arsenal

From Dutch arsenaal, from French arsenal, from Arabic دَار الصِّنَاعَة (dār aṣ-ṣināʕa, “manufacturing shop”); دَار (dār) + صِنَاعَة (ṣināʕa).

der

دَار الصِّنَاعَة

arsenal, armoury: a military establishment for the storing, development, manufacturing, testing, or repairing of arms, ammunition, and other war materiel.


materiel

From Dutch materieel, from Middle Dutch materiael, from Middle French material, from Old French material, from Latin māteriālis. Doublet of material.

material (having to do with matter; consisting of matter)


flora

From Dutch flora, from Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers), flōs (“blossom”), from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-s (“flower, blossom”), from *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”).

(botany) plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.

(botany) a book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.

(microbiology) the microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body.


salir

head

salir (active menyalir, passive disalir)

Inherited from Malay salir, from Proto-Malayic *salir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saliʀ (“(of water) to flow”), from the root *-liʀ.

inh

(intransitive, always with meng-) to flow (to move as a fluid)

(transitive) to dewater (to remove water from)


cause célèbre

id-noun

cause célèbre (plural cause-cause célèbre)

cause célèbre, cause celebre: an issue or incident (originally, a legal case) arousing widespread controversy or public debate.


pena

From Malay penna, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Influenced by Dutch pen. Doublet of pen.


iso-

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).


tabu

From English taboo, from Tongan tapu (“prohibited, sacred”), from Proto-Polynesian *tapu, from Proto-Oceanic *tabu, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *tambu.


coy

(slang) bro; friendly term of address for a male


en masse

Unadapted borrowing from French en masse.

ubor

in a single body or group; as one, together

en masse:
in large amounts or numbers, massively


boga

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦒ (boga, “food”), from Old Javanese bhoga (“enjoyment, eating; any object of enjoyment, food; profit, utility, pleasure”), from Sanskrit भोग (bhoga, “eating”). Compare Malay boga (“favourite”).


bas

From Dutch bas (“bass”), from Middle French basse, from Italian basso, from Late Latin bassus.

a section of musical group that produces low-pitched sound, lower than the baritone and tenor.


bas

→ Min Nan: 默氏, 默是.

From Dutch baas (“boss”), from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-Germanic *baswô. Cognates include Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”); possibly also Old High German basa ("father's sister, cousin"; > German Base (“aunt, cousin”)). Doublet of bos.

gloss

"father's sister, cousin"; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Base</i> (“aunt, cousin”)


dek

From Dutch dek (“deck”), from Middle Dutch dec (“roof, covering”), from Middle Dutch dekken, from Old Dutch thecken, from Proto-Germanic *þakjaną.

deck, any raised flat surface that can be walked on.


ultraviolet

ultraviolet (of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 380 to 10 nanometres)


ember

→ Petjo: ember

→ Ternate: ember

(slang) someone who spread other people's disgrace; gossiper


orator

From Dutch orateur, orator, from Latin orator.


adat

From Malay adat, from Classical Malay عادة (adat), from Persian عادت ('âdat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appurtain, to be proper”).

menurut adat daerah ini

according to the tradition of this region

dia memiliki adat yang buruk


adat

head

adat (used in the form mengadat or ngadat)

mengadat (used-in-the-form)
ngadat (used-in-the-form)

From Betawi adat or Javanese ꦔꦢꦠ꧀ (ngadat, “troublesome”, literally “habit”), cf. the same etymology as above.

der

(of vehicles, chiefly Jakarta) to stop to work, to have mechanical failure


oikumene

oikuméné (canonical)
oikumene-oikumene (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē).

learned borrowing

(Christianity) ecumene, unification of Christianity.


ya

Ya, aku setuju denganmu.

used to show agreement or acceptance; yes

Kamu punya cewek baru, ya?

Siapa ya, guru baru kita yang akan mengajar di kelas ini.

Who is our new teacher who will teach at this class?.

used to emphasize curiosity about a question.

Besok kumpulkan tugasnya, ya.


ya

Inherited from Malay ya, from Classical Malay ي (ya), from Arabic يَا (yā).

Ya Tuhan!

Ya ampun!

the vocative particle, used for direct address; O


-in-

Inherited from Malay -in-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-. Doublet of di-.

Implies a perpetuation of action; continuous


ovum

Terbentuk dari ovum yang hina
 Dibuahi sperma dan ludah
 Diberkati jiwa yang cacat

2018, “Lahir Mata Satir”, performed by Deadsquad:

Formed from despised ovum
 Fertilized sperm and saliva
 Blessed with defective soul


perdu

shrub: a woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base.


gol

From English goal, from Middle English gol (“boundary, limit”), from Old English gāl (“obstacle, barrier, marker”).

der

(sports) In many sports, an area into which the players attempt to put an object; The act of placing the object into the goal.


basa

Borrowed from Dutch base, from French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis.

(chemistry) base, any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.


basa

(colloquial) Alternative form of bahasa (“language”)


ronda

From Malay ronda, from Portuguese ronda, from Spanish ronda, from Latin rotunda. Doublet of raun, ronde, and rondo.


impromptu

Unadapted borrowing from French impromptu (“improvised, not planned; improvised action”).

ubor

improvised, extemporaneous, unplanned: without prior preparation, planning, or rehearsal.


etude

From Dutch etude, from French étude (“study”), from Old French estude (“study”), from Latin studium (“spirit”). Doublet of studi and studio.

(music) etude: a short piece of music, designed to give a performer practice in a particular area or skill.


mob

Borrowed from English mob, from Middle English mob, short for mobile, from Latin mōbile (vulgus) (“fickle (crowd)”).

der

(politics) mob: a large or disorderly group of people; especially one bent on riotous or destructive action.


KISS

(management) acronym of koordinasi, integrasi, sinkronisasi, simplifikasi.


PKI

Partai Komunis Indonesia
w:Partai Komunis Indonesia

Initialism of Partai Komunis Indonesia (“Communist Party of Indonesia”).


UI

Universitas Indonesia
w:id:Universitas Indonesia

(education) Initialism of Universitas Indonesia.


agar

From Malay agar, from Sanskrit अग्र (agra).

so that; in order to
indicates purpose; with the result that

indicates purpose; in such a way that, with the intent that

to; in order to (as a means of achieving the specified end)


aktiva

From Dutch activa (“asset”), from Latin activa. Doublet of aktif.

(business) any property or object of value that one possesses, usually considered as applicable to the payment of one's debts.

(accounting) the left side of a balance sheet.

assets:
the left side of a balance sheet.


mezzo piano

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo piano.


litigant

Unadapted borrowing from French litigant.

(law) litigant: a party suing or being sued in a lawsuit, or otherwise calling upon the judicial process to determine the outcome of a suit.


zeugma

Learned borrowing from Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ζεῦγμα (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).


rayon

* From Dutch rayon, from French rayon
** from Old French ree, from Frankish *hrātu (“honeycomb”).
* Sense raion is a semantic loan from Russian райо́н (rajón).

sl

region, regional section or subdivision (e.g. of a school enrollment, of the area of operation of a business)

raion: an administrative unit of some Eastern European and Asian states.


rayon

rayon: a manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber.


menopause

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch menopauze, from French ménopause, from Latin menopausis.

(gynaecology) menopause: The period in a woman's life when menstruation becomes irregular and less frequent before eventually stopping altogether, usually accompanied by a range of unpleasant symptoms; the period spanning perimenopause up to postmenopause; The final menstrual period of a woman after which ovulation no longer occurs.


acu

From Malay acu, from Classical Malay [script needed] (acu), from Tamil அச்சு (accu, “mould, printing”).


acu

nonstandard spelling of aki (“battery; accumulator”).


adres

From Dutch adres, from Middle French adresse.

address (a description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code)


tremor

From English tremor, from Middle English tremour (“fright”), from Anglo-Norman tremour and Old French tremor, from Latin tremor.

(medicine) A rhythmic, uncontrollable shaking of all or part of the body due to partial muscle contractions; tremor.


rektor

Borrowed from Dutch rector, from Latin rēctor.

(education) rector (headmaster of a tertiary education institution, e.g., university)

(Catholicism) rector (cleric with managerial as well as spiritual responsibility for a church or other institution)


elektro

From Dutch elektro-, electro-, from Latin electrum (“amber; electrum”), from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber; electrum”).


rua

From Portuguese rua (“street”), from Old Galician-Portuguese rua (“street”), from or influenced by Old French rue (Modern French rue) or Old Spanish rua (Modern Spanish rúa), from Vulgar Latin *ruga (“furrow, path, street”), from Latin ruga (“wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewp- (“to become encrusted”).


debut

From Dutch debuut, from French début, from Middle French, derivative of desbuter (“to move, begin”), from des- + but (“mark, goal”), from Old French but (“aim, goal, end, target”), either from Old French butte (“mound, knoll, target”), from Frankish *but (“stump, log”), or from Old Norse bútr (“log, stump, butt”); both from Proto-Germanic *butą (“end, piece”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push”).


regional

From Dutch regionaal, from French régional, from Latin regiōnālis.

regional (pertaining to a specific region)

regional (pertaining to a large geographic region)


anemia

From Dutch anemie, from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -ia.


entre

(colloquial) An admission, an entrance fee.


allargando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian allargando.

ubor

(music) allargando: Decreasing in tempo; getting slower.


aubade

From Dutch aubade, from French aubade, from Old French albade.

a song or poem greeting or evoking the dawn.

a morning love song; a song of lovers parting in the morning.

a song or musical performance to honour someone, performed in the morning.


audio

audio: focused on audible sound, as opposed to sight.


anca

rectangular Bugis woven kitchen utensils


karate

From Japanese 空手(からて) (karate, literally “the state of being empty-handed”), from earlier 唐手(からて) (karate, literally “Tang Dynasty; China” + “hand”), from Okinawan 唐手(とぅーでぃー) (tūdī).

ja-r

唐手(とぅーでぃー) (tūdī)

(sports, martial arts) karate; an Okinawan martial art involving primarily punching and kicking, but additionally, advanced throws, arm bars, grappling and all means of fighting


tofu

Borrowed from Japanese 豆腐(とうふ) (tōfu), from Middle Chinese 豆腐 (dəuᴴ bɨo^X, “curdled bean”). Doublet of tahu from Min Nan 豆腐 (tāu-hū).

der

tofu, specifically soft or extra-soft unpressed fresh tofu.

tahu

specifically firm or extra firm pressed fresh tofu


defile

défilé (canonical)
defile-defile (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch defilé, from French défilé, from défiler (“to march past”), from file (“file”).


resume

résumé (canonical)
resume-resume (plural)

From Dutch resumé, from French résumé, past participle of résumer (“to summarize”), from Latin resūmere (“to take back”).


malaise

malaisê (canonical)
malaise-malaise (plural)

From Dutch malaise, from French malaise.

(economics) depression, a period of major economic contraction.

(medicine) malaise, a feeling of general bodily discomfort, fatigue or unpleasantness, often at the onset of illness.


d'accord

Unadapted borrowing from French d’accord (“in agreement”).


manifesto

Borrowed from English manifesto, from Italian manifesto, from Latin manifestō (“to make public”). Doublet of manifes.

manifesto (a public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party)


tablet

From Dutch tablet, from Middle French tablette, from Old French tablete (Modern French tablette), diminutive of table (“table”), from Latin tabula. Doublet of tabel.
* Semantic loan from English tablet for tablet computer sense.

(medicine, pharmacy) a pill; a small, easily swallowed portion of a substance.

tablet:
a slab of clay used for inscription.

(computing) a tablet computer, a type of portable computer.


sortir

From Dutch sorteer, sorteren, from French assortir, from Old French, from Latin sortīrī, probably influenced by surrectus (through a Vulgar Latin form *surctus and its derivatives, possibly through a verb *surrectīre, surctīre).

menyortir surat-surat


guillotine

Unadapted borrowing from French guillotine, Guillot. After Dr Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, who proposed its use for capital punishment.


tes

From Dutch test, from Old French test, teste (“an earthen vessel, especially a pot in which metals were tried”), from Latin testum (“the lid of an earthen vessel, an earthen vessel, an earthen pot”), from *terstus, past participle of the root *tersa (“dry land”).


proposal

proposal (something which is proposed, or offered for consideration or acceptance)


ultimatum

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ultimatum, from Latin ultimatum, from ultimatus (“late, last final”).

ultimate (a final statement of terms or conditions made by one party to another)


LGBT

LGBT; initialism of lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender.


ayer

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦪꦼꦂ (ayer, “standing upright, foreman, worker supervisor”).

bor+

foreman, supervisor in mutual cooperation.


grad

From Dutch graad, from Middle Dutch graet, from Latin gradus.


tuli

Inherited from Malay tuli, from Proto-Malayic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.


estival

From Latin aestivālis (“relating to the summer”), from aestīvus (“of the summer”), from aestas (“summer”).


piston

From Dutch piston, from French piston, from Italian pistone (15th century), from Latin pistāre, from the root pīnsō (“I crush”).


hong

Borrowed from Hokkien 鳳凰／凤凰 (hōng-hông, “fenghuang”).

(mythology) fenghuang: a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies.

(mythology) phoenix: a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes.


angina

From Dutch angina, from Latin angina (“quinsy; strangling, choking”), from angō (“to press together, to choke, to hurt (cause pain)”).

an inflammatory infection of the throat, particularly quinsy.

angina pektoris
angina pektoris#Indonesian

(cardiology) short for angina pektoris (“angina pectoris”).


kalium

From Malay kalium, from Dutch kalium, from Latin kalium.


kalis

Inherited from Malay kalis, from Arabic خَالِص (ḵāliṣ, “pure, unmixed; clear; sincere, true”).


xenofobia

Borrowed from English xenophobia, from xeno- + -phobia.


profil

From Dutch profiel, from French profil, from Italian profilo.

the outermost shape, view, or edge of an object.

the shape, view, or shadow of a person's head from the side; a side view.

summary or collection of information, especially about a person.


heterogen

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch heterogeen.


terminus

Borrowed from English terminus, from Latin terminus (“boundary, limit”).

(rail transport) terminus: the end point of a transportation system, or the town or city in which it is located.


Anatolia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Anatolia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise, place from where the sun rises, the east”), from ἀνατέλλω (anatéllō, “I rise”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + τέλλω (téllō, “I perform, accomplish, rise”), because Anatolia was east of Greece.

A peninsula in Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. Bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highland to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west.


DPC

Initialism of dewan pimpinan cabang (“branch leadership board”).


API

penangkapan ikan
penangkapan ikan#Indonesian


prima

Borrowed from Dutch prima and priem, ultimately from Latin primus.

(mathematics) having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).


polis

From Dutch polis (“insurance policy”), from French police (“policy”), from Italian polizza, from Ancient Greek ἀπόδειξις (apódeixis, “proof”). Compare to Malay polisi (“policy”).


polis

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


ordo

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrdō. Doublet of rodi, orde, order, ordi, and wardi.

doublet

(Catholicism) a group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles.

a rank in the classification of organisms, below class and above family; a taxon at that rank.


HP

(video games, mostly role-playing games) hit points; health points

himpunan penyelesaian
himpunan penyelesaian#Indonesian

(mathematics) Initialism of himpunan penyelesaian (“solution set”).


gaga

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦒ (gaga, “dry field”), from Old Javanese gagā (“non-irrigated rice-field”)


gaga

(zoology) blubberlip snapper, Maori snapper, blue-spotted seaperch, Maori bream, Maori seaperch, multi-coloured snapper, scribbled snapper, speckled snapper, yellowfin snapper (Lutjanus rivulatus).


gagai

head

gagai (active menggagai, passive digagai, perfective passive tergagai)

menggagai (active)
digagai (passive)
tergagai (passive perfective)

(transitive, obsolete) to climb (to mount; to move upwards on)


bikini

From French bikini (literally “name of the atoll where the United States tested nuclear weapons”), from German Bikini, the colonial name of the atoll as part of German New Guinea, and this was derived from Marshallese Pikinni (literally “surface of coconuts”).


coup de grâce

id-noun

coup de grâce (plural coup-coup de grâce)

Unadapted borrowing from French coup de grâce (“finishing blow”, literally “strike of mercy”). Originally referring to a merciful stroke putting a fatally wounded person out of misery or to the shot delivered to the head of a prisoner after facing a firing squad.


strata

From Dutch strata, from Latin strata. Doublet of setrat and stratum.

one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another.

a class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.


nouveau riche

Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau riche (literally “new rich”).

nouveau riche, new money: wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy.


proteinuria

Compare English proteinuria and Dutch proteïnurie.

(pathology) proteinuria: the presence of protein in the urine.


teller

Unadapted borrowing from English teller, from Middle English tellere (“one who counts or enumerates; one who recounts or relates; teller”). Standard spelling retain double l to avoid confusion with word teler.

der

(banking) teller: a bank clerk who receives and pays out money.


sonde

From Dutch sonde, from French sonde, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”).

explorer: any of various hand tools, with sharp points, used in dentistry.


vas

From Dutch vaas, from Middle French vase (Modern French vase), from Latin vas (“vessel”). Doublet of pasu.

vase: An upright open container used mainly for displaying fresh, dried, or artificial flowers.


vas

Learned borrowing from Latin vas (“vessel”).

lbor

vas: a vessel or duct transporting any bodily fluid, such as blood, lymph, chyle, or semen.


fetor

From Portuguese feitor, from Latin factor.


incognito

Unadapted borrowing from Italian incognito, from Latin incognitus.


sampling

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English sampling.

(statistics) The analysis of a group by determining the characteristics of a significant percentage of its members chosen at random.


ka

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


dit

(law enforcement) Clipping of direktorat (“directorate”).


dah

Clipping of sudah, from Malay dah. In the interjection sense, false cognate of Russian да (da, “yes”).


dah

perfective aspect
perfective aspect#English


dah

From Dutch dag (“goodbye”), from Middle Dutch dach, from Old Dutch dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz. This word was originally spelled dag as in Dutch, but the final -g is replaced by -h and the form becomes archaic, but not in the word mag, were it always pronounced with final /h/ or /x/.


dah

From Malay dah. Compare to Old Javanese dadah (“sacrifice”).


bakar

bakar (root)
membakar (active)
terbakar (active involuntary)
dibakar (active involuntary passive)
bakar (active)
bakarlah (active)
membakari (active locative)
terbakari (involuntary locative)
dibakari (involuntary locative passive)
bakari (locative)
bakarilah (locative)
membakarkan (active applicative causative)
terbakarkan (applicative causative)
dibakarkan (applicative causative passive)
bakarkan (applicative causative)
bakarkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay bakar, from Proto-Malayic *bakar, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bkaar, *bkaar (“to cook over fire”).

der

Coordinate term: panggang

to heat or cook directly over the hot fire


baka

From Malay baka, baqa,
from Classical Malay باک (baka), بقاٴ (baqa), from Arabic بَقَاء (baqāʔ, “remaining, lasting, enduring”).


trans-

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch trans-, from Latin trāns (“across, on the far side, beyond”).


solar

From Latin sōlāris, from sōl (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

solar, of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun.


solar

Generic trademark of Pertamina's diesel fuel, which came from minyak solar, from Dutch solaarolie (cognate of Danish solarolie and Norwegian solarolje), from English solar oil. The association developed from the usage of such petroleum product as fuel for solar oil lamp. See also Russian солярка (soljarka) and German Solaröl.

Pertamina akan Ekspor Solar dan Avtur

Pertamina will export diesel fuel and jet fuel.


abakus

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

(Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

(architecture) the uppermost portion of the capital of a column.


spill

(slang) to spill a person's secret or disgrace


ringgit

(historical) the two-and-a-half silver guilder; two-and-a-half rupiah.


kan

Kan, sudah ku bilang jangan bermain korek api. Kini kau rasakan akibatnya.

See, I already told you before not to play with the matches. Now you receive the consequences.

Ini punyamu, kan?


kan

Borrowed from Dutch kan (“jug; pot (for tea, coffee, etc.); can (cylindrical vessel)”), from Middle Dutch canne.


mata

Inherited from Malay mata, from Proto-Malayic *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.

eye (an organ through which animals perceive surroundings via light)

eye (a loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a hook, etc.)

eye (a part from which plant shoots grow; a reproductive bud)

Near-synonym: sela

blade (the part of a knife, sword, razor, or other tool with which it cuts)

(figurative, uncommon) an important part of something


meta

From Sanskrit मत्त (matta, “mad, drunken”). Compare to Balinese ᬫᬢ᭄ᬢ (mata, “furious”).


pedal

Borrowed from Dutch pedaal, from French pédale, from Italian pedale, from Latin pedālis.

pedal (a lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano)


andas

(construction, engineering) bridge anvil


alfa

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), of Semitic origin. Doublet of alif.

The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A.

(astronomy) Alpha, the brightest star in a constellation according to the Bayer designation.

(electronics) common-base current gain of a transistor in electronics.

(statistics) the significance level of a statistical test; the alpha level.


advisor

Learned borrowing from New Latin advīsor.


studi

From Dutch studie, from Middle Dutch studie, from Old French estudie (Modern French étude), from Latin studium (“zeal, dedication, study”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”). Doublet of etude and studio.

der

study: a detailed investigation and analysis of a subject or situation.


transistor

Internationalism, borrowed from English transistor.


referendum

refêrendum (canonical)
referendum-referendum (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch referendum, from Latin referendum.

(law, government, politics) referendum: a direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment.


diplomat

From Dutch diplomaat, from French diplomate, from New Latin dīplōmaticus.

diplomat: a person, such as an ambassador, who is accredited to represent a government officially in its relations with other governments or international organisations.


auditorium

From Dutch auditorium, from Latin audītōrium.


setup

From Dutch stoven, from Middle Dutch stoven. Compare to Afrikaans stoof.


bis

From Dutch bus (“container, box”) Compare to Dutch brievenbus (“letterbox, mailbox, post box”).


bis

Learned borrowing from Latin bis (“twice”).


bis

From Dutch bies (“piping”), from Middle Dutch biese, from Old Dutch *biesa, from Proto-West Germanic *beusu.

a hollow conduit or something resembling a tube

decorative edging stitched to the hems or seams of an object made of fabric


legislator

Learned borrowing from Latin lēgislātor.


invalid

From Dutch invalide, from French invalide, from Latin invalidus. The sense of invalid is semantic loan from English invalid.


karat

rust (the deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation)

rust (a similar substance based on another metal)

karat:

karat:


karat

From Dutch karaat, from Middle French carat, from Italian carato, from Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ, “carat”) (and meaning other small units as well, such as an inch), from Ancient Greek κεράτιον (kerátion, “carob seed”), diminutive form of κέρας (kéras, “horn”).

der

carat (a unit of weight for precious stones and pearls, equivalent to 200 milligrams)

carat (a measure of the purity of gold, pure gold being 24 carats)


argo

apocopic form of argometer (“fare meter, taximeter”)


argo

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦂꦒ (arga, “mountain”), from Old Javanese arga (“mountain-peak; mountain”), from Pali agga (“highest; top-most”), from Sanskrit अग्र (agra, “peak”).


cas

From Malay cas, from English charge (“fast ground attack; electric charge”). Cognate of Malay caj.


cas

→ Tetum: cas

(colloquial) to charge, to add energy to (a battery, or a device containing a battery).


boba

From English boba, from the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 波霸 (bōbà), from Cantonese 波霸 (bo1 baa3, “large breasts, tapioca pearls”), from 波 (bo1) transcribing English ball and 霸 (baa3, “chief, top”).


tol

From Dutch tol (“toll”), from Middle Dutch tol, from Old Dutch tol, from Latin telōneum (“custom house”).

a fee paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, etc.

toll booth, tollgate: a booth on a toll road or toll bridge where the toll is collected.

toll road: a road for the use of which a toll must be paid.


natrium

From Malay natrium, from English natrium, from New Latin natrium.


haute couture

Unadapted borrowing from French haute couture (“haute couture, high fashion”).

ubor

(fashion) haute couture, exclusive fashion, high fashion, high style


tête-à-tête

Unadapted borrowing from French tête-à-tête.


kedutaan

embassy: the official residence of an organization or group of officials who permanently represent a sovereign state in a second sovereign state.


kota

From Malay kota, from Classical Malay kota, from Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam, “city”) or Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa, “city”).
* The sense in government was coined by Indonesian politician Teuku Muhammad Hasan in 1945 to translate Dutch gemeente or stadsgemeente.
* Displaced Dutch stad (“city, town”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

coinage

A large settlement, bigger than a town; sometimes with a specific legal definition, depending on the place.

(government) The second-level urban administrative division in Indonesia.


danau

From Malay danau, from Classical Malay danau, from Proto-Malayic *danaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw (“lake”).


selatan

sêlatan (canonical)
selatan-selatan (plural)

From Malay selatan, from Proto-Malayic *səlatan, *silatan, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan, *silatan.


terjemahan

têrjêmahan (canonical)
terjemahan-terjemahan (plural)

Affixed terjemah + -an, from Malay terjemahan.


BRS

(nautical, medicine) Abbreviation of bantu rumah sakit. (used to refer to hospital ships)


KM

(nautical) Initialism of kapal motor (ship prefix): MV


koko

From Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”).


claret

Unadapted borrowing from English claret (compare French clairet), from Middle English claret, from Middle French claret, from Medieval Latin clārātum vīnum, from clārus.

(cooking) claret: a dry red wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France, or a similar wine made elsewhere.


hasta

From Malay hasta, from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).


ati

(dialectal, nonstandard) Alternative form of hati


asi

babbler (any of the passerine birds in the Malacopteron genus)


agama

From Malay agama, ugama, from Classical Malay اڬام (“agama”), أڬام (“ugama”), from Sanskrit आगम (āgama, “a traditional doctrine or precept”).

der

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


bung

Bung Karno

(colloquial, used in the vocative) A term of address for someone, typically a man; A dude, fella, mac

(informal) Used to address a man whose name is unknown.


tutorial

Internationalism, borrowed from English tutorial.

(education) A self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed, at their convenience.

(Standard Malay)

(education) An interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups.

A video or text that is basically a how-to (advice or instruction on a particular topic).


tutorial

tutorial: Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor.


sangha

From Pali saṅgha, from Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha). Doublet of sangga.


vis-à-vis

Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.


ultima

Near-synonym: akhir


Kamboja

From Khmer កម្ពុជា (kampuciə), from Pali kamboja, ultimately from Sanskrit काम्बोज (kāmboja, the name of a tribe mentioned in Hindu scripture). Doublet of kemboja.


simbol

From Dutch symbool, from French symbole, from Latin symbolum, from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon).


seksi

Borrowed from Dutch sectie (“dissection, subdivision”).

bor

section:
a part, piece, subdivision of anything.

(military) a group of 10-15 soldiers led by a non-commissioned officer and forming part of a platoon.

(surgery) an incision or the act of making an incision.


kecapi

From Sundanese ᮊᮎᮕᮤ (kacapi, “zither”), probably from Sanskrit कच्छपी (kacchapī, “lute”).

kacapi: a box zither with an open bottom, played by plucking, originating in traditional Sundanese music


kecapi

Inflected form of mengecap (a derivative of kecap).


Afganistan

From Dutch Afghanistan, from Persian افغان (afğân, “Afghan”) or Arabic أَفْغَان (ʔafḡān, “Afghan”) + Persian ـستان (-estân, “place of”).

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Maria

From Vulgate Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), from Aramaic מרים (Maryām), corresponding to the Hebrew מרים (Miryām). Doublet of Maryam.

Mary (Biblical character, mother of Jesus)

Mary (Biblical character, Mary Magdalene)


Amerika

From New Latin America, named after cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.

America (the continents of North America and South America)

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


kau

Inherited from Malay kau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

(poetic) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours.


badam

From Malay badam, from Classical Malay بادم (badam), from Classical Persian بادام (bādām).


mari

From Malay mari, from Proto-Malayic *mari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maʀi.

Mari kita coba.


deputi

From Dutch deputé, from French député, from Late Latin deputatus (“appointed”).


dikti

pendidikan tinggi
pendidikan tinggi#Indonesian

(education) acronym of pendidikan tinggi (“higher education”).


sair

From Arabic شَاعِر (šāʕir, “poet”). Doublet of syair.


sair

From Arabic سَعِيْرٌ (saʕiyrun, “flame”).


roda

From Malay roda, from Portuguese roda, from Latin rota, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).

wheel (a circular device facilitating movement or transportation)


parade

From Dutch parade, from French parade (“show, display, parade, parry, formerly also a halt on horseback”), from Spanish parada (“a halt, stop, pause, a parade”), from parar (“to halt, stop, get ready, prepare”), from Latin parare (“to prepare; to halt, stop, prevent, guard against, etc., dress, trim, adorn”).

der

an organized procession consisting of a series of consecutive displays, performances, exhibits, etc. displayed by moving down a street past a crowd of spectators.

(military) an assembling of troops for inspection or to receive orders.


a

The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.


Agus

From Malay Agus, from Classical Malay اڬوس (Agus), from bagus, from Classical Malay باڬوس (bagus), from Proto-Malayic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bagus.

a male given name from Malay: alternative spelling of Bagus


Anda

→ Malay: anda

From -anda. Coined by Sarbini in 1957. Made popular by Rosihan Anwar in 1958.

(formal) Second-person pronoun: you, your

poetic.Notes:This table only shows some personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language.The second person pronouns are usually avoided for someone of higher status

older.Not including the clitic pronouns.See Appendix:Indonesian personal pronouns for more information.


B

The second letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Bianca

Bianca Astrid Hello, b. 2001

a female given name from Italian, equivalent to English Blanche


C

The third letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


D

The fourth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


E

The fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


F

The sixth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


G

The seventh letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


H

The eighth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Hamal

From Arabic الحَمَل (al-ḥamal, “Aries”), from Arabic حَمَل (ḥamal, “lamb”).


I

The ninth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Imam

(Islam, all sects) anyone who leads a group of Muslims in prayer

(Sunni Islam) imam; a trained cleric who leads a congregation


J

The tenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Juli

From Dutch juli, from Latin iūlius, from Iuppiter, from Proto-Indo-European *dyeu-pəter-.


Juni

From Dutch juni, from Latin iūnius, the month of the goddess Iuno (“Juno”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *yuwn̥kós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu (“vital force, youthful vigor”).


K

The eleventh letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


L

The twelfth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


M

The thirteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


M

Abbreviation of Masehi (“CE; Christian Era”).


Minggu

From Malay Minggu, a clipping of domingo, from Latin dominīcus. Compare to Baba Malay Minggu.


N

The fourteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Natal

From Malay Natal, from Portuguese Natal, from Old Galician-Portuguese Natal, from Latin nātālis [diēs Dominī] (“birthday of the Lord”).

(Christianity) Christmas (festival observed on December 25 commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ)


O

The fifteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Oktober

From Dutch oktober, from Latin Octōber (“eighth month”), from Latin octō (“eight”), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“twice four”). October was the eighth month in the Roman calendar.


Os

(healthcare) Initialism of orang sakit (“patient”, literally “sick person”).


PK

prajurit karier
prajurit karier#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of prajurit karier.

peninjauan kembali
peninjauan kembali#Indonesian

perjanjian kinerja
perjanjian kinerja#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of perjanjian kinerja.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering) Initialism of paardenkracht (“horsepower”).


Perak

Unadapted borrowing from Javanese perak (ꦥꦺꦫꦏ꧀, “silver”).


Perancis

Nonstandard form of Prancis.: France (a country in Western Europe)


Tiara

Tiara Andini, b. 2001

"Ya, namamu Tiara." Ditunjuknya si perempuan. "Tiara." Lalu dirinya sendiri. "Tristan."

2017, Ghyna Amanda, The Lost Bride, MokaMedia, →ISBN, page 27:

"Yes, your name is Tiara." He pointed to the girl. "Tiara." And later himself. "Tristan."

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Tiara


akan

Inherited from Malay akan, from Proto-Malayic *akən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *akən.

Aku akan makan setelah menyapu lantai.

I'm going to eat after sweeping the floor.


daring

Blend of dalam (“on”) + jaringan (“network”).

blend

Bahasa dalam media daring tidak terlepas dari konteks budaya dan latar sosial.

2019, Wayan Pageyasa, Nur Ihsan HL., Kekerasan Bahasa Di Media Daring Nasional, Deepublish Publisher, page 9:

Language in online media cannot be separated from the cultural context and social background.


daring

Clipping of kelas daring (“online class”).


polen

Internationalism, from Dutch pollen, from Latin pollen.

(botany) pollen: A fine granular substance produced in flowers. Technically a collective term for pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants.


kina

From English kina, from Tolai kina (“oyster or clamshell”).

kina: the national currency of Papua New Guinea, divided into 100 toea.


tatar

Inherited from Malay تاتر (tatar), from Minangkabau [Term?].


tatar

Inherited from Malay تاتر (tatar), from Old Javanese tatar, tatā.


à la carte

Unadapted borrowing from French à la carte (“on the menu”).


DB

demam berdarah
demam berdarah#Indonesian

Initialism of demam berdarah (“hemorrhagic fever”).


bison

From English bison, from Middle English bisontes (plural), from Old French bison, from Latin bisōn, bisōnt- (“wild ox”), from Proto-Germanic *wisundaz (“wild ox, aurochs”), from Proto-Indo-European *wisAn- (“aurochs, aurochs horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to flow, melt”).

der

bison: a large, wild bovid of the genus Bison.


loki

From Hokkien 老妓, compound of 老 (ló, ló͘) + 妓 (kī, ki, “prostitute”).


brigade

brigadê (canonical)
brigade-brigade (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch brigade, from French brigade, from Italian brigata. Doublet of bregada.

brigade: a military unit consisting of two or more regiments, often using combined arms or of diverse disciplines.


sekretariat

From Dutch secretariaat, from French secrétariat, from Medieval Latin secretariatus, from Latin sēcrētārius (“secretary”).


tim

From Dutch team, from English team, from Middle English teme.

team (any group of people involved in the same activity, especially sports or work)


tim

to steam (to cook with steam, especially of a Chinese cooking)


seminar

From Dutch seminar, from Latin sēminārium, from sēmen (“seed”). Doublet of seminari.


kabul

Inherited from Malay kabul, from Classical Malay kabul, from Arabic قَبُول (qabūl).


PETA

Pembela Tanah Air
w:id:Pembela Tanah Air

(historical) Acronym of Pembela Tanah Air.


unilateral

Internationalism, lateral + uni-, from New Latin ūnilaterālis (“one-sided”).


reka

From Malay reka from Sanskrit रेखा (rekhā, “outline, drawing”).


duodenum

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin duodēnum digitōrum (“duodenum”)


kir

From Dutch keur (“seal”), from Middle Dutch core, cuere, from Old Dutch kuri, from Proto-West Germanic *kuʀi.


pneumonia

From Ancient Greek πνευμονία (pneumonía, “lung disease”), from πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”) + -ία (-ía).

der

pneumonia (an acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms, or sometimes by physical or chemical irritants)


raja

From Malay raja, from Classical Malay raja, from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

merajai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

merajakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

a male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy. If it's an absolute monarchy, then he is the supreme ruler of his nation.

(chess) the principal chess piece, that players seek to threaten with unavoidable capture to result in a victory by checkmate. It is often the tallest piece, with a symbolic crown with a cross at the top.

(card games) a playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit.

(xiangqi) general: a xiangqi piece that is moved one point orthogonally and confined within the palace.


raja

Asia Radja

Superseded spelling of raya. (van Ophuijsen (1901-1947), Republik/Soewandi (1947-1967))


rani

From Malay rani, from Prakrit 𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀻 (rāṇī), from Sanskrit राज्ञी (rājñī, “queen, princess”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́niH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́niH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵnih₂.


limun

Borrowed from Dutch limoen (“lime”), from Middle Dutch limoen, from Middle French limon.

a flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment.

a clear, usually carbonated, beverage made from lemon or artificial lemon flavouring, water, and sugar.


limun

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦶꦩꦸꦤ꧀ (limun, “fog”).


tuan

From Malay tuan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuan (“deity”). Doublet of tuhan.

someone who has control over something or someone.

master, lord.
someone who employs others.


peleton

Borrowed from Dutch peloton, ultimately from French peloton.

(military) platoon: a unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.


omerta

Unadapted borrowing from Italian omertà, from a Southern dialectal rhotacist variant of umiltà (“humility”), from Latin humilitās, from humilis (“humble”), from humus (“ground, soil”).


dengue

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch dengue, from Spanish dengue or indirectly via French dengue (itself from Spanish), probably from Swahili dinga (“sudden attack, seizure”).

der

(medicine, pathology, viral diseases, mosquito-borne diseases) dengue: an acute febrile disease of the (sub)tropics caused by the Dengue virus, a flavivirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and characterized by high fever, rash, headache, and severe muscle and joint pain.

viral diseases; mosquito-borne diseases; viral diseases; mosquito-borne diseases


balsam

From Malay balsam, from English balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)).
* The word displaced balsêm, the loanword-cognate from Dutch balsem.

balsam: a sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.


raya

From Malay raya, rrom Proto-Malayic *raya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaya, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀaya.


automobil

car, automobile, a vehicle steered by a driver.


sais

From Malay sais, from Hindi साईस (sāīs), सईस (saīs, “groom”) (Hindustani), from Arabic سَائِس (sāʔis, “stableman, groom”), from سَاس (sās, “to tend a horse”).


taco

(cooking) Alternative spelling of tako (“taco”)


secco

Unadapted borrowing from Italian secco (literally “dry”), from Latin siccus, from Proto-Indo-European *seyk-.

ubor

(art) secco: A work painted on dry plaster, as distinguished from a fresco.


pura

From Malay pura (“castle town”), from Sanskrit पुर (pura). Doublet of puri.
* Sense of "temple" is a semantic loan from Balinese ᬧᬸᬭ (pura) which is ultimately from same Sanskrit word.

(Hinduism) temple, a Balinese Hinduism place of worship.


anarki

Borrowed from Dutch anarchie, from Middle French anarchie, from Latin anarchia, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía).

(politics) a political regime (or movement to establish it) lacking any form of political authority or government.

(figuratively) a state of utter disorder, advanced disorganization and confusion.


Muhammad

From Malay Muhammad, from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Islam) Muhammad (the figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís)


bensin

bènsin (canonical)
bensin-bensin (plural)

From Dutch benzine, from German Benzin. Doublet of benzena.

(oil industry) gasoline (US), petrol (UK)


dosa

From Malay dosa, from Classical Malay dosa, from Sanskrit दोष (doṣa).


ulama

From Malay ulama,
from Classical Malay ulama, from Arabic عُلَمَاء (ʕulamāʔ), plural of عَالِم (ʕālim, “learned one”).


johan

From Malay johan, from Classical Persian جهان (jahān, “world”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /gēhān/, “worldly creatures, world”), from plural genitive form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā-.


Ramadan

Inherited from Malay Ramadan, from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).


fakir

From Malay fakir, from Arabic فَقِير (faqīr, “poor”).


azan

From Malay azan, adzan, adan, from Classical Malay azan, adan, adzan, adhan, from Arabic أَذَان (ʔaḏān).

(Islam) adhan, azan: The call to prayer.


DPS

Dewan Pengawas Syariah
w:id:Dewan Pengawas Syariah

(finance) Initialism of Dewan Pengawas Syariah.


DPS

daftar pemilih sementara
daftar pemilih sementara#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of daftar pemilih sementara.


Safar

Inherited from Malay صفر (Safar, “Safar”), from Arabic صَفَر (ṣafar). Doublet of Safar, sifar, and zero.

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">Safar</i>

inh+

Safar (the second month of the Islamic calendar)


hikmah

From Malay hikmah, from Classical Malay hikmah, from Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma). Doublet of hikmat.


iman

a trust or confidence in the intentions or abilities of a person, object, or ideal from prior empirical evidence

a conviction about abstractions, ideas, or beliefs, without empirical evidence, experience, or observation


kafir

From Malay kafir, from Classical Malay kafir (“infidel”), from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”).
* The sense “non-Jew” is a semantic loan from Hebrew גּוֹי (goi, “nation”) and semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós).

semantic loan

(in general senses) unbeliever, non-believer, infidel

(Islam) a kafir, a disbeliever, a denier, someone who denies the truths from Allah; or more broadly any non-Muslim.


masjid

From Malay masjid, from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), from the root س ج د (s j d).


mihrab

mihrab (a niche in a mosque that indicates the qibla, and into which the imam prays)


PT

(business) initialism of perseroan terbatas (“limited company”).

perguruan tinggi
perguruan tinggi#Indonesian

(education) initialism of perguruan tinggi (“higher education institution”).


rasul

From Malay rasul, from Arabic رَسُول (rasūl, “messenger”).

(Islam) A prophet or messenger in Islam; Muhammad, as a special messenger of God.

Kisah Para Rasul


salat

From Arabic صَلَاة (ṣalāh). Cognate of Malay solat.

(Islam) salat (obligatory prayer that Muslims are called to perform five times a day)


tafsir

From Malay tafsir, from Arabic تَفْسِير (tafsīr, “interpretation”).
* Displaced Dutch uitleg (“explanation”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

der

(Islam) tafsir: Grammatical, historical, allegorical or traditional interpretations of the Qur'an.


zakat

From Malay zakat, from Classical Malay زكاة (zakat), from Arabic زَكَوٰة (zakāh).

(Islam) zakat: almsgiving, one of the five pillars of Islam.


WP

(taxation) Initialism of wajib pajak (“taxpayer”).


PTT

pegawai tidak tetap
pegawai tidak tetap#Indonesian


PMI

Initialism of Palang Merah Indonesia. (the Indonesian Red Cross Society)


APS

atas permintaan sendiri
atas permintaan sendiri#Indonesian

(healthcare, colloquial) Initialism of atas permintaan sendiri (“against medical advice”, literally “by personal request”).


IMS

infeksi menular seksual
infeksi menular seksual#Indonesian

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(medicine, pathology) Initialism of infeksi menular seksual (“sexually transmitted disease, venereal disease”).


kosmonaut

id-noun

kosmonaut (plural kosmonaut-kosmonaut or para kosmonaut)

kosmonaut-kosmonaut (plural)
para kosmonaut (plural)


BP

bawah perintah
bawah perintah#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of bawah perintah (“assignment; under command”).


BP

Initialism of bekal pokok (“basic allowance”).

Initialism of buku petunjuk (“directory; manual, guide, regulation”).


GI

(electricity) Initialism of gardu induk.


table d'hôte

Unadapted borrowing from French table d’hôte (“table of the host”).

ubor

table d'hôte (a menu offering a complete meal, with little choice, at a fixed price)


volte-face

Unadapted borrowing from French volte-face (“U-turn”)

volte-face, about-face, U-turn: a reversal of attitude, policy, or principle.


KP

(education) Initialism of kerja praktik.


literal

From English literal, from Old French literal, from Late Latin litteralis, also literalis (“of or pertaining to letters or to writing”), from Latin littera, litera (“a letter”).


DP

Initialism of daerah persiapan (“preparatory area”).


ABS

asal bapak senang
asal bapak senang#Indonesian


NIP

acronym of nomor induk pegawai (“worker registration number”).

initialism of nomor induk pegawai (“worker registration number”).


BMD

barang milik daerah
barang milik daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of barang milik daerah.


ICU

From English ICU (“intensive care unit”).

intensive care unit
intensive care unit#English

intensive care unit, a hospital ward into which critically ill patients, in danger of dying, are admitted and closely monitored.


PL

Initialism of pemeriksaan luar (“external examination”).


graf

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.


arugula

From English arugula, probably from Italian rucola.


LSM

lembaga swadaya masyarakat
lembaga swadaya masyarakat#Indonesian

Initialism of lembaga swadaya masyarakat.


amato

From Ambonese Malay amato, probably from Portuguese amado (“beloved”), from Latin amātus, perfect passive participle of amō (“I love”).


aman

head

aman (comparative lebih aman, superlative paling aman or teraman, equative seaman)

lebih aman (comparative)
paling aman (superlative)
teraman (superlative)
seaman (equative)

From Malay aman, from Classical Malay امان (aman), from Arabic أَمَان (ʔamān, “tranquillity, peacefulness”).

der

safe; secure
not in danger; out of harm's reach

safe; secure
Providing protection from danger


jejunum

Learned borrowing from Latin iēiūnum, neuter of iēiūnus.

(anatomy) jejunum: the central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum.


geometri

géomètri (canonical)
geometri-geometri (plural)

From Dutch geometrie (“geometry”), from Old French géométrie, from Latin geometria, from Ancient Greek γεωμετρία (geōmetría, “geometry, land-survey”), from γεωμέτρης (geōmétrēs, “land measurer”), from γῆ (gê, “earth, land, country”) + -μετρία (-metría, “measurement”), from μέτρον (métron, “a measure”).


SU

(education) Initialism of sarjana utama (“master's degree”).


TD

(healthcare) Initialism of tekanan darah (“blood pressure”).


IPS

ilmu pengetahuan sosial
ilmu pengetahuan sosial#Indonesian


kia

From Classical Persian بخیه (baxiya, “stitch, suture”).


PRT

pekerja rumah tangga
pekerja rumah tangga#Indonesian

Initialism of pekerja rumah tangga (“domestic worker”).

pembantu rumah tangga
pembantu rumah tangga#Indonesian

(dated) Initialism of pembantu rumah tangga (“domestic worker”).


PSR

pakaian sipil resmi
pakaian sipil resmi#Indonesian


sinus

Borrowed from Dutch sinus, from Latin sinus.

(anatomy) a pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

(pathology) an abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.

(trigonometry) sine: in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.


STN

sekolah teknik negeri
sekolah teknik negeri#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah teknik negeri.


BAA

Initialism of biro administrasi akademik.


abortus

Borrowed from Dutch abortus, from Latin abortus, perfect active participle from aborior (“pass away; miscarry”), from ab (“from, away from”) + orior (“rise, get up; appear”). Doublet of aborsi.

(obstetrics) abortus; abortion: the expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus; either naturally as a spontaneous abortion (now usually called a miscarriage), or deliberately as an induced abortion (see Indonesian aborsi).


Aristoteles

Via Latin Aristotelēs from Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


toh

From Dutch toch, from Middle Dutch toch, alteration of doch, from Middle Dutch doch, from Old Dutch thoh, from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh.

moreover, after all, see lagipula, lagian


toh

From Javanese ꦠꦺꦴꦃ (toh), from Old Javanese twah (“birthmark”).


sputum

Pemeriksaan sputum penting dilakukan untuk mendiagnosis berbagai penyakit pernafasan.

Sputum examination is important for diagnosis of many respiratory diseases.


DOM

daerah operasi militer
daerah operasi militer#Indonesian

Acronym of daerah operasi militer (“Military Operation Area”).


cerca

From Malay cerca, from Sanskrit चर्चा (carcā, “discussion, talk, inquiry, trouble”).


papir

rolling paper: a specialty paper used for making cigarettes.


balerina

balêrina (canonical)
balerina-balerina (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ballerina, from Italian ballerina.


dong

From Betawi [Term?], from Dutch dong, dingen (“to solicit”), from Middle Dutch dingen (“to convene, to plead”), from Old Dutch *thingon, from Proto-Germanic *þingōną.

Harga Bensin Pertalite Jangan Naik Dong.

Please, don't raise the Pertalite Petrol Price.

(colloquial) please: used to make a polite request

(colloquial) indicates discord between words and actions


dong

Borrowed from Vietnamese đồng, from Middle Chinese 銅 (duŋ, “copper”), from Old Chinese 銅 (*doːŋ). Cognate with Mandarin 銅 /铜 (tóng, “copper”).

The currency of Vietnam, 100 xus. Symbol: ₫


proletariat

prolêtariat (canonical)
proletariat-proletariat (plural)


STM

sekolah teknik menengah
sekolah teknik menengah#Indonesian

(education, historical) Initialism of sekolah teknik menengah.

surat tanda melaporkan
surat tanda melaporkan#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of surat tanda melaporkan.


bitumen

From Dutch bitumen, from Middle Dutch bitume, from Latin bitūmen.


gestalt

Unadapted borrowing from German Gestalt (“shape, figure, form”).

ubor

(psychology) gestalt: a collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being)


STEM

Acronym of sains, teknologi, enjiniring, dan matematika.


SAP

(education) Initialism of satuan acara perkuliahan.


saat

From Malay saat, from Arabic سَاعَة (sāʕa).

saat ini

at the moment (literally, “this moment”)

saat yang sempurna

(archaic or nonstandard) moment, time (deemed somehow favourable or not)


saat

when, while, or referring to an occurrence that happened in the past


sami

Inherited from Malay sami, from Pali sāmī, from Sanskrit स्वामिन् (svāmin). Doublet of suami.


sami

Inherited from Malay sami, from Arabic سَامِي (sāmī).

(uncommon) Synonym of agung (“high, exalted, honoured”)


sami

(dialectal, Java) Synonym of sama (“same”)


DPA

Dewan Pertimbangan Agung
Dewan Pertimbangan Agung#Indonesian

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Dewan Pertimbangan Agung (“Supreme Advisory Council”).


DPA

daftar pencarian arsip
daftar pencarian arsip#Indonesian

(information science) Initialism of daftar pencarian arsip.

dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran
dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran.


TT

(healthcare) Initialism of tempat tidur.

tetanus toksoid
tetanus toksoid#Indonesian

(healthcare) Initialism of tetanus toksoid.


PP

peraturan pemerintah
peraturan pemerintah#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of peraturan pemerintah.

(government) Initialism of pamong praja.

(education) Initialism of pendidikan dan pengajaran.

(healthcare) Initialism of pulang paksa (“discharge against medical advice”, literally “forced return home”).


Ari

From Javanese Ari, from Old Javanese ari (“the young”).


koma

From Dutch komma, from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

(typography) comma: The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set off parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.


koma

From Dutch coma, from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

(medicine, neurology) coma, a state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma.


koma

From Dutch coma, from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

(astronomy) coma, a cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet.


suku

From Malay suku, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).
* The sense “clan” is a semantic loan from Minangkabau suku.
* The sense “footer” is a semantic loan from English footer.
* Displaced Dutch term (“term”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

inh

footer: a line of information printed at the bottom of a page as identification of the document.

part
quarter: a fourth part of something.

clan: a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief.

ethnicity, ethnic group: a group of people who identify with one another, especially on the basis of ancestral, national, cultural, historical or religious grounds.

(biology, taxonomy) family: a category in the classification of organisms, ranking below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank.

(mathematics) term: any value (variable or constant) or expression separated from another term by a space or an appropriate character, in an overall expression or table.

(Jambi, Palembang) A traditional unit of gold weight, equal six point seven grams.


Sumatra

→ English: Sumatra


balet

From Dutch ballet, from French ballet, from Middle French ballet, from Italian balletto.


ara

From Malay ara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀa.


ara

(zoology) green figbird, Timor figbird (Sphecotheres viridis).


asu

From Javanese asu (ꦲꦱꦸ, “dog”), from Old Javanese asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *(w)asu.

(strongly vulgar, offensive) dog (animal)

(strongly vulgar, offensive) a contemptible person, a motherfucker


asu

(vulgar) expressing dismay or discontent, fuck, shit


cavatina

Unadapted borrowing from Italian cavatina.


pimpin

head

pimpin (base form, active memimpin, passive dipimpin, verbal noun pemimpin)

memimpin (active)
dipimpin (passive)
pemimpin (noun-from-verb)


elo

(Jakarta, slang) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


talas

From Malay talas, from Proto-Malayic *taləs, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taləs. Doublet of taro, a borrowing from Maori via English.


poni

From Dutch pony, from English pony, from Scots powny, apparently from Middle French poulenet (“little foal”), ultimately from Late Latin pullanus (“young of an animal”), from pullus.

der

(by extension) hairstyle with a fringe/bangs


homeostasis

homéostasis (canonical)
homeostasis-homeostasis (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin homoeostasis.


en passant

Unadapted borrowing from French en passant (“in passing; incidentally, by the way”).


Jepun

From Malay Jepun (“Japan”), from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún, “Japan”). Doublet of Jepang.


Jepun

(obsolete) Japanese (pertaining to ethnic group or language)


bebek

From Javanese ꦧꦺꦧꦺꦏ꧀ (bèbèk), from Old Javanese bebek, probably onomatopoeic.

duck: an aquatic bird of the family Anatidae, having a flat bill and webbed feet.


saku

From Malay saku, from Portuguese saco, from Old Galician-Portuguese saco, from Latin saccus. Doublet of sak.


sah

From Malay sah, from Arabic صَحَّ (ṣaḥḥa).


sah

head

sah (active mengesahkan, passive disahkan)


diaspora

From Ancient Greek διασπορά (diasporá, “dispersion”), from διασπείρω (diaspeírō, “to scatter”), from δια- (dia-, prefix indicating motion across or in all directions) + σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”).


lepra

From Dutch lepra, ultimately from Ancient Greek λέπρα (lépra, “leprosy”).


sari

From Malay sari, from Classical Malay sari, from Old Javanese sari, sāri (“pollen; quintessence”) (compare Javanese ꦱꦫꦶ (sari, “essence; pollen”)), sara, sāra (“core; essential; firmness, strength, power, energy”), from Sanskrit सार (sāra, “essence; nectar; core, pith; quintessence; main point”). Doublet of sara.

essence: a significant feature of something; an extract or concentrate.


sari

From Betawi [Term?], cognate of Indonesian sehari (“a day, one day”), Old Javanese sari-sari (“continuously; day after day”).

cog

alternative spelling of sari-sari (“daily”)


sari

From Malay sari, from Hindi साड़ी (sāṛī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀸𑀟𑀻 (sāḍī), from Sanskrit शाटी (śāṭī), शाट (śāṭa, “strip of cloth”).

der

Hindi साड़ी (sāṛī)

sari: the traditional dress of women in the Indian Subcontinent; an outer garment consisting of a single length of cotton or silk, most often with one end wrapped around the waist to form a skirt, the other draped over the shoulder or head.


Ukraina

From Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína), from Old Ukrainian оукраина (ukraina), from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina), from оу (u, “at”) + краи (krai, “edge, rim”).

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


ef

The name of the Latin-script letter F/f.


platelet

platélêt (canonical)
platelet-platelet (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from English platelet.

(hematology) platelet: A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


aktor

From Dutch acteur (“actor”), from Middle French acteur, from Latin āctor (“doer”), from agō (“to do”).

a person who performs, plays a part in a theatrical play or film.

one who takes part in a (important) situation.


kol

From Dutch kool (“cabbage”), from Middle Dutch col, cole, from Old Dutch *kōl, *kōla, from Latin caulis, from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem”). Doublet of kubis.


kol

A genericized trademark of the Japanese automobile nameplate
Mitsubishi Colt, from English colt (“young male horse”).


kol

From Dutch calculeren (“to calculate, to estimate”), from Latin calculātus.


kol

From Dutch kool (“coal”), from Middle Dutch cole, from Old Dutch *kol, *kolo, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).


jok

From Hokkien 褥 (jio̍k, “cotton-padded mattress”).


anjing

Inherited from Malay anjing, from Classical Malay انجيڠ (anjing, “dog”), from Proto-Malayic *anjiŋ. Cognate with Minangkabau anjiang.

andjing

van Ophuijsen (1901–1947); Republik/Soewandi (1947–1972)

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual

Canis lupus familiaris
Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual

the species Canis familiaris (sometimes designated Canis lupus familiaris), domesticated for thousands of years and of highly variable appearance because of human breeding

any member of the family Canidae, including domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes, and their relatives (extant and extinct); canid

dog
the meat of this animal, eaten as food

(offensive) bitch; motherfucker (a despicable or disagreeable, aggressive person)


anjing

(offensive) bitch; fuck; shit; motherfucker (expressing dismay, discontent, or surprise)


selo

From Dutch cello, shortening of violoncello, from Italian violoncello.

(music) cello: a large stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings, tuned from lowest to highest C-G-D-A, and played with a bow, also possessing an endpin to support the instrument's weight.


valas

acronym of valuta asing (“foreign currency”).


gamelan

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ (gamelan), from Old Javanese gamelan.

a genre of traditional Indonesian music; specifically Javanese, Balinese and Sundanese origin typically featuring metallophones, xylophones, drums, gongs and a bamboo flute

an ensemble performing this style of music.


herbarium

Borrowed from Dutch herbarium, from Latin herbārium.


PAP

(slang) Alternative letter-case form of pap


nam

From Malay nam, shortened form of enam, from Proto-Malayic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


lari

Inherited from Malay lari, from Proto-Malayic *lari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laʀiw, from Proto-Austronesian *laʀiw.

to move forward quickly upon two feet by alternately making a short jump off either foot

(intransitive) to run (to move swiftly)
to go at a fast pace; to move quickly

(intransitive) to run (to move swiftly)
to compete in a race

(intransitive) to run (to move swiftly)
to flee from a danger or towards help

(intransitive) to run away
to flee by running

to leave home, or other place of residence, usually unannounced, or to make good on a threat, with such action usually performed by a child or juvenile

(intransitive, rare) to slide (to move on a low-friction surface)


lari

(figuratively) to gone (away, having left)

sesak berundur-undur, hendak lari malu, hendak menghambat tak lalu

tak akan lari gunung dikejar, hilang kabut tampaklah dia

tak kan lari gunung dikejar, hilang kabut tampaklah dia


lari

lari (the national currency of Georgia, divided into 100 tetri)


KB

keluarga berencana
keluarga berencana#Indonesian

(demography) Initialism of keluarga berencana (“family planning”).

kelompok bermain
kelompok bermain#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of kelompok bermain (“playgroup”).


KB

Kalimantan Barat
Kalimantan Barat#Indonesian


kio

litter (portable bed or couch used for transport)


PN

pengadilan negeri
pengadilan negeri#Indonesian

Initialism of pengadilan negeri (“district court”).

perusahaan negara
perusahaan negara#Indonesian

(historical) Initialism of perusahaan negara (“state-owned enterprise”).


dep

head

dèp (base/imperative dep, active mengedep, passive didep)

dèp (canonical)
mengedep (active)
didep (passive)


trotoar

→ Tetum: trotoár

From Dutch trottoir, from French trottoir.

sidewalk (US), pavement (UK), footpath (Australia)


PKC

Perusahaannya memiliki hubungan dengan PKC.

(politics) the CCP; Chinese Communist Party


bolos

bolos (root)
membolos (active)
terbolos (active involuntary)
dibolos (active involuntary passive)
bolos (active)
boloslah (active)
membolosi (active locative)
terbolosi (involuntary locative)
dibolosi (involuntary locative passive)
bolosi (locative)
bolosilah (locative)
memboloskan (active applicative causative)
terboloskan (applicative causative)
diboloskan (applicative causative passive)
boloskan (applicative causative)
boloskanlah (applicative causative)
memperbolos (active causative)
terperbolos (active causative involuntary)
diperbolos (active causative involuntary passive)
perbolos (active causative)
perboloslah (active causative)
memperbolosi (active causative locative)
terperbolosi (causative involuntary locative)
diperbolosi (causative involuntary locative passive)
perbolosi (causative locative)
perbolosilah (causative locative)
memperboloskan (active applicative causative)
terperboloskan (applicative causative)
diperboloskan (applicative causative passive)
perboloskan (applicative causative)
perboloskanlah (applicative causative)


mortem

Learned borrowing from Latin mortem, mors (“death, corpse, annihilation”), from Proto-Italic *mortis, from Proto-Indo-European *mértis (“death”), from *mer- (“to die”). Compare to Indonesian amerta (“immortal”).


isolator

(physics) insulator: a substance that does not transmit heat (thermal insulator), sound (acoustic insulator) or electricity (electrical insulator).


alveolus

From English alveolus, from Latin alveolus, a diminutive of alveus (“a tray, trough, basin”), from alvus (“the belly, the stomach, bowels, womb, etc.”).

(anatomy, pulmonology) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.

(anatomy, dentistry) A dental alveolus (tooth socket): the socket in which a tooth resides.


filum

(taxonomy) phylum: A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank


lengkap

nama lengkap

full: complete; with nothing omitted; total, entire.


cela

From Malay cela, from Sanskrit छल (chala).


dinar

From Malay dinar, from Classical Malay dinar, from Arabic دِينَار (dīnār).


sensor

censor, an official responsible for the removal of objectionable or sensitive content.


sensor

From English sensor. Pronunciation influenced by Dutch sensor.

sensor, a device or organ that detects certain external stimuli and responds in a distinctive manner.


jaro

the thick bamboo slats that are used as posts or fence


beri-beri

From Dutch beriberi, possibly borrowed from Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”) due to weakness.

(pathology) beriberi: an ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.


akur

From Dutch akkoord, from Middle Dutch accoort, from Old French acorder (Modern French accord), from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, formed from Latin ad + cor (“heart”). Doublet of accoord and akor.

(literally, possibly dated) To be in accord, in agreement.

(by extension) Cordial, congenial; to get along well in an agreeing and harmonious relationship.


helikopter

helikoptêr (canonical)
helikopter-helikopter (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch helikopter (“helicopter”), from French hélicoptère.

bor+

(aviation) helicopter: an aircraft that is borne along by one or more sets of long rotating blades which allow it to hover, move in any direction including reverse, or land; and typically having a smaller set of blades on its tail to stabilize the aircraft.


dansa

From Malay dansa, from Portuguese dança (“dance”) or Spanish danza (“dance”).


dapur

From Malay dapur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapuR, from Proto-Austronesian *dapuR (“hearth, external part”). Cognate with Tagalog dapog, Samoan magalafu (“fireplace, furnace”).

inh

hearth, the lowest part of a metallurgical furnace.

furnace: an industrial heating device, e.g. for smelting metal or baking ceramics.


dapur

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese ḍapur (“unit of rural society; cluster, pile”). Cognate of Javanese ꦝꦥꦸꦂ (dhapur, “shape, form, design; clump, cluster”).

cog

ancient village society in Ancient Java.


peti

From Malay peti, from Tamil பெட்டி (peṭṭi).


sendi

From Malay sendi, from Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhi), संधि (saṃdhi). Doublet of sandi.

The point where two components of a structure join.

(anatomy) Any part of the body where two bones join, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.

hinge (a jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door etc)


sendi

(civil engineering) pin (a short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which serves as a journal)


sidi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦶꦢꦶ (sidi), from Old Javanese siddhi, siddha, from Sanskrit सिद्धि (siddhi, “perfection”). Doublet of sida.


sidi

(Christianity, Protestantism) full member of the church.


sidi

From Arabic سَيِّد (sayyid, “Master, Lord, the nobleman”). Doublet of sayid and sayidi.


tribunal

Borrowed from Dutch tribunaal, from French tribunal, from Old French tribunal, from Latin tribūnal (“tribunal”)


voli

Internationalism, borrowed from English volley, from Middle French volée (“flight”), from Vulgar Latin volta, from Late Latin volatus.

(sports) Ellipsis of bola voli (“volleyball”).

The flight of a ball just before it bounces.

A shot in which the ball is played before it hits the ground.


meso-

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “middle”).


plafon

From Dutch plafon, plafond, from French plafond. Cognate with Afrikaans plafon, Sranan Tongo plafon.

(finance) The maximum permitted level in a financial transaction.

(architecture) The overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.


nota

From Dutch nota, from Latin nota. Doublet of not.


desa

From Malay desa, from Sanskrit देश (deśa).

(government) rural fourth-level division in Indonesia.


balkon

From Dutch balkon, from French balcon, from Italian balcone, from Old Italian balco (“scaffold”) + -one (augmentative suffix).

(architecture, real estate) an accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.

an accessible structure overlooking a stage or the like.


Palestina

Borrowed from Dutch Palestina (“Palestine”), from Latin Palaestīna (“Roman province of Palestine”), from Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē, “Philistia and the surrounding region”), from Hebrew פְּלֶשֶׁת (p'léshet, “Philistia, land of the Philistines”).


mager

magêr (canonical)
termager (superlative)

Blend of malas (“lazy”) + gerak (“move”)


bita

Borrowed from English byte, from alteration of the word bite. Compare to Standard Malay bait.

a unit of computing storage equal to eight bits, which can represent any of 256 distinct values

a short sequence of bits (binary digits) that can be operated on as a unit by a computer; the smallest usable machine word


Kirgizstan

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


couturier

Unadapted borrowing from French couturier.

ubor

a person who designs haute couture (high fashion).

a company that is owned by or employs such a person; a fashion house.


ginseng

ginséng (canonical)
ginseng-ginseng (plural)

Ultimately from Hokkien 人參 /人参 (jîn-sim, “ginseng”).


bilateral

Internationalism, affixed lateral + bi-, borrowed from Dutch bilateraal.


double entendre

Unadapted borrowing from English double entendre, from French double (“double”) + entendre (“to understand, to mean”).


tir

From Malay tir; ultimately from Tamil தேர் (tēr).


kanti

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶ (kanthi, “companion”), from Old Javanese kaṇṭi (“companion, ally”), probably from Sanskrit कान्ता (kāntā, “wife”), कान्त (kānta, “beloved”).

bor+

(rare) friend (person whose company one enjoys)


konsili

From Dutch concilie (“Church council”), from Middle Dutch concilie, from Latin concilium. Doublet of konsil.

Konsili Vatikan Kedua

(Christianity) A church council in which bishops and eminent theologians are assembled to decide issues, esp. in Catholicism and Orthodoxy.


memori

From Dutch memorie, from Middle French memorie, from Old French memoire, from Latin memoria (“the faculty of remembering, remembrance, memory, a historical account”), from memor (“mindful, remembering”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (to remember).

der

the ability of the brain to record information or impressions with the facility of recalling them later at will.

(computing) the part of a computer that stores variable executable code or data (RAM) or unalterable executable code or default data (ROM).


kalimat

From Arabic كَلِمَات (kalimāt, “word, speech, statement”). Doublet of kalimah.

kalimat pasif

(grammar) sentence: a grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop.


voilà

Unadapted borrowing from French voilà (literally “look there”).

ubor

voilà, there it is; see here; ta-da; presto; behold!


kroepoek

(1901–1947) obsolete spelling of kerupuk..


maquis

Unadapted borrowing from French maquis (“resistance, underground”, literally “thicket; macchia”), from Corsican machja or macchia, from Latin macula (“spot”).

(historical) maquis: The French resistance movement during World War II, or other similar movements elsewhere.


tinta

From Malay tinta, from Portuguese tinta, from Old Galician-Portuguese tinta, tĩta, from Latin tincta (“dyed”), perfect passive participle of tingō (“dye”, verb).


pagi

Inherited from Malay pagi. See there for further etymology.


premi

From Dutch premie, from Latin praemium. Doublet of premium.

A bonus paid in addition to normal payments.

(insurance) The amount to be paid for an insurance policy.

premi asuransi


regi

Borrowed from Dutch regie (“management”), from French régie (“administration, commission, state management”), régir (“to govern”), from Latin regere.


tablo

Borrowed from French tableau, from Old French tablel (“a surface which is used primarily for painting”), ultimately from Latin tabula (“tablet”).

a striking and vivid representation or scene; a picture.

tableau vivant: a vivid graphic scene of a group of people or objects arranged as in a painting or bas relief sculpture.

a unit of a play, an opera or a ballet with change of stage setting.


tiri

step- (the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent)


verano

From Spanish verano (“summer”), from Vulgar Latin *(tempus) veranum, from Latin vēr (“spring”), from earlier *veror, from Proto-Italic *wezor, from Proto-Indo-European *wésr̥ (“spring”).


hela

From Malay hela, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hilah (“drag, pull”). Cognate with Tagalog hila.

inh

menghelakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dihelakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


interna

From Dutch interne, in phrase of interne geneeskunde (“internal medicine”), from French interne (“internal”), from Latin internus. Compare to Czech interna. Doublet of intern.

internal medicine
internal medicine#English


aileron

From English aileron, from French aileron.


terbaring

(intransitive) to lie down (to take on a horizontal position)

(intransitive, specifically) to lie down accidentally or suddenly


nyokap

Coordinate term: bokap


sida

From Malay sida, from Sanskrit सिद्ध (siddha, “proven, sage, prophet, seer, personage or great saint”). Doublet of sidi.


integritas

intêgritas (canonical)
integritas-integritas (plural)

Affixed integer + -itas, from learned borrowing from Latin integritās.

steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code.

unimpaired; the state of being wholesome.


maître d'hôtel

Unadapted borrowing from French maître d’hôtel.

ubor

kepala pelayan
kepala pelayan#Indonesian

(rare) Synonym of kepala pelayan (“headwaiter”)


Bibel

From Dutch Bijbel (“Bible”), from Latin Biblia, from Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía, “books”), plural of βιβλίον (biblíon, “small book”), originally a diminutive of βίβλος (bíblos, “book”), from βύβλος (búblos, “papyrus”) (from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported this writing material).


antivirus

Borrowed from English antivirus. By surface analysis, anti- + virus.

(computing) antivirus (a piece of software that is used to detect, delete and or neutralize computer-based viruses)


sampan

From Malay sampan,
from Classical Malay سمڤن (sampan), from Hokkien 舢板 (sam-pán).


sus

Borrowed from Dutch soes (“choux pastry”).

bor+

choux pastry (a type of light pastry that is used to make profiteroles, éclairs, chouquettes, etc.)

profiterole (a small, hollow case of choux pastry with a filling)


fon

From Dutch foon (“phone”), from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

(linguistics) phone, a speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.


fon

From Dutch föhn (“foehn”), from German Föhn, from Vulgar Latin *faōnius, from Latin Favōnius (“Favonius”), a Roman wind god.

(meteorology) foehn, a warm dry wind blowing down the north sides of the Alps, especially in Switzerland, and similar warm dry wind developing on the lee side of a mountain.


fon

From English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).


Libanon

From Dutch Libanon, from Biblical Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn), from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”) (Compare Hebrew לָבָן (lāḇān, “white”), Arabic لَبَن (laban, “milk”)).

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


lagu

Inherited from Malay lagu, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lagu (“way, manner; melody”)


bandit

From Dutch bandiet, from Middle French bandit, from Italian bandito.


joki

high-occupancy vehicle lane
id:Tiga dalam satu
id:joki

jockey, one who rides racehorses competitively.

one who asked to do impersonation, a form of cheating whereby a different person than the student assigned an assignment or exam completes it.

car jockey, one who asked to impersonate as a passenger in a random commuter who does not have enough passengers to legally use a carpool lane.


in absentia

Learned borrowing from Latin in absentia (“in absence”).


cara

From Malay cara, from Classical Malay cara.
* From Javanese ꦕꦫ (cara, “manner, way, custom, style, language”), from Old Javanese cara, cāra, ācāra (“behaviour, conduct”), from Sanskrit आचार (ācāra, “behaviour, good conduct; usage; custom; rule”), from Sanskrit चर् (car, “to move, to practice”). Doublet of acara, acaram, and ajar.
* Alternatively, from Persian چاره (čâra, “remedy; help; business; scheme; means, manner, mode”).


cara

(cooking) a typical Ambon snack, made from a mixture of wheat flour, eggs, milk, butter, salt, sugar and liquid coconut milk, which is put into a special mold with a filling of sliced skipjack tuna and sauteed spices, topped with sliced red chilies, then baked [from 21th c.]


bastar

From Dutch bastaard, from Middle Dutch bastaert, from Old French bastard, from Late Latin bastardus, of Germanic origin, possibly Frankish.

bastard, mongrel, biological cross between different breeds, groups or varieties.

mixed, stemming from two or more races or breeds.

(biology) hybrid, offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.


agen

From Dutch agent, from French agent, from Latin agēns.

(economics, management, trading) one who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by authority from them; someone entrusted to do the business of another.

someone who works for an intelligence agency.

(biology, chemistry) an active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect.

(drama) a person who looks for work for another person.


aerogram

From Dutch aerogram, from English aerogram.

aerogram (a thin piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter and serving as its own envelope for transit via airmail)


mantel

mantêl (canonical)
mantel-mantel (plural)

From Dutch mantel (“mantle”), from Middle Dutch mantel, from Latin mantēllum.

coat (an outer garment covering the upper torso and arms)


puri

From Malay puri, from Sanskrit पुर (pura). Doublet of pura.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦸꦫꦶ (puri, “palace”) and Balinese ᬧᬸᬭᬷ (puri, “palace, temple”).


Maroko

From Dutch Marokko, from Portuguese Marrocos and/or Spanish Marruecos, from Arabic مُرَّاكُش (murrākuš), from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”).


af

From Dutch af (“off”), from Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.


Inggris

From earlier Inggeris, from Malay Inggeris, from Portuguese ingrês, a now obsolete form of Portuguese inglês, from Old French angleis, from Old English Englisċ. Compare Tagalog Ingles.

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

United Kingdom (a kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland#English:_Q174193

w:Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927

Irish Free State
Irish Free State#English

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (The official name of the United Kingdom 1801-1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).)

Kingdom of Great Britain#English:_Q161885

(historical) Kingdom of Great Britain (a former sovereign state in Western Europe, encompassing the island of Great Britain and formed from the union of the kingdoms of Scotland and England in 1707, predecessor of the United Kingdom)


raun

From English round. Doublet of ronda, ronde, and rondo.


bibimbap

Learned borrowing from Korean 비빔밥 (bibimbap), compound of 비빔 (bibim, “mixing”) + 밥 (bap, “rice”).

lbor

(cooking) bibimbap: a Korean dish of white rice topped with vegetables, beef, a whole egg, and gochujang (chili pepper paste).


ruh

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of roh (“spirit, soul, life”)


SBM

standar biaya masukan
standar biaya masukan#Indonesian

(economics, finance) Initialism of standar biaya masukan.

(education) Initialism of sekolah bisnis dan manajemen (“school of business and management”).


maya

From Malay maya, from Pali maya, from Sanskrit माया (māyā).

Dunia maya.


BB

(healthcare) Initialism of berat badan (“bodyweight”).


gen

(genetics) gene (a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms)


BI

(education) initialism of Bahasa Indonesia (“Indonesian language”).


BI

Bank Indonesia
Bank Indonesia#Indonesian


boks

a cuboid space; a cuboid container, often with a hinged lid.

a cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container.

(transport) box truck: a chassis cab truck with an enclosed cuboid-shaped cargo area.


kalender

kalèndêr (canonical)
kalender-kalender (plural)

From Dutch kalender, from Latin calendarium.

any system by which time is divided into days, weeks, months, and years.

a means to determine the date consisting of a document containing dates and other temporal information.

schedule: an orderly list or enumeration of events.


nona

From Ambonese Malay nona or Malay nona (“young lady”), from Portuguese dona (“lady”) likely via Javanese.


taksi

Borrowed from Dutch taxi (“taxi”), from French taxi, from German Taxameter.


taksi

taxi: to move an aircraft on the ground under its own power.


basilika

From Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”).

(architecture) basilica: a Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


aula

From Dutch aula, from Latin aula, from Ancient Greek αὐλή (aulḗ, “courtyard”).


jibun

From Hokkien 十分 (si̍p-hun, “absolutely”, literally “ten out of ten”). Cognate to Japanese 十分 (jūbun, “plenty”).


MOS

(education, historical) Initialism of masa orientasi siswa (“student orientation”).


HST

(agriculture) Initialism of hari setelah tanam (“days after planting”).


kop

From Dutch kop, from Middle Dutch cop, probably from Late Latin cuppa. Cognate to Afrikaans kop.


aki

Borrowed from Dutch accu (“battery”), from accumulator, from French accumulateur, from Latin accumulātor.

(Standard Malay)


asa

From Malay asa, from Sanskrit आशा (āśā).


asa

From Minangkabau asa, from Sanskrit आशा (āśā).

(dialectal, uncommon) Synonym of sangka (“to think, guess, suspect”)


asa

(dialectal, uncommon) Synonym of sengaja (“intentionally”)


aji

Inherited from Malay aji, from Javanese ꦲꦗꦶ (aji), from Old Javanese aji.


aji

Inherited from Malay aji, from Javanese ꦲꦗꦶ (aji), from Old Javanese aji, haji. Cognate with Tagalog hari.


saldo

(accounting) balance: the difference between credit and debit of an account.


bala

From Malay bala, from Sanskrit बल (bala).


bala

From Malay bala, from Arabic بَلَاء (balāʔ).


bala

From Javanese ꦧꦭ (bala) or Balinese ᬩᬮ (bala).


bala

(dialectal) birds that are deemed able to give signal through their movements or sound.


programa

From Dutch programma (“show”), from Late Latin programma, from Ancient Greek πρόγραμμα (prógramma). Doublet of program.


okrug

(government) okrug (an administrative division of certain Slavic states)


ikebana

id-noun

ikebana (countable and uncountable, plural ikebana-ikebana)

From Japanese 生け花 (ikebana, “flower arrangement, ikebana”).

bor

An arrangement of flowers in this style.


isu

From English issue, from Middle English issue, from Old French issue (“an exit, a way out”), feminine past participle of issir (“to exit”), from Latin exeō (“go out, exit”), from prefix ex- (“out”) + eō (“go”).

issue: any question or situation to be resolved.

(colloquial) rumor, rumour: a statement or claim of questionable accuracy, from no known reliable source, usually spread by word of mouth.


masa

From Malay masa, from Old Javanese masa, māsa (“time, time of day; season”, literally “month”), from Sanskrit मास (māsa, “month”).
* The sense of doubt or disbelief expression is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦺꦴꦱꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (mosok), variant of ꦩꦱ (masa, “disbelief expression”, literally “certainly not”), from Old Javanese masa (“certainly not”) (cf. salah masa (“at the wrong time”)).

sl

history: period of time seen as coherent entity.

length of time during which something repeats.

time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc.

measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time.

numerical indication of a particular moment in time.


masa

words to express distrust and rhetorical in nature

express the speaker's doubt or disbelief about something that they have just heard, learned, or noticed


masa

Ultimately from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “a weight of gold”).

(archaeology) unit of measurement of weight for gold and silver


liga

Borrowed from Dutch liga, from Italian lega, from the verb legare, from Latin ligō (“I tie”).


eco

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦺꦕ (éco, éca, “delicious”), from Old Javanese ica, icchā (“wish, desire; pleased”), from Sanskrit इच्छा (icchā, “wish, desire, inclination”).

der

(colloquial, Central Java) delicious (pleasing to taste)


figura

From Portuguese figura, from Old Galician-Portuguese figura, fegura, borrowed from Latin figūra. Doublet of figur and pigura.

end of year celebration in Manado, in the form of a parade around the village, followed by men dressed as women and women dressed like men.


DPR

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat#Indonesian

House of Representatives
House of Representatives

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“House of Representatives”, literally “People's Representative Council”).


pipa

* From Malay pipa (“barrel, cask, chimney”), from Portuguese pipa (“cask”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pipa, from Vulgar Latin *pipa, from Latin pipo (“I pip”).
* The sense “pipe” is a semantic loan from Dutch pijp.

a rigid tube that transports water, steam or other fluid, as used in plumbing and numerous other applications.

a hollow stem with a bowl at one end used for smoking, especially a tobacco pipe but also including various other forms such as a water pipe.


bidan

From Malay bidan, from Sanskrit विद्वान् (vidvān), विद्वस् (vidvas, “sage, seer”). Doublet of biduan.


pati

Unknown, possibly from Sanskrit पति (pati, “root”).


pati

perwira tinggi
perwira tinggi#Indonesian

Acronym of perwira tinggi (“high ranking officer”).


pati

From Javanese ꦥꦠꦶ (pati, “death”), from Old Javanese pati, pāti, from Sanskrit पात (pāta, “death”), पत् (pat), from Proto-Indo-European *pet-.


ve

The name of the Latin-script letter V/v.


gaz

(archaic) guz: A unit of length used in parts of Asia, ranging from 24 to 41 inches.


frase

Borrowed from Dutch frase (“phrase”), from Late Latin phrasis (“diction”), from Ancient Greek φράσις (phrásis, “manner of expression”).


bomba

From Malay bomba, from Portuguese bomba.


sensus

sènsus (canonical)
sensus-sensus (plural)

From Dutch census, from Latin cēnsus. Cognate to Afrikaans sensus.

census, an official count or enumeration of members of a population (not necessarily human), usually residents or citizens in a particular region, often done at regular intervals.


señor

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish señor (“señor”). Doublet of senior, senyur, and sinyo.

ubor

señor (a Spanish term of address equivalent to sir or Mr.)


vena

Learned borrowing from Latin vēna (“vein”).

learned borrowing

(medicine) vein, a blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.


wonton

From English wonton, from Cantonese 雲吞 /云吞 (wan⁴ tan¹).


duh

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese duh (“juice, sap, oil”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“sap, juice”). Doublet of juruh.
* Construction of duh tubuh is a semantic loan from Dutch lichaamssap (“bodily fluid”, literally “body sap”). However, contemporary term for bodily fluid is cairan tubuh.

sl

Keluhan duh tubuh vagina abnormal biasanya disebabkan oleh radang vagina, tetapi dapat pula akibat radang serviks yang mukopurulen.

Abnormal vaginal discharge complaint usually can be caused of vaginal inflammation, but can be caused of mucopurulent cervical inflammation.

(medicine, pathology) discharge: pus or exudate (other than blood) from a wound or orifice, usually due to infection or pathology.


bento

From Japanese 弁当(べんとう) (bentō), from Mandarin 便當／便当 (biàndang, “convenient”).

bento, a Japanese takeaway lunch served in a box, often with the food arranged into an elaborate design.


ambo

Learned borrowing from Late Latin ambō, from Ancient Greek ἄμβων (ámbōn).

(Catholicism) ambo: stationary podium used for readings and homilies.


ari

stable (a building, wing or dependency set apart and adapted for lodging and feeding (and training) ungulates, especially horses)


ari

(transitive) to tether (to restrict with, or as if, with a tether)


ari

a thin layer; can be roughly translated as lamina.


ari

Unknown, probably learned borrowing from Sanskrit हरि (hari, “a snake”).

lbor

ellipsis of ular ari (“a kind of snake”).


drat

From Dutch draad (“screw thread”, literally “thread, wire”) (formally schroefdraad (“screw thread”)), from Middle Dutch drâet, from Old Dutch *thrād, from Proto-Germanic *þrēduz.

bor

(engineering) screw thread: a helical ridge formed around a cylinder, or a helical groove formed around the inner wall of a bore, used mostly on fasteners and their connection points.


tesis

From Dutch thesis (current spelling these), from Latin thesis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody”).

der

dissertation: a lengthy essay written to establish the validity of a thesis, especially one submitted as a requirement for a university degree.


ampul

From Malay ampul, Classical Malay امڤول (ampul).

used in the form mengampul (“to swell; to expand”)


ampul

Borrowed from Dutch ampul (“ampoule”). Doublet of ampula.

(medicine) ampoule (a small, closed (glass or artificial) vial used to dose medicine)

(Catholicism) ampulla: a vessel for containing consecrated wine or oil.


mas

From Javanese ꦩꦱ꧀ (mas, “brother, older brother; gold”), from Old Javanese mas, mās, ĕmas, hĕmas, from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “particular weight of gold”).

der

(formal) Second-person male singular pronoun: you, your, yours

saudara

used for people of either gender of equal status

bapak

father; lit. ; used for men of higher status

ibu

mother; lit. ; used for women of higher status


mas

From Malay mas, shortened from emas, see previous etymology.


idem

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch idem, from Latin idem (“the same”).


carian

finding; searching; seeking (something from the result or action of the verbs)


realitas

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin reālitās (compare Malay realiti).

lbor

Karyan sastra tidak hanya rangkaian kata demi kita, tetapi berbicara tentang kehidupan, baik secara realitas ada maupun hanya dalam gagasan atau cita-cita manusia.

2016, Ekawati Ekawati, Doni Setiyawan, quoting Prof. Dr. Dadang Sunendar, “Introduction”, in Hikayat Bayan Budiman (fiction), Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, →ISBN, page i:

Literary works are not only a series of words for our sake, but a conversation about life, both in reality as well as (that which exists) only in ideas or ambitions of humans.


asesor

From Dutch assessor, from Latin assessor (“assistant judge; assessor of taxes”).


inget

From Javanese inget (ꦲꦶꦔꦠ꧀), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *iŋat, from Proto-Austronesian *iŋat.


saru

(dialect, Java) indecent, improper, unbecoming, annoying.


saru

From Malay saru, from Arabic سَرْو (sarw, “cypress”).