lambung

Borrowed from Minangkabau lambung (“stomach”) and Javanese ꦭꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁ (lambung, “side, flank”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *buŋ (“belly”), *buŋ, *uŋ (“to swell, bulge”). Compare to Old Javanese lambuṅ (“side, flank”).

bor

(anatomy) An organ in animals that stores food in the process of digestion.


lambung

Sasak ethnicity female traditional cloth


punai

green pigeon (any member of the genus Treron of the pigeon family)


pidato

From earlier pedato, possibly from Sanskrit पदार्थ (padārtha, “meaning of a word, substance”). Cognate of Balinese ᬧᬶᬤᬭ᭄ᬢ (pidarta, “speech”), Old Javanese padārtha (“meaning, explanation, content”).


sepul

From Dutch spoel, from Middle Dutch spoele, from Old Dutch *spuola, from Proto-Germanic *spōlǭ.


sentul

sêntul (canonical)
sentul-sentul (plural)

Inherited from Malay sentul (“santol or cottonfruit”).

inh+

Sandoricum koetjape (santol or cottonfruit), a tropical Asian fruit tree.


pemain

Affixed peng- + main (“to play”), inherited from Malay pemain.


permainan

Inherited from Malay permainan. Equivalent to main + per- -an.

game (a playful or competitive activity)


poin

From English point, from Middle English point, from Old French point, pointe, from Latin punctum, puncta. Doublet of ponten.


surat kabar

From Malay surat khabar, a calque of Dutch nieuwsblad (“newspaper”). Equivalent to compound of surat (“document”) + kabar (“news”). Popularised by Soerat Kabar Bahasa Melaijoe in 1856.


hongsui

From Hokkien 風水／风水 (hong-súi, “wind and water”). Doublet of fengsui.

Alternative spelling of fengsui (“feng shui”)


fengsui

From Mandarin 風水／风水 (fēngshuǐ, “wind and water”). Doublet of hongsui.

An ancient Chinese system of designing buildings and space arrangement according to special rules about the flow of energy, aimed at achieving harmony with the environment.

In Chinese mythology, a system of spiritual energies, both good and evil, present in the natural features of landscapes.


orasi

From Dutch oratie, from Latin ōrātiō, ōrātiōnem, from ōrō (“I orate”) + -ātiō (“action (nominalizer)”).

(education) inaugural speech of a new professor.

oration: formal speech
inaugural speech of a new professor.


akeo

From Hakka 阿哥 (â-kô, “elder brother”). Doublet of ako and engkoh.


angciu

From Hokkien 紅酒 /红酒 (âng-chiú, “red wine”).


anghun

From Hokkien 紅薰 /红薰 (âng-hun, literally “red smoke”), from Hokkien 紅 /红 (âng, “red”) + 薰 (hun, “smoke”).


anglung

From Hokkien 紅樓 /红楼 (âng-lô͘, literally “red building”), from Hokkien 紅 /红 (âng, “red”) + 樓 /楼 (lô͘, “building”).


acik

From Hokkien 阿姊 (a-chí, a-ché, á-chí, “elder sister”) or Hakka 阿姊 (â-chí, â-chè, â-che, “elder sister”). Compare Tagalog atsi / ate, Kapampangan atsi.


amoi

From Zhangzhou Hokkien 阿妹 (a-mōe, “younger sister”).


angkak

From Hokkien 紅麴 /红曲 (âng-khak, “red yeast”), as in 紅／红 (âng, “red”) + 麴／曲 (khak, “yeast”).


ciu

From Hokkien 酒 (chiú, “alcoholic beverage; liquor”).


ciu

shrike-babbler (a songbird of the genus Pteruthius)


apak

From Minangkabau apak (“father”), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa.


bakor

badan koordinasi
badan koordinasi#Indonesian

Acronym of badan koordinasi (“coordination body”).


taiso

Borrowed from Japanese 體操, 体操(たいそう) (taisō, “gymnastics, exercises”, literally “body control”).


heiho

Borrowed from Japanese 兵補 (へいほ, heiho, “auxiliaries”), from 兵 (へい, hei, “soldier, weapon, war”) + 補 (ほ, ho, “supplement, assistant”).


gunseibu

Borrowed from Japanese 軍政部(ぐんせいぶ) (gunseibu, “military government”), from 軍政 (ぐんせい, gunsei, “military government”) + 部 (ぶ, bu, “division, bureau”).


gunseikan

Borrowed from Japanese 軍政官(ぐんせいかん) (gunseikan, “military government official”), from 軍政 (ぐんせい, gunsei, “military government”) + 官 (かん, kan, “government official”).

(historical) Japanese military government official.


kempetai

Borrowed from Japanese 憲兵隊(けんぺいたい) (kenpeitai, “regiment of military policemen”), from 憲兵 (けんぺい, kenpei, “military police officer”) + 隊 (たい, tai, “squadron, team, group”).

the Kenpeitai, Japan's military police and secret police force from 1881 to 1945


gongyo

Borrowed from Japanese 勤行(ごんぎょう) (gongyō, “religious (Buddhist) service”), from 勤(ごん) (gon, “diligence, become employed, serve”) + 行(ぎょう) (gyō, “going, journey”).

(Buddhism) Religious service practiced by Nichiren Buddhists.


oritsuru

Borrowed from Japanese 折鶴 (おりづる, orizuru, “origami paper crane”), from 折り (おり, ori, “to fold”) + 鶴 (つる, tsuru, “crane (bird)”).


takeyari

Borrowed from Japanese 竹槍(たけやり) (takeyari, “bamboo spear”), from 竹 (たけ, take, “bamboo”) + 槍 (やり, yari, “spear, lance, javeline”).


romusya

Borrowed from Japanese 労務者(ろうむしゃ) (rōmusha), from 労務 (ろうむ, rōmu, “labor, work”) + 者 (しゃ, sha, “person”).


singse

Borrowed from Hokkien 先生 (sin-seⁿ, “doctor; physician; teacher”), from 先 (sin, “earlier; first”) + 生 (seⁿ, “to be born”). Compare Japanese 先生 (sensei, “teacher; elder”).


sengsai

(informal) alternative spelling of sinse (“shaman, traditional Chinese medicine doctor”).


subuco

Borrowed from Japanese 部長 (ぶちょう, buchō, “departmental chief”).

der

Setibanya di lapangan terbang Kemayoran, kami disambut subuco.

When [we] arrived at Kemayoran airfield, we welcomed by Japanese officer.


tobang

From Japanese 当番(とうばん) (tōban, “being on duty”).


tobang

Channa striata
Channa striata#Translingual


sinse

Borrowed from Hokkien 先生 (sin-seⁿ, “doctor; physician; teacher”), from 先 (sin, “earlier; first”) + 生 (seⁿ, “to be born”). Compare Japanese 先生 (sensei, “teacher; elder”). Doublet of sensei.

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine#English

(traditional Chinese medicine) traditional Chinese medicine doctor


daidan

Borrowed from Japanese 大団 (だいだん, daidan), which is from 大 (だい, dai, “big”) + 団 (だん, dan, “group, team, gang”).


daidanco

Borrowed from Japanese 大団長 (だいだんちょう, daidanchō), which is from 大 (だい, dai, “big”) + 団 (だん, dan, “group, team, gang”) + 長 (ちょう, chō, “chief, head, leader”).


auban

Borrowed from Hokkien 拗蠻／拗蛮 (áu-bân, “stubborn and unreasonable person”).


doktorandus

Borrowed from Dutch doctorandus, from Latin doctorandus (“who will become a doctor”).

der

(historical) doctorandus, person who pass the bachelor exam. (drs. (prefix title)).


doktoranda

Borrowed from Dutch doctoranda, from Latin doctoranda (“she who will become a doctor”).

(historical) female equivalent of doktorandus


kumico

From Japanese 組長(くみちょう) (kumichō, “head of a group”), whence kumi can also be from 隣組 (tonarigumi, “neighborhood association”).

(archaic) neighborhood association chief.


syogun

From Japanese 将軍(しょうぐん) (shōgun), from Middle Chinese compound 將軍 (MC tsjang kjun). The “shogun” sense is originally short for 征夷大将軍(たいしょーぐん) (taishōgun, literally “general who overcomes the barbarians”).

ja-r

shogun: supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan.


kungkung

shackle (a restraint fit over a human or animal appendage, such as a wrist, ankle or finger; normally used in pairs joined by a chain)


bacang

From Xiamen Hokkien 肉粽 (bah-chàng), from 肉 (bah, “meat, flesh; pork”) + 粽 (chàng, “zongzi”).


bakiak

From Xiamen Hokkien 木屐 (ba̍k-kia̍h, “clogs”).


bakpia

From Xiamen Hokkien 肉餅／肉饼 (bah-piáⁿ, “meat patty”), from 肉 (bah, “meat, flesh; pork”) + 餅／饼 (piáⁿ, “round flat cake; cookie; cake”).

zh-l

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual


batau

From Hokkien 媌頭 /媌头 (bâ-thâu), from 媌 (bâ, “prostitute”) + 頭／头 (thâu, “chief; boss; leader”).


keibodan

From Japanese 警防団 (けいぼうだん, keibōdan, “civil defense unit”).


onagata

From Japanese 女形 (おんながた, onnagata, “onnagata”).

(drama) onnagata, male actor who plays female roles in kabuki theater.


karategi

From Japanese 空手着 (からてぎ, karategi), from Japanese 空手 (からて, karate, “karate”) + 着 (ぎ, -gi, “clothes, outfit, uniform”, suffix).


mocitsuki

From Japanese 餅搗き (もちつき, mochitsuki, “pounding mochi”), from Japanese 餅 (もち, mochi) + Japanese 搗 (つく, tsuku, “pounding”).

pounding mochi as part of Japanese New Year.


keuskupan

Affixed uskup + ke- -an, from Malay keuskupan.


kacamata

kaca (“glass”) + mata (“eye”) (compare Malay kaca mata).


kacamata

white-eye (any of the passerine birds of the family Zosteropidae)


bakwan

From Xiamen Hokkien 肉丸 (bah-oân, “meatball”), from 肉 (bah, “meat, flesh; pork”) + 丸 (oân, “pill”).

A kind of fritter from vegetables and wheat flour.


kendala

kêndala (canonical)
kendala-kendala (plural)

From Malay kendala (Standard Malay gendala), from Sanskrit कन्दल (kandala).


karcis

From Dutch kaartjes, the plural form of kaartje (“ticket”), the diminutive of kaart, from Middle Dutch cāerte, from Old French carte, from Latin charta. Doublet of kartu.

a pass entitling the holder to admission to a show, concert, etc.

a pass entitling the holder to board a train, a bus, a plane, or other means of transportation.

Penonton dapat memperoleh informasi pembelian karcis melalui media elektronik, poster, atau internet.

The viewer can get the ticket information from electronic media, poster or internet.


tekidanto

From Japanese 擲弾筒(てきだんとう) (tekidantō, “grenade launcher”).


lemari

lêmari (canonical)
lemari-lemari (plural)

→ Malay: lemari

Borrowed from Javanese ꦊꦩꦫꦶ (lemari, “cupboard; wardrobe”), from Portuguese armário (“cupboard”), from Latin armārium. Cognate of Malay almari, lemari, Classical Malay الماري (almari), لماري (lemari). Doublet of almari.


barah

Inherited from Malay barah, from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq (“abscess, boil, swelling on the body”).


banci

From Malay banci, from Javanese ꦧꦚ꧀ꦕꦶ (banci, “effeminate man; asexual person”), from Old Javanese wañci (“timid, shy; character; deceitful”), from bañcana, wañcana (“deception, deceitful”), from Sanskrit वञ्चन (vañcana, “deceiving, trickery”). Doublet of bencana.

der

(derogatory) waria: a member of Indonesia's traditional transfeminine third gender category


banci

From Malay banci, from Sanskrit वाशी (vāśī, “adze, chisel”), from Tamil வாச்சி (vācci, “adze”).

(dialectal) a big pickaxe to chip or to hew


banci

From Malay banci, from Sanskrit पञ्जी (pañjī, “register”). Doublet of panji. Compare with Thai บัญชี (ban-chii), Khmer បញ្ជី (bɑɑbɑñcii), Javanese wanci (“time”).


bantuan

From Malay bantuan,
from Classical Malay bantuan. Equivalent to bantu + -an.

(education) bursary: a monetary award to university students that allows them to continue their studies.


cermin mata

cermin (“mirror”) + mata (“eye”) (compare Malay cermin mata).


pertanyaan

tanya + per- -an, from Malay pertanyaan.


ponsel

ponsèl (canonical)
ponsel-ponsel (plural)

From contraction of telepon seluler, from English cellular telephone.


pertempuran

pêrtêmpuran (canonical)
pertempuran-pertempuran (plural)

Affixed tempur + per- -an, inherited from Malay pertempuran (“battle”).


acuan

Affixed acu + -an, from Malay acuan, from Classical Malay اچوان (acuan).

reference: a measurement one can compare to.


sabuk

belt (a band worn around the waist to hold clothing to one's body)

belt (a band used as a restraint for safety purposes)

(astronomy) belt (a collection of rocky-constituted bodies which orbit a star)


sampah

persampahan [causative passive + resultative

to consider sth as rubbish; peR- + meN- + -kan

memersampahkan [causative passive + agent focus + causative benefactive]

penyampahan [agentive

process of turning sth into rubbish; peN- + -an

discarded items that are of no use (rubbish; garbage; junk; trash; waste)


penyampah

penyampah makanan

Dia adalah penyampah yang membuang kaleng minuman kosong di lapangan stadion.

He is the litterbug that dumped empty drinking cans on the stadium field.

litterbug (one who tends to drop litter and not pick it up)


natrium hidroksida

id-noun

natrium hidroksida (plural natrium-natrium hidroksida)

natrium (“sodium”) + hidroksida (“hydroxide”)


kalor

Learned borrowing from Latin calor (“warmth, heat; glow”).

learned borrowing

heat:
the condition or quality of being hot.


pelajar

From Malay pelajar. Equivalent to dissimilated per- + ajar (“to teach”).

Indonesia merupakan negara kesembilan. Namun kini pelajar Jerman justru memilih Indonesia sebagai tempat pertukaran pelajar. Saat berada di Kota Salatiga para pelajar Jerman itu dikenalkan dengan berbagai pengetahuan dan budaya daerah setempat.

2017 October 5, “Pelajar Jerman Motivasi Siswa SMP 4 Salatiga [German students motivate junior high school students from SMP 4 Salatiga]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-15:

Indonesia was the ninth country (of their choice). However, German students now choose Indonesia instead as the place for student exchange. During their time at Kota Salatiga, the German students were introduced to various knowledge and culture of the local region.

secondary school
secondary school#English

murid

student in preschool to senior high school

mahasiswi

student enrol in an institution of higher education


pencemaran

From cemar (“dirty”) + peng- -an, the sense in law is a semantic loan from Dutch smaad.

pencemaran lingkungan

pencemaran sungai

pencemaran udara

Dua sungai, Kali Premulung dan Kali Jenes, bahkan tergolong tercemar berat. "Pencemaran air sungai sudah melebihi ambang batas, sesuai kajian daya dukung dan daya tampung sungai." Merujuk hasil kajian di sejumlah sungai, air Kali Premulung dan Kali Jenes sudah tidak layak digunakan untuk pengairan pertanian ataupun perikanan. Sebab kandungan zat kimia dari pencemaran limbah batik sudah terlampau tinggi.

2017 October 3, “Dua Sungai Alami Pencemaran Berat [Two Rivers Sustain Heavy Pollution]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-17:

Two rivers, Kali Premulung and Kali Jenes, were even classified as heavily polluted. "Pollution of river water has exceeded threshold levels, according to studies on the (ecological) carrying capacity of the river." Based on the results of the study on a number of rivers, water from Kali Premulung River and Kali Jenes River are no longer suitable to be used for agricultural irrigation or fishery purposes because the chemical contents caused by pollution of batik waste is too high.

polusi


cukong

→ English: cukong

Soal cukong sebenarnya jadi ribut bukan karena cukong ini orang Tionghoa atau keturunan Tionghoa.

The cukong problem is not caused by the Chinese or Chinese descendant aspect.

cukong, especially from Chinese or their descendants.


baronsai

(nonstandard) Alternative form of barongsai


langca

From Hokkien 人車 /人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).


banji

From Malay banji from Hokkien 卍字 (bān-jī, “swastika pattern”), a pattern used in latticework.


barongsai

Compound of barong + Hokkien 獅 /狮 (sai, “lion”), a partial calque of Hokkien 弄獅 /弄狮 (lāng-sai, “lion dance”).

pclq

lion dance (traditional Chinese dance where performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume)


mecin

From Cantonese 味精 (mei⁶ zing¹), from a genericized trademark of Tien Chu Ve-Tsin food company. The "味精" trademark itself ultimately comes from Japanese 味(み)精(せい) (misei). Doublet of micin.

mecin bikin bodoh


konservatisme

From Dutch conservatisme. Reanalysed as konservatif + -isme.


kermi

From Sanskrit कृमि (kṛmi, “worm”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kŕ̥miṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”).


aneka

From Malay aneka, from Classical Malay انيك (aneka), from Pali aneka, from Sanskrit अनेक (aneka).


imlek

From Hokkien 陰曆／阴历 (im-le̍k, “lunar calendar”).


samcan

From Hokkien 三層 /三层 (sam-chân, “pork belly”, literally “three layers”). Doublet of sancan.

bor

(cooking) alternative spelling of sancan (“beef flank”)


susyi

(cooking) sushi: vinegared rice served with fish or vegetables, etc.


sancan

From Hokkien 三層 /三层 (saⁿ-chân, “pork belly”, literally “three layers”). Doublet of samcan.


syuriken

From Japanese 手裏剣(しゅりけん) (shuriken, literally “in the hand blade”).

ja-r

(weaponry) shuriken, a dart or throwing blade, sometimes with multiple points, used as a weapon by ninja (or samurai).


romusa

Borrowed from Japanese 勞務者(ろうむしゃ) (rōmusha).


kopling

Borrowed from Dutch koppeling (“clutch”).


guru besar

guru bêsar (canonical)
guru-guru besar (plural)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Compound of guru (“teacher”) + besar (“big”), calque of Dutch hoogleraar (“professor”, literally “big + teacher”).

calque

Ia melanjutkan, Prof Winarni merupakan guru besar ke- 15 di FPIK dan satu diantara dua guru besar wanita di fakultas tersebut. Sementara Prof Syafrudin merupakan guru besar aktif ke- 23 di Fakultas Teknik. Sedangkan Prof Naili merupakan guru besar aktif Fakultas ISIP yang keempat di mana tiga di antaranya wanita.

2018 October 25, Puthut Ami Luhur, “Undip Kukuhkan Tiga Guru Besar Sekaligus [Universitas Diponegoro (Undip) Inaugurates Three Professors at Once]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-25:

He proceeded (to explain) that Prof. Winami is the 15th professor in FPIK and one of the two female professors in the faculty, while Prof. Syafrudin is the 23rd active professor in the Faculty of Engineering, whereas Prof. Naili is the fourth active professor of the ISIP Faculty where three of them are women.

professor (most senior rank for an academic at a university)

senior teacher, lecturer or researcher working at an institution of higher education


abonemen

abonêmèn (canonical)
abonemen-abonemen (plural)

→ Malay: abonemen

Borrowed from Dutch abonnement (“subscription”), from French abonnement.


peti es

Compound of peti (“box”) + es (“ice”), calque of Dutch ijskast (“refrigerator”, literally “ice cupboard”).


telaah

From Arabic مُطَالَعَة (muṭālaʕa, “study”), طَالَعَ (ṭālaʕa). Doublet of telah.


amonium

Internationalism, from English ammonium.


gerilya

From Dutch guerrilla, from Spanish guerrilla.

(military) guerrilla war; guerrilla warfare.


perkataan

pêrkataan (canonical)
perkataan-perkataan (plural)


borat

(inorganic chemistry) borate (the oxyanion BO₃³⁻ or any of several more complex derivatives)

borat (a salt or ester formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical)


akselerator

akselêrator (canonical)
akselerator-akselerator (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from English accelerator.

accelerator
one who, or that which, accelerates.

accelerator
a device for causing acceleration.

particle accelerator
particle accelerator

(physics) particle accelerator: a device that accelerates charged subatomic particles.

(physiology) a muscle or nerve that speeds the performance of an action.


PKP

penghasilan kena pajak
penghasilan kena pajak#Indonesian

(taxation) Initialism of penghasilan kena pajak.

pengusaha kena pajak
pengusaha kena pajak#Indonesian

(taxation) Initialism of pengusaha kena pajak.


petrus

Compound of penembak (“shooter”) + misterius (“mysterious”).

com

(historical) extrajudicial official executioner


oplosan

Affixed oplos + -an. Attested before 1965.

(now informal) product or solution of crude mixture, often obtained by means of adulteration


pengoplos

(informal) a person who manufacture attenuated or adulterated products

(informal, by extension) a person who makes moonshines


polisi syariah

From polisi (“police”) + syariah (“shari'a”).


polisi tidur

From polisi + tidur. Calque of English sleeping policeman.


korupsi

Affixed korup + -si, from Dutch corruptie (“corruption”), from Middle Dutch corruptie, from Old French corruption, from Latin corruptiō.


retret

rètrèt (canonical)
retret-retret (plural)

From Dutch retraite, from Old French retrait or retret, from Latin retractus, from retraho.

(Christianity) retreat, period of meditation, prayer, or study.


kadaster

kadastêr (canonical)
kadaster-kadaster (plural)

From Dutch kadaster (“cadastre”), from French cadastre (“cadastre”), from Occitan cathastre, from Italian catastro (modern catasto), from Venetan catastico, from Byzantine Greek κατάστιχον (katástikhon, “line by line”), from Ancient Greek στίχος (stíkhos, “line, row”).


perban

pêrban (canonical)
perban-perban (plural)

From Dutch verband (“bandage”), from Middle Dutch verbant.


fakultas

→ Tetum: fakultas

* Learned borrowing from Latin facultās. Doublet of fasilitas.
* Displaced, since 1954, earlier loanword fakulteit, fakultet and fakultit, from Dutch faculteit.

(education) faculty, division of a university.


peserta didik

Compound of peserta (“participant”) + didik (“to provide intellectual training”).

compound

pelajar

student in primary to senior high school

siswi

female student in preschool to senior high school

mahasiswi

female student enrolled in an institution of higher learning


dosen

From Dutch docent (“teacher, docent”), from Latin docēns, present participle of doceō (“to teach”).

(education) docent; lecturer, person who gives lectures (usually in a university, as opposed to a school teacher).


kedokteran

→ Minangkabau: kadotoran

Circumfix of dokter (“doctor; physician”) + ke- -an.

ilmu kedokteran
ilmu kedokteran#Indonesian

ellipsis of ilmu kedokteran (“the study of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease or illness”).

ilmu kedokteran

the profession and practice of physicians, including surgeons.


sekolah tinggi

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + tinggi (“high”), calque of Dutch hogeschool (“hogeschool, polytechnic, college”, literally “high school”).

calque

(education) hogeschool, college: mono-disciplinary higher education institution; a higher education institution of lower rank than a university.

sekolah tinggi keradjaan


kuliah

Inherited from Malay kuliah, from Arabic كُلِّيَّة (kulliyya).

higher education
higher education#English


penuntut

From Malay penuntut. Equivalent to peng- + tuntut (“to demand, to sue”).


sekolah menengah umum

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + umum (“general”), from
* Calque of Dutch algemene middelbare school of algemene (“common, general”) + middelbare (“secondary”) + school.
* Compare to Chinese 普通高中.

compound

(education, historical) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK), abbreviated SMU.


sekolah menengah pertama

id-noun

sekolah menengah pertama (plural sekolah-sekolah menengah pertama)

sekolah-sekolah menengah pertama (plural)

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + pertama (“first”), calque from Japanese 初等 (shotō, “beginner, primary”) + 中學校 (chūgakkō, “secondary (middle) school”). The post-war Japanese term is 中学校 (chūgakkō). Attested in Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah 2602 (1942).

compound

(education) junior high school (US), lower secondary school (UK), abbreviated SMP.


sekolah menengah kejuruan

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + kejuruan (“skill”). Comparable to Japanese 高等専修学校(こうとうせんしゅうがっこう) (kōtōsenshūgakkō, “upper secondary specialized training school”).

ja-r

こうとうせんしゅうがっこう

(education) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK) level (ISCED Level 3) vocational school, abbreviated SMK.


sekolah menengah atas

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + atas (“high”), from
* Calque from English upper + secondary school, or
* Calque from Japanese 高等 (kōtō, “higher”) + 中学校 (chūgakkō, “secondary (middle) school”). The post-war Japanese term is 高等学校 (kōtōgakkō). Doublet of sekolah menengah tinggi.
* Calque from Chinese 高級中學／高级中学 (gāojí zhōngxué, “senior high school”).

zh-l

(education) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK), abbreviated as SMA.


sekolah menengah

id-noun

sêkolah mênêngah (plural sekolah-sekolah menengah)

sêkolah mênêngah (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah menengah (plural)

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + menengah (“middle”), from Malay sekolah menengah, a calque of Dutch middelbare school (“high school”, literally “middle school”).

calque

(education) high school (US), secondary school (UK).


adab

From Malay adab, from Classical Malay [script needed] (adab), from Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab).


ongkos

From Dutch onkost (“expense”), from Middle Dutch oncost.


wicara

From Javanese ꦮꦶꦕꦫ (wicara), from Old Javanese wicāra, from Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”). Doublet of bicara and to talk.


syahbandar

→ Min Nan: 審萬達 /审万达 (sím-bān-ta̍t)

Compound of syah (“shah, king”) + bandar (“port, harbour”), from Persian شاهبندر (šâhbandar, “harbormaster”).

der

(nautical) harbormaster (US), harbourmaster (UK)


sekak

From Dutch schaak (“chess, check”), from Middle Dutch schaec, from Old French escac or directly from Medieval Latin scaccus, from Arabic شَاه (šāh), from Persian شاه (šâh, “king”).

(sports) chess, (a board game for two players)

(sports, chess) check (a situation in which the king is directly threatened by an opposing piece)


setrap

From Dutch straf (“punishment, penalty, sanction”).

bor

(colloquial, dialectal) punishment (at school)


brem

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦽꦩ꧀ (brem), from Old Javanese brĕm (“a kind of alcoholic drink”). Doublet of beram.

der

brem: traditional fermented food or fermented beverage made of rice wine.


syah

From Malay syah, from Classical Persian شاه (šāh, “shah”). Doublet of cek.

(archaic) king (a male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy)

(chess, obsolete) king (the principal chess piece)

shah (a king of Persia or Iran, or of the similar region)


prefektur

Borrowed from Dutch prefectuur, from Middle French préfecture, from Latin praefectūra.

prefecture (the office or position of a prefecture)

prefecture (the jurisdiction or region of a prefect)


waris

From Malay waris, from Arabic وَارِث (wāriṯ).


belalang

bêlalang (canonical)
belalang-belalang (plural)

From Malay belalang, from Classical Malay belalang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balalaŋ (“grasshopper, locust”). Doublet of walang.


setom

Borrowed from Dutch stoom, from Middle Dutch *stôom, from Old Dutch *stōm, from Proto-Germanic *staumaz.

(colloquial, rare) Synonym of uap (“steam”)


termoset

thermosetting plastic
thermosetting plastic

(chemistry) thermoset, thermosetting plastic


belut

From Malay belut (“eel”). Cognate with Javanese welut (“eel”).


sabu

ellipsis of sabu-sabu (“methamphetamine”).


birokrasi

From Dutch bureaucratie, from French bureaucratie.

bureaucracy (government by bureaus or their administrators or officers)

(figurative, colloquial) bureaucracy (excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour)


perisai

From Malay perisai, from Tamil பரிசை (paricai, “shield”).

a broad piece of defensive armor, held in hand, formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body.

(figurative) one who protects or defends.


bocah

From Malay bocah borrowing Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃ (bocah), from Old Javanese boñcah.


uskup

From Malay uskup, from Arabic أُسْقُف (ʔusquf, “bishop”), from Coptic ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (episkopos), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos). Doublet of biskop.


sinci

From Hokkien 神主 (sîn-chí, “spirit tablet, ancestral tablet”).

zh-l

spirit tablet; ancestral tablet (tablet with the name of an ancestor inscribed on it)


sumbu

fuse, fuze (for fireworks, cannon, explosives).


gancu

From Portuguese gancho, from Proto-Celtic *ganskyos (“branch, twig”). Doublet of ganco.


batara

From Malay batara, betara, from Classical Malay batara, betala, betara, from Sanskrit भट्टार (bhaṭṭāra, “revered, worshipful”). Doublet of berhala.


tawaran

From Malay tawaran. Equivalent to tawar + -an.


pensyarah

Affixed peng- + syarah, from Malay pensyarah.


pengarah

Affixed peng- + arah, from Malay pengarah.

director: one who directs; the person in charge of managing a department or directorate (e.g., director of engineering), project, or production (as in a show or film, e.g., film director).


penggawa

From Malay penggawa, from Classical Malay penggawa, from Sanskrit पुङ्गव (puṅgava, “hero; chief”).


persegi

pêrsêgi (canonical)
persegi-persegi (plural)

From Malay persegi, from Classical Malay persegi. Equivalent to per- + segi.

(geometry) square; a polygon with four sides of equal length and four right angles


penjaga

Affixed jaga + peng-, inherited from Malay penjaga.


kapita

From Dutch capita, from Latin capita, plural of caput (“head”).


penjagaan

From Malay penjagaan. Equivalent to jaga + peng- -an.

Penjagaan daerah pantai dilakukan oleh satuan polisi perairan.

Penjagaan tanaman itu dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh.

The conservation of that plant is done in earnest.


gandaria

inherited from Malay ݢنداريا (gandaria).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">gandaria</i>

(botany) gandaria, plum mango, mango plum (Bouea macrophylla).

lavender:

web lavender:

lavender: a pale bluish purple colour, like that of the lavender flower.

lavender blue:

lavender grey:


lahad

Inherited from Malay lahad, from Arabic لَحْد (laḥd).

(Islam) niche (cavity, hollow, or recess)


prahara

From Javanese prahara (ꦥꦿꦲꦫ, “storm; typhoon”), from Old Javanese prahāra (“stroke, blow, knock, gust, squall”), from Sanskrit प्रहार (prahāra, “attack, hit”).

bor

<i class="Java mention" lang="jv">ꦥꦿꦲꦫ</i>


ransum

From Dutch rantsoen (“ration”), from French ration, from Latin ratiōnem.

ration: a portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group.

diet: a controlled regimen of food and drink, as to gain or lose weight or otherwise influence health.


skorsing

suspension: temporary barring of a person from a workplace, society, etc. pending investigation into alleged misconduct; the process of barring a student from school grounds as a form of punishment.


inpassing

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch inpassing.


fatsun

From Dutch fatsoen (“decency”), from late Middle Dutch fatchoen, faetsoen, from Old French façon, from Latin factiōnem. Doublet of faksi and fesyen.


cultuurstelsel

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch cultuurstelsel (literally “cultivation system”), from Dutch cultuur (“culture”) + stelsel (“system”).

A Dutch East Indies government policy to allocate rural land for export crops from 1830 to c.1870.


stroberi

strobèri (canonical)
stroberi-stroberi (plural)

From English strawberry, from Middle English strawbery, strauberi, from Old English strēawberġe. Mostly replaced arbei.

The sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria.


sekolah laboratorium

Calque of English laboratory school, from sekolah (“school”) + laboratorium (“laboratory”).

compound

(education) laboratory school, an elementary or secondary school operated in association with a university, college, or other teacher education institution and used for the training of future teachers, educational experimentation, educational research, and professional development.


politeknik

From English polytechnic, from French polytechnique, from the École polytechnique, engineering school founded 1794 in Paris, from Greek πολύτεχνος (polýtechnos, “skilled in many arts”)," from πολύς "many" (see poly-) + τέχνη "art" (see technic).

der

polytechnic: a type of tertiary education institutions which specializes in applied sciences.


anfal

From Dutch aanval (“attack”), see cognate in German Anfall.

(medicine) attack: sudden onset of a disease, active episode of a chronic or recurrent disease.


tahun ajaran

Compound of tahun (“year”) + ajaran (“teaching”), literally "teaching year", calque of Dutch leerjaar (“teaching year”).


sekolah rakyat

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + rakyat (“people”), from calque from Japanese 國民學校(こくみんがっこう) (kokumingakkō, literally “people school”), from calque of German Volksschule (“primary school”, literally “people-school”). Cognate of Korean 국민학교 (gungminhakgyo).

calque

(education, obsolete) elementary school (US), primary school (UK)


sekolah dasar

id-noun

sêkolah dasar (plural sekolah-sekolah dasar)

sêkolah dasar (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah dasar (plural)

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + dasar (“base”), a calque of Dutch basisschool.


imamah

From Arabic إِمَامَة (ʔimāma). Doublet of imamat.


Nasrani

Inherited from Malay Nasrani, from Arabic نَصْرَانِيّ (naṣrāniyy, “Christian”).


Paskah

From Latin pascha (“Easter”), from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha, “Passover”), from Aramaic פסחא (paskha), from Hebrew פסח (pésakh).

(Christianity) Pascha, Passover, or Easter.


kebesaran

largeness (the property of being physically large)

bigness (the characteristic of being big)

greatness (the state, condition, or quality of being great)


biksu

From Malay biksu, from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”).

(Buddhism) bhikkhu, a Buddhist monk or priest; one who follows all Buddhist precepts as a full member of the sangha.


gerha

* From Malay gerha (“wife, queen consort”), from Sanskrit गृह (gṛha, “house, family, wife, assistant”). Doublet of graha, garwa, greha, and griya.
* For sense of house/building, learned borrowing from Old Javanese gerha, greha, from the same Sanskrit word.


eklips

From Dutch eclips (“eclipse”), from Old French eclipse, from Latin eclīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔκλειψις (ékleipsis, “eclipse”), from ἐκλείπω (ekleípō, “I abandon, go missing, vanish”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) and λείπω (leípō, “I leave behind”).

der

(rare, astronomy) eclipse, passage of a planetary object between others.


kartika

From Sanskrit कृत्तिका (kṛttikā, “Pleiades”); see कार्त्तिकेय (kārttikeya).


gerhana

From Malay gerhana, from Sanskrit ग्रहण (grahaṇa, “eclipse”).

(astronomy) eclipse, passage of a planetary object between others.


graha

From Javanese graha (ꦒꦿꦲ), from Old Javanese gerha, greha, from Sanskrit गृह (gṛha, “house”). Doublet of gerha, greha, and griya.


graha

From Sanskrit ग्रह (graha, “crocodile”, literally “seizing, holding, catching, receiving”).


insinyur

→ Malay: insinyur

From Malay insinyur, Dutch ingenieur (“engineer”), from Middle French ingénieur, from modified, based on the verb ingénier, from Old French engigneor, itself from engin or from Medieval Latin ingeniator or ingeniārius (“one who makes or uses an engine”), from Latin ingenium (“an engine”), from in (“in”) + gignō, gignere (“to produce, cause”). Doublet of enjin, genius, and zeni.

(historical) holder of Insinyur collegiate degree, equivalent to Bachelor of Engineering

holder of the Insinyur degree
holder of Insinyur professional degree

engineer, a person who is qualified or professionally engaged in any branch of engineering.


perempatan

Affixed empat + per- -an, from Malay perempatan, from Javanese prapatan.


empat mata

* Compound of empat (“four”) + mata (“eye”)
* Calque of Dutch onder vier ogen (“in private”, literally “under four eyes”). The same phrase is used in German unter vier Augen, Danish under fire øjne, and Icelandic undir fjögur augu.


persimpangan

Affixed simpang + per- -an, from Malay persimpangan.


dading

From Dutch dading, from Middle Dutch dāghedinc, dādinc, dāghedinghe or dādinghe. Re-analysed in Dutch dag (“day”) + geding (“lawsuit”).

settlement agreement
settlement agreement#English

(law) out-of-court settlement agreement.


warga negara

id-noun

warga negara (plural warga-warga negara)

Compound of warga (“member”) + negara (“country”). Calque of Dutch staatsburger.


anggota

From Malay anggota, anggauta, from Classical Malay اڠڬوتا (anggota), اڠڬاوتا (anggauta), from Prakrit [Term?] (aṅga + *𑀳𑀼𑀢 (*huta)), from Sanskrit अङ्ग (aṅga, “member, a limb”) + भूत (bhūta, “person”, literally “living being”). Compare to Sanskrit अङ्गभूत (aṅgabhūta, “built-in”).

cog

(colloquial) a member of legislative, army or police


seprei

(nonstandard) Alternative form of seprai.


mintakat

From Malay mintakat, from Arabic مِنْطَقَة (minṭaqa).

(rare, geology, agroforestry, marine science, preservation) Synonym of zona (“zone”)

marine science; preservation; marine science; preservation


harapan

Affixed harap + -an, inherited from Malay harapan.

expectation: that which is expected or looked for.


weru

white siris, karoi tree (Albizia procera)


panti asuhan

A residential institution for the care and protection of orphans; orphanage.


tempat kejadian perkara

Compound of tempat (“place”) + kejadian (“incident; occurence”) + perkara (“problem; crime; affair”). Compare to Japanese 犯行現場(はんこうげんば) (hankōgenba, “crime scene”).

ja-r

Verslag, jang dimaksoedkan dalam lid (2) dari ini artikel, haroes menjeboetkan, dakwa itoe ditoentoet perkara apa, dengan diterangkan sekali tempo dan tempat kedjadian perkara, serta segala hal-ichwalnja, lagi poela nama dan tempat tinggalnja dakwa dan saksi-saksi, atoerannja mereka itoe dengan singkat dan lain-lain apa sadja, jang dianggap periloe goena menimbang itoe perkara.


jalan pintas

id-noun

jalan pintas (plural jalan-jalan pintas)

A path between two points that is faster than the commonly used paths; shortcut.


basis data

Compound of basis (“base”) + data (“data”), calque of English database.


lobak

From Malay lobak, from Late Classical Malay lobak, from Cantonese 蘿蔔／萝卜 (lo⁴ baak⁶, “radish”).


bacaan

(uncountable) the process of interpreting written language

(uncountable) the process of interpreting a symbol, a sign or a measuring device

(linguistics) a pronunciation associated with a particular character or word; particularly in East Asian scripts

reading
something to read; reading material

reading material (anything produced for the purpose of being read; a collective term for books, magazines, newspapers, etc.)


abiseka

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧꦶꦱꦺꦏ (abiséka), from Old Javanese abhiṣeka, from Sanskrit अभिषेक (abhiṣeka, “sprinkling, watering, wetting; anointing, inaugurating or consecrating by sprinkling water; coronation, inauguration, installation; etc.”); compare Pali abhiseka (“anointing, consecration, inauguration”).

cog

(Hinduism) ceremony of watering, related to coronation, inauguration, installation; etc.


pasraman

Reconstructed as asrama + peng- -an, from Javanese pasraman (ꦥꦱꦿꦩꦤ꧀ (pasraman), “monastery, hermitage”), from Old Javanese pāśraman (“hermitage”). Cognate of Balinese pasrama (“boarding-house”).


macam

type; kind (a grouping based on shared characteristics)

(rare) way (a method or manner of doing something; a mannerism)


indra

From Sanskrit इन्द्रिय (indriya, “sense”). Compare to Standard Malay deria.

sense, any of the manners by which living beings perceive the physical world.


aswa

From Sanskrit अश्व (aśva, “horse”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”).


surya

From Malay suria, from Sanskrit सूर्य (sūrya). Spelling influenced by Balinese ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya), Javanese ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya).


kembang api

Compound of kembang (“flower”) + api (“fire”), literally “fire flower”, from
* Calque from Chinese 花火 (“fireworks”, literally “flower fire”) or
* Calque from Japanese 花火(はなび) (hanabi, “fireworks”, literally “flower fire”).


bunga api

Compound of bunga (“flower”) + api (“fire”), probably from
* calque from Chinese 火花 (huǒhuā, “spark”, literally “fire + flower”) or
* calque from Japanese 火花(ひばな) (hibana, “spark”, literally “fire + flower”).


pertiwi

From Malay pertiwi,
from Classical Malay ڤرتيوي (pertiwi), from Sanskrit पृथिवी (pṛthivī).


antariksa

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अन्तरिक्ष (antarikṣa, “space”).

lbor

outer space, area beyond atmosphere of planets.


akhiran

* From Malay akhiran, from Classical Malay اخيران (akhiran, “finish”). Equivalent to akhir + -an.
* The sense “suffix” is a semantic loan from English suffix.

inh

menutup doa dengan akhiran yang sesuai dengan permohonan

Closing the prayer with an ending that is suitable with your request.

ending (of an event, movie, ceremony, class, etc.)


awalan

(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning.

(telecommunications) A set of digits placed before a telephone number, to indicate where the number is based, what type of phone number it is.


kebaikan

Inherited from Malay kebaikan. Equivalent to baik + ke- -an.

(uncountable) the state or characteristic of being good

(countable) the good, nutritional, healthy part or content of something

kindness
(uncountable) the state of being kind

(countable) an instance of kind or charitable behaviour


rasuah

Borrowed from Malay rasuah (“bribe”), from Arabic رشوة (rašwa, “bribe”). Doublet of rasywah.


anumerta

From Sanskrit अनु- (anu-, “after”) + मृत (mṛta, “death”).


kompatriot

From English compatriot, from French compatriote, from Latin cum (“with”) + patria (“homeland”).

compatriot: somebody from one's own country.


sasana

From Pali sāsana (“teaching, order”), from Sanskrit शासन (śāsana, “order, edict, command; a shastra, scripture; government, ruling”).


sasana

From Javanese ꦱꦱꦤ (sasana, “location, place”), from Old Javanese sana, āsana (“sitting; seat; dwelling; posture”), from Sanskrit आसन (āsana, “seat, chair”). Doublet of asana.


tempat tidur

id-noun

tempat tidur (plural tempat-tempat tidur)

Comparable to Japanese 寝床(ねどこ) (nedoko, “bed”, literally “sleeping place”) and Dutch slaapplaats.


pergelangan kaki

id-noun

pergelangan kaki (plural pergelangan-pergelangan kaki)


punggung

From Malay punggung. Cognate with Acehnese punggông and Sundanese tonggong.


pergelangan tangan

pergelangan tangan (plural pergelangan-pergelangan tangan)


puji

From Malay puji, from Sanskrit पूजा (pūjā). Doublet of puja.


adikara

From Malay adikara, from Classical Malay اديقارا (adikara), from Sanskrit अधिकार (adhikāra).


bahasa baku

head

bahasa baku (plural bahasa-bahasa baku, first-person possessive bahasa bakuku, second-person possessive bahasa bakumu, third-person possessive bahasa bakunya)

bahasa-bahasa baku (plural)
bahasa baku ku (first-person possessive)
bahasa baku mu (possessive second-person)
bahasa baku nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + baku (“standard”), calque of Dutch standaardtaal (“standard language”).

clq

Bahasa baku itu dianggap lebih baik daripada ragam bahasa yang lain.

It is assumed that the standard register is better than other language varieties.

Bahasa baku mendukung empat fungsi.

Standard language supports four functions.

Nadin menjelaskan bahwa dirinya kerap menggunakan bahasa baku dalam berbicara sehari-hari.

Nadin told that she usually uses the standard register in her day-to-day speech.

standard language
standard language#English

(sociolinguistics) standard language: A form of a language that is institutionally promoted, regarded as the most "correct" or neutral variety; used by a population for public and formal purposes.


langit-langit

/ˈlä.ŋɪt̪̚ ˈlä.ŋɪt̪̚/

Reduplication of langit (“sky”), from Malay langit-langit.


tunang

Inherited from Malay tunang (“fiance”), from Javanese ꦠꦸꦤꦁ (tunang, “fiancé(e)”).


tunang

(zoology) bluntnose snake eel (Ophichthus apicalis).


penyimpanan

penyimpan berkas


penyimpan

From Malay penyimpan, from Classical Malay penyimpan. Equivalent to
peng- + simpan.

Tempat penyimpanan uang


KK

kartu keluarga
kartu keluarga#Indonesian


singgasana

From Malay singgahsana (“throne”), from Sanskrit सिंहासन (siṃhāsana, “throne”, literally “the lion's seat”). Equal to singa + asana.


asmara

From Malay asmara, from Old Javanese asmara, smara (“love, god of love”), from Sanskrit स्मर (smara, “remembering, recollecting”).


aniaya

From Malay aniaya, from Classical Malay انياي (aniaya), from Sanskrit अन्याय (anyāya).


butun

From Malay butun, from Classical Malay بوتون (butun), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butun.

Barringtonia asiatica
Barringtonia asiatica#Translingual


anugerah

anugêrah (canonical)
anugerah-anugerah (plural)

From Malay anugerah, from Sanskrit अनुग्रह (anugraha, “favour”).

menganugerahkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menganugerahi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

Anugerah Musik Indonesia


sinden

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦤ꧀ (sindhèn), from Old Javanese siṇḍyan (“allusion”).


baiduri

From Malay baiduri (“opal”), from Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya).


bejana

bêjana (canonical)
bejana-bejana (plural)

From Malay bejana, from Pali bhājana, from Sanskrit भाजन (bhājana). Doublet of bajan and wajan.


elektrokardiograf

élèktrokardiograf (canonical)
elektrokardiograf-elektrokardiograf (plural)

Internationalism, from Dutch elektrocardiograaf. Analyzed as elektro- + kardio- + -graf.


bahtera

From Malay bahtera, from Classical Malay bahtera (“large boat”), from Sanskrit वहित्र (vahitra, “boat, vessel”).

der

Bahtera Nuh


bakti

From Malay bakti, from Old Malay bhakti, from Sanskrit भक्ति (bhakti).


isolek

(linguistics) isolect, idiom (neutral term between ‘language’ and ‘dialect’)


bausastra

From Javanese ꦧꦲꦸꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (bausastra, “dictionary”), from Old Javanese bahuśāstra (“knowing many books or sciences”), from Sanskrit बहु (bahu, “great”) + शास्त्र (śāstra, “scripture”). Reconstructed as bahu + sastra.


bendahara

bêndahara (canonical)
bendahara-bendahara (plural)

From Malay bendahara, from Hindi भंडार (bhaṇḍār), भंडारा (bhaṇḍārā), or another New Indo-Aryan language, with metathesis from earlier *behendara, from Prakrit bhaṁḍāāra, bhaṁḍāgāra, from Sanskrit भाण्डागार (bhāṇḍāgāra, “treasury”), from भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa) + आगार (āgāra). Doublet of bendahara, bendahari, bendara, bendari, bendoro, and bentara.

compound

भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa) + आगार (āgāra)


berida

From Malay berida (“old”), from Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha, “old”). Doublet of wreda.


persaingan

competition
(uncountable) the action of competing

(countable) a contest for a prize or award

competition
a contest for a prize or award


peraturan

Affixed atur + per- -an, inherited from Malay peraturan, from Classical Malay peraturan. Semantic loan from Dutch reglement for legal regulation sense.

(law) regulation: a type of law made by the executive branch of a government, usually as authorized by a statute made by the legislative branch giving the executive the authority to do so.


penenggelaman

the act of immersing, immersion, submergence, submersion


purbakala

From Malay purbakala, from Sanskrit पूर्वकाल (pūrvakāla, “former or previous time”), equivalent to purba- + kala.


peminat

a person who is interested (in), enthusiast


pelaku

pêlaku (canonical)
pelaku-pelaku (plural)

Affixed per- + laku. The sense of crime is a semantic loan from Dutch dader.

actor: A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer.

Pelaku penembakan masal telah diamankan.

The suspect of the mass shooting has been apprehended.

(law enforcement) suspect, culprit, perpetrator

(sociology) an individual engaging with the social structure.

(philosophy) agent performs for a purpose, that is guided by the person's intention.


bintara

From Sanskrit आभ्यन्तरः (ābhyantaraḥ, “interior officer”).

non-commissioned officer
non-commissioned officer


bayangkara

From Malay bayangkara (“guard”), from Sanskrit भयङ्कर (bhayaṅkara, “fearful, falcon, owl”). Doublet of bhayangkara.


bhayangkara

Unadapted borrowing from Sanskrit भयङ्कर (bhayaṅkara, “fearful, falcon, owl”). Doublet of bayangkara.


remedi

rèmêdi (canonical)
remedi-remedi (plural)

Ultimately from Latin remedium.
* Via English remedy, from Middle English remedie, from Old French *remedie, remede.
* Via Dutch remedie, from Middle Dutch remedie, perhaps via Old French remedie.

(medicine) a medicine, application, or treatment that relieves or cures a disease.

(education) something that corrects or improve deficient skills in some subject.


papan tulis

Compound of papan (“board”) + tulis (“to write”).


kemutlakan

Kepala Bandara Husein Sastra Negara Mulya Abdi menyatakan, Bandara Husein sebenarnya sudah memenuhi standar untuk melayani penumpang internasional. Karena itu, peralatan X-Ray sudah menjadi sebuah kemutlakan. Sejauh ini, pihaknya telah melakukan pengaasan ketat, dengan memakai peralatan serupa milik Angkasa Pura.

2009 July 28, “Bandara Husein Bandung Rawan Penyelundupan”, in Tempo:

Head of Husein Sastra Negara Airport, Mulya Abdi, stated that Husein Airport actually meets the standards for serving international passengers. Therefore, X-Ray equipment has become absolute. So far, his party has carried out strict supervision, using equipment similar to Angkasa Pura's.


tuan rumah

tuan (“lord, master”) + rumah (“house”), from Malay toean rumah (“house owner”). The sense “host” is a semantic loan from English host.

Tuan rumah yang baik akan selalu menjamu tamu-tamunya.

A good host will always serve his/her guests.

One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.

One that provides a facility for an event.

A person or organization responsible for running an event


sikat gigi

Compound of sikat (“brush”) + gigi (“teeth”), calque of Dutch tandenborstel (“toothbrush”).


butala

From Malay butala (“earth”), from Classical Malay butala, from Sanskrit भूतल (bhūtala, “earth”).


bujangga

From Malay bujangga, from Classical Malay bujangga, from Javanese bujangga, from Old Javanese bhujangga.
* A possible corruption of Sanskrit पूजाङ्ग (pūjāṅga) from पूजा (pūjā) + अङ्ग (aṅga); doublet of pujangga.
* A possible corruption of Old Javanese bujaṅ, wujaṅ (“young (unmarried) person”); doublet of bujang. According to van der Kroef (1950), this was happened due to Sanskritization of the Javanese court.

compound

पूजा (pūjā) + अङ्ग (aṅga)


bukti

From Malay bukti, from Sanskrit भुक्ति (bhukti, “possession”), व्यक्त (vyakta, “evident”), युक्त (yukta, “proper”). Cognate in Old Javanese byakta, wyakti. The term is used for translation on semantic loan from Dutch bewijs in law terms.


kebanyakan

From Malay kebanyakan, from Classical Malay kebanyakan (“most”), equivalent to banyak + ke- -an.


busana

From Malay busana, from Sanskrit भूषण (bhūṣaṇa, “ornament”).


budiman

From Malay budiman, from Sanskrit बुद्धिमान (buddhimāna, “intelligent; wise”).


panci

From Dutch pannetje, from pan, from Middle Dutch panne, from Old Dutch *panna, from Latin panna, contraction of patina.


penumpang

From Malay penumpang,
from Classical Malay penumpang (“lodger”). Equivalent to
peng- + tumpang.


kendara

From Malay kendera, kendara, from Classical Malay کندرا (kendera), کندرا (kendara),
* Equivalent to ke- (“towards to”) + edar (“to turn”) + -in- (“continuous”). Compare to Old Javanese indra, indĕr, idĕr (“to wander; to turn around”).

cog

vehicle, a conveyance; a device for carrying or transporting substances, objects or individuals.


kemudi

Borrowed from Old Javanese ꦏꦩꦸḍꦆ (kamuḍi).

bor+

steering (equipment used to control direction; something used to steer)


mustahik

From Arabic مُسْتَحِقّ (mustaḥiqq, “deserving; one who deserves”), from the active participle of اِسْتَحَقَّ (istaḥaqqa).


tepi

rim: an edge around something, especially when circular.

side: a bounding straight edge of a two-dimensional shape.

bank, shore (of watercourse, body of water)

the line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions.

a decorative strip around the edge of something

periphery: the outside boundary, parts or surface of something.


bagai

Inherited from Malay bagai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type; fitting; well-matched; suitable”).


perkara

From Malay perkara, from Sanskrit प्रकार (prakāra, “manner”).


keranda

Inherited from Malay keranda (“coffin”), from Pali karaṇḍa (“basket”), from Sanskrit करण्ड (karaṇḍa, “basket”).

bier (a litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)


lahan

From Javanese lahan (ꦭꦲꦤ꧀, “unplanted area”), laha (“empty, quiet”).


lahan

From Malay lahan, from Classical Malay lahan, from Arabic لَحْن (laḥn).


malversatie

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch malversatie (“malversation”), from Middle French malversation.


asam cuka

→ Javanese: ꦲꦱꦼꦩ꧀ꦕꦸꦏ (asem cuka)

Compound of asam (“acid”) + cuka (“vinegar”).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) acetic acid


asam asetat

→ Javanese: ꦲꦱꦼꦩ꧀ꦲꦱꦺꦠꦠ꧀ (asem asétat)


hidrogen asetat

id-noun

hidrogèn asétat (plural hidrogen-hidrogen asetat)

hidrogèn asétat (canonical)
hidrogen-hidrogen asetat (plural)


asam amino

Compound of asam + amino, calque of Dutch aminozuur, from German Aminosäure.


alih aksara

Compound alih (“trans-”) + aksara (“writing system, letter”), calque of English transliteration.

compound

transliteration: the act or product of transliterating, of representing letters or words in the characters of another alphabet or script.


alih bahasa

From alih (“trans-”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of English translation.

translation: the conversion of text from one language to another.


serikat

sêrikat (canonical)
serikat-serikat (plural)

From Malay serikat, from Classical Malay شريكت (syarikat), سريكت (serikat), from Arabic شَرِكَة (šarika). Doublet of syarikat.

Amerika Serikat

United States of America (literally, “The Union of America”)


cakram

From Sanskrit चक्रम् (cakram), the singular declension of Sanskrit चक्र (cakra), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos. Doublet of cakra and siklus.


ketertiban

Affixed tertib + ke- -an. Translation of Japanese 規律(きりつ) (kiritsu, “discipline, order; regulation, rule”), see kiritu.


kamerad

kamêrad (canonical)
kamerad-kamerad (plural)

From Dutch kameraad, from French camarade, from Spanish camarada or Italian camerata, from Medieval Latin *camarata, from Latin camara, camera (“a chamber”). Doublet of kamar and kamera.

comrade (a mate, companion, or associate)

(communism) comrade (a fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person)

a non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist or socialist state.


PPA

(healthcare, insurance) Acronym of profesional pemberi asuhan (“care provider professional”).


cakrawala

From Malay cakerawala, from Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla).


persada

pêrsada (canonical)
persada-persada (plural)

From Malay persada, from Sanskrit प्रासाद (prāsāda, “palace”). Doublet of prasada.


cakrawati

From Malay cakerawati, from Pali cakkavatti, from Sanskrit चक्रवत् (cakravat, “oilman, emperor, name of Viṣṇu”), चक्रवर्तिन् (cakravartin, “world-ruler”, literally “wheel-turner”).

der

Synonym of kepala negara (“head of state”)


prasada

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦱꦢ (prasada, “candi, building, palace”), from Old Javanese prāsāda (“lofty building, temple”), from Sanskrit प्रासाद (prāsāda, “palace”). Doublet of persada.


cempaka

cêmpaka (canonical)
cempaka-cempaka (plural)

From Malay cempaka, from Sanskrit चम्पक (campaka).

Magnolia champaca
Magnolia champaca#Translingual


cenangga

From Sanskrit छिन्न (chinna, “broken, chopped, destroyed, exhausted”) + अङ्ग (aṅga, “body”).


cenderasa

From Malay cenderasa (“magical sword”), from Sanskrit चन्द्रहास (candrahāsa, “name of the Ravana sword”, literally “the laughter of the moon”).


cengkerama

From Malay cengkerama, from Sanskrit चङ्क्रम (caṅkrama, “going, moving, walking”).


cengkerawak

From Malay cengkerawak, from Sanskrit चक्रवाक (cakravāka, “ruddy goose”).

Trachycomus zeylanicus, Pycnonotus zeylanicus.


cenderawasih

cêndêrawasih (canonical)
cenderawasih-cenderawasih (plural)

From Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra, “moon, glittering, shinning”) + वाशी (vāśī, “roar, cry”).


cipta

From Malay cipta, cita, from Javanese [Term?], from Pali citta, from Sanskrit चित्त (citta). Doublet of cita.


daitia

From Sanskrit दैत्य (daitya, “demon, liquor”, literally “son of Diti”). Cognate of Balinese ᬤᬿᬢ᭄ᬬ (“giant”).


sanksi

From Dutch sanctie (“sanction”), from French sanction, from Middle French [Term?], from Latin sānctiō.


derita

From Malay derita, from Sanskrit दरित (darita, “torn”).


dadih

From Malay dadih (“curd”), from Sanskrit दधि (dadhi, “coagulated milk, thick and sour milk”).


curiga

From Malay curiga, from Sanskrit छुरिका (churikā, “knive”).
* Hoogervorst (2007) propose semantic loan from Old Javanese culika, which based on Sanskrit क्षुल्लक (kṣullaka, “wicked, vile”).


angsana

From Malay angsana, from Sanskrit असन (asana). Doublet of asana.

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual


kursus

From Dutch cursus (“course”), from Latin cursus. Doublet of kurs.


kuwu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦸꦮꦸ (kuwu, “village head, village messenger; to camp”), from Old Javanese kuwu (“dwelling, housing, quarter, lodging; encampment, tent; residence; administrative division under a kuwu, akuwu; leader of such administrative division”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kubu (“field hut in the rice fields”). Doublet of kubu.


digdaya

From Sanskrit दिग्जय (digjaya, “conquest of all directions”).


satuan

From Malay satuan. Equivalent to satu + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch eenheid for science sense.

(sciences) a standard measure of a quantity.

an organized group comprising people and/or equipment.


konsistori

From Dutch consistorie, from Late Latin consistorium (“waiting room, meeting place of the imperial council”).

consistory,
(Christianity) church council.

(Catholicism) an assembly of prelates; a session of the college of cardinals at Rome.


kehausan

The condition producing the sensation of thirst.


gembok

induk kunci (“mangga”)


lansia

Blend of lanjut (“proceed”) + usia (“age”)


supir

informal spelling of sopir (“chauffeur; driver”).


paspor

From Dutch paspoort, from Middle Dutch passepoort, from Middle French passeport.


jasad

From Malay jasad, from Arabic جَسَد (jasad, “body; corpse”).


Armeni

(obsolete) A person from Armenia or of Armenian descent; Armenian.


jemaah

jêmaah (canonical)
jemaah-jemaah (plural)

From Malay jemaah, from Arabic جَمَاعَة (jamāʕa). Doublet of jemaat.


tempayan

Inherited from Malay tempayan, nasalization of tapaian. Equivalent to tapai + -an.

large, wide-mouthed earthenware or stoneware jar


dikotomi

Borrowed from Dutch dichotomie, from French dichotomie, from Ancient Greek διχοτομία (dikhotomía).


jintan

From Malay jintan, from Old Javanese jinten ~ ginten, from Hindi जीरा (jīrā, “cumin”), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀻𑀭𑀕 (jīraga), from Sanskrit जीरक (jīraka).


tutur

Inherited from Malay tutur, from Proto-Malayic *tutur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutur (“to speak clearly and deliberately”).

inh

(uncountable) the ability to speak; the faculty of uttering words or articulate sounds and vocalizations to communicate

(uncountable) the act of speaking, a certain style of it

(linguistics) parole: language in use, as opposed to language as a system.


cetiya

Learned borrowing from Pali cetiya, from Sanskrit चैत्य (caitya).

(Buddhism) cetiya: places used by Buddhists to remember Gautama Buddha.


donasi

From Dutch donatie (“donation”), from Middle French donation, from Latin dōnātiōnem, accusative singular of dōnātiō.


takal

From Dutch takel, from Middle Dutch takel.


pendahuluan

pêndahuluan (canonical)
pendahuluan-pendahuluan (plural)

Affixed dahulu + peng- -an, Inherited from Malay pendahuluan.

foreword: an introductory section preceding the main text of a book or other document; a preface or introduction, especially written by publisher or editor.

preface: the beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, especially written by the author.

introduction: an initial section of a book or article, which introduces the subject material.

prelude: an introductory or preliminary performance or event.


makhluk halus

makhluk (“creature, being”) + halus (“invisible”)


makhluk

From Malay makhluk, from Arabic مَخْلُوق (maḵlūq, “creature”).


peran

beam connecting the posts of the house above, on which the rafters rest.


tembikai

têmbikai (canonical)
tembikai-tembikai (plural)

From Malay tembikai, metathesis of mendikai, borrowed from Tamil கொம்மட்டிக்காய் (kommaṭṭikkāy), related to கொம்மட்டி (kommaṭṭi). Mostly replaced by semangka.

bor

கொம்மட்டிக்காய்

Tamil கொம்மட்டிக்காய் (kommaṭṭikkāy)


gaung

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="id">gaung</i>

a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

an utterance repeating what has just been said.

(computing) the displaying on the command line of the command that has just been executed.


toksikologi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch toxicologie (compare Afrikaans toksikologie), from French toxicologie.

toxicology: The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.


lintasan

(Standard Malay)

(biochemistry) A sequence of biochemical compounds, and the reactions linking them, that describe a process in metabolism or catabolism.


demosi

Borrowed from Dutch demotie (“demotion”), from English demotion.


jalan buntu

(literal) dead end, cul-de-sac, blind alley.


kuldesak

kuldêsak (canonical)
kuldesak-kuldesak (plural)


jalanan

a paved part of road, usually in a village or a town

a road as above, but including the sidewalks (pavements) and buildings


lawazim

From Arabic لَوَازِم (lawāzim), plural form of لَازِم (lāzim). Doublet of lazim.


lekum

From Malay lekum (“throat”), a variant of halkum, from Arabic حُلْقُوم (ḥulqūm, “throat; windpipe; esophagus”). Doublet of jakun.


didong

(colloquial) white man, especially European


nasib

From Malay nasib, from Classical Malay nasib, from Arabic نَصِيب (naṣīb). Cognate with Hindi नसीब (nasīb).


aliansi

From Dutch alliantie (“alliance”), from Middle Dutch alliancie, from Middle French alliance, from Old French aliance. Cognate of French alliance.


kematian

the cessation of life and all associated processes; the end of an organism's existence as an entity independent from its environment and its return to an inert, nonliving state


jelita

From Sanskrit ललित (lalita) or ज्वलित (jvalita, “shining, blazing”).


uang muka

Compound of uang (“money”) + muka (“face, front”), calque from Hokkien 前金 (chêng-kim, chiân-kim, “advance/initial payment”, literally “front + money”).


semuanya

Third-person singular possessive form of semua.


trayek

From Dutch traject, from Latin trājectus, from trājicēre.


tampang

(archaic) centerline, diameter, midline.


gelita

From Malay gelita (“dark”), from Sanskrit गलित (galita, “waning, lost, perished”).


gaharu

From Malay gaharu (“agarwood”), from Pali agaru (“agarwood”), from Sanskrit अगुरु (aguru, “agarwood”).


gulana

From Malay gulana, from Sanskrit ग्लान (glāna, “wearied”). Doublet of gelana.


prabu

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦧꦸ (prabu), from Old Javanese prabhu, from Sanskrit प्रभु (prabhu).


irama

From Malay irama (“rhythm”), from Javanese [Term?], from Sanskrit विराम (virāma).


galuh

From Malay galuh,
from Classical Malay galuh, from Sanskrit गलू (galū, “gem”).


usia

From Malay usia, from Classical Malay usia, from Sanskrit आयुष्य (āyuṣya, “life, lifespan”).


jerami

jêrami (canonical)
jerami-jerami (plural)

Inherited from Malay jerami, from Classical Malay جرامي (jĕrami), from Proto-Malayic *jaramiʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀami, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀami (“rice straw”).


rahmat

From Malay rahmat, from Arabic رَحْمَة (raḥma).


bidak

From Malay bidak, from Arabic بَيْدَق (baydaq, “pawn in chess”). Doublet of piadah.


FIP

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu pendidikan.


gebetan

Borrowed from Betawi gèbètan (“girlfriend or boyfriend”). Equivalent to gebet + -an.

bor+

Dia sudah punya gebetan

(colloquial) Crush. An infatuation with somebody one is not dating.


MBO

mati batang otak
mati batang otak#Indonesian

(neurology) Initialism of mati batang otak (“brainstem death”).


seseorang

someone (a partially specified but unnamed person)


penidur

(informal) sleepyhead (a sleepy person; a person who likes or falls asleep easily)


ketiduran

tidur + ke- -an (“abstract noun-forming circumfix”).

af

(obsolete) synonym of tempat tidur (“bed; bedroom”)


tanah air

A dvandva compound of tanah (“land”) + air (“water”), literally “land (and) water”, from Malay tanah air. A similar conjoining pattern can be found with palu arit.


KU

(healthcare) Initialism of keadaan umum (“general appearance”).

(healthcare) Initialism of kondisi umum (“general appearance”).


preman

prèman (canonical)
preman-preman (plural)

→ English: preman


penjual

From Malay penjual,
from Classical Malay penjual. Equivalent to peng- + jual.


pemberontakan

Affixed berontak + peng- -an, from Malay pemberontakan.

mutiny, rebellion, insurgence, insurrection, uprising, revolt


filsafat

From Arabic فَلْسَفَات (falsafāt), plural of فَلْسَفَة (falsafa). First vowel changed influenced by filosofi.

philosophy (view regarding fundamental principles)


lampiran

Affixed lampir + -an, from Malay lampiran (“appendix”).
* Semantic loan from English attachment for computer sense.

Map lamaran beserta lampiran dimasukkan ke dalam amplop warna coklat.

the means by which something is physically attached.

Gambar peniti kecil di samping status email menunjukkan masih ada lampiran yang belum Anda buka loh!

Jika Anda tidak mengenal orang yang mengirimi Anda lampiran dalam emailnya, jangan buka lampiran tersebut.

(computing) a file sent along with an email.

attachment
a file sent along with an email.

Denah dan tata ruang gedung secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat pada lampiran analisis kelayakan ini.

appendix: a text added to the end of a book or an article, containing additional information.

Portofolio merupakan lampiran dari rapor.

supplementary, ancillary, secondary, supplement.


lemari es

lêmari ès (canonical)
lemari-lemari es (plural)

From compound of lemari + es, from calque of Dutch ijskast (“refrigerator”, literally “ice cupboard”). Cognate of Indonesian eskas and peti es.


pengalaman

pêngalaman (canonical)
pengalaman-pengalaman (plural)

alam + peng- -an, from Malay pengalaman.


perlembagaan

Affixed lembaga + per- -an, from Malay perlembagaan.

(archaic, law) constitution: the formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.


seni bina

Compound of seni (“art”) + bina (“develop”), inherited from Malay seni bina (“architecture”), probably calque of Dutch bouwstijl (“architecture”, literally “style, fashion of building”).


buku pelajaran

id-noun

buku pelajaran (plural buku-buku pelajaran)

Compound buku (“book”) + pelajaran (“lesson”), calque from Dutch studieboek or leerboek.


ujian

Affixed uji + -an, inherited from Malay ujian.

(education) examination: A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester.


emban

Affixed heban (“to grab with both hands”) + -em-, from Malay emban, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həban, from Proto-Austronesian *SəbaN (“carry a child with a carrying cloth”).
* The sense of nursemaid is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ (emban, “nursemaid”), cf. Old Javanese ĕmban, hĕmban (“that which carries or encloses; assistant and guardian”), more likely have same source as Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həban with infix -em-.


gejala

gêjala (canonical)
gejala-gejala (plural)

phenomena, phenomenon: a thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses.


karunia

From Malay karunia, from Classical Malay karunia (“grace”), from Sanskrit कारुण्य (kāruṇya, “compassion”).


jelma

From infix-ed form *jamma + -el-, from Prakrit 𑀚𑀫𑁆𑀫 (jamma), from Sanskrit जन्म (janma). Compare to Balinese ᬚᭂᬍᬫ (jelema, “people, human”).


karsa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦂꦱ (karsa, “intention”), from Old Javanese karsa, kaharṣa (“desire, wish; desired”).


jelata

* From Sanskrit जनता (janatā, “people, folk, generation”).
* After infixed by *jata + -el-, from Sanskrit जात (jāta, “birth, origin, race”). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jati.


aktivisme

aktivismê (canonical)
aktivisme-aktivisme (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch activisme (“activism”). Reconstructed as aktif + -isme.


jentera

jêntêra (canonical)
jentera-jentera (plural)

Inherited from Malay jentera, from Sanskrit यन्त्र (yantra).


zat arang

Compound word of zat (“matter”) + arang (“coal”), from calque of Dutch koolstof (“carbon”, literally “coal matter”).


zat asam

Compound of zat + asam (“acid”), calque of Dutch zuurstof (“oxygen”, literally “acid matter”).


zat asam

Semantic loan from English acidic substance with compound zat (“substance”) + asam (“acid”).


nestapa

nêstapa (canonical)
nestapa-nestapa (plural)

From Malay nestapa, from Old Javanese nastapa, manastāpa (Javanese ꦤꦱ꧀ꦠꦥ (nastapa)), from Sanskrit मनस्ताप (manastāpa, “anguish, repentance”).


laksana

Inherited from Malay laksana, from Sanskrit लक्षण (lakṣaṇa, “characteristic, trait”).
* The senses of action, doing, performing are semantic loan from Old Javanese lakṣaṇa (“action, doing”), from the same Sanskrit word.

sl

(archaeology) the characteristic of a statue.


krida

From Javanese ꦏꦿꦶꦝ (kridha, “pleasure, amusement; practice, training”), from Old Javanese krīḍā (“sport, play”), from Sanskrit क्रीडा (krīḍā). Cognate of Balinese ᬓ᭄ᬭᬷᬥᬵ (krida).


kusuma

From Javanese ꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩ (kusuma), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀲𑀼𑀫 (kusuma), from Sanskrit कुसुम (kusuma, “flower, blossom, bud”).


penghukuman

head

pênghukuman (plural penghukuman-penghukuman, first-person possessive penghukumanku, second-person possessive penghukumanmu, third-person possessive penghukumannya)

pênghukuman (canonical)
penghukuman-penghukuman (plural)
penghukumanku (first-person possessive)
penghukumanmu (possessive second-person)
penghukumannya (possessive third-person)


terhukum

têrhukum (plural terhukum-terhukum, first-person possessive terhukumku, second-person possessive terhukummu, third-person possessive terhukumnya)

têrhukum (canonical)
terhukum-terhukum (plural)
terhukumku (first-person possessive)
terhukummu (possessive second-person)
terhukumnya (possessive third-person)


tiko

Namun setelah mendengar caciannya semakin parah dengan menyebut “Dasar pribumi, Tiko”, gubernur yang hafal al-Quran itu pun berniat melaporkan Steven.
However, after hearing his worsening slurs by exclaiming "You pribumi, Tiko," the Koran-knowing governor also intended to report Steven.

(derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) an Indonesian person of native origin; pribumi


agnostisisme

From Dutch agnosticisme, from French agnosticisme, from English agnosticism.


avionika

Borrowed from Dutch avionica (“avionics”).

bor+

the science and technology of the development and use of electrical and electronic devices in aviation.

(aviation) avionics:
the devices used in avionics.


lembar

From Malay lembar, from Javanese lembar.


gerakan

gerak + -an, inherited from Malay gerakan.

physical motion between points in space.

a trend in various fields or social categories, a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals.


kemiringan

kêmiringan (canonical)
kemiringan-kemiringan (plural)

(mathematics) gradient, slope: a line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line.

(geology) dip: The angle from horizontal of a planar geologic surface, such as a fault line.


percepatan

The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration.

(classical mechanics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).

(Standard Malay)

(education) the advancement of students at a rate that places them ahead of where they would be in the regular school curriculum.


turunan

Affixed turun (“descent”) + -an, inherited from Malay turunan, from, Classical Malay turunan (“descendant”). The sense “derivative” is a semantic loan from English derivative.

(informal) descendants of national and foreigner; crossbreed.

descent
Lineage or hereditary derivation

(calculus) The derived function of a function (the slope at a certain point on some curve f(x)).

(calculus) The value of this function for a given value of its independent variable.

(chemistry) A chemical derived from another.

derivative:
A chemical derived from another.

(linguistics) A word that derives from another one.

derivative:
A word that derives from another one.

(calculus) differential: an infinitesimal change in a variable, or the result of differentiation.


swarga

alternative spelling of surga (“heaven”)


kuasa

From Malay kuasa, ke- + *wasa, from Javanese ꦏꦸꦮꦱ (kuwasa), ꦏꦮꦱ (kawasa), from Old Javanese kawaśa, from Sanskrit वश (vaśa, “authority, power, control, dominion”).

der

power:
the ability to do or undergo something.

the ability to coerce, influence or control.

(statistics) the probability that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

(physics) force (anything that has the power to produce a physical effect)


kusala

kusala kusala (canonical)
kusala-kusala (plural)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुशल (kuśala). Coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono in 2007.


dalih

Inherited from Malay dalih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dalih (“be the reason for an action”).

inh

Pungutan itu dilakukan dengan dalih untuk dana kesejahteraan

The levy was carried out under the pretext of welfare funds


dakwa

From Malay dakwa, from Arabic دَعْوَى (daʕwā).


semir

* From Dutch smeer (“smear, a fat substance”), from Proto-Germanic *smirwijaną. Cognate with English smear.
* For the sense “bribe”, cf. Dutch smeergeld (“bribe”).

smear, a fat substance, such as shoe polish and machine lubrication.


edaran

something circulated
short for surat edaran.


kepala sekolah

Compound of kepala (“head”) + sekolah (“school”), calque of Dutch schoolhoofd (“headteacher, principal”, literally “school head”).


hopagen

hopagèn (canonical)
hopagen-hopagen (plural)

From Dutch, from hoofd (“head”) + agent (“agent”).


uskup agung

Compound of uskup + agung. Attested before 1964.


kata hubung

Inherited from Malay kata hubung, from kata (“word”) + hubung (”to connect”). Equivalent to kata + hubung.

conjunction (a word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences, with the meaning used to show how the two joined parts are related)


tambak

Inherited from Malay tambak (“embankment, dyke; banking, filling, levelling up, reclamation; causeway”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambak.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ (tambak, “fish pond; dyke”).


tambak

a snapper, of species Lutjanus vaigiensis


warita

From Old Javanese wrĕta, wṛtta (“metre; event; rumour, news”), from Sanskrit वृत्त (vṛtta). Doublet of berita, warta, urit, and urita.


kenan

Affixed kena (“to hit”) + -an, inherited from Malay kenan. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ (kena, “able; can, allowed; succeed”, literally “hit, struck”) for sense related to agreement, approval; pleasure.


kontak

From Dutch contact (compare Afrikaans kontak), from French contact, from Latin contactus.

the establishment of communication or relation.

the establishment of electrical connection.

(colloquial) someone with whom one is in communication.

(medicine) association with a patient with a contagious disease (and so the contacted person may carry the infection).

(Standard Malay)

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) a device designed for repetitive connections.

engagement: in any situation of conflict, an actual instance of active hostilities.


swatantra

From Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (swatantra), from Old Javanese swatantra (“self-dependence, independence”), from Sanskrit स्वतन्त्र (svatantra).

der

daerah swatantra
daerah swatantra#Indonesian

(dated, historical) ellipsis of daerah swatantra (“autonomous area”).


loji

From Dutch loge, from French loge. Doublet of loge.


kawasan

Inherited from Malay kawasan, from Classical Malay kawasan (“area”), from Javanese ꦏꦮꦱꦤ꧀ (kawasan, “authorised area”), from Old Javanese kawaśan (“dominion”), from Sanskrit वश (vaśa, “authority, power, control, dominion”). Equivalent to kuasa + -an.

, rantau (Standard Malay)

(geography) region: Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons.

area, zone: a given area distinguished on the basis of a particular characteristic, use, restriction, etc.


zakar

From Malay zakar, from Arabic ذَكَر (ḏakar).


rambu

rambu larangan


lajur

(road transport) lane (a lengthwise division of roadway intended for a single line of vehicles)

column (a body of text meant to be read line by line, especially in printed material that has multiple adjacent such on a single page)

lajur jenuh


kurung

Inherited from Malay kurung, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ.


warganet

Blend of warga (citizen) + internet (internet), calque of English netizen.

blend

(computing) A member of the community of Internet users; netizen.


selak

Borrowed from Hindi सलाख (salākh, “iron bar; rod”), from Sanskrit शलाका (śalākā).


zeni

From Dutch genie. Doublet of enjin, insinyur, and genius.

combat engineer, a soldier who performs a variety of construction and demolition tasks under combat conditions.


tumbuhan air

Compound of tumbuhan (“tree”) + air (“water”)

(botany) hydrophyte (a plant that lives in water)


daun koka

coca leaf, the leaf of (Erythroxylum coca)


daun buah

(botany) carpel, one of the individual female reproductive organs in a flower.


layang

Inherited from Malay layang (“to fly”), from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaŋ (“to fly, soar through the air”).

inh

clipping of pelayangan (“ship; crossing point”)


absolusi

→ Malay: absolusi

From Dutch absolutie (“absolution”), from Middle Dutch absolucie, from Latin absolūtiō.

(Catholicism) absolution, absolving or setting free from guilt, sin or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.


devosi

From Dutch devotie, from Middle Dutch devotie, from Old French devotion, from Latin dēvōtiō.

(Catholicism) devotion, religious veneration, zeal, or piety.


ekaristi

èkaristi (canonical)
ekaristi-ekaristi (plural)

From Dutch eucharistie, from Old French, from Ecclesiastical Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía, “gratitude, giving of thanks”).

der

(Christianity) The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion.

(by extension) A Christian religious service in which this sacrament is enacted.

The substances received during this sacrament, namely the bread and wine, seen as Christ’s body and blood.


mendung

mēndung (canonical)
mendung-mendung (plural)


kanonis

(Catholicism) canonical, in conformity with canon law.

canonical, stated or used in the most basic and straightforwardly applicable manner.

(mathematics, linguistics) In canonical form.


ensiklik

énsiklik (canonical)
ensiklik-ensiklik (plural)

From Dutch encycliek (“encyclical”), from Latin encyclicus (“circular, encyclical”), from Ancient Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkúklios, “circular, general”), from ἐν- (en-) + κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”).

(Catholicism) encyclical, a papal letter delivered to bishops in the Roman Catholic Church.


merek

From Dutch merk (“mark, brand”), from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”), from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”). Doublet of markah.

(commerce) brand (product identity), trademark.


episkopal

èpiskopal (canonical)
episkopal-episkopal (plural)

From Dutch episcopaal, from French épiscopal, from Latin episcopālis (“episcopal”), from episcopus (“bishop”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”).

(Catholicism) episcopal, relating to a bishop and/or to the episcopate


pulasan

From Malay pulasan. Equivalent to pulas (“twist”) + -an. Doublet of kapulasan.


basantara

Blend of bahasa (“language”) + perantara (“intermediary”).

blend

(linguistics) koine, lingua franca, link language, trade language, vehicular language: a common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one that is not the first language of any of its speakers.


sinetron

sinètron (canonical)
sinetron-sinetron (plural)

→ English: sinetron

Blend of sinema (“cinema”) + elektronik (“electronic”). Coined by Indonesian educator Soemardjono in 1978.

coinage

drama produced as a television show, especially produced in Indonesia


onderjurk

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderjurk.

ubor

a women's undergarment worn under a dress


acang

(obsolete, rare) gadget (electronics product)


konfeti

konféti (canonical)
konfeti-konfeti (plural)

confetti, small pieces of colored paper generally thrown about at festive occasions.


firaun

From Malay firaun, borrowed from Arabic فرعون (firʕawn), possibly from Classical Syriac ܦܪܥܘܢ (perʿūn) and Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (parʿōh), ultimately from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ.


laher

From Dutch lager (“bearing”), from German Lager.


negoisasi

nègosiasi (canonical)
negoisasi-negoisasi (plural)

From Dutch negotiatie, from Middle French négociation, from Latin negotiatio (“the carrying on of business, a wholesale business”), from negotiari (“to carry on business”).


tustel

tustèl (canonical)
tustel-tustel (plural)


keker

kékêr (canonical)
kèkèr (canonical)
keker-keker (plural)


janapada

From Javanese ꦗꦤꦥꦢ (janapada), from Old Javanese janapada, from Sanskrit जनपद (janapada, “district, rural”).


wilapa

From Sanskrit विलाप (vilāpa, “lamentation”).


resusitasi

résusitasi (canonical)
resusitasi-resusitasi (plural)

From English resuscitation, from Middle English resuscitacion, from Old French ressuscitacion and Latin resuscitātio.


ratu drama

* From Calque of English drama queen.
* From ratu (“queen”) + drama (“drama”).

drama queen, a exaggeratedly dramatic person.


reksa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦉꦏ꧀ꦱ (reksa, “to guard, to watch over”), from Old Javanese rakṣa (“guarding, protecting; protection”), from Sanskrit रक्षा (rakṣā, “guard”).
* Displaced Dutch politie (“police”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


persekutuan komanditer

Compound of persekutuan (“partnership”) + komanditer, calque from Dutch commanditaire vennootschap.


semadi

From Malay semadi, from Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi, “concentration, tomb”).

der

samadhi: concentration of the thoughts, profound or abstract meditation, intense contemplation of any particular object


tali pinggang

Compound of tali + pinggang. Compare to Chinese 腰帶／腰带 (“belt”, literally “waist band”).

belt: a band worn around the waist to hold clothing to one's body (usually pants), hold weapons (such as a gun or sword), or serve as a decorative piece of clothing.


reanimasi

réanimasi (canonical)
reanimasi-reanimasi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch reanimatie (“resuscitation”), from French réanimation.


khilafah

Inherited from Malay khilafah, from Classical Malay khilafah, from Arabic خِلَافَة f (ḵilāfa).


koperasi

Affixed ko- + operasi, from earlier kooperasi, from Dutch coöperatie, from Middle French cooperation, from Late Latin cooperātiō. Doublet of kooperasi.
* The word was used for translation of Japanese 組合(くみあい) (kumiai, “an association, a union”) during the Japanese occupation.


disposisi

Borrowed from Dutch dispositie (“disposition”).

bor+

(administration) the arrangement or placement of certain things.

(medicine) the tendency or inclination under given circumstances; temperamental makeup or habitual mood.


posisi

From Dutch positie (“position”), from French position, from Latin positiō.


efek

From Dutch effect (“effect, negotiable instrument”), from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from efficiō (“accomplish, complete, effect”). Cognate of Afrikaans effek.

der

impression left on the mind; sensation produced.

(finance) A tradeable financial asset, such as a share of stock; security

negotiable instrument
negotiable instrument

(economics, finance) negotiable instrument


setrum

sêtrum (canonical)
setrum-setrum (plural)

From Dutch stroom (“current”), from Middle Dutch strôom, from Old Dutch *strōm, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”).


air terjun

From Malay air terjun, from Classical Malay اءير ترجون (air terjun). From air (“water”) + terjun (“to dive, to jump from a high place”).

compound

waterfall (flow of water over the edge of a cliff)


daun ketumbar

Compound of daun (“leaf”) + ketumbar (“coriander”), from Malay daun ketumbar

(cooking) cilantro (leaves of the coriander plant)


pasfoto

(colloquial) A passport photo, a passport photograph.


ketumbar

From Malay ketumbar, from Tamil கொத்தமல்லி (kottamalli), from Sanskrit कुस्तुम्बरी (kustumbarī). Cognate of Cebuano and Chavacano katumbal.

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual

(cooking) the annual herb Coriandrum sativum, used in many cuisines.

(cooking) the dried fruits thereof, used as a spice.


benteng

From Malay benteng, from Classical Malay benteng.
* The sense “bulwark” is a semantic loan from Javanese bètèng.
* The sense in chess is a semantic loan from Dutch kasteel (“rook (dated)”, literally “castle”).

sl

fort: a fortified defensive structure stationed with troops.

(figurative) something that is used to strengthen or maintain a position and so on.

(sports) children's games are carried out in two groups by each group forming a fort (in the form of poles, stones, etc.) and trying to protect the fort from enemy attacks.


gulai

From Malay gulai. Probably from Tamil குழை (kuḻai, “to become soft, well cooked”).

der

(cooking) gulai: a type of food containing rich, spicy and succulent curry-like sauce.


simbolisme

Affixed simbol + -isme, from Dutch symbolisme.


hopbiro

From Dutch hoofdbureau, from hoofd (“head”) + bureau (“bureau”).


boomzaken

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch boomzaken.


boorwater

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch boorwater.


legaat

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch legaat, from Latin legatum.


burgerlijk wetboek

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch Burgerlijk Wetboek (“civil code”).


diakones

diakonês (canonical)
diakones-diakones (plural)

From Dutch diacones, from French diaconesse, ultimately from Latin diaconissa.

(Christianity, Protestantism) female deacon, with duties of helping the priests and carrying out parish work.


ibu kota

Compound of ibu (“greatest or most significant”, literally “mother”) + kota (“city”).


kacang panjang

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)


tabir

From Malay tabir, from Arabic تَعْبِير (taʕbīr, “to get across”).


CBSA

(education) Initialism of cara belajar siswa aktif.


akar rumput

Compound of akar (“root(s)”) + rumput (“grass”), calque of English grass roots.

(figurative, politics) grass roots: of, or relating to people or society at the local level, particularly in politics, social movements, etc.


aktivis

(politics) activist, one who is politically active in the role of a citizen; especially, one who campaigns for change.


aliah

From Arabic علية (ʕaliyya, “high, tall”).

(Islam, education) Islamic modern senior high school (US) or upper secondary school (UK).


ancaman

An expression of intent to injure or punish another.

An indication of potential or imminent danger.


soang

From Dutch zwaan (“swan”), from Middle Dutch swane, from Old Dutch *swano, from Proto-Germanic *swanô.


akta mengajar

id-noun

akta mengajar (plural akta-akta mengajar)

Compound of akta (“certificate”) + mengajar (“teaching”), calque of Dutch akte van bekwaamheid (literally “certificate of competence”).

calque

(education) teaching certificate; teaching qualification.


koneksi

konèksi (canonical)
koneksi-koneksi (plural)

From Dutch connectie (“connection”), from French connexion, from Latin cōnexiō.

(colloquial) an individual who is related to oneself.

connection.
(computing) an established link.


aktivitas

Learned borrowing from Latin activitas. Displaced aktivitet, a loan word from Dutch activiteit. Equivalent in meaning to aktif (“active”) + -itas (“-ity”), because Dutch activiteit is equivalent to actief (“active”) + -teit (“-ity”).


autokrasi

By surface analysis, auto- + -krasi, from Dutch autocratie, from Byzantine Greek αὐτοκρατία (autokratía, “A system of government by one person with absolute power”).


asesmen

asèsmên (canonical)
asesmen-asesmen (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(education) the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning

(healthcare, medicine, psychiatry, psychology) identifies needs of the patient or client and how those needs will be addressed.


bordil

From Dutch bordeel (“brothel”), from Middle Dutch bordeel (“brothel; hut, hovel”), from Old French bordel (“hut; brothel”), from Medieval Latin bordellum (“brothel, small hut”).


lokalisasi

Borrowed from Dutch lokalisatie. By surface analysis, lokal + -isasi.

software engineering
software engineering

(software engineering) the act, process, or result of making a product suitable for use in a particular country or region

(translation studies, chiefly software, marketing) the act, process, or result of adapting translated text to fit a local culture; domestication

localization
the state of being localized

localization
(colloquial) red-light district


penapis

Affixed peng- + tapis, inherited from Malay penapis, from Classical Malay penapis.


sijil

From Malay sijil, from Arabic سِجِلّ (sijill, “register, registry, record, list, log”), from Byzantine Greek σιγίλλιον, σιγίλλον (sigíllion, sigíllon), ultimately from Latin sigillum (“little sign”). Doublet of segel.

σιγίλλιον, σιγίλλον


muara

From Malay muara, probably from Prakrit *muhavara, from Sanskrit मुख (mukha) + द्वार (dvāra) (compare to Tamil முகத்துவாரம் (mukattuvāram, “mouth (of river); estuary”)).

ncog

முகத்துவாரம்

mouth: the end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water.


lamun

Ultimately inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lamun (“swamp grass”) via an unknown substrate language.
Coined by Indonesian academician Hutomo in 1985.


lantatur

Blend of layanan (service) + tanpa (without) + turun (to go down).


pascasarjana

Compound of pasca- (“after”) + sarjana (“bachelor's degree”), from calque of English postgraduate.


sarjana

From Sanskrit सज्जन (sajjana, “gentleman, virtuous man”). Compare to Javanese ꦱꦂꦗꦤ (sarjana, “scholar”) and Old Javanese sajjana (“scholar”). The change of cluster ⟨rj⟩ from ⟨jj⟩ probably reflect hypercorrection, see conversion between Sanskrit and Pali forms.
* Sense of bachelor and baccalaureate is a semantic loan from Dutch baccalaureus (“bachelor”). Compare to Chinese 學士／学士 (xuéshì, “bachelor”, literally “scholar; literati”).

zh-l

(education) bachelor's degree, baccalaureate: the first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges.

(education) graduate with bachelor's degree

(rare) scholar, especially Muslim scholar


sarjana muda

id-noun

sarjana muda (plural sarjana-sarjana muda)

Compound of sarjana (“bachelor”) + muda (“young, junior”)

compound

(education) associate's degree: an academic degree awarded after the equivalent of approximately two years of college education, usually by community colleges.


penganiayaan

head

penganiayaan (plural penganiayaan-penganiayaan, first-person possessive penganiayaanku, second-person possessive penganiayaanmu, third-person possessive penganiayaannya)

penganiayaan-penganiayaan (plural)
penganiayaanku (first-person possessive)
penganiayaanmu (possessive second-person)
penganiayaannya (possessive third-person)

the event of prosecution, oppression, or injustice.


penganiaya

penganiaya (plural penganiaya-penganiaya, first-person possessive penganiayaku, second-person possessive penganiayamu, third-person possessive penganiayanya)

penganiaya-penganiaya (plural)
penganiayaku (first-person possessive)
penganiayamu (possessive second-person)
penganiayanya (possessive third-person)

person who does prosecution, oppression, or injustice.


langsir

From Dutch lansier or Portuguese lanceiro, ultimately from Late Latin lanceārius, from Latin lancea (“spear”).

(obsolete) lancer, a soldier armed with a lance.


beranang

bêranang (canonical)
beranang-beranang (plural)

beranang:

madder red: a deep reddish colour, like that of the dye.


brankar

From Dutch brancard, from French brancard.

Seorang tenaga kesehatan lengkap dengan APD bersama dengan brankar atau ranjang dorong bersiaga di luar gedung.

A healthcare worker with PPE and a stretcher is on alert outside the building.


ners

From English nurse, from Middle English norice, from Old French norrice, from Latin nūtrīcius (“that nourishes”), from nūtrīx (“wet nurse”), from nūtriō (“to suckle”).

(rare) nurse, person trained to provide care for the sick.


spanduk

banner, a large piece of cloth with a slogan, motto, or emblem carried in a demonstration or other procession or suspended in some conspicuous place.


mantri

From Javanese ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (mantri), from Old Javanese mantrī, mantri, from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, manti, and menteri.

(in compounds) position for special responsibility


kumbara

From Ottoman Turkish خمبره (kumbara), from Classical Persian خمباره (xumbāra, “an earthenware box, a small jar; a bombshell”).


parlemen

parlêmèn (canonical)
parlemen-parlemen (plural)

→ Tetum: parlamén

From Dutch parlement, from Middle Dutch parlement, from Old French parlement.


edukasi

èdukasi (canonical)
edukasi-edukasi (plural)

From Dutch educatie (“education”). Cognate to Tagalog edukasyon, Tok Pisin edukesen, and Malay edukesyen.


sekolah ambah

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + ambah (“masonry”), partial calque of Dutch ambachtsschool.

(education, historical) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK) level vocational school.


ambah

From Dutch ambacht, from Middle Dutch ambacht, from Old Dutch ambacht, from Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz, from Gaulish ambaxtos, from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos. Cognate with German Amt.


sekolah rendah

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + rendah (“low”), from Malay sekolah rendah, from Dutch lagere school.


globalisasi

Affixed global + -isasi, from English globalisation.


pulpen

pulpèn (canonical)
pulpen-pulpen (plural)


bolpoin

From English ballpoint (“ballpoint pen”).


ilmu bumi

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + bumi (“earth”), calque of Dutch aardrijkskunde (“geography”, literally “earth science”).


ilmu urai

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + urai (“dismember”), calque of Dutch ontleedkunde (“anatomy”, literally “dissection science”).


aljabar

From Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”).


ilmu pisah

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + pisah (“to separate”), calque of Dutch scheikunde (“chemistry”, literally “knowledge to separate”).


ilmu tasrih

ilmu (“science”) + tasrih (“dismember”), from Arabic عِلْم التَشْرِيحِ (ʕilm at-tašrīḥi, “anatomy”) , probably via Malay ilmu tasrih.

bor

عِلْم التَشْرِيحِ


ilmu ukur

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + ukur (“measure”), calque of Dutch meetkunde (“geometry”, literally “measuring science”).


ilmu hayat

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + hayat (“life”), from Arabic عِلْمُ ٱلْأَحْيَاء (ʕilmu l-ʔaḥyāʔ, “biology”, literally “life science”).

bor

عِلْمُ ٱلْأَحْيَاء


ilmu hitung

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + hitung (“to count, to compute”), from Malay ilmu hitung, a calque of Dutch cijferkunst (“arithmetic”, literally “to compute + art; ability”) and Dutch rekenkunde (“arithmetic”).


aktinometer

aktinomètêr (canonical)
aktinometer-aktinometer (plural)


amprah

From Dutch aanvraag (“application, request”).


spoelhoek

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch spoel (“rinse”) + hoek (“corner”).

(medicine) service sink, a deep sink, usually set low, esp. used for emptying pails of dirty water.


perlop

pêrlop (canonical)
perlop-perlop (plural)

From Dutch verlof (“furlough, leave of absence”).

bor

(colloquial) furlough, leave of absence.


sepuit

sêpuit (canonical)
sepuit-sepuit (plural)


oktroi

From Dutch octrooi (“patent”), from Middle Dutch octroy, possibly from Latin auctōrō, auctor. Compare to French octroi (“grant; concession”).


agensi

agènsi (canonical)
agensi-agensi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch agency, from Medieval Latin agentia, from Latin agēns (present participle of agere (“to act”)).


bawasir

From Arabic بَوَاسِير (bawāsīr, “hemorrhoids”).


geminte

gêmintê (canonical)
geminte-geminte (plural)


kamsen

kamsèn (canonical)
kamsen-kamsen (plural)

From English commission, from Old French commission, from Latin commissio (“sending together; commission”). Doublet of komisi.


kerul

From Dutch krul (“curl”), from Middle Dutch crulle, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“that which is curled”), from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”).


bahan bakar

Compound of bahan (“material”) + bakar (“fire”), calque of Dutch brandstof (“fuel”, literally “to burn + material”).


kampiun

From Dutch kampioen (“champion”), from Middle Dutch campioen, from Old Northern French campion, campiun (cf. French champion), from Proto-West Germanic *kampijō (cf. German Kämpe), derived from *kamp (“field, fight”), from Latin campus. Doublet of kampus, kamp, kampanye, and sampanye.


stopkontak

(electricity) an electrical socket, an outlet.


konsumsi

Borrowed from Dutch consumptie (“consumption”), from Latin cōnsumptiō.


potongan harga

id-noun

potongan harga (plural potongan-potongan harga)

Compound of potongan (“cut, reduction”) + harga (“price”). Compare to Japanese 値引(ねび)き (nebiki, “discount”).


maneken

manêkèn (canonical)
maneken-maneken (plural)

(colloquial) a person who models clothes.


fulus

From Malay fulus,
from Arabic فُلُوس (fulūs, “money, penny”).


beslit

bèslit (canonical)
beslit-beslit (plural)


cengkau

cêngkau (canonical)
cengkau-cengkau (plural)

/t͡ʃəŋˈkau̯/

From Hokkien 成交 (sêng-kau, “to close a deal; to conclude a transaction”).


bludrek

bludrêk (canonical)
bludrek-bludrek (plural)

From Dutch bloeddruk (“blood pressure”).

(colloquial) hypertension with headache.


cengbeng

cèngbèng (canonical)
cengbeng-cengbeng (plural)


sipir

From Dutch cipier, from Middle Dutch cipier, from Old French cepier.


taman kanak-kanak

id-noun

taman kanak-kanak (plural taman-taman kanak-kanak)

Compound of taman + kanak-kanak, from calque of German Kindergarten (“kindergarten”, literally “garden of children”).


raudatul athfal

id-noun

raudatul athfal (plural raudatul-raudatul athfal)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic رَوْضَة أَطْفَال (rawḍa(t) ʔaṭfāl, “kindergarten”) as رَوْضَة (rawḍa, “garden”) + أَطْفَال (ʔaṭfāl, “children”), from Calque of German Kindergarten (“kindergarten”, literally “garden of children”). Doublet of taman kanak-kanak.

ubor

رَوْضَة أَطْفَال


madrasah ibtidaiah

id-noun

madrasah ibtidaiah (plural madrasah-madrasah ibtidaiah)

From madrasah + ibtidaiah, from Arabic اَلْمَدْرَسَة اَلاِبْتِدَائِيَّة (al-madrasa(t) al-ibtidāʔiyya) as اِبْتِدَائِيَّة (ibtidāʔiyya, “primary, elementary”) + مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).

der

اَلْمَدْرَسَة اَلاِبْتِدَائِيَّة

compound

اِبْتِدَائِيَّة

(Islam, education) elementary school (US), primary school (UK)


sekitar

sêkitar (canonical)
sekitar-sekitar (plural)

Affixed se- + kitar, from Malay sekitar.


setolop

sêtolop (canonical)
setolop-setolop (plural)

→ Min Nan: 實刀洛／实刀洛 (si̍t-to-lo̍h, “wall-lamp”)


stoples

stoplès (canonical)
stoples-stoples (plural)

From Dutch stolpfles as stolp (“cover”) + fles (“bottle”).


bank sentral

Compound of bank + sentral (“central”), calque of Dutch centrale bank (“central bank”).