toko

→ Tetum: toko

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

toko buku

toko kelontong

toko serba ada

Walaupun kalau saya berkunjung ke tanahair, selalu menyempatkan diri ke toko buku. Tapi banyak buku yang diterbitkan apalagi kalau karya sastera‒tak sampai ke toko buku. Saya sering dengar bahwa toko buku kita umumnya tidak mau memberi tempat buat buku sastera. Tentu karena minat masyarakat terhadap sastera kecil sekali.

2008 [1997 July 10], Ajip Rosidi, Yang datang telanjang: Surat-surat Ajip Rosidi dari Jepang, 1980-2002 [That came naked: Letters of Ajip Rosidi from Japan, 1980-2002] (non-fiction), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, →ISBN, Kepada Lazuardi Anwar, page 574:

Even when I visited my homeland, I often take my time to go to bookshops. However, many books that are published, especially those that are literary works‒do not reach the bookshops. I often hear that our bookshops generally do not want to give space for literature books. Surely because community interest towards literature is very small.

Alfamart melalui program Alfamind mengajak masyarakat untuk menjadi wirausaha dengan membuka toko secara virtual. Melalui aplikasi ini, siapa pun bisa saja menjadi pemilik toko hanya dengan berjualan melalui aplikasi smartphone.

2018 July 10, “Masyarakat Diajak Buka Toko Virtual [Community Invited to Set Up Virtual Shops]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-29:

Alfamart, through the Alfamind program, invites the community to become entrepreneurs by setting up shops virtually. Through this application, anyone can also become a shop owner just by selling through a smartphone application.

pertokoan [causative passive + resultative


gana

Alternative spelling of ganar (“confused, mad”)


gana

(archaic) decorative form in the form of a small child


gana

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦤ (gana, “bee larvae”), from Old Javanese gaṇa (“host, group; a kind of demi-god; number; a certain military subdivision”), from Sanskrit गण (gaṇa, “flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class (of animate or inanimate beings), body of followers or attendants”).


dokter

→ Balinese: ᬤᭀᬓ᭄ᬢᭂᬃ (dokter)

→ Javanese: ꦝꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ (dhokter)

→ Minangkabau: doto, dotor

→ Nias: doto

→ Sundanese: ᮓᮧᮊ᮪ᮒᮨᮁ (dokter)

→ Ternate: dokter

Borrowed from Dutch dokter (“doctor (physician, medical doctor)”), from doctor, from Middle Dutch doctoor, from Latin doctor (“teacher, instructor”). Doublet of doktor.

bor

doctor, a physician; a member of the medical profession; one who is trained and licensed to heal the sick or injured.


cabe

(colloquial) alternative spelling of cabai


brevet

brèvèt (canonical)
brevet-brevet (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch brevet, from Middle Dutch brevete, from Middle French brevet.

A formal document, such as a certificate or licence.

A permit or licence allowing one to use certain vehicles or engage in certain activities, now especially in relation to aircraft.


koridor

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch corridor, from French corridor, from Italian corridore (“long passage”) (= corridoio), from correre (“to run”).

A narrow hall or passage with rooms leading off it, as in a building or in a railway carriage.

A restricted tract of land that allows passage between two places.


debit

From Dutch debiet (“discharge, flowrate”), from French débit (“flow, rate of flow, discharge”), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).


debit

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

A semantic loan from English debit, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).
* Displaced earlier debet, which was loanword from Dutch debet.

In bookkeeping, an entry in the left hand column of an account.

A sum of money taken out of a bank account. Thus called, because in bank's bookkeeping a cash withdrawal diminishes the amount of money held on the account, i.e. bank's debt to the customer.

(accounting) receivable: a debt owed, usually to a business, from the perspective of that business.


hia

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris#Translingual


merak

From Malay merak, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Aslian.


Shinto

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 神道 (shintō), from Middle Chinese 神道 (MC zyin dawX, “ways of the gods”), ultimately from Old Chinese 神道 (OC *hlin l'uːʔ, “ways [doings] of Heaven [in matters of fortune or fate]”).

och-l

ways 􂀿doings􂁀 of Heaven 􂀿in matters of fortune or fate􂁀

Shinto (formerly the state religion of Japan, a type of animism involving the worship of ancestors and nature spirits in Japan)


séance

Unadapted borrowing from French séance (“session”), from Latin sedentia.


salon

From Dutch salon, from French salon, from Middle French, from Italian salone (“large hall”), augmented form of sala (“hall”), from Lombardic sala (“room, house, entrance hall”), from Proto-Germanic *salą (“dwelling, house, hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”).

der

A large room, especially one used to receive and entertain guests.

A beauty salon or similar establishment.


tribune

From Dutch tribune, from French tribune, from Latin tribunus.


tatami

From Japanese 畳(たたみ) (tatami, “tatami mat”).


atjar

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of acar.


timbal

From Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (timbel, “lead; tin”).


bestir

bêstir (canonical)
bestir-bestir (plural)

(colloquial, uncommon) management (the executives of an organisation)


wushu

Unadapted borrowing from Mandarin 武術／武术 (wǔshù, “martial techniques”).


obsidian

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch obsidiaan, from Latin obsidianus.


sultan

From Malay sultan, from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).


laut

From Malay laut, from Classical Malay laut (“sea”), from Proto-Malayic *laut (“towards the sea”), replaces an earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.


besar

Inherited from Malay besar, from Proto-Malayic *bəsar.

size (the dimensions or magnitude of a thing; how big something is)


honda

A genericized trademark of the Japanese trademark Honda, from Japanese ホンダ or 本田(ほんだ) (honda).


tipi

From English teepee, from the Lakota thípi.


nori

Borrowed from Japanese 海苔(のり) (nori, “ocean moss”).

A type of seaweed, a red alga, laver (genus Pyropia, including species P. yezoensis and P. tenera).

The seaweed, chopped and formed into sheets, used in the preparation of sushi.


motivator

id-noun

motivator (plural motivator-motivator or para motivator)

motivator-motivator (plural)
para motivator (plural)


jung

Inherited from Malay jong, from possibly either:
* Javanese ꦗꦺꦴꦁ (jong, “ship”)
* Hokkien 船 (chûn, “ship; watercraft; vessel”) or Teochew 船 (zung⁵, “ship; watercraft; vessel”)
See also cunia.


jung

(history) a unit of land area measurement equals 28,386 m² or four bau.


inhibitor

Internationalism, borrowed from English inhibitor.

(biology, chemistry) inhibitor: any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction or biological process.


literati

litêrati (canonical)
literati-literati (plural)

Borrowed from English literati, from Latin līterātī, plural of līterātus (“lettered, literate”).

literati: well-educated, literary people; intellectuals who are interested in literature.


velum

(anatomy, linguistics) velum: the soft palate.

veil: a covering for a person or thing; as, a caul.


velum

From English vellum, from Old French velin (Modern French vélin), from Latin vitulinus (“of a calf”).

vellum: a type of parchment paper made from the skin of a lamb, baby goat, or calf.


kos

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”). Compare to Malay kos (“cost”).


dolar

From Dutch dollar, from English dollar, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally "of Joachimstal," the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic).


pralaya

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦭꦪ (pralaya) or Old Javanese pralaya, from Sanskrit प्रलय (pralaya).


fonetik

From Dutch fonetiek, from German Phonetik, from French phonétique, from Latin phōnēticus, from Ancient Greek φωνητικός (phōnētikós), from φωνέω (phōnéō) + -τικός (-tikós).


couture

Unadapted borrowing from English couture (“production of high-end, custom-made clothing”), ellipsis of haute couture (“haute couture, high fashion”, literally “high, elegant + sewing”). Compare French couture (“sewing”).

ubor

(fashion) couture: production of high-end, custom-made clothing.


sponsor

a person or organisation with some sort of responsibility for another person or organisation, especially where the responsibility has a religious, legal, or financial aspect.

one that pays all or part of the cost of an event, a publication, or a media program, usually in exchange for advertising time.

the state or practice of being a sponsor.

the aid or support provided by a sponsor; backing or patronage.


filaria

filaria (any of the parasitic nematode worms of superfamily Filarioidea that lives in the blood of vertebrates and is transmitted by insects: the cause of filariasis)


peri

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “about”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri-.
* The word sense is related to Sanskrit परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”)

der

about, concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect.


peri

From Persian پری (pari, “fairy”), from Middle Persian plyk' (parīg, “witch”).


peri

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “abundantly, fully”).


kailan

From Malay kailan, from Late Classical Malay کايلن (kailan), from Cantonese 芥蘭／芥兰 (gaai3 laan4-2, “kailan”).

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra

kailan, Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra.


alat

Inherited from Malay alat, from Classical Malay الت (alat), from Arabic آلَة (ʔāla).

device intended to make a task easier; Any mechanical device meant to ease or do a task.

Any piece of equipment used in a profession, e.g. a craftman's tools.

Something to perform an operation; an instrument; a means.

A person or group which is used or controlled, usually unwittingly, by another person or group.


modus

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

doublet

(mathematics, statistics) the most frequently occurring value in a distribution.

(linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality.

a particular means of accomplishing something.

(colloquial) modus operandi, a known criminal's established habits and mode of work when committing specific offences, especially fraud, matched with characteristics of an unsolved crime to narrow down (limit to a specific list) or profile suspects.


kolik

From Dutch koliek (“colic”), from French colique, ultimately derived from Ancient Greek κωλικός (kōlikós, “suffering in the colon”, adj).


dol

(music) a type of conical drum from Bengkulu.


dol

(shipping) mast, a tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, the sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, or communications equipment such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires.


nara

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese nara (“man, male, person”), from Sanskrit नर (nára), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnáras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.


toto

From Dutch toto (“A kind of gambling game”).


ting

The sound made when a small bell is struck.


ting

Borrowed from Hokkien 燈 /灯 (teng, “light; lamp; lantern”).

bor+

(dialectal) Synonym of lentera (“lantern”)


oli

From Dutch olie (“oil”), from Middle Dutch ōlie, from Old Dutch olig, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).


adrenalin

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)


tato

From English tattoo, a borrowing from a Polynesian language, e.g. Samoan tatau (“tattoo; to tap, to strike”).


loka

tlb

(chiefly obsolete, archaic or dialectal)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦏ (loka, “world, place”), from Sanskrit लोक (loka).


poles

Borrowed from Dutch polijst, polijsten, from Old French poliss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of polir, from Latin polīre (“to polish, make smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to drive, strike, thrust”), from the notion of fulling cloth.


go-go

Unadapted borrowing from English go-go (“go-go”).


lotus

From Dutch lotus, from Latin lōtus, from Ancient Greek λωτός (lōtós).

Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera#Translingual


salut

From Dutch saluut, from Latin salūtō (“to greet; to wish health to”).

der

salute, an utterance or gesture expressing greeting or honor towards someone, now especially a formal, non-verbal gesture made with the arms or hands in any of various specific positions


rasa

From Malay rasa, from Pali rasa, from Sanskrit रस (rasa). Cognate with Thai รส (rót), Lao ລົດ (lot), Lü ᦷᦟᧆ (lod) or ᦷᦟᧆᦉ (lodṡ), Burmese ရသ (ra.sa.), Khmer រស (rŭəh). Doublet of raksa, raksi, and resi.


canasta

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish canasta (“canasta; basket, hoop; laundry basket, hamper; basket”), from Latin canistrum (“wicker basket”).


api

From Malay api, from Proto-Malayic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

a (usually self-sustaining) chemical reaction involving the bonding of oxygen with carbon or other fuel, with the production of heat and the presence of flame or smouldering.

the occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.

(figurative) strength of passion, whether love or hate.


honorarium

From Dutch honorarium, from Latin honōrārium.

honorarium (compensation, such as a salary, for professional services)


parang

From Malay parang, from Proto-Malayic *paraŋ.
* The sense as classic batik motif is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦫꦁ (parang, “batik pattern”, literally “cliff; knife, chopper, cleaver”), from Old Javanese paraṅ (“rock, crag”).

sl

a short, heavy, straight-edged knife or machete.

(zoology) dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab).


delirium

Borrowed from Dutch delirium, from Latin dēlīrium.


norma

Learned borrowing from Latin nōrma, perhaps via Etruscan from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “examiner, carpenter's square”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.

der

Masker menjadi norma baru.

norm, a rule that is enforced by members of a community.


schadenfreude

Unadapted borrowing from German Schadenfreude (“joy in the misfortune of others”), from Schaden (“damage, misfortune”) + Freude (“joy”).

ubor

schadenfreude: malicious enjoyment derived from observing someone else's misfortune.


lin

a route, a line (of transport, especially of public transport and airlines).


hara

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese ara, hara, hāra, āhāra (“food”), from Sanskrit आहार (āhāra, “food”).


teras

From Dutch terras, from French terrasse, from Old Occitan terrassa, from terra (“land”). Doublet of tras and trass. Cognate with Malay teres.

terrace (a platform that extends outwards from a building)

terrace (a raised, flat-topped bank of earth with sloping sides)

terrace (the roof of a building, especially if accessible to the residents)


teras

From Malay teras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təʀas.

core (the inner part of a nuclear reactor)

core (atomic nucleus plus inner/core electrons)


nazar

From Arabic نَظَر (naẓar). Doublet of nalar.

vow: A solemn promise to perform some act, or behave in a specified manner, especially a promise to live and act in accordance with the rules of a religious order.


tandu

→ Min Nan: 丹廚 /丹厨

From Malay tandu, from Classical Malay tandu, from Tamil தண்டு (taṇṭu, “palanquin”).


RT

rukun tetangga
rukun tetangga#Indonesian


imprimatur

Learned borrowing from Latin imprimātur (“let it be printed”), third person singular present subjunctive passive form of imprimere (“to imprint”).

learned borrowing

(Catholicism) imprimatur, an official license to publish or print something.


kram

(medicine, colloquial) alternative spelling of keram (“cramp”).


ipar

Inherited from Malay ipar, from Proto-Malayic *ipar (“in-law”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipaʀ.


damar

From Malay damar, from Proto-Malayic *damar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *damaʀ (“tree resin used in torches”). Compare Maori rama.


damar

From Minangkabau [Term?], probably cognate of Etymology 1 as referring to the construction of the candlenut torch.


sarana

→ Malay: sarana

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦫꦤ (sarana, “mean”), from Old Javanese śaraṇa (“refuge, protection; help, aid, means”), from Sanskrit शरण (śaraṇa, “refuge, protection”).


iga

From Javanese ꦲꦶꦒ (iga, “rib”), from Old Javanese higā, igā (“rib”). Cognate Balinese ᬳᬶᬕ (higa, “rib”).

(anatomy) rib: any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum.


buta

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦸꦠ (buta, “giant”), from Old Javanese bhūta, from Sanskrit भूत (bhūta, “demon”). Doublet of bota.


mala

From Malay mala, from Classical Malay mala, from Pali mala, from Sanskrit मल (mala).


busa

From Malay busa, from Proto-Malayic (compare Malay busa), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Fijian vuso).


mester

From Dutch meester, from Middle Dutch mêester, from Old Dutch *mēster, from Vulgar Latin *maester, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, magister, and master.


tenda

From Portuguese tenda, from Vulgar Latin tenda, or *tendita, substantivized feminine of *tenditus, as a variant form of tentus, perfect passive participle of Latin tendō.

tent: a pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, used for sheltering people from the weather.

hood, bonnet: the hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle.


kor

From Dutch koor (“choir”), from Middle Dutch côor, from Latin chorus. Cognate with Afrikaans koor, English choir.


hari

From Malay hari, from Proto-Malayic *ari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. According to Adelaar (1992), the intrusive h- was added to prevent vowel clusters in words such as *mata ari > matahari "sun".

a period from midnight to the following midnight.

(astronomy) rotational period of a planet (especially Earth).

the part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.

(meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.

age; time: a specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing.

daytime: part of a day period between sunrise and sunset where one enjoys daylight.


kas

Borrowed from Dutch kas, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa from Old Italian cassa, from Latin capsa (“box, case”), from capiō (“I take, I seize, I receive”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”).

der

money in the form of notes/bills and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks or electronic transactions.

(Standard Malay)

(accounting) liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.


kas

→ Ternate: kas (“cupboard”)


inci

From English inch, from Middle English ynche, enche, from Old English ynce, borrowed from Latin uncia (“twelfth part”). Compare to Japanese インチ (inchi, “inch”).

inch, a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot, or exactly 2.54 centimetres.


maja

From Malay maja, from Old Javanese maja (“Aegle marmelos”), probably from Prakrit majja (“intoxicant, wine, spirits”), from Sanskrit मद्य (madya, “intoxicating drink”).

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

(botany) bael, wood apple (Aegle marmelos)

Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima#Translingual

(botany) wood apple, elephant apple (Limonia acidissima)


kap

From Dutch kap, from Middle Dutch cappe, from Late Latin cappa.


akar

From Malay akar, from Classical Malay اكر (akar), from Proto-Malayic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(w)akar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ.
* Displaced Dutch wortel (“(arithmetic) square root, root”, literally “root (plant)”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(literally) the part of a plant, generally underground, that anchors and supports the plant body, absorbs and stores water and nutrients.

the part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place.

the part of a hair under the skin that holds the hair in place.

(figurative) origin: the primary source.

(arithmetic) of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.

(arithmetic) clipping of akar kuadrat (“a square root”).

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.

(computing) in UNIX terminology, the first user account with complete access to the operating system and its configuration, found at the root of the directory structure; the person who manages accounts on a UNIX system.


kari

one of a family of dishes originating from Indian cuisine, flavoured by a spiced sauce.

a spiced sauce or relish, especially one flavoured with curry powder.


tanda

Inherited from Malay tanda, from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝ (tandha), from Old Javanese taṇḍa (“standard, banner”), probably from Tamil தண்டம் (taṇṭam, “flag”, literally “stick, staff”), from Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa) (hence, doublet of denda).


soba

Borrowed from Japanese 蕎麦 (そば, soba, “buckwheat”).


poros

(geometry) an imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry).

the pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel

axletree: a transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage.


pagar

From Malay pagar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pager (“enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field”).


paras

Inherited from Malay paras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paras₂ (“face, looks, appearance”).


paras

Inherited from Malay paras, from Javanese ꦥꦫꦱ꧀ (paras, “rock”), from Old Javanese paras (“rock”). Doublet of padas.


kanca

From Javanese ꦏꦚ꧀ꦕ (kanca, “friend”), from Old Javanese kañca (“friend”).


seni

From Dutch East Indies Malay seni (“art”), probably from Sanskrit सनी (sanī, “reward, gift”)

the conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.

skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus.

...sport dan seni (kunst).

1934, Soetomo, Kenang kenangan, page 12:


seni

From Dutch genie
From French génie, from Latin genius. Doublet of zeni.


rica

From Manado Malay rica (“chili pepper”) and North Moluccan Malay rica, from Ternate rica, itself from Malay merica, from Pali marica, from Sanskrit मरिच (marica). Doublet of merica.


entente

From Dutch entente, from French entente (“understanding”).

(politics) entente, an informal alliance or friendly understanding between two states.


gom

Borrowed from Dutch gom (“gum”), from Middle Dutch gomme, from Old French gomme, from Late Latin gumma, from earlier gummi, cummi.

gum, various viscous or sticky substances exuded by certain plants or produced synthetically.


armada

From Malay armada, from Portuguese armada, from Medieval Latin armāta, from the feminine past participle of Latin armō, from arma.


mutagen

Borrowed from Dutch mutageen (“mutagen”), from English mutagen.

bor+

(genetics, pathology) mutagen: any agent or substance that can cause genetic mutation.


jala

From Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


dalam

Inherited from Malay dalam, from Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalem.


kitab

From Malay kitab, from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb, “book”).

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material).


tegel

From Dutch tegel, from Middle Dutch tigele, tegel, from Old Dutch tegela, from late Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ, from Latin tegula.


moderator

From Dutch moderator, from Latin moderātor.

someone who moderates: an arbitrator or mediator;

someone who moderates: the chair or president of a meeting.

(engineering) a substance (often water or graphite) used to decrease the speed of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increase likelihood of fission


hak

From Malay hak, from Classical Malay hak, from Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq, “truth”).

Kita harus menghormati hak orang lain.

We must respect the rights of other people.

right: that which complies with justice, law or reason; a legal, just or moral entitlement.


hak

From Dutch hak (“heel of a shoe”), from Middle Dutch hacke, from Middle Low German hakke, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hak(k)-.

heel: the part of a shoe's sole which supports the foot's heel.


hak

From Dutch haak (“hook”), from Middle Dutch hāke, from Old Dutch *hako, from Proto-Germanic *hakô.

(sewing) A hook used to pull thread through the holes of a button

A hook for pulling the buttons of gloves and shoes through the buttonholes.

(surgery, colloquial) retractor: a surgical instrument used to hold apart the edges of an incision or wound.


kanta

Inherited from Malay kanta (“lens”), from Sanskrit कान्त (kānta, “stone”).


sabun

From Malay sabun, from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn) or Portuguese sabão, both ultimately from Latin sapō.

der

Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)


roh

From Malay roh, ruh, from Classical Malay roh, ruh, from Arabic رُوح (rūḥ). Doublet of arwah.

A supernatural being without physical form; ghost, fairy, angel.

spirit
The soul of a person or other creature.


satai

From Malay satai, from Javanese sate. Doublet of sate.


salam

From Malay salam, from Classical Malay salam, from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Doublet of salim and syalom.

(Islam) salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting)


salam

From Malay salam (“Malabar plum, Java plum”), from Classical Malay salam, from Tamil சாலம் (cālam, “tree”), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla). Doublet of sala and syala.
* Semantic loan from Javanese salam (ꦱꦭꦩ꧀, “Indian bay leaf”).

sl

Syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini#Translingual

(rare) Malabar plum, Java plum (Syzygium cumini).


salam

From Arabic سَلَم (salam, “futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction”).


rupiah

From Pali rūpiya (“silver”), from Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “silver, stamped coin”).


tenge

From Kazakh теңге (teñge), from Old Turkic teg (“as, as much as, equal”), teŋ (“equivalent, balanced”), teŋe- (“compare, measure”). Doublet of tanggah.

tenge (national unit of currency of Kazakhstan)


riyal

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَال (riyāl). Doublet of rial and royal.

riyal (The official currency of Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia)


ras

From Dutch ras, from French race, from Middle French rasse "entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people", from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).


koruna

From Czech koruna and Slovak koruna; cognate with krone and German Krone. Doublet of korona.

The currency of the former Czechoslovakia, divided into 100 hellers.

The currency of the Czech Republic, divided into 100 hellers.

The former currency of Slovakia, divided into 100 haliers.


teori

From Dutch theorie (“theory”), from Middle French théorie, from Late Latin theōria, from Ancient Greek θεωρία (theōría, “contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at”), from θεωρέω (theōréō, “I look at, view, consider, examine”), from θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”), from θέαν (théan, “a view”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see, look”).

a coherent set of statements attempting to explain observed phenomena.

the underlying principles or methods of a given technical skill, art etc., as opposed to its practice.

mental conception; reflection, consideration.


hode

From a monster name in Ragnarok Online which have similar appearance to a penis. Popularized in online game Ayodance. Probably related to German Hode (“testicle”) and its ancestor Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”).

cog

(Internet slang) male-to-female cross-player:

a male player with women digital avatar, especially for fun.

a male pretend to be a female, especially for scamming


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from German Mol. Compare to Malay mol.

(chemistry) A mole (unit of chemical quantity).


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from French mol, mou, from Old French mol, from Latin mollem.


sagu

From Malay sagu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sagu (“processed sago; fluid oozing from a wound, infected sore, or corpse”).

inh

any of the palms from which sago is extracted.

a powdered starch obtained from certain palms, specifically Metroxylon sagu, used as a food thickener.

a powdered starch obtained from a palm-like cycad, Cycas revoluta.


lev

From Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

lev: the currency of Bulgaria, divided into 100 stotinki.


UM

unaccompanied minor
unaccompanied minor#English

(aviation) Initialism of unaccompanied minor.


pak

(slightly informal, between two speakers) sir

slightly informal; between two speakers; slightly informal; between two speakers


pak

From Dutch pak, from Middle Dutch pac, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *pakkô. Doublet of paket.


pak

→ Min Nan: 贌 (pa̍k)

From Dutch pacht (“lease”), from Middle Dutch pacht, from Latin pactum. Doublet of pakta.


div

(law enforcement) Abbreviation of divisi (“division”).


mur

From Dutch moer, a shortening of moerschroef, from moer (“mother”) + schroef (“bolt”).


siku

Inherited from Malay siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux.


siku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 市區(しく) (shiku, “municipal district, urban subdistrict”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

ja-r

Gambir siku

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kelurahan (“subdistrict”)


pirus

Inherited from Malay firus (“turquoise”), from Persian فیروزه (firuze, “turquoise”), پیروزه (piruze), from Middle Persian *pērōzag, from 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 (pērōz, “victorious”).

inh+

a sky-blue, greenish-blue, or greenish-gray semi-precious gemstone.

pirus:

a pale greenish-blue colour, like that of the gemstone.


opor

meat dish fried in santan (coconut flesh soaked in water)


suster

From Dutch zuster (“sister, nun, nurse”), from Middle Dutch suster, from Old Dutch swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


abi

From Arabic أَبِي (ʔabī, “father”), genitive construct state of أَب (ʔab, “father”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾab- (“father”). Doublet of aba, abu, and abbas.


rusa

From Malay rusa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa.


toa

A genericized trademark of the Japanese trademark TOA, from the first two characters (東亞(とうあ) (tōa, “East Asia”))) of its former name (東亞特殊電機(とうあとくしゅでんき) (tōatokushudenki)).

Toa di sekolah kami sangat nyaring.

The megaphone in our school is very loud.

(dialect, informal) sound system, including megaphone.


denda

Inherited from Malay denda, from Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa, “punishment, penalty”). Doublet of tanda.

der

Bentuk dari hukum adat tersebut adalah sistem denda....

The form of customary law is the fine system.

fine, a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law.


tawa

From Malay tawa, from Proto-Malayic *tawa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawa, from Proto-Austronesian *Cawa.


kapal

From Malay kapal (“ship”), from Classical Malay kapal (“decked ship”), from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). In the third sense, a mistranslation of English ship (“relationship”), from relation + -ship (etymologically unrelated to the noun ship).

(literal) A water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat.

(chiefly in combination) A vessel which travels through any medium other than across land, such as an airship or spaceship.

(slang, fandom slang) A fictional romantic relationship between two characters, either real or themselves fictional, especially one explored in fan fiction.


kapal

From Malay kapal (“thickening skin”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).


kantor polisi

id-noun

kantor polisi (plural kantor-kantor polisi)

Compound of kantor + polisi, calque of Dutch politiekantoor (“police station”) (compare Afrikaans polisiekantoor).


bakal

Inherited from Malay bakal, probably from Old Javanese bakal.

(biology) primordium: an aggregation of cells that is the first stage in the development of an organ.


apel

→ Ternate: apel

Borrowed from Dutch appel, from Middle Dutch appel, from Old Dutch *appel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple, apple-tree”).

der

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual


apel

Borrowed from Dutch appel (“roll call, appeal”), previously spelled appèl, from Middle Dutch appeel, from Old French apel, deverbal of Old French apeler, from Latin appellāre, present active infinitive of Latin appellō. Cognate of Afrikaans appèl (“roll call; appeal”).

bor+

Panglima Komando Daerah didampingi Kepala Kepolisian Daerah memimpin apel gelar pasukan pengamanan dalam rangka mengamankan kunjungan kerja wakil presiden.

The Commander of the Regional Command and Regional Police Chief leads the security forces ceremony during the working visit of the vice president.

...dalam praktik “Raden van Justitie” dalam apel, tidak mengharuskan kepada hakim banding untuk meninjau....

In Raden van Justitie practice in appeal, appellate judge was not obligated to consider....

(law) appeal: an application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re-examination or review.


biri

(rare) Alternative form of biri-biri (“sheep”)


taipan

From Cantonese 大班 (daai6 baan1, “big shot, rich businessman”).

zh-l

taipan, tycoon: A wealthy and powerful business person.


warga

From Malay warga, from Classical Malay ورڬ (warga), from Sanskrit वर्ग (varga).


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale (literally “deadly woman”).


topi

Inherited from Malay topi, from Tamil தொப்பி (toppi), from Hindi टोपी (ṭopī).


planetarium

Learned borrowing from New Latin planētārium.

lbor

planetarium: A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.


yel

From English yell, from Middle English ȝellen, yellen, from Old English ġiellan, from Proto-Germanic *gellaną.


buk

a sound of a large ripe fruit (object) falling to the ground


perjalanan

a set amount of travelling, seen as a single unit; a discrete trip, a voyage;

(figurative) any process or progression likened to a journey, especially one that involves difficulties or personal development

(rare) walking (the act of something that walks)

(uncountable, figurative, rare) behavior (human conduct relative to social norms)


kata kerja

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state.


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of translingual 語法. Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


pepaya

From Dutch papaja, originally from Lokono papáia.


kata penghubung

Compound of kata (“word”) + penghubung (“connector”), literally “connector word”.


contoh

From Malay contoh, from Tamil சௌத்து (cauttu, “pattern, sample, model”).

der

specimen: a part or snippet of something taken or presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole.

(statistics) a subset of a population selected for measurement, observation or questioning, to provide statistical information about the population.

a representation of a physical object, usually in miniature.

a successful example to be copied, with or without modifications.


jalan-jalan

Reduplication of jalan. From jalan + jalan.


kabar

Inherited from Malay khabar (“news”), from Classical Malay khabar (“report”), from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar, “news”). Doublet of kaba.

Apa kabar?

Kabar baik


bolpen

bolpèn (canonical)
bolpen-bolpen (plural)


bawah

From Malay tanah
From Malay bawah, from Proto-Malayic *babah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq.


rupa

From Malay rupa, from Classical Malay rupa, from Sanskrit रूप (rūpá, “form, shape, figure”).


sekolah

sêkolah (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah (plural)

→ Ternate: skola, sikola

Inherited from Malay sekolah, from Portuguese escola.

(education) an institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.

The time during which classes are attended or in session in an educational institution; school time

An establishment offering specialized instruction, as for driving, cooking, typing, coding, etc.

(Standard Malay)

(rare) within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area.


anggur

From Malay anggur, from Classical Malay اڠڬور (anggur), from Classical Persian انگور (angūr).

wine, an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of grapes.


anggur

cutting: a leaf, stem, branch, or root removed from a plant and cultivated to grow a new plant.


jeruk

→ Dutch: djeroek

From Malay jeruk from Javanese jeruk (ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀) or Sundanese ᮏᮨᮛᮥᮊ᮪ (jeruk), from Old Javanese jruk (“citrus fruits of various kinds”). Compare to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc/*kruəc (“citrus”). However, also note East Makian yorik (“citrus fruit”).


jingga

jingga:

orange: the colour of a ripe fruit of an orange tree, midway between red and yellow.


makanan

Inherited from Malay makanan, equivalent to makan + -an.

any solid substance that can be consumed by living organisms, especially by eating, in order to sustain life

food
anything that nourishes or sustains

food that is prepared and eaten, usually at a specific time, and usually in a comparatively large quantity (as opposed to a snack)


kertas

kêrtas (canonical)
kertas-kertas (plural)

From Malay kertas, from Arabic قَرْطَاس (qarṭās), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of kardus, kartel, karton, kartu, and katrij.


guna

From Malay guna (“usage”), from Classical Malay guna, from Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “use”).


merah

From Malay merah, from mirah, from Proto-Malayic *(ma-)irah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)iʀaq.

Merah adalah warna kesukaanku.

Red is my favourite colour.


udara

Borrowed from Sanskrit उदार (udāra, “lofty”).


gelas

From Malay gelas, from Dutch glas (“glass”), from Middle Dutch glas, from Old Dutch glas.


warna

From Malay warna, from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa). Compare Pali vaṇṇa, Hindi बान (bān), English varna.


adik

From Malay adik, from Classical Malay اديق (adik), from Old Malay hadik, from Proto-Malayic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

sibling ((younger) person who shares same parents)


kantor

From Malay kantor, from Dutch kantoor. Doublet of komputer and konter.
* Translation of Japanese 局(きょく) (kyoku, “bureau, department”) as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah. See kyoku.
* Translation of Japanese 省(しょう) (shō, “bureau, department”) as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah. See -zyoo.

office, a room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work.


luar

From Malay luar,
from Classical Malay luar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luqaR.


polisi

Borrowed from Dutch politie (“police”), from Middle Dutch policie, from Middle French policie, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Cognate of Afrikaans polisie.


nyamuk

Inherited from Malay nyamuk, from Proto-Malayic *ñamuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamuk.

mosquito (small flying insect of the family Culicidae, known for biting and sucking blood)


televisi

télévisi (canonical)
televisi-televisi (plural)

→ Cia-Cia: televisi

→ Iban: televisi

→ Javanese: ꦠꦺꦭꦺꦮ꦳ꦶꦱꦶ (télévisi)

→ Malay: televisi

From Dutch televisie. Cognate to Afrikaans televisie.

an electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound.

an electronic home entertainment device equipped with a screen and a speaker for receiving television signals and displaying them in audio-visual form.


pensil

pènsil (canonical)
pensil-pensil (plural)

Borrowed from English pencil or Dutch penseel, from Anglo-Norman and Old French pincil (see the variant pincel, which gave rise to Modern French pinceau (“paintbrush”)), from Latin pēnicillum, diminutive of pēniculus (“brush”), itself a diminutive of pēnis (“tail; penis”).


ibu

a (human) female who has given birth to a baby, who parents an adopted or fostered child, or who donates a fertilized egg or donates a body cell which has resulted in a clone.

something that is the greatest or most significant of its kind.

madam: A polite form of address for a woman or lady.


esok

From Malay esok, from Javanese ꦲꦺꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (ésuk), from Old Javanese isuk.


nyiur

From Malay nyiur, from Proto-Malayic *ñiur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ. Cognate with Tagalog niyog


panah

From Malay panah, from Classical Malay panah, from Proto-Malayic *panah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq. Compare with Tagalog pana (“bow”).

a projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.

a sign or symbol used to indicate a direction (e.g. →).


rumbia

From Malay rumbia, from Proto-Malayic *rumbia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumbia.


tiram

From Malay tiram, from Proto-Malayic *tirəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiʀəm.


udang

From Malay udang, from Classical Malay udang, from Proto-Malayic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.

a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs, of the genus Stenasellus, the infraorder Caridea or the suborder Dendrobranchiata; shrimp; prawn


henti

From Malay henti, from Proto-Malayic *hənti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qəti, from Proto-Austronesian *qəCi.
* The sense of arrest in medicine is a semantic loan from Dutch stilstand.


cumi

cumi-cumi (plural)
as cumi-cumi (reduplication usually)


taman

From Malay taman, possibly from Classical Persian چمن (čaman, “lawn, meadow, orchard”).


gempa

From Malay gempa,
from Classical Malay ݢمڤا (gĕmpa), from Sanskrit कम्प (kampa, “quake”). Doublet of kempa.

An earthquake, a trembling of the ground with force.


cuka

From Malay cuka (“vinegar, sour”), possibly:
* Prakrit *𑀘𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*cukka), from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “sourness; fruit vinegar”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”), Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka.
* Persian سرکا (serkâ, “vinegar”)


sinar

From Malay sinar, from Proto-Malayic *sinar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *siNaʀ.


tengah

têngah (canonical)
tengah-tengah (plural)

From Malay tengah (“center”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq.


telaga

têlaga (canonical)
telaga-telaga (plural)

From Malay telaga (attested in Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD as talāga), from Old Javanese talaga (“tank, pool, pond”), from Prakrit talāga, taḍāga, from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”). Cognate of Javanese ꦠ꧀ꦭꦒ (tlaga), Kapampangan talaga, Sundanese ᮒᮜᮌ (talaga, “lake”), and Ternate talaga (“lake”).


tuhan

From Malay tuhan, from Proto-Malayic *tuhan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan. Doublet of tuan and Tuhan.


ruang

Inherited from Malay ruang, from Proto-Malayic *ɣuhaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *Ruqaŋ (“hole, pit”).


tasik

From Malay tasik, Proto-Malayic *tasik, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tasik.


benua

From Malay benua, from Old Malay vanua, from Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Doublet of banua and wanua.


puspa

From Malay puspa,
from Classical Malay puspa, from Sanskrit पुष्प (puṣpa).


keju

From Malay keju, from Portuguese queijo, from Old Galician-Portuguese queijo, from Latin cāseus, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et- (“to ferment, become sour”).


tambang

From Malay tambang (“mine”), from Minangkabau tambang (“mine”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambeŋ (“covered, veiled”). Compare Maori tapa.

inh

mine: an excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels.


tambang

From Betawi [Term?] or Javanese ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ (tambang, “thick rope, cable, hawser”), from Old Javanese tambaṅ (“rope, rein, bow-string”).

der

tether: a rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement


tambang

From Malay tambang (“fare, freight”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?]. Compare Maori tapa, Old Javanese tambaṅ (“to ferry, ferry fare”).

cog

(rare, dialectal) ferry: a ship used to transport people, smaller vehicles and goods from one port to another, usually on a regular schedule.

(rare, dialectal) load: a certain number of articles or quantity of material that can be transported


merica

mêrica (canonical)
merica-merica (plural)

Inherited from Malay merica (“white pepper”), from Pali marica, from Sanskrit मरीच (marīca). Doublet of rica. Cognate of Hindi मिर्च (mirc, “pepper”).

inh+

the dried, unripe berries (peppercorns) of the plant which are commonly used as a spice and seasoning. They are either used whole, or in a ground or crushed form.


mantega

alternative spelling of mentega (“butter”)


bulu

From Malay bulu, from Proto-Malayic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu.

(anatomy) hair (the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of humans and animals)


kecap

Borrowed from Peranakan Indonesian ketjap (“soy sauce”), from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”). Compare Kapampangan kesiap, English ketchup.


kutub

Inherited from Malay kutub, from Arabic قطب.

Kutub Utara, Kutub Selatan

kutub positif, kutub negatif


mangga

From Malay mangga, from colloquial Tamil மாங்க (māṅka), from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango fruit”), or perhaps from another Dravidian language.


kereta

kêrèta (canonical)
kereta-kereta (plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Old Catalan carro
Old Catalan -eta
Old Catalan carretabor.?
Old Galician-Portuguese carreta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
Indonesian kereta
From Malay kereta, from Classical Malay [script needed] (karĕta), from Portuguese carreta. Compare Tagalog kareta.


bahaya

From Malay bahaya (“danger”), ultimately from Sanskrit भय (bhaya, “danger”).


terbang

têrbang (canonical)
terbang-terbang (plural)

a Malay tambourine that is used in Islamic devotional music in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore.


asal

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Malay asal
Indonesian asal
Inherited from Malay asal, borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl). Doublet of asli

etymon

the source of a river, information, goods, etc.


pandan

From Malay pandan, from Proto-Malayic *pandan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋdan, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

screw pine, any plant of the genus Pandanus.


nuri

parrot (any bird of the family Psittaculidae)


alu

From Malay alu, from Classical Malay ألو (alu), from Old Malay [script needed] (halu), from Proto-Malayic *halu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qahəlu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaSəlu (“pestle”).

pestle (instrument used with a mortar to grind things)


kadar

Inherited from Malay kadar, from Arabic قَدْر (qadr), قَدَر (qadar).


kadar

measure, a prescribed quantity or extent:

a limit that cannot be exceeded; a bound.

content: the amount of material contained.

(Standard Malay)


penggiling

head

penggiling (countable, plural not attested)

/pəŋ.ɡɪ.lɪŋ/

One who flattens and fills things (such as roads).

A machine used to flatten and fill things (such as roads).

roller (any machine, tool or machine part)


bogi

(transport) gig, chair, chaise: a two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage.


manuk

Inherited from Malay manuk, from Proto-Malayic *manuk (“chicken”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.

(by extension) Synonym of burung (“bird”)


otak

From Malay otak, from utak, from Proto-Malayic *utək, *utak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək, *qutak. Doublet of botak and kotak.


burung

→ Asilulu: burung

From Malay burung, from Classical Malay بوروڠ (burung), from Proto-Malayic *buruŋ.


urat

From Malay urat, from Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot. The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English tendon.

string or chord-like body structures (muscle, tendon, vein or nerve)

(anatomy) tendon: a tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts.

(geology) vein: a sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock.


urat

Borrowed from Dutch uraat (“urate”), from English urate.

(organic chemistry) urate: any salt of uric acid.


manusia

From Malay manusia, from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà, “human being”).

der

manusia serigala

manusia harimau

(fantasy, mythology, only in compounds) were- (indicates a person who changes shape into an animal)


nasi

→ Dutch: nasi

From Malay nasi, from Proto-Malayic *nasi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nasi.

(figuratively) livelihood, luck, fortune


hisab

From Malay hisab, from Classical Malay hisab, from Arabic حِسَاب (ḥisāb, “calculation”).


tangan

From Malay tangan, from Proto-Malayic *taŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan. Compare Banjarese tangan, Iban tangan, Malay tangan, Minangkabau tangan.

the part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals.

(figurative) that which resembles, has the appearance, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand.


getah

From Malay getah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gətəq (“sap, gummy secretion”), *-təq (“sap, gummy secretion”). Semantic loan from Dutch sap for the sense of biological fluid, biological juice.

inh

sap: the juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

latex: the milky sap of several trees that coagulates on exposure to air; used to make rubber.

(biology) fluid, juice: a clear liquid believed to be a component of a humour or other bodily fluid (esp. plasma and lymph)


lidah

Inherited from Malay lidah, from Proto-Malayic *dilah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”).

tongue (the flexible muscular organ in the mouth that is used to move food around)

(zoology) speckled tonguesole (Cynoglossus puncticeps)


waru

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦫꦸ (waru), from Old Javanese waru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu. Doublet of baru.

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)

(in extension, card games) spade: a playing card marked with the symbol ♠.


hulu

From Malay hulu, from Proto-Malayic *hulu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu. Doublet of ulu.

huluku sakit.

(anatomy, obsolete) head (part of the body)


nabi

From Malay nabi, from Arabic نَبِيّ, نَبِيء (nabiyy, nabīʔ, “nabi, prophet”).

der

نَبِيّ, نَبِيء


rokok

Aku baru saja membeli sebungkus rokok.


ajak

ajak-ajak (plural)
ajak (root)
mengajak (active)
terajak (active involuntary)
diajak (active involuntary passive)
ajak (active)
ajaklah (active)
mengajaki (active locative)
terajaki (involuntary locative)
diajaki (involuntary locative passive)
ajaki (locative)
ajakilah (locative)
mengajakkan (active applicative causative)
terajakkan (applicative causative)
diajakkan (applicative causative passive)
ajakkan (applicative causative)
ajakkanlah (applicative causative)
memperajak (active causative)
terperajak (active causative involuntary)
diperajak (active causative involuntary passive)
perajak (active causative)
perajaklah (active causative)
memperajaki (active causative locative)
terperajaki (causative involuntary locative)
diperajaki (causative involuntary locative passive)
perajaki (causative locative)
perajakilah (causative locative)
memperajakkan (active applicative causative)
terperajakkan (applicative causative)
diperajakkan (applicative causative passive)
perajakkan (applicative causative)
perajakkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay ajak, from Classical Malay اجق (ajak), from Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

(colloquial) alternative form of ajakan (“invitation”).


ajak

→ English: ajak

From Malay ajak, from Classical Malay اجق (ajak).


pugar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦸꦒꦼꦂ (puger). Semantic loan from Dutch herstellingsteken for music sense of natural.

sl

(music) natural: The symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.


jauhar

From Malay jauhar, from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), from Classical Persian گوهر (gawhar).


hujan

From Malay hujan, from Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


kepala

From Malay kepala, from Classical Malay: کڤالا (kepala), from Pali kapāla, from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-European *káp-ōl (“head, bowl”). Doublet of kopra.
* Sense of leader and chief is a semantic loan from Dutch hoofd via Malay.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English head.

der

(anatomy) head: the part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth and main sense organs.

Kepala suku

Kepala sekolah

(computing) head: part of a disk drive responsible for reading and writing data.


warta

From Malay warta, from Classical Malay ورتا (warta), from Javanese warta (ꦮꦂꦠ), from Old Javanese warta, wṛtta, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā). Doublet of warita and berita.


utara

From Malay utara, from Sanskrit उत्तर (uttara).


rambut

(colloquial) thread, filament, mane, body hair


bibir

From Malay bibir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bibiʀ.

(literally) either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth.


mulut

Inherited from Malay mulut, from Proto-Malayic *mulut.

The opening of a creature through which food is ingested.

The end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water.


bini

Inherited from Malay bini, from Proto-Malayic *bini, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binahi (“woman, wife”).


pria

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रिय (priya, “beloved”). Doublet of priayi.


kasih

Inherited from Malay kasih, from Proto-Malayic *kasih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy; pity; affection”), *qasiq (“pity, compassion, affection, love, sympathy, forgiveness”).
The sense of "to give" may be semantic extension from the action of loving into repaying or providing reciprocal affection.

inh

love, often referring to unconditional and compassionate love.

a deep caring for the existence of another

a profound and caring affection towards someone


duli

From Malay duli, from Sanskrit धूलि (dhūli).

For example, Duli Syah Alam, etc.


umur

From Malay umur, from Classical Malay umur, from Arabic عُمْر (ʕumr).


kunci

kunci (root)
mengunci (active)
terkunci (active involuntary)
dikunci (active involuntary passive)
kunci (active)
kuncilah (active)
menguncikan (active applicative causative locative)
terkuncikan (applicative causative locative)
dikuncikan (applicative causative locative passive)
kuncikan (applicative causative locative)
kuncikanlah (applicative causative locative)

From Malay kunci (“key”), from Hindi कुंजी (kuñjī, “key”), from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā).
* Semantic loan from Dutch sleutel for wrench, spanner and clef senses.
* Semantic loan from Dutch akkoord for chord sense.
* Semantic loan from English key for music (other than clef sense), education, computing, cryptography and internet sense.

(literally) lock, something used for fastening, which can only be opened with a key or combination.

(now literally) an object designed to open and close a lock.

(figurative) a crucial step or requirement.

(music, figurative) in musical theory, the total melodic and harmonic relations, which exist between the tones of an ideal scale, major or minor; tonality.

(Standard Malay)

(music, figurative) in musical theory and notation, the tonality centering in a given tone, or the several tones taken collectively, of a given scale, major or minor.

(computing) a value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container.

(cryptography) A piece of information (e.g. a passphrase) used to encode or decode a message or messages.

(Internet) A password restricting access to an IRC channel.

(education, figurative) answer key, an assorted list of solutions to problems or exercises in a test, textbook, etc.

(music, figurative) clef, a symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff.

(music, colloquial, figurative) chord, a harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.

spanner, wrench: a hand tool for adjusting nuts and bolts.


sarung

From Malay sarung, from Classical Malay sarung, from Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saruŋ (“sheath, sheath-like container; to sheathe a weapon”).

inh+

sarong (garment made of printed cloth wrapped about the waist)


ratna

From Sanskrit रत्न (rátna, “jewel, gem”).

jewel, A precious or semi-precious stone; gem, gemstone.


budi

From Malay budi, from Sanskrit बुद्धि (buddhi, “intelligence, mind, reason”).

der

sense: meaning, reason, conscious awareness.


pintu

(figurative) way: a method or manner of doing something.

gate: a passageway (as in an air terminal) where passengers can embark or disembark.


tebu

From Malay tebu, from Proto-Malayic *təbu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh, from Proto-Austronesian *təbuS.

sugar cane (species of grass whose sap is a source of sugar)


tangis

From Malay tangis, from Proto-Malayic *taŋis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋis, from Proto-Austronesian *Caŋis.


selamat

From Malay selamat, from Arabic سَلَامَات (salāmāt), plural of سَلَام (salām).


tahun

→ As: tahun

From Malay tahun, from Proto-Malayic *tahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun (compare Maori tau).

A solar year, the time it takes the Earth to complete one revolution of the Sun (between 365.24 and 365.26 days depending on the point of reference).

The time it takes for any astronomical object (such as a planet, dwarf planet, small Solar System body, or comet) in direct orbit around a star (such as the Sun) to make one revolution around the star.

A period between set dates that mark a year, from January 1 to December 31 by the Gregorian calendar, from Tishiri 1 to Elul 29 by the Jewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by the Islamic calendar.

A scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity.

(higher education) A level or grade in school or college.

year:
A level or grade in school or college.


kaum

From Malay kaum, from Classical Malay kaum, from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).


layar

From Malay layar, from Proto-Malayic *layar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ (“sail”).

(nautical) sail (a piece of fabric attached to a boat)

screen: the viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.


layar

Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus).

keeltail needlefish (Platybelone argalus).


buah

Inherited from Malay buah, from Old Malay vuaḥ, from Proto-Malayic *buah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Austronesian *buaq.
* The sense of result and outcome are probably semantic loan from Sanskrit फल (phala, “result, yield, consequence”, literally “fruit”). Compare with Tagalog bunga with both fruit and result senses, while Malay and subsequently Indonesian bunga means flower.

sl

a product of plant growth useful to man or animals

a sweet, edible part of a plant that resembles seed-bearing fruit (see next sense), even if it does not develop from a floral ovary

(literally) fruit:
a product of fertilization in a plant


gali

From Dutch galei, from Middle Dutch galeye, from Old French galee, from Latin galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea) of unknown origin, probably from Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē), a kind of a small fish, from γαλεός (galeós, “dog-fish or small shark”). Cognate of Malay gali, ghali (“galley”).

(nautical) galley: A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually referring to rowed warships used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era.


gali

Blend of gabungan (“group”) + anak (“child”) + liar (“wild”).


hati

From Malay hati, from Proto-Malayic *hati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

heart (seat of affections or sensibilities)


hidup

Inherited from Malay hidup, from Classical Malay hidup, from Old Malay hidup, from Proto-Malayic *hidup, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudip by metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudip, from Proto-Austronesian *qudip. Doublet of urip and urit.


menteri

id-noun

mêntêri (plural menteri-menteri or para menteri)

mêntêri (canonical)
menteri-menteri (plural)
para menteri (plural)

From Malay menteri, from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, manti, and mantri.

(government) minister (politician who heads a ministry)

(chess) queen (a chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful)

(chess) bishop (the chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝)


berat

From Malay berat, from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Doublet of bobot.


kaus

Borrowed from Dutch kous (“stocking”), from Middle Dutch couse, from Picard Old French cauce, from Vulgar Latin calcea, from Latin calceus.


kaus

From Malay kaus,
from Classical Malay kaus, from Classical Persian کوش (kawš, “shoe, slipper”), an alternative form of کفش (kafš).


kaus

From Malay kaus,
from Classical Malay kaus, from Arabic قَوْس (qaws, “bow”).


jati

→ Dutch: djati, djatihout, djatiboom

→ Min Nan: 惹致 (jiá-tì)

Inherited from Malay jati, from Old Javanese jati, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jelata.

Tectona grandis
Tectona grandis#Translingual


kilat

From Malay kilat (“lightning”), from Proto-Malayic *kilat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.

(literally) lightning: a flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.


derma

From Malay derma, from Classical Malay derma (“alms”), from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “morality, religion, duty, law”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-mos, from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). Doublet of darma and firma.

alms, something given to the poor as charity, such as money, clothing or food.


rotan

Affixed raut + -an, inherited from Malay rotan.

rattan (Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus.)


beras

From Malay beras, from Proto-Malayic *bəras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.


gua

From Malay gua, from Sanskrit गुहा (guhā, “cave”).


hadap

From Malay hadap, from Proto-Malayic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of depan.


kulit

From Malay kulit, from Proto-Malayic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

skin (outer covering of the body of a person)

leather (material produced by tanning animal skin)


beri

Borrowed from English berry, from Middle English berye, from Old English berġe, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją.

berry (a small succulent fruit, of any one of many varieties)

(botany) berry (a soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits)


metan

Abbreviation of media tanam (“growth medium”).


putih

From Malay putih, from Classical Malay putih (“white”), from Proto-Malayic *putih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq.


duri

From Malay duri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi.


hiu

From Malay hiu (Standard yu), from Proto-Malayic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiu, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu, from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.


telur

From Malay telur, from Classical Malay telur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, *qatəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.

egg (object produced by various animals to house an embryo)

(specifically) egg (of a bird, especially a chicken, considered food)

(by extension) something egg-shaped, ovate


ratu

From Malay ratu, from Old Javanese ratu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Doublet of datu and datuk.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ratu (ꦫꦠꦸ).
* For sense of the most powerful piece in chess, semantic loan from Dutch koningin.
* For sense of powerful or forceful female, semantic loan from English queen.

queen:
powerful or forceful female person

(chess) the most powerful piece, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.


sakar

From Malay sakar, probably via Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂.

sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)

(medicine) blood sugar: the amount of glucose in a person's blood.


papan

From Malay papan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *papan (compare Maori papa).


tahu

→ Ternate: tahu

From Malay tauhu, from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū, “tofu, bean curd”), from Middle Chinese 豆 (dùw, “bean”) + 腐 (bjú, “rotten, fermented”). Doublet of tofu.

Ibu sedang membuat tahu bacem.


nusa

Inherited from Malay nusa, from Proto-Malayic *nusa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nusa.


marga

* Ultimately from Pali magga (“oath; road”) and Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “reach, range; mark, scar; track of a wild animal”), vṛddhi derivative of मृग (mṛga, “game animal; deer”).
** Inherited from Malay marga (“wild animal”), from Classical Malay marga, from Old Malay margga (“track, way”) (as in Talang Tuwo inscription (684 CE), compare to Balinese ᬫᬵᬃᬕ᭄ᬕ), came from above.
** The sense of clan is a semantic loan from Toba Batak marga (“clan”), came from above.
** The sense of hamlet is a semantic loan from Musi marga (“hamlet”), came from above.
** The sense of road is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦂꦒ (marga, “road”), came from above.
* The sense of family name is a semantic loan from Dutch familienaam (“family name”) as semantic extension of clan.
* The sense in taxonomy is a semantic loan from Dutch geslacht (“genus”, literally “linage, generation”) and Latin genus (literally “group; type, class; lineage, descent”) as semantic extension of clan.

sl

a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief.

(anthropology) clan:
specifically, the marga, Batak clan.

(historical) hamlet, a small village or a group of houses, in South Sumatra.

(biology, taxonomy) genus, a rank in the classification of organisms, below family and above species; a taxon at that rank.

Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga

Jasa Marga

(only in compounds) way, road, route, path


buaya

From Malay buaya, from Proto-Malayic *buhaya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.

(figurative, slang) ellipsis of buaya darat (“playboy, womanizer”).


nadi

From Malay nadi, from Sanskrit नाडी (nāḍī, “blood vessel”), नड (naḍá, a species of reed), a corruption of नद (nadá, “river; penis”), Sanskrit नदी (nadī́, “flowing water, river”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *nadíH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadíH (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ned-ih₂, from *ned- (“thundering, roaring, rushing”) + *-íh₂.

suf

(anatomy) artery: any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

(physiology) pulse: a normally regular beat felt when arteries are depressed, caused by the pumping action of the heart.


TMT

terhitung mulai tanggal
terhitung mulai tanggal#Indonesian

teman makan teman
teman makan teman#Indonesian

(colloquial) Initialism of teman makan teman.


kursi

Inherited from Malay kursi (Standard Malay kerusi (“chair”)), from Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy). Compare to Baba Malay krosi, Javanese ꦏꦸꦂꦱꦶ (kursi).

an item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person.

(figurative) the seat or office of a person in authority.


kampung

From Malay kampung. Cognate of Minangkabau kampuang, Acehnese gampông.

the fourth-level administrative division, usually in rural area, below the kecamatan

Kampung Cina

Kampung Melayu

community (an area where a particular ethnic group inhabits)


tani

Inherited from Malay tani, from Tamil தானி (tāṉi, “place”), from Pali ṭhāna (“place”), from Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna).


tani

(archaic) ropes on the boat to secure the mast.


kalo

type of bamboo sieve used to filter coconut milk


kerja

From Malay kerja, from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya). Doublet of karya.

(physics) a measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance.

(physics, more generally) a measure of energy that is usefully extracted from a process.

action: a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings).


cita

From Malay cita, from Pali citta, from Sanskrit चित्त (citta). Doublet of cipta.

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of kreativitas (“creativity”)

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of cita-cita (“ambition, determination, goal”)

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of cinta (“love”)

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of gagasan (“idea”)


madu

Inherited from Malay madu, from Sanskrit मधु (mádhu).


madu

Inherited from Malay madu, from Old Javanese madu, maru (“co-wife, jealous”) (compare Indonesian mendua).
Comparable to Chinese 蜜 (mì, “honey, mistress”).

der

mistress, the other woman,
in polygyny relation.

mistress, the other woman,
(figurative) in other type of relation.

mistress, the other woman,
in other type of relation.


seri

From Dutch serie (“series”), from French série, from Latin series.

a number of things that follow on one after the other or are connected one after the other.

(broadcasting) a television or radio program which consists of several episodes that are broadcast in regular intervals.

a work, such as a work of fiction, published in installments, often numbered and without a specified end.

a publication issued in successive parts, often numbered and with no predetermined end.


seri

From Malay seri, from Sanskrit श्री (śrī).


putra

From Malay putera, from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra).

Coordinate term: putri

Pebulu tangkis tunggal putra


inti

(chemistry, nuclear physics) short for inti atom (“atomic nucleus”).

core
short for inti atom (“atomic nucleus”).


pada

(literature) pada: The basic metric unit of Vedic poetry, consisting of one line of verse in Sanskrit, typically as part of a four-line stanza.


oto

Clipping of otomobil, from Dutch automobiel (“car”).

(dated or regional) car; automobile (a vehicle steered by a driver)


lisan

From Malay lisan, from Classical Malay lisan, from Arabic لِسَان (lisān, “tongue”).

verbal communication
verbal communication


langit

Inherited from Malay langit, from Proto-Malayic *laŋit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC. Compare Malagasy lanitra, Maori rangi.

sky (the atmosphere above a given point)


pusa

Inherited from Malay pusa (“urge, impuls”). The sense of physical momentum is a semantic loan from Dutch impuls.

inh+

(mechanics) momentum: of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity.


kuli

From Malay kuli, from Hindi क़ुली (qulī), from Chagatai [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”).
Other forms occur in Bengali কুলি (kuli) and Tamil கூலி (kūli, “daily hire”), which are possibly also influenced by Hindi कोली (kolī, “weaver; low-class”). The Chinese word 苦力 (kǔlì), meaning "to exert one's abilities; heavy labour work" in Classical Chinese, may have been influenced by cognates of the above Hindi word in other languages and may have further influenced English.

Ia menambahkan pernah juga bekerja sebagai kuli bangunan, buruh pabrik di Solo, pernah juga bekerja di warung makan.

2019 February 20, “Pernah Jadi Kuli Bangunan, Wisanggeni Kini Tekuni Melukis [Once a Construction Laborer, Wisangenni Now Draws Diligently]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-09-06:

He adds that he had once worked as a construction laborer, a factory worker at Solo, and had also worked at a food stall.


arus

From Malay arus, from Proto-Malayic *harus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀus. Semantic loan from Dutch stroom (“electrical current”, literally “flow; small stream”).

sl

The generally unidirectional movement of a gas or fluid.

flow, stream: The part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction.

(electricity, electronics) electric current: the amount of electric charge flowing in each unit of time.

Movement in people or things characterized with a continuous motion, involving either a non solid mass or a multitude.

The movement of a real or figurative fluid.

circulation: The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated.


pinggan

Inherited from Malay pinggan, from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”).

der

Baginya, maju perang tanpa strategi dan mengandalkan kenekatan belaka, ibarat mengantarkan kepala kepada musuh di atas sebuah pinggan emas.

2014, Irma Devita Purnamasari, Sang Patriot: Sebuah Epos Kepahlawanan [The Patriot: An Epic of Heroism] (fiction), MDP Press, →ISBN, page 73:

For him, advancing war without strategy and relying entirely on dauntlessness is akin to delivering [his own] head to the enemy on a golden plate.

di mana pinggan pecah, di sana tembikar tinggal

seperti pinggan dengan mangkuk, salah sedikit hendak berantuk


kutu

From Malay kutu, from Tamil கூட்டு (kūṭṭu, “companionship, fellowship, friendship”).


zat

From Malay zat, dat, from Classical Malay zat, dat, dzat, dhat, from Arabic ذَات (ḏāt, “being, essence, substance, nature”).


laba

From Malay laba,
from Classical Malay laba, from Sanskrit लाभ (lābha, “profit”).

laba sebelum pembentukan perseroan terbatas


lor

From Javanese lor (ꦭꦺꦴꦂ), from Old Javanese lor, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Doublet of laut.


fiche

Unadapted borrowing from French fiche (“card (in a file); record”).

ubor

(information science) card, like a punch card, microfiche or file card


saus

From Dutch saus (compare to Afrikaans sous), from Middle Dutch sause, from Old French sauce, from Latin salsus (“salt”).

Elemen cita rasa sajian Thailand terdiri dari empat rasa: manis, pedas, asam (dari cuka, air jeruk nipis, dan air asam), dan asin (dari kecap asin, saus ikan).

Thailand cuisine consist of four tastes, i.e. sweet, hot, sour (from vinegar, lime and sour liquid) and salty (from salted soy sauce, fish sauce).

(cooking) sauce, a liquid (often thickened) condiment or accompaniment to food.


bambu

From Malay bambu, from Tamil வேம்பு (vēmpu). Cognate of Kannada ಬಂಬು (bambu).


ardi

Inherited from Malay ardi (“mountain”), from Old Javanese ardi, adri (“mountain”), from Sanskrit अद्रि (adri, “rock, stone; mountain”).


ardi

Inherited from Malay ardi (“earth”), from Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ, “earth”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾarṣ́-.


kasi

Blend of kepala (“head”) + seksi (“section”).


kasi

Alternative spelling of khasi (“eunuch”).


susu

Inherited from Malay susu, from Proto-Malayic *susu(ʔ) (“breast”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu. The current sense of "milk" is developed from "breast" (commonly displaced by payudara) → "breast milk" (now replaced by the specific term air susu ibu, literally "mother's milk water") → "milk" (generalized to all types of milk).

a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young. From certain animals, especially cows, it is also called dairy milk and is a common food for humans as a beverage or used to produce various dairy products such as butter, cheese, and yogurt.

a white (or whitish) liquid obtained from a vegetable source such as almonds, coconuts, oats, rice, and/or soy beans. Also called non-dairy milk.

Aku minum segelas susu setiap hari.

Kecil sekali susunya!

(now colloquial, vulgar) two organs on the front of a female chest.

(countable) breast
the analogous organs in other animals.


ganda

From Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa, “whole cheek, side, joint”).


ganda

Borrowed from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandá, “scent, smell”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).


taruh

From Malay taruh, from Proto-Malayic *taruh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀuq.


naga

Inherited from Malay naga, from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).


hidung

From Malay hidung, from Proto-Malayic *hiduŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, *ujuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *mujiŋ.


luak

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦸꦮꦏ꧀ (luwak), from Old Javanese luwak (“civet-cat”).

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus#Translingual

Asian palm civet, toddy cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).


luak

Borrowed from Minangkabau luak (“well”). Doublet of lurah.


penyu

From Malay penyu, from Proto-Malayic *pəñu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəñu, from Proto-Austronesian *pəñu.

sea turtle (any turtle that inhabits oceans)


luah

Inherited from Malay luah, from Proto-Malayic *luah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luaq (compare Fijian lua, Malagasy lua, Maori ruaki).

nausea: a feeling of illness or discomfort in the digestive system, usually characterized by a strong urge to vomit.


luah

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lwah (“river”) (compare to Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦃ (loh) and Balinese ᬮᬸᬯᬄ (luah)).

lbor

(agriculture) the volume of liquid flowing through a surface per unit time


mara

From Sanskrit मार (māra, “slaughter, destruction”).


mara

From Sanskrit कोट (koṭa, “fort, shed, hut”) + मार (māra, “killing, destroying”).

compound

Alternative spelling of kotamara (“a kind of naval defensive structure”).


perahu

pêrahu (canonical)
perahu-perahu (plural)

Inherited from Malay perahu, from Proto-Malayic *pArahu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀaqu (compare Tongan folau).


taci

From Malay taci, from Hokkien 大姊 (tōa-chí, “elder sister”).


buluh

From Malay buluh, from Proto-Malayic *buluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buluq (compare Malagasy volo), from Proto-Austronesian *buluq.

(botany) culm (the stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge)


papar

From Malay papar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *parpar (“flat, level”). Doublet of popor. Compare Hawaiian papa.

inh

hilt: the handle of a sword, consisting of grip, guard, and pommel, designed to facilitate use of the blade and afford protection to the hand.


lumut

From Malay lumut, from Proto-Malayic *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


labah

Nonstandard form of laba-laba (“spider”).


bukit

From Malay bukit, from Proto-Malayic *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukij, from Proto-Austronesian *bukij.


nanah

Inherited from Malay nanah, from Proto-Malayic *nanah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.

pus (fluid found in regions of infection)


langau

Inherited from Malay langau, from Classical Malay langau, from Proto-Malayic *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw.


kumis

From Malay kumis, from Proto-Malayic *kumis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kumis.


kain

From Malay kain, from Classical Malay کاءين, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kain (“woman's skirt”).


SPP

surat persetujuan pembayaran
surat persetujuan pembayaran#Indonesian

(business) Initialism of surat persetujuan pembayaran.

(education) Initialism of sumbangan pembinaan pendidikan.

surat perjanjian penerbitan
surat perjanjian penerbitan#Indonesian

(printing) Initialism of surat perjanjian penerbitan.

Initialism of surat permintaan pembayaran.


lubang

From Malay lubang, from Proto-Malayic *lubaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lubaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *lubaŋ (“burial pit”). Doublet of lowong and luang.

der

(physics) in semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.

lubang pohon


pusat

Inherited from Malay pusat, from Proto-Malayic *pusət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj.

the point in the interior of a circle or sphere that is equidistant from all points on the circumference.

a place where the greater part of some function or activity occurs.

(anatomy) navel: the indentation or bump remaining in the abdomen of mammals where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.


kabut

From Malay kabut, from Proto-Malayic *kabut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kabut. Doublet of kabut. Cognate of Indonesian kabus.

A fog; a thick cloud that reduces visbility, and forms near ground level.


untung

From Malay untung, from Classical Malay ontong, untung, from Proto-Malayic *untuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utuŋ.

synonym of faedah, guna, manfaat (“use”)


roti

From Malay roti, from Tamil ரொட்டி (roṭṭi), from Sanskrit रोटी (roṭī), रोटिका (roṭikā, “bread”).

bread: foodstuff made by baking dough made from cereals.


pasar

From Malay pasar (“market”), from Tamil பசார் (pacār, “bazaar”), from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /wāzār/, “market”). Doublet of bazar.


kuku

From Malay kuku, from Proto-Malayic *kuku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.

(anatomy) a curved, pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot of a mammal, reptile, or bird.

a mechanical device resembling a claw, used for gripping or lifting.

(anatomy) hoof: the tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering.


tengar

têngar (canonical)
tengar-tengar (plural)

Inherited from Malay tengar, from Proto-Malayic *təŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋəʀ.


daun

From Malay daun, from Proto-Malayic *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.


guruh

From Malay guruh, from kuruh, from Proto-Malayic *kuruh (compare Malay guruh), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀuq (compare Chamorro hulu, Fijian kuru).


ulat

From Malay ulat, from Proto-Malayic *hulət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quləj, from Proto-Austronesian *quləj.

caterpillar (young of a butterfly or moth)

any of various tubular invertebrates resembling maggot

Harga ulat itu di pasaran mampu menembus Rp 75 ribu/ kilogram, sehingga potensial jadi sumber pemasukan keluarga. Selain ulat itu sendiri, kotorannya pun potensial menghasilkan rupiah karena mampu disulap jadi pupuk tanaman.

2019 September 7, Royce Wijaya, “Kotoran Ulat Hongkong Dibuat Jadi Pupuk [Excrement from Hong Kong Worms (Mealworms) Made Into Fertilizer]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-09-12:

The market price of the worms is able to reach Rp 75,000 per kilogram, making it a potential source of family income. Besides the worms, its excrement also has the potential of generating income because it can be transformed into plant fertilizer.


dahi

(anatomy) forehead (part of face above eyebrows)


SMP

sekolah menengah pertama
sekolah menengah pertama#Indonesian

junior high school
junior high school#English

secondary school
secondary school#English

Initialism of sekolah menengah pertama. (corresponding to junior high school (US) or lower secondary school (UK))


tuju

Inherited from Malay tuju, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzu.


mutu

From Malay mutu, probably Tamil முது (mutu, “vast knowledge”).


mutu

Probaly from Tamil முத்து (muttu, “pearl, tears”).


mula

From Malay mula, from Sanskrit मूल (mūla).


pending

embossed plate of metal (e.g. gold or silver) covering a clasp through which a belt/girdle passes, worn as an ornament in front of the body.


mimbar

(figurative) forum, place to express idea.


ajal

From Malay ajal (“death, demise”), from Classical Malay اجل (ajal), from Arabic أَجَل (ʔajal).
* The sense of deadline is a semantic loan from Arabic أَجَل (ʔajal).

demise: the end of one's allotted lifespan.


noblesse oblige

id-noun

noblesse oblige (plural noblesse-noblesse oblige)

Unadapted borrowing from French noblesse oblige (literally “nobility obliges”).

ubor

noblesse oblige: the honourable obligation that is the responsibility of those of high rank; this often includes the expectation of benevolent actions such as helping those less fortunate.


dumping

(trading) dumping: selling goods at less than their normal price, especially in the export market as a means of securing a monopoly.


wong

From Javanese ꦮꦺꦴꦁ (wong, “human, person”), from Old Javanese woṅ, wwaṅ, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dauŋ or ʀauŋ. Doublet of orang and bong. Cognate of Balinese wong (ᬯᭀᬂ).

(colloquial) synonym of orang (“human, person”).


tempura

Borrowed from Japanese 天麩羅 (てんぷら, tenpura), from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin. Different dictionaries link two different original terms:
* Portuguese tempero (“seasoning”) or tempera (“he/she/it seasons; season!”), third-person present singular or imperative tense of temperar (“to season, to temper”), from Latin temperare (“to mix, to temper”).
* Portuguese têmpora (“Ember days”), from Latin tempora, plural of tempus (“time; period”). When Portuguese explorers (mostly Jesuit missionaries) arrived in Japan, they abstained from eating beef, pork, and poultry during the Ember days, a Catholic series of holidays. Instead, they ate fried vegetables and fish. This was the first contact of the Japanese with fried food, and since then they began associating the Portuguese word têmpora (which they pronounced tenpura) with such food.

(cooking) A Japanese dish made by deep-frying vegetables, seafood, or other foods in a light batter.

Daijirin
Daijisen
Ember days
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
id:tempura
ja:松村明


aur

From Malay aur, from Proto-Malayic *haur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qauʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qauʀ.


arde

From Dutch aarde (“earth”), from Middle Dutch āerde, from Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-Germanic *erþō. Cognate to Afrikaans aarde.

kabel arde


strategi

stratégi (canonical)
strategi-strategi (plural)

From Dutch strategie, from French stratégie, from Old French strategie, from Ancient Greek στρατηγία (stratēgía, “office of general, command, generalship”).


lup

From Dutch loep (“magnifying glass”), from French loupe, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”).

magnifying glass
magnifying glass#English


puja

From Malay puja, from Sanskrit पूजा (pūjā). Doublet of puji.


kabana

From English cabana, from Spanish cabaña, from Old Spanish cabanna, from Late Latin cabanna, capanna, of uncertain origin; possibly a metathesis of Latin canaba. Doublet of kabin and kabinet.

cabana: a shelter on a beach or at a swimming pool.


ketel

From Dutch ketel, from Middle Dutch ketel, from Old Dutch *ketil, from Proto-Germanic *katilaz, from Late Latin catillus.

kettle, cauldron (a pot used to boil water)


prah

From Dutch vracht (“freight, mass”), from Middle Dutch vracht, from Middle Low German vracht, vrecht (“payment for cargo”), from Old Saxon frāht, frēht, from Proto-Germanic *fra- + *aihtiz.

(colloquial) freight, goods or items in transport.


kup

From Dutch coupé (“coupé”), from French coupé (an elliptical form of carosse coupé (“cut carriage”)), the past participle of couper (“to cut”). Doublet of kupe.


kup

From Dutch coup, from French coup (“blow, strike”), from Old French colp, from Vulgar Latin *colpus, from Latin colaphus, from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos).


spet

alternative spelling of sepuit (“syringe”).


eden

From Dutch Eden, from Middle Dutch eden, from Latin Eden, from Biblical Hebrew עֵדֶן (ʿḗden), from Akkadian 𒂊𒁲𒉡 (edinu, “plain, lowland; wilds, steppes; land naturally irrigated, untouched fertile land”), from Sumerian 𒂔 (eden, “plain, open country”). Doublet of adnan.


teko

zh-l

茶鈷／茶钴 (tê-kó͘, têe-kó͘)


carte de visite

id-noun

carte de visite (plural carte-carte de visite)

Unadapted borrowing from French carte de visite (“visiting card”).


sapo

Unknown, possibly from Japanese しゃぶしゃぶ (shabushabu); onomatopoeic, resembling the sound emitted when the ingredients are stirred in the pot.


persil

pèrsil (canonical)
persil-persil (plural)

From Dutch perceel, from Middle Dutch perceel, from older parcheel, from Old French parcelle, from Late Latin particella, from Latin particula. Doublet of partikel and parsel.


restan

rèstan (canonical)
restan-restan (plural)

From Dutch restant, from French restant.

(colloquial, somewhat dated) remnant, remainder


ancien régime

id-noun

ancien régime (plural ancien-ancien régime)

Unadapted borrowing from French ancien régime (“former government”)


joli

From Javanese ꦗꦺꦴꦭꦶ (joli, “palanquin”), from Old Javanese joli (“palanquin”), from Sanskrit दोला (dolā, “litter”).


segel

From Dutch zegel, from Middle Dutch sēgel, from Old Dutch *sigil, from Latin sigillum. Doublet of sijil.


profesor

From Dutch professor, from Middle Dutch professoor, from Latin professor (“declarer, person who claims knowledge”), from the past participle stem of profiteor (“profess”).

der

professor (the most senior rank for an academic at a university or similar institution)


BU

(medicine, surgery) Initialism of bising usus (“peristalsis”).


paradiso

Borrowed from Italian paradiso, from Latin paradīsus, from Ancient Greek παράδεισος (parádeisos), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah. Doublet of firdaus. Compare Tagalog paraiso.


ranting

branch of an organization in village level


hama

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦩ (ama, “insect pest, plant disease; public nuisance”), probably from Sanskrit अम (ama, “disease”).


alur

Inherited from Malay alur, from Proto-Malayic *halur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qaluʀ, from the root *-luʀ.

Ellipsis of alur air: water source located in the middle of agricultural land, ie. irrigation.


RL

(accounting) Initialism of risalah lelang (“auction report”).


SKS

satuan kredit semester
satuan kredit semester#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of satuan kredit semester (“course credit”).

sistem kebut semalam
sistem kebut semalam#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sistem kebut semalam (“overnight cramming”, literally “overnight rush system”).


parut

(dermatology, pathology) cicatrice, scar: a permanent mark on the skin, sometimes caused by the healing of a wound.

(pathology) scar: an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue after an injury.


MK

mahkamah konstitusi
mahkamah konstitusi#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of mahkamah konstitusi.


giri

From Javanese ꦒꦶꦫꦶ (giri, “mountain”), from Old Javanese giri (“mountain”), from Sanskrit गिरि (giri, “mountain”).


gir

Borrowed from English gear. Compare to Standard Malay géar.

gear (particular combination or choice of interlocking gears)


magasin

From Dutch magazijn, from French magasin, from Arabic مَخَازِن (maḵāzin, “storerooms, storehouses”).

der

a chamber in a firearm enabling multiple rounds of ammunition to be fed into the firearm.


blok

From Dutch blok (“block”), from Middle Dutch blok, from Old Dutch *blok, from Proto-Germanic *blukką, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“thick plank, beam, pile, prop”). Cognate of Afrikaans blok.
* Semantic loan from English block for sense of (sport) an action to interfere.

substantial often approximately cuboid piece.

group of buildings demarcated by streets.

(sports) an action to interfere with the movement of an opposing player or of the object of play (ball, puck).

(nautical) a case with one or more sheaves/pulleys, used with ropes to increase or redirect force, for example, as part of the rigging of a sailing ship.

(anesthesiology, neurology) deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief.

(colloquial) something that prevents something from passing.

bloc: a group of countries acting together for political or economic goals.


saka

From Malay saka, from Pali saka (“name of a tree (Tectona grandis)”), from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch, door post”).


saka

(clipping) Alternative spelling of pusaka (“heirloom, inheritance”).


saka

From Minangkabau [Term?], probably from Sanskrit सखा (sakhā), सखि (sakhi, “friend, assistant, brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sákʰā, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷH- (“friend, companion”), from *sekʷ- (“follow”). Doublet of saki.

the customary rank of the people who are hereditary.


saka

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂. Doublet of sakar (“sugar”).


matros

From Dutch matroos, from French matelot, from Middle Dutch mattenoot.


duk

From Dutch doek, from Middle Dutch doec, from Old Dutch *duok, from Proto-Germanic *dōkaz.

a piece of cloth:
(surgery, colloquial) drape.


regulator

a device that controls or limits something.

(Standard Malay)

a person or group that sets standards of practice, especially those established by law.

a very accurate clock, used by clockmakers to measure the timekeeping of each newly made clock.

(genetics) a gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes.


sparing

(colloquial) to practice for martial arts or hand-to-hand combat.


umbi

Inherited from Malay umbi, a doublet of ubi, from Proto-Malayic *hubi (“yam”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi.

tuber, corm (thickened underground stem of plant)


kanker

kankêr (canonical)
kanker-kanker (plural)

From Dutch kanker (“cancer”), from Middle Dutch canker, from New Latin cancer. Cognate of Afrikaans kanker. Doublet of Kanser.

(oncology) cancer (disease of uncontrolled cellular proliferation).


kapel

From Dutch kapel, from Middle Dutch capelle, ultimately from Latin cappella. Doublet of kapela.

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) chapel: a place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church.


serai

Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus#Translingual


graver

From Dutch graveur, from French graveur.


paus

From Malay paus, from Proto-Malayic *paus, of unknown origin. Compare Minangkabau pauih.

unknown

unknown

Paus biru adalah mamalia terbesar.


paus

From Dutch paus, from Middle Dutch paus, paues, pauwes, from Old French papes (compare German Papst), from Medieval Latin pāpa (“bishop, pope”), from Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, “bishop”), variant of πάππας (páppas, “father”), of imitative origin.

Paus adalah pemimpin tertinggi Gereja Katolik.

Pope is the highest leader of the Catholic Church.


segara

From Malay segara, from Sanskrit सागर (sāgara).


mirin

From Japanese 味醂 (みりん, mirin), from 味 (み, mi, “flavour (UK); flavor (US)”) + 醂 (りん, rin, “remove astringency; bleach in water”).

(cooking) mirin, a type of Japanese sake used for cooking


uap

From Malay wap, uap, from Classical Malay هواب (huab), اواڤ (uap), واڤ (wap), from Proto-Malayic *uap, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)huab, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)Suab, *(ma-)Suaw. Doublet of kuap.


RSJ

rumah sakit jiwa
rumah sakit jiwa#Indonesian

Initialism of rumah sakit jiwa (“psychiatric hospital”).


maharani

Affixed maha- + rani, from Malay maharani, from Sanskrit महा (mahā, “great”) + रानी (rānī, “queen”).

com

(obsolete) the wife of a maharajah; approximately, a queen consort.


beton

Borrowed from Dutch beton, from French béton, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitumen.

concrete (a building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand)


beton

Reconstructed as batu + -an, from Javanese ꦧꦼꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (beton). Doublet of batuan.


auditor

From Dutch auditor, from Latin audītor (“hearer, auditor”). Doublet of oditur.

auditor:
one who audits bookkeeping accounts

in many jurisdictions, an elected or appointed public official in charge of the public accounts; a comptroller


stempel

stèmpêl (canonical)
stempel-stempel (plural)

From Dutch stempel (“stamp, seal”). Compare to German Stempel.


orde

From Dutch orde, from Middle Dutch ordene, from Old French ordene, from Latin ordō, ordinem. Doublet of rodi, order, ordi, ordo, and wardi.

doublet

a decoration, awarded by a government, a dynastic house, or a religious body to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity.

a group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles

conformity with law or decorum; freedom from disturbance; general tranquillity; public quiet.

order,
arrangement, disposition, or sequence.
a command.

orde lama

orde baru

reaksi orde dua

(chemistry) the overall power of the rate law of a chemical reaction, expressed as a polynomial function of concentrations of reactants and products.

(mathematics) the cardinality, or number of elements in a set, group, or other structure regardable as a set.


maho

Blend of manusia (“man”) + homo (“homosexual”).


aikido

Borrowed from Japanese 合(あい)気(き)道(どう) (aikidō, “aikido”, literally “way of adapting the spirit”), from 合(あい) (ai, “together, unify”) + 気(き) (ki, “spirit; breath”) + 道(どう) (dō, “way”).