membranofon

(music) membranophone: any musical instrument that produces sound via the vibration of a stretched membrane.


fermentasi

Borrowed from Dutch fermentatie, from Latin fermentātiō, fermentātiōnem.

(biochemistry) fermentation: any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzyme (or several enzymes produced by a microorganism) catalyses the conversion of one substance into another; especially the conversion (using yeast) of sugars to alcohol or acetic acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide.


marhaban

From Arabic مَرْحَبًا (marḥaban, “welcome”).

song of praise
(Islam) for the Prophet Muhammad


marhabanan

(Islam, colloquial) praise for the Prophet Muhammad


hakim garis

Compound of hakim (“judge”) + garis (“line”), from calque of Dutch lijnrechter (“linesman”, literally “line judge”).

clq

(soccer) linesman or lineswoman; an assistant referee.


kuasa usaha

Compound of kuasa + usaha (“business”), calque of French chargé d’affaires.


glek glek

Possibly from French glouglou. Onomatopoeic.

(onomatopoeia) The sound of drinking water; gurgle.


kret kret kret

[ˌkrət̪̚ ˌkrət̪̚ ˈkrət̪̚]

(onomatopoeia) The sound of a printer printing.

(onomatopoeia) The sound of opening a door.


penjasorkes

(education) acronym of pendidikan jasmani, olahraga, dan kesehatan (“physical, sport, and health education”).


senbud

(education) acronym of seni budaya (“art and culture”).


nuansa

Borrowed from Dutch nuance, from French nuance, from Middle French nuance, from Latin [Term?].


penjamin emisi efek

penjamin (“guarantor”) + emisi (“emission”) + efek (“security”), literally “guarantor of security emission”

com

(finance) underwriter, an entity undertaking to market newly issued securities.


wakil penjamin emisi efek

wakil (“agent”) + penjamin emisi efek (“underwriting”), literally “underwriting agent”


perantara pedagang efek

Compound of perantara (“intermediary”) + pedagang (“trader”) + efek (“security”), literally “intermediary of security trader”

(finance) broker-dealer: a natural person, company or other organization that engages in the business of trading securities for its own account or on behalf of its customers.


sekolah negeri

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + negeri (“state”).

(education) public school, state school: a publicly funded and administered school.


sekolah partikulir

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + partikulir (“private”). Displaced by sekolah swasta.

(education, dated) private school: a fee-charging private or independent school.


partikulir

alternative form of partikelir (“private”)


sekolah swasta

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + swasta (“private”).

(education) private school: a fee-charging private or independent school.


PLH

lingkungan hidup
lingkungan hidup#Indonesian

(education) initialism of pendidikan lingkungan hidup (“environmental education”).


PJJ

(education) initialism of pembelajaran jarak jauh (“distance learning”).


PNBP

penerimaan negara bukan pajak#Indonesian

(finance, government) initialism of penerimaan negara bukan pajak (“non-tax state income”).


SKCK

surat keterangan
surat keterangan#Indonesian

(law enforcement) initialism of surat keterangan catatan kepolisian (“certificate of good conduct”).


UTS

ujian tengah semester
ujian tengah semester#Indonesian

(education) initialism of ujian tengah semester (“mid-semester exam”).


ujian tengah semester

Compound of ujian (“exam”) + tengah (“mid-”) + semester (“semester”).


PAUD

(education) acronym of pendidikan anak usia dini (“early childhood education”): ECE


ODGJ

orang dengan gangguan jiwa
orang dengan gangguan jiwa#Indonesian

initialism of orang dengan gangguan jiwa.


zikir

From Malay dikir, zikir, from Arabic ذِكْر (ḏikr, “recollection, remembrance”).

der

dhikr, zikr (an Islamic prayer whereby a phrase or expression of praise is repeated continually)


orang dengan gangguan jiwa

Compound of orang (“people”) + dengan (“with”) + gangguan jiwa (“mental disorder”), literally “people with mental disorder”. Enforced as legal term in Law of The Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2014 About Mental Health.

com

(law, euphemistic) person with a mental disorder


delik kulpa

Compound of delik + kulpa, calque of Dutch culpose delicten


pemkab

(government) acronym of pemerintah kabupaten (“regency government”).


pemkot

(government) acronym of pemerintah kota (“city government”).


pemprov

(government) acronym of pemerintah provinsi (“provincial government”).


memperburuk

head

memperburuk (base-imperative perburuk, active memperburuk, ordinary passive diperburuk, jussive perburuklah)

memperburuk (active)
perburuklah (jussive)


diperburuk

diperburuk (base-imperative perburuk, active memperburuk, ordinary passive diperburuk, jussive perburuklah)


memperkeruh

mêmpêrkêruh (base-imperative perkeruh, active memperkeruh, ordinary passive diperkeruh)

mêmpêrkêruh (canonical)
memperkeruh (active)


diperkeruh

passive of memperkeruh (“to make something turbid”)


pasar basah

Compound of pasar (“market”) + basah (“wet”), calque of English wet market.

wet market: a market selling fresh meat, fish and produce.


pasar kering

Compound of pasar (“market”) + kering (“dry”), calque of English dry market.

dry market: a market selling clothing, electronics, etc. rather than fresh meat and produce.


papan kerani

Compound of papan (“board”) + kerani (“clerk, scribe”).

com

clipboard: a flat piece of rigid material, such as card or plastic, with a clip at one end under which papers can be held.


SAKIP

(government) acronym of sistem akuntabilitas kinerja instansi pemerintah (literally “governmental agency performance accountability system”).


selis

From Dutch cellist. Equivalent to selo + -is.

(music) cellist: someone who plays the cello.


perusahaan negara

Compound of perusahaan (“company”) + negara (“state”), calque of Dutch staatsbedrijf (“state-owned company”).

clq

state-owned enterprise
state-owned enterprise

(government, dated) state-owned enterprise: a commercial business wholly or partly owned and operated by a government.


ponpes

(education, Islam) acronym of pondok pesantren (“traditional Islamic school”).


ulun

From Malay ulun, from Proto-Malayic *hulun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulun (“outsiders, alien people”).


bahasa isyarat

id-noun

bahasa isyarat (plural bahasa-bahasa isyarat)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + isyarat (“signal”).


dadaisme

Affixed *dada + -isme, borrowed from Dutch dadaïsme, from French dadaïsme.

dadaism: an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century of artists who rejected the logic, reason, and aestheticism of modern capitalist society, instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in their works.


Banten

Banten (a province of Indonesia; capital: Serang; largest city: Tangerang)


ayakan

(mining, quarrying) screen (stone classification device)


muamalah

From Arabic مُعَامَلَة (muʕāmala). Doublet of mualamat.


memperkokoh

head

mêmpêrkokoh (base-imperative perkokoh, active memperkokoh, ordinary passive diperkokoh)

mêmpêrkokoh (canonical)
memperkokoh (active)


diperkokoh

dipêrkokoh (base-imperative perkokoh, active memperkokoh, ordinary passive diperkokoh)

dipêrkokoh (canonical)
memperkokoh (active)

Affixed diper- + kokoh (“tenacious; solid”).

passive of memperkeruh (“make something tenacious, solid”)


kokoh

From Malay kukuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”), from Proto-Austronesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”). Doublet of kukuh.

inh

tenacious, solid (especially a building)


kekuasaan

Affixed kuasa + ke- -an.
* Replaced Dutch bevoegdheid (“authority, authorization; competence”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


spesifisitas

Affixed spesifik + -itas, from English specificity.

(medicine) specificity: the extent to which a particular diagnostic test is specific for, or a symptom or sign is specific to, a given condition.


kesusastraan

Affixed *susastra + ke- -an, from Malay kesusasteraan, from Sanskrit सु- (su-, “good, well”) + शास्त्र (śāstra, “scripture”).


suket

short for surat keterangan (“certificate”).


suket

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦸꦏꦼꦠ꧀ (suket, “grass”), from Old Javanese sukĕt (“grass”).


suket

(zoology) red palm weevil, Asian palm weevil, sago palm weevil: (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus).


luap

From Malay luap, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luab, from Proto-Austronesian *luab (“swell up, as boiling rice; boil over”). Doublet of rob.


beruang es

Compound of beruang (“bear”) + es (“ice”), calque of Dutch ijsbeer (“polar bear”, literally “ice bear”).

clq

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual

(zoology, uncommon) polar bear (Ursus maritimus)


gambus

From Malay gambus, from Arabic قنبوس (qanbūs).


ganjen

head

ganjên (comparative lebih ganjen, superlative terganjen, equative seganjen)

ganjên (canonical)
lebih ganjen (comparative)
terganjen (superlative)
seganjen (equative)

/ˈɡaɲ.d͡ʒən/

coquettish (of or relating to a young, flirtatious girl)


sampir

From Malay sampir (“upper part of kris sheath”), from Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦂ (sampir, “scarf-like cloth worn over the shoulder; shoulder”), from Old Javanese sampir (“scarf, shawl”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sampir (“a type of head cloth”).


sandang

From Malay sandang, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sandaŋ (“wear across the shoulder”).

inh

synonym of selendang, selempang (“shawl”).


sandang

Semantic loan from Javanese ꦱꦤ꧀ꦝꦁ (sandhang, “clothing”), from Old Javanese saṇḍaṅ (“nature; clothing”), from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sandaŋ (“wear across the shoulder”).


sanak

Reconstructed as se- + anak, inherited from Malay sanak, from Old Javanese sānak (“brother, sister, relative; with his brother(s)”).


sanggah

From Malay sanggah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋgaq (“to arrest the progress of something by stopping or catching it; to support, keep from falling”). Doublet of sangga.
* Semantic loan from Balinese ᬲᬗ᭄ᬕᬄ (sanggah, “altar”, literally “seat, throne”) for Balinese family shrine.


sanggah

(Hinduism) family shrine in the Balinese house-complex.


susuk

From Malay susuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susuk (“to prick, pierce”), from Proto-Austronesian *-suk (“insert, penetrate, enter”)
* Sense of water canal is a semantic loan from Betawi [Term?].

inh

alternative spelling of susukan (“canal, artificial channel”)


susuk

alternative spelling of sosok (“shape, appearance, (shape of the) body, figure, build, stature”)


susuk

From Malay susuk, from Minangkabau [Term?].

(dialect) base-imperative-colloquial of menyusuk, menyosok (“to pioneer”)


susuk

From Malay susuk, from Old Javanese susuk (“full, thick”).


susuk

change: balance of money returned from the sum paid after deducting the price of a purchase.


hijau abadi

hijau (“green”) + abadi (“eternal”), literally “eternal green”, from English evergreen.

com

Of plants, especially trees, that do not shed their leaves seasonally; evergreen.


hijau abadi

A shrub or tree that does not shed its leaves or needles seasonally; evergreen.


kedatuan

Affixed datu + ke- -an, from Malay kedatuan, from Old Malay kadatuan (“royal residence”). Doublet of kedaton and keraton.


kedaton

Affixed datu + ke- -an, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦝꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (kedhaton). Doublet of kedatuan and keraton.


narakontak

Affixed nara- + kontak, calque of English contact person. Coined by Indonesian translator Sugeng Hariyanto.

coinage

synonym of narahubung (“contact person”)


empedu

êmpêdu (canonical)
empedu-empedu (plural)

From Malay empedu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qapəju, from Proto-Austronesian *qapəjux. Compare Javanese peru.

bile: a bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.

gall bladder: a pear-shaped organ that stores bile from the liver, until the body needs it for the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum.

(figurative) sharp tongue: the practice or characteristic of speaking to others in a harsh, critical, or insulting manner.


swakriya

Affixed swa- + kriya, from English do it yourself. Coined by Indonesian engineer Ivan Lanin in August 2011.

(neologism) do it yourself: the practice of doing home improvements and maintenance oneself, rather than employing a professional.


perusahaan rintisan

id-noun

perusahaan rintisan (plural perusahaan-perusahaan rintisan)

Compound of perusahaan (“company”) + rintisan, calque of English startup company. Coined in July 2010 by a netizen Angga Satriya (username Satrion) in comment section of an article about equivalent term for startup company in Ivan Lanin personal blog.

startup, a new company or organization or business venture designed for rapid growth.


jari-jari

(mathematics) a line segment between any point of a circle or sphere and its center; the length of this line segment.

anything resembling a radius, such as the spoke of a wheel, the movable arm of a sextant, or one of the radiating lines of a spider's web.

spoke: a support structure that connects the axle or the hub of a wheel to the rim.


s.t.d.d.

sebagaimana telah diubah dengan#Indonesian

Abbreviation of sebagaimana telah diubah dengan.


ahli muda

Compound of ahli (“expert”) + muda (“junior”).

(education) higher apprenticeships (UK): two-years vocational degree.

(government) expert who requires a further professional qualifications.


ahli pertama

Compound of ahli (“expert”) + pertama (“first”).

(education, rare) higher apprenticeships (UK): one-year vocational degree.

(government) expert who requires a basic professional qualifications.


ahli madya

Compound of ahli (“expert”) + madya (“mid-”).

(education) higher apprenticeships (UK): three-years vocational degree.

(government) job title requires a high level of professional qualifications.


menangkap

mênangkap (canonical)
ditangkap (passive)

to capture or snare (someone or something which would rather escape).

to unpleasantly discover unexpectedly; to unpleasantly surprise (someone doing something).

to make a grasping or snatching motion (at).

to grasp mentally: perceive and understand.

to take goods knowing them to be stolen.

to receive
to detect a signal from a transmitter.

to arrest, to hold, to detain, to apprehend.

to seize (someone) with the authority of the law; to take into legal custody.


henti napas

Compound of henti (“stop”) + napas (“breath”), calque of Dutch ademstilstand (“apnea”, literally “respiratory arrest”).

clq

(pulmonology, emergency medicine, pathology) respiratory arrest.


memberhentikan

mêmbêrhêntikan (canonical)
diberhentikan (passive)

to cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.

to stop:
to cause (something) to come to an end.


pemda

(government) acronym of pemerintah daerah (“provincial, kabupaten or kota government”).


catat

head

catat (active mencatat, passive dicatat, perfective passive tercatat)

mencatat (active)
dicatat (passive)
tercatat (passive perfective)

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">catat</i>

→ Malay: چاتت (catat)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦛꦼꦠ꧀ (cathet, “to take note”).


kumulatif

From Dutch cumulatief, from French cumulatif.


kasuistik

(medicine) casuistics: the recording and study of cases of disease.


konfirmasi

From Dutch confirmatie, from Middle Dutch confirmacie, from Old French confirmation, from Latin cōnfirmātiō.

confirmation: a verification that something is true or has happened.


penguatan

pênguatan (canonical)
penguatan-penguatan (plural)

Affixed kuat + peng- -an.
* The confirmation sense is a semantic loan from Latin confirmatio, noun of process from cōnfirmātus (“confirmed”), perfect passive participle of cōnfirmāre, from con- (“with”) + firmāre (“to firm or strengthen”).

the act, process, or state of reinforcing or being reinforced.

(psychology) the process whereby a behavior with desirable consequences comes to be repeated.

the act, or result of amplifying, enlarging, extending or adding.

(linguistics) a translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.

(linguistics) a figure of speech that adds importance to increase its rhetorical effect.

(computing, electronics, physics) the act, or result of independently increasing some quantity, especially voltage, power or current.

(Catholicism) confirmation: a ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18.


konpers

konpèrs (canonical)
konpers-konpers (plural)

konferensi pers
konferensi pers#Indonesian

acronym of konferensi pers (“press conference”).


terpanjang

Jembatan laut terpanjang di dunia menghubungkan Zhuhai dengan Macau dan Hong Kong.

The world's longest sea bridge connects Zhuhai with Macau and Hong Kong.

superlative degree of panjang (“longest”)


perpanjangan

pêrpanjangan (canonical)
perpanjangan-perpanjangan (plural)


memantau

head

mêmantau (active memantau, base-imperative pantau, passive dipantau, adversative passive terpantau)

mêmantau (canonical)
memantau (active)
dipantau (passive)


dipantau

dipantau (active memantau, base-imperative pantau, passive dipantau, adversative passive terpantau)


sebar

sêbar (active menyebar, passive disebar)

sêbar (canonical)
menyebar (active)
disebar (passive)


disebar

disêbar (active menyebar, passive disebar, accidental passive tersebar)

disêbar (canonical)
menyebar (active)
disebar (passive)


wara-wara

Reduplication of wara, from Javanese ꦮꦫꦮꦫ (wara-wara, “public announcement, proclamation”), from Old Javanese warah-warah (“communication, information, report, instruction, teaching”).


dengar pendapat

Compound of dengar (“hear”) + pendapat (“opinion”).

public hearing, a meeting to hear public opinions on any issue; a meeting where members of the public hear the facts about any issue and give their opinions about it.


bawal

Inherited from Malay bawal, from Javanese ꦧꦮꦭ꧀ (bawal), from Old Javanese bawal (“a certain fresh water fish”)


kumpul kebo

From koempoel gebouw, earlier spelling of compound kumpul + Dutch gebouw (“building”). The latter element then phono-semantically altered, based on Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo, “water buffalo”).


kumpul

From Malay kumpul, from (western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kumpul.


menurun

head

mênurun (base-imperative turun, active menurun, imperative causative turunkan)

mênurun (canonical)
menurun (active)
turunkan (causative imperative)

Affixed meng- + turun, from Malay menurun.

(transitive) to be hereditary, to inherit

(figurative, intransitive) to decline: to become weaker or worse.


menurun

mênurun (base-imperative turun, active menurun, passive diturun, imperative causative turunkan)

mênurun (canonical)
menurun (active)
diturun (passive)
turunkan (causative imperative)

Affixed meng- + turun, from Javanese ꦤꦸꦫꦸꦤ꧀ (nurun, “to copy”).


PHBS

(medicine) initialism of perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (“clean and healthy lifestyle”).


konsiderasi

Affixed *konsider + -asi, from Dutch consideratie, from Old French consideracion (Modern French considération), from Latin cōnsīderātiō.

consideration: the thought process of considering, of taking multiple or specified factors into account (with of being the main corresponding adposition).


konsiderans

From Dutch considerans, from Latin cōnsīderāns, present active participle of cōnsīderō (“consider, ponder”).

(law) consideration: something taken into account to reach a decision, notably a legal one, such as a verdict or deed.


meragu

mêragu (base-imperative ragu, active meragu, passive diragu)

mêragu (canonical)
meragu (active)
diragu (passive)

(transitive, dialect) to disturb, to bother

(transitive, dialect, computing) to display recording for quick viewing.


membangunkan

active of bangunkan (“to wake up; to awaken”)


membanguni

active of banguni (“to wake up; to awaken someone”)


radikalisme

Affixed radikal + -isme, from Dutch radicalisme.

(politics) radicalism: any of various radical social or political movements that aim at fundamental change in the structure of society.


radikalisasi

Affixed radikal + -isasi, from English radicalisation (compare to Dutch radicalisatie).


pendidikan tinggi

Compound of pendidikan (“education”) + tinggi (“high”).

com

higher education
higher education#English


lantik

head

lantik (active melantik, passive dilantik)

From Malay lantik or perhaps another way around.

(transitive) to appoint, inaugurate, induct


lantik

Perhaps an influence of another language.


tenaga pendidik

Compound of tenaga (“worker”) + pendidik (“educator”).


tenaga kependidikan

Compound of tenaga + kependidikan (“educational”).

(education) non-teaching staff, including administrative personnel and technician.


prinsip

From Dutch principe, from French principe, from Latin principium.


BNPT

(law enforcement) initialism of Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (“National Counter Terrorism Agency”).


polisi militer

Compound of polisi (“police”) + militer (“military”).

(military, law enforcement) military police: a unit of a military organization whose duty is to police the organization. They are in charge of law enforcement on military property, and of military personnel.


uruk

head

uruk (active menguruk, resultative urukan, verbal noun pengurukan)

menguruk (active)
urukan (resultative)
pengurukan (noun-from-verb)


apiun

From Arabic أَفْيُون (ʔafyūn) or Hokkien 鴉片 /鸦片 (a-phiàn). Compare to Sundanese apiun, Vietnamese á phiện, Baba Malay aphien, Dutch amfioen. Doublet of opium.


lanang

to spin a rope using a weight tied at the end of it


lanang

From Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).


joget

→ English: joget

Borrowed from Javanese ꦗꦺꦴꦒꦺꦠ꧀ (jogèt), ultimately from Old Javanese jogèd (“dance”).

(cultural arts) dance; initially refers to the traditional Javanese cultural performance (group dance, along with the songs and gamelan instrument rhythm).


urip

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥ꧀ (urip), from Old Javanese hurip, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudip. Doublet of hidup and urit.


tengok

Inherited from Malay tengok, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ŋɔk (“bent, crooked”).


rehabilitasi

From Dutch rehabilitatie, from Middle French réhabilitation, from Medieval Latin rehabilitatio.


prioritas

Affixed *prior + -itas, learned borrowing from Medieval Latin prioritās. Displaced earlier loanword prioritet.


dayung

Inherited from Malay dayung. Cognate with Old Javanese rayuṅ, dayuṅ.

paddle (a to two-handed implement consisting of a shaft with one or two blades attached to the end(s) used to propel a canoe, kayak or a small boat. A paddle is unattached to the boat and freely operated with the hands, compared with an oar which is attached to the boat at a pivot point)

a sport where the activity is paddling a boat

(uncommon) pedal (a lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano)

(ichthyology, uncommon) pectoral fin (either of two fins located on each side of a fish just behind the head)


dayung

head

dayung (active mendayung, passive didayung, perfective passive terdayung)

mendayung (active)
didayung (passive)
terdayung (passive perfective)

(transitive, intransitive) to paddle (to propel something through water with a paddle)


pusat perbelanjaan

Compound of pusat (“centre”) + perbelanjaan (“shopping”).


peristiwa hukum pidana

peristiwa + hukum pidana (“criminal law”).


penyertaan

serta + peng- -an. Semantic loan from Dutch deelneming.


yuris

From Dutch jurist, from Middle French juriste, from Medieval Latin iurista.


memapar

head

mêmapar (base papar, imperative papar, active memapar, ordinary passive dipapar)

mêmapar (canonical)
papar (imperative)
memapar (active)

to flatten: to make something flat or flatter.


sesak

sêsak (canonical)
tersesak (superlative)

Inherited from Malay sesak, from Javanese ꦱꦼꦱꦏ꧀ (sesak), from Old Javanese sĕsĕk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *seksek.


dipapar

dipapar (base papar, imperative papar, active memapar, ordinary passive dipapar)


pemaparan

pêmaparan (canonical)
pemaparan-pemaparan (plural)


memaparkan

mêmaparkan (active memaparkan, passive dipaparkan)

mêmaparkan (canonical)
memaparkan (active)
dipaparkan (passive)


dipaparkan

dipaparkan (active memaparkan, passive dipaparkan)

memaparkan (active)
dipaparkan (passive)


AKBP

(law enforcement) initialism of Ajun Komisaris Besar Polisi (“Police Grand Commissioner Attendant”).


paksaan

Affixed paksa + -an.
* Semantic loan from Dutch dwang (“coercion”).

sl

actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing.

(law) use of physical or moral force to compel a person to do something, or to abstain from doing something, thereby depriving that person of the exercise of free will.


sugih

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦸꦒꦶꦃ (sugih, “rich”), from Old Javanese sugih.


digitalisasi

Affixed digital + -isasi, from English digitalisation.


digitisasi

Affixed digit + -isasi, from English digitisation.


emas putih

Compound of emas (“gold”) + putih (“white”), calque of Dutch witgoud (“platinum”, literally “white gold”). Compare to Japanese 白金(はっきん) (hakkin, “platinum”).

clq

platinum: the chemical element with atomic number 78 and symbol Pt; a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, silverish-white transition metal of great value.


intensifikasi

From Dutch intensieficatie, from French intensification.


(medicine) initialism of pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan (“first aid”, literally “first aid at the accident”), calque of Dutch eerste hulp bij ongelukken (EHBO).

pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan

pegawai pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja#Indonesian

(government, colloquial) initialism of pegawai pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja (“contractual government employee”).


PPPK

(government) initialism of pegawai pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja (“contractual government employee”).


PHK

initialism of pemutusan hubungan kerja (“termination of employment, separation of employment”).


teh obeng

Compound of teh (“tea”) and Hokkien 烏／乌 (o͘, “black”) + 冰 (peng, “ice, ice-cold”).


puncak

the highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point.

(geometry) the highest point in a plane or solid figure, relative to a base line or plane.

apex:
(botany) the growing point of a shoot.

the moment of greatest success, expansion, etc.

apex:
(ecology) the top of the food chain.

crest:
the summit of a hill or mountain ridge.

(hydrology) the highest level above a certain datum or reference point that a river will reach in a certain amount of time.

(physics) the section of a wave that rises above an undisturbed position.

a point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap.

the highest value reached by some quantity in a time period.

(geography) the top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain or range, ending in a point.

(geography) the whole hill or mountain, especially when isolated.

(mathematics) a local maximum of a function, e.g. for sine waves, each point at which the value of y is at its maximum.

the highest point, top or apex of something.

(anatomy) the highest surface on the skull; the crown of the head.


pucuk

From Malay pucuk, from Classical Malay pucuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pucuk (“sprouting tip of a plant”), or alternatively from Proto-Austronesian *qapucuk (“peak of a mountain”).

inh

shoot: the emerging embryonic leaves of a new plant

sharp-pointed tip (tree, wave etc)
top branchlet

(figurative) helm (of leadership or organization)


pucuk

Classifier for needle, sharp-pointed objects, firearms and letters.


tuding

* The verb sense 'to point': From Malay tuding, from Javanese ꦠꦸꦣꦶꦁ (tuḍing), from Old Javanese tuding, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *tudiŋ. Distant cognate of Atayal turing.


walik

fruit dove (any bird of the genus Ptilinopus, in the pigeon and dove family Columbidae)


pulih

From Malay pulih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puliq.


rompak

to pirate (to appropriate by piracy; to plunder at sea)


rampok

infinitive, imperative and colloquial of merampok (“to rob”)


layu

Inherited from Malay layu, from Proto-Austronesian *layu (“wither, wilt”).


merampok

head

mêrampok (base-imperative rampok, active merampok, passive dirampok)

mêrampok (canonical)
merampok (active)
dirampok (passive)


dirampok

dirampok (base-imperative rampok, active merampok, passive dirampok)


bercukur

(intransitive) to shave (to remove hair from one's face with a tool)


menjerit

/məɲ.d͡ʒəˈrɪt̚/

(intransitive) to scream (to cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, shout outcry, or shrill, loud cry, as in fright or extreme pain)


mengirim

mêngirim (base-imperative kirim, active mengirim, passive dikirim, accidental passive terkirim)

mêngirim (canonical)
mengirim (active)
dikirim (passive)

(transitive) to make something (such as an object or message) go from one place to another.

(intransitive) to dispatch an agent or messenger to convey a message, or to do an errand.

(dialect, transitive) to consign: to transfer to the custody of, usually for sale, transport, or safekeeping.


selaka

sêlaka (canonical)
selaka-selaka (plural)


selaka

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦭꦏ (selaka), from Old Javanese salaka.


kalung

Inherited from Malay kalung, from Javanese kalung, from Old Javanese kaluṅ.

an article of jewelry that is worn around the neck, most often made of a string of precious metal, pearls, gems, beads or shells, and sometimes having a pendant attached

necklace
anything resembling a necklace in shape


perguruan tinggi

Compound of perguruan (“school”) + tinggi (“high”), calque of Dutch hogeschool.

Kemudian saya berunding dengan Prof. Sardjito ; lalu di Klaten dibuka Perguruan Tinggi Kedokteran Hewan ; dengan begitu di Klaten ada 3 buah Perguruan Tinggi, jang dilahirkan dalam kantjah Revolusi.

1956, Prof. Drs. Soeparwi, Laporan Lengkap Seminar Ilmu Kebudajaan diselenggarakan oleh Universitas Gadjah Mada, Universitas Gadjah Mada, page 58:

(education) higher education institution; post-secondary education institution.


perguruan

(education) school: an institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.


buruan

Affixed buru + -an, from Malay buruan. Doublet of buron.


ato-

International System of Units
International System of Units

atto-: in the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻¹⁸. Symbol: a


investasi asing langsung

investasi (“investment”) + asing (“foreign”) + langsung (“direct”), calque of English foreign direct investment.

cal

penanaman modal asing
penanaman modal asing#Indonesian

(finance, economics) Synonym of penanaman modal asing


lowong

From Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦮꦺꦴꦁ (lowong, “vacant”), from Old Javanese luwaṅ (“pit, hole, cavity”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luaŋ (“hole”), from Proto-Austronesian *luaŋ (“hole”). Doublet of luang and lubang. Compare to Malay lohong.


waduk

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦝꦸꦏ꧀ (wadhuk). Cognate of Balinese ᬯᬤᬸᬓ᭄ (waduk, “stomach”).

reservoir: a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

water tower: a large tank of water, in an elevated position, acting as a local reservoir; water is pumped into the tank and fed by gravity to the consumers.


menara air

Compound of menara (“tower”) + air (“water”). Compare to Dutch watertoren.


pujasera

pujasêra (canonical)
pujasera-pujasera (plural)

Blend of pusat (center) + jajanan (snacks) + serba ada (all-in-one).


paseban

From Javanese ꦥꦱꦺꦧꦤ꧀ (paséban), from Old Javanese pasewan (“audience-hall”). Can be reconstructed as per- -an + seba


Waring Wera Wanua

A compound from waring + wera + wanua, all of these are ultimately derived from Old Javanese, literally translates to "a vast net (which covers) a region". A phono-semantic matching of English World Wide Web.


Bareskrim

(law enforcement) acronym of badan reserse kriminal (“criminal investigation department”).


mengakui

head

mêngakui (base-imperative akui, active mengakui, passive diakui)

mêngakui (canonical)
mengakui (active)
diakui (passive)

(transitive) to admit, to confess, to concede, to acknowledge.

(transitive) to possess:
to have, to own (a right)

of a supernatural entity, especially one regarded as evil: to take control of.


mengaku

mêngaku (active mengaku, active locative mengakui, passive locative diakui)

mêngaku (canonical)
mengaku (active)
mengakui (active locative)
diakui (locative passive)

(intransitive) to admit, to confess, to concede, to acknowledge.

(colloquial) to feel proud of one's self


kecolongan

Affixed colong + ke- -an, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦕꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ (kecolongan).

to lapse: to fall or pass from one proprietor to another, or from the original destination, by the omission, negligence, or failure of somebody.


obat terlarang

Compound of obat (“drug”) + terlarang (“forbidden”).


bengis

Inherited from Malay bengis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəŋis (“angry, quarrelsome”).


bungkuk

From Malay bongkok, bungkuk, from Classical Malay بوڠکوق (bongkok), بوڠکوق (bungkuk), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkuk.


owaki

Any of African hawks in the genus Aviceda


tebang

Inherited from Malay tebang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tebaŋ (“to fell trees”).


membengkak

(intransitive) to swell (to become bigger, especially due to being engorged)


bengkak

Luka yang ada di lututnya terlihat bengkak.


bagi pakai

bagi (“to share”) + pakai (“to use”), literally “to share and use”.


beritahu

head

bêritahu (active memberitahu, passive diberitahu, perfective passive terberitahu)

bêritahu (canonical)
memberitahu (active)
diberitahu (passive)
terberitahu (passive perfective)

nonstandard form of beri tahu (“to tell”).


selira

From Malay selera, from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”). Doublet of sarira.


melaksanakan

mêlaksanakan (imperative laksanakan, active melaksanakan, ordinary passive dilaksanakan, adversative passive terlaksanakan)

mêlaksanakan (canonical)
laksanakan (imperative)
melaksanakan (active)


menular

mênular (active menular, adversative passive tertular)


praktisi

From Dutch practici, plural form of practicus, from Latin practicus.


kanwil

kantor wilayah
kantor wilayah#Indonesian

acronym of kantor wilayah (“regional office”).


kantor wilayah

Compound of kantor (“office”) + wilayah (“region(al)”).

com

(government) of a central government agency.

regional office
of a central government agency.


influenser

Internationalism, borrowed from English influencer.

(social media, marketing) influencer (a person who is able to influence consumption, lifestyle, and/or political preferences of their online audience by creating and/or engaging social media content, often as a part of a marketing campaign)


marinir

From Dutch marinier, from French marinier (“bargeman”), from Middle French marinier, from Old French mariner.

a soldier, normally a member of a marine corps, trained to serve on board or from a ship


ragum

vice, vise: an instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw, lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing.


ulayat

From Minangkabau ulayat, from Arabic وِلَايَة (wilāya).


pinjol

pinjaman daring
pinjaman daring#Indonesian

(colloquial, finance) acronym of pinjaman online (“online lending”), synonym of pinjaman daring.


Tjina

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) superseded spelling of Cina.


menteri pertama

Compound of menteri (“minister”) + pertama (“first”), calque of Dutch eerste minister.

(government, historical) first minister, prime minister


menteri muda

Compound of menteri (“minister”) + muda (“young”), literally “young minister”, calque of Dutch onderminister.

(government, historical) undersecretary: a junior government minister.


menteri negara

Compound of menteri (“minister”) + negara (“state”).

minister without portfolio
minister without portfolio#English

(government) minister without portfolio: a minister who does not head a particular ministry.


menteri koordinator

Compound of menteri (“minister”) + koordinator (“coordinator”).


direktorat

From Dutch directoraat, from French directorat.


kemenyan

From Malay kemenyan. Cognate of Thai กำยาน (gam-yaan, “benzoin”), Khmer កំញាន (kɑmñaan), Western Cham [script needed] (kamơñan), Burmese ကက္ကုကမျဉ်း (kakku.ka.myany:).

benzoin: a resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.


kemenyan

short for akar kemenyan (Dioscorea pyrifolia)


anggaran rumah tangga

Compound of anggaran (“rule”) + rumah tangga (“household”), a calque of Dutch huishoudelijk reglement.

com+

articles of association
articles of association

articles of association (document which forms a company's constitution)

bylaw (law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization)


anggaran dasar

Compound of anggaran (“rule”) + dasar (“basic”), a calque of Dutch grondregel. Compare to Japanese 基本定款(きほんきやく) (kihonkiyaku, “memorandum of association”, literally “basic code”).

ja-r

memorandum of association
memorandum of association

memorandum of association (a document that governs the relationship between a company and the outside world)


statuter

From Dutch statutair, from French statutaire.


sprin

surat perintah
surat perintah#Indonesian

acronym of surat perintah (“warrant, writ”).


surat perintah penahanan

Compound of surat perintah (“warrant”) + penahanan (“arrest”).


kawanua

Reconstructed as ke- + benua, from Tombulu.

compatriot: somebody from one's own country.


garis tengah

Compound of garis (“line”) + tengah (“centre, central”).
* Sense of diameter, calque of Dutch middellijn.

com

centerline: a line through the center that divides a shape into equal pieces.

(geometry) diameter: any straight line between two points on the circumference of a circle that passes through the centre/center of the circle.


andap

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ꧀ (andhap, “low”), from Old Javanese aṇḍap, haṇḍap (“low”). Doublet of endap.


pemula

pêmula (canonical)
pemula-pemula (plural)


bowo

the dowry from the groom consists of several pigs with a certain chest size


bahan bakar minyak

Compound of bahan bakar (“fuel”) + minyak (“oil”).


kapitasi

Affixed kapita + -si, from English capitation (constructed as it was borrowed from Dutch capitatie), from Latin capitationem, from caput (“head”).

(healthcare) capitation: a system of remuneration for providers of health care, in which providers enroll patients as permanent clients and receive a fixed periodic payment for each enrollee.


arah jam

Compound of arah (“direction”) + jam (“clock”).


beluku

From Javanese ꦮ꧀ꦭꦸꦏꦸ (wluku, “plough”), from Old Javanese *waluku.


panutan

From Javanese ꦥꦤꦸꦠꦤ꧀ (panutan), reconstructed as anut + peng- -an.


sasar

From Javanese ꦱꦱꦂ (sasar, “error”), from Old Javanese sasar (“going astray”).


sasar

(dialect) to go the wrong way, to deviate.


sasar

From Urdu سر (sar, “intention, aim”, literally “head, top”), from Persian سر (sar, “head, chief”), from Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (LOYŠE /sar/), from Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-.


simetri

From Dutch symmetrie, from Middle French symmetrie, from Latin symmetria, from Ancient Greek συμμετρία (summetría), from σύμμετρος (súmmetros, “symmetrical”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).


adiafora

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀδιάφορος (adiáphoros).

lbor

(philosophy) adiaphoron: an indifferent matter.


genosida

génosida (canonical)
genosida-genosida (plural)


geregetan

[ɡərəɡətˈan]

gê‧rê‧gêt‧an

Affixed gereget + -an. Cognate of Sabah Malay gerigitan.


anut

Inherited from Malay anut, from Classical Malay انوت (anut), from Old Javanese anūt. Doublet of patut and turut.


mukmin

id-noun

mukmin (plural mukmin-mukmin or para mukmin or mukminin)

mukmin-mukmin (plural)
para mukmin (plural)
mukminin (plural)

From Malay mukmin, from Arabic مُؤْمِن (muʔmin). The plural form mukminin comes from Arabic مُؤْمِنِين (muʔminīn).


kelingking

kêlingking (canonical)
kelingking-kelingking (plural)

From Malay kelingking. Cognate of Tagalog kalingkingan.


RUU

(law) initialism of rancangan undang-undang (“bill”).


benara

From Malay benara, from Tamil வண்ணார (vaṇṇāra, “washerman”).


permadani

From Javanese ꦥꦼꦂꦩꦢꦤꦶ (permadani, “carpet”), from Malayalam പരവതാനി (paravatāni).

carpet: a fabric used as a complete floor covering.


Bima Sakti

From Malay Bima Sakti, from Javanese ꦧꦶꦩꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (bimasekti), ultimately put together from Sanskrit भीम (bhīma). (a character from the Mahabharata, a popular epic in Javanese culture) and Sanskrit शक्ति (śakti, “magical power”). This was derived from a Javanese myth that imagines the Milky Way in the sky as Bhima (the white stars) fighting a great snake (the black stripes).


serambi

From Malay serambi,
* From Malayalam സറാന്പി (saṟānpi). Compare to Tamil சிறாம்பி (ciṟāmpi).
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *surambi ~ *surambiq (“extension to house”). Compare to Old Javanese surambyan (“outer verandah, front porch”).


setanggi

From Malay setanggi, from Old Javanese aṣṭāṅgi (“incense”, literally “eight ingredients”), from Sanskrit अष्टाङ्ग (aṣṭāṅga, “the eight parts”).


pelana

From Malay pelana, from Prakrit pallāṇa, from Sanskrit पल्याण (palyāṇa). Cognate with Acehnese peulana, Old Javanese palana.

a seat (tack) for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal.

an item of harness (harness saddle) placed on the back of a horse or other animal.

(meteorology) col: the point of intersection of a trough and a ridge in the pressure pattern of a weather map.

(construction) gable roof: a single-ridge roof that terminates at gable ends.


undagi

From Javanese ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦒꦶ (undhagi, “carpenter”) or Balinese ᬳᬸᬦ᭄ᬤᬕᬶ (undagi, “sculptor, builder”), from Old Javanese uṇḍahagi, uṇḍagi (“craftsman, carpenter”), from Prakrit *𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀕𑀺 (*vaḍḍhagi), from Sanskrit वर्धकि (vardhaki, “carpenter”).


hampar

From Malay hampar, from Classical Malay همڤر (hampar), from Proto-Malayic *(h)ampar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hampaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapaʀ (“spread out a mat”).


sans rancune

Unadapted borrowing from French sans rancune (“no hard feelings”).


alterasi

the act of altering or making different.


ahli statistik

Compound of ahli (“expert”) + statistik (“statistics”).


bingsu

From Toraja-Sa'dan bingsu (“religious leader”).

bor

(religious, Toraja) terminology for the Torajan religious leader (similar like priest concept) in the eastern region of Toraja


bingsu

Learned borrowing from Korean 빙수 (bingsu, “shaved ice”), from Sino-Korean word from 氷水.


penyesuaian

pênyêsuaian (canonical)
penyesuaian-penyesuaian (plural)

adjustment:
the action of adjusting something.

(accounting) the settling or balancing of a financial account.

(art) the process of adapting an artistic work from a different medium; an artistic work that has been adapted from a different medium.

(biology) the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness; a state reached by the population during that process; phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection.


data raya

Compound of data + raya, from Malay data raya, calque of English big data.


abbarumbung

steam bath-like, a part of Buginese-Makassar traditional wedding ceremony few days before covenant of marriage


aburage

(cooking) aburaage: a Japanese food consisting of deep-fried slices of tofu.


aemono

From Japanese 和(あ)え物(もの) (aemono, “salad”, literally “dressed thing”).


pemadam api

id-noun

pemadam api (plural pemadam-pemadam api)

Compound of pemadam (“extinguisher”) + api (“fire”), inherited from Malay pemadam api.


pemadam

ellipsis of pemadam api (“fire extinguisher”).

pemadam kebakaran
pemadam kebakaran#Indonesian

ellipsis of pemadam kebakaran (“firefighter”).


selang

sêlang (canonical)
selang-selang (plural)

From Malay selang. Cognate of Javanese ꦱꦼꦭ (sela, “gap”), Old Javanese sĕlā.

place next to the staircase leading to the serambi, place to wash one's feet and put on one's footwear before house


selang

From Minangkabau [Term?]. Cognate of Javanese ꦱꦼꦭꦁ (selang, “to borrow”, literally “alternating”), Old Javanese sĕlaṅ.


mahadata

Affixed maha- + data, calque of English big data. Attested in 2014.


anggur putih

Compound of anggur (“wine”) + putih (“white”).


asji

Acronym of asuransi jiwa (“life insurance”).


ansietas pisah

Compound of ansietas + pisah, calque of English separation anxiety.

(psychology, psychiatry) separation anxiety


aset lancar

Compound of aset + lancar, previously aktiva lancar, partial calque of Dutch vlottende activa (“current asset”).

partial calque

(accounting, finance) current asset: any asset which can reasonably be expected to be sold, consumed, or exhausted through the normal operations of a business within the current fiscal year or operating cycle or financial year (whichever period is longer).


blangwir

From Dutch brandweer (“firefighting, fire department, fire brigade”).

bor

Alternative spelling of branwir (“fire engine, fire truck, fire appliance”).


datau

(informal, rare) a conjunction word for inclusive or, formally dan/atau.


dan/atau

(formal, law) a conjunction word for inclusive or.


brunois

From English brunoise, from French brunoise.

(cooking) brunoise: a very fine dice; a method of cutting vegetables, usually to the dimensions of 2 mm or less, by julienning and then cutting many times at a 90-degree angle to the julienne.


builon

From English bouillon, from French bouillon, from the verb bouillir (“to boil”), from Old French boillir, from Latin bullīre (“to bubble, boil”), from bulla (“bubble”).

(cooking) bouillon: a clear seasoned broth made by simmering usually light meat, such as beef or chicken..


daging cincang

[ˈdaɡɪŋ ˈt͡ʃɪnt͡ʃaŋ]


daging pelana

Compound of daging (“meat”) + pelana (“saddle”).

(cooking) saddle: a cut of meat that includes both loins and part of the backbone.


daging putih

Compound of daging (“meat”) + putih (“white”).

(cooking) white meat: meat which is pale in color before and after cooking.


Dipawali

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali, “Diwali”, literally “a row of lights, illumination”).

lbor

(Hinduism) Diwali: an annual festival of light, observed during several days in October and November.


deret konsonan

Compound of deret + konsonan, calque of English consonant sequence.


deret vokal

Compound of deret + vokal, calque of English vowel sequence.


eksplanasi

From Dutch explanatie (or English explanation), from Latin explānātiō (“an explanation, interpretation”), from explānō (“explain”).


tata cara

Compound of tata (“order”) + cara (“way, manner”), from Malay tatacara, calque from Chinese 做法 (zuòfǎ).


tata rias

tata (“arrangement”) + cara (“to decorate”), literally “decoration arrangement”.


tata guna

tata (“arrangement”) + guna (“to use”), literally “usage arrangement”.


prosedur

From Dutch procedure, from Middle French procedure (Modern French procédure), from Old French procedure, from Latin procedere (“to go forward, proceed”).


komidi

From Dutch komedie, from Latin cōmoedia, from Ancient Greek κωμῳδία (kōmōidía). Doublet of komedi.

comedy: entertainment composed of jokes, satire, or humorous performance.

acrobatics: a spectacular display of agility.


komedi stambul

Compound of komedi (“comedy”) + stambul (literally “Istanbul”).

com

(drama) a 20ᵗʰ-century Malay play, which was inspired by Western play.


stambul

Ultimately from Ottoman Turkish استانبول, from corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”).

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν

komedi stambul
komedi stambul#Indonesian

(music) a type of Indonesian musical style that typically makes use of the kroncong.


Stambul

From Arabic إسطنبول, from Ottoman Turkish استانبول, from corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”).

Arabic إسطنبول

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν

(historical) Alternative spelling of Istanbul.


makanan sampah

Compound of makanan + sampah, a calque of English junk food.

junk food (food with little or no nutritional value)


tata hukum

Compound of tata + hukum, calque of Dutch rechtsorder.


paralayang

para- + layang (“to float”), after layang gantung (“hang gliding”), from English paragliding.


penawaran umum perdana saham

penawaran (“offering”) + umum (“public”) + perdana (“first”) + saham (“stock”), literally “stock first public offering”

com

initial public offering
initial public offering

(business, finance) initial public offering


dukung

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dukung (base-imperative dukung, active mendukung, ordinary passive didukung)

Inherited from Malay dukung. Cognate with Acehnese dukông.


kadrun

(derogatory, politics, religious slur) abbreviation of kadal gurun: a term mostly used for Indonesian opposition groups, also including narrow-minded people and those influenced by Islamic fundamentalist groups


kadal gurun

Compound of kadal (“lizard”) + gurun (“desert”). First coined in the derogatory sense during the period of the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election, but it remained largely unknown until 2020.

Egyptian mastigure, Egyptian spiny-tailed lizard, Leptien's mastigure, Egyptian uromastyx, or Egyptian dabb lizard (Uromastyx aegyptia).

(derogatory, politics) a term mostly used to refer Indonesian opposition groups, also including narrow-minded people and those influenced by Middle East fundamentalist groups.


jenggala

/d͡ʒəŋˈɡala/

From Malay jenggala, from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala, “a wild or savage area”).


gerobak

From Dutch East Indies Malay gerobak, from Javanese gerobag.


hantam

From Malay hentam, hantam, from Classical Malay هنتم (hentam), هنتم (hantam), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qantəm (“beat, thrash”).


nipah

Inherited from Malay nipah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nipaq (“swamp palm”).


acaram

From Malay acaram, caram, from Classical Malay چارام (acaram), چارام (caram), from Tamil ஆசாரம் (ācāram), from Sanskrit आचार (ācāra). Doublet of acara.


ayam goreng

ayam gorèng (canonical)
ayam-ayam goreng (plural)

Compound of ayam + goreng, from Malay ayam goreng.


vinyet

Borrowed from French vignette, diminutive of vigne (“vine”), from Latin vīnea, from vīnum (“wine”).

(architecture) a running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used in Gothic architecture.

(printing) a decorative design, originally representing vine branches or tendrils, at the head of a chapter, of a manuscript or printed book, or in a similar position.

(printing) any small borderless picture in a book, especially an engraving, photograph, or the like, which vanishes gradually at the edge.

a short story or anecdote that presents a scene or tableau, or paints a picture.


kalumet

From English calumet, from a Norman variant of Old French chalumeau (imported to Canada with Norman colonists), from Latin calamellus, diminutive of calamus (“reed”), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos).

calumet: a clay tobacco-pipe used by American Indians, especially as a symbol of truce or peace.


membikin

(transitive, now colloquial) to make
to create, to produce, to fabricate

(transitive, now colloquial) to make
to cause to


s'moga

(poetic) contraction of semoga (“hopefully”).


Ceko

Ultimately from Czech Česko (“Czech”), likely via southern Romance languages, such as Italian ceco, Spanish checo, and Portuguese tcheco. Compare Japanese チェコ and English Czecho-.

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


naik banding

Compound of naik (“to raise”) + banding (“appeal”), probably calque from Chinese 上告 (“to appeal”, literally “to raise an appeal”).


seikirei

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 最敬禮, 最敬礼(さいけいれい) (saikeirei, “most respectful bow”).

ja-r

(historical) a low, deep bow, a respectful bow, reserved to the Emperor of Japan; a practice in Indonesia during World War II during the Japanese occupation where Indonesian bowed facing northwards.


keluarga inti

Compound of keluarga (“family”) + inti (“core”).

nuclear family: a family unit consisting of two parents (traditionally a mother and a father) and their children.


inti atom

Compound of inti (“core”) + atom, calque of Dutch atoomkern (“atomic nucleus”).

clq

(chemistry, nuclear physics) atomic nucleus: a nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.


tekanan darah

Compound of tekanan (“pressure”) + darah (“blood”), a calque of Dutch bloeddruk.

com+

blood pressure (the pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries and veins; it varies during the heartbeat cycle, and according to a person's age, health and physical condition)


tekanan

a pressing; a force applied to a surface.

(linguistics) accent: a higher-pitched or stronger articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.

emphasis: special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.


lumbung pangan

Compound of lumbung (“granary”) + pangan (“food”).


tawan

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tawan (base-imperative tawan, active menawan, ordinary passive ditawan, adversative passive tertawan)

From Malay tawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taban (“booty, war captive”), from Proto-Austronesian *tabaN (“head trophy, trophy taken in headhunting”).


mogok

From Javanese ꦩꦺꦴꦒꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (mogok), from Old Javanese maga, *agag (“to threaten”). Reconstructed to meng- + aga.

to strike: to stop working as a protest to achieve better working conditions


pendadaran

Affix dadar + peng- -an, calque of Javanese ꦤ꧀ꦢꦢꦂ (ndadar), ꦢꦢꦂ (dadar, “to examine, to test”).


pelonco

From Javanese ꦥ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦴ (plonco, “novice”).

recognition and appreciation of new situation by precipitating previous thinking


berontak

From Malay berontak, from Javanese ꦧꦿꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦏ꧀ (brontak, “to revolt”). Equivalent to ber- + ronta and ber- + rantai.

der

(figurative) to revolt, to rebel, to uprise


kebut

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kêbut (base-imperative-colloquial kebut, active mengebut, passive dikebut)

kêbut (canonical)
mengebut (active)
dikebut (passive)

From Malay kebut, from Proto-Malayic *kabut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kabut. Doublet of kabut.
* The colloquial senses are semantic loan from Betawi and Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀ (kebut, “duster”), probably from Malay kebut (“to clean the dust”).
* The speeding sense is a Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀ (kebut, “to speed”), probably as extension of "to disappear" sense.

to speed: to go fast; to exceed the speed limit.


kebut

(colloquial, soccer) the referee ('s signal flag).


perawan

id-noun

pêrawan (plural perawan-perawan or para perawan)

pêrawan (canonical)
perawan-perawan (plural)
para perawan (plural)

Inherited from Malay perawan, from Javanese ꦥꦿꦮꦤ꧀ (prawan), from Dutch vrouwen.


perawan

virgin (not having had sexual intercourse)

(of a forest, etc.) virgin (not yet cultivated, explored, or exploited by humans)


watas

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ (wates, “border”), from Old Javanese watĕs (“border, end”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batəs. Doublet of batas.


waspada

Inherited from Malay waspada, from Javanese ꦮꦱ꧀ꦥꦢ (waspada), from Old Javanese waspada.


wejangan

Affixed wejang + -an, from Javanese ꦮꦼꦗꦔꦤ꧀ (wejangan).


setang

From Dutch stang (“bar”), from Proto-Germanic *stangō, *stangiz (“bar, rod”), from Proto-Indo-European *stengʰ-, *stegʰ- (“to stick, sting, prick, be stiff”).

handlebar: the bar used to steer a bicycle, motorbike, or similar vehicle.


syarat dan ketentuan

Compound of syarat + dan + ketentuan. Calque of English terms and conditions.

terms and conditions
terms and conditions


S&K

syarat dan ketentuan
syarat dan ketentuan#Indonesian

(law) initialism of syarat dan ketentuan (“terms and conditions”).


syarat

From Malay syarat, from Arabic شَرْط (šarṭ).


Syam

From Arabic شام (šām), الشَّام (aš-šām).

Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)


pemegang saham

Compound of pemegang (“holder”) + saham (“share; stock”), calque of Dutch aandeelhouder (“shareholder”).


embargo militer

Compound of embargo + militer, calque of English arms embargo.

arms embargo: a restriction or a set of sanctions that applies either solely to weaponry or also to "dual-use technology".


belaka

From Malay belaka (cf. Old Javanese balaka (“only, simply, just, merely”)).

cog

wholly, entirely, completely, altogether.


biduk

boat used for fishing or carrying cargo on river.


biduk

pembinaan penduduk
pembinaan penduduk#Indonesian


cacing benang

[ˈt͡ʃat͡ʃɪŋ bəˈnaŋ]


kebijakan

kêbijakan (canonical)
kebijakan-kebijakan (plural)

Affixed bijak + ke- -an. Attested from 1970s-1980s.


demonstrasi

From Dutch demonstratie, from Middle French demonstration, from Old French demonstration, from Latin demonstrationem, from demonstrare (“show or explain”), from de- (“of or concerning”) + monstrare (“show”). Cognate Afrikaans demonstrasie.

the act of demonstrating; showing or explaining something.

a public display of group opinion, such as a protest march.


desentralisasi

Affixed de- + sentralisasi, from Dutch decentralisatie.

decentralization, decentralisation: the action of decentralizing, or the state of being decentralized.


distraksi

From Dutch distractie (reinforced by English distraction), from Middle French distraction, from Latin distractio.

distraction:
the process of being distracted.


kaiju eiga

From Japanese 怪獣映画(かいじゅうえいが) (kaijūeiga, literally “monster + film”).


kekonsistenan

synonym of konsistensi (“consistency; consistence”)


kroisan

From French croissant (a spelling pronunciation).

(cooking) croissant (a flaky roll or pastry in a form of a crescent)


stormking

Genericization of the trademark Storm-King.


inkuiri

From English inquiry, possibly via Malay inkuiri, from Middle English enquery, from the Old French verb enquerre, from Latin inquīrō.


kitar

Contraction of ke- + edar, from Malay kitar. Compare Old Javanese kedĕr (“turned round; overturned; wandering, spinning”).


kitar

(transport) cycle: the number of activities that can be carried out by a means of transportation from one starting point per unit time.


kapang

From Malay kapang, from Minangkabau [Term?].


kapang

From Javanese ꦏꦥꦁ (kapang, “to long, to yearn”).


sungut

(zoology) barbel: whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.


kacek

From Javanese ꦏꦕꦺꦏ꧀ (kacék, “different; superior”).


karlak

From Dutch kakkerlak (“contemptible person”, literally “cockroach”), lacker (“talker, freeloader”).


kangka

From Chinese Hokkien 港跤 (káng-kha, “port”).


nampak

Back-formation from penampakan, or nasalization of tampak. Probably inherited from Malay. Occurred in some Malay dialects.

Nonstandard form of tampak (“to be visible”).


transparan

From Dutch transparant (“transparent”), from Medieval Latin trānspārēns, trānspārēntis (“transparent”), present participle of transpareō.


risalah

From Malay risalah, from Arabic رِسَالَة (risāla, “message, letter”).


Maois

gerakan Maois


Maoisme

Abimael Guzmán adalah seorang pengikut Maoisme.
Abimael Guzmán is an adherent of Maoism.


jurus

stance: the manner, pose, or posture in which one stands.


destinasi

From Dutch destinatie, from French destination, from Latin dēstinātiō, from dēstinō (“to destine”).

Destinasi wisata ditutup sementara jika melanggar prokes.

Tourist destination will be temporary closed if it broke the health protocol.

destination: the place set for the end of a journey, or to which something is sent; place or point aimed at.


erupsi

From Dutch eruptie, from Middle French éruption, from Latin eruptiō.

(geology) a violent ejection, such as the spurting out of lava from a volcano.

(dermatology) an infection of the skin resulting in a rash or blemishing.


ilmu perbintangan

Compound of ilmu + perbintangan, calque of Dutch sterrenkunde (“astronomy”).


transkrip

From Dutch transcript, from Latin transcriptum, from transcribere.

transcript: something which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy.

(education) transcript of academic record; diploma supplement.


defisien

From Dutch deficiënt, from Latin deficiens, present participle of deficere (“to lack, fail, be wanting”).

lacking something essential; often construed with in.

deficient:
insufficient or inadequate in amount.


dies natalis

From Dutch dies natalis, from Latin diēs nātālis.


dandang

From Malay dandang, from Proto-Malayic *dandaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daŋdaŋ. Assimilation from *-ŋd- to *-nd- occurred, compare pandan ← Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋdan (the expected outcomes would be *dangdang and *pangdan).


asah

From Malay asah, from Proto-Malayic *asah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hasaq, from Proto-Austronesian *Sasaq (“whet, sharpen”).


hilir

Inherited from Malay hilir, from Classical Malay هيلير (hilir), from Proto-Malayic *hilir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiliʀ.


seimbang

Affixed se- + imbang, from Malay seimbang.


ketawa

(colloquial) synonym of tertawa (“to laugh”).


emper

overhang (portion of the roof structure)


perah

From Malay perah, from Proto-Austronesian *pəʀəq. Compare peras (“to juice, milk”).


pemerintah pusat

Compound of pemerintah (“government”) + pusat (“central”).

com

(politics, government) central government: the highest level of government in a unitary state.


hak asasi manusia

Compound of hak (“right”) + asasi (“basic”) + manusia (“human”). Compare to Japanese 基本的人権(きほんてきじんけん) (kihontekijinken, literally “basic human right”) and Chinese 基本人權／基本人权.

ja-r

(law) human right: a basic right that all humans should be guaranteed by virtue of them being a human.


samsat

abbreviation of sistem administrasi manunggal satu atap (“one-stop service administration system”, literally “one-roof integrated administration system”).

one-stop integrated service, synonym of pelayanan terpadu satu pintu (“one-stop integrated service”, literally “one-door integrated service”).

an integrated one-stop service administration system in Indonesia for motor vehicle registration and licensing between police, provincial revenue service, and motor vehicle injury insurance company.

(colloquial) motor vehicle registration, vehicle licensing.


bijan

Affixed bija (“seed”) + -an, from Malay bijan. Doublet of bijian and wijen.


mengidentifikasi

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mêngidèntifikasi (active mengidentifikasi, accidental passive teridentifikasi, passive diidentifikasi)

mêngidèntifikasi (canonical)
mengidentifikasi (active)
diidentifikasi (passive)


identifikasi

From Dutch identificatie, from French identification.


jilid

From Malay jilid, from Classical Persian جلد (jild, “volume”, literally “binding”), from Arabic جِلْد (jild, “skin; hide; leather”).


sastra klasik

(literature) pre-European contact literature.


kenal

kênal (canonical)
collquial (imperative)


denotasi

From Dutch denotatie, from French dénotation, from Latin denotatio.

(logic, linguistics, semiotics) denotation: The primary, surface, literal, or explicit meaning of a signifier such as a word, phrase, or symbol; that which a word denotes, as contrasted with its connotation; the aggregate or set of objects of which a word may be predicated.


sumbut

From Javanese ꦱꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦠ꧀ (sumbut, “worthwhile”).


tangan jahat

Compound of tangan (“hand”) + jahat (“evil”).


dasarian

Blend of dasa- (“ten”) + harian (“daily”).


manajemen data

Compound of manajemen + data, calque of English data management.

data management: all the disciplines related to managing data as a valuable resource, such as data modeling or metadata management.


pengujian inkremental

Compound of pengujian + inkremental, calque of English incremental testing.


mencuci

head

mêncuci (base/imperative/colloquial cuci, active mencuci, ordinary passive dicuci, adversative passive tercuci)


menyepel

mênyêpèl (base/imperative/colloquial sepel, active menyepel, passive disepel)

mênyêpèl (canonical)
menyepel (active)
disepel (passive)

(colloquial) to spell: to read (something) as though letter by letter; to peruse slowly or with effort.


mengeja

mêngèja (base/imperative/colloquial eja, active mengeja, passive dieja)

mêngèja (canonical)
mengeja (active)
dieja (passive)


nilai etik

ethical value: the degree of importance of something or action, with the aim of determining what actions are best to do or what way is best to live, or to describe the significance of different actions


paripurna

Affixed pari- + purna, from Javanese ꦥꦫꦶꦥꦸꦂꦤ (paripurna, “finished, over; complete, plenary”), from Old Javanese paripūrṇa (“full, perfect, complete”), from Sanskrit परिपूर्ण (paripūrṇa). Compare to Thai บริบูรณ์ (bɔɔ-rí-buun) and Khmer បរិបូរ (bɑɑrebou).


purba-

From Malay purba (“ancient”), from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva). Doublet of purwa.


purwa-

From Javanese ꦥꦸꦂꦮ (purwa, “ancient, beginning”), from Old Javanese pūrwa (“beginning, front, eastern”), from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva). Doublet of purba.


-sentris

From Ancient Greek κεντρικός (kentrikós, “central”). Compare English -centric, German -zentrisch.


-anda

(often honorific, poetic) Used to denote esteem and familiarity, often attached to familial subjects


asta-

From Malay asta, from Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


daktilo-

From New Latin dactylo-, from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


dasa-

From Malay dasa, from Sanskrit दश (dáśa), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Doublet of deka-.


ayam katik

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of ayam katai (“bantam chicken”)


ayam ketawa

ayam + ketawa. From the stuttering crows the breed's roosters make that sound like laughter.

a breed of chicken from Sulawesi known for its distinctive crow.


analekta

From Ancient Greek ἀνάλεκτα (análekta, “things chosen”), from ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) + λέγω (légō, “I gather”).


Datu

Borrowed from Bima Datu. Doublet of datu. Cognate to Old Malay dātu.

(Bima) a title for noblemen of Bima people (indigenous of the Bima island) who are the descendant of ancient monarchs in Bima island.


GAM

Gerakan Aceh Merdeka
w:Gerakan Aceh Merdeka

(historical) Acronym of Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (“Free Aceh Movement”), a separatist movement demanding for the independence of Aceh from Indonesia.


memprakirakan

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mêmprakirakan (imperative prakirakan, active memprakirakan, passive diprakirakan)

mêmprakirakan (canonical)
prakirakan (imperative)
memprakirakan (active)
diprakirakan (passive)


dewan mahasiswa

(education) students' union: student organization to provide services to students, especially of higher education.


monumen

From Dutch monument, from Latin monumentum.

monument: an important site owned by the community as a whole.


lintah darat

(figurative) bloodsucker, loan shark, profiteer, usurer.


marhaen

der

Arabic مرهاءين


transliterasi

Affixed trans- + literasi, from Dutch transliteratie.


marhaenisme

→ English: Marhaenism


marhaenis

→ English: Marhaenist


nyiru

From Malay nyiru, from Classical Malay ڽيرو (nyiru), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀinu. Compare Cebuano nigo.


oligarkis

oligarchic (pertaining to rule by a few)


bodok

Inherited from Malay bodok, from Javanese budhug.


langsuir

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦶꦁꦱꦶꦂ (lingsir, “sunset, fall”), inherited from Old Javanese lingsir (“slide down”).

bor

A hollowed-back female ghost in Indonesian (Javanese) mythology usually appears since the sunset began until the dawn. Sometimes, it could appear as a Javan hawk-eagle entity.


lengser

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦶꦁꦱꦶꦂ (lingsir, “fall”), inherited from Old Javanese lingsir (“slide down”).


purbawisesa

Compound of purba- + wisesa, from Javanese ꦥꦸꦂꦧꦮꦶꦱꦺꦱ (purbawisésa, “dominance; power”, literally “prime abundant”), from Old Javanese pūrwa (“prominent; first”) + wiśeṣa (“eminent, excellent; supreme”), from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva) + विशेष (viśeṣa).

com

पूर्व (pūrva) + विशेष (viśeṣa)


klasifikasi

From Dutch classificatie, from French classification.


wisesa

From Malay wisesa, from Javanese ꦮꦶꦱꦺꦱ (wisésa, “authority”), from Old Javanese wiśeṣa (“eminent, excellent; supreme”), from Sanskrit विशेष (viśeṣa).


kerupuk

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀ (krupuk), from Old Javanese kěrupuk (“crunchy flake”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka- + *rupuk (“crack”), probably onomatopoeic. Cognate with Malay keropok, Tagalog kropek. Doublet of keropok.

krupuk (prawn crackers, or any other deep-fried crackers from Indonesian (Javanese) cuisine)


kerupuk

Borrowed from Betawi kerupuk, from Javanese ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀ (krupuk).


konfigurasi

From Dutch configuratie, from Latin cōnfigūrātiō.

form; figure; form factor: as depending on the relative disposition of the parts of a thing's shape.

(chemistry, physics) the arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure like a crystal.

(algebra) a finite set of points and lines (and sometimes planes), generally with equal numbers of points per line and equal numbers of lines per point.


keropok

From Javanese ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀ (krupuk), from Old Javanese kěrupuk (“crunchy flake”). Doublet of kerupuk.


kerupuk udang

Compound of kerupuk (“crackers”) + udang (“prawn, shrimp”), from Calque of Javanese ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (krupuk hurang). Cognate of Malay keropok udang.

clq

prawn crackers originally from Javanese cuisine.


krupuk udang

id-noun

krupuk udang (plural krupuk-krupuk udang)


anjungan tunai mandiri

anjungan tunai mandiri (plural anjungan-anjungan tunai mandiri)

anjungan-anjungan tunai mandiri (plural)

Compound of anjungan (“platform; pavilion”) + tunai (“cash”) + mandiri (“autonomous; independent”), literally “autonomous cash platform”, a phono-semantic matching of English automated teller machine. Coined by Komisi Istilah.

psm

automated teller machine
automated teller machine

automated teller machine (a device that provides bank customers without a human teller)


wewara

Reduplication of wara, from Javanese ꦮꦫꦮꦫ (wara-wara, “public announcement, proclamation”), from Old Javanese warah-warah (“communication, information, report, instruction, teaching”).


moda raya terpadu

id-noun

moda raya terpadu (plural moda-moda raya terpadu)

Compound of moda (“means; mode”) + raya (“great”) + terpadu (“integrated”), a phono-semantic matching of English mass rapid transit. Coined by Komisi Istilah.


peninjau

Para peninjau dari luar negeri kagum atas hasil pembangunan yang telah dicapai oleh bangsa kita

The observers from abroad amazed by the development of our nation

observer: one who makes observations, monitors or takes notice


pembuluh darah

id-noun

pembuluh darah (plural pembuluh-pembuluh darah)

Compound of pembuluh (“vessel”) + darah (“blood”), calque of Dutch bloedvat (“blood vessel”). The sense in anatomy was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English vein.

clq

(anatomy) blood vessel: a component of the circulatory system, such as an artery, capillary, or vein, that carries blood.


Bima

Borrowed from Bima bima; derived from imbi (“believe; trust; faith”) + ruma (“God”).

compound

(ethnology) The indigenous people native to Bima region in Sumbawa island, West Nusa Tenggara province.

(linguistic) The native language of Bima people.

(geography) The region in Sumbawa island.

(administrative) The kabupaten (“regency”) in northeast and eastern hemisphere of Sumbawa island.


Bima

Bhima: In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, the second of the Pandava brothers.

West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara#English


tunggu

head

tunggu (active menunggu, passive ditunggu)

...mengingat para penunggu yang makin lanjut usia, sering sakit-sakitan, dan tinggal menunggu ajal, dengan kenyataan tidak/belum memiliki rumah.

2021, H.R. Sismono, Mengenal Kehidupan Penyandang Disabilitas, Nuansa Cendekia, page 39:

...considering the dwellers which are getting older, often get sick, and just waiting for [their] death, with the fact that [they] do not/do not yet have houses.

to wait for, await (to wait until the specified event occurs)

Yang menunggu pohon beringin ini tidak tahan lagi dengan asap kemenyan itu

1996, Zainul Arifin Aliana, Unsur kekerabatan dalam tutur sastra Nusantara di Sumatera Selatan, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, page 57:

[The spirit] who dwells in this banyan tree can't stand the incense smoke anymore.

...bekas sopir Maria yang menunggu rumah kosong itu sampai pemilik baru datang

2004, Pipiet Senja, Lakon kita Cinta, Mandiri Visi Media, page 179:

...the Maria's former driver who dwells the empty house until the new owner comes.

(rare or obsolete) to dwell, live, reside


sanggul

From Malay sanggul, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋgul.


cemani

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦼꦩꦤꦶ (cemani, “pure black”).


cemani

cemani:


teokratis

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch theocratisch.

(politics) theocratic: Pertaining to theocracy.


lantak

Borrowed from Malay [Term?] (Riau dialect), probably Minangkabau [Term?].

wood or bamboo slats used as nails on rattan ladders used to collect honey


lantak

Torajan worship of people who have been buried for a long time, carried out in cemeteries by slaughtering buffalo


etos

Borrowed from Dutch ethos (“ethos”), from Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”).


l'art pour l'art

Unadapted borrowing from French l’art pour l’art (“art for art's sake”).


hubristik

Borrowed from English hubristic, from Ancient Greek ὑβριστικός (hubristikós).

off, or relating to hubris; overly arrogant

displaying hubris (as a personality characteristic)


persentase

Reconstructed from persen + -ase, borrowed from Dutch percentage.

percentage: the amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole.


spionase

Reconstructed from spion + -ase, from Dutch spionage, from French espionnage.


konsekuensi

Affixed konsekuen + -si, from Dutch consequentie, from Latin cōnsequentia.


inefisiensi

Affixed in- + efisien + -si, from Dutch inefficiëntie.


intervensi

From Dutch interventie, from Latin interventiō, from interveniō (“I intervene, come between”).


kabotase

From Dutch cabotage, from French cabotage.

(law) cabotage: the right to engage in transport of goods or passengers between two points in the same country.


betonisasi

Affixed beton (“concrete”) + -isasi, compare to French bétonisation, bétonnisation (“excessive urbanisation”).


kolase

From Dutch collage, from French collage.

a composite object or collection (abstract or concrete) created by the assemblage of various media; especially for a work of art such as text, film, etc.

the technique of producing a work of art of this kind.


etalase

From Dutch etalage, from French étalage, from Middle French [Term?], from Medieval Latin stallagium.


anjungan

pavilion (structure erected to house exhibits at a fair, etc.)

(computing) platform (computer system used to deliver services to clients)


rafinasi

From Dutch raffinage, from French raffinage.

refinement; removal of impurities, or a purified material.


rafinasi

refined; reduced to a fine, unmixed, or pure state.


gula rafinasi

refined sugar: raw sugar that has undergone a refining process to remove the molasses.


tonase

Affixed ton + -ase, from Dutch tonnage, from Middle French tonnage.

the capacity of a ship's hold etc in units of 100 cubic feet.

the number of tons of water that a floating ship displaces.


sapta-

From Sanskrit सप्त, सप्तन् (sapta, saptan, “seven”). Doublet of hepta-.

bor

सप्त, सप्तन्


kinerja

performance: the amount of useful work accomplished estimated in terms of time needed, resources used, etc.


introduksi

From Dutch introductie, from French introduction, from Latin intrōductiō.

introduction:
the act or process of introducing.

a means, such as a personal letter, of presenting one person to another.

an initial section of a book or article, which introduces the subject material.


kuasi-

From Dutch quasi-, kwasi-, from Latin quasi (“as if”).


kata serapan

Compound of kata (“word”) + serapan (“absorbed, penetrated”), calque of Arabic لفظ دخيل (lafz dakhil, “loanword”, literally “penetrating word”)

clq

Kata "keju" itu sendiri merupakan kata serapan.


mengabstrakkan

to consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality

to abstract:
to perform the process of abstraction.

to abstract:
to summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.


abstraksi

Internationalism, affixed abstrak + -si, from Dutch abstractie, from Middle French abstraction, from Latin abstractiō.

the act of abstracting, separating, withdrawing, or taking away; withdrawal; the state of being taken away.

(psychology) preoccupation: absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects.

(computing) any generalization technique that ignores or hides details to capture some kind of commonality between different instances for the purpose of controlling the intellectual complexity of engineered systems, particularly software systems.


madah

From Malay madah, from Arabic مَدْح (madḥ, “praise, tell”).


madah

maddah: An Arabic diacritic; In the Qur'an, it indicates an extra long vowel and can appear over any long vowel.


ruang muatan

Compound of ruang + muatan, calque of Dutch scheepsruim.

(nautical) cargo hold: a hold on a ship (a ship's hold includes the forehold and stern hold), used to store cargo during a voyage.


muatan

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry, physics) an electric charge.


otoritas nasional

(government, politics) national authority.


listrik statis

Compound of listrik + statis, calque of Dutch statische elektriciteit (“static electricity”).


kompleksitas siklomatik

Compound of kompleksitas + *siklomatik, from English cyclomatic complexity.

cyclomatic complexity
cyclomatic complexity


kompleksitas

Affixed kompleks + -itas. Displaced earlier loanword kompleksitet from Dutch complexiteit.


manca-

Clipping of mancanegara (“foreign country; international”), from Javanese ꦩꦚ꧀ꦕꦤꦒꦫ (mancanagara, “outer provinces; overseas”), from Old Javanese mañcanagara, from Sanskrit मञ्च (mañca, “throne”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).


proteolisis

(biochemistry) proteolysis: the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids, especially as part of the digestion of food.


kecebong

/kəˈt͡ʃɛ.bɔŋ/

Borrowed from Betawi kecebong. Doublet of cebong.


nawa-

From Malay nawa, from Sanskrit नव, नवन् (nava, navan, “nine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


kapita selekta

From Dutch capita selecta, from Latin capita selecta (literally “selected paragraph/section”).

der

(education) selected important (compare to anthology) scientific publication


kapitalisasi

Affixed kapital + -isasi, from Dutch kapitalisatie.

choice of case (when writing a word); the act or process of writing a word in a particular case.

the act or process of seizing (an opportunity) and profiting or obtaining an advantage (from it).

(business) an issue of shares by a company known as a rights issue or bonus issue.

capitalisation, capitalization:
the state of being capitalised.
the state of having a particular case.


HTS

hubungan tanpa status
hubungan tanpa status#Indonesian

Initialism of hubungan tanpa status (“situationship”, literally “no label relationship”).


WIB

Waktu Indonesia Barat
Waktu Indonesia Barat#Indonesian


WITA

Waktu Indonesia Tengah
Waktu Indonesia Tengah#Indonesian


pekerja seks komersial

id-noun

pekerja seks komersial (plural pekerja-pekerja seks komersial)

Compound from pekerja (“worker”) + seks (“sex”) + komersial (“commercial”), literally “commercial sex worker”.


komputasi

Affixed *komputa + -si, from English computation (regularized as Dutch computatie loanword), from Middle French computation, from Latin computatiō, from computare (“sum up, reckon, compute”).

(computing science) the use of a computer or computers.

computing:
the use of a computer or computers.

the study of computers and computer programming.


jeriji

Inherited from Malay jeriji. Cognate to Balinese ᬚ᭄ᬭᬶᬚᬶ (jriji, “finger”), Javanese ꦢꦿꦶꦗꦶ (driji, “finger”).


mengerti

Saya tidak mengerti kata itu.


afidavit

Borrowed from Dutch affidavit, from Medieval Latin affidavit (“he has sworn”).

der

(law, literal) affidavit: a signed document wherein an affiant makes a sworn statement.

(government, specifically) the form of immigration facilities provided to a child holding a foreign passport who has limited dual citizenship in the form of a sticker containing a valid explanation regarding the child's limited dual citizenship status and is affixed to the child's foreign passport, when entering Indonesia are exempt from the obligation to have a visa, immigration permit and re-entry permit.


sahang

From Malay sahang, from Old Javanese sahaṅ (“pepper”).

(Kalimantan) black pepper (Piper nigrum):


rica-rica

(cooking) rica-rica: a type of Southeast Asian hot and spicy bumbu (spice mixture) found in Manado cuisine of North Sulawesi, Indonesia.


diagnosis banding

Compound of diagnosis + banding, calque of Dutch differentiële diagnose.

differential diagnosis
differential diagnosis#English

(medicine, colloquial) differential diagnosis.


diagnosis diferensial

Compound of diagnosis + diferensial, calque of Dutch differentiële diagnose.


diagnosis pembanding

Compound of diagnosis + pembanding, calque of Dutch differentiële diagnose.


hematuri

From Dutch hematurie, from French hématurie.

(pathology) hematuria, haematuria: the presence of blood in the urine


hipoglikemia

(pathology) hypoglycemia: a too low level of blood glucose.


ginekomastia

Compare English gynecomastia and Dutch gynaecomastie.

(pathology) gynecomastia, gynaecomastia: excessive development of breasts in males, resembling the breast development in women.


sinkope

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ). Doublet of sinkop.

lbor

(linguistics, phonology, prosody) syncope: the loss or elision of a sound, from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable.


sinkop

From Dutch syncope, from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ). Doublet of sinkopé.

(pathology) syncope: a loss of consciousness when someone faints.


silinder

From Dutch cilinder, from French cylindre or directly from Latin cylindrus (“roller, cylinder”), from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros, “a cylinder, roller, roll”), from κυλίνδω (kulíndō, “to roll”).

der

(geometry) a surface created by projecting a closed two-dimensional curve along an axis intersecting the plane of the curve; a solid figure bounded by a cylinder and two parallel planes intersecting the cylinder.

any object in the form of a circular cylinder.


mengedep

head

mêngêdèp (base/imperative dep, active mengedep, passive didep)

mêngêdèp (canonical)
mengedep (active)
didep (passive)

(colloquial) to hold; to cause to wait or delay

(surgery) to press, to compress, or to apply pressure at bleeding site, specifically with gauze.


renjatan

shock: a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.


rawatan

Affixed rawat + -an, from Malay rawatan.

care: the object of watchful attention or anxiety.


perawatan

(medicine) nursing: the process or profession of caring for patients as a nurse.


rawat jalan

Compound of rawat (“care”) + jalan (“walk”), calque of Dutch ambulante zorg (literally “ambulatory care”).

clq

(healthcare) ambulatory care, outpatient care: medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services.


rawat inap

Compound of rawat (“care”) + inap (“to stay”), calque of Dutch intramurale zorg (literally “inpatient care”).

(healthcare) inpatient care: medical care of patients whose condition requires admission to a hospital.


latar belakang

Compound of latar (“(back)yard”) + belakang (“back”), calque of Dutch achtergrond (“background”).

clq

context: a part of the picture that depicts scenery to the rear or behind the main subject.

history: information relevant to the current situation about past events.

background music: any music in a film, video game or other medium that establishes mood and is not meant to have the audience's focus.


pelat merah

Compound of pelat (“plate”) + merah (“red”).

Pelat merah adalah nomor pelat kendaraan yang berdasar merah sebagai tanda kendaraan pemerintah.

Red plate is license plate with red background for government motor vehicle.

license plate with red background for government motor vehicle in Indonesia


pelat merah

Motor plat merah dipakai untuk kerja sampingan.

Government motorcycle used for sidekick.

Bank pelat merah kuasai pangsa pasar kredit perbankan.

State-owned banks control banking credit marketshare.


juruh

From Malay juruh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq. Doublet of duh.


salah guna

Compound of salah (“mis-”) + guna (“use”), calque of Dutch misbruik (“abuse”, literally “misuse”).

(law) base form of penyalahgunaan (“abuse”)


disalahgunakan

head

disalahgunakan (active menyalahgunakan, passive disalahgunakan)

menyalahgunakan (active)
disalahgunakan (passive)

passive of menyalahgunakan (“to abuse; to misuse; to use improperly”)


pangsa

From Malay pangsa, from Sanskrit अंश (aṃśa).

share: a portion of something, especially a portion given or allotted to someone.


renjat

From Malay renjat. Compare to Indonesian peranjat.


apartemen

From Dutch appartement, from French appartement, from Italian appartamento, from Spanish apartamiento.


NIK

(government) initialism of nomor induk kependudukan (“resident registration number”).


kependudukan

Circumfixed penduduk + ke- -an or duduk + ke- -an + peng-, calque of Dutch bevolkingsleer (“demography”).

clq

demography: the study of the characteristics of human populations, especially with regards to their makeup and fluctuations and the social causes behind these.

residency: the condition of being a resident of a particular place.


encek

From Malay encik, likely from Hokkien 引叔 (ín-chek, “uncle”).

term of address for an adult Chinese man


encek

winnow of bamboo wickerwork (covered with a piece of white cloth, for offerings).


mengoperasikan

head

mêngopêrasikan (active mengoperasikan, passive dioperasikan)

mêngopêrasikan (canonical)
mengoperasikan (active)
dioperasikan (passive)

to perform a work or labour; to exert power or strength, physical or mechanical; to act.

(rare) to perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.


dioperasikan

diopêrasikan (active mengoperasikan, passive dioperasikan)

diopêrasikan (canonical)
mengoperasikan (active)
dioperasikan (passive)


mengoperasi

mêngopêrasi (active mengoperasikan, passive dioperasi)

mêngopêrasi (canonical)
mengoperasikan (active)
dioperasi (passive)

(surgery) to operate: to perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.


dioperasi

diopêras (active mengoperasi, passive dioperasi)

diopêras (canonical)
mengoperasi (active)
dioperasi (passive)


tahun akademi

Compound of tahun (“year”) + akademi (“academy”), calque of English academic year.


tilik

From Malay tilik.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦶꦭꦶꦏ꧀ (tilik, “visit”)

sl

(dialect) visitation: the act of visiting, or an instance of being visited


daftar tilik

Compound of daftar (“list”) + tilik (“check”), calque of English checklist.


personalisasi

Affixed personal + -isasi, from Dutch personalisatie.

personalization, personalisation: the act of personalizing something, or adapting it for somebody's needs or tastes.


daftar periksa

daftar (“list”) + periksa (“check”), calque of English checklist.


par avion

Unadapted borrowing from French par avion (“by plane”).


koskap

(medicine, colloquial) (part of) clinical clerkship, clinical rotation: period of medical education in which students – medical, nursing, dental, or otherwise – practice medicine under the supervision of a health practitioner.


emang gue pikirin

emang (“indeed”) + gue (“I, me”) + pikirin (“think”)

com

"Dasar pikiran lo kotor mulu, sih! Kasihan banget deh yang jadi cewek elo ntar!" "Emang gue pikirin?!"

1992, Arini Suryo kusumo, Taruhan, PT Gramedia Utama, page 70:

"Your mind is dirty! I really feel sorry, but you are becoming a girl!" "I don't care!"

(slang) I don't care; I don't give a crap


kurang kerjaan

Elina meletakkan cilok yang ia bawa di meja lain, lalu menghampiri keempat orang yang menurutnya kurang kerjaan itu. “Kalian kurang kerjaan atau nggak waras, sih?”

2019, Anggia Cossito, Butuh Pendamping, Gee Publishing, page 343:

Elina put the cilok she brought on another table, then walked over to the four people who she thought were got nothing better to do. "You guys got too much time on your hands or insane, huh?"

(idiomatic, informal) got nothing better to do; got too much time on your hands


rawan

(anatomy) ellipsis of tulang rawan (“cartilage”).


rawan

From Urdu رواں (ravāṅ', “to set agoing”), from Persian روان (ravân, “flowing”).

takhta rawan


kelenjar adrenal

Compound of kelenjar (“gland”) + adrenal (“adrenal”).

com+

adrenal gland (in mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism)


toko buku

toko (“shop; store”) + buku (“book”) Calque of Dutch boekwinkel (“bookshop; bookstore”)


tiba-tiba

suddenly (happening quickly and with little or no warning; in a sudden manner)


buaya darat

Compound of buaya (“crocodile”) + darat (“land”).


mertua

Inherited from Malay mertua, from Javanese ꦩꦫꦠꦸꦮ (maratuwa).


tulang rawan

Compound of tulang (“bone”) + rawan (“fragile; young, smooth”). Compare to Chinese 軟骨／软骨 (ruǎngǔ, “cartilage”, literally “soft; weak + bone”) and Dutch kraakbeen (literally “crack bone”).

cog

(anatomy) cartilage: A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates.


serawan

Affixed se- + rawan, from Malay serawan.

(archaic) classifier for things that occur in a small series/sets/suits


rujukan

Affixed rujuk + -an, from Malay rujukan.

additional information or context about.

reference: a measurement one can compare to; a previously published written work thus indicated.

(healthcare) referral, referring: the act or process of transferring someone or something to another, of sending by reference.


wahah

From Malay wahah, from Arabic واحة (wāḥa), from Coptic ⲟⲩⲁϩⲓ (ouahi), from Demotic wḥj, from Egyptian G43-V28-G1-X1:N25 (wḥꜣt). Doublet of oasis.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">wḥꜣt</i>


rujuk

From Malay rujuk, from Arabic رُجُوع (rujūʕ, “return; answer; reference”).

to reconcile: to restore a friendly relationship:

(figurative) other relation than marriage.

to allude to, make a reference or allusion to.

(healthcare) to transfer a patient's care from one clinician to another.


rujuk

reconciliation: the re-establishment of friendly relations; conciliation, rapprochement.


perlak

waterproof: cloth made waterproof, or any article made of such cloth, or of other waterproof material, as rubber; especially, an outer garment made of such material.


plester

From Dutch pleister, from Middle Dutch plaester, from Old French plastre, from Latin plastrum, from emplastrum, from Ancient Greek ἔμπλαστρον (émplastron), from ἔμπλαστον (émplaston).

render, stucco: a mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with the addition of fibres, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings.


keram

head

kêram (base-imperative keram, active mengeram, passive dikeram)

kêram (canonical)
mengeram (active)
dikeram (passive)

to imprison, to incarcerate, to lock up.


keram

From Dutch kramp, from Middle Dutch crampe, from Old Dutch *crampo, from Frankish *krampa, from Proto-Germanic *krampô, related to *krampō.

cramp: a painful contraction of a muscle which cannot be controlled.


rekomendasi

rékomèndasi (canonical)
rekomendasi-rekomendasi (plural)

From Dutch recommandatie, from Medieval Latin recommendatio.

recommendation: an act of recommending; that which is recommended.

Pemerintah menyetujui rekomendasi DPR tentang kenaikan gaji pegawai negeri

The government approves the DPR's recommendation on the increasing of public servants' wages.

a suggestion or proposal about the best course of action.


rekomendasi

rékomèndasi (canonical)
rekomendasi (root)
merekomendasi (active)
terekomendasi (active involuntary)
direkomendasi (active involuntary passive)
rekomendasi (active)
rekomendasilah (active)
merekomendasikan (active applicative causative)
terekomendasikan (applicative causative)
direkomendasikan (applicative causative passive)
rekomendasikan (applicative causative)
rekomendasikanlah (applicative causative)
memperrekomendasikan (active applicative causative)
terperrekomendasikan (applicative causative)
diperrekomendasikan (applicative causative passive)
perrekomendasikan (applicative causative)
perrekomendasikanlah (applicative causative)


memodifikasi

mêmodifikasi (active memodifikasi, passive dimodifikasi)

mêmodifikasi (canonical)
memodifikasi (active)
dimodifikasi (passive)

Nomina dalam bahasa Jawa umumnya diletakkan sebelum atribut yang memodifikasinya.

Javanese nouns are usually placed befor attributes that modify it.


widyaprada

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, science, scholarship”) + प्रद (prada, “granting”).


perhimpunan

pêrhimpunan (canonical)
perhimpunan-perhimpunan (plural)


buku ajar

Compound of buku + ajar, probably calque from Chinese 課本／课本 (“textbook”, literally “lesson book”).


olah

Inherited from Malay olah, further etymology is unknown.. The verbal sense is perhaps a semantic loan from Javanese ꦲꦺꦴꦭꦃ (olah, “to prepare”, literally “to practice”).

sl

manner, action, act; especially of something bad


olah

Mereka mengolah daging itu menjadi bakso.

Data sedang diolah.


barongan

Affixed barong + -an, from Javanese ꦧꦫꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ (barongan).


SJSN

jaminan sosial
jaminan sosial#Indonesian

(government) initialism of sistem jaminan sosial nasional (“national social security system”).


jaminan

Affixed jamin + -an, from Malay jaminan.


ujaran kebencian

Compound of ujaran (“speech”) + kebencian (“hatred”), calque of English hate speech.

com

hate speech: speech that attacks or disparages a person or group of persons on the basis of origin, race, nationality, ethnicity, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.


jaminan sosial

Compound of jaminan (“security”) + sosial (“social”), calque of English social security.


SPO

standar prosedur operasi
standar prosedur operasi#Indonesian

standard operating procedure
standard operating procedure

Initialism of standar prosedur operasi (“standard operating procedure”).


pelaburan

whitewashing, resurfacing, specifically the application of whitewash, a lime and water mixture for painting walls and fences bright white.


jatah

From Malay jatah. From Sanskrit [Term?].

ration: a portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group.


rejimen

(medicine) regimen: any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation.


eksotis

From Dutch exotisch, from French exotique, from Middle French exotique, from Latin exōticus, from Ancient Greek ἐξωτικός (exōtikós).

exotic:
foreign, especially in an exciting way.


meja hijau

Compound of meja (“table; desk”) + hijau (“green”).


alinyemen

From Dutch alignement, from French alignement.

Alinyemen horizontal merupakan sumbu proyeksi jalan pada bidang horizontal.

Horizontal alignment is road projection axis on horizontal plane.

(transport) alignment: the precise route or course taken by a linear way (road, railway, footpath, etc.) between two points.


pondok pesantren

pondok pesantren: a traditional Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia.


menyesatkan

head

mênyêsatkan (active menyesatkan, passive disesatkan)

mênyêsatkan (canonical)
menyesatkan (active)
disesatkan (passive)

konten yang menyesatkan


antrean

a line of people, vehicles or other objects, usually one to be dealt with in sequence (i.e., the one at the front end is dealt with first, the one behind is dealt with next, and so on), and which newcomers join at the opposite end (the back).

a waiting list or other means of organizing people or objects into a first-come-first-served order.

(computing) a data structure in which objects are added to one end, called the tail, and removed from the other, called the head (in the case of a FIFO queue), which the term can also refer to a LIFO queue or stack where these ends coincide.


sampuli

sampuli (active menyampuli, passive disampuli)

(transitive) to cover (to place cover or wrapper over or upon)


navigasi

Borrowed from Dutch navigatie, ultimately derived from Latin nāvigātiō.

the theory, practice and technology of charting a course for a road vehicle, ship, aircraft, or spaceship.

traffic or travel by vessel, especially commercial shipping.

the act of accessing different components of the user interface of software.


navigasi

navigasi (active menavigasi, passive dinavigasi)

menavigasi (active)
dinavigasi (passive)

(transitive) to plan, control and record the position and course of a vehicle, ship, aircraft, etc., on a journey; to follow a planned course.

(intransitive, only conjugated with "meng-") to give directions, as from a map, to someone driving a vehicle.

(intransitive, only conjugated with "meng-") to travel over water in a ship; to sail.

(transitive) to move between web pages, menus, etc. by means of hyperlinks, mouse clicks, or any other mechanism


mahakarya

Affixed maha- + karya, from Malay mahakarya, from Sanskrit महाकार्य (mahākārya).


simpleks

Learned borrowing from Latin simplex. Doublet of simpel.


pelepah

pêlêpah (canonical)
pelepah-pelepah (plural)

Inherited from Malay pelepah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palaqpaq (“midrib of coconut leaf”).


formatif

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch formatief, from Middle French formatif.

Of or pertaining to the formation and subsequent growth of something; Capable of forming something.

(grammar) Pertaining to the inflection of words.

formative:
Pertaining to the inflection of words.

(education) Denoting forms of assessment used to guide learning rather than to quantify educational outcomes.


formatif

(grammar) formative: A language unit that has morphological function.