peraturan

Affixed atur + per- -an, inherited from Malay peraturan, from Classical Malay peraturan. Semantic loan from Dutch reglement for legal regulation sense.

(law) regulation: a type of law made by the executive branch of a government, usually as authorized by a statute made by the legislative branch giving the executive the authority to do so.


persaingan

competition
(uncountable) the action of competing

(countable) a contest for a prize or award

competition
a contest for a prize or award


tenggelam

Inherited from Malay tenggelam, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ləm; *ləəm (“to sink”)

Tenggelamnya kapal Van Der Wjick.

(intransitive) to submerge, to sink, to be immersed

(intransitive, figurative) to lose oneself

(intransitive, figurative) to lost, to disappear, to miss

(intransitive, figurative) to be absorbed, to be engrossed


menenggelamkan

From Malay menenggelamkan,
from Classical Malay menenggelamkan. Equivalent to
tenggelam + meng- -kan.

(transitive) to immerse, to submerge, to plunge


penenggelaman

the act of immersing, immersion, submergence, submersion


pelaku

pêlaku (canonical)
pelaku-pelaku (plural)

Affixed per- + laku. The sense of crime is a semantic loan from Dutch dader.

actor: A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer.

Pelaku penembakan masal telah diamankan.

The suspect of the mass shooting has been apprehended.

(law enforcement) suspect, culprit, perpetrator

(sociology) an individual engaging with the social structure.

(philosophy) agent performs for a purpose, that is guided by the person's intention.


melakukan

From Malay melakukan,
from Classical Malay melakukan. Equivalent to laku + meng- -kan.

(transitive) to do, to perform, to take action


berminat

(intransitive) to have interest, to be interested


peminat

a person who is interested (in), enthusiast


purbakala

From Malay purbakala, from Sanskrit पूर्वकाल (pūrvakāla, “former or previous time”), equivalent to purba- + kala.


purnabakti

retiring, stop working (because of old age)


purnawaktu

From purna- (“full-”) + waktu (“time”). Calque of English full-time.


berahasia

(colloquial, intransitive) to tell secret


binasa

From Malay binasa, from Sanskrit विनाश (vināśa).


bintara

From Sanskrit आभ्यन्तरः (ābhyantaraḥ, “interior officer”).

non-commissioned officer
non-commissioned officer


bayangkara

From Malay bayangkara (“guard”), from Sanskrit भयङ्कर (bhayaṅkara, “fearful, falcon, owl”). Doublet of bhayangkara.


bhayangkara

Unadapted borrowing from Sanskrit भयङ्कर (bhayaṅkara, “fearful, falcon, owl”). Doublet of bayangkara.


remedi

rèmêdi (canonical)
remedi-remedi (plural)

Ultimately from Latin remedium.
* Via English remedy, from Middle English remedie, from Old French *remedie, remede.
* Via Dutch remedie, from Middle Dutch remedie, perhaps via Old French remedie.

(medicine) a medicine, application, or treatment that relieves or cures a disease.

(education) something that corrects or improve deficient skills in some subject.


berbeda

Warna gitarku berbeda dengan milikmu.
The color of my guitar is different from yours.
Warna gitar aku beda bareng kamu deh.

(stative) to have difference; to be different


berbeda-beda

(intransitive, reciprocal) to be different from each other


sendiri

Affixed diri + se- (probably through affixed Old Javanese aṅḍiri, aṇḍiri (“to stand; to be functional, to reign; standing alone; outstanding”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *andir instead of Malay diri directly), inherited from Malay sendiri.

cog

Ibu sendiri yang memasak kue ini.

It was mother herself who made this cake.

Buku ini ditulis oleh Pak Bambang sendiri.

This book is written by Mr. Bambang himself.


sendiri

Nelayan merasa di laut seperti di rumah sendiri.

When at sea, fishermen feel as if in their own home.

Aku harus membayar dari kantongku sendiri.

Sayur-sayuran ini dari kebun ibu sendiri.

These vegetables are from mother's own garden.


papan tulis

Compound of papan (“board”) + tulis (“to write”).


menghormat

Kita harus menghormat hak orang lain.

We must respect the rights of other people.


tuan rumah

tuan (“lord, master”) + rumah (“house”), from Malay toean rumah (“house owner”). The sense “host” is a semantic loan from English host.

Tuan rumah yang baik akan selalu menjamu tamu-tamunya.

A good host will always serve his/her guests.

One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.

One that provides a facility for an event.

A person or organization responsible for running an event


memerlukan

Tobata bukan anak ajaib. Namun, ia biaya yang besar. Setiap hari Tobata memerlukan makanan yang banyak. Selain itu, Tobata memerlukan tempat yang luas.

1996, Atisah Muhammad Jaruki, Cerita rakyat dari Sulawesi Tengah:

Tobata is no miraculous kid. But he costs a lot. Every day Tobata needs a lot of food. Besides, Tobata needs a lot of space.


tepercaya

From ter- + percaya. Attested before 1967.

Hanya saja, legenda ini juga tidak bisa dibenarkan, mengingat Abu Syamah, salah satu pencatat biografi Ibn ‘Arabi paling tepercaya yang menghadiri langsung prosesi pemakamannya, tidak menyinggung peristiwa ini sama sekali.

2018 April 6, “Ibn 'Arabi Sang Muhyiddin dari Murcia”, in Tirto.ID:

However, this legend cannot be verified either, considering that Abu Shamah, one of the most reliable biographers of Ibn 'Arabi who attended his funeral procession in person, did not mention this event at all.


perlu

From Malay perlu, from Javanese ꦥꦼꦂꦭꦸ (perlu), from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ, “obligation”). Doublet of fardu.


mutlak

Inherited from Malay mutlak, from Arabic مُطْلَق (muṭlaq).


kemutlakan

Kepala Bandara Husein Sastra Negara Mulya Abdi menyatakan, Bandara Husein sebenarnya sudah memenuhi standar untuk melayani penumpang internasional. Karena itu, peralatan X-Ray sudah menjadi sebuah kemutlakan. Sejauh ini, pihaknya telah melakukan pengaasan ketat, dengan memakai peralatan serupa milik Angkasa Pura.

2009 July 28, “Bandara Husein Bandung Rawan Penyelundupan”, in Tempo:

Head of Husein Sastra Negara Airport, Mulya Abdi, stated that Husein Airport actually meets the standards for serving international passengers. Therefore, X-Ray equipment has become absolute. So far, his party has carried out strict supervision, using equipment similar to Angkasa Pura's.


menjadwalkan

(transitive) to make schedule (for), to schedule


memisahkan

Tembok beton ini memisahkan permukiman warga Israel dengan wilayah Palestina.

This concrete wall separates Israeli settlements from the Palestinian territories.


sikat gigi

Compound of sikat (“brush”) + gigi (“teeth”), calque of Dutch tandenborstel (“toothbrush”).


memecahkan

From Malay memecahkan, from Classical Malay memecahkan. Equivalent to pecah + meng- -kan.

Siapa yang memecahkan piring itu?

Kita harus berusaha untuk memecahkan setiap masalah yang kita hadapi.

We must try to solve every problem we face.


memutuskan

Mereka telah memutuskan bahwa dinding batu merupakan tempat paling nyaman untuk duduk dua malam yang lalu, ketika Mirar pertama kalinya meninggalkan gua.

2014, Trudi Canavan, Last of The Wilds: Pembangkang Para Dewa:

They decided that the stone wall is the most comfortable place to sit two nights ago, when Mirar first left the cave.


sempit

Sekretaris Jenderal Pengurus Besar Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI), drg Diono Susilo, menjelaskan perbedaan kewenangan tukang gigi yang lebih sempit dibandingkan dengan dokter gigi.

2018 November 14, “Ini Perbedaan Kewenangan Tukang Gigi dan Dokter Gigi”, in Republika Online:

Secretary General of the Executive Board of the Indonesian Dentists Association (PDGI), Diono Susilo, explained that the differences in the more limited competences of tooth experts compared to dentists.

(figurative) limited (of access, right, etc.)


lurus

From Malay lurus,
from Classical Malay lurus.

(figurative) being honest, innocent, guiltless


halus

Inherited from Malay halus. Cognate to Balinese ᬳᬮᬸᬲ᭄ (alus).

Bubuk halus


budiman

From Malay budiman, from Sanskrit बुद्धिमान (buddhimāna, “intelligent; wise”).


bujangga

From Malay bujangga, from Classical Malay bujangga, from Javanese bujangga, from Old Javanese bhujangga.
* A possible corruption of Sanskrit पूजाङ्ग (pūjāṅga) from पूजा (pūjā) + अङ्ग (aṅga); doublet of pujangga.
* A possible corruption of Old Javanese bujaṅ, wujaṅ (“young (unmarried) person”); doublet of bujang. According to van der Kroef (1950), this was happened due to Sanskritization of the Javanese court.

compound

पूजा (pūjā) + अङ्ग (aṅga)


bukti

From Malay bukti, from Sanskrit भुक्ति (bhukti, “possession”), व्यक्त (vyakta, “evident”), युक्त (yukta, “proper”). Cognate in Old Javanese byakta, wyakti. The term is used for translation on semantic loan from Dutch bewijs in law terms.


busana

From Malay busana, from Sanskrit भूषण (bhūṣaṇa, “ornament”).


butala

From Malay butala (“earth”), from Classical Malay butala, from Sanskrit भूतल (bhūtala, “earth”).


kebanyakan

From Malay kebanyakan, from Classical Malay kebanyakan (“most”), equivalent to banyak + ke- -an.


membanyak

From Malay membanyak,
from Classical Malay membanyak. Equivalent to
meng- + banyak.

(intransitive) to increase in number, to multiply, to become a lot


membanyaki

(transitive) to overcome in number or size


berumur

From Malay berumur, from Classical Malay berumur. Equivalent to ber- + umur.

Dia berumur 25 tahun

He's 25 years old (lit. "he has 25 years of age")

(intransitive) to come of age, to reach maturity


panci

From Dutch pannetje, from pan, from Middle Dutch panne, from Old Dutch *panna, from Latin panna, contraction of patina.


penumpang

From Malay penumpang,
from Classical Malay penumpang (“lodger”). Equivalent to
peng- + tumpang.


kendara

From Malay kendera, kendara, from Classical Malay کندرا (kendera), کندرا (kendara),
* Equivalent to ke- (“towards to”) + edar (“to turn”) + -in- (“continuous”). Compare to Old Javanese indra, indĕr, idĕr (“to wander; to turn around”).

cog

vehicle, a conveyance; a device for carrying or transporting substances, objects or individuals.


kemudi

Borrowed from Old Javanese ꦏꦩꦸḍꦆ (kamuḍi).

bor+

steering (equipment used to control direction; something used to steer)


berkemudi

(intransitive) to drive (to operate a wheeled motorized vehicle)


bermusim

Buah jeruk hanya tumbuh pada musimnya, sekarang belum bermusim.

Oranges only grow on their [growing] season, [but] now they have not yet reached their season.

(intransitive) to reach a particular season, reach one's season

(intransitive, of plants) to have a particular season to grow, have a growing season


mustahak

From Arabic مُسْتَحَقّ (mustaḥaqq, “deserved”).


mustahik

From Arabic مُسْتَحِقّ (mustaḥiqq, “deserving; one who deserves”), from the active participle of اِسْتَحَقَّ (istaḥaqqa).


tepi

rim: an edge around something, especially when circular.

side: a bounding straight edge of a two-dimensional shape.

bank, shore (of watercourse, body of water)

the line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions.

a decorative strip around the edge of something

periphery: the outside boundary, parts or surface of something.


kendati

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kendati</i>


jangankan

Jangankan belajar, baca saja dia tak bisa.


bagai

Inherited from Malay bagai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type; fitting; well-matched; suitable”).


keranda

Inherited from Malay keranda (“coffin”), from Pali karaṇḍa (“basket”), from Sanskrit करण्ड (karaṇḍa, “basket”).

bier (a litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)


mala-

From Malay mala-, from Old Javanese mala-, from Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, impurity”), from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“black”). Doublet of mala.


perkara

From Malay perkara, from Sanskrit प्रकार (prakāra, “manner”).


lahan

From Javanese lahan (ꦭꦲꦤ꧀, “unplanted area”), laha (“empty, quiet”).


lahan

From Malay lahan, from Classical Malay lahan, from Arabic لَحْن (laḥn).


malversatie

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch malversatie (“malversation”), from Middle French malversation.


hidrogen asetat

id-noun

hidrogèn asétat (plural hidrogen-hidrogen asetat)

hidrogèn asétat (canonical)
hidrogen-hidrogen asetat (plural)


asam asetat

→ Javanese: ꦲꦱꦼꦩ꧀ꦲꦱꦺꦠꦠ꧀ (asem asétat)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) acetic acid


asam cuka

→ Javanese: ꦲꦱꦼꦩ꧀ꦕꦸꦏ (asem cuka)

Compound of asam (“acid”) + cuka (“vinegar”).


asam amino

Compound of asam + amino, calque of Dutch aminozuur, from German Aminosäure.


bahas

head

bahas (active membahas, passive dibahas)

Inherited from Malay bahas, from Arabic بَحْث (baḥṯ).


tertib

[t̪ərˈt̪ɪp̚]

From Malay tertib, from Arabic تَرْتِيب (tartīb, “order, sequence”).


serikat

sêrikat (canonical)
serikat-serikat (plural)

From Malay serikat, from Classical Malay شريكت (syarikat), سريكت (serikat), from Arabic شَرِكَة (šarika). Doublet of syarikat.

Amerika Serikat

United States of America (literally, “The Union of America”)


alih aksara

Compound alih (“trans-”) + aksara (“writing system, letter”), calque of English transliteration.

compound

transliteration: the act or product of transliterating, of representing letters or words in the characters of another alphabet or script.


alih bahasa

From alih (“trans-”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of English translation.

translation: the conversion of text from one language to another.


acak

Bilangan acak


terlunta-lunta

Sekitar 600.000 anak-anak Rohingya terlunta-lunta akibat kekerasan di Negara Bagian Rakhine. Mereka terpaksa mengungsi ke Bangladesh demi mendapatkan keamanan, sebagian tanpa pendampingan.

2017 September 18, “600.000 Anak Rohingya Terlunta [600,000 Rohingya Children Suffering from Hardship]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-12-05:

Approximately 600,000 Rohingya children are suffering from hardship due to violence in the state of Rakhine. They are forced to flee to Bangladesh to obtain peace, some without assistance.

often in a state of misfortune or suffering from hardship


terlunta

From Malay terlunta. Equivalent to ter- + lunta.


cakram

From Sanskrit चक्रम् (cakram), the singular declension of Sanskrit चक्र (cakra), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos. Doublet of cakra and siklus.


panjenengan

(Central Java, formal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours

saudara

used for people of either gender of equal status

bapak

father; lit. ; used for men of higher status

ibu

mother; lit. ; used for women of higher status


kamerad

kamêrad (canonical)
kamerad-kamerad (plural)

From Dutch kameraad, from French camarade, from Spanish camarada or Italian camerata, from Medieval Latin *camarata, from Latin camara, camera (“a chamber”). Doublet of kamar and kamera.

comrade (a mate, companion, or associate)

(communism) comrade (a fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person)

a non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist or socialist state.


ketertiban

Affixed tertib + ke- -an. Translation of Japanese 規律(きりつ) (kiritsu, “discipline, order; regulation, rule”), see kiritu.


menganehkan

dianehkan (passive)
aneh (root)
menganehkan (active applicative causative)
teranehkan (applicative causative)
dianehkan (applicative causative passive)
anehkan (applicative causative)
anehkanlah (applicative causative)
memperanehkan (active applicative causative)
terperanehkan (applicative causative)
diperanehkan (applicative causative passive)
peranehkan (applicative causative)
peranehkanlah (applicative causative)

Semua orang menganehkan tingkah lakunya.

(transitive) to find odd, to deem strange


PPA

(healthcare, insurance) Acronym of profesional pemberi asuhan (“care provider professional”).


mempermurah

(transitive) to make cheaper, more inexpensive


memurah

(intransitive) to become cheap or cheaper


memurahkan

(transitive) to make cheap, inexpensive; to lower the price of, to cheapen


bagaimana

From Malay bagaimana.
Equivalent to bagai + mana.

Bagaimana cara kau menggambar manga?
How do you draw a manga?
Kok cara kamu gambar manga ya?

how, in what manner (often followed by cara (“way, manner”))

Bagaimana hubunganmu dengan ayahmu?
How is your relationship with your father?
Kok pacaran kamu bareng ayah kamu ya?

Mereka semua mendapatkan apa yang mereka mau, tetapi bagaimana denganku?
They all get what they want, but what about me?
Orang semua dapetin orang apa mau, eh tapi bareng aku kok?


seberapa

Seberapa kuat Anda?

Seberapa sering?


cakrawala

From Malay cakerawala, from Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla).


cakrawati

From Malay cakerawati, from Pali cakkavatti, from Sanskrit चक्रवत् (cakravat, “oilman, emperor, name of Viṣṇu”), चक्रवर्तिन् (cakravartin, “world-ruler”, literally “wheel-turner”).

der

Synonym of kepala negara (“head of state”)


prasada

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦱꦢ (prasada, “candi, building, palace”), from Old Javanese prāsāda (“lofty building, temple”), from Sanskrit प्रासाद (prāsāda, “palace”). Doublet of persada.


persada

pêrsada (canonical)
persada-persada (plural)

From Malay persada, from Sanskrit प्रासाद (prāsāda, “palace”). Doublet of prasada.


cendala

From Malay cendala, from Classical Malay cendala, from Pali caṇḍāla, from Sanskrit चण्डाल (caṇḍāla, “wicked, outcast”). Doublet of jendala and sundal.


celaka

From Malay celaka, from Sanskrit छलक (chalaka, “delusive, cheating”).


cempaka

cêmpaka (canonical)
cempaka-cempaka (plural)

From Malay cempaka, from Sanskrit चम्पक (campaka).

Magnolia champaca
Magnolia champaca#Translingual


cendekia

From Malay cendekia, from Sanskrit चाणक्य (cāṇakya, “Chanakya: name of an ancient Indian teacher”).

secendekia

as intellectual as; as quick-witted or witty as

intellectual (belonging to, or performed by, the intellect)


cenangga

From Sanskrit छिन्न (chinna, “broken, chopped, destroyed, exhausted”) + अङ्ग (aṅga, “body”).


cenderasa

From Malay cenderasa (“magical sword”), from Sanskrit चन्द्रहास (candrahāsa, “name of the Ravana sword”, literally “the laughter of the moon”).


cenderawasih

cêndêrawasih (canonical)
cenderawasih-cenderawasih (plural)

From Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra, “moon, glittering, shinning”) + वाशी (vāśī, “roar, cry”).


cengkerama

From Malay cengkerama, from Sanskrit चङ्क्रम (caṅkrama, “going, moving, walking”).


cengkerawak

From Malay cengkerawak, from Sanskrit चक्रवाक (cakravāka, “ruddy goose”).

Trachycomus zeylanicus, Pycnonotus zeylanicus.


georadar

(mining) georadar, ground-penetrating radar


cipta

From Malay cipta, cita, from Javanese [Term?], from Pali citta, from Sanskrit चित्त (citta). Doublet of cita.


curiga

From Malay curiga, from Sanskrit छुरिका (churikā, “knive”).
* Hoogervorst (2007) propose semantic loan from Old Javanese culika, which based on Sanskrit क्षुल्लक (kṣullaka, “wicked, vile”).


curiga

Saya curiga dia yang curi uang.


sangsi

From Pali saṃsaya (“doubt”), from Sanskrit संशय (saṃśaya, “doubt; uncertainty; irresolution; hesitation”). Cognate with Khmer សង្ស័យ (sɑɑsɑngsay), Lao ສົງໃສ (song sai), Thai สงสัย (sǒng-sǎi).


sanksi

From Dutch sanctie (“sanction”), from French sanction, from Middle French [Term?], from Latin sānctiō.


dadih

From Malay dadih (“curd”), from Sanskrit दधि (dadhi, “coagulated milk, thick and sour milk”).


daitia

From Sanskrit दैत्य (daitya, “demon, liquor”, literally “son of Diti”). Cognate of Balinese ᬤᬿᬢ᭄ᬬ (“giant”).


derita

From Malay derita, from Sanskrit दरित (darita, “torn”).


angsana

From Malay angsana, from Sanskrit असन (asana). Doublet of asana.

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual


kursus

From Dutch cursus (“course”), from Latin cursus. Doublet of kurs.


kuwu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦸꦮꦸ (kuwu, “village head, village messenger; to camp”), from Old Javanese kuwu (“dwelling, housing, quarter, lodging; encampment, tent; residence; administrative division under a kuwu, akuwu; leader of such administrative division”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kubu (“field hut in the rice fields”). Doublet of kubu.


digdaya

From Sanskrit दिग्जय (digjaya, “conquest of all directions”).


satuan

From Malay satuan. Equivalent to satu + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch eenheid for science sense.

(sciences) a standard measure of a quantity.

an organized group comprising people and/or equipment.


konsistori

From Dutch consistorie, from Late Latin consistorium (“waiting room, meeting place of the imperial council”).

consistory,
(Christianity) church council.

(Catholicism) an assembly of prelates; a session of the college of cardinals at Rome.


kehausan

The condition producing the sensation of thirst.


gembok

induk kunci (“mangga”)


lansia

Blend of lanjut (“proceed”) + usia (“age”)


supir

informal spelling of sopir (“chauffeur; driver”).


paspor

From Dutch paspoort, from Middle Dutch passepoort, from Middle French passeport.


jasad

From Malay jasad, from Arabic جَسَد (jasad, “body; corpse”).


Armeni

(obsolete) A person from Armenia or of Armenian descent; Armenian.


jemaah

jêmaah (canonical)
jemaah-jemaah (plural)

From Malay jemaah, from Arabic جَمَاعَة (jamāʕa). Doublet of jemaat.


baginda

Affixed *bagi + -anda, from Malay baginda, from Classical Malay baginda (“his majesty”), from Old Malay baginda. Probably from Sanskrit भाग्य (bhāgya).

he, she (honorific, usually used for monarch)


tempayan

Inherited from Malay tempayan, nasalization of tapaian. Equivalent to tapai + -an.

large, wide-mouthed earthenware or stoneware jar


cinta satu malam

cinta (“love”) + satu (“one”) + malam (“night”), literally “one night's love”, calque of English one-night stand. Coined in the 2009 song Cinta satu malam sang by Melinda.


dikotomi

Borrowed from Dutch dichotomie, from French dichotomie, from Ancient Greek διχοτομία (dikhotomía).


tutur

Inherited from Malay tutur, from Proto-Malayic *tutur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutur (“to speak clearly and deliberately”).

inh

(uncountable) the ability to speak; the faculty of uttering words or articulate sounds and vocalizations to communicate

(uncountable) the act of speaking, a certain style of it

(linguistics) parole: language in use, as opposed to language as a system.


jintan

From Malay jintan, from Old Javanese jinten ~ ginten, from Hindi जीरा (jīrā, “cumin”), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀻𑀭𑀕 (jīraga), from Sanskrit जीरक (jīraka).


cetiya

Learned borrowing from Pali cetiya, from Sanskrit चैत्य (caitya).

(Buddhism) cetiya: places used by Buddhists to remember Gautama Buddha.


donasi

From Dutch donatie (“donation”), from Middle French donation, from Latin dōnātiōnem, accusative singular of dōnātiō.


takal

From Dutch takel, from Middle Dutch takel.


MPR

Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat
w:id:Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat

(government, politics) Initialism of Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat.


akali

head

akali (active mengakali, passive diakali, perfective passive terakali)

mengakali (active)
diakali (passive)
terakali (passive perfective)


beres

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦺꦫꦺꦱ꧀ (bèrès, “settled”), probably derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *b(i)ːris.


pendahuluan

pêndahuluan (canonical)
pendahuluan-pendahuluan (plural)

Affixed dahulu + peng- -an, Inherited from Malay pendahuluan.

foreword: an introductory section preceding the main text of a book or other document; a preface or introduction, especially written by publisher or editor.

preface: the beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, especially written by the author.

introduction: an initial section of a book or article, which introduces the subject material.

prelude: an introductory or preliminary performance or event.


himpun

himpun (root)
berhimpun (active)
terhimpun (active involuntary)
dihimpun (active involuntary passive)
himpun (active)
himpunlah (active)
menghimpunkan (active applicative causative)
terhimpunkan (applicative causative)
dihimpunkan (applicative causative passive)
himpunkan (applicative causative)
himpunkanlah (applicative causative)
memperhimpunkan (active applicative causative)
terperhimpunkan (applicative causative)
diperhimpunkan (applicative causative passive)
perhimpunkan (applicative causative)
perhimpunkanlah (applicative causative)
himpun (root)
menghimpun (active)
terhimpun (active involuntary)
dihimpun (active involuntary passive)
himpun (active)
himpunlah (active)
menghimpunkan (active applicative causative)
terhimpunkan (applicative causative)
dihimpunkan (applicative causative passive)
himpunkan (applicative causative)
himpunkanlah (applicative causative)
memperhimpunkan (active applicative causative)
terperhimpunkan (applicative causative)
diperhimpunkan (applicative causative passive)
perhimpunkan (applicative causative)
perhimpunkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay himpun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qi(m)pun. Cognate to Tagalog ipon.


makhluk

From Malay makhluk, from Arabic مَخْلُوق (maḵlūq, “creature”).


makhluk halus

makhluk (“creature, being”) + halus (“invisible”)


peran

beam connecting the posts of the house above, on which the rafters rest.


tembikai

têmbikai (canonical)
tembikai-tembikai (plural)

From Malay tembikai, metathesis of mendikai, borrowed from Tamil கொம்மட்டிக்காய் (kommaṭṭikkāy), related to கொம்மட்டி (kommaṭṭi). Mostly replaced by semangka.

bor

கொம்மட்டிக்காய்

Tamil கொம்மட்டிக்காய் (kommaṭṭikkāy)


gaung

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="id">gaung</i>

a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

an utterance repeating what has just been said.

(computing) the displaying on the command line of the command that has just been executed.


putus asa

(intransitive) to be hopeless, to despair


toksikologi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch toxicologie (compare Afrikaans toksikologie), from French toxicologie.

toxicology: The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.


salah paham

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mey-?
Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂-der.
Proto-Germanic *missaz
Proto-Germanic *missa-
Old Dutch mis-
Middle Dutch mis-
Dutch mis-
Middle Dutch ver-
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-?
Proto-Germanic *stāną
Proto-West Germanic *stān
Old Dutch stān
Middle Dutch stâen
Middle Dutch verstaen
Dutch verstaan
Dutch misverstaancalq.
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq
Proto-Malayic *salah
Malay salah
Indonesian salah
Arabic فَهْم (fahm)bor.
Malay faham
Indonesian paham
Indonesian salah paham
salah (“wrong”) + paham (“understand”)


bersalah

From Malay bersalah, from Classical Malay bersalah. Equivalent to
ber- + salah.


bersalahan

(intransitive) to be different from one another, to contradict each other

(intransitive) to disagree, to be in discord

(intransitive, figurative) to be unwell, unhealthy


mempersalah

From memper- + salah. Attested before 1921.


lintasan

(Standard Malay)

(biochemistry) A sequence of biochemical compounds, and the reactions linking them, that describe a process in metabolism or catabolism.


demosi

Borrowed from Dutch demotie (“demotion”), from English demotion.


ketika

From Malay ketika, from Sanskrit घटिक (ghaṭika, “a period of time”).


bercinta

Inherited from Malay bercinta,
from Classical Malay bercinta. Equivalent to ber- + cinta. The sense “to make love” is perhaps a semantic loan from English make love.

(intransitive, euphemistic) to make love (to engage in sexual intercourse)


jalanan

a paved part of road, usually in a village or a town

a road as above, but including the sidewalks (pavements) and buildings


jalanan

head

jalanan (comparative lebih jalanan, superlative paling jalanan)

lebih jalanan (comparative)
paling jalanan (superlative)

Musik jalanan

street (having street cred; conforming to modern urban trends)


jalan buntu

(literal) dead end, cul-de-sac, blind alley.


kuldesak

kuldêsak (canonical)
kuldesak-kuldesak (plural)


lawazim

From Arabic لَوَازِم (lawāzim), plural form of لَازِم (lāzim). Doublet of lazim.


lekum

From Malay lekum (“throat”), a variant of halkum, from Arabic حُلْقُوم (ḥulqūm, “throat; windpipe; esophagus”). Doublet of jakun.


menaruh

From Malay menaruh (“to put”), from Classical Malay menaruh. Equivalent to meng- + taruh.


dsb.

dan sebagainya
dan sebagainya#Indonesian

Abbreviation of dan sebagainya: etc., and so on, and so forth


nasib

From Malay nasib, from Classical Malay nasib, from Arabic نَصِيب (naṣīb). Cognate with Hindi नसीब (nasīb).


ogut

Learned borrowing from Betawi Udik ogut (“I, me”).

lbor

(Jakarta, dated) First-person singular pronoun: I, me, my


mbak

From Javanese [Term?], from Old Javanese [Term?].

(formal) Second-person female singular pronoun: you, your, yours


abjadiah

From Arabic أَبْجَدِيَّة (ʔabjadiyya), feminine singular of أَبْجَدِيّ (ʔabjadiyy). Equivalent to abjad + -i.

der

أَبْجَدِيَّة


alfabetis

From Dutch alfabetisch (“alphabetical”).


didong

(colloquial) white man, especially European


sampeyan

(Central & East Java, formal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


coen

(Java, slang) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


aliansi

From Dutch alliantie (“alliance”), from Middle Dutch alliancie, from Middle French alliance, from Old French aliance. Cognate of French alliance.

(politics) alliance:
the state of being allied.

(politics) alliance:
the act of allying or uniting.

a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league.

any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.


pakai

Ide mulai mundar mandir di kepala. Mau menulis tak punya mesin ketik. Akhirnya saya tulis pakai pena di atas kertas folio bergaris.

The idea began to go back and forth in the head. I wanted to write but had no typewriter. Finally, I wrote with a pen on lined folio paper.

marks instrumental object; can be translated as 'with' or 'by'


memakai

From Malay memakai, from Classical Malay memakai, equivalent to meng- + pakai.

to wear; to put on (clothes, necklace, etc.)


uang muka

Compound of uang (“money”) + muka (“face, front”), calque from Hokkien 前金 (chêng-kim, chiân-kim, “advance/initial payment”, literally “front + money”).


kematian

the cessation of life and all associated processes; the end of an organism's existence as an entity independent from its environment and its return to an inert, nonliving state


kematian

(intransitive, obsolete) to suffer because of someone's death


jelita

From Sanskrit ललित (lalita) or ज्वलित (jvalita, “shining, blazing”).


tumpah

tumpah (root)
bertumpah (active)
tertumpah (active involuntary)
ditumpah (active involuntary passive)
tumpah (active)
tumpahlah (active)
menumpahkan (active applicative causative)
tertumpahkan (applicative causative)
ditumpahkan (applicative causative passive)
tumpahkan (applicative causative)
tumpahkanlah (applicative causative)
mempertumpahkan (active applicative causative)
terpertumpahkan (applicative causative)
dipertumpahkan (applicative causative passive)
pertumpahkan (applicative causative)
pertumpahkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay tumpah, ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumpaq.

Indonesia, tanah airku
Tanah tumpah darahku

1924, Wage Rudolf Soepratman (lyrics and music), “Indonesia Raya (National Anthem of Indonesia)”:

Indonesia, my homeland
The land where I shed my blood


berdiri

to support oneself on the feet in an erect position

to be placed in an upright or vertical orientation

(figuratively) to back or favor a cause, party, etc., mentally or with concrete aid; to support

to stand up (to rise from a lying or sitting position)

to start (an institution or organization)


berdiri

(figuratively, used in the middle of a sentence) independent (not depending on something else)


berseru

From Malay berseru,
from Classical Malay berseru. Equivalent to ber- + seru.


semuanya

Third-person singular possessive form of semua.


melaut

From Malay melaut, from Classical Malay melaut. Equivalent to meng- + laut.


terbaik

superlative degree of baik: best; kindest; nicest


trayek

From Dutch traject, from Latin trājectus, from trājicēre.


tampang

(archaic) centerline, diameter, midline.


sebelum

Affixed se- + belum (“not yet”), from Malay sebelum.


bidak

From Malay bidak, from Arabic بَيْدَق (baydaq, “pawn in chess”). Doublet of piadah.


jerami

jêrami (canonical)
jerami-jerami (plural)

Inherited from Malay jerami, from Classical Malay جرامي (jĕrami), from Proto-Malayic *jaramiʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀami, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀami (“rice straw”).


berhenti

From Malay berhenti, from Classical Malay berhenti. Equivalent to ber- + henti.

to cease; to no longer continue (doing something).

to quit, to give up, to desist, to resign


berubah

head

berubah or bêrubah (root imperative ubah, rubah, active transitive mengubah, merubah, active intransitive berubah, ordinary passive diubah, dirubah, adversative passive terubah)

berubah (canonical)
bêrubah (canonical)
ubah (imperative root)
rubah (imperative root)
mengubah (active transitive)
merubah (active transitive)
berubah (active intransitive)
dirubah (active intransitive)

Affixed ber- + ubah, from Malay berubah, from Classical Malay berubah.


bersaing

to be in battle or in a rivalry with another for the same thing, position, or reward; to contend

to take part in a contest, game or similar event


berkunjung

Affixed ber- + kunjung, inherited from Malay berkunjung, from Classical Malay berkunjung.

(transitive) to visit, to see, to pay a visit


berkembang

Affixed ber- + kembang, inherited from Malay berkembang, from Classical Malay berkembang (“to bloom”).


berkumpul

From Malay berkumpul,
from Classical Malay berkumpul. Equivalent to ber- + kumpul.


gelita

From Malay gelita (“dark”), from Sanskrit गलित (galita, “waning, lost, perished”).


berharap

From Malay berharap,
from Classical Malay berharap. Equivalent to ber- + harap.


bermain

Inherited from Malay bermain. Equivalent to ber- + main.

Sore ini aku mau keluar bermain dengan teman-temanku.

This afternoon I will go out to play with my friends.

Tadi dia bermain bola di lapangan.

He was playing football on the field earlier.


rahmat

From Malay rahmat, from Arabic رَحْمَة (raḥma).


gaharu

From Malay gaharu (“agarwood”), from Pali agaru (“agarwood”), from Sanskrit अगुरु (aguru, “agarwood”).


galuh

From Malay galuh,
from Classical Malay galuh, from Sanskrit गलू (galū, “gem”).


usia

From Malay usia, from Classical Malay usia, from Sanskrit आयुष्य (āyuṣya, “life, lifespan”).


kekal

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kekal</i>


memimpin

Affixed meng- + pimpin, from Malay memimpin, from Classical Malay memimpin.

to guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing, influencing, directing with authority, etc.; to have precedence or preeminence; to be first or chief.

to guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; to guide somebody somewhere or to bring somebody somewhere by means of instructions.

to be ahead of others, to have the highest interim score in a game.

to serve as a guide for someone or something; to lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path.

to supervise the education or training of someone

to come at the beginning of; to commence

to direct:
to manage, to control, to steer.

to point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to order.


selamatkan

to help someone survive, or rescue someone

(theology) to redeem or protect someone from eternal damnation


gempita

From Malay gempita, from Sanskrit कम्पित (kampita, “shaking; trembling”).


prabu

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦧꦸ (prabu), from Old Javanese prabhu, from Sanskrit प्रभु (prabhu).


gulana

From Malay gulana, from Sanskrit ग्लान (glāna, “wearied”). Doublet of gelana.


irama

From Malay irama (“rhythm”), from Javanese [Term?], from Sanskrit विराम (virāma).


membuat

From Malay membuat, from Classical Malay membuat. Equivalent to meng- + buat.

Saya butuh sedikit garam untuk membuat sayur ini.

I need a little of salt to make this dish.

(transitive) to make
to create, to produce, to fabricate


mendorong

(transitive, figuratively) to encourage, to stimulate, to urge, to motivate


menjadi

From Malay menjadi, from Classical Malay menjadi. Equivalent to meng- + jadi.


menjual

From Malay menjual, from Classical Malay menjual. Equivalent to meng- + jual.

Aku dengar ia telah menjual rumahnya.

(transitive, inanimate) to sell, to market


mencoba

From Malay mencoba, mencuba, from Classical Malay mencoba, mencuba. Equivalent to meng- + coba.

(transitive) to try
To attempt; to endeavour

(transitive) to try
To test, to work out.
To make an experiment.

(transitive) to try
To test, to work out.
To put to test.

(transitive) to try
To test, to work out.
To taste, sample, etc.

To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test.

(transitive) to try
To experiment, to strive.
To work on something.


memesan

From Malay memesan, from Classical Malay memesan. Equivalent to meng- + pesan.

Apakah kamu memesan pizza?

(transitive) to order (to request a service)


menolak

From Malay menolak, from Classical Malay menolak. Equivalent to meng- + tolak.

(transitive) to reject, to refuse, to decline


FIP

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu pendidikan.


gebetan

Borrowed from Betawi gèbètan (“girlfriend or boyfriend”). Equivalent to gebet + -an.

bor+

Dia sudah punya gebetan

(colloquial) Crush. An infatuation with somebody one is not dating.


MBO

mati batang otak
mati batang otak#Indonesian

(neurology) Initialism of mati batang otak (“brainstem death”).


seseorang

someone (one or some person of unspecified identity)


seseorang

someone (a partially specified but unnamed person)


ketiduran

tidur + ke- -an (“involuntary verb-forming circumfix”).

af

(intransitive) to accidentally fall asleep (to accidentally pass from a state of wakefulness into sleep)


ketiduran

tidur + ke- -an (“abstract noun-forming circumfix”).

(obsolete) synonym of tempat tidur (“bed; bedroom”)


penidur

(informal) sleepyhead (a sleepy person; a person who likes or falls asleep easily)


penidur

obat penidur.

sleeping (used for sleep; used to produce sleep)


tertidur

(intransitive) to fall asleep (to pass from a state of wakefulness into sleep)

(intransitive, specifically) to accidentally fall asleep


tertidur

asleep (in a state of sleep; also, broadly, resting)


tanah air

A dvandva compound of tanah (“land”) + air (“water”), literally “land (and) water”, from Malay tanah air. A similar conjoining pattern can be found with palu arit.


timbrung

to join in, to take part (in something unasked)


KU

(healthcare) Initialism of keadaan umum (“general appearance”).

(healthcare) Initialism of kondisi umum (“general appearance”).


runding

Inherited from Malay runding, from Dutch ronding, afronding (“rounding off”).


preman

prèman (canonical)
preman-preman (plural)

→ English: preman


diriku

(with the prepositons 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam') me

(nonstandard, used in a non-reflexive way) I, me


berdua

From Malay berdua,
from Classical Malay berdua. Equivalent to ber- + dua.


filsafat

From Arabic فَلْسَفَات (falsafāt), plural of فَلْسَفَة (falsafa). First vowel changed influenced by filosofi.

philosophy (view regarding fundamental principles)


penjual

From Malay penjual,
from Classical Malay penjual. Equivalent to peng- + jual.


pemberontakan

Affixed berontak + peng- -an, from Malay pemberontakan.

mutiny, rebellion, insurgence, insurrection, uprising, revolt


lemari es

lêmari ès (canonical)
lemari-lemari es (plural)

From compound of lemari + es, from calque of Dutch ijskast (“refrigerator”, literally “ice cupboard”). Cognate of Indonesian eskas and peti es.


lampiran

Affixed lampir + -an, from Malay lampiran (“appendix”).
* Semantic loan from English attachment for computer sense.

Map lamaran beserta lampiran dimasukkan ke dalam amplop warna coklat.

the means by which something is physically attached.

Gambar peniti kecil di samping status email menunjukkan masih ada lampiran yang belum Anda buka loh!

Jika Anda tidak mengenal orang yang mengirimi Anda lampiran dalam emailnya, jangan buka lampiran tersebut.

(computing) a file sent along with an email.

attachment
a file sent along with an email.

Denah dan tata ruang gedung secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat pada lampiran analisis kelayakan ini.

appendix: a text added to the end of a book or an article, containing additional information.

Portofolio merupakan lampiran dari rapor.

supplementary, ancillary, secondary, supplement.


pengalaman

pêngalaman (canonical)
pengalaman-pengalaman (plural)

alam + peng- -an, from Malay pengalaman.


perlembagaan

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Affixed lembaga + per- -an, from Malay perlembagaan.

(archaic, law) constitution: the formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.


seni bina

Compound of seni (“art”) + bina (“develop”), inherited from Malay seni bina (“architecture”), probably calque of Dutch bouwstijl (“architecture”, literally “style, fashion of building”).


buku pelajaran

id-noun

buku pelajaran (plural buku-buku pelajaran)

Compound buku (“book”) + pelajaran (“lesson”), partial calque from Dutch studieboek or leerboek.


ujian

Affixed uji + -an, inherited from Malay ujian.

(education) examination: A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester.


gejala

gêjala (canonical)
gejala-gejala (plural)

phenomena, phenomenon: a thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses.


emban

Affixed heban (“to grab with both hands”) + -em-, from Malay emban, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həban, from Proto-Austronesian *SəbaN (“carry a child with a carrying cloth”).
* The sense of nursemaid is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ (emban, “nursemaid”), cf. Old Javanese ĕmban, hĕmban (“that which carries or encloses; assistant and guardian”), more likely have same source as Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həban with infix -em-.


jelata

* From Sanskrit जनता (janatā, “people, folk, generation”).
* After infixed by *jata + -el-, from Sanskrit जात (jāta, “birth, origin, race”). Doublet of jadi, jata, and jati.


jelma

From infix-ed form *jamma + -el-, from Prakrit 𑀚𑀫𑁆𑀫 (jamma), from Sanskrit जन्म (janma). Compare to Balinese ᬚᭂᬍᬫ (jelema, “people, human”).


jentera

jêntêra (canonical)
jentera-jentera (plural)

Inherited from Malay jentera, from Sanskrit यन्त्र (yantra).


karsa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦂꦱ (karsa, “intention”), from Old Javanese karsa, kaharṣa (“desire, wish; desired”).


karunia

From Malay karunia, from Classical Malay karunia (“grace”), from Sanskrit कारुण्य (kāruṇya, “compassion”).


aktivisme

aktivismê (canonical)
aktivisme-aktivisme (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch activisme (“activism”). Reconstructed as aktif + -isme.

bor+

(politics) the practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue.

(art) the medium of visual art as a method of social or political commentary utilization.


krida

From Javanese ꦏꦿꦶꦝ (kridha, “pleasure, amusement; practice, training”), from Old Javanese krīḍā (“sport, play”), from Sanskrit क्रीडा (krīḍā). Cognate of Balinese ᬓ᭄ᬭᬷᬥᬵ (krida).


nestapa

nêstapa (canonical)
nestapa-nestapa (plural)

From Malay nestapa, from Old Javanese nastapa, manastāpa (Javanese ꦤꦱ꧀ꦠꦥ (nastapa)), from Sanskrit मनस्ताप (manastāpa, “anguish, repentance”).


kusuma

From Javanese ꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩ (kusuma), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀲𑀼𑀫 (kusuma), from Sanskrit कुसुम (kusuma, “flower, blossom, bud”).


laksana

Inherited from Malay laksana, from Sanskrit लक्षण (lakṣaṇa, “characteristic, trait”).
* The senses of action, doing, performing are semantic loan from Old Javanese lakṣaṇa (“action, doing”), from the same Sanskrit word.

sl

(archaeology) the characteristic of a statue.


zat asam

Compound of zat + asam (“acid”), calque of Dutch zuurstof (“oxygen”, literally “acid matter”).


zat asam

Semantic loan from English acidic substance with compound zat (“substance”) + asam (“acid”).


zat arang

Compound word of zat (“matter”) + arang (“coal”), from calque of Dutch koolstof (“carbon”, literally “coal matter”).


menghukumkan

(transitive) to put into the law, to legislate

(transitive) to decide according to the shari'a


penghukuman

head

pênghukuman (plural penghukuman-penghukuman, first-person possessive penghukumanku, second-person possessive penghukumanmu, third-person possessive penghukumannya)

pênghukuman (canonical)
penghukuman-penghukuman (plural)
penghukumanku (first-person possessive)
penghukumanmu (possessive second-person)
penghukumannya (possessive third-person)


terhukum

(intransitive) to be punished, to be penalized


terhukum

têrhukum (plural terhukum-terhukum, first-person possessive terhukumku, second-person possessive terhukummu, third-person possessive terhukumnya)

têrhukum (canonical)
terhukum-terhukum (plural)
terhukumku (first-person possessive)
terhukummu (possessive second-person)
terhukumnya (possessive third-person)


tiko

Namun setelah mendengar caciannya semakin parah dengan menyebut “Dasar pribumi, Tiko”, gubernur yang hafal al-Quran itu pun berniat melaporkan Steven.
However, after hearing his worsening slurs by exclaiming "You pribumi, Tiko," the Koran-knowing governor also intended to report Steven.

(derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) an Indonesian person of native origin; pribumi


agnostisisme

From Dutch agnosticisme, from French agnosticisme, from English agnosticism.


avionika

Borrowed from Dutch avionica (“avionics”).

bor+

the science and technology of the development and use of electrical and electronic devices in aviation.

(aviation) avionics:
the devices used in avionics.


lembar

From Malay lembar, from Javanese lembar.


gerakan

gerak + -an, inherited from Malay gerakan.

physical motion between points in space.

a trend in various fields or social categories, a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals.


turunan

Affixed turun (“descent”) + -an, inherited from Malay turunan, from, Classical Malay turunan (“descendant”). The sense “derivative” is a semantic loan from English derivative.

(informal) descendants of national and foreigner; crossbreed.

descent
Lineage or hereditary derivation

(calculus) The derived function of a function (the slope at a certain point on some curve f(x)).

(calculus) The value of this function for a given value of its independent variable.

(chemistry) A chemical derived from another.

derivative:
A chemical derived from another.

(linguistics) A word that derives from another one.

derivative:
A word that derives from another one.

(calculus) differential: an infinitesimal change in a variable, or the result of differentiation.


kemiringan

kêmiringan (canonical)
kemiringan-kemiringan (plural)

(mathematics) gradient, slope: a line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line.

(geology) dip: The angle from horizontal of a planar geologic surface, such as a fault line.


percepatan

The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration.

(classical mechanics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).

(Standard Malay)

(education) the advancement of students at a rate that places them ahead of where they would be in the regular school curriculum.


swarga

alternative spelling of surga (“heaven”)


kuasa

From Malay kuasa, ke- + *wasa, from Javanese ꦏꦸꦮꦱ (kuwasa), ꦏꦮꦱ (kawasa), from Old Javanese kawaśa, from Sanskrit वश (vaśa, “authority, power, control, dominion”).

der

power:
the ability to do or undergo something.

the ability to coerce, influence or control.

(statistics) the probability that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

(physics) force (anything that has the power to produce a physical effect)


pungkir

Back-formation from memungkiri. Originally from Arabic مُنْكِر (munkir, “the one who denies”).

bor

Uang bukanlah segalanya. Namun, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa tidak ada yang dapat dilakukan pada jaman sekarang tanpa kehadiran uang.

Money isn't everything. However, it cannot be denied that there is nothing that can be done in present times without availability of money.

Nonstandard form of mungkir (“to deny”).


bayangkan

bayang (root)
membayangi (active locative)
terbayangi (involuntary locative)
dibayangi (involuntary locative passive)
bayangi (locative)
bayangilah (locative)
membayangkan (active applicative causative)
terbayangkan (applicative causative)
dibayangkan (applicative causative passive)
bayangkan (applicative causative)
bayangkanlah (applicative causative)
memperbayang (active causative)
terperbayang (active causative involuntary)
diperbayang (active causative involuntary passive)
perbayangkan (active causative)
perbayanglah (active causative)
memperbayangi (active causative locative)
terperbayangi (causative involuntary locative)
diperbayangi (causative involuntary locative passive)
perbayangi (causative locative)
perbayangilah (causative locative)
memperbayangkan (active applicative causative)
terperbayangkan (applicative causative)
diperbayangkan (applicative causative passive)
perbayangkan (applicative causative)
perbayangkanlah (applicative causative)

Sulit dibayangkan alasan mengapa selembar kertas bisa dianggap memiliki nilai yang sama dengan seekor kambing, misalnya, atau sebuah layar televisi.

It's hard to imagine the reason why a piece of paper could be considered to have the same value as a goat, for example, or a television screen.


berkenan

Affixed kenan + ber-, inherited from Malay berkenan.


bermuka dua

From Malay bermuka dua, from Classical Malay bermuka dua. Equivalent to
bermuka + dua.


kusala

kusala kusala (canonical)
kusala-kusala (plural)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुशल (kuśala). Coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono in 2007.


monggo

(dialectal, Java) please (when offering)


dakwa

From Malay dakwa, from Arabic دَعْوَى (daʕwā).


baroe

(1901–1947) Superseded spelling of baru.


nopek

From Betawi/Batavia Malay nopek, from Hokkien, specifically Zhangzhou Hokkien 兩百 /两百 (nō͘-peeh), from 兩 /两 (nō͘, “two”) + 百 (peeh, “hundred”).


dalih

Inherited from Malay dalih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dalih (“be the reason for an action”).

inh

Pungutan itu dilakukan dengan dalih untuk dana kesejahteraan

The levy was carried out under the pretext of welfare funds


terka

head

têrka (base-imperative terka, active menerka, ordinary passive diterka)

From Sanskrit तर्क (tarka, “reasoning, speculation, inquiry”).


gede

From Betawi gedé, from Javanese ꦒꦼꦣꦺ (gedhé), from Old Javanese gĕḍe.


semir

* From Dutch smeer (“smear, a fat substance”), from Proto-Germanic *smirwijaną. Cognate with English smear.
* For the sense “bribe”, cf. Dutch smeergeld (“bribe”).

smear, a fat substance, such as shoe polish and machine lubrication.


Yeremia

(Christianity, Judaism) Jeremiah (book of the Bible)


edaran

something circulated
short for surat edaran.


pirang

Inherited from Malay pérang (“brown”), possibly from Persian افرنگ (“Frank, any white European”), from Old French franc. Doublet of Prancis (“French”).

pirang:

blond, of a pale yellowish (golden brown) color.


kepala sekolah

Compound of kepala (“head”) + sekolah (“school”), calque of Dutch schoolhoofd (“headteacher, principal”, literally “school head”).


hopagen

hopagèn (canonical)
hopagen-hopagen (plural)

From Dutch, from hoofd (“head”) + agent (“agent”).


uskup agung

Compound of uskup + agung. Attested before 1964.


kata hubung

Inherited from Malay kata hubung, from kata (“word”) + hubung (”to connect”). Equivalent to kata + hubung.

conjunction (a word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences, with the meaning used to show how the two joined parts are related)


tambak

Inherited from Malay tambak (“embankment, dyke; banking, filling, levelling up, reclamation; causeway”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambak.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ (tambak, “fish pond; dyke”).


tambak

a snapper, of species Lutjanus vaigiensis


warita

From Old Javanese wrĕta, wṛtta (“metre; event; rumour, news”), from Sanskrit वृत्त (vṛtta). Doublet of berita, warta, urit, and urita.


kontak

From Dutch contact (compare Afrikaans kontak), from French contact, from Latin contactus.

the establishment of communication or relation.

the establishment of electrical connection.

(colloquial) someone with whom one is in communication.

(medicine) association with a patient with a contagious disease (and so the contacted person may carry the infection).

(Standard Malay)

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) a device designed for repetitive connections.

engagement: in any situation of conflict, an actual instance of active hostilities.


kontak

(colloquial) to have engagement, instance of active hostilities.


kenan

Affixed kena (“to hit”) + -an, inherited from Malay kenan. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ (kena, “able; can, allowed; succeed”, literally “hit, struck”) for sense related to agreement, approval; pleasure.


tituler

From Dutch titulair, from French titulaire, from Latin titulāris, from titulus (“title”).

titular: existing in name only; nominal.


asasi

From Malay asasi, from Arabic أَسَاسِيّ (ʔasāsiyy). By surface analysis, asas + -i


swatantra

From Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (swatantra), from Old Javanese swatantra (“self-dependence, independence”), from Sanskrit स्वतन्त्र (svatantra).

der

daerah swatantra
daerah swatantra#Indonesian

(dated, historical) ellipsis of daerah swatantra (“autonomous area”).


loji

From Dutch loge, from French loge. Doublet of loge.


bingar

(dialect) indifferent to the interlocutor.


kawasan

Inherited from Malay kawasan, from Classical Malay kawasan (“area”), from Javanese ꦏꦮꦱꦤ꧀ (kawasan, “authorised area”), from Old Javanese kawaśan (“dominion”), from Sanskrit वश (vaśa, “authority, power, control, dominion”). Equivalent to kuasa + -an.

, rantau (Standard Malay)

(geography) region: Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons.

area, zone: a given area distinguished on the basis of a particular characteristic, use, restriction, etc.


khusus

From Malay khusus, from Classical Malay khusus, from Arabic خُصُوص (ḵuṣūṣ, “particularity, speciality, specialty, peculiarity”).


zakar

From Malay zakar, from Arabic ذَكَر (ḏakar).


lajur

(road transport) lane (a lengthwise division of roadway intended for a single line of vehicles)

column (a body of text meant to be read line by line, especially in printed material that has multiple adjacent such on a single page)

lajur jenuh


menurunkan

turun (root)
menuruni (active locative)
terturuni (involuntary locative)
dituruni (involuntary locative passive)
turuni (locative)
turunilah (locative)
menurunkan (active applicative causative)
terturunkan (applicative causative)
diturunkan (applicative causative passive)
turunkan (applicative causative)
turunkanlah (applicative causative)
memperturun (active causative)
terperturun (active causative involuntary)
diperturun (active causative involuntary passive)
perturunkan (active causative)
perturunlah (active causative)
memperturuni (active causative locative)
terperturuni (causative involuntary locative)
diperturuni (causative involuntary locative passive)
perturuni (causative locative)
perturunilah (causative locative)
memperturunkan (active applicative causative)
terperturunkan (applicative causative)
diperturunkan (applicative causative passive)
perturunkan (applicative causative)
perturunkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay menurunkan,
from Classical Malay menurunkan. Equivalent to
turun + meng- -kan.

to drop off (to allow passengers to alight)


rambu

rambu larangan


kurung

Inherited from Malay kurung, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ.


selak

head

selak (base, imperative & colloquial selak, active menyelak, ordinary passive diselak, adversative passive terselak)

& colloquial selak (imperative)
menyelak (active)

Inherited from Malay selak, from Classical Malay sila, from Sanskrit शील (śīla, “conduct, beauty, form, virtue”). Doublet of sila.


selak

Inherited from Malay selak borrowed from Hindi सलाख (salākh, “iron bar; rod”), from Sanskrit शलाका (śalākā).


selak

head

sêlak (base, imperative & colloquial selak, active menyelak, ordinary passive diselak, adversative passive terselak)

sêlak (canonical)
& colloquial selak (imperative)
menyelak (active)

Borrowed from Betawi [Term?], from Javanese ꦱꦼꦭꦏ꧀, ꦱꦼꦊꦏ꧀ (selak, selek, “on the verge of, about to”, literally “to be choking”), from Old Javanese sĕlĕk, slĕk (literally “choke”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cʔə(ə)ʔ ~ *cʔə(ə)k ~ *cʔak (“to hiccough, belch”) (compare to Khmer ត្អើក (tʼaək, “hiccup”), Vietnamese nấc (“to hiccup”).

der

ꦱꦼꦭꦏ꧀, ꦱꦼꦊꦏ꧀

(dialect) to be choked: having been unable to breathe due to airway obstruction (choking) or strangulation, but usually to the point of pain and discomfort without death.


ayom

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦪꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (ayom, “shady, shaded; protected”), from Old Javanese ayĕm, ayöm, ayum (“in the cool, in the shade”).


warganet

Blend of warga (citizen) + internet (internet), calque of English netizen.

blend

(computing) A member of the community of Internet users; netizen.


zeni

From Dutch genie. Doublet of enjin, insinyur, and genius.

combat engineer, a soldier who performs a variety of construction and demolition tasks under combat conditions.


tumbuhan air

Compound of tumbuhan (“tree”) + air (“water”)

(botany) hydrophyte (a plant that lives in water)


layang

Inherited from Malay layang (“to fly”), from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaŋ (“to fly, soar through the air”).

inh

jalan layang

(only in compounds) elevated: raised, above ground level.


layang

clipping of pelayangan (“ship; crossing point”)


daun koka

coca leaf, the leaf of (Erythroxylum coca)


daun buah

(botany) carpel, one of the individual female reproductive organs in a flower.


melurus

From meng- + lurus. Attested before 1959.

(now rare) To be straight, become straight, straighten.


absolusi

→ Malay: absolusi

From Dutch absolutie (“absolution”), from Middle Dutch absolucie, from Latin absolūtiō.

(Catholicism) absolution, absolving or setting free from guilt, sin or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.


devosi

From Dutch devotie, from Middle Dutch devotie, from Old French devotion, from Latin dēvōtiō.

(Catholicism) devotion, religious veneration, zeal, or piety.


ekaristi

èkaristi (canonical)
ekaristi-ekaristi (plural)

From Dutch eucharistie, from Old French, from Ecclesiastical Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía, “gratitude, giving of thanks”).

der

(Christianity) The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion.

(by extension) A Christian religious service in which this sacrament is enacted.

The substances received during this sacrament, namely the bread and wine, seen as Christ’s body and blood.


merek

From Dutch merk (“mark, brand”), from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”), from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”). Doublet of markah.

(commerce) brand (product identity), trademark.


jahit

jahit (root)
menjahit (active)
terjahit (active involuntary)
dijahit (active involuntary passive)
jahit (active)
jahitlah (active)
menjahiti (active locative)
terjahiti (involuntary locative)
dijahiti (involuntary locative passive)
jahiti (locative)
jahitilah (locative)
menjahitkan (active applicative causative)
terjahitkan (applicative causative)
dijahitkan (applicative causative passive)
jahitkan (applicative causative)
jahitkanlah (applicative causative)
memperjahit (active causative)
terperjahit (active causative involuntary)
diperjahit (active causative involuntary passive)
perjahit (active causative)
perjahitlah (active causative)
memperjahiti (active causative locative)
terperjahiti (causative involuntary locative)
diperjahiti (causative involuntary locative passive)
perjahiti (causative locative)
perjahitilah (causative locative)
memperjahitkan (active applicative causative)
terperjahitkan (applicative causative)
diperjahitkan (applicative causative passive)
perjahitkan (applicative causative)
perjahitkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay jahit, from Proto-Malayic *jahit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaqit.


mendung

mēndung (canonical)
mendung-mendung (plural)


ensiklik

énsiklik (canonical)
ensiklik-ensiklik (plural)

From Dutch encycliek (“encyclical”), from Latin encyclicus (“circular, encyclical”), from Ancient Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkúklios, “circular, general”), from ἐν- (en-) + κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”).

(Catholicism) encyclical, a papal letter delivered to bishops in the Roman Catholic Church.


episkopal

èpiskopal (canonical)
episkopal-episkopal (plural)

From Dutch episcopaal, from French épiscopal, from Latin episcopālis (“episcopal”), from episcopus (“bishop”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”).

(Catholicism) episcopal, relating to a bishop and/or to the episcopate


kanonis

(Catholicism) canonical, in conformity with canon law.

canonical, stated or used in the most basic and straightforwardly applicable manner.

(mathematics, linguistics) In canonical form.


pulasan

From Malay pulasan. Equivalent to pulas (“twist”) + -an. Doublet of kapulasan.


basantara

bahasa perantara
bahasa perantara#Indonesian


sinetron

sinètron (canonical)
sinetron-sinetron (plural)

→ English: sinetron

Blend of sinema (“cinema”) + elektronik (“electronic”). Coined by Indonesian educator Soemardjono in 1978.

coinage

drama produced as a television show, especially produced in Indonesia


nisbi

Inherited from Malay nisbi, from Arabic نِسْبِيّ (nisbiyy).

(uncommon) Synonym of relatif (“relative”)


onderjurk

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderjurk.

ubor

a women's undergarment worn under a dress


ikhlas

From Malay ikhlas, from Arabic إِخْلَاص (ʔiḵlāṣ).

der

Arabic إِخْلَاص (ʔiḵlāṣ)


luncur

From Malay luncur, probably from Portuguese lançar. Doublet of lancar and lansir.


meluncurkan

From luncur + meng- -kan. Attested before 1966.


acang

(obsolete, rare) gadget (electronics product)


firaun

From Malay firaun, borrowed from Arabic فرعون (firʕawn), possibly from Classical Syriac ܦܪܥܘܢ (perʿūn) and Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (parʿōh), ultimately from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ.


Habil

From Malay Habil, from Arabic هَابِيل (hābīl).


janapada

From Javanese ꦗꦤꦥꦢ (janapada), from Old Javanese janapada, from Sanskrit जनपद (janapada, “district, rural”).


khilafah

Inherited from Malay khilafah, from Classical Malay khilafah, from Arabic خِلَافَة f (ḵilāfa).


konfeti

konféti (canonical)
konfeti-konfeti (plural)

confetti, small pieces of colored paper generally thrown about at festive occasions.


laher

From Dutch lager (“bearing”), from German Lager.


negoisasi

nègosiasi (canonical)
negoisasi-negoisasi (plural)

From Dutch negotiatie, from Middle French négociation, from Latin negotiatio (“the carrying on of business, a wholesale business”), from negotiari (“to carry on business”).


tustel

tustèl (canonical)
tustel-tustel (plural)


keker

kékêr (canonical)
kèkèr (canonical)
keker-keker (plural)


semadi

From Malay semadi, from Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi, “concentration, tomb”).

samadhi: concentration of the thoughts, profound or abstract meditation, intense contemplation of any particular object


reksa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦉꦏ꧀ꦱ (reksa, “to guard, to watch over”), from Old Javanese rakṣa (“guarding, protecting; protection”), from Sanskrit रक्षा (rakṣā, “guard”).
* Displaced Dutch politie (“police”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


tali pinggang

Compound of tali + pinggang. Compare to Chinese 腰帶／腰带 (“belt”, literally “waist band”).

belt: a band worn around the waist to hold clothing to one's body (usually pants), hold weapons (such as a gun or sword), or serve as a decorative piece of clothing.


wilapa

From Sanskrit विलाप (vilāpa, “lamentation”).


resusitasi

résusitasi (canonical)
resusitasi-resusitasi (plural)

From English resuscitation, from Middle English resuscitacion, from Old French ressuscitacion and Latin resuscitātio.


reanimasi

réanimasi (canonical)
reanimasi-reanimasi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch reanimatie (“resuscitation”), from French réanimation.


ratu drama

* From Calque of English drama queen.
* From ratu (“queen”) + drama (“drama”).

drama queen, a exaggeratedly dramatic person.


persekutuan komanditer

Compound of persekutuan (“partnership”) + komanditer, calque from Dutch commanditaire vennootschap.


koperasi

Affixed ko- + operasi, from earlier kooperasi, from Dutch coöperatie, from Middle French cooperation, from Late Latin cooperātiō. Doublet of kooperasi.
* The word was used for translation of Japanese 組合(くみあい) (kumiai, “an association, a union”) during the Japanese occupation.


besuk

From Dutch bezoek (“visit”), from Middle Dutch besoec.

to visit, especially patient in hospital


posisi

From Dutch positie (“position”), from French position, from Latin positiō.


disposisi

Borrowed from Dutch dispositie (“disposition”).

bor+

(administration) the arrangement or placement of certain things.

(medicine) the tendency or inclination under given circumstances; temperamental makeup or habitual mood.


efek

From Dutch effect (“effect, negotiable instrument”), from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from efficiō (“accomplish, complete, effect”). Cognate of Afrikaans effek.

der

impression left on the mind; sensation produced.

(finance) A tradeable financial asset, such as a share of stock; security

negotiable instrument
negotiable instrument

(economics, finance) negotiable instrument


benteng

bèntèng (canonical)
benteng-benteng (plural)

From Malay benteng.
* The sense “bulwark” is a semantic loan from Javanese bètèng.
* The sense in chess is a semantic loan from Dutch kasteel (“rook (dated)”, literally “castle”).

sl

fort (a fortified defensive structure stationed with troops)

(figurative) something that is used to strengthen or maintain a position and so on.

(sports) children's games are carried out in two groups by each group forming a fort (in the form of poles, stones, etc.) and trying to protect the fort from enemy attacks.


setrum

sêtrum (canonical)
setrum-setrum (plural)

From Dutch stroom (“current”), from Middle Dutch strôom, from Old Dutch *strōm, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”).


setrum

head

sêtrum (active menyetrum, passive disetrum)

sêtrum (canonical)
menyetrum (active)
disetrum (passive)

Dia sedang menyetrum kaum-kaum merah di kamar eksekusi.
He is electrocuting Reds in the execution chamber.


air terjun

From Malay air terjun, from Classical Malay اءير ترجون (air terjun). From air (“water”) + terjun (“to dive, to jump from a high place”).

compound

waterfall (flow of water over the edge of a cliff)


ketumbar

From Malay ketumbar, from Tamil கொத்தமல்லி (kottamalli), from Sanskrit कुस्तुम्बरी (kustumbarī). Cognate of Cebuano and Chavacano katumbal.

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual

(cooking) the annual herb Coriandrum sativum, used in many cuisines.

(cooking) the dried fruits thereof, used as a spice.


daun ketumbar

Compound of daun (“leaf”) + ketumbar (“coriander”), from Malay daun ketumbar

(cooking) cilantro (leaves of the coriander plant)


pasfoto

(colloquial) A passport photo, a passport photograph.


gulai

From Malay gulai. Probably from Tamil குழை (kuḻai, “to become soft, well cooked”).

der

(cooking) gulai: a type of food containing rich, spicy and succulent curry-like sauce.


tabir

From Malay tabir, from Arabic تَعْبِير (taʕbīr, “to get across”).


simbolisme

Affixed simbol + -isme, from Dutch symbolisme.


boomzaken

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch boomzaken.


boorwater

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch boorwater.


burgerlijk wetboek

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch Burgerlijk Wetboek (“civil code”).


hopbiro

From Dutch hoofdbureau, from hoofd (“head”) + bureau (“bureau”).


legaat

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch legaat, from Latin legatum.


tekor

From Dutch tekort (“shortage, deficit”).


krusial

From Dutch cruciaal (“crucial”), from French crucial, a medical term for ligaments of the knee (which cross each other), from Latin Latin crux, crucis (“cross”), from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”).


klinis

From Dutch klinisch (“clinical”). Cognate German klinisch.


diakones

diakonês (canonical)
diakones-diakones (plural)

From Dutch diacones, from French diaconesse, ultimately from Latin diaconissa.

(Christianity, Protestantism) female deacon, with duties of helping the priests and carrying out parish work.


ibu kota

Compound of ibu (“greatest or most significant”, literally “mother”) + kota (“city”).


kacang panjang

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)


CBSA

(education) Initialism of cara belajar siswa aktif.


soang

From Dutch zwaan (“swan”), from Middle Dutch swane, from Old Dutch *swano, from Proto-Germanic *swanô.


akar rumput

Compound of akar (“root(s)”) + rumput (“grass”), calque of English grass roots.

(figurative, politics) grass roots: of, or relating to people or society at the local level, particularly in politics, social movements, etc.


aktivis

(politics) activist, one who is politically active in the role of a citizen; especially, one who campaigns for change.


aktivitas

Learned borrowing from Latin activitas. Displaced aktivitet, a loan word from Dutch activiteit. Equivalent in meaning to aktif (“active”) + -itas (“-ity”), because Dutch activiteit is equivalent to actief (“active”) + -teit (“-ity”).


ancaman

An expression of intent to injure or punish another.

An indication of potential or imminent danger.


autokrasi

By surface analysis, auto- + -krasi, from Dutch autocratie, from Byzantine Greek αὐτοκρατία (autokratía, “A system of government by one person with absolute power”).


akta mengajar

id-noun

akta mengajar (plural akta-akta mengajar)

Compound of akta (“certificate”) + mengajar (“teaching”), calque of Dutch akte van bekwaamheid (literally “certificate of competence”).

calque

(education) teaching certificate; teaching qualification.


aliah

From Arabic علية (ʕaliyya, “high, tall”).

(Islam, education) Islamic modern senior high school (US) or upper secondary school (UK).


asesmen

asèsmên (canonical)
asesmen-asesmen (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(education) the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning

(healthcare, medicine, psychiatry, psychology) identifies needs of the patient or client and how those needs will be addressed.


koneksi

konèksi (canonical)
koneksi-koneksi (plural)

From Dutch connectie (“connection”), from French connexion, from Latin cōnexiō.

(colloquial) an individual who is related to oneself.

connection.
(computing) an established link.


Prakerta

Prakrit (of or pertaining to the Prakrit language)


Jogjakarta

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of Yogyakarta.


Soerabaja

(1901–1947) Superseded spelling of Surabaya.


Surabaja

(1947–1972) Superseded spelling of Surabaya.


bordil

From Dutch bordeel (“brothel”), from Middle Dutch bordeel (“brothel; hut, hovel”), from Old French bordel (“hut; brothel”), from Medieval Latin bordellum (“brothel, small hut”).


lokalisasi

Borrowed from Dutch lokalisatie. By surface analysis, lokal + -isasi.

software engineering
software engineering

(software engineering) the act, process, or result of making a product suitable for use in a particular country or region

(translation studies, chiefly software, marketing) the act, process, or result of adapting translated text to fit a local culture; domestication

localization
the state of being localized

localization
(colloquial) red-light district


lokalisasi

head

lokalisasi (active melokalisasi, passive dilokalisasi, perfective passive terlokalisasi)

melokalisasi (active)
dilokalisasi (passive)
terlokalisasi (passive perfective)

to make local; to fix in, or assign to, a definite place

(software engineering, marketing, transitive) to adapt (a product or service) for use in a particular country or region, typically by translating text into the language of that country and modifying currencies, date formats, etc

(translation studies, chiefly software) to adapt translated text to fit a local culture; to domesticate

to determine where something takes place or is to be found


lokalisir

lokalisir (active melokalisir, passive dilokalisir, perfective passive terlokalisir)

melokalisir (active)
dilokalisir (passive)
terlokalisir (passive perfective)


penapis

Affixed peng- + tapis, inherited from Malay penapis, from Classical Malay penapis.


menapis

From Malay menapis, from Classical Malay menapis. Equivalent to meng- + tapis.


muara

From Malay muara, probably from Prakrit *muhavara, from Sanskrit मुख (mukha) + द्वार (dvāra) (compare to Tamil முகத்துவாரம் (mukattuvāram, “mouth (of river); estuary”)).

ncog

முகத்துவாரம்

mouth: the end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water.


lamun

Ultimately inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lamun (“swamp grass”) via an unknown substrate language.
Coined by Indonesian academician Hutomo in 1985.


sijil

From Malay sijil, from Arabic سِجِلّ (sijill, “register, registry, record, list, log”), from Byzantine Greek σιγίλλιον, σιγίλλον (sigíllion, sigíllon), ultimately from Latin sigillum (“little sign”). Doublet of segel.

der

σιγίλλιον, σιγίλλον


sarjana

From Sanskrit सज्जन (sajjana, “gentleman, virtuous man”). Compare to Javanese ꦱꦂꦗꦤ (sarjana, “scholar”) and Old Javanese sajjana (“scholar”). The change of cluster ⟨rj⟩ from ⟨jj⟩ probably reflect hypercorrection, see conversion between Sanskrit and Pali forms.
* Sense of bachelor and baccalaureate is a semantic loan from Dutch baccalaureus (“bachelor”). Compare to Chinese 學士／学士 (xuéshì, “bachelor”, literally “scholar; literati”).

zh-l

(education) bachelor's degree, baccalaureate: the first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges.

(education) graduate with bachelor's degree

(rare) scholar, especially Muslim scholar


lantatur

Blend of layanan (service) + tanpa (without) + turun (to go down).


sarjana muda

id-noun

sarjana muda (plural sarjana-sarjana muda)

Compound of sarjana (“bachelor”) + muda (“young, junior”)

compound

(education) associate's degree: an academic degree awarded after the equivalent of approximately two years of college education, usually by community colleges.


pascasarjana

Compound of pasca- (“after”) + sarjana (“bachelor's degree”), from calque of English postgraduate.


menganiaya

(active voice, transitive) to prosecute, to do oppression, to do injustice.


penganiaya

head

penganiaya (plural penganiaya-penganiaya, first-person possessive penganiayaku, second-person possessive penganiayamu, third-person possessive penganiayanya)

penganiaya-penganiaya (plural)
penganiayaku (first-person possessive)
penganiayamu (possessive second-person)
penganiayanya (possessive third-person)

person who does prosecution, oppression, or injustice.


penganiayaan

penganiayaan (plural penganiayaan-penganiayaan, first-person possessive penganiayaanku, second-person possessive penganiayaanmu, third-person possessive penganiayaannya)

penganiayaan-penganiayaan (plural)
penganiayaanku (first-person possessive)
penganiayaanmu (possessive second-person)
penganiayaannya (possessive third-person)

the event of prosecution, oppression, or injustice.


teraniaya

From Malay teraniaya,
from Classical Malay teraniaya. Equivalent to
ter- + aniaya.

(passive voice, adversative) the event of prosecution, oppression, or injustice is done to subject.


langsir

From Dutch rangeer, the present tense 1st person singular form of rangeren, from French ranger, rang, from Old French renc, reng, ranc, rang, from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The rail transport sense was a semantic loan from German rangieren in Dutch. Doublet of ring.

der

(rail transport) to shunt, to move a train from one track to another, or to move carriages, etc. from one train to another.


langsir

From Dutch lansier or Portuguese lanceiro, ultimately from Late Latin lanceārius, from Latin lancea (“spear”).

(obsolete) lancer, a soldier armed with a lance.


beranang

bêranang (canonical)
beranang-beranang (plural)

beranang:

madder red: a deep reddish colour, like that of the dye.


kumbara

From Ottoman Turkish خمبره (kumbara), from Classical Persian خمباره (xumbāra, “an earthenware box, a small jar; a bombshell”).


ners

From English nurse, from Middle English norice, from Old French norrice, from Latin nūtrīcius (“that nourishes”), from nūtrīx (“wet nurse”), from nūtriō (“to suckle”).

(rare) nurse, person trained to provide care for the sick.


mantri

From Javanese ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (mantri), from Old Javanese mantrī, mantri, from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, manti, and menteri.

(in compounds) position for special responsibility


brankar

From Dutch brancard, from French brancard.

Seorang tenaga kesehatan lengkap dengan APD bersama dengan brankar atau ranjang dorong bersiaga di luar gedung.

A healthcare worker with PPE and a stretcher is on alert outside the building.


spanduk

banner, a large piece of cloth with a slogan, motto, or emblem carried in a demonstration or other procession or suspended in some conspicuous place.


sehat

From Malay sehat, sihat, from Classical Malay [script needed] (sehat), [script needed] (sihat), from Persian صحت (sehhat), from Arabic صِحَّة (ṣiḥḥa).

enjoying good health; well; free from disease or disorder.

(figurative) sensible, coherent, reasonable.

(colloquial) fit: in good shape; physically well.


swasta

Inherited from Malay swasta, from Sanskrit स्वस्थ (svastha, “independent”).

private (belonging to, concerning, or accessible only to an individual person or a specific group)


partikelir

From Dutch particulier (“private”). Doublet of partikular.

Tanah partikelir adalah tanah yang dijual oleh VOC kepada perorangan....

Private land was land that sold by VOC to personal....

(dated) private, not in governmental office or employment.


antarbangsa

Affixed antar- (“inter-”) + bangsa (“nation”), calque of Dutch internationaal (“international”).


internasional

→ Malay: internasional

Internationalism, affixed inter- + nasional, from Dutch internationaal (“international”), from English international, apparently coined in 1780 by Jeremy Bentham from inter- + national, both ultimately from Latin.

Berita Internasional


parlemen

parlêmèn (canonical)
parlemen-parlemen (plural)

→ Tetum: parlamén

From Dutch parlement, from Middle Dutch parlement, from Old French parlement.


sekolah ambah

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + ambah (“masonry”), partial calque of Dutch ambachtsschool.

(education, historical) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK) level vocational school.


ambah

From Dutch ambacht, from Middle Dutch ambacht, from Old Dutch ambacht, from Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz, from Gaulish ambaxtos, from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos. Cognate with German Amt.


edukasi

èdukasi (canonical)
edukasi-edukasi (plural)

From Dutch educatie (“education”). Cognate to Tagalog edukasyon, Tok Pisin edukesen, and Malay edukesyen.


sekolah rendah

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + rendah (“low”), from Malay sekolah rendah, from Dutch lagere school.


globalisasi

Affixed global + -isasi, from English globalisation.


pulpen

pulpèn (canonical)
pulpen-pulpen (plural)


bolpoin

From English ballpoint (“ballpoint pen”).


ilmu bumi

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + bumi (“earth”), calque of Dutch aardrijkskunde (“geography”, literally “earth science”).


ilmu urai

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + urai (“dismember”), calque of Dutch ontleedkunde (“anatomy”, literally “dissection science”).


ilmu tasrih

ilmu (“science”) + tasrih (“dismember”), from Arabic عِلْم التَشْرِيحِ (ʕilm at-tašrīḥi, “anatomy”) , probably via Malay ilmu tasrih.

bor

عِلْم التَشْرِيحِ


tasrih

From Arabic تَشْرِيح (tašrīḥ, “autopsy”).


ilmu ukur

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + ukur (“measure”), calque of Dutch meetkunde (“geometry”, literally “measuring science”).


ilmu pisah

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + pisah (“to separate”), calque of Dutch scheikunde (“chemistry”, literally “knowledge to separate”).


tegak lurus

Compound of tegak (“upright”) + lurus (“straight”), calque of Dutch loodrecht (“perpendicular”).


ilmu hitung

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + hitung (“to count, to compute”), from Malay ilmu hitung, a calque of Dutch cijferkunst (“arithmetic”, literally “to compute + art; ability”) and Dutch rekenkunde (“arithmetic”).


aljabar

From Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”).


ilmu hayat

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + hayat (“life”), from Arabic عِلْمُ ٱلْأَحْيَاء (ʕilmu l-ʔaḥyāʔ, “biology”, literally “life science”).

عِلْمُ ٱلْأَحْيَاء


agresif

From Dutch agressief (“aggressive”), from French agressif.


agensi

agènsi (canonical)
agensi-agensi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch agency, from Medieval Latin agentia, from Latin agēns (present participle of agere (“to act”)).


aktinometer

aktinomètêr (canonical)
aktinometer-aktinometer (plural)


amprah

From Dutch aanvraag (“application, request”).


sepuit

sêpuit (canonical)
sepuit-sepuit (plural)


oktroi

From Dutch octrooi (“patent”), from Middle Dutch octroy, possibly from Latin auctōrō, auctor. Compare to French octroi (“grant; concession”).


perlop

pêrlop (canonical)
perlop-perlop (plural)

From Dutch verlof (“furlough, leave of absence”).

(colloquial) furlough, leave of absence.


spoelhoek

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch spoel (“rinse”) + hoek (“corner”).

(medicine) service sink, a deep sink, usually set low, esp. used for emptying pails of dirty water.


kasmaran

From Malay kasmaran,
from Classical Malay kasmaran, from Javanese ꦏꦱ꧀ꦩꦫꦤ꧀ (kasmaran). Equivalent to asmara + ke- -an.

(literary) to be lovestruck, to be madly in love.


bawasir

From Arabic بَوَاسِير (bawāsīr, “hemorrhoids”).


dobel

From Dutch dubbel (“double, twofold”), from Middle Dutch dobbel, from Old French doble, from Latin duplus.

(colloquial) double,
Of twice the quantity.

(colloquial) double,
Having two aspects; ambiguous.

(colloquial) Multiplied by two; twofold.

(colloquial) Either of two similar objects, entities etc; twin.


geminte

gêmintê (canonical)
geminte-geminte (plural)


bahan bakar

Compound of bahan (“material”) + bakar (“fire”), calque of Dutch brandstof (“fuel”, literally “to burn + material”).


fulus

From Malay fulus,
from Arabic فُلُوس (fulūs, “money, penny”).


kampiun

From Dutch kampioen (“champion”), from Middle Dutch campioen, from Old Northern French campion, campiun (cf. French champion), from Proto-West Germanic *kampijō (cf. German Kämpe), derived from *kamp (“field, fight”), from Latin campus. Doublet of kampus, kamp, kampanye, and sampanye.


kamsen

kamsèn (canonical)
kamsen-kamsen (plural)

From English commission, from Old French commission, from Latin commissio (“sending together; commission”). Doublet of komisi.


kerul

From Dutch krul (“curl”), from Middle Dutch crulle, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“that which is curled”), from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”).


potongan harga

id-noun

potongan harga (plural potongan-potongan harga)

Compound of potongan (“cut, reduction”) + harga (“price”). Compare to Japanese 値引(ねび)き (nebiki, “discount”).


kolaps

(colloquial) to collapse, to fall down suddenly.


konsumsi

Borrowed from Dutch consumptie (“consumption”), from Latin cōnsumptiō.


stopkontak

(electricity) an electrical socket, an outlet.


maneken

manêkèn (canonical)
maneken-maneken (plural)

(colloquial) a person who models clothes.


beslit

bèslit (canonical)
beslit-beslit (plural)


bludrek

bludrêk (canonical)
bludrek-bludrek (plural)

From Dutch bloeddruk (“blood pressure”).

(colloquial) hypertension with headache.


cengbeng

cèngbèng (canonical)
cengbeng-cengbeng (plural)


cengkau

cêngkau (canonical)
cengkau-cengkau (plural)

/t͡ʃəŋˈkau̯/

From Hokkien 成交 (sêng-kau, “to close a deal; to conclude a transaction”).


sipir

From Dutch cipier, from Middle Dutch cipier, from Old French cepier.


cialat

From Hokkien 食力 (chia̍h-la̍t). Compare English jialat.


nir-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit निर् (nir), the alternative form of निस् (nis, “out, forth, away”, adverb).

lbor

nirguna

nirkabel

nirtunai

nirlaba


nirlaba

nir- + laba. Coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono.


nirleka

From nir- + leka, from Sanskrit लेख (lekha, “writing”, noun).


menyenangkan

Ini tak menyenangkan!


menyenangkan

Dia menyenangkan ibunya.


taman kanak-kanak

id-noun

taman kanak-kanak (plural taman-taman kanak-kanak)

Compound of taman + kanak-kanak, from calque of German Kindergarten (“kindergarten”, literally “garden of children”).


raudatul athfal

id-noun

raudatul athfal (plural raudatul-raudatul athfal)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic رَوْضَة أَطْفَال (rawḍa(t) ʔaṭfāl, “kindergarten”) as رَوْضَة (rawḍa, “garden”) + أَطْفَال (ʔaṭfāl, “children”), from Calque of German Kindergarten (“kindergarten”, literally “garden of children”). Doublet of taman kanak-kanak.

ubor

رَوْضَة أَطْفَال


madrasah ibtidaiah

id-noun

madrasah ibtidaiah (plural madrasah-madrasah ibtidaiah)

From madrasah + ibtidaiah, from Arabic اَلْمَدْرَسَة اَلاِبْتِدَائِيَّة (al-madrasa(t) al-ibtidāʔiyya) as اِبْتِدَائِيَّة (ibtidāʔiyya, “primary, elementary”) + مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).

der

اَلْمَدْرَسَة اَلاِبْتِدَائِيَّة

compound

اِبْتِدَائِيَّة

(Islam, education) elementary school (US), primary school (UK)


terjadi

From Malay terjadi,
from Classical Malay terjadi. Equivalent to
ter- + jadi.


sekitar

Affixed se- + kitar, from Malay sekitar.

sekitar seratus


sekitar

sêkitar (canonical)
sekitar-sekitar (plural)


setelah

From Malay setelah, from Classical Malay setelah (“after”), equivalent to se- + telah.


bagian

From Malay bagian, a variant of the standard bahagian. Equivalent to bagi + -an.
* The sense “duty” is a semantic loan from English part.
* The sense “subdivision” is a semantic loan from Dutch sectie.
* The sense “fate” is a semantic loan from Arabic نَصِيب (naṣīb, “destiny”, literally “portion”).
The superseded spelling bahagian was used as translation of Japanese 部(ぶ) (bu, “department”) during the Japanese occupation.

semantic loan

portion; component; part: that which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a separated part of anything; .

allotment: Something allotted; a portion granted or distributed.

ration: a portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group.

(music) The melody played or sung by a particular instrument, voice, or group of instruments or voices, within a polyphonic piece.

volume: a part (book) of a publication issued in multi-book format.


stoples

stoplès (canonical)
stoples-stoples (plural)

From Dutch stolpfles as stolp (“cover”) + fles (“bottle”).


setolop

sêtolop (canonical)
setolop-setolop (plural)

→ Min Nan: 實刀洛／实刀洛 (si̍t-to-lo̍h, “wall-lamp”)


bank sentral

Compound of bank + sentral (“central”), calque of Dutch centrale bank (“central bank”).


garansi

From Dutch garantie (“guarantee”), from French garantie, from Middle French garantie, from Old French garantie, guarantie, from garantir, guarantir, from garant, guarant, warant, from Frankish *warand, from *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wer-.


nakhoda

From Malay nakhoda (“captain”), from Persian ناخدا (nâxodâ).

(nautical, military) shipmaster, captain

(nautical) The captain of a merchant ship; a master mariner; master.


sekring

sékring (canonical)
sekring-sekring (plural)

From Dutch zekering (“fuse”), from German Sicherung.

(electrical engineering) fuse, a device to prevent overloading of a circuit.


indekos

From Dutch in de kost (“in the kost”) as kost (“board, livelihood, meals and lodgings”), from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Medieval Latin costare, from Latin constare (“stand together, stand at, cost”), from com- + stare (“stand”).

der

(colloquial) to rent a place to live or lodge.


maklumat

From Malay maklumat, from Classical Malay معلومات (ma'lumat), from Arabic معلومات (maʕlūmāt), plural of مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm, “known”), passive participle of عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”). Doublet of maklum.


informasi

informasi-informasi (plural)
informasi (root)
menginformasikan (active applicative causative)
terinformasikan (applicative causative)
diinformasikan (applicative causative passive)
informasikan (applicative causative)
informasikanlah (applicative causative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch informatie (“information”), from Middle French informacion, enformacion (Modern French information), and their source, Latin īnfōrmātiō (“formation, conception; education”), from the participle stem of īnfōrmō (“to inform”). Cognate with Afrikaans informasie (“information”).


komunikasi

→ Malay: komunikasi

communication, passageway or opening, connection

communication,
concept of exchanging information

communication,
act or fact of communicating anything


memarahi

From Malay memarahi. Equivalent to
marah + meng- -i.


mengelilingi

(transitive) to encircle
To surround, form a circle around

(transitive) to encircle
To move or go around completely.


dokter anak

Compound of dokter (“doctor”) + anak (“child”), calque of Dutch kinderarts (“pediatrician”, literally “child's doctor”).

calque

pediatrician (US), paediatrician (UK, Aus, NZ).


dokter umum

Compound of dokter (“doctor”) + umum (“general”), partial calque of Dutch algemeen arts.

general practitioner
general practitioner


dokter bedah

id-noun

dokter bedah (plural dokter-dokter bedah)

Compound of dokter (“doctor”) + bedah (“surgery”, literally “torn, broken”), calque of Dutch wondarts (“surgeon”, literally “wound doctor”). Compare to Japanese 執刀医(しっとうい) (shittōi, “surgeon”, literally “operator + physician”).


dokter jiwa

From dokter (“doctor”) + jiwa (“soul, mind”).


psikiater

psikiatêr (canonical)
psikiater-psikiater (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch psychiater (“psychiatrist”).


dokter mata

Compound of dokter (“doctor”) + mata (“eye”), a partial calque of Dutch oogarts (“ophthalmologist”, literally “eye doctor”).


ahli

From Malay ahli, from Classical Malay اهلي (ahli), from Arabic عَقْلِي (ʕaqlī, “intellectual”).


ahli

From Malay ahli, from Classical Malay اهلي (ahli, “adherent, family”), from Persian اهل (ahl, “people, inhabitant, citizen”), from Arabic أَهْلِ (ʔahli), أَهْل (ʔahl, “family, membership, people, adherents, experts, inhabitants”).


wafat

From Malay wafat, from Arabic وَفَاة (wafāh).


Ibrani

From Malay Ibrani, from Arabic عِبْرَانِي (ʕibrānī).

Arabic عِبْرَانِي (ʕibrānī)

Hebrew, of or pertaining to the Hebrew people or language.


Ibrani

Arabic عِبْرَانِي (ʕibrānī)

a member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

the Semitic language spoken by the Hebrew people.


celengan

cèlèngan (canonical)
celengan-celengan (plural)

[t͡ʃɛˈlɛŋan]

Affixed celeng (“wild boar, pig”) + -an (“similar to”), from Javanese ꦕꦺꦭꦺꦔꦤ꧀ (cèlèngan).

suf

piggy bank: A small container, sometimes in the form of a pig, to store small saved coins in. Often the "bank" must be broken open to retrieve the contents.

(in extension) saving: something (usually money) that is saved, particularly money that has been set aside for the future.


kereta angin

id-noun

kereta angin (plural kereta-kereta angin)

Compound of kereta (“carriage”) + angin (“wind”). Cognate of Medan Hokkien 風車／风车 (hong-chhia, “bicycle”).


klavus

Internationalism, Borrowed from Latin clāvus.

(uncommon) corn; clavus (a callous growth, especially on the foot)


kuintal

From Dutch kwintaal, from Middle French quintal, from Medieval Latin quintale, from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār), ultimately from Latin centēnārium.


lengket

From Malay lengket, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *la(ŋ)ket.


laler

From Javanese ꦭꦊꦂ (laler), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laləj, from Proto-Austronesian *lalej. Compare Malay lalat.


gugup

head

gugup (comparative lebih gugup, superlative tergugup, equative segugup)

lebih gugup (comparative)
tergugup (superlative)
segugup (equative)

Borrowed from Betawi gugup, from
Javanese gugup.

flustered (confused, befuddled, in a state of panic by having become overwrought with confusion)

nervous (apprehensive or anxious; easily agitated or alarmed)


baskara

From Sanskrit भास्कर (bhāskara, “sun”, literally “maker of light”).


serdadu

From Malay serdadu, from Portuguese soldado (“soldier”).


klausul

From Dutch clausule (“clause”), from Middle Dutch clausule, from Latin clausula. Compare to Afrikaans klousule.

(law) clause: an individually designated provision in a contract, regulation or statute.


PPK

(government) Initialism of program pengembangan kecamatan.

pejabat pembuat komitmen
pejabat pembuat komitmen#Indonesian

(business, government, management) Initialism of pejabat pembuat komitmen.

panitia pemilihan kecamatan
panitia pemilihan kecamatan#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of panitia pemilihan kecamatan.

(education) Initialism of penguatan pendidikan karakter.

pusat pelayanan kawasan
pusat pelayanan kawasan#Indonesian

(government) Initialism of pusat pelayanan kawasan.

pejabat pembina kepegawaian
pejabat pembina kepegawaian#Indonesian

(government, management) Initialism of pejabat pembina kepegawaian.

petugas pelayanan kereta
petugas pelayanan kereta#Indonesian

(rail transport) Initialism of petugas pelayanan kereta.

panduan praktik klinis
panduan praktik klinis#Indonesian

(healthcare) Initialism of panduan praktik klinis (“clinical practice guideline”).


tromol

drum, various, often cylindrically shaped objects or components


rem tromol

From Dutch trommelrem (“drum brake”) as rem (“brake”) + tromol (“drum, cylinder”).


wahana

From Javanese ꦮꦲꦤ (wahana), from Old Javanese wāhana, from Sanskrit वाहन (vāhana), from वह् (vah), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *waźʰ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *waȷ́ʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-. Doublet of wagon.

vehicle: a conveyance; a spacious device for carrying or transporting substances, objects, people or animals.

(figurative) means: an instrument for attaining a purpose

ride: an amusement ridden at a fair or amusement park.


bintang berekor

id-noun

bintang berekor (plural bintang-bintang berekor)

From Malay bintang berekor, probably reinforced by calque of Dutch staartster (literally “tail star”).


takraw

From Malay takraw, borrowed from Thai ตะกร้อ (dtà-grɔ̂ɔ). Attested before 1951.

(sports) a rattan ball used in the game sepak takraw


telepon genggam

Compound of telepon (“phone”) + genggam (“handheld”). Compare to Japanese 携帯電話 (keitaidenwa, “mobile phone”, literally “handheld telephone”), Korean 휴대전화 (hyudaejeonhwa, “mobile phone”, literally “handheld telephone”).


kuitansi

From earlier kwitansi, from Dutch kwitantie (“receipt”), Middle Dutch quitantie, from Old French quittance.


Maulana

Ultimately from Arabic مَوْلَانَا (mawlānā).


kerja sama

Compound of kerja (“work”) + sama (“together”), calque of Dutch samenwerking.


kosakata

Calque of Dutch woordenschat (“vocabulary”, literally “word treasure”) as kosa + kata (“word”). The word kosa is from Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, treasury, store”).

der

...kosakata Indonesia tjukuplah orang membandingkan ,,Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia„ tahun 1952 buatan W. J. S. Poerwadarminta dengan sebuah kamus buatan sebelum perang (misalnja kamus Klinkert atau Van Ronkel).

1957, Tardjan Hadidjaja, Asas-asas pendidikan bahasa ibu bagi anak Djawa, Ganaco:


perbendaharaan kata

id-noun

perbendaharaan kata (plural perbendaharaan-perbendaharaan kata)

Compound of perbendaharaan (“treasure”) + kata (“word”), calque of Dutch woordenschat (“vocabulary”, literally “word treasure”).


warsa

From Javanese ꦮꦂꦱ (warsa), probably derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(w)ːrsɔ.


tahun kabisat

id-noun

tahun kabisat (plural tahun-tahun kabisat)

From tahun (“year”) + kabisat (“leap year”). Partial calque of Arabic سَنَة كَبِيسَة (sana(t) kabīsa).

partial calque

سَنَة كَبِيسَة


kabisat

Back-formation from tahun kabisat. Noun reanalyzed as from Arabic كَبِيسَة (kabīsa, “intercalary, leap”).


kitab suci

From kitab (“book, scripture”) + suci (“holy, sacred”).

compound

(religion) holy book, sacred writing, scripture.


Alquran

From Arabic الْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān, “Qur'an”).

superseded spelling of Al-Qur'an (“Qur'an”).


kitab undang-undang hukum pidana

id-noun

kitab undang-undang hukum pidana (plural kitab-kitab undang-undang hukum pidana)

kitab-kitab undang-undang hukum pidana (plural)

Compound of kitab (“book”) + undang-undang (“law, act”) + hukum (“law”) + pidana (“criminal, penal”), calque of Dutch wetboek van strafrecht (“criminal code”, literally “lawbook of criminal law”).

calque

(law) criminal code, penal code (Indonesia).


istibdad

der

اِسْتِبْدَاد


rezeki

From Arabic رِزْقِ (rizqi), from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭩𐭪 (rōzīg, “sustenance, daily bread”), from Middle Persian lwcyk' (rōzīg, “daily bread, sustenance”), from 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (rōz [YWM], “day”), from Old Persian 𐎼𐎢𐎨 (raučah-, “day”), from Proto-Iranian *ráwčati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”).

daily wage, livelihood, subsistence, daily bread, nourishment, sustenance.


syahadat

From Malay syahadat,
from Classical Malay syahadat, from Arabic شَهَادَات (šahādāt).

Arabic شَهَادَات (šahādāt)

Syahadat Rasul

(Islam) shahada, the basic Islamic creed.

creed.
shahada, the basic Islamic creed.

Syahadat Para Rasul

Syahadat Nikea Konstantinopel

creed.
(Catholicism) the liturgical creed


anggar

* Inherited from Malay anggar, from Classical Malay اڠڬر (anggar), from Persian انگار (angâr, “to consider”).
* From Riau Malay [Term?] for the land size.


anggar

→ Sundanese: ᮃᮍ᮪ᮌᮁ (anggar, “fencing”)

From French en garde (“on guard”), the first phrase in three-command start when fencing, En garde! Prêts? Allez!.


Pebruari

(nonstandard) Nonstandard spelling of Februari.