerings.


manti

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Pali mantī (“minister”), from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, mantri, and menteri.

doublet

alternative spelling of menteri (“minister”)


manti

From Turkish mantı or Ottoman Turkish مانطی with possible cognate of Chinese 饅頭／馒头 (mántou).

(cooking) manti: A type of dumpling served in Turkish, Armenian and Central Asian cuisine.


makaroni

Borrowed from Dutch macaroni, from Italian maccaroni, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni”), plural of maccherone.

(cooking) macaroni: A type of pasta in the form of short tubes; sometimes loosely, pasta in general.


dosis

Learned borrowing from Late Latin dosis (“dose”) (influenced by Dutch dosis (“dose”)), from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), used by Galen and other Greek physicians to mean an amount of medicine, from Proto-Hellenic *dótis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis. Doublet of dus.

der

(Standard Malay)

(medicine, pharmacology) a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time.

(Standard Malay)

(nuclear physics, radiology) the quantity of an agent (not always active) substance or radiation administered at any one time.

(Standard Malay)

dosing: the administration of a medication etc, in a measured amount.


linguis

linguist (one who studies linguistics or skilled in languages)


refleks

From Dutch reflex, from French réflexe, from Latin reflexus.

reflex, an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.


alis

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦭꦶꦱ꧀ (alis),
from Old Javanese hālis.


semut

From Malay semut, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Aslian, from Proto-Austroasiatic *smuːcʔ (“ant”).


tongkrongan

hangout (a place for hanging out; an informal meeting-place)


replika

From Dutch replica, from Italian replica, derived from Latin replicare (“to copy”).


sirop

From Dutch siroop, from Middle Dutch siroop, from Old French sirop, from Medieval Latin siruppus, syrupus, from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, coffee, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”).

any thick liquid that has a high sugar content and which is added to or poured over food as a flavouring.


ontologi

From Dutch ontologie, from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos).

(uncountable, philosophy) the branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being

(uncountable, philosophy) in a subject view, or a world view, the set of conceptual or material things or classes of things that are recognised as existing, or are assumed to exist in context, and their interrelations; in a body of theory, the ontology comprises the domain of discourse, the things that are defined as existing, together with whatever emerges from their mutual implications

(countable, philosophy) the theory of a particular philosopher or school of thought concerning the fundamental types of entity in the universe

(logic) a logical system involving theory of classes, developed by Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939)

(countable, computer science, information science) a structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model


onderbouw

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderbouw (“foundation (of construction or education)”).

ubor

(literally, architecture, civil engineering) foundation of building


alam

Inherited from Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم (alam), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself.

nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design.

realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.


alam

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).

der

an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura


divisi

→ Malay: divisi

From Dutch divisie, from Old French division, from Latin divisio, divisionem. Cognate to Afrikaans divisie.

(military) a large military unit, usually with over 15,000 soldiers and divided into brigades.

division,
(business) a section of a company.

(sports) a part of a sports competition.

division,
a part of a sports competition.

(biology) a rank below kingdom and above class, particularly used of plants or fungi, also (particularly of animals) called a phylum; a taxon at that rank.


invasi

From Dutch invasie, from Middle French invasion, from Latin invāsiō.

(military) invasion, a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.


entrenador

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish entrenador (“manager (UK), coach (US)”, literally “trainer”).


fusi

From Dutch fusie, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fusionem (the accusative of fusio), from fusus, past participle of fundere (“pour, melt”).

(physics) a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy.

(genetics) the result of the hybridation of two genes which originally coded for separate proteins.

(cytology) the process by which two distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic core, resulting in one interconnected structure.

(business) the legal union of two or more corporations into a single entity, typically assets and liabilities being assumed by the buying party.

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one.


transfusi

Affixed trans- + fusi, borrowed from Dutch transfusie, from Latin transfusiō.


etiket

From Dutch etiquette, ultimately from French étiquette.

The forms required by a good upbringing, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society.

The customary behavior of members of a profession, business, law, or sports team towards each other.


kurban

From Malay korban, from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān), from Aramaic קורבנא (qurbānā). Cognate to Hebrew קָרְבָּן (qorbān). Doublet of korban.

(Islam) the ritual sacrifice at Eid ul-Adha

victim, a living being slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite.


impresi

From Dutch impressie, from French impression, from Latin impressio.
* Semantic loan from English impression for philosophical sense.

(anatomy) the indentation or depression made by the pressure of one object on or into another.

the overall effect of something, e.g., on a person.

(philosophy) the vivid perception of something as it is experienced, in contrast to ideas or thoughts drawn from memory or the imagination.


abrasi

From Dutch abrasie, from French abrasion (attested since 1611), from Medieval Latin abrasio (“a scraping”), from Latin abrādō (“scrape off”).

(Standard Malay)

the act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction.

(geology) the effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it.

(medicine) a superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away.


sepatu

Inherited from Malay sepatu, from Portuguese sapato.


resi

receipt, a written acknowledgment that a specified article or sum of money has been received.


resi

From Malay resi, from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛṣi).


resi

From Malay resi, from Pali rasa, from Sanskrit रस (rasa). Doublet of raksa, raksi, and rasa.


erosi

From Dutch erosie, from French érosion, from Latin ērōsiō.

the changing of a surface by mechanical action, friction, thermal expansion contraction, or impact.

(geology) the result of having been worn away or eroded, as by a glacier on rock or the sea on a cliff face.

(medicine) a shallow ulceration or lesion, usually involving skin or epithelial tissue.

(dentistry) loss of tooth enamel due to non-bacteriogenic chemical processes.


renda

From Malay renda, from Portuguese renda, from Spanish randa, probably from Proto-Germanic *randiz, *randōn (“edge, rim”).


rodi

From earlier ordi, from Old Galician-Portuguese ordin, from Latin ordo. Doublet of orde, order, ordi, and ordo.

corvee: unpaid labor required by a feudal lord.


cili

From Dutch chili, from Spanish chili, from Classical Nahuatl chīlli.

chili pepper: any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin.


siri

Borrowed from Buginese ᨔᨗᨑᨗ (siri, “principle; honour; shame, dishonour”).

bor+

principle and honour (of South Sulawesi people)


dispersi

From Dutch dispersie, from Old French dispersion, from Latin dispertio.

dispersedness: the state of being dispersed.

(Standard Malay)

(optics) the separation of visible light by refraction or diffraction.


habitus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habitus, from Latin habitus.

(medicine) the general shape and appearance of the body, usually with reference to weight, adipose distribution, posture, and gait.

(sociology) the lifestyle, values, dispositions and expectations of particular social groups that are acquired through the activities and experiences of everyday life.

(psychology) an action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness.

(botany) the characteristic form in which a given species of plant grows.


kolonel

kolonèl (canonical)
kolonel-kolonel (plural)


akrasia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀκρασία (akrasía, “lacking command (over oneself)”).


soya

From Dutch soja, from Japanese そや (soya), topicalized form of そい (soi), itself the Kagoshima dialectal form of Japanese 醤油 (shōyu, “soy sauce”), from Chinese 醬油 /酱油 (jiàngyóu).


insan

From Malay insan, from Arabic إِنْسَان (ʔinsān).


damas

From Dutch damast, from Middle Dutch damst, from Middle French damas or Italian damasto, named after Damascus, the Syrian city it originates from.


meses

From Dutch muisjes (“a type of sprinkles”, literally “mice”), muis (“mouse”), from Middle Dutch muus, from Old Dutch *mūs, from Proto-Germanic *mūs.

bor

(cooking) sprinkles, small candy or sugar pieces that are sprinkled over other confections.


liberalis

Affixed liberal + -is, from Dutch liberalist.


torsi

From Dutch torsie, from French torsion, from Late Latin torsio, from Latin torqueō (“twist, turn”).


debet

From Dutch debet, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).

(accounting, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of debit (“debit, receivable”)


miskal

Inherited from Malay miskal, from Arabic مِثْقَال (miṯqāl, “weight, unit of weight”).

der

mithqal, a unit of measure for weighing gold or silver, equivalent to around 4,2 grams.


blek

From Javanese blek, from Dutch blik (“tin can”). Cognate to Japanese ブリキ (buriki, “tinplate”).


kanon

Ultimately from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn). Doublet of kanun and qanun.
* For sense of land lease tax, via Arabic قَانُون (qānūn, “tax, law”).
* For sense in music and Christianity, via Dutch canon, from Old French canon, from Latin canōn.


kanon

(music) a piece of music in which the same melody is played by different voices, but beginning at different times; a round.

(Christianity, literature) the works of a writer that have been accepted as authentic.


kanon

From Dutch kanon, from Old French canon, from Italian cannone, from Latin canna, from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of kanal.


es krim

From Malay aiskrim borrowing English ice cream.
The es component is modified from Malay ais, which was loaned from English ice.


purina

Internationalism, inherited from Malay purina, from German Purin.

(organic chemistry) purine: Any of a class of organic heterocyclic compounds, composed of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, that constitute one of the two groups of organic nitrogenous bases (the other being the pyrimidines) and are components of nucleic acids.


DKP

ketahanan pangan
ketahanan pangan#Indonesian

Initialism of dinas ketahanan pangan (“department of food security”).

Initialism of dinas kelautan dan perikanan (“department of marine affair and fisheries”).


lokal

From Dutch lokaal, from Old French local, from Late Latin localis (“belonging to a place”), from Latin locus (“a place”).


perda

peraturan daerah
peraturan daerah#Indonesian


miring

From Malay miring.
* The sense of cursive or italic scripts are semantic loan from Chinese 斜體／斜体 (xiétǐ, “italics, slanting script”).


awal

Inherited from Malay awal, from Classical Malay awal (“early”), from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).


servis

From Dutch service, from French service, from Old French servise, borrowed from Latin servitium, from servus.

service
Act of being of assistance to someone.

(sports, tennis) Act of initially serving the ball.

service
Act of initially serving the ball.


agraria

From Latin āgrāria, Latin agrarius (“of the land”), ager (“field”) + -arius via Dutch agrarische Weg (Netherlands Indies Agrarian Law of 1870)


karateka

From Japanese 空手家 (からてか, karateka, “karate practitioner”).


atrofi

From Dutch atrofie, from Latin atrophia.


atletik

From Dutch atletiek, from German Athletik.

athletics, a group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country and racewalking.


anco

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦴ (anco, “long stem fishing net”).

bor+

a rectangular fishing net with a frame made of bamboo, used by immersing it in water and lifting it to the surface after it is filled with fish


atribut

From Dutch attribuut, from French attribut, from Latin attributum.

attribute,
a characteristic or quality of a thing.

(grammar) a word that qualifies a noun, a qualifier.

(archaeology) a characteristic or quality of an artifact.

(figurative) paraphernalia, miscellaneous items, especially the set of equipment required for a particular activity; stuff.


atlet

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch atleet, from Latin āthlēta, from Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētḗs).

athlete, a person who actively participates in physical sports, esp. one highly skilled in sports.


wortel

From Dutch wortel (“carrot”, literally “root”), from Middle Dutch wortele, from Old Dutch *wurtala, from Proto-Germanic *wurt- (“root”) + *waluz (“stick”), formed from the Proto-Indo-European roots *wréh₂ds + *welH-.

bor

carrot, (a vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, especially the subspecies sativus in the family Apiaceae)


makan malam

makan (“to eat”) + malam (“evening”), literally “to eat at evening”. Probably calque of Dutch maaltijd (literally “evening meal”).


plasebo

(medicine, pharmacology) placebo, a dummy medicine containing no active ingredients; an inert treatment.


ambulatori

From English ambulatory, from Latin ambulatorius.


epos

Borrowed from Dutch epos, from Latin epos, from Ancient Greek ἔπος (épos).

(literature) epic: an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a deity, demigod (heroic epic), other legend or traditional hero.


sudi

From Minangkabau sudi, from Sanskrit शुद्धि (śuddhi).


grup

From Dutch groep, from French groupe, from Italian gruppo, groppo (“a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)”), from Vulgar Latin *cruppo, Renaissance Latin grupus, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“lump, round mass, body, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to crumple, bend, crawl”).

der

group: a number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.


arkeologi

From Dutch archeologie, from Latin archaeologia, from Ancient Greek ἀρχαιολογία (arkhaiología) as ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “primal, old, ancient”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, oration, study”).


granit

From Dutch graniet (“granite”), from French granit (“granite”), from Italian granito (“granite”), from granire (“to granulate”), from grano (“grain”), from Latin grānum (“grain”).

(petrology) granite: a group of igneous and plutonic rocks composed primarily of feldspar and quartz.


AK

an AK-47, AK-74, or related assault rifle (Avtomat Kalasnikova or Kalashnikov)


Panchen Lama

id-noun

Panchen Lama (plural Panchen-Panchen Lama)


ideologi

idéologi (canonical)
ideologi-ideologi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ideologie, from French idéologie.


ekonom

Borrowed from Dutch econoom, from Latin oeconomus.

an expert in economics, especially one who studies economic data and extracts higher-level information or proposes theories

economist
one concerned with political economy


sistem

sistém (canonical)
sistem-sistem (plural)

From Dutch systeem, from Late Latin systēma, from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “organised whole, body”).

der

a collection of organized things; a whole composed of relationships among its members.

a method or way of organizing or planning.


eutanasia

éutanasia (canonical)
eutanasia-eutanasia (plural)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin euthanasia, from Ancient Greek εὐθανασία (euthanasía), of εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + θάνατος (thánatos, “death”).

euthanasia: the practice of intentionally and painlessly killing a human being or animal for humane reasons, especially in order to end great suffering or poor quality of life.


harmoni

From Dutch harmonie, from Middle Dutch harmonia, armonie, from Old French harmonie, from Latin harmonia, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía).

(music) process by which individual sounds are joined or composed into whole units or compositions.


ekologi

From Dutch ecologie, from German Ökologie (coined by Ernst Haeckel), from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

compound

ecology, the branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other.


halu

(slang) apocopic form of halusinasi (“hallucination; delusion”)


biologi

Borrowed from Dutch biologie, from German Biologie, from Ancient Greek βιολογία (biología).


farmakologi

(medicine) The science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.

(medicine) The properties and reactions of drugs especially with relation to their therapeutic value.


antropolog

anthropologist, one who is versed in anthropology.


tipu

trick (something that's used to fool or swindle)


adenovirus

Internationalism, borrowed from English adenovirus.


positif

From Dutch positief, from French positif, from Latin positivus.

(photography) positive, a positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, as opposed to a negative.


agronomi

Borrowed from Dutch agronomie, from French agronomie, from Ancient Greek ἀγρός (agrós, “field”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”).


RKA

(finance) Initialism of rencana kerja anggaran (“work plan and budget”).


toge

From Javanese toge (ꦠꦺꦴꦒꦺ, “bean sprout”), from Hokkien 豆芽 (tāu-gê, “bean sprout”). Cognate of Tagalog toge.

alternative spelling of taoge (“bean sprout”).


banteng

bantèng (canonical)
banteng-banteng (plural)

From Malay banting, banteng (Standard Malay banting), from Classical Malay بنتيڠ (banting), بنتيڠ (banteng).


sampo

From Dutch shampoo, from English shampoo, from Hindi चाँपो (cā̃po), चाँपना (cā̃pnā, “to press; to shampoo”). For retention of old -o- instead of *-u- from English -oo-, compare iglo (from Dutch iglo).


dangdut

Altered from dang-ding-dut.
Coined by Tempo (Indonesian magazine).

(music) dangdut, a genre of Indonesian music that combines elements of Arab and Malay folk music.


ekosistem

ékosistêm (canonical)
ekosistem-ekosistem (plural)

Affixed eko- + sistem, from Dutch ecosysteem, from English ecosystem.

(biology, ecology, sciences) a system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.

(business, marketing) a set of interconnected products and services.


fonem

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch foneem, from French phonème, from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, literally “sound made”, “utterance”; “thing spoken”, “speech”, “language”).


akustika

Via some European language, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), from Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”).


kompilator

From Dutch compilator, from Latin compīlātor, from compīlō + tor.


klor

From Dutch chloor, from French chlore, from English chlorine, from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós).


ochlocratie

Alternative spelling of oklokrasi (“ochlocracy, mobocracy”)


anafora

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ (ănăphorā́).

lbor

(rhetoric) the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis.

(linguistics) an expression that can refer to virtually any referent, the specific referent being defined by context; An expression that refers to a preceding expression.

(Christianity) the most solemn part of the Divine Liturgy or the Mass during which the offerings of bread and wine are consecrated as body and blood of Christ.


sajam

Acronym of senjata tajam (“sharp weapon; edged weapon”).


embrio

èmbrio (canonical)
embrio-embrio (plural)

From Dutch embryo, from New Latin embryo, from Ancient Greek ἔμβρυον (émbruon, “fetus”).

der

(biology) In the reproductive cycle, the stage after the fertilization of the egg that precedes the development into a fetus.

(botany) A rudimentary plant contained in the seed.

The beginning; the first stage of anything.


binaragawan

bodybuilder (a person who uses diet and exercise to build an aesthetically muscular physique, in order to compete in bodybuilding)


binaraga

From bina (“to build”) + raga (“body”), calque of English bodybuilding.


otot

From Malay otot, from Classical Malay اوتوت (otot), from Javanese ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (otot), from Old Javanese ot-ot, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat uʀat, reduplication of *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of urat.
* The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English muscle (or rather Dutch spier (“muscle”)).


hio

From Hokkien, specifically Zhangzhou Hokkien 香 (hioⁿ, “joss stick; incense”).

bor

(Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism) joss stick; incense

Taoism; Confucianism; Taoism; Confucianism


mudra

(Hinduism) Any of the formal body positions and postures used in yoga and meditation.


hortikultura

(Standard Malay)


agresor

From Dutch aggressor, from Latin aggressor (“attacker, assailant, aggressor”).


akronim

From Dutch acroniem, from Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “extremity”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


akumulator

Borrowed from Dutch accumulator, from Latin accumulātor, agent noun of accumulō (“pile up”).

(Standard Malay)

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) a wet-cell storage battery.

(engineering) a container which stores hydraulic power for release, in the form of a pressurized fluid (often suspended within a larger tank of fluid under pressure).


agregat

From Dutch aggregaat, from Latin aggregātus.

a mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole.

(geology) solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.

(sports) the total score in a set of games between teams or competitors, usually the combination of the home and away scores.

engine-generator, engine-generator set, or a gen-set: the combination of an electrical generator and an engine (prime mover) mounted together to form a single piece of equipment.


retorika

rétorika (canonical)
retorika-retorika (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch retorica, from Latin rhētorica, from Ancient Greek ῥητορική (rhētorikḗ), feminine form of ῥητορικός (rhētorikós, “concerning public speech”), from ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “public speaker”).

The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.

Meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress.


antena

antèna (canonical)
antena-antena (plural)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin antenna.

an apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.

(zoology) a feeler organ on the head of an insect, crab, or other animal.


optika

Borrowed from Dutch optica (“optics”), from Latin optica, from Ancient Greek ὀπτική (optikḗ, “optics”).


koki

From Dutch kokje, diminutive of kok (“cook, chef”), from Middle Dutch coc, from Latin coquus.


ampula

Learned borrowing from Latin ampulla. Doublet of ampul.

(anatomy, biology, zoology) the dilated end of a duct.

ampulla,
(botany) the spongiole of a root.


akrobat

From Dutch acrobaat, from French acrobate or German Akrobat, from Ancient Greek ἀκροβάτης (akrobátēs).

acrobatics: the art of performing acrobatic gymnastic feats.


balon

From Dutch ballon. Cognate with Malay belon.


balon

id-noun

balon (plural balon-balon or para balon)

balon-balon (plural)
para balon (plural)

(dialectal or obsolete) Synonym of pelacur (“whore”)


balon

Acronym of bakal calon (“prospective candidate, aspirant”).


azuki

Vigna angularis
Vigna angularis#Translingual


arak

From Malay arak, from Classical Malay ارق (arak), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

arrack; an alcoholic beverage usually made from fermenting rice; rice wine


pulut

From Malay pulut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulut. Cognate of Tagalog pulot.


ransel

ransêl (canonical)
ransel-ransel (plural)

From Dutch ransel, from German Ränzel. Cognate with Afrikaans ransel, Japanese ランドセル (randoseru).


alpaka

From Dutch alpaca, from Spanish alpaca, from Aymara allpaqa.

a sheep-like animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña.


alpaka

Unknown, possibly Sanskrit अल्पक (alpaka, “small, minute”).


panas

From Malay panas, from Proto-Malayic *panas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panas.


kolektor

kolèktor (canonical)
kolektor-kolektor (plural)

From Dutch collecteur, from French collecteur.

A person who or thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection.

A person who is employed to collect payments.

(rail transport) A current collector on an electric train or locomotive which is in contact with the live rail.

(Standard Malay)

(electronics) The amplified terminal on a bipolar junction transistor.


korona

From English corona, from Latin corōna (“garland, crown”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “garland, wreath”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of keron.

(astronomy) the luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star, extending millions of kilometres into space, most easily seen during a total solar eclipse.

(colloquial) coronavirus, coronavirus disease

corona,
coronavirus, coronavirus disease


arsen

From Dutch arseen, from German Arsen, from Latin arsenicum, from Ancient Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón) (influenced by ἀρσενικός (arsenikós)), from Semitic, from Middle Persian [script needed] (zarnīk), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zaraniia, “gold”), from 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬌 (zari), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃i.


kobalt

Borrowed from Dutch Kobalt, from German Kobalt.


elektron

From Dutch elektron, electron, from English electron.

(physics) electron: The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.


partus

Learned borrowing from Latin partus (“birth, delivery”).

lbor

(obstetrics) childbirth, parturition: The fact or action of giving birth to a child, as the culmination of pregnancy.


marmelade

From Dutch marmelade, from French marmelade (“jam, preserve”), from Middle French marmelade, from Galician or Portuguese marmelada (“jam, preserve”), from marmelo.


raksi

From Malay raksi, from Pali rasa, from Sanskrit रस (rasa). Doublet of raksa, rasa, and resi.


antraks

From Dutch antrax, from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, literally “charcoal”).


autokrat

Prefixed auto- + *krat, from Dutch autocraat (“autocrat”), from French autocrate, from Ancient Greek αὐτοκρατής (autokratḗs).


etanol

(chemistry) ethanol: a simple aliphatic alcohol formally derived from ethane by replacing one hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group: CH₃-CH₂-OH.


hobi

Melukis itu sebagai hobi saja, bukan sebagai mata pencahariannya

Painting is just their hobby, not their livelihood.


kupe

From Dutch coupé (“coupé”), from French coupé (an elliptical form of carosse coupé (“cut carriage”)), the past participle of couper (“to cut”). Doublet of kup.

coupé: the front compartment of a railway carriage.


pompa

From Dutch pompe, pompen. Doublet of bomba.

pump, a device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas.


kapela

Learned borrowing from Latin cappella. Doublet of kapel

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) Alternative spelling of kapel (“chapel”)


struma

(pathology) goiter, goitre: an enlargement of the front and sides of the neck caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland.


anonim

From Dutch anoniem, from French anonyme, from Latin anōnymus, from Ancient Greek ἀνώνυμος (anṓnumos).


arca

From Malay arca, from Sanskrit अर्चा (arcā, “worship, idol”).

idol, a graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power.


donator

Alternative spelling of donatur (“donor”).


dasawarsa

decennium, decade (a period of ten years)


mesjid

mêsjid (canonical)
mesjid-mesjid (plural)

/məsˈd͡ʒɪt̚/

alternative spelling of masjid (“mosque”)


biola

From Malay biola, from Portuguese viola, from Old Galician-Portuguese viola, from Old Occitan viola, from Medieval Latin vitula, from Vitula, Roman goddess of joy and victory.

(music) violin: A musical four-string instrument, generally played with a bow or by plucking the string, with the pitch set by pressing the strings at the appropriate place with the fingers; also any instrument of the violin family.


gereja

gêrèja (canonical)
gereja-gereja (plural)

From Malay gereja. Borrowed from Portuguese igreja, from Old Galician-Portuguese igreja, from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “congregation”).

A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place.

A particular denomination of Christianity.


teorema

téorèma (canonical)
teorema-teorema (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch theorema, from Latin theōrēma, from Ancient Greek θεώρημα (theṓrēma).


lusin

→ Min Nan: 勞申 /劳申 (lô͘-sin)

From Dutch dozijn (“dozen”), from Middle Dutch dosine, from Old French douzaine as douze (“twelve”).


vakum

From Dutch vacuüm, from Latin vacuum (“an empty space, void”), noun use of neuter of vacuus (“empty”), related to vacare (“be empty”).

vacuum: a region of space that contains no matter.


kokon

From Dutch cocon, from French cocon, from Occitan coucoun (“cocoon”), derived from coco (“shell”).

cocoon, pupa: the silky protective case spun by the larvae of some insects in which they metamorphose.


maksi

(colloquial) short for makan siang (“lunch”).


protokol

From Dutch protocol, from Middle Dutch protocol, from Late Latin protocollum (“the first sheet of a volume (on which contents and errata were written)”), from Byzantine Greek πρωτόκολλον (prōtókollon, “first sheet glued onto a manuscript”), from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

rule, guideline etc which guides diplomatic behaviour.

(colloquial) a set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network.

master of ceremonies
master of ceremonies#English


tiket

From English ticket, from Middle English ticket, from Old French etiquet m, *estiquet m, and etiquette f, estiquette f (“a bill, note, label, ticket”), from Old French estechier, estichier, estequier (“to attach, stick”), (compare Picard estiquier (“to stick, pierce”)), from Frankish *stikkan, *stikjan (“to stick, pierce, sting”), from Proto-Germanic *stikaną, *stikōną, *staikijaną (“to be sharp, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab”). Doublet of etiket.

A pass entitling the holder to admission to a show, concert, etc.

A pass entitling the holder to board a train, a bus, a plane, or other means of transportation.

Tiket untuk keduanya biasanya dapat dibeli di mesin-mesin otomatis.

Both tickets can be bought at the automatic machines.


komentar

komèntar (canonical)
komentar-komentar (plural)

→ Malay: koméntar

Borrowed from Dutch commentaar, from German Kommentar, from Latin commentārius (“notebook”) (compare Malay komen).

mengomentari [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kongres

From earlier konggres, from Dutch congres, from Latin congressum.

large consultative and/or legislative body.

congress,
formal meeting, gathering or assembly.


remi

rummy: a draw and discard card game with many rule variants, conceptually similar to mahjong.


sablon

From Dutch sjabloon, from German Schablone, from Middle Dutch schampelioen, from French échantillon (“sample, extract”), from Old French eschantiller, from Latin scandere (“to clim, ascend”).


can-can

Unadapted borrowing from French cancan (“cancan dance”).

ubor

(dance) cancan: a high-kicking chorus line dance originating in France.


termometer

From Dutch thermometer, from French thermomètre, from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “hot”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

compound

thermometer: an apparatus used to measure temperature.


babat

From Javanese ꦧꦧꦠ꧀ (babat), from Old Javanese babat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babat (“animal belly”). Compare to Maranao babat, Sundanese ᮘᮘᮒ᮪ (babat).

der

Berapaan soto babatnya? (colloquial)
How much does the tripe soto cost?


babat

From Minangkabau [Term?]. Doublet of bebat.


taun

Inherited from Malay taun, from Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn).

Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn)


karisma

From Dutch charisma, from Latin, from Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (khắrĭsmă, “grace, favour, gift”), from χᾰρῐ́ζομαι (khărĭ́zomai, “I show favor”), from χᾰ́ρῐς (khắrĭs, “grace”), from χαίρω (khaírō, “I am happy”).

(Christianity) an extraordinary power granted by the Holy Spirit.


genetika

From Dutch genetica, from English genetics.

The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.

The genetic makeup of a specific individual or species.


katsu

Borrowed from Japanese カツ (katsu, “cutlet”), shortening of カツレツ (katsuretsu), itself from English cutlet.

bor+

(cooking) katsu: Panko breaded and deep-fried Japanese food.


chef d'oeuvre

id-noun

chef d'oeuvre (plural chef-chef d'oeuvre)

Unadapted borrowing from French chef-d’œuvre (“chef d'œuvre, masterpiece”)


stasi

Borrowed from Dutch statie (“station”) (compare Afrikaans stasie (“station”)), from French station, from Old French estation, estacion, from Latin stātiō, stātiōnem. Doublet of stasiun and stase. Cognate of Afrikaans stasie (“station”).

(Catholicism) administration division in a parish.


sirene

From Dutch sirene, from Middle Dutch sirena, serene, from Old French sereine, from Late Latin sirēna, Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn).

siren, a device, either mechanical or electronic, that makes a piercingly loud sound as an alarm or signal, or the sound from such a device.


nonsens

(colloquial) nonsense, meaningless words.


bestek

bèstèk (canonical)
bestek-bestek (plural)

contractor’s specifications, plan, design.


spalk

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch spalk (“splint”), from Middle Dutch spalke.

pasang spalk (bidai)

splint (supportive and immobilising device)


promotor

From Dutch promotor, from Latin promotor.

(education) promotor: a full professor of a university who acts as the principal supervisor of a student's doctoral research.

promoter: one who promotes, particularly with respect to entertainment events or goods.


romo

From Javanese rama (“father”), from Old Javanese rāma (“father”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *amax (“father”), from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”). Semantic loan from Portuguese padre (“priest”, literally “father”).


arja

From Balinese ᬅᬃᬚ (arja), probably from Sanskrit ऋज् (ṛj). Cognate of Old Javanese arjya, arja, rĕja (“good, beautiful, fortunate”).

cog

(drama) a Balinese dramatic performance, but often only a dance.


karakter

From Dutch karakter, from Middle Dutch caracter, from Middle French caractère, from Old French caractere, from Latin character, from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr).

a person's psychological characteristics; especially guts, backbone; quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or conduct with respect to a certain office or duty.

(computing, mathematics) a written or printed symbol, or letter.

character:
a written or printed symbol, or letter.

(computing) one of the basic elements making up a text file or string: a code representing a printing character or a control character.


absente

absence: failure to be present where one is expected, wanted, or needed; nonattendance; deficiency. (in school, work and others)

a person who is absent from his or her employment, school, post, duty, etc.

a landholder who lives in another district or country than the one in which his estate is situated.


studen

From English student, from Middle English student, studient, from Old French estudiant, estudiente, from Latin studēns, present participle of studeō (“dedicate oneself to, study”).

(colloquial) student at tertiary education institution.


gladi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒ꧀ꦭꦝꦶ (gladhi, “drill, training; rehearsal”).


sosialisme

Affixed sosial + -isme, from Dutch socialisme, from French socialisme.


analogi

From Dutch analogie, from French analogie, from Latin analogia, from Ancient Greek [Term?].


metamorfosis

Learned borrowing from Latin metamorphōsis, from Ancient Greek μεταμόρφωσις (metamórphōsis), from μεταμορφόω (metamorphóō, “to transform, change, disguise”), from μετά (metá, “concerning change”) + μορφόω (morphóō, “to form”). The form displaced earlier loanword metamorfosa, borrowed from Dutch metamorfose.

der

μεταμόρφωσις

A transformation, such as one performed by magic.

A noticeable change in character, appearance, function or condition.

(biology) A change in the form and often habits of an animal after the embryonic stage during normal development.

(pathology) A change in the structure of a specific body tissue.


imperialisme

Affixed imperial + -isme, from Dutch imperialisme, from French impérialisme.

(politics) imperialism: The policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.


katil

From Malay katil, from Tamil கட்டில் (kaṭṭil), from Sanskrit खट्वा (khaṭvā).


peron

Borrowed from Dutch perron, from German Perron, from French perron, from Old French pierre, from Latin petra, from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).

(rail transport) platform (structure for waiting for a train)


akor

From Dutch akkoord, from Middle Dutch accoort, from Old French acorder (Modern French accord), from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, ultimately from Latin cor (“heart”). Doublet of accoord and akur.

(music) chord: a harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.

(nonstandard) alternative spelling of akur


antri

From Dutch aantreden. The vowel shift to i may be due to folk-etymological association with santri.


gerbong

coach (railroad car drawn by a locomotive)


suksini

(rare) Nonstandard form of zukini (“courgette”).


air putih

Compound of air (“water”) + putih (“pure”, literally “white”), literally “white water”.

compound

drinking water, potable water: water that is suitable or intended for ingestion by humans.


kelambatan

(uncountable) The quality or state of being slow.

slowness
The quality or state of being slow.

(countable, physics) A unit, the reciprocal of velocity, that delineates the amount of time required for an object to travel a given distance.


rempah-rempah

From Malay rempah-rempah, rempah rempah, from Classical Malay rempah-rempah, rebah rempah, rebah-rempah, rempah2, from Old Malay rempah-rempah, rebah rempah, equivalent to reduplication of rempah.


selai

selai nanas

jam, sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar.


kehilangan

From Malay kehilangan,
from Classical Malay kehilangan. Equivalent to
hilang + ke- -an.


maaf

From Malay maaf, from Classical Malay maaf, ma'af, from Arabic مُعَاف (muʕāf, “exempt (from taxation)”).


timun

From Malay timun, from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatimun.


lingkaran

* Affixed form of lingkar + -an
* Semantic loan from Dutch kring (literally “circle”).

sl

(geometry) a two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center).

circle:
a territorial division or district.


garam

→ Indonesian Bajau: garam

From Malay garam, from Classical Malay garam (“table salt”), from Proto-Malayic *garəm (“grain”). The chemistry sense is a semantic loan from Dutch zout (“salt”).

a common substance, chemically consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl), used extensively as a condiment and preservative.

(chemistry) one of the compounds formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, where a positive ion replaces a hydrogen of the acid.

(cooking) short for garam dapur (“table salt”).


garuda

From Javanese ꦒꦫꦸꦣ (garudha, “eagle”), from Old Javanese garuḍa, from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa).

Nisaetus bartelsi
Nisaetus bartelsi#Translingual

Garuda Pancasila
Garuda Pancasila#Indonesian

garuda: A large mythical bird or bird-like creature that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Garuda is the son of Vinata. The bird is represented as an eagle, especially as elang Jawa or Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi).

(colloquial) The Indonesian official coat of arms, Garuda Pancasila.

(colloquial) The Indonesian national airline, Garuda Indonesia.


porok

Borrowed from Javanese porok (ꦥꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦏ꧀, “fork”), from Dutch vork, from Middle Dutch vorke, from Old Dutch furka, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca.


kata benda

Compound of kata (“word”) + benda (“thing”), calque of Dutch dingwoord (“noun, substantive”, literally “thing word”).


konser

konsèr (canonical)
konser-konser (plural)

From Dutch concert, from French concert, from Italian concerto.


korek

ellipsis of korek api (“match (device to make fire)”).


pseudonim

Borrowed from Dutch pseudoniem (“pseudonym”).


suami

From Malay suami, from Old Malay [script needed] (svāmi), from Sanskrit स्वामी (svāmī), singular nominative of स्वामिन् (svāmín). Doublet of sami.

Coordinate term: istri

bersuami

to be married (feminine), to have a husband

mempersuamikan

to make someone becomes someone's husband


istri

From Malay istri, isteri, from Classical Malay istri, isteri, from Sanskrit स्त्री (strī́).


peler

(slang, extremely vulgar) cock, dick, prick, schlong (the penis)


biwa

From Japanese 琵琶湖 (biwa, “Lake Biwa”), referring to where the pearls are first cultured.

Cultured freshwater pearls
Cultured freshwater pearls

Cultured freshwater pearls, especially referring to the flat type of biwa pearls.


amput

From Malay amput, from Classical Malay امڤوت (amput), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puət.


amput

snack of roasted soybean mixed with finely ground sugar.


aritmetika

Borrowed from Dutch aritmetica, from Old French arismetique, from Latin arithmetica, from Ancient Greek ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) (arithmētikḗ (tékhnē), “(art of) counting”), feminine of ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós, “arithmetical”), from ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, form of *h₂rey- (“to count, reason”).

der

ἀριθμητική (τέχνη)


Sarekat Islam

Literally 'Islamic trade organisation', but the organisation had no religious intentions. Founded in 1912.


tempo doeloe

Superseded spelling of tempo dulu (“time of old, olden days”). (pre-1947)


astenia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀσθένεια (asthéneia), from ἀσθενής (asthenḗs, “sick, weak”), from ἀ- (a-, “not, un-”) + σθένος (sthénos, “strength”).

lbor

(pathology) asthenia, weakness: loss of strength.


bardi

Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus#Translingual


kacoa

Alternative spelling of kecoak (“cockroach”)


ambach

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of ambah (“handicraft”)


biosak

rucksack, pouch on a stick carried over the shoulder


kecoak

From Betawi kecoak, from Hokkien 虼蚻 (ka-choa̍h, ka-chōa, “cockroach”). Cognate of Thai กะจั๊ว (gà-júua, “cockroach”).


anemer

anémêr (canonical)
anemer-anemer (plural)

(now rare) building or construction contractor


arloji

Borrowed from Dutch horloge, from Middle Dutch orlogie, from Latin hōrologium.


ajudan

From Malay ajudan, from Dutch adjudant, from French adjudant.


TU

Initialism of tata usaha (“administration”).


aneksasi

anèksasi (canonical)
aneksasi-aneksasi (plural)

From Dutch annexatie, from English annexation, from Latin annexātiō.


adopsi

From Dutch adoptie, from Middle French adoption, from Latin adoptiō.

acceptance: the choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so.

the state of being adopted; the acceptance of a child of other parents as if he or she were one's own child.


amendemen

amèndêmèn (canonical)
amendemen-amendemen (plural)

From Dutch amendement, from French amendement, from Middle French amendement, from Old French [Term?].

(law) an addition to and/or alteration to the Constitution.


perhiasan

Inherited from Malay perhiasan. Equivalent to hias + per- -an.


bordir

From Dutch borduur, from Middle Dutch bordure, from Old French bordure.


amtenar

amtênar (canonical)
amtenar-amtenar (plural)

From Malay amtenar, from Premodern Malay amtenar, from Dutch ambtenaar.


delegasi

délêgasi (canonical)
delegasi-delegasi (plural)

From Dutch delegatie, from French délégation, from Latin delegatio, delegationis, delego.

a group of delegates used to discuss issues with an opponent.

(management, trading) an act of delegating.


administrasi

→ Malay: administrasi

From Dutch administratie (“administration”), from Middle Dutch administracie, from Old French administration, from Latin administratio.

Berkaitan dengan masalah dalam reformasi administrasi, Indonesia juga mengalami hal yang sama.

2007, Lalu Misbah Hidayat, Reformasi administrasi: kajian komparatif pemerintahan tiga presiden : Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati Soekarnoputri, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, →ISBN, page 15:

Regarding the issues within administation reforms, Indonesia too experiences the same issues.


bandel

bandêl (canonical)
bandel-bandel (plural)

nonstandard spelling of bundel (“bundle”).


engsel

hinge (device for the pivoting of a door)


ketjap

Superseded spelling of kecap. (before 1967)


bagase

From English bagasse, from French bagasse, from Spanish bagazo, from baga (“berry”).


departemen

dêpartêmèn (canonical)
departemen-departemen (plural)

→ Tetum: departemén

From Dutch departement, from French département, from Old French département. During Japanese occupation period, the term was used as translation of Japanese 部(ぶ) (bu, “department”).

(government) one of the principal divisions of executive government.

(education) one of the divisions of instructions in a university.

(government) bureau (in state affairs) an administrative unit of government.

(Standard Malay)

(education) school: within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area.


andil

From Dutch aandeel (“contribution, stock”, literally “on part”), from Middle Dutch andeel.


bengkel

From Dutch winkel, from Middle Dutch winkel (“corner”), from Old Dutch winkel, from Proto-Germanic *winkilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bend, bow, arch, curve”).


blokade

block, blockade: something that prevents something from passing.


lilin

From Malay lilin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lilin.


baterai

batêrai (canonical)
baterai-baterai (plural)

From Dutch batterij, from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie.

battery: a device used to power electric devices.


baterai

battery:
(military) tactical artillery unit.

a set of small cages where hens are kept for the purpose of farming their eggs.


distrik

From Dutch district, from Middle Dutch district, from Middle French district, from Medieval Latin districtus (“a district within which the lord may distrain, also jurisdiction”), from Latin districtus, past participle of distringō, distringere (“draw asunder, compel, distrain”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringō, stringere (“draw tight, strain”).

district: an administrative division of an area.

(Papuan) a third level administrative division (previously Dutch onderdistrict (“subdistrict”), in Dutch East Indies period) in Papua and West Papua only.

(Dutch East Indies, historical) a native level administrative division in Java, below Dutch regentschap (“regency”) or Indonesian kabupaten and above Dutch onderdistrict (“subdistrict”) or Indonesian kecamatan, headed by a wedana.


bigami

From Dutch bigamie, from French bigamie.


bioskop

From Dutch bioscoop (“cinema”), from French bioscope and/or German Bioscop (now spelt Bioskop).


bangku

From Malay bangku, from Classical Malay بڠکو (bangku), a borrowing from Portuguese banco, from Italian banco, from Old High German bank, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz. Doublet of bank.


berlian

Inherited from Malay berlian, from English brilliant, from French brillant (late 17th century), present participle of the verb briller, from Italian brillare, possibly from Latin berillus, beryllus (“a beryl, gem, eyeglass”), from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”). Doublet of brilian.

a glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron; a gemstone made from this mineral.

(in extension, card games) diamond: a card of the diamonds suit.

diamond:
diamond: a card of the diamonds suit.


asuransi

→ Malay: asuransi

Borrowed from Dutch assurantie, from Middle Dutch asseurancie, from Old French asseurance.

(insurance) a means of indemnity against a future occurrence of an uncertain event.

insurance:
the business of providing insurance.

(Standard Malay)

(colloquial) premium, the amount to be paid for an insurance policy.

(colloquial) indemnity, the repayment or compensation for loss or injury.


amnesti

amnèsti (canonical)
amnesti-amnesti (plural)

From Dutch amnestie, from Middle French amnestie, from Latin amnēstia, from Ancient Greek ἀμνηστία (amnēstía).


cokelat

cokêlat (canonical)
cokelat-cokelat (plural)

From dialectal Dutch (Standard Dutch chocolade, archaic form chocolaad), from Spanish chocolate, ultimately of Nahuatl origin (compare Malay coklat). The current pronunciation is influenced by English chocolate (see Malay coklat), or the second -o- of chocolade is dropped.

sebatang cokelat

(countable) chocolate (food made from ground roasted cocoa beans)

cokelat:

rambut berwarna cokelat


aksi

→ Malay: aksi

Borrowed from Dutch actie (compare Afrikaans aksie), from Latin āctiō.

something done, often so as to accomplish a purpose.

a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings).


soto

From ellipsis of Hokkien 牛草肚 (gû-chháu-tō͘, “beef tripe; rumen”). Compare Tagalog goto.

bor

(cooking) a kind of soup, whose taste depends on the ingredients of the whole dish.


biskop

Borrowed from Dutch bisschop (“bishop”), from Middle Dutch bischop, from Old Dutch biskop, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos). Doublet of uskup.

(Christianity, Catholicism, informal) synonym of uskup


doa

From Malay doa, from Classical Malay doa (“prayer”), from Arabic دُعَاء (duʕāʔ, “invocation, supplication”).


surah

From Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

(Islam) sura: any of the 114 chapters of the Qur'an.


ciumku

first-person singular possessive of cium


proklamasi

From Dutch proclamatie, from Latin proclamatio, from proclamare.


kewarganegaraan

kêwarganêgaraan (canonical)
kewarganegaraan-kewarganegaraan (plural)

Affixed warga negara + ke- -an, replaced kewargaan negara, from Malay kewarganegaraan.


lereng

Inherited from Malay lereng (“slope”). Semantic loan from Javanese ꦭꦺꦫꦺꦁ (lèrèng) for the sense of diagonal stripe pattern.


pekerjaan

pêkêrjaan (canonical)
pekerjaan-pekerjaan (plural)

From Malay pekerjaan, from Classical Malay pekerjaan. Equivalent to kerja + per- -an or kerja + pe- -an.

labour, occupation, job: an economic role for which a person is paid.

something produced using the specified material or tool.


simit

Borrowed from Turkish simit, from Ottoman Turkish سمید (simit), from Persian سمید (semid, “semolina”), from Arabic سَمِيد (samīd, “semolina”), from Aramaic סְמִידָא / ܣܡܻܝܕܳܐ (səmīḏā), from Akkadian 𒆠𒅔𒆠𒅔𒄯𒄯 (/samīdu/, “a type of fine groats, coarse flour, semolina”), related to Akkadian 𒀀𒊏𒄯𒄯 (/samādu/, “to grind fine”).

der

Aramaic סְמִידָא

(cooking) simit: A ring-shaped bread roll covered with sesame seeds.


sayang

From Malay sayang (“love; it were a pity; alas that”),
* from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sayaŋ (“too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame!”).
* from New/Middle Indo-Aryan (such as Punjabi [script needed] (sāīyā̃, “master”) and Nepali [script needed] (saiyā̃, “master”)), from Sanskrit स्वामी (svāmī), singular nominative of स्वामिन् (svāmín). Therefore, doublet of suami.

cog

love (a profound and caring affection towards someone)

An affectionate term of address: darling

A term of endearment used to refer to or address one's girlfriend, boyfriend or spouse: baby


deler

From Dutch edele (“noble”) + heer (“lord”).

(archaic) Used in direct address to member of Volksraad.


vaksinasi

From Dutch vaccinatie, from French vaccination.


anak laki-laki

From Malay anak laki-laki, from Classical Malay انق لاكي-لاكي (anak laki-laki), انق لاكي٢ (anak laki2). Equivalent to anak + laki-laki.

inh

انق لاكي-لاكي


serangan jantung

id-noun

serangan jantung (plural serangan-serangan jantung)

Compound of serangan (“attack”) + jantung (“heart”), calque of Dutch hartaanval (“heart attack”).

calque

(cardiology, emergency medicine, pathology) heart attack


jantung

From Malay jantung, from Classical Malay جنتوڠ (jantung), from Proto-Malayic *jantuŋ.


modul

From English module, from French module, from Latin modulus (“a small measure, a measure, mode, meter”), diminutive of modus (“measure”). Doublet of mode, modern, and modus.


bombas

From Dutch bombast, from English bombast.

bombast: high-sounding words; language above the dignity of the occasion; a pompous or ostentatious manner of writing or speaking


kuartal

From Dutch kwartaal (“quarter”), from Medieval Latin quārtāle.

quarter, trimester: A fourth part of the year; 3 months (period of three months).


neraka

From Malay neraka, from Sanskrit नरक (naraka).

In various religions, a place of torment where some or all evil spirits are believed to go after death.

The place where sinners suffer after death.

(figuratively) A place or situation of great suffering in life.


huruf

From Malay huruf, from Arabic حُرُوف (ḥurūf) plural of حَرْف (ḥarf).

Coordinate term: angka

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.


ayam kalkun

From ayam (“bird of the order Galliformes”) + kalkun (“turkey”).

compound

Pada kesempatan ini dipamerkan beberapa satwa antara lain ayam kalkun, ayam pelung, dan aneka jenis burung.

2017 December 4, Amelia Hapsari, “Puspa dan Satwa Jadi Modal Pembangunan [Flowers and Animals as Capital for Development]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-10-24:

On this occasion, several animals were exhibited including the turkey, the pelung chicken, and various other birds.

Berawal dari hobi memelihara ayam kalkun, Hendri tertarik membudidaya ayam hias.

2019 February 14, Supriyanto, “Meraup Keuntungan dari Hobi Budidaya Ayam Hias [Gaining Profit from Hobby of Cultivating Ornamental Chickens]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-10-24:

Starting from a hobby of raising turkeys, Hendri became attracted to the cultivation of ornamental chickens.

(informal) Synonym of kalkun (“turkey (bird)”)


oranye

oranyê (canonical)
oranye-oranye (plural)

From Dutch oranje, from Middle Dutch arance, orange, from Old French orenge, arange, from Latin arancia, from Old Spanish naranja, from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Classical Persian نارنگ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga), from Dravidian.


hijau

From Malay hijau, from Classical Malay hijau, from Proto-Malayic *hijaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qizaw. The sense “inexperienced” is a semantic loan from Dutch groentje. The sense “environmentally friendly” is a semantic loan from English green.


kelam

From English clamp, from Middle Dutch clamp, klampe (“a clamp, hook”), from Proto-Germanic *klampō (“clamp, clasp, cramp”). Doublet of klem.


pokok

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

From Malay pokok, from Classical Malay pokok.

base, essential, principal, basic, fundamental


odol

A genericized trademark of the German trademark Odol, from Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn) + Latin oleum.


proporsi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch proportie, from Old French proportion, from Latin prōportiōnem.

a quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number; the relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity, or degree.

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) a statement of equality between two ratios.


bintang

From Malay bintang, from Proto-Malayic *bintaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituqən (compare Tagalog bituin), from Proto-Austronesian *bituqən.

(astronomy) A luminous celestial body, made up of plasma (particularly hydrogen and helium) and having a spherical shape. Depending on context the sun may or may not be included.

(astrology) A planet supposed to influence one's destiny.

A star-shaped ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honour.

An exceptionally talented or famous person, often in a specific field; a celebrity.


bintang

From Semantic loan from Dutch sterretje.


bintang

star,
(acting) An actor in a leading role.

A symbol used to rate hotels, films, etc. with a higher number of stars denoting better quality.


lengan

lêngan (canonical)
lengan-lengan (plural)

From Malay lengan, from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *leŋen, from Proto-Austronesian [Term?].


tembaga

Inherited from Malay tembaga, from Prakrit *𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀕 (*taṃbaga), from Sanskrit ताम्रक (tāmraka, “copper”).


kembang

kêmbang (canonical)
kembang-kembang (plural)

From Malay kembang, from Proto-Malayic *kəmbaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəmbaŋ (compare Sundanese ᮊᮨᮙ᮪ᮘᮀ (kembang)).

flower (reproductive structure in angiosperms)


kuning

From Malay kuning, from Proto-Malayic *kunit (compare Malay kuning, Minangkabau kuniang), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)kunij (compare Acehnese kuneng, Javanese kuning, Madurese koneng, Sasak koning, Sundanese koneng, West Coast Bajau kuning).


timur

From Malay timur, from Proto-Malayic *timur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


biru

Inherited from Malay biru, from Proto-Malayic *biru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)biʀaw.


biru

Inherited from Malay biru-biru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *biʀu. Doublet of wiru.

folds on the edges of clothes, cloth, and so on as decoration


limau

From Malay limau, from Proto-Malayic *limaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw.


élan vital

Unadapted borrowing from French élan vital (“life force”, literally “vital impetus/force”).


ular

From Malay ular, from Proto-Malayic *ular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ.


ayah

From Malay ayah (“father”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aya₂ (“father’s sister, father’s sister’s husband”), from Proto-Austronesian *aya₂.


fals

From Dutch vals (“false”), from Latin falsus (“counterfeit, false; falsehood”), perfect passive participle of fallō (“deceive”).


republik

républik (canonical)
republik-republik (plural)

From Malay republik, from Dutch republiek, from French république, from Latin rēspūblica or rēs pūblica.


selimut

menyelimuti [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menyelimutkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kelinci

kêlinci (canonical)
kelinci-kelinci (plural)

→ Cia-Cia: kelinci, 껠린찌

From Malay kelinci, borrowed from Dutch konijntje, the diminutive of konijn. The form with /l/ was influenced by kuilu. Doublet of kuilu and terwelu.

rabbit, a mammal of the family Leporidae.


kambing

From Malay kambing, from Proto-Malayic *kambiŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kambiŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *kandiŋ.


opname

opnamê (canonical)
opname-opname (plural)

From Dutch opname, from opnemen based on German Aufnahme.

A recording, a record, something that has been recorded.


bija

From Sanskrit बीज (bīja, “seed”). Doublet of biji.


burung hantu

id-noun

burung hantu (plural burung-burung hantu)

Inherited from Malay burung hantu (“owl”). By surface analysis, burung (“bird”) + hantu (“ghost”). Compare Malagasy vorondolo (literally “ghost bird”).


barang

From Malay barang, from Classical Malay barang, from Old Malay varaṃ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baraŋ (“marker of indefiniteness”). The meaning 'things, goods, possessions' was a late innovation in western Indonesia.

inh

item; that which is considered to exist as a separate entity, object, quality or concept.

thing:
unmentionable thing, e.g. penis, etc.

pengambilan barang


sempoa

From Malay sempoa, from Xiamen Hokkien 算盤／算盘 (sǹg-pôaⁿ, “abacus”).


iblis

(theology) an evil creature, the objectification of a hostile and destructive force

(folklore) a fictional image of a man, usually red or orange in skin color; with a set of horns on his head, a pointed goatee and a long tail and carrying a pitchfork; that represents evil and portrayed to children in an effort to discourage bad behavior

(figuratively) a wicked or naughty person, or one who harbors reckless, spirited energy, especially in a mischievous way;


elang

From Malay elang ultimately from Austroasiatic either via Javanese elang from Old Javanese hĕlaṅ (“bird of prey”).

(zoology) eagle (Any of several large carnivorous birds in the family Accipitridae)

(zoology) buzzard or any large bird of prey


elang

From Sundanese [Term?]. Cognate of Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang, “male”).

the title for prince of Sultanate of Cirebon


angin

From Malay angin, from Classical Malay اڠين (angin), from Proto-Malayic *aŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin.

Hari ini angin sangat kencang.

(figurative) chance, opportunity, possibility


gajah

From Malay gajah, from Classical Malay gajah (“elephant”), from Sanskrit गज (gaja).


korsi

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of kursi (“chair, seat”)


adu

From Malay adu, from Classical Malay ادو (adu), from Old Malay hadu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *adu (“compete, confront in a contest”).


gaji

→ Ledo Kaili: gaji

From Malay gaji, from Dutch gage, from Middle French gage (Modern French gage), from Old French gage, guage, from Frankish *waddī.
* Displaced Dutch salaris (“salary”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

salary (fixed amount of money paid on monthly or annual basis)

(informal, proscribed) wage, an amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour.


universiteit

From Dutch universiteit (“university”), from Middle Dutch universiteit, from Old French universitei, from Medieval Latin ūniversitās. Cognate with German Universität.

(education, dated) Superseded spelling of universitas.


tetangga

têtangga (canonical)
tetangga-tetangga (plural)

Reconstructed as reduplication of tangga, from Malay tetangga, from setangga.

Tetanggaku itu sering memutar lagu pada pagi hari.

My neighbor often plays songs in the morning.

neighbour (a person living on adjacent or nearby land)


autopsi

Prefixed auto- + *opsi, from Dutch autopsie (“autopsy”), from New Latin autopsia, from Ancient Greek αὐτοψία (autopsía, “seeing with one's own eyes”).

der

autopsy (a dissection performed on a cadaver)


verval

Acronym of verifikasi dan validasi (“verification and validation”).


statistik

From Dutch statistiek, from German Statistik, from New Latin statisticum (“of the state”) and Italian statista (“statesman, politician”). German Statistik introduced by Gottfried Achenwall (1749).

statistic:
a single item in a statistical study.

a quantity calculated from the data in a sample, which characterises an important aspect in the sample (such as mean or standard deviation).

statistics: a systematic collection of data on measurements or observations, often related to demographic information such as population counts, incomes, population counts at different ages, etc.


geografi

géografi (canonical)
geografi-geografi (plural)

From Dutch geografie (“geography”), from Middle French géographie, from Latin geōgraphia, from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία (geōgraphía), from γῆ (gê, “earth”) + γράφω (gráphō, “write”).

geography (study of physical structure and inhabitants of the Earth)


baling

Inherited from Malay baling, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋ.

stone tied to a rope that is thrown by twisting the rope.


baling

fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum).


pantai

From Malay pantai (“beach”), from Classical Malay pantai (“beach”).


mahasiswa

Affixed maha- + siswa, from Malay mahasiswa, from Sanskrit महाशिष्य (mahāśiṣya). Compare to Chinese 大學生／大学生 (“university student”, literally “great student”).

zh-l

(masculine or neuter) university student


siswa

From Malay siswa, from Sanskrit शिष्य (śiṣya).


putu

Inherited from Malay putu, from Tamil புட்டு (puṭṭu, “puttu”).

(cooking) kue putu: an Indonesian (kue) traditional cylindrical-shaped and green-colored steamed cake.


altitudo

(physics) the absolute height of a location, usually measured from sea level.

(astronomy) the angular distance of a heavenly body above our Earth's horizon.


algoritma

From Dutch algoritme, from Medieval Latin algorithmus, a by-form of algorismus introduced under the influence of Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number”). A Latinization of Arabic الْخُوَارِزْمِيّ (al-ḵuwārizmiyy, “native of Khowarizm”), surname of the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī.

der

الْخُوَارِزْمِيّ

algorithm: precise logical computational procedure


kapten

kaptèn (canonical)
kapten-kapten (plural)

→ Min Nan: 甲丁 (kap-teng, “captain”)

From Dutch kapitein (“captain”), from Old French capitaine, from Late Latin capitāneus, from Latin caput (“head”). Cognate with Afrikaans kaptein.

(military) An army or air force officer whose rank is higher than that of a lieutenant but lower than that of a major.

(military) A naval officer whose rank is higher than that of a commander but lower than that of a commodore.

(aviation) The first officer or co-pilot of an aircraft.

The person who administers the operation of a merchant ship or a passenger ship.

The leader of a squad or a team in a game (of football, hockey, and others).

Someone who has been given the power to lead an organization, group, and so on.


berudu

a young toad or frog in its larval stage of development that lives in water, has a tail and no legs, and, like a fish, breathes through gills

(by extention) the aquatic larva of any amphibian

tadpole
the aquatic larva of any amphibian


artileri

From Dutch artillerie, from Middle Dutch artillerie, from Middle French artillerie, from Old French artillerie (“collection of military engines, crossbows, lances etc.”), from artillier (“to equip, provide with contraptions”), alteration of atiller (“to arrange, adjust, put on clothes or, especially, pieces of armour”) (influenced by art), itself from a Vulgar Latin *apticlāre < *apticulāre, from Latin aptāre (“to make capable”).

large projectile weapons, transportable and usually operated by more than one person; usually various types of cannon, but rocket artillery also exists.

an army unit that uses such weapons, or a military formation using projectile weapons, such as archers.


responsi

Affixed respons + -si, from Dutch responsie (“respond, answer”), from Latin responsio.

(biology) response: a reaction to a stimulus or provocation.


kudeta

kudéta (canonical)
kudeta-kudeta (plural)

Ultimately from French coup d’État (literally “stroke (or blow) of state”).


bayang

Inherited from Malay bayang. Doublet of wayang.


kaskade

From Dutch cascade, from French cascade, from Italian cascata, from cascare (“to fall”).

A waterfall or series of small waterfalls.

A stream or sequence of a thing or things occurring as if falling like a cascade.

(chemistry) A series of reactions in which the product of one becomes a reactant in the next.


mentol

mèntol (canonical)
mentol-mentol (plural)

(organic chemistry) menthol: a cyclic monoterpene alcohol; the major component of the essential oil of peppermint; used in pharmaceutical preparations as an antitussive and antipruritic agent, as a nasal decongestant, and in menthol cigarettes.


vokal

From Dutch vocaal (“vowel”), from Latin vōcālis.
* Semantic loan from English vocal, except the sense “vowel”.


gunung

From Malay gunung, from Classical Malay gunung, from Proto-Malayic *gunuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gunuŋ. Cognate of Javanese ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ (gunung), Sundanese ᮌᮥᮔᮥᮀ (gunung).


wira

From Malay wira, from Sanskrit वीर (vīra).


pâté de foie gras

Unadapted borrowing from French pâté de foie gras.

ubor

pâté de foie gras
pâté de foie gras#English


panji-panji

plural of panji (“pennon, flag, standard”)


politikus

From Malay politikus, from Dutch politicus, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).
The derogatory sense is from rebracketing to poli- (“many”) + tikus (“rat”) or politik (“politics”) + tikus (“rat”).


tulang

From Malay tulang, from Proto-Malayic *tulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqəlaŋ, *tuqəlan, from Proto-Austronesian *CuqəlaN.

a composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.

any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone.


regu

→ English: regu

From Malay regu.
* The military sense is a semantic loan from Dutch geweergroep.

(military) squad: a unit of tactical military personnel, or of police officers, usually of about ten members.

(scouting) the smallest unit, consisting of penggalang.


ifrit

Inherited from Malay ifrit, from Classical Malay ifrit, from Arabic عِفْرِيت (ʕifrīt).


wana

From Javanese ꦮꦤ (wana), from Old Javanese wana, from Sanskrit वन (vana).

(literary, rare) Synonym of hutan (“forest”)


racun

poison, venom (a poison carried by an animal, usually injected into an enemy or prey by biting or stinging)

(chemistry) poison (any substance that inhibits catalytic activity)

impurity (a component or additive that renders something else impure)


akordeon

akordèon (canonical)
akordeon-akordeon (plural)

From Dutch accordeon, from French accordéon, from German Akkordeon.


numismatika

Learned borrowing from Latin numismatica.


delik

From Dutch delict, from Latin delictum (“fault”).


lakmus

From Dutch lakmoes, from Middle Dutch lecmoes.


maktab

From Malay maktab, from Arabic مَكْتَب (maktab).

(Islam, Hajj) An office, bureau, particularly ones providing preparatory services for Hajj pilgrimages.


aktivitet

From Dutch activiteit, from French activité, from Latin activitas.

superseded spelling of aktivitas (“activity”).


pornografi

From English pornography or Dutch pornografie, from French pornographie, from Ancient Greek πορνογράφος (pornográphos), from πορνεία (porneía, “fornication, prostitution”) + γράφω (gráphō, “I depict”).


sarapan

Affixed sarap + -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦫꦥꦤ꧀ (sarapan, “breakfast, lining”).


energi

ènèrgi (canonical)
energi-energi (plural)

From Dutch energie, from Middle French énergie, from Late Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia, “action, act, work”), from ἐνεργός (energós, “active”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).

der

(physics) energy: a quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent.


abrikos

Borrowed from Dutch abrikoos. Doublet of aprikot.

(archaic or rare) synonym of aprikot (“apricot”)


handschoen

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch handschoen, from Middle Dutch hantschoe.


parasit

From Dutch parasiet, from Middle French parasite, from Latin parasitus, from Ancient Greek παράσιτος (parásitos, literally “person who eats at the table of another”).

der

(figurative) a person who lives on other people's efforts or expense and gives little or nothing back.

(biology) an organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, deriving benefit from living on or in that other organism, while not contributing towards that other organism sufficiently to cover the cost to that other organism.

showy mistletoes (Loranthaceae), a parasitic plant.


butik

From Dutch boetiek, from French boutique, from Old Occitan botica, from Latin apothēca, from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē). Doublet of apotek.

boutique, shop, in particular a trendy upmarket one or one selling clothes or fashion items.


gelembung

gêlêmbung (canonical)
gelembung-gelembung (plural)


SPM

(management, government) Initialism of standar pelayanan minimal (literally “minimum service standard”).


malaikat

From Malay malaikat, from Classical Malay ملائکة (malaikat), from Arabic مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika), the plural of مَلْأَك (malʔak).


halia

Inherited from Malay halia, from Proto-Malayic *halia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia (“ginger”) by metathesis. Doublet of laos.


kait

(computing) hook (the part of a system's operation that can be intercepted to change or augment its behaviour)

(typography) serif (a short line added to the end of a stroke in traditional typefaces)


kerajaan

kêrajaan (canonical)
kerajaan-kerajaan (plural)

Affixed raja + ke- -an, from Malay kerajaan, from Classical Malay kerajaan (“royal, become king”).

inh

A realm having a king and/or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign.

(Standard Malay)

(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank.

monarchy: a government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler).


kubus

From Dutch kubus, from Latin cubus, from Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos).


botol

From Malay botol, from English bottle, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French boteille, from *Vulgar Latin botticula.

bottle (container used for holding liquids)


bau

From Malay bau, from Classical Malay [script needed] (bau), from Old Malay [script needed] (vahu), from Proto-Malayic *bau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu, *bahuq.


bau

From Javanese ꦧꦲꦸ (bahu). Cognate of Dutch bouw.

(historical) a unit of measure for area on Java, equivalent to about 0.7 hectare; a portion of agricultural land of this size


kristal

From Dutch kristal, from Middle Dutch cristal, kerstal, from Old French cristal, from Latin crystallum, from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos), from the Proto-Indo-European *krus-, *kru- (“hard, hard outer surface, crust”).


adiposa

Internationalism, learned borrowing from New Latin adipōsa, adipōsus (“fatty”).

lbor

(anatomy) adipose: Animal fat stored in the tissue of the body.


istana

From Malay istana, from Classical Malay ايستان (istana), from Sanskrit आस्थान (āsthāna). Doublet of astana.

(if crenellated)


calon

Inherited from Malay calon, of unknown origin.


aritmia

Learned borrowing from New Latin arrhythmia, from Ancient Greek ἀρρυθμία (arrhuthmía).


abaya

Borrowed from Arabic عَبَايَة (ʕabāya), alternative form of عَبَاءَة (ʕabāʔa, “cloak”)..


tabel

From Dutch tabel, from German Tabelle, from Latin tabella, diminutive of tabula (“tablet, board, plank, chart”). Doublet of tablet.


jari telunjuk

id-noun

jari telunjuk (plural jari-jari telunjuk)

(anatomy) forefinger (first finger next to the thumb)


bumerang

bumêrang (canonical)
bumerang-bumerang (plural)

From English boomerang, from Dharug bumariny.

(figurative) occurrence of backfire (failure).


flensa

flènsa (canonical)
flensa-flensa (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch flens, from English flange.

an external or internal rib or rim, used either to add strength or to hold something in place.

the projecting edge of a rigid or semi-rigid component.


seniman

seni (“art”) + -wan (“-man”), literally “art-man”. Coined by Indonesian politician Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro.


parabel

From Dutch parabel, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French parable, parabole, from Late Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “comparison”). Doublet of parabola.

der

(literature) parable, a short narrative illustrating a lesson (usually religious/moral) by comparison or analogy.


atavisme

Affixed *atavus + -isme, borrowed from Dutch atavisme, from French atavisme, from Latin atavus (“ancestor”).


kateter

From Dutch katheter, from Latin catheter, from Ancient Greek καθετήρ (kathetḗr).


borok

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (borok), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buduk (“sores on the scalp; 'cradle cap'”).


mesin

Borrowed from Dutch machine, from French machine, from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina, from Doric Greek μᾱχανᾱ́ (mākhanā́). Not inherited from Malay mesin, which is from English machine.


basemen

basêmèn (canonical)
basemen-basemen (plural)

From Dutch basement, from Italian basamento, Spanish basamento.

basement: a floor of a building below ground level.


WTS

wanita tunasusila
wanita tunasusila#Indonesian

Initialism of wanita tunasusila (“prostitute”, literally “lewd woman”).


protoplasma

Borrowed from Dutch protoplasma (“protoplasm”), from German Protoplasma, coined by Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně, from Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + πλάσμα (plásma, “something molded”).

coin

(cytology) protoplasm: the entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.


bendi

From Malay bendi. Probably from Tamil பண்டி (paṇṭi, “carriage, cart, wagon, chaise”).

der

(transport, obsolete) gig, chair, chaise: a two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage.


arsenik

From Malay arsenik, from English arsenic, from Middle English arsenik, from Middle French arsenic, from Latin arsenicum, from Ancient Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón) (influenced by ἀρσενικός (arsenikós)), from Semitic, from Middle Persian [script needed] (zarnīk), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zaraniia, “gold”), from 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬌 (zari), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃i.


sekte

From Dutch sekte, from Old French secte (“a sect in philosophy or religion”), from Late Latin secta (“a sect in philosophy or religion, a school, party, faction, class, gild, band, particularly a heretical doctrine or sect, etc.”), possibly, from Latin sequi (“to follow”).

(religion) sect (split-off religious or philosophical group).


bankes

short for bantuan kesehatan (“health support”).


kalk

From Dutch kalk, from Middle Dutch calc, from Old Dutch *kalk, from Latin calx.


agas

From Malay agas, from Classical Malay اڬس (agas), from Proto-Malayic *agas.

sandfly (fly of Lutzomyia or Phlebotomus)


bruder

From Dutch broeder, from Middle Dutch broeder, from Old Dutch bruother, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Doublet of frater.


keris

Inherited from Malay keris, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦫꦶꦱ꧀ (keris), from Old Javanese kĕris, kris.

kris, keris: sheathed sharp-blade weapon (blades are generally wavy-edged, but there are also straight-edged). This weapon can be both a dagger and sword.


moci

mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice)


mimpi buruk

mimpi (“dream”) + buruk (“bad”), literally “bad dream”


sara

From Sanskrit सार (sāra, “energy, extract, essence, substance”). Doublet of sari.


animater

Borrowed from English animateur, from French animateur (“presenter; leader; group leader”).

(tourism) animateur: one who promotes particular activity, especially one of a cultural or artistic nature.


hors d'oeuvres

Unadapted borrowing from English hors d'oeuvres, plural form of hors d'oeuvre, from French hors-d’œuvre.

ubor

(cooking) appetizer, starter, hors d'oeuvre (small, light, and usually savory first course in a meal)


kartel

From Dutch kartel (“cartel”), from German Kartell, from French cartel, from Italian cartello, diminutive of carta, from Latin carta, charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus, paper”). Doublet of kardus, karton, kartu, katrij, and kertas.

doublet

(economics) group of businesses or nations that collude to fix prices.

(politics) combination of political groups (notably parties) for common action.

cartel:
(law) alliance of at least two parties.

cartel:
alliance of at least two parties.


paru

(medicine) Alternative spelling of paru-paru (“lung”)


tuas

From Malay tuas, from Proto-Aslian *tuəs (“to pull out”), from Austroasiatic.

(mechanics) lever, a rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; — used for transmitting and modifying force and motion.


tapai

From Malay tapai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapay (“fermented [food]”), from Proto-Austronesian *tapaJ (“fermented [food]”).

inh

(cooking) tapai: a traditional Asian food made from fermented carbohydrate, such as rice or cassava.


lelaki

From Malay laki-laki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Madurese lalake, Tagalog lalaki); Partial reduplication of laki.


buah arbei

head

buah arbei (plural buah-buah arbei, first-person possessive buah arbeiku, second-person possessive buah arbeimu, third-person possessive buah arbeinya)

buah-buah arbei (plural)
buah arbei ku (first-person possessive)
buah arbei mu (possessive second-person)
buah arbei nya (possessive third-person)


dunia

From Malay dunia, from Arabic دُنْيَا (dunyā).


arbei

From Dutch aardbei (“strawberry”, literally “earthberry”), from Middle Dutch erdbere, from Old Dutch *erdberi, from Proto-West Germanic *erþubaʀi, from Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją. Cognate of Afrikaans aarbei. Mostly replaced by stroberi.

bor

The sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria.

(dated) strawberry;
The plant of this fruit.


negara

→ English: negara

From Malay negara, borrowed from Sanskrit नगर (nagara, “city”). Doublet of nagari and negeri.
* Displaced Dutch staat (“state (political entity)”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


beruang

Inherited from Malay beruang, from Proto-Malayic *bAruaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀuaŋ. Doublet of barong.

bear (a large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae)


koo

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 公(こう) (kō, “duke”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.


domba

→ Cia-Cia: domba

From Malay domba, from Persian دنبه (donba, “sheep's tail”), دم (dom, “tail”), from Middle Persian dwm(b') (/dum(b)/), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewmbʰ- (“penis, tail, rod”).

der

sheep,
a woolly ruminant of the genus Ovis.

(Christianity) a religious adherent, a member of a congregation or religious community.


biri-biri

From Malay biri-biri. See there for further etymology.

(chiefly chiefly dialectal or literary) Synonym of domba (“sheep”)


katalog

From Dutch cataloog (Netherland standard catalogus), from Late Latin catalogus, itself from Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos, “an enrollment, a register, a list, catalogue”).

a systematic list of names, books, pictures etc.

a complete (usually alphabetical) list of items.


tomat

Borrowed from Dutch tomaat, from English tomato and subsequently influenced by French tomate, both from Spanish tomate, from Classical Nahuatl tomatl (“tomatillo”).


zalim

From Malay zalim, lalim, from Classical Malay ظاليم (zalim), from Arabic ظَالِم (ẓālim).


usada

From Javanese ꦲꦸꦱꦢ (usada), from Old Javanese osadha, from Pali osadha (“medicine”), from Sanskrit औषध (auṣadha, “drug, medicine”).


usada

From Balinese ᬉᬱᬥ (usada, “traditional medicinal knowledge, medicine”), from Sanskrit औषध (auṣadha, “drug”).

bor

traditional medicine, especially Balinese traditional medicine


monarki

From Dutch monarchie, from Middle Dutch monarchie, from Old French monarchie, from Latin monarchia, from Ancient Greek μοναρχίᾱ (monarkhíā).


gunting

From Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese [Term?], according to Blust (2010-2020).


visera

Learned borrowing from Latin viscera, the plural of viscus.

(anatomy) viscus, viscera: the internal organ(s) of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities, such as the liver, heart, or stomach.


pranala

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese praṇāla, from Sanskrit प्रणाल (praṇāla, “watercourse, channel”). Coined by Indonesian Revo Arka Giri Soekatno in 2004.


kekacauan

chaos (any state of disorder; a confused or amorphous mixture or conglomeration)


fungsi

From Malay fungsi, from Dutch functie, from French fonction, from Middle French function, ultimately from Latin functiō.

memfungsikan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

function:
what something does or is used for.

function:
a professional or official position.

(biology) the physiological activity of an organ or body part.

(mathematics) a relation in which each element of the domain is associated with exactly one element of the codomain.

(linguistics) a way of achieving an aim using language.


amandel

From Dutch amandel, from Middle Dutch amandel.


banjir

Inherited from Malay banjir, from Javanese ꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦶꦂ (banjir). From Sanskrit [Term?].


diskotek

diskoték (canonical)
diskotek-diskotek (plural)

From Dutch discotheek, from French discothèque.


prei

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦺꦲꦶ (prèi), from Dutch vrij (“free”).

(colloquial) holiday, free, doing nothing.


candu

From Malay candu, from Hindi चंडू (caṇḍū), from Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “mortar, plaster; powder”).

der

opium: a yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum#Translingual

opium poppy: Papaver somniferum, the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are extracted.

tar: a black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.


dokter gigi

Compound of dokter (“physician”) + gigi (“tooth”), calque of Dutch tandarts (“dentist”, literally “tooth doctor”).


beruang kutub

Compound of beruang (“bear”) + kutub (“pole”), calque of English polar bear.

com+

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual


doktrin

From Dutch doctrine, from Latin doctrina (“teaching, instruction, learning, knowledge”), from doctor (“a teacher”), from docere (“to teach”).

der

a belief or tenet, especially about philosophical or theological matters.

the body of teachings of an ideology, most often a religion, or of an ideological or religious leader, organization, group or text.


nepotisme

Affixed *nepot + -isme, from Dutch nepotisme, from French népotisme, from Italian nepotismo.


batalion

From Dutch bataljon, from French bataillon. Cognate of Malay batalion.

(military) battalion: an army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters. Traditionally forming part of a regiment.


slank

Modified from English spelling "slang", except "ng" is a single letter and nasal


agit

the strongest link between the branches of a tree or the roots of a tree.


mimpi

Inherited from Malay mimpi, from Proto-Malayic *mimpi, possibly a contraction of Pre-Malayic *um-impi, which is a derivation from *impi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sipi.

dream (imaginary events seen while sleeping)


harimau

Inherited from Malay harimau, from Proto-Malayic *hari-mauŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hari-mauŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hari-mauŋ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qari-mauŋ. Doublet of maung.

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

(figurative, slang) cougar (older woman with a younger boyfriend)


epistel

èpistêl (canonical)
epistel-epistel (plural)

From Dutch epistel, from Latin epistola, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ), from ἐπιστέλλω (epistéllō, “I send a message”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I prepare, send”).

(Christianity) epistle, one of the letters included as a book of the New Testament.


xilofon

From English xylophone or Dutch xylofoon.


kupat

ketupat: a type of made from rice that has been wrapped in a woven palm leaf pouch which is then boiled.


lawa

Borrowed from Makasar [Term?] and Buginese [Term?].

(cooking) Buginese dish made from raw fish or banana blossoms, mixed with grated or fried coconut, spices, and vinegar


lawa

Unknown, inherited from Malay lawa (“board”), probably from Old Javanese lawa (“fragment, piece”), from Sanskrit लव (lava).


rel

From Dutch rail, from English rail, from Middle English rail, rayl, *reȝel, *reȝol (found in reȝolsticke (“a ruler”)), partly from Old English regol (“a ruler, straight bar”) and partly from Old French reille; both from Latin regula (“rule, bar”), from regere (“to rule, to guide, to govern”).

rail: the metal bar that makes the track for a railroad.


merpati

From Malay merpati, from Sanskrit पारापत (pārāpata).

pigeon (bird of the pigeon and dove family Columbidae)


lampion

Borrowed from Dutch lampion, from French lampion, from Italian lampione, from lampa. Doublet of lampu.


auman

auman harimau


bahadur

From Malay bahadur, from Classical Persian بهادر (bahādur).


resistans

résistans (canonical)
resistans-resistans (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch résistance, from French résistance, from Latin resistentia.

electrical resistance
electrical resistance

(electricity, electronics) electrical resistance.

(psychology) the forces that counteract progress in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy.


baya

From Malay baya (“age”), from Pali vaya (“age”), from Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “age”).


baya

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of bahaya (“danger”).


kongregasi

From Dutch congregatie, from Latin congregātiō, itself from congregō (“to herd into a flock”).

(Catholicism) religious congregation: a religious institute of the Catholic Church in which simple vows are taken


modiste

From Dutch modiste, from French modiste.

modiste, a person who makes or sells fashionable women's clothing, especially dresses or hats.


kategori

From Dutch categorie, from French catégorie, from Latin catēgoria, from Ancient Greek κατηγορία (katēgoría).


lobi

(architecture, art) an entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor.

(politics) the attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause.


limonade

limonadê (canonical)
limonade-limonade (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch limonade, from French limonade.

a flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment.

a clear, usually carbonated, beverage made from lemon or artificial lemon flavouring, water, and sugar.


accent aigu

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accent aigu (“acute accent”), from French accent aigu (“acute accent”), from Latin accentus acūtus (“sharp accent”), itself a calque of Ancient Greek προσῳδία ὀξύς (prosōidía oxús, “sharp accent”).

der

προσῳδία ὀξύς


PJ

penanggung jawab
penanggung jawab#Indonesian

Initialism of penanggung jawab (“responsible, person in-charge”).


TK

taman kanak-kanak
taman kanak-kanak#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of taman kanak-kanak (“kindergarten”).

(cartography) Initialism of titik kartometrik (“cartometric point”).


lautan

Affixed laut (“sea”) + -an, from Malay lautan.

ocean (one of the five large bodies of water)


komedian

Internationalism, borrowed from English comedian.

comedian (an entertainer who performs in a humorous manner, especially by telling jokes)


kapan

From Malay kapan, from Arabic كَفَن (kafan).


pekan

From Malay pekan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian. Doublet of pekon. Cognate to Balinese ᬧᭂᬓᭂᬦ᭄ (peken, “market”).

(rare, sense typically in compound words) market: a gathering of people for the purchase and sale of merchandise at a set time, often periodic.


usul

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic أُصُول (ʔuṣūl), plural of أَصْل (ʔaṣl). Doublet of asal.


visus

(ophthalmology) vision, eyesight, visual perception: the power of sight.


rugi

From Malay rugi, from Sanskrit रोग (roga, “disease, infirmity, sickness”).


kopra

Borrowed from Dutch kopra, from Portuguese copra, from Malayalam കൊപ്ര (kopra), from Sanskrit कपालः (kapālaḥ, “skull”). Doublet of kepala.

copra: the dried kernel of the coconut, from which coconut oil is extruded.


kantata

From Italian cantata, from Latin [Term?].

(music) cantata: a vocal composition accompanied by instruments and generally containing more than one movement, typical of 17th and 18th century Italian music.


lues

From Dutch lues (“syphilis”), from Latin luēs (“plague”), from Latin luere (“to loose, release, atone for”).


lalat

From Malay lalat, from Proto-Malayic *lalət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laləj. Compare Javanese laler.


kardinal

From Dutch kardinaal, from Middle Dutch cardinael, from Latin cardinalis.


afsun

From Malay afsun, from Classical Malay افسون (afsun), from Classical Persian افسون (afsūn, “incantation, charm”).


kring

From Dutch kring (“circle”), from Middle Dutch kring, from Proto-Germanic *kringaz.


episod

From English episode, probably via Malay episod.


bakteriologi

baktériologi (canonical)
bakteriologi-bakteriologi (plural)


gay

From English gay, from Middle English gay, from Old French gai (“joyful, laughing, merry”), usually thought to be a borrowing of Old Occitan gai (“impetuous, lively”), from Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*gaheis, “impetuous”), merging with earlier Old French jai (“"merry"”), from Frankish *gāhi, both from Proto-Germanic *ganhuz, *ganhwaz (“sudden”). This is possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to stride, step”), from *ǵʰēy- (“to go”).

gay: homosexual: being between two or more men.


abon

From Javanese ꦲꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (abon, “shredded meat; part time labour; offering”), probably from Old Javanese awu (“ash, powder”) + -an, comparable to abu (“ash”) + -an.

bor

(dialect, Java) provision: an item of goods or supplies, especially food, obtained for future use.


seko

Borrowed from Japanese 斥候(せっこう) (sekkō, “patrol; scout”), from 斥 (せき, seki, “retreat”) + 候 (こう, kō, “climate, season, weather”).


antimoni

From Malay antimoni, from English antimony, from Medieval Latin antimonium.


tisu

From Malay tisu, from English tissue, from Old French tissu (Modern French tissu), past participle of tistre, from Latin texere.

a sheet of absorbent paper, especially one that is made to be used as tissue paper, toilet paper or a handkerchief.


kebangsaan

blue-bloodedness; the state of being of aristocratic descent


bendera

bêndéra (canonical)
bendera-bendera (plural)

From Malay bendera, from Portuguese bandeira (“flag”).


kode

From Dutch code, from French code, from Old French code, from Latin cōdex. Cognate of Afrikaans kode.

a short symbol, often with little relation to the item it represents.

any system of principles, rules or regulations relating to one subject.

(computing) a set of rules for converting information into another form or representation.


sektor

sèktor (canonical)
sektor-sektor (plural)

(law enforcement) an third-level jurisdiction division ranking in Indonesia.

(mathematics, geometry) part of a circle, extending to the center.


jaksa

→ Min Nan: 若卅

Inherited from Malay jaksa, from Javanese ꦗꦏ꧀ꦱ (jaksa, “prosecutor; auditor”), from Old Javanese dyakṣa, dhyakṣa, adhyakṣa (“inspector, superintendent, supervisor, guardian; highest judicial official”), from Sanskrit अध्यक्ष (adhyakṣa, “inspector, chairperson”). Doublet of adiaksa. The sense of prosecutor is a semantic loan from Dutch officier van justitie and Japanese 檢事(けんじ) (kenji).

sl

(law) prosecutor: a prosecuting attorney.


kitin

From Dutch chitine, from French chitine.

(zoology) chitin (polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, found in arthropod and fungi)


topan

From Malay taufan, topan, from Classical Malay طوفان (taufan), توڤن (topan), from Arabic طُوفَان (ṭūfān), from Classical Syriac ܛܰܘܦܳܢܳܐ (ṭawpānā), from Sinitic. Doublet of taifun.

der

Arabic طُوفَان (ṭūfān)


tolan

friend, person whose company one enjoys.


punia

From Sanskrit पुण्य (puṇya, “good or right, virtue, purity, good work, meritorious act, moral or religious merit”).


taruna

From Malay teruna, from Pali taruṇa (“young”), from Sanskrit तरुण (taruṇa, “young”).


kriterium

(nonstandard by KBBI) Alternative form of kriteria


Sabtu

From Malay Sabtu, from Classical Malay Sabtu (“Saturday”), from Arabic السَبْت (as-sabt). Doublet of Sabat.


SSK

satuan setingkat kompi
satuan setingkat kompi#Indonesian


gigi

From Malay gigi, from Proto-Malayic *gigi.

Anggota dewan ini memilih untuk menahan sakit gigi.

This member of parliament choose to endure the toothache.

a hard, calcareous structure present in the mouth of many vertebrate animals, generally used for eating.

komisi tanpa gigi

gigi satu