singgahan

(computing) cache (temporary storage for data)


alarm palsu

From alarm (“alarm”) + palsu (“false, fake”), calque of English false alarm.

false alarm (trigger of an unfounded response)


fitur

From English feature, from Anglo-Norman feture, from Old French faiture, from Latin factūra. Doublet of faktur.


kiai

→ Min Nan: 稽 (ke)

From Javanese kyai (ꦏꦾꦲꦶ), from Old Javanese kiya-kiya, kyayi (“respected person”). Semantic loan from Banjarese kiai for distric chief sense.
Compare Proto-Malayic *akiʔ (“grandfather”) and Central Malay yai (“grandfather”).

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

honorific for tiger (Panthera tigris), when trespass the forest

(historical) district chief, in South Kalimantan


kiai

From Japanese 気合(きあい) (kiai, “yell; spirit, fight”).

(sports) kiai, the yell or shout uttered when performing a move in martial arts.


kajang

Inherited from Malay kajang, from Classical Malay کاجڠ (kajang).


PLTN

pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir#Indonesian

Initialism of pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir.


pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir

id-noun

pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir (plural pembangkit-pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir)

pembangkit listrik (“power plant”) + tenaga nuklir (“nuclear power”), calque of English nuclear power plant.


nuklir

nuclear, pertaining to the nucleus of an atom.


listrik

From older spellings lestrik, lesterik, elestrik, borrowed from Dutch elektriciteit (unusually metathesized into *elestrikiteit), from French électrique, from Latin ēlectricus, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron). Doublet of elektrik.


listrik

→ Ternate: listrik


pembangkit listrik

id-noun

pembangkit listrik (plural pembangkit-pembangkit listrik)

Compound of pembangkit (“generator, power plant”) + listrik (“electricity”). Compare to Dutch elektriciteitscentrale and French centrale électrique.

compound

(electricity) power plant, power station.


arya

From Sanskrit आर्य (ārya, “noble, noble one”). Doublet of ayah.

der

former title for higher official in Javanese kingdom period.


RAT

rapat anggota tahunan
rapat anggota tahunan#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of rapat anggota tahunan.


tampi

From Malay tampi, from Classical Malay tampi, from Proto-Malayic *tampi.


aor

to stir the rice while drying it using ten fingers so that it dries evenly.


aor

feels bitter in the mouth due to smoking too much, being sick, and so on.

tired (about the mouth) from chewing food too much.


paroki

From Late Latin parochia, from Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía, “a dwelling abroad”).
* Via Dutch parochie (“parish”), from Middle Dutch prochie.
* Via Portuguese paróquia (“parish”).


HSS

Initialism of hari setelah semai (“days after sowing”).


teritorial

Borrowed from Dutch territoriaal (“territorial”).


sahur

From Malay sahur,
from Classical Malay sahur, from Arabic سَحُور (saḥūr).

(Islam) suhur, a pre-dawn breakfast during the Ramadan fasting


tamak

From Malay tamak, from Arabic طَمَع (ṭamaʕ, “greed”).


autogen

From Dutch autogeen, from German autogen.


aktivasi

Affixed aktif + -asi, borrowed from Dutch activatie (“activation”).


menonaktifkan

head

menonaktifkan (ordinary/imperative nonaktifkan, active menonaktifkan, passive dinonaktifkan, accidental/perfect passive ternonaktifkan)

menonaktifkan (active)
dinonaktifkan (passive)

Affixed of nonaktif (“nonactive”) + meng- -kan

Kami untuk sementara waktu menonaktifkan layanan aplikasi kami karena sedang dalam perbaikan.

We have temporarily disabled our app service as it is under maintenance.

(transitive) to deactivate, to disable (to put something out of action)


palsu

(of status); by using a fake identity (fake police, etc)

A copy; something that is not the real thing; imitation.

(of voice) Displeasing to the ear; ugly.


deret

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) the sequence of partial sums ∑ᵢ₌₁ⁿa_i of a given sequence aᵢ.

(phonology) a set of consonants that share a particular phonetic or phonological feature.


mematikan

mêmatikan (comparative lebih mematikan, superlative termematikan, equative semematikan)

mêmatikan (canonical)
lebih mematikan (comparative)
termematikan (superlative)
semematikan (equative)


mesin tik

[məˌsɪn ˈt̪ɪk̚]

mesin (“machine”) + tik (“type”), calque of English typewriter.


piranti

From Javanese ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ (piranti), from Old Javanese paranti (“expedient, tool, ready, place”). Doublet of peranti. Equivalent to peng- + rantai.


surga

From Malay shurga, shorga, sorga, surga, swarga, syorga, syurga (Standard Malay syurga), from Classical Malay شرݢ (syurga), شرݢ (surga), from Sanskrit स्वर्ग (svarga).

(religion) paradise, heaven. (any religions)

(Hinduism) alternative spelling of swarga (“svarga”)


persinggahan

From Malay persinggahan, from Classical Malay persinggahan. Equivalent to singgah + per- -an.


tembolok

Inherited from Malay تمبولوق (tembolok, “craw”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">tembolok</i>


Liu

From Hakka (Liù, Liuˇ, Liu2) pronunciations, from Chinese 劉／刘 (liú).

a surname, Liu, from Chinese
a surname from Hakka


Rahman

Ultimately from Arabic رَحْمٰن (raḥmān).


mosaik

From Dutch mozaïek, from Middle French mosaïque, from Italian mosaico, from Medieval Latin musaicum, from Late Latin musivum (opus), from Latin museum, musaeum, probably from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon), shrine of the Muses, (Μοῦσα (Moûsa)).

(art) A piece of artwork created by placing colored squares (usually tiles) in a pattern so as to create a picture.

(photography) A composite picture made from overlapping photographs.

(botany, phytopathology) Any of several viral diseases that cause mosaic-like patterns to appear on leaves.


memasang

From Malay memasang,
from Classical Malay memasang. Equivalent to
meng- + pasang.

To put on (clothing, equipment or the like);

(clothing) To put on, to dress in; to don

To attach (an object) to a support, backing, framework etc; to mount.

To hang (a notice) in a conspicuous manner for general review.

To connect, set up or prepare something for use


percakapan

conversation: expression and exchange of individual ideas through talking with other people; also, a set instance or occasion of such talking.

dialog: a conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals.

talk: a conversation or discussion: usually serious, but informal.

chatter: especially meaningless or unimportant talk.

An exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, resembling a face-to-face conversation


liwa

From Malay liwa, from Arabic لِوَاء (liwāʔ, “banner, flag, standard”).


perkakas

From Javanese ꦥꦼꦂꦏꦏꦱ꧀ (perkakas). Equivalent to per- + kakas.


jari tengah

jari têngah (canonical)
jari-jari tengah (plural)

Compound of jari (“finger”) + tengah (“middle”)


katekis

Borrowed from Dutch catechist, from Latin catēchista.

(Christianity) catechist (one who practices catechesis, i.e., catechizes catechumens; a teacher who instructs students in the doctrines of a particular Christian denomination typically in preparation for confirmation)


bisnis

From Dutch business, from English business, from Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”).

kemampuan ukur personel dan sasaran bisnis

siklus keberhasilan dan kegagalan bisnis

sistem informasi bisnis pendukung keputusan

Ellipsis of kelas bisnis (“business class”).


wesel

From Dutch wissel, from Middle Dutch wissel. Cognate of Peranakan Indonesian wissel.

(Standard Malay)

(finance) money order, a type of cheque, usually purchased from a postal service to allow safe sending of money through the post, possibly to be redeemed in another country.


Sanskerta

Sanskrit (of or pertaining to the Sanskrit language)


HET

harga eceran tertinggi
harga eceran tertinggi#Indonesian

(business, economics) Initialism of harga eceran tertinggi (“retail price ceiling”).


upacara

From Malay upacara, from Sanskrit उपचार (upacāra).


hari lahir

Compound of hari + lahir, inherited from Malay hari lahir.


lezat

Inherited from Malay lazat, from Arabic لَذَّة (laḏḏa).


zindik

Borrowed from Arabic زِنْدِيق (zindīq), itself from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭭𐭣𐭩𐭪 (zandīk).


sanggama

Inherited from Malay sanggama, from Sanskrit सङ्गम (saṅgama, “intercourse, sexual union”).

sexual intercourse
sexual intercourse#English


layangan

kite (a flying lightweight toy that is flat and shaped like a triangle, played in wind)


ulit

Inherited from Malay ulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulij, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulij (“to lie or sleep next to”).


daing

From Malay daing, from Classical Malay داءيڠ (daeng).


superadmin

Internationalism, affixed admin + super-, borrowed from English superadmin.

information technology
information technology

(information technology) superadmin, superadministrator


UMK

(law, Indonesia) Initialism of upah minimum kabupaten.

(law, Indonesia) Initialism of upah minimum kota .


djam

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of jam.


Matius

(biblical) Matthew (disciple of Jesus, author of the Gospel of Matthew)

a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Matthew


kutang

From Portuguese cotão, from French coton (“cotton”), from Old French coton.


terigu

têrigu (canonical)
terigu-terigu (plural)

From Malay terigu, from Portuguese trigo (“wheat”), from Old Galician-Portuguese triigo, from Latin triticum.


gandum

From earlier gandoem, from Malay gandum, from Classical Malay gandum (“wheat”), from Persian گندم (gandom), from Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /gannum/, “wheat”), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (Hᵍ /gan(d)um/)), from Proto-Iranian, from possibly Semitic (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ).


simposium

Borrowed from Dutch symposium, from Latin symposium, from Ancient Greek συμπόσιον (sumpósion, “drinking party”), συμπίνω (sumpínō, “drink together”) συν- (sun-, “together-”) + πίνω (pínō, “drink”).

symposium: a conference or other meeting for discussion of a topic, especially one in which the participants make presentations.


komorbid

(pathology) comorbid: that occurs at the same time as another.


federalisme

Borrowed from Dutch federalisme (“federalism”), from French fédéralisme.


tukil

From Malay tukil, from Classical Malay توکيل (tukil), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tukil.

a bamboo cylinder for juice obtained from the blossom of the coconut palm or sugar palm


perangkat keras

id-noun

perangkat keras (plural perangkat-perangkat keras)

From perangkat (“equipment”) + keras (“hard”). Calque of English hardware.


makna

Borrowed from Arabic مَعْنًى (maʕnan) via Malay makna.


tukang

id-noun

tukang (plural tukang-tukang or para tukang)

tukang-tukang (plural)
para tukang (plural)

Inherited from Malay tukang. Semantic loan from Betawi tukang for the senses of “seller” and “person with bad habit”.

tukang mabuk


bosan

membosankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

dibosankan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

bored (impatient or dissatisfied because one lacks interest in one's current activity)

bored (uninterested or inattentive because of frequent exposure or indulgence)

bored (annoyed about something that has continued for too long)


eksper

èkspèr (canonical)
eksper-eksper (plural)

From Dutch expert (“expert”), from Middle Dutch expert, from Middle French expert, from Old French expert, from Latin expertus.


serah

serahkan, serahkanlah

menyerahkan (“to give away, to hand over”)

penyerahan

giving away, giving up, submission, an act of giving something away


reliabel

Internationalism, borrowed from English reliable.

Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependence, reliance or trust; dependable, trustworthy.


nilai

From Malay nilai, from Classical Malay nilai, from Tamil நிலை (nilai, “character, quality, nature”).


bernilai

From Malay bernilai,
from Classical Malay bernilai. Equivalent to
ber- + nilai.


menilai

From Malay menilai, from Classical Malay menilai. Equivalent to meng- + nilai.

jangan menilai buku dari sampulnya


penilaian

pênilaian (canonical)
penilaian-penilaian (plural)

Affixed nilai (“value”) + peng- -an, inherited from Malay penilaian.

(education) the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning

(Standard Malay)


membangun

head

mêmbangun (comparative lebih membangun, superlative paling membangun)

mêmbangun (canonical)
lebih membangun (comparative)
paling membangun (superlative)

constructive (carefully considered and meant to be helpful)


gerak

(mechanics) a change from one place to another.

motion
a change from one place to another.


bergerak

From Malay bergerak,
from Classical Malay bergerak. Equivalent to ber- + gerak.


penggerak

pênggêrak (canonical)
penggerak-penggerak (plural)

mover:
someone who or something that moves.

prime mover: a machine that converts various other forms of energy (chemical, electrical, fluid pressure/flow, etc.) into energy of movement.


pergerakan

gerak (“to move”) + per- -an. From Malay pergerakan.

movement (trend in various fields or social categories)


catu

From Malay catu, from Old Javanese catu (“portion, part, share”), probably from Tamil சத்து (cattu, “flour”), from Sanskrit सक्तु (saktu, “coarsely ground meal”).

der

ration: a portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group.


strok

From Malay strok, from English stroke, from Middle English stroke, strok, strak, from Old English strāc (“stroke”), from Proto-West Germanic *straik (“stroke”), from Proto-Germanic *straikaz (“stroke”), from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“stroke; to strike”).


draf

From English draft, phonetic spelling of draught, from Middle English draught, from Old English *dreaht, *dræht, from Proto-Germanic *drahtuz, noun form of *draganą.

draft: an early version of a written work (such as a book or e-mail) or drawing; a preliminary sketch or outline for a plan.


lemang

lêmang (canonical)
lemang-lemang (plural)

From Malay lemang, from Classical Malay لمڠ (lĕmang), from Proto-Malayic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləməŋ. Cognate of Minangkabau lamang.

bersandar di lemang hangat

(literally, “leaning against a hot lemang”)

menyandang lemang hangat orang

(literally, “slinging someone else's hot lemang over the shoulder”)

pulling the chestnuts out of the fire for someone

lemang (a type of food made of glutinous rice and coconut milk baked in a length of bamboo lined with banana leaf)


Usman

Ultimately from Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān).

Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān)


Ishak

Arabic إِسْحَاقَ (ʔisḥāqa)

(Christianity, Judaism) Isaac (Biblical character)


pj

penanggung jawab
penanggung jawab#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of penanggung jawab.


dalem

From Javanese ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem), from Old Javanese dalem, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm (“inside, deep”), from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalam.
* The term is associated with the inner part of a royal compound, throughout the Malayo-Javanic cultural area. The reference to “inner” and “inner area” as related to a socially higher status (king, royal residence, and respect) in Malay, Old Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese and Sasak, which appears to be a later innovation related to with Indicized cultural concepts, the development of complex social stratification systems based on increasingly hereditary ranks that extended clan based or tribal relations and ascribed status systems, and the development of economies based on wet rice agriculture.
* The sense of term of address is a semantic loan from Sundanese ᮓᮜᮨᮙ᮪ (dalem). Compare to Javanese ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem, “a term of address for person of an aristocratic family”).


dalem

Dalem Kepatihan

Dalem Mangkubumen

palace: walled-in residence compound of an aristocratic family.

Dated spelling of dalam (“inside, indoors; interior”).


dalem

a term of address for bupati, especially in Sunda.


dalem

Dated spelling of dalam (“inside, in, within”).


kakaktua

From Malay kakaktua, from
kakak + tua (“old”) or perhaps onomatopoeic.

cockatoo (a bird of the family Cacatuidae with a curved beak and a zygodactyl foot)

(colloquial, by extension) parrot (any bird of the order Psittaciformes)


kakaktua

pincers (a gripping tool, pivoted like a pair of scissors, but with blunt jaws)


Ayub

Ayyub

Ayoub; given name from Arabic; senses, and only

(Christianity, Judaism) Job (Biblical character)

(Christianity, Judaism) Job (book of the Bible)


kecamatan

kêcamatan (canonical)
kecamatan-kecamatan (plural)

→ English: kecamatan

Affixed of camat + ke- -an, from Javanese ꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀ (kacamatan).

(government) the third-level administrative division in Indonesia, previously Dutch onderdistrict (“subdistrict”).


camat

chief executive officer
chief executive officer

(government) The chief executive officer in a third-level administrative division, kecamatan, in Indonesia.


lurah

* Inherited from Malay lurah (“valley; groove”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦭꦸꦫꦃ (lurah, “village chief”, literally “chief”) for the sense of a fourth-level administrative division chief executive officer (compare Old Javanese lurah (“chief, head, officer; plain, valley; ravine, depth, gorge”)).

cog

(government) The chief executive officer in a subdistrict, urbanized fourth-level administrative division, kelurahan, in Indonesia.

(Yogyakarta, government) The chief executive officer in a subdistrict, rural fourth-level administrative division, kalurahan, in Yogyakarta.


kelurahan

kêlurahan (canonical)
kelurahan-kelurahan (plural)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦼꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ (kelurahan)

Affixed lurah (“urbanized fourth-level administrative division chief executive officer”) + ke- -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ (kalurahan). Doublet of kalurahan.

bor+

A county-level division below the kecamatan government in Indonesia.


perangkat pemeras

id-noun

perangkat pemeras (plural perangkat-perangkat pemeras)


gubernur

gubêrnur (canonical)
gubernur-gubernur (plural)

→ Min Nan: 鵝蠻律 /鹅蛮律 (gô-bân-lu̍t)

From earlier East Indies Malay goepernoer, from Dutch gouverneur, from Middle Dutch gouverneur, from Middle French gouverneur, from Old French gouvreneur, from Latin gubernator.

(government) the chief executive officer of a province or provincial-level division known as a provinsi in Indonesia.

(military) The head of military education institution.


perangkat perusak

perangkat perusak (plural perangkat-perangkat perusak)


arkais

From Dutch archaïsch, from Late Latin archaicus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχαϊκός (arkhaïkós).


siwar

(fashion) a woven thread, used as a separator and strengthener for the base of the tassel on a typical Sumbawa men's shawl


siwar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦶꦮꦂ (siwar, “whisker, dorsal fin”).


siwar

a cross weave, on the frame at the mouth of the lanjung, functions as a reinforcement and knot at the end of the weave so that it is sturdy, looks neat and beautiful


intip

intip (root)
mengintip (active)
diintip (active involuntary passive)
intip (active)
intiplah (active)
mengintipi (active locative)
diintipi (involuntary locative passive)
intipi (locative)
intipilah (locative)
mengintipkan (active applicative causative)
diintipkan (applicative causative passive)
intipkan (applicative causative)
intipkanlah (applicative causative)


biara

From Malay biara (“monastery”), from Old Malay vihāra (“monastery”), from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “monastery, academy”). Doublet of wihara.

der

monastery: a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).


keinggrisan

English; of or pertaining to England or to the people of England


mudarabah

Borrowed from Arabic مُضَارَبَة (muḍāraba, “venture”).


konteks

From Dutch context, from Middle French contexte or Latin contextus.

the surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or settings that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.

(linguistics) the text in which a word or passage appears and which helps ascertain its meaning.


wiku

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦶꦏꦸ (wiku, “priest; monk, nun”), from Old Javanese wiku (“sage; priest; monk, nun”), from Pali bhikkhu (“beggar, Buddhist monk”), from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”). Doublet of biku and biksu.


usaha

From Malay usaha, from Classical Malay usaha, from Pali ussāha (“strength, power, energy; endeavour, good”), from Sanskrit उत्साह (utsāha).

usaha melawan

action: something done so as to accomplish a purpose.

usaha kudeta

attempt: the action of trying at something.

Usaha yang bagus, Nak.

a specific commercial enterprise or establishment.

business:
a person's occupation, work, or trade.

commercial, industrial, or professional activity.

company: any business, whether incorporated or not, that manufactures or sells products (also known as goods), or provides services as a commercial venture.

usaha dagang

usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah

micro, small, or medium-sized enterprise

usaha tani

agricultural enterprise; farming business

a company, business, organization, or other purposeful endeavor.

usaha kerjasama

an undertaking or project, especially a risky, daring or courageous one; venture

usaha bersama

(physics) a measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance

(physics, more generally) a measure of energy that is usefully extracted from a process


bahagi

head

bahagi (active membahagi, passive dibahagi)


IMT

indeks massa tubuh
indeks massa tubuh#Indonesian

Initialism of indeks massa tubuh (“body mass index”)


chef de cuisine

id-noun

chef de cuisine (plural chef-chef de cuisine)

Unadapted borrowing from French chef de cuisine (literally “chief of (the) kitchen”).

ubor

(cooking) chef de cuisine: the main or executive chef in a restaurant.


tanggapan

(Standard Malay)


hemoptisis

From English hemoptysis, from Ancient Greek αἱμο- (haimo-, “blood”) + πτύσις (ptúsis, “spitting”). Compare to Dutch hemoptoë.

com

(pathology) hemoptysis, haemoptysis: expectoration (coughing up) of blood from the respiratory system.


khatulistiwa

From Malay khatulistiwa, from Arabic خط الاستواء.

der

Arabic خط الاستواء


bangga

From Malay bangga, probably related to Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅga, “dividing, destruction”).


bangga

From Javanese bangga (ꦧꦔ꧀ꦒ, “to resist, to disobey, to refuse”), from Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅga, “dividing, destruction”).


sulang

head

sulang (active menyulang, passive disulang)

Inherited from Malay sulang, further etymology is unknown.

bersulang-sulangan

to give drink to each other; to fight each other's beaks

sulangi

to give drink or invite for drink repeatedly


sulang

(rough translation) a lamp, that can produce soot


tapal

Probably from Dutch de paal (“the post”); compare to Malay tapal (“border”), Malayalam തപാൽ (tapāl, “post”) and Tamil தபால் (tapāl, “post”).


tapal

From Malay tapal (“lotion”), probably from Tamil தப்பளம் (tappaḷam, “smearing; oil”). Cognate Tagalog tapal.


seru

From Malay seru, from Sanskrit श्रु (śru, “to listen, hear; learn”).


seru

From Malay seru, from Javanese ꦱꦼꦫꦸ (seru, “loud, strong”), ꦱꦿꦸ (sru, “loud, strong”), from Old Javanese sru (“swiftness, force, vehemence”).

sharp, powerful, violent, furious, severe, intense


seru

From Malay seru, from Sanskrit सर्व (sarva, “all”). Doublet of sarwa and serba.


kuota

From English quota, from Latin quota pars; from Dutch quota, plural form of quotum; see Latin quota.

Artinya, masih ada jatah kuota 255 kursi untuk pertanian yang belum terisi di Unpad.

2009 August, “Peminat Beasiswa Gubernur Kurang”, in Pikiran Rakyat [The Thought of the People] (broadsheet), Bandung: PT. Pikiran Rakyat Bandung, archived from the original on 2022-09-04:

Meaning, there's still a quota of 255 seats for agriculture left in Unpad.


Nabi

Alternative letter-case form of nabi (“prophet, nabi”)


Nabi

Kuri (pertaining to Austronesian people of the Bomberai Peninsula of New Guinea)

Nambi, Metan (pertaining to the Melanesian people of the Sandauan Province of New Guinea)


sialan

(offensive, vulgar) Fuck!, shit! (expression of anger, contempt, etc.)


biasa saja

(informal) so-so (beither good nor bad; tolerable; passable; indifferent)


Mukhtar

From Arabic مُخْتَار (muḵtār, “chosen”).


uler

From Javanese ꦲꦸꦭꦼꦂ (uler), from Old Javanese ulĕr. Doublet of ulat.

(chiefly Yogyakarta, colloquial) caterpillar


potret

Borrowed from Dutch portret, from French portrait.


asyik

From Malay asik, asyik, from Classical Malay اسيق (asik), عاشيق (asyik), from Arabic عَاشِق (ʕāšiq, “admirer, lover”).


asyik

asyik! kita berhasil!


asyik

(Islam) the person who sets his reflection and spiritual view on Allah SWT. because it is driven by love for Him and no longer afraid of death.


onar

Inherited from Malay onar, from Classical Malay onar, honar.


briptu

(law enforcement) acronym of brigadir polisi satu (“first police brigadier”) (Indonesia).


mahkamah

From Malay mahkamah, from Classical Malay mahkamah, from Arabic مَحْكَمَة (maḥkama, “court”).

the persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases.

the hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.


kronis

From Dutch chronisch, from Latin chronicus, from Ancient Greek χρονικός (khronikós, “of time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).

of a problem, that continues over an extended period of time.

chronic:
(medicine) prolonged or slow to heal.

(colloquial) helpless, uncontrollable, from which there is no possibility of being saved.


akhir

From Malay akhir, from Classical Malay اخير (akhir, “last”), from Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir, “last; end”).


hadiah

From Malay hadiah, from Arabic هَدِيَّة (hadiyya, “gift”).


khawatir

From Malay kawatir, khawatir, khuatir, kuatir, from Classical Malay خواطر (kawatir), خواطر (khawatir), خواطر (khuatir), from Arabic خَوَاطِر (ḵawāṭir, “thoughts”).


junjung

head

junjung (active menjunjung, passive dijunjung)

Inherited from Malay junjung, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuŋzuŋ.

[ˈd͡ʒun.d͡ʒʊŋ]

(transitive) to carry on the head; to uphold

(transitive, figurative) to honour (to show respect for; to recognise the importance or spiritual value of)


junjung

[ˈd͡ʒun.d͡ʒʊŋ]

stick (pole, etc.) on which plants grow or twine


keajaiban

wonder, magic, astonishment, wonderment.


sempurna

sêmpurna (canonical)
sempurna (root)
menyempurna (active)
sempurnalah (active)
menyempurnai (active locative)
tersempurnai (involuntary locative)
disempurnai (involuntary locative passive)
sempurnai (locative)
sempurnailah (locative)
menyempurnakan (active applicative causative)
tersempurnakan (applicative causative)
disempurnakan (applicative causative passive)
sempurnakan (applicative causative)
sempurnakanlah (applicative causative)
mempersempurna (active causative)
dipersempurna (active causative involuntary passive)
persempurnalah (active causative)
mempersempurnai (active causative locative)
dipersempurnai (causative involuntary locative passive)
mempersempurnakan (active applicative causative)
dipersempurnakan (applicative causative passive)
persempurnakan (applicative causative)
persempurnakanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay sempurna, from Sanskrit सम्पूर्ण (sampūrṇa, “complete, entire, whole”).


kesempurnaan

sebuah kesempurnaan yang terdapat di alam semesta

a perfection that is found in the universe

dia telah mencapai kesempurnaan akalnya

he has reached his perfection of mind (maturity)


menyempurnakan

dia sedang menyempurnakan ciptaannya


penyempurnaan

penyempurnaan bangunan yang tak kunjung henti

completion of building that never reaches an end

process of making perfect, complete; perfecting, completing, completion, improvement


penyempurna

Al-Quran adalah penyempurna Kitab-Kitab

Quran is a perfector of The Books (Book that completes all The Books)

one that perfects or completes something, perfector


disempurnakan

Affixed sempurna + di- -kan, from Malay disempurnakan.

telah disempurnakan akhlaknya


tampak

From Malay tampak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapak (doublet of tapak).


sedalam-dalamnya

tarik nafas sedalam-dalamnya


dalam-dalam

To a deep extent or degree; very greatly.

So as to extend far down or far into something.

deeply
In a profound, not superficial, manner.


mangkok

→ Min Nan: 漫鍋／漫锅 (bān-ko)

Pasti kalian sudah nggak asing lagi dengan lukisan ayam jago yang ada di mangkok mie ayam atau bakso kan? Nah, beberapa waktu belakangan ini, lukisan tersebut justru bisa dilihat di apparel, seperti kaos, topi, bahkan tas.

2017 September 8, Adib Auliawan, “Dipakai Tanpa Ijin, Pemilik Lukisan Ayam Jago Mangkok Mie Ayam Geram [Used Without Permission, Owner of Rooster Painting for Chicken Noodle Bowl Furious]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-11-04:

Surely all of you are not unfamiliar anymore with the rooster paintings that are on bowls of chicken noodle soup or bakso (meatballs) right? Well, in recent times, the painting can actually be seen on apparels such as shirts, hats and even bags.

Di dalam bokor, ada lima mangkok keramik putih dan biru, diameter 12 cm. Empat mangkok dalam kondisi utuh dan satu lagi pecah.

2017 December 19, Diaz Azminatul Abidin, “Temuan Benda Kuno Disimpan di Rumah Eko [Discovery of Ancient Objects Stored at Eko Warno's House]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-11-04:

Inside the bokor (wide-sided bowl made of metal), there were five bowls made of white and blue ceramic, that are 12 cm in diameter. Four bowls were in intact condition and one more was broken.

Alternative spelling of mangkuk (“bowl”)


mangkok

Polyscias scutellaria (decorative plant with edible leaves)


palang

Reconstructed as peng- + alang, halang (“to obstruct”), from Malay palang, from Old Javanese palaṅ (“crossbeam”), pa- + alaṅ, halaṅ (“obstruct”) (compare Javanese ꦥꦭꦁ (palang, “obstacle, thwart”)). Doublet of pengalang and penghalang.


tabal

Inherited from Malay tabal (“drum; great ceremonial gathering”), from Arabic طَبْل (ṭabl, “drumming, drumbeat; drum”), from Middle Iranian *tabir, tabil (“drum”).


berbau

From Malay berbau,
from Classical Malay berbau. Equivalent to ber- + bau.

Ruangan ini berbau mawar.


membaui

From bau + meng- -i. Attested before 1948.


terbau

From Malay terbau. Equivalent to
ter- + bau.

akhirnya kejahatan itu terbau juga


mencium

From Malay mencium, from Classical Malay mencium. Equivalent to
meng- + cium.


dahak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahak. Cognate of Tagalog dahak.


kisah

From Malay kisah, from Classical Malay kissah, from Old Malay [Term?], from Arabic قِصَّة (qiṣṣa), possibly via Persian قصه (qesse).


riwayat

From Malay riwayat, from Classical Malay riwayat, from Arabic رِوَايَة (riwāya, “novel, story”).

riwayat penyakit sekarang

(medicine) history: a list of past and continuing medical conditions of an individual or family.


majemuk

head

majemuk (comparative lebih majemuk, superlative paling majemuk)

lebih majemuk (comparative)
paling majemuk (superlative)

[mad͡ʒəˈmʊʔ]

Inherited from Malay majmuk, from Arabic مَجْمُوع (majmūʕ, “collected, gathered”).

der

compound: composed of elements; not simple.


mengabadi

to be immortal, to be eternal, to live forever


mengabadikan

para wartawan foto dan televisi mengabadikan upacara pembukaan PON

The photojournalists and television journalists are documenting (taking a picture and recording a video) the opening ceremony of the PON

to document (especially by taking a picture or record a video)


ketidakabadian-ketidakabadian

tidak abadi + ke- -an + tidak abadi + ke- -an


gandu

(dialectal) classifier word for cylindrical objects


kompiler

From Dutch compiler, from Old French compileur, from Latin compīlātōrem, accusative singular of compīlātor, from compīlō + -tor.

(software compilation) A computer program which transforms source code into object code.


insaf

From Malay insaf,
from Classical Malay insaf, from Arabic إِنْصَاف (ʔinṣāf).

der

Arabic إِنْصَاف (ʔinṣāf)

Mereka tidak insaf akan perubahan zaman

Ia kini telah insaf dan menjauhkan diri dari segala perbuatan tercela.

He has come to his senses and has distanced himself from any shameful acts.

come to one's senses
come to one's senses#English


ilahi

Ultimately from Arabic إِلٰهِي (ʔilāhī).


tapak

sole: the bottom or plantar surface of the foot.

palm: the inner and somewhat concave part of the human hand that extends from the wrist to the bases of the fingers.


laring

From Dutch larynx, from Modern Latin larynx, from Ancient Greek λάρυγξ (lárunx, “larynx; windpipe; gullet, throat”).


kelenjar

(zoology) a specialized cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin in the human or animal body that synthesizes a chemical substance, such as hormones or breast milk, and releases it, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland)

(anatomy) a structure resembling a gland, especially a lymph node

(botany) a secretory structure on the surface of an organ


galau

uncertain, confused, mixed-up (of feeling or mind)


saing

(intransitive, always with "ber-") to compete

to be in battle or in a rivalry with another for the same thing, position, or reward; to contend

to take part in a contest, game or similar event


konveks

From Dutch convex, from French convexe, from Latin convexus.


aib

From Malay aib,
from Classical Malay عاءيب (aib), from Arabic عَيْب (ʕayb, “disgrace, shame”).


bahagia

From Malay bahagia, from Sanskrit भाग्य (bhāgya). Doublet of bejo.

saat dia datang, seketika aku merasa bahagia

when he arrives, I feel happy immediately


mahar

From Arabic مَهْر (mahr, “marriage portion”), from Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mithra), from Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō, “covenant, contract, oath”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitra (“covenant, treaty, agreement, promise”). Doublet of mitra and mohor.

dowry, marriage settlement, marriage portion


bersuami

From Malay bersuami, from Classical Malay bersuami. Equivalent to ber- + suami (“husband”).


mempersuamikan

Akhirnya, dia mempersuamikan anak dari direktur itu

Finally, she/he makes the director's son to be her husband

to make someone become someone's husband


nge-

hapus (“to delete”) > ngehapus

aduk (“to mix”) > ngaduk

cobain (“to try”) > nyobain

peres (“to squeeze”) > meres

tulis (“to write”) > nulis

(colloquial, chiefly Java) Used to mark active subject on a verb. Usually not used in a direct imperative sentence.


anom

Inherited from Malay anom, from Javanese ꦲꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (anom), from Old Javanese anom, anwam.

(dialectal, uncommon) Synonym of muda (“young”)


tadi

Tadi ia duduk di sini.

Sejak tadi ia sudah kuperingatkan; dari tadi ia belum duduk

I've reminded him since a moment ago; he has not sat down yet

Malam tadi; pagi tadi; siang tadi

This evening; this morning; this afternoon

this (the time that is close with now, and not in the future):


balig

From Malay baligh, balig, from Classical Malay بالغ (baligh), بالغ (balig), from Arabic بَالِغ (bāliḡ).


nahu

From Malay nahu, from Arabic نَحْو (naḥw).


gadang

From Minangkabau gadang. Doublet of gede.


tilang

Blend of bukti (“evidence”) + pelanggaran (“violation”).

blend

(law) citation, traffic violation ticket, or notice to appear.


selter

sèltêr (canonical)
selter-selter (plural)

From English shelter, from Middle English sheltron, sheldtrume (“roof or wall formed by locked shields”), from Old English sċildtruma, sċyldtruma (“a phalanx, company (of troops), a tortoise, a covering, shed, shelter”, literally “shield-troop”), from sċyld, sċield (“shield”) + truma (“a troop of soldiers”).


tatal

From Malay tatal, from Classical Malay تاتل (tatal), from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tatal.
Or alternatively from Tamil தடல் (taṭal, “flake, peel, splinter”).

der

wood chips that are laid (crushed); thin trash.


hanacaraka

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦤꦕꦫꦏ (hanacaraka).

the traditional arrangement of the letters of the Javanese and Balinese scripts.


yakiniku

From Japanese 焼肉(やきにく) (yakiniku, literally “grilled meat”).

ja-r

(cooking) yakiniku: a style of cooking bite-size meat (usually beef and offal) and vegetables on gridirons or griddles over a flame of wood charcoals carbonized by dry distillation (sumibi, 炭火) or a gas/electric grill.


langkah

From Malay langkah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋkaq (compare Niuean laka, Samoan laʻa).

pace: an advance or movement made from one foot to the other.

the space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running.

a distinct part of a process; stage; phase.

motor dua langkah


menang

From Malay menang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?]. Doublet of wewenang.


berbuah

fruited (containing fruit; bearing fruit)


berbuah

(transitive) to fruit (to produce fruit)


jentik

[d͡ʒənˈtɪk̚]


jentik

jêntik (canonical)
jentik-jentik (plural)

[d͡ʒənˈtɪk̚]


jentik

[d͡ʒənˈtɪk̚]


jentik

[d͡ʒənˈtɪk̚]


panjang tangan

Inherited from Malay panjang tangan (“hands are long”).


head

From Malay di mana bumi dipijak, di situ langit dijunjung. Literally "where the feet touch the ground, there the sky held up".

inh

when in Rome, do as the Romans do
when in Rome, do as the Romans do

di mana bumi dipijak, di sana langit dijunjung

di mana bumi diinjak, di sana langit dijunjung

di mana bumi diinjak, di situ langit dijunjung

di mana tanah diinjak, di sana langit dijunjung

di mana tanah diinjak, di situ langit dijunjung

di mana tanah dipijak, di situ langit dijunjung


tutup mulut

Compound of tutup (“to close; to cover”) + mulut (“mouth”).


tutup

tutup (root)
menutup (active)
tertutup (active involuntary)
ditutup (active involuntary passive)
tutup (active)
tutuplah (active)
menutupkan (active applicative causative)
tertutupkan (applicative causative)
ditutupkan (applicative causative passive)
tutupkan (applicative causative)
tutupkanlah (applicative causative)
mempertutupkan (active applicative causative)
terpertutupkan (applicative causative)
dipertutupkan (applicative causative passive)
pertutupkan (applicative causative)
pertutupkanlah (applicative causative)

Inherited from Malay tutup, from Proto-Malayic *tutup, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutup.
Cognates
Cognate with Javanese tutup, Minangkabau tutuik, Tagalog tutop.

to move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed

to cover (to place something over or upon, as to) conceal or protect


tutup

closed (not operating or conducting trade)


tutup

cover (the front and back of a book, magazine, CD package, etc.)


bertambah

Affixed ber- + tambah, from Malay bertambah.


kutu buku

From kutu (“louse”) + buku (“book”), probably calque from Chinese 書蟲／书虫 (shūchóng, “bookworm”, literally “book + insect/bug”).


bunga matahari

Compound of bunga (“flower”) + matahari (“sun”), inherited from Malay bunga matahari.


eau de cologne

Unadapted borrowing from French eau de Cologne.

ubor

cologne (a type of perfume consisting of 2-5% essential oils, 70-90% alcohol and water)


bubur

From Malay bubur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀbuʀ.

(cooking, literally) congee; gruel; porridge


aberan

Borrowed from Dutch aberrant (“aberrant”), from Latin aberrāns.


simpulan

Affixed simpul (“knot”) + -an.
* Inherited from Malay simpulan (“knot”).
* Sense of conclusion, semantic loan from Chinese 結論／结论 (“conclusion”, literally “knot, to bear + measure, to bind”).

zh-l

(Standard Malay)


jaya

From Malay jaya,
from Classical Malay jaya, from Sanskrit जय (jaya, “victory”).


RPL

(education) Initialism of rekognisi pembelajaran lampau (“recognition of prior learning”).

rekayasa perangkat lunak
rekayasa perangkat lunak#Indonesian

(computing, engineering) Initialism of rekayasa perangkat lunak (“software engineering”).


pasang

(obsolete except in some compounds) to rise


pasang

head

pasang (active memasang, passive dipasang)


pemimpin

From Malay pemimpin, from Classical Malay pemimpin. Equivalent to peng- + pimpin.


kambing hitam

id-noun

kambing hitam (plural kambing-kambing hitam)

Compound of kambing (“goat”) + hitam (“black”), Literally "black goat".


balok

From Javanese ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok), from Dutch balk. Doublet of balak.

block: a substantial, often approximately cuboid, piece of any substance.

(forestry) log: the trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches; any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc.

(geometry) cuboid: a parallelepiped having six rectangular faces.

board:
(sports) takeoff board of long jump.

(civil engineering) any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.

(sports) balance beam: a gymnastics apparatus, a narrow wooden rail used in artistic (athletic) gymnastics.

(military, colloquial) epaulet, epaulette, shoulder board: an ornamentation, worn on the shoulders of a military uniform, as a sign of rank.

the unit of measurement for opium weight of 1,030 kg


sipahi

From Hindustani (Urdu سپاہی (sipāhī) or Hindi सिपाही (sipāhī)), from Classical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī, “soldier, horseman”), from سِپَاه (“army”), from Middle Persian spʾh or 𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧 (spāh), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *ćwáHdaH.

der

sepoy, a native soldier of the East Indies (Indian subcontinent).


manunggal

Reconstructed as meng- + tunggal, from Javanese ꦩꦤꦸꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ꧀ (manunggal, “joined, united”), from Old Javanese matuṅgal, atuṅgal (“being one, united”).


maksud

Inherited from Malay maksud, from Arabic مَقْصُود (maqṣūd, “aim, intention, purpose”). The sense in law was coined by Indonesian lecturer P.A.F Lamintang to translate Dutch voornemen.


fahami

head

fahami (active memahami or memfahami, passive difahami, perfective passive terfahami)

memahami (active)
memfahami (active)
difahami (passive)
terfahami (passive perfective)


siomai

shumai, a traditional steamed Chinese dumpling.


abad keemasan

abad keemasan (plural abad-abad keemasan)

From abad (“century, age”) + keemasan (“golden”). Calque of Dutch gouden eeuw.


abnus

From Malay abnus, from Classical Malay ابنوس (abnus), from Arabic أَبْنُوس (ʔabnūs, “ebony”).


adib

to be cultured, to be polite, to be well-bred


adib

author, writer, litterateur, man of letters


afdal

From Malay afdal, afdhal, from Classical Malay افضل (afdal), افضل (afdhal), افذل (afdzal), from Arabic أَفْضَل (ʔafḍal, “better, best”). Cognate with Bengali আফজল (afzôl).

kurang afdal rasanya jika makan bakso tanpa sambal
it feels less complete to eat bakso (Indonesian meatballs) without sambal


dubes

(government, politics) acronym of duta besar (“ambassador”).


responsif

From Dutch responsief, from French responsif, from Middle French responsif, from Late Latin responsivus. Equivalent to respons + -if.

responsive (able to receive and respond to external stimuli)

responsive (susceptible to the feelings of others)


sedekah

From Malay sedekah,
from Classical Malay sedekah, from Arabic صَدَقَة (ṣadaqa, “alms, charity”).

der

slametan: a (Javanese) communal feast, held to celebrate numerous types of event.


infak

From Malay infak,
from Arabic إِنْفَاق (ʔinfāq, “outlay, expense, expenditure”).


abstrak

From Dutch abstract, from Middle French abstract, from Latin abstractus.

abstract: conceptual, ideal, not concrete.


mujarad

(formal or Islam) intangible, incorporeal, abstract; pertaining to hypostatized or reified non-physical concepts.

(formal) discrete; independent, unrelated or detached to each other.


niskala

Affixed nis- + kala, inherited from Malay niskala, from Sanskrit निष्कल (niṣkala), from निस् (nis) + कल (kala).

incorporeal, intangible; something that is immaterial


nyata

From Malay nyata, from Sanskrit नियत (niyata).

bukti-bukti yang nyata

kehidupan nyata itu lebih pahit daripada mimpi-mimpimu

real life is more bitter than your dreams


kenyataan

kenyataan-kenyataan yang tak mungkin terhindar

realities that are impossible to be avoided


pernyataan

Affixed nyata + per- -an. Attested before 1939.

pernyataan pemerintah


antar-

From Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within, between, amongst”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Doublet of inter-.

antarbenua

antarkota

antarbangsa


pahlawan

From Malay pahlawan,
from Classical Malay pahlawan, from Persian پهلوان (pahlavân, “hero, paladin”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /Parθavaʰ/, “Parthia”).

hero, patriot, a strong and brave warrior


kismis

From Malay kismis (“raisin”), from Classical Persian کشمش (kišmiš, “raisin”).


mabes

Acronym of markas besar (“headquarters”): HQ


heksa-

From Latin hexa-, from Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-), from ἕξ (héx, “six”).


coba

From Malay cuba, coba, from Classical Malay چوبا (cuba), چوبا (coba), ultimately from Sanskrit [Term?].

mencobai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

percobaan [causative passive + repetition

dicobai [patient focus + causative benefactive]


lompat

head

lompat (active melompat, momentane terlompat, transitive locative lompati)

melompat (active)
lompati (locative transitive)
lompat (root)
melompat (active)
terlompat (active involuntary)
dilompat (active involuntary passive)
lompat (active)
lompatlah (active)
melompati (active locative)
terlompati (involuntary locative)
dilompati (involuntary locative passive)
lompati (locative)
lompatilah (locative)
melompatkan (active applicative causative)
terlompatkan (applicative causative)
dilompatkan (applicative causative passive)
lompatkan (applicative causative)
lompatkanlah (applicative causative)
memperlompat (active causative)
terperlompat (active causative involuntary)
diperlompat (active causative involuntary passive)
perlompat (active causative)
perlompatlah (active causative)
memperlompati (active causative locative)
terperlompati (causative involuntary locative)
diperlompati (causative involuntary locative passive)
perlompati (causative locative)
perlompatilah (causative locative)
memperlompatkan (active applicative causative)
terperlompatkan (applicative causative)
diperlompatkan (applicative causative passive)
perlompatkan (applicative causative)
perlompatkanlah (applicative causative)

Inherited from Malay lompat, from Proto-Malayic *lumpat, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumpat. Doublet of alumpa.

Anakku suka melompat di kasur.

to propel oneself rapidly upward, downward and/or in any horizontal direction such that momentum causes the body to become airborne

to cause oneself to leave an elevated location and fall downward

to employ a parachute to leave an aircraft or elevated location

to react to a sudden, often unexpected, stimulus (such as a sharp prick or a loud sound) by jerking the body violently

(figuratively) to increase sharply, to rise, to shoot up

(intransitive) to jump off (to move from an elevated place by one jump)


ladang

field
An unirrigated land used to grow crops;

(geology) A region containing a particular mineral.


talkin

(Islam) talqin, the shahada that is whispered to someone that about to die or recited for the recently buried


menalkinkan

(Islam) to whisper or recite shahada to someone that about to die or recently buried


khayal

From Malay khayal,
from Classical Malay khayal, from Arabic خَيَال (ḵayāl, “imagination; fiction”).

chajal

van Ophuijsen (1901–1947); Republik/Soewandi (1947–1972)


wajik

From Malay wajik, from Classical Malay wajik.

wajik: Indonesian and Malaysian diamond-shaped traditional snack.

(expansion, card games) diamond: a card of the diamonds suit.


beraja

Untuk sementara, kerajaan itu tidak beraja.


meraja

to act like a king, to consider oneself as a king


merajai

(literally, transitive) to become a king of

Para pedagang buah merajai pasar.

The fruit merchants dominate the market.

(figurative, transitive) to influence, to affect


merajakan

From Malay merajakan,
from Classical Malay merajakan. Equivalent to
raja + meng- -kan.

(transitive) to king, to make (someone) a king, to treat like a king


berlainan

Affixed lain + ber- -an, inherited from Malay berlainan

Dia memiliki pendapat yang berlainan denganku.

(transitive) to have different (something), to be different one another about


kelainan

Affixed lain + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kelainan.

Kelainan bawaan.


melainkan

Inherited from Malay melainkan. Equivalent to lain + meng- -kan.


melainkan

Tampaknya Shalahuddin mengetahui bahwa kelompok Assassin tidak bertindak sendiri, melainkan atas permintaan lawan-lawan Shalahuddin di Aleppo dan Mosul.

2014, Alwi Alatas, Shalahuddin Al-Ayyubi dan Perang Salib III [Saladin and The Third Crusade], Zikrul Hakim, page 230:

Apparently Saladin knew that the Assassins didn't act alone [as their own will], but rather upon Saladin's competitors' request at Aleppo and Mosul.


berkelainan

(stative) to have abnormality, to have disorder, to be disabled


berwarna

From Malay berwarna, from Classical Malay berwarna. Equivalent to ber- + warna.

Mobil ini berwarna merah.

This car is red. (literally, “this car has a red color”)

Gambar tak berwarna.

Colorless drawing. (literally, “Drawing [that] has no color”)


mewarnai

Mewarnai jiwa-jiwa muda.


pewarna

pêwarna (canonical)
pewarna-pewarna (plural)

Pewarna alami.

stain (a reagent or dye used to stain microscope specimens so as to make some structures visible)


menikah

Dia sudah menikah.


menikahi

From Malay menikahi, from Classical Malay menikahi. Equivalent to
nikah + meng- -i.

Dalam hukum Islam, jika seseorang ingin berhubungan seksual, dia harus menikahi wanita tersebut terlebih dahulu.

In Islamic law, if one is willing to have sexual intercourse, one must first marry the woman in question.


menikahkan

From Malay menikahkan, from Classical Malay menikahkan. Equivalent to nikah + meng- -kan.

Sang ayah akan menikahkan putrinya dengan putra temannya jika sang putri setuju.

The father is going to marry his daughter with his friend's son if the daughter agree.

to couple, to wed, To arrange for the marriage of

to plan or arrange a marriage ceremony for


gizi

From Arabic غِذَاء (ḡiḏāʔ, “nourishment, sustenance, aliment, nutrition, food”).
Coined by Indonesian nutritionist Poorwo Soedarmo 1950s.

coinage

bergizi

to contain nutrition, to have nutrition, to be nutritious


bergizi

Makanlah makanan-makanan yang bergizi untuk menunjang pertumbuhan dan kesehatan.

Eat foods that contain nutrition to support growth and health.

to contain nutrition, to have nutrition, to be nutritious


bernapas

From Malay bernapas. Equivalent to
ber- + napas.


hamil

from Malay hamil, from Arabic حَامِل (ḥāmil)

pregnant (carrying developing offspring within the body)


penghamilan

id-noun

pênghamilan (countable and uncountable, plural penghamilan-penghamilan)

pênghamilan (canonical)
penghamilan-penghamilan (plural)

impregnation (the act of making pregnant; fertilization)


hasil

From Malay hasil, from Arabic حَاصِل (ḥāṣil, “end, conclusion; score, sum, total”).

der

result (fruit, beneficial or tangible effect)

output (production; quantity produced, created, or completed)

income, earnings (money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others)


hasil

(obsolete) Synonym of berhasil (“having a result, successful”)


berhasil

Inherited from Malay berhasil. Equivalent to ber- + hasil.


biasanya

Biasanya saya bangun pagi. tapi berhubung saya sakit, saya bangun siang hari ini.

Normally i wake up early. But since I'm sick, I woke up in the afternoon today.


kebiasaan

Kebiasaan buruk.


kekalahan

defeat (the act or instance of being defeated, of being overcome or vanquished; a loss)


umpama

Inherited from Malay umpama, from Pali upamā (“simile, parable, comparison”), from Sanskrit उपमा (upamā).


berumpama

Dia terlalu banyak berumpama dalam mengajar.

to use instance, example (in one's speeches, etc.)


mengumpamakan

umpama (instance, example) + meng- -kan.


fikiri

head

fikiri (active memikiri or memfikiri, passive difikiri)

memikiri (active)
memfikiri (active)
difikiri (passive)


otonom

From Dutch autonoom, from Ancient Greek αὐτόνομος (autónomos).


manfaat

From Malay manfaat,
from Classical Malay manfaat, from Arabic مَنْفَعَة (manfaʕa, “usefulness; advantage”).


bermanfaat

From Malay bermanfaat,
from Classical Malay bermanfaat. Equivalent to
ber- + manfaat.


pemanfaatan

pêmanfaatan (canonical)
pemanfaatan-pemanfaatan (plural)

utilisation (act or process of making useful)


nawaitu

From Arabic نَوَيْتُ (nawaytu, “I intend to”), first-person singular past active of نَوَى (nawā, “to intend”).


bedebah

From Malay bedebah, from Persian بدبخت (badbaxt).

(offensive, vulgar) fuck it! (expression of anger, contempt, etc.)


yakni

From Malay yaini, yakni, ya`ani, from Classical Malay ينا (iáni), يني (iany), ياءني (ya`ni), يعني (yakni), from Arabic يَعْنِي (yaʕnī).


memungkinkan

From
mungkin (possibly, perhaps) + meng- -kan.

af

to allow, to enable to, to give chance to


kemungkinan

the probability of a specified outcome; the chance of something happening; probability; the state or degree of being probable.

(statistics) the probability that some fixed outcome was generated by a random distribution with a specific parameter.

(mathematics) odds: the ratio of the probability of an event happening to that of it not happening.


ketat

Pakaian yang ketat.

tight (firmly held together; compact; not loose or open)

Penjagaan ketat oleh sipir dilakukan kepada para narapidana.

Strict guarding by the warden is done to the inmates.

strict (governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; severe; rigorous)


mengetatkan

Form ketat (strict; tight) + meng- -kan.


murka

Inherited from Malay murka (“to be very angry”), from Sanskrit मूर्ख (mūrkha, “stupid, foolish, blockhead”).

der

(intransitive) to be wrathful, to be very angry


memurkai

From Malay memurkai, from Classical Malay memurkai. Equivalent to murka + meng- -i.


bahwa

From Malay bahwa, a variant of bahawa, from Sanskrit भाव (bhāva, “really, truly”).

Saya percaya bahwa itu benar.


kempa

From Sanskrit कम्प (kampa, “tremor, shaking, quake”). Doublet of gempa.


khianat

From Malay khianat, from Classical Malay خيانة (khianat), from Arabic خِيَانَة (ḵiyāna).


berkhianat

(intransitive) to commit betrayal, to be treacherous


tunggak

stump, treestump (the remains of a tree that has been cut of)


tunggak

head

tunggak (active menunggak, passive ditunggak)

to let a tall object that is stuck in ground and make it as a marker of something

to mark (something) with a pole, to put a pole (on)

(figurative) to ignore, let go (of debt, fee, payment, work)


vikariat

(Catholicism) vicariate, the office or authority of a vicar.


SHM

sertifikat hak milik
sertifikat hak milik#Indonesian

(government) Initialism of sertifikat hak milik.


sadu

From Malay sadu, from Pali sādhu (“well”), from Sanskrit साधु (sādhu, “well, proper”).
* Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sādhu (“sadhu: holy man, saint, sage, seer”).


sadu

(Hinduism) sadhu: a holy man, saint, sage, seer.


ahkam

From Malay ahkam, from Classical Malay هكم (ahkam), from Arabic أَحْكَام (ʔaḥkām), plural of حُكْم (ḥukm).

der

Arabic أَحْكَام (ʔaḥkām)


anggara

From Malay anggara, from Classical Malay اڠڬرا (anggara), from Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra, “Mangala, god of war”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥. Doublet of Agni.


anggara

From Toba Batak [Term?], from Sanskrit अङ्गार (aṅgāra, “Mangala, god of war”), see previous etymology.

The third day of the month in the Batak Toba calendar.


adicita

From adi- (“excellent, exquisite, fine, eminent”) + cita (“aspiration, idea”).


aftab

From Malay aftab, from Classical Persian آفتاب (āftāb), from
Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾptʾb /āftāb/, “sunshine”), from Proto-Iranian *abi-tāpáh.


ambuh

(dialect) waste or pile of sand and stones in the gold extraction.


laskar

* From Malay lasykar, from Classical Malay lasykar,
** Rebracketing of Arabic العسكر (al-ʕaskar), or
** from Classical Persian لشکر (laškar). Doublet of askar.


blusukan

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧ꧀ꦭꦸꦱꦸꦏꦤ꧀ (blusukan, “to wander”), equivalent to blusuk + -an.

bor+

To go somewhere to know something, usually impromptu; impromptu visit.


lontong

a kind of rice cake, wrapped inside a banana leaf, then boiled until cooked, served as staple food


lontong

a type of belt in Javanese traditional clothing


mengalir

Inherited from Malay mengalir. Equivalent to meng- + alir.

(figurative, uncommon) to migrate en masse


terkait

Affixed ter- + kait, from Malay terkait, from Classical Malay terkait (“to be hooked accidentally”).

inh

to be hooked accidentally, to be hooked already

to be related, to be relatable (dengan (“with”))


aksa

From Malay aksa,
from Classical Malay اكسا (aksa), from Arabic أَقْصَى (ʔaqṣā, “farthest”).


pasukan

Affixed pasuk + -an, from Malay pasukan, from Classical Malay pasukan.


ogah

(chiefly Jakarta, informal) no! (rejecting something)


mukim

From Malay mukim, from Arabic مُقِيم (muqīm).

permanent resident
permanent resident in Mecca.

area, administrative subdivision
area served by a mosque.

an administrative subdivision in Aceh, the subdivision of kecamatan, which is divided into gampong (kelurahan).

(dialect) area with several kampung of Gayonese people.


campur

head

campur (active mencampur, passive dicampur, perfective passive tercampur)

mencampur (active)
dicampur (passive)
tercampur (passive perfective)

desc

→ Okinawan: ちゃんぷるー (chanpurū, “stir-fried dish”)

→ Japanese: チャンプルー (chanpurū)

→ English: chanpuru

to combine (items from two or more sources normally kept separate)


getar

Inherited from Malay getar, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *gt₁ar (“to shiver”).


tulung

Alternative spelling of tolong (“to help”)


sabung

From Malay sabung,
from Classical Malay sabung, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabuŋ.


terung

Inherited from Malay terung (compare to Javanese ꦠꦺꦫꦺꦴꦁ (térong)), ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁rɗuŋ, *d₁rɗuəŋ (“egg-plant, bottle-gourd”).

der

(formal or dialectal) Alternative form of terong (“eggplant, aubergine”)


sekar

From Javanese ꦱꦼꦏꦂ (sekar, “flower”), from Old Javanese sĕkar (“flower, blooming”). Cognate of Indonesian mekar (“blooming”).


merasa

From Malay merasa,
from Classical Malay merasa.
Equivalent to meng- + rasa (“feeling”)

Dia merasa berani hari ini.

Nelayan merasa di laut seperti di rumah sendiri.

When at sea, fishermen feel as if in their own home.


avokad

Borrowed from Dutch avocado, from American Spanish avocado, altered —by folk-etymological association with abogado (“lawyer”)— from the earlier aguacate, which comes from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl (“avocado”).


bangkrut

Borrowed from Dutch bankroet, from Middle French banqueroute, from Italian bancarotta.

bankrupt (having been legally declared insolvent)


kulit pisang

id-noun

kulit pisang (plural kulit-kulit pisang)


kulit kacang

kulit kacang (plural kulit-kulit kacang)


kulit kerang

kulit kerang (plural kulit-kulit kerang)


Respati

Borrowed from Javanese ꦉꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ (Respati), from Old Javanese wṛhaspati (“Bṛhaspati; Jupiter; Thursday”), from Sanskrit बृहस्पति (bṛhaspati).


Dwi

From Javanese Dwi, ultimately from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi).


Ica

a diminutive of the female given name Annisa, Risa, Riska and of similar-sounding names


Widya

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦶꦢꦾ (widya), from Old Javanese widyā, from Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, wisdom”).


Andini

From Javanese Andini, from Old Javanese andini (“obedient, submissive”).


Anindya

From Javanese Anindya, from Old Javanese Anindya (“perfect, not guilty”).


Arga

From Javanese ꦄꦂꦒ (Arga), from Old Javanese arga (“high mountain”).


anak piatu

maternal orphan: a person, especially a minor, whose mother have died.


anak yatim piatu

id-noun

anak yatim piatu (plural anak-anak yatim piatu)

double orphan: a person, especially a minor, whose both of parents have died; orphan.


gunakan

head

gunakan (active menggunakan, passive digunakan)

menggunakan (active)
digunakan (passive)


alamat

Inherited from Malay alamat,
from Classical Malay علامت (alamat, “sign”), from Arabic عَلَامَة (ʕalāma).


sumbang

Only used in menyumbangkan and other derivations.


pinjam terjemah

id-noun

pinjam terjemah (plural pinjam-pinjam terjemah)

Compound of pinjam (“borrow”) + terjemah (“translate”), calque of Dutch leenvertaling.

com

Kata "sepeda motor" adalah kata pinjam terjemah dari bahasa Belanda "motorfiets".

The word "sepeda motor" is a calque of the Dutch "motorfiets".

(linguistics) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.


dokter hewan

Calque of Dutch dierenarts (“veterinarian”), from dokter (“physician”) + hewan (“animal”).


kuda nil

Compound of kuda (“horse”) + nil (“Nile river”), calque of Dutch nijlpaard.

Kuda nil agak berisik dan senantiasa memperdengarkan suara menggeram yang terutama menyebar jauh di atas air.

1988, Ensiklopedi Indonesia. Seri fauna: Serangga, page 421:

The hippopotamus is somewhat loud and always hears sounds growling from far on the water.


uang saku

Carried money for necessities at any time; pocket money.


ulangan

From Malay ulangan. Equivalent to ulang + -an. Examination sense is a semantic loan from Dutch repetitie.

(in primary and secondary education only) an examination, during the academic term.

(statistics) replication: the repetition of a test or complete experiment


jam malam

Compound of jam (“clock”) + malam (“evening, night”), calque of Dutch avondklok (“curfew; evening bell”, literally “evening bell/clock”).


busung lapar

Compound of busung (“inflated”) + lapar (“hungry”), calque of Dutch hongeroedeem.

(pathology) kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition, found in children, caused by dietary insufficiency of protein in combination with a high carbohydrate diet.


bilangan kuantum

id-noun

bilangan kuantum (plural bilangan-bilangan kuantum)


hukum Newton pertama

Newton's first law
Newton's first law#English

(classical mechanics) Newton's first law.


hukum Newton kedua

Newton's second law
Newton's second law#English

(classical mechanics) Newton's second law.


hukum Newton ketiga

Newton's third law
Newton's third law#English

(classical mechanics) Newton's third law.


jarak pumpun

jarak pumpun (plural jarak-jarak pumpun)

Compound of jarak (“distance”) + pumpun (“focus”), literally “focal distance”, calque of English focal length.

compound

(optics) synonym of jarak fokus (“focal length”)


mekanika kuantum

id-noun

mèkanika kuantum (plural mekanika-mekanika kuantum)

mèkanika kuantum (canonical)
mekanika-mekanika kuantum (plural)

Compound of mèkanika + kuantum, from English quantum mechanics.

quantum mechanics
quantum mechanics#English


orbital molekul

orbital molekul (plural orbital-orbital molekul)

molecular orbital
molecular orbital#English

(quantum mechanics, chemistry) molecular orbital.


adiabatik

(physics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, chemistry) adiabatic.


himpunan

Affixed himpun + -an.
* Sense in set theory is semantic loan from Dutch verzameling (“set”, literally “collection”).

sl

himpunan transformasi bujur-sangkar Latin

(anthropology) a collection of things which have been gathered together or assembled.

(archaeology) a group of different artifacts found in association with one another.

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics, set theory) set: a collection of zero or more objects, possibly infinite in size, and disregarding any order or repetition of the objects which may be contained within it.


tindas

From Malay tindas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tindes, from Proto-Austronesian *tindes (“crush lice with the fingernail”).

inh

imperative of menindas (“to crush, to oppress”)


gabungan

Affixed gabung + -an, inherited from Malay gabungan.

combined, joint, consolidated, collective, composite.

alliance, federation, consolidation, merger, fusion, community.

That which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a consolidated body; a league.

(Standard Malay)

(set theory) The set containing all of the elements of two or more sets.


akar kuadrat

Compound of akar (“root”) + kuadrat (“square”), calque of Dutch kwadraatwortel (“square root”).


singkapan

* From singkap + -an.
* The sense “outcrop” is a semantic loan from English outcrop.


daerah imbuhan

id-noun

daerah imbuhan (plural daerah-daerah imbuhan)


akuifer bebas

akuifer bebas (plural akuifer-akuifer bebas)

Compound of akuifer (“aquifer”) + bebas (“free”), literally “free aquifer”, calque from Japanese 自由地下水(じゆうちかすい) (jiyūchikasui, literally “free underground water”).


akuifer tertekan

id-noun

akuifer tertekan (plural akuifer-akuifer tertekan)

Compound of akuifer (“aquifer”) + tertekan, literally “pressed aquifer”, calque from Japanese 被圧地下水(ひあつちかすい) (hiatsuchikasui, literally “pressed underground water”).


air tanah

Compound of air (“water”) + tanah (“ground”), from calque of English groundwater or Dutch grondwater.

(geology) groundwater: Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers.


daerah lepasan

id-noun

daerah lepasan (plural daerah-daerah lepasan)


petromaks

Genericization of the trademark Petromax.


nasi uduk

Compound of nasi (“cooked rice”) + uduk (“savoury, fatty”).

com

(cooking) nasi uduk: An Indonesian dish of rice cooked in coconut milk with spices.


selamatan

sêlamatan (canonical)
selamatan-selamatan (plural)

Affixed selamat + -an, from Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦭꦩꦼꦠꦤ꧀ (slametan).

slametan: a (Javanese) communal feast, held to celebrate numerous types of event.


karak

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫꦏ꧀ (karak). Doublet of kerak (“crust”).


sahara

From Arabic صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā), plural of صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ).

bor

Arabic صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā)


otomatis

From Dutch automatisch, from French automatique, from Ancient Greek αὐτόματον (autómaton), neuter of αὐτόματος (autómatos, “selfmoving, moving of oneself, self-acting, spontaneous”). Doublet of automatik.

automatic (capable of operating without external control)


sarekat

From Javanese ꦱꦫꦺꦏꦠ꧀ (sarékat), from Arabic شَرِكَة (šarika). Doublet of serikat.


relaas

(law) summons: a notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness.


rekod

(data management) dynamic archive: type of archive that can grow as needed, rather than pre-allocating disk space at creation.


residensi

Affixed residen + -si, from Dutch residentie.

the condition of being a resident of a particular place.

the home or residence of a person, especially in the colonies; an administrative division of former British Empire and the Dutch East Indies (residentie), which were headed by a resident.

(healthcare) the position or term of a medical resident.


bubut

Inherited from Malay bubut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butbut (“owl”).

coucal (any bird of the genus Centropus in the cuckoo family Cuculidae)


bubut

Inherited from Malay bubut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butbut, from Proto-Austronesian *buCbuC (“pull up, pluck”).


bubut

Inherited from Malay bubut (“throat halyard”).


daster

dastêr (canonical)
daster-daster (plural)

duster (a type of loose dress worn at home)


petani

pêtani (canonical)
petani-petani (plural)

Affixed per- + tani, from Malay petani, from Classical Malay petani.

perlawanan petani


selama

Selama mereka masih tertidur, aku bisa bermain dengan bebas.

As long as they are still asleep, I can freely play.


surat izin mengemudi

id-noun

surat izin mengemudi (plural surat-surat izin mengemudi)

Compound of surat izin (“permit”) + mengemudi (“to drive”), literally “driving permit”. First attested in 1965. Compare to Japanese 運転免許証(うんてんめんきょしょう) (untenmenkyoshō, “driver's license”, literally “driving license (permit proof)”) and its Japanese occupation period equivalent Indonesian soerat izin mengemoedikan auto.

cog

driver's license, driving licence, driver's licence


nakes

tenaga kesehatan
tenaga kesehatan#Indonesian

Acronym of tenaga kesehatan (“health worker, healthcare worker”).


rebewes

rébêwés (canonical)
rebewes-rebewes (plural)


pengaya

peng- + kaya, literally "something used to enrich", "enricher".

Materi ini bisa digunakan sebagai pengaya bahan ajar.

This content can be used as a supplement to teaching materials.


beranda

bêranda (canonical)
beranda-beranda (plural)

From Dutch veranda, from English veranda, from Hindi बरामदा (barāmdā), from Portuguese varanda.


keluku

(computing, neologism, rare) thumbnail (a miniature preview of a larger image)


elektabilitas

èlèktabilitas (canonical)
elektabilitas-elektabilitas (plural)


putaran

(physics, chemistry, mathematics, medicine) rotation.


pertumbuhan

pêrtumbuhan (canonical)
pertumbuhan-pertumbuhan (plural)


penerima

(medicine) An individual receiving donor organs or tissues.

(chemistry) The portion of an alembic or other still in which the distilled liquid is collected.

(chemistry) An atom or molecule which can accept an electron to form a chemical bond.

(biochemistry) A transfer RNA molecule that can accept a specific amino acid

(physics) A chemical acceptor atom forming a positive hole in a semiconductor

finite-state machine
finite-state machine

(computing theory) A kind of finite-state machine whose binary output indicates whether or not a received input was accepted.

(chemistry) A vessel for receiving and holding the products of distillation, or for containing gases.

Any of several electronic devices that receive electromagnetic waves, or signals transmitted as such.

consignee: the person to whom a shipment is to be delivered.


sudra

Borrowed from Sanskrit शूद्र (śūdra), a variant of क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, diminutive”).

(uncountable) the Hindu varna (caste) composing workers

(countable) a member of the Hindu varna composing workers.


praperadilan

prapêradilan (canonical)
praperadilan-praperadilan (plural)


penyidik

(law) An officer (police or civil servant) who investigates; investigator.


penuntut umum

id-noun

penuntut umum (plural penuntut-penuntut umum)

public prosecutor
public prosecutor#English


kesimpulan

From Malay kesimpulan. Reconstructed as simpul + ke- -an.


terwelu

têrwèlu (canonical)
terwelu-terwelu (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese truwèlu, from Portuguese coelho. Doublet of kelinci and kuilu.


pesawat sederhana

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) + sederhana (“simple”), calque of Dutch eenvoudige machine (“simple machine”).

calque

(physics, engineering) simple machine: a device that only requires the application of a single force to work.


lengan beban

id-noun

lengan beban (plural lengan-lengan beban)


lengan kuasa

lengan kuasa (plural lengan-lengan kuasa)

Calque of English effort arm or Calque of Dutch machtarm (“effort arm”)


kuliah kerja nyata

Compound of kuliah (“lecture”) + kerja (“work”) + nyata (“real”).


pesawat terbang

Compound of pesawat (“machine”) + terbang (“fly”), calque of Dutch vliegtuig (“aeroplane”, literally “to fly + device”).


balumba

(dialect) to play in the water for a long time.


swafoto

Affixed swa- + foto, from English selfie.


tular

tular (root)
menular (active)
tertular (active involuntary)
ditular (active involuntary passive)
tular (active)
tularlah (active)
menulari (active locative)
tertulari (involuntary locative)
ditulari (involuntary locative passive)
tulari (locative)
tularilah (locative)
menularkan (active applicative causative)
tertularkan (applicative causative)
ditularkan (applicative causative passive)
tularkan (applicative causative)
tularkanlah (applicative causative)
mempertular (active causative)
terpertular (active causative involuntary)
dipertular (active causative involuntary passive)
pertular (active causative)
pertularlah (active causative)
mempertulari (active causative locative)
terpertulari (causative involuntary locative)
dipertulari (causative involuntary locative passive)
pertulari (causative locative)
pertularilah (causative locative)
mempertularkan (active applicative causative)
terpertularkan (applicative causative)
dipertularkan (applicative causative passive)
pertularkan (applicative causative)
pertularkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay tular, from Javanese ꦠꦸꦭꦂ (tular, “to spread the disease”), from Old Javanese tular (“to move”).


apang

(cooking) alternative form of apam (“appam”).


paparan benua

id-noun

paparan benua (plural paparan-paparan benua)

continental shelf
continental shelf#English


pidana

From Javanese ꦥꦶꦢꦤ (pidana, “court punishment”), from Old Javanese pīḍana (“pressing or squeezing; of oppressing, paining, afflicting”), from Sanskrit पीडन (pīḍana, “press, suppress”). Semantic loan from Dutch strafrecht (“criminal law”, literally “punishment law”) as Dutch straf (“punishment, penalty, sanction”).

cog

(law) crime: a specific act committed in violation of the law.

(Standard Malay)


tersangka

(law) suspect: a person who is suspected of committing a crime.


hukum pidana

Compound of hukum (“law”) + pidana (“crime”, literally “punishment”), calque of Dutch strafrecht (“criminal law”, literally “punishment law”). Coined in between 1942 and 1945.


wanprestasi

Borrowed from Dutch wanprestatie (“non-performance, breach of contract”).

bor+

(law, finance) default (The condition of failing to meet an obligation)

Itulah sebabnya, baik wanprestasi maupun perbuatan melawan hukum merupakan dasar untuk menuntut tanggung jawab perusahaan penilai.

2004, Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, volume 23, page 110:

That is why, both breach and act against the law are fundamental for holding the appraisal company to account.


uang pesangon

id-noun

uang pesangon (plural uang-uang pesangon)


hukum perdata

Compound of hukum (“law”) + perdata (“civil (law)”), calque of Dutch burgerlijk recht (“civil law”). Coined by Indonesian sociologist M.M. Djojodigoeno.


perbuatan melawan hukum

id-noun

perbuatan melawan hukum (plural perbuatan-perbuatan melawan hukum)

perbuatan-perbuatan melawan hukum (plural)


mahkota

From Malay mahkota (compare Javanese ꦩꦏꦸꦛ (makutha)), from Pali makuṭa, from a Dravidian term (compare Tamil முகடு (mukaṭu), Sanskrit मुकुट (mukuṭa, “crown”)).

memahkotai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

(literal) diadem: a royal, imperial or princely headdress.

(metonymically) king: the sovereign (in a monarchy), as head of state.

imperial or regal power, or those who wield it.

(botany) ellipsis of mahkota bunga (“petal, corolla”).


rumus

From Malay rumus, from Arabic رُمُوز (rumūz), plural of رَمْز (ramz, “cipher, code”).

(biology, chemistry, linguistics, literature, physics) formula


senyawa

sênyawa (canonical)
senyawa-senyawa (plural)

Affixed se- + nyawa. Semantic loan from Dutch samengesteld (“compound”, literally “together + to stand”) for compound (chemistry) sense. Attested before 1971.

sl

has become a meaning (of compound words)

has become a substance (of the chemical element)

(chemistry) compound: a substance formed by chemical union of two or more ingredients in definite proportions by weight.


senyawa kimia

id-noun

senyawa kimia (plural senyawa-senyawa kimia)

senyawa (“compound”) + kimia (“chemistry”)

compound

chemical compound
chemical compound#English


APRI

Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia#Indonesian

Initialism of Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia (“National Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia”).


TNI

Tentara Nasional Indonesia
w:id:Tentara Nasional Indonesia

(military) Initialism of Tentara Nasional Indonesia (“Indonesian National Armed Forces”).


Jend.

(title, military) Abbreviation of Jenderal. (Gen.).


jenderal

Borrowed from Dutch generaal, from French général, from Old French general, from Latin generālis.


kompi

From dialectal Dutch compagnie, from Middle Dutch compangie, from Old French compagnie, from Latin [Term?]. Compare to Petjo compies. Doublet of kompeni.

(military) company: a unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion.


kedaluwarsa

From Javanese ꦏꦢꦭꦸꦮꦂꦱ (kadaluwarsa, literally “accidentally in fully ripe time”). Equivalent to ke- + dalu (“overripe; late”) + warsa (“year”).


peramban web

id-noun

peramban web (plural peramban-peramban web)

peramban + web, Calque of English web browser.


penjelajah web

penjelajah web (plural penjelajah-penjelajah web)


penjelajah

peng- + jelajah (“to explore; to cruise”).


jelajah

head

jelajah (active locative menjelajahi, passive locative dijelajahi)

menjelajahi (active locative)
dijelajahi (locative passive)
jelajah (root)
menjelajah (active)
terjelajah (active involuntary)
dijelajah (active involuntary passive)
jelajah (active)
jelajahlah (active)
menjelajahi (active locative)
terjelajahi (involuntary locative)
dijelajahi (involuntary locative passive)
jelajahi (locative)
jelajahilah (locative)
menjelajahkan (active applicative causative)
terjelajahkan (applicative causative)
dijelajahkan (applicative causative passive)
jelajahkan (applicative causative)
jelajahkanlah (applicative causative)
memperjelajah (active causative)
terperjelajah (active causative involuntary)
diperjelajah (active causative involuntary passive)
perjelajah (active causative)
perjelajahlah (active causative)
memperjelajahi (active causative locative)
terperjelajahi (causative involuntary locative)
diperjelajahi (causative involuntary locative passive)
perjelajahi (causative locative)
perjelajahilah (causative locative)
memperjelajahkan (active applicative causative)
terperjelajahkan (applicative causative)
diperjelajahkan (applicative causative passive)
perjelajahkan (applicative causative)
perjelajahkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay jelajah. Reconstructed as jajah + -el-.


narapidana

nara- + pidana. Coined by Indonesian politician Sahardjo. Replaced orang hukuman.

coinage

correctional facility
correctional facility

(law) prisoner: a convict (terpidana) incarcerated in a correctional facility, serving a sentence.


terpidana

to convict: to find guilty, as a result of legal proceedings.


terpidana

têrpidana (canonical)
terpidana-terpidana (plural)

(law) convict: a person convicted of a crime by a judicial body with permanent legal force


undang-undang

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Reduplication of undang, inherited from Malay undang-undang,
from Classical Malay undang. Semantic loan from Dutch ordonnantie for legal regulation sense.

(law) legislation: law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body.

(Standard Malay)

act of parliament: a law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament.

a binding regulation or custom established in a community in this way.


lembaga pemasyarakatan

id-noun

lembaga pemasyarakatan (plural lembaga-lembaga pemasyarakatan)

Compound of lembaga (“institution”) + pemasyarakatan (“integration to society”). Coined by Indonesian politician Sahardjo.

compound

correctional institution
correctional institution

(law, euphemistic) correctional institution; correctional facility; penitentiary


BPK

(government) Initialism of Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (“Audit Board of Indonesia”).


BPK

(cooking) Initialism of Babi Panggang Karo.


KPK

(government) Initialism of Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (“Corruption Eradication Commission”).


KPK

(mathematics) Initialism of kelipatan persekutuan terkecil.


kelipatan persekutuan terkecil

id-noun

kelipatan persekutuan terkecil (uncountable)

least common multiple
least common multiple


faktor persekutuan terbesar

greatest common divisor
greatest common divisor


FPB

faktor persekutuan terbesar
faktor persekutuan terbesar#Indonesian

Initialism of faktor persekutuan terbesar.


politisi

Borrowed from Dutch politici, the plural form of politicus.


doea

1922, Kartini, Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang, Balai Pustaka, hlm. 25

if there is nothing which is that two problem.

"kalau tiada barang jang 'doea' perkara itoe"


gatra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦠꦿ (gatra), from Sanskrit गात्र (gātra, “body”).

(uncommon) manifestation (the embodiment of an intangible, or variable thing)

(linguistics) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding

the way something appears when viewed from a certain direction or perspective


tanggal

From Malay tanggal (“to fall off”), from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal (“unfastened, detached”).
* For the sense of date (day and month), a semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀ (tanggal, “date, beginning of the lunar month”), from Old Javanese taṅgal (“waxing (of the moon), first half of the lunar month”), probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal (“unfastened, detached”), refers to the new moon which moon is detached from the night sky.

der

menanggalkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

menanggali [agent focus + causative benefactive]

ditanggalkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]

ditanggali [patient focus + causative benefactive]


tanggal

(Standard Malay)


busi

From Dutch bougie, from French bougie (“spark plug, candle”), ultimately from French Bougie, the historical French name for the Algerian town of Béjaïa.


aiptu

(law enforcement) acronym of ajun inspektur polisi satu (Indonesia).


AJB

akta jual beli
akta jual beli#Indonesian

(business, real estate) Initialism of akta jual beli.


PDH

pakaian dinas harian
pakaian dinas harian#Indonesian


alpukat

Audio

Inherited from Dutch East Indies Malay, there are several possibilities:
* influenced from an archaic word of Sundanese alpoekat (“advocate”), from Dutch advocaat (“attorney, lawyer”)
* from Arabic الْأَفُوكَاتَة (al-ʔafūkāta, “avocado”), a variant of أفوكادو
* from corruption of Dutch avocado (“avocado”).

الْأَفُوكَاتَة

the large, usually yellowish-green or black, savory fruit of the avocado tree

Persea americana
Persea americana#Translingual

the avocado tree, Persea americana, of the laurel family


cabor

Acronym of cabang olahraga (“discipline”).


antesis

From English anthesis, from Ancient Greek ἄνθησις (ánthēsis, “flowering”).


ADK

(finance) Initialism of arsip data komputer (“computer data archive”).


APBN

anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara#Indonesian

(finance, government) Initialism of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara (“national government budget”).


APBD

anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah.


APD

aplikasi penarikan dana
aplikasi penarikan dana#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of aplikasi penarikan dana.

alat pelindung diri
alat pelindung diri#Indonesian

personal protective equipment
personal protective equipment

Initialism of alat pelindung diri (“personal protective equipment”)


BLU

badan layanan umum
badan layanan umum#Indonesian


perunggu

pêrunggu (canonical)
perunggu-perunggu (plural)

A naturally occurring or man-made alloy of copper, usually in combination with tin, but also with one or more other metals.

perunggu:

A reddish-brown colour, the colour of bronze.


kemenkeu

kementerian keuangan
kementerian keuangan#Indonesian


menkeu

menteri keuangan
menteri keuangan#Indonesian


kementerian keuangan

id-noun

kementerian keuangan (plural kementerian-kementerian keuangan)


menteri keuangan

mêntêri kêuangan (plural menteri-menteri keuangan or para menteri keuangan)

mêntêri kêuangan (canonical)
menteri-menteri keuangan (plural)
para menteri keuangan (plural)


Kemendikbud

kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan#Indonesian

Acronym of kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan.


kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan

kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan (plural kementerian-kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan)

ministry of education and culture
ministry of education and culture


Mendikbud

menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan#Indonesian

Acronym of menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan.


menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan

menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan (plural menteri-menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan)

minister of education and culture
minister of education and culture


kementerian

kêmêntêrian (canonical)
kementerian-kementerian (plural)

Affixed of menteri + ke- -an. Doublet of kemantren.

(government) ministration, the act of ministering.

ministry,
ministration, the act of ministering.

(government) government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister (or equivalent rank, e.g. secretary of state), who holds it as portfolio, especially in a constitutional monarchy, but also as a polity.

ministership: the position held by a minister.


kemendag

kementerian perdagangan
kementerian perdagangan#Indonesian


mendag

menteri perdagangan
menteri perdagangan#Indonesian


rapih

head

rapih (comparative lebih rapih, superlative terapih, equative serapih)

lebih rapih (comparative)
terapih (superlative)
serapih (equative)

nonstandard form of rapi (“tidy; neat”).


lapor

From the dissimilation of Dutch rapport, from Middle Dutch rapport, from Middle French rapport. Doublet of rapor.


kata sandi

From compound of kata (“word”) + sandi (“code”), from calque of Dutch codewoord (“codeword, password”).

clq

(computing) password: a string of characters used to log in to a computer or network, to access a level in a video game, etc.


putra mahkota

id-noun

putra mahkota (plural putra-putra mahkota)


membakar

From Malay membakar,
from Classical Malay membakar. Equivalent to
meng- + bakar.


memukul

From Malay memukul,
from Classical Malay memukul. Equivalent to
meng- + pukul.

Jangan sampai aku memukulmu.

(transitive, figurative) to get too much profit

g7xh8B artinya bidak g7 memukul buah lawan di h8 dan sekaligus promosi jadi benteng.
g7xh8B means g7 pawn captured piece at h8 and promoted into rook.

(transitive, figurative, chess) to capture pieces


syabas

Inherited from Malay syabas, from Hindi शाबाश (śābāś, “well done”), from Classical Persian شاباش (šābāš).


tahniah

From through Malay tahniah, from Arabic تَهْنِئَة (tahniʔa, “congratulation”).

der

(Islam) words or expressions of congratulations, felicitations


beasiswa

béasiswa (canonical)
beasiswa-beasiswa (plural)

Compound of bea (“expense”) + siswa (“student”).

(education) scholarship, a grant-in-aid to a student.

(education) bursary: a monetary award to university students that allows them to continue their studies.


hak cipta

Compound of hak (“right”) + cipta (“intellectual”). Coined by Indonesian Soetan Mohammad Sjah in 1951. Replaced hak pengarang.


meletus

From Malay meletus, from Classical Malay meletus, equivalent to meng- + letus.


tabernakel

tabêrnakêl (canonical)
tabernakel-tabernakel (plural)

From Dutch tabernakel, from Middle Dutch tabernakel, from Latin tabernaculum, diminutive of taberna.

(Catholicism) A small ornamented cupboard or box used for the reserved sacrament of the Eucharist, normally located in an especially prominent place in a Roman Catholic church.

(Jewish) The portable tent used before the construction of the temple, where the shekinah (presence of God) was believed to dwell.

(Jewish) The Jewish Temple at Jerusalem (as continuing the functions of the earlier tabernacle).


mangsa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mems-
Proto-Indo-European *mḗmsder.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám
Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa)bor.
Malay mangsa
Indonesian mangsa
From Malay mangsa (“victim, corpse”), from Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa, “flesh”).

etymon

that which is or may be seized by animals to be devoured.

prey
a person or thing given up as a victim.

a living thing, usually an animal, that is eaten by another living thing.


mangsa

head

mangsa (active memangsa, passive dimangsa)

(transitive) to prey on
to eat (as a predator).

(transitive) to prey on
(figuratively) to exploit or victimize.


zuhur

From earlier lohor, from Malay lohor, zohor, zuhur, from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).


Zuhur

From earlier Lohor, from Malay Lohor,
Zohor, Zuhur, from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).


hipospadia

Affixed hipo- + *spadia, from English hypospadias, from Ancient Greek ὑποσπαδίᾱς (hupospadíās, “one who has the orifice of the urethra too low”).

der

(pathology) hypospadias: a congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.


pemilik

Affixed
peng- + milik, from Malay pemilik.


menunjuk

head

menunjuk (base tunjuk, imperative tunjuk, active menunjuk, passive ditunjuk)

tunjuk (imperative)
menunjuk (active)
ditunjuk (passive)

Affixed meng- + tunjuk, from Malay menunjuk, from Classical Malay menunjuk.

To extend the index finger in the direction of something in order to show where it is or to draw attention to it.

To draw attention to something or indicate a direction.

(transitive, figurative) to choose someone (to do something); to elect


mendengar

Aku bisa mendengarnya bersiul.


sengsara

From Malay sengsara, from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra, “course”).


sesar

Inherited from Malay sesar.
* The sense “fault” probably is a semantic loan from Japanese ずれ (zure, “slippage, a gap, shear”), a synonym of 斷層(だんそう) (dansō, “fault”, literally “gap”).

ja-r

(seismology) fault: A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.


hipotesis

Affixed hipo- + tesis, from learned borrowing from Late Latin hypothesis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis, “base, basis of an argument, supposition”, literally “a placing under”), itself from ὑποτίθημι (hupotíthēmi, “I set before, suggest”), from ὑπό (hupó, “below”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”).


pencari

finder; searcher; seeker (one who does one of, or more than one of those actions)


dikarenakan

karena + di- -kan. Proscribed formation from karena, possibly by analogy with sebab and disebabkan. The agent focus form "mengarenakan" does not exist.

Maraknya korupsi di Indonesia dikarenakan gaji pegawai yang jauh dari kata cukup untuk hidup layak.

The rise of corruption in Indonesia is caused by officials' salaries being far from enough to live a decent life.


dikarenakan

Dikarenakan cuaca saat itu sejuk dan tidak panas, ...

2015, Laporan Konferensi Wikimedia 2015:

Since the weather was cool and was not warm, ...


naskah

Inherited from Malay naskah, naskhah (Standard Malay naskhah), from Arabic نُسْخَة (nusḵa). Semantic loan from Dutch handschrift.

A book, composition or any other document, written by hand (or manually typewritten), not mechanically reproduced.

A single, original copy of a book, article, composition etc, written by hand or even printed, submitted as original for (copy-editing and) reproductive publication.

draft: an early version of a written work.

(journalism) the text that is to be typeset.

(journalism) the text of newspaper articles.

a printed edition of a book or magazine.

a written document that reports scientific or academic research and is usually subjected to peer review before publication in a scientific journal (as a journal article or the manuscript for one) or in the proceedings of a scientific or academic meeting (such as a conference, workshop, or symposium).

a written document, generally shorter than a book (white paper, term paper), in particular one written for the Government.


kajur

(education) Acronym of ketua jurusan (“department head”).


kaprodi

(education) Acronym of ketua program studi (“head of program”).

(education) Acronym of kepala program studi (“head of program”).


kapolri

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.


kapolsek

kepolisian sektor
kepolisian sektor#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepala kepolisian sektor.


kapolres

kepolisian resor
kepolisian resor#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepala kepolisian resor.


Polri

w:id:Kepolisan Negara Republik Indonesia

(law enforcement) Acronym of Kepolisan Negara Republik Indonesia (“Indonesian National Police”).


polsek

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian sektor.


polres

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian resor.


kodam

(military) acronym of komando daerah militer (“military region command”) (Indonesia).


pangdam

komando daerah militer
komando daerah militer#Indonesian

(military) acronym of panglima komando daerah militer (“military region commander”) (Indonesia).


Kostrad

angkatan darat
angkatan darat#Indonesian

(military) Acronym of komando cadangan strategis angkatan darat.


akuarium

Borrowed from Dutch aquarium, from Latin aquārium (compare Malay akuarium).


begawan

From Malay begawan, from Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān).

(figurative) cornerstone person in a subject.


dusun

(government) division of administrative areas in Indonesia which are located under sub-districts or villages


duku

→ Dutch: doekoe

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual


bangsi

(dialectal) Synonym of seruling (“flute”)


wacana

→ Malay: wacana

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦕꦤ (wacana, “word; commandment; speech; to speak, to talk”), from Old Javanese wacana (“speech, word; sound, voice; teaching”), from Sanskrit वचन (vacana).

der

exposition the act or process of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing; an essay or speech in which any topic is discussed in detail.


enggak

From Betawi kagak (“no”), probably derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(w)əːŋɡaʔ.


takhta

From Malay takhta (“throne”), from Persian تختها (taxt-hâ, plural).


pelanduk

pĕlanduk (canonical)
pelanduk-pelanduk (plural)

From Malay pelanduk, from Classical Malay pelanduk (“mousedeer”).


angkin

From Betawi angkin or Malay angkin, from Hokkien 紅裙 /红裙.


pemandu

From Malay pemandu. Equivalent to peng- + pandu

guider (someone who guides, especially someone hired to show people around a place or an institution and offer information and explanation)

guide:
guidepost (a sign that guides people)


pekerja

Affixed per- + kerja, inherited from Malay pekerja.


pembaca

id-noun

pêmbaca (plural pembaca-pembaca or para pembaca)

pêmbaca (canonical)
pembaca-pembaca (plural)
para pembaca (plural)


pembeli

From Malay pembeli,
from Classical Malay pembeli. Equivalent to peng- + beli.

A person who purchases; buyer; customer; purchaser.


saputangan

Compound of sapu + tangan, inherited from Malay saputangan. Compare to Japanese 手拭(てぬぐ)い (tenugui, “hand towel, washcloth, handkerchief, bandana”, literally “hand wiper”).


nikmat

From Malay nikmat, from Arabic نِعْمَة (niʕma).


sundari

From Sanskrit सुन्दरी (sundarī, “beautiful”).

(music) sundari: a double-reed wind instrument with seven to nine holes, related to the shehnai.


kelicuk

A Rejangese pastry, made from glutinous rice and banana and usually wrapped like a cone with banana leaf.


keamanan

Inherited from Malay keamanan. Equivalent to aman + ke- -an.

(uncountable) safeness (the quality or state of being safe)

(uncountable) the condition or feeling of being safe

safety
the condition or feeling of being safe

(mechanics) a mechanism on a weapon or dangerous equipment designed to prevent accidental firing

(uncountable) secureness (the quality or state of being secure)

(uncountable) the condition of not being threatened, especially physically, psychologically, emotionally, or financially

an organization or department responsible for providing security by enforcing laws, rules, and regulations as well as maintaining order


berguna

From Malay berguna,
from Classical Malay berguna. Equivalent to
ber- + guna.


dahaga

From Malay dahaga (“thirsty”), from Sanskrit दाहक (dāhaka, “burning, setting on fire”).


dahaga

From Sanskrit द्रोह (droha, “rebellion, discrimination”) + Sanskrit -क (-ka). Compare to Malay dahagi.


kejayaan

kêjayaan (canonical)
kejayaan-kejayaan (plural)


biduan

From Malay biduan, from Sanskrit विद्वान् (vidvān, “wise man”). Doublet of bidan.


camca

Inherited from Malay camca, from Hindi चमचा (camcā), from Classical Persian چمچه (čamča, čumča), ultimately of Turkic origin.


istimewa

From Malay istimewa, from Classical Malay istimewa, said to be from Sanskrit आस्तामेव (āstāmeva, literally “May it keep on being so.”), i.e. आस्ताम् (āstām), the middle-voice 3rd-person singular imperative of आस् (ās, “to sit; to continue; to exist; to last”) + एव (eva), a particle for emphasis. However, the form may have been influenced by Arabic loanwords.

m+

Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia


kemeja

From Malay kemeja, from Portuguese camisa, from Old Galician-Portuguese camisa (“shirt”), from Late Latin camisia (“shirt”), from Transalpine Gaulish, of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją (“clothes, shirt, skirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱam- (“cover, clothes”). Doublet of kamisa.


tilam

mattress (a pad on which a person can recline and sleep)


senarai

sênarai (canonical)
senarai-senarai (plural)


nelayan

From Malay nelayan, ultimately from Tamil நுளையன் (nuḷaiyaṉ).


sdm

Lowercase spelling and dot absence follow English tbsp.

Abbreviation of sendok makan (“tbsp, tablespoon”).


adfluvial

(hydrology) adfluvial: towards the flowing waters of a river or stream.


kadera

kadèra (canonical)
kadera-kadera (plural)

From Portuguese cadeira, from Old Galician-Portuguese cadeira, from Vulgar Latin *cathēgra, variant of Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “above”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “chair”). Doublet of katedral.

(obsolete) litter (a seat to carry a person).


pelajaran

Affixed ajar + per- -an or pelajar + -an, from Malay pelajaran.

lesson: something learned or to be learned.

keterpelajaran [agentless action + passive]


pelajaran

Aku suka pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.

(colloquial) subject: an area of knowledge that is taught or studied in learning institutions


kesukaran

kêsukaran (canonical)
kesukaran-kesukaran (plural)

Affixed sukar + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kesukaran.


kesukaran

(colloquial) to face a such situation (difficulty, trouble, hardship, or destitution).


dorna

From Betawi [Term?], from Sanskrit द्रोण (droṇa, “Droṇa”).


diri

From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).

inh

(psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.


jamin

From Malay jamin, from Classical Persian ضامن (zāmin), from Arabic ضَامِن (ḍāmin, “guarantor, warrantor, one who guarantees”).


milenial

referring to the 1,000th anniversary of an event or happening.

millennial,
related to milenium
occurring every thousand years.

of or relating to people born in the last two decades of the 20th century.


kacang tanah

id-noun

kacang tanah (plural kacang-kacang tanah)


gurita

From Malay gurita, from Proto-Malayic *gurita, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guʀita (co-existing with *kuʀita), from Proto-Austronesian *guʀiCa. Compare to Cebuano kugita, Fijian kuita, Marshallese kweet.

octopus (any of several marine molluscs of the family Octopodidae)

octopus (the flesh of these marine molluscs eaten as food)


gurita

a chest or stomach wrapping cloth, which has straps or adhesives, mainly used for babies or new mothers


bagan

Borrowed from Minangkabau [Term?]. Cognate of Malay bagan


bagan

From Riau Malay [Term?]. Cognate of Malay bagan

a rest stop for people who search for wood or rubber in the forest, in the form of a roof that slopes to one side, has four poles, and a low platform floor


sunting

ornament (flower etc.) worn behind the ear