dab

a kind of mat measuring approximately 2 m, made of woven pandan leaves that are connected by stitching


virus

Borrowed from Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

der

a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

(uncountable) a quantity of such infectious agents.

virus
a quantity of such infectious agents.

(metonymically) a disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.

(computing) a type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data.


abad

Borrowed from Arabic أَبَد (ʔabad, “eternity, eternal duration”) via Malay abad

bor+

batu nisan itu diperkirakan berumur satu abad

that tombstone is approximately a century years old

(literally) century, a period of 100 consecutive years.

age, an uncertain or undetermined of time

abad alabid


Abdul

From Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd, “servant [of]”) + ال (al-, “the”).

a male given name from Arabic used by Muslims


aba

Inherited from Malay aba, from Proto-Malayic *aba, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aba, from Proto-Austronesian *aba.


aba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧ (aba, “sign, sound; order, command; to order, command; spoken word; to say, to speak”).

signals in the form of knocking sounds on walls and so on which are usually heard before the death of a family member


les

Borrowed from Dutch les (“course, lesson”), from Middle Dutch lesse, from Latin lēctiō.

(education, colloquial) cram school, private tuition.


les

(education, colloquial) to cram, to study hard, to learn at cram school.


ako

From Hakka 阿哥 (â-kô, “elder brother”). Doublet of akeo and engkoh.


porta

Learned borrowing from Latin porta, from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (“to pass through/over”), probably as a feminine nominalization of *pr-tó- (“passed (through), crossed”). Doublet of portal.


breve

Borrowed from Dutch breve (“breve”), from Latin brevis (“short”).

(orthography) breve: a semicircular diacritical mark (˘) placed above a vowel, commonly used to mark its quantity as short.


kibbutz

Unadapted borrowing from Hebrew קִבּוּץ (kibúts), derived from the root קָבַץ (kaváts, “to gather, collect, assemble”).

ubor

kibbutz: a community, usually an agricultural one in Israel, based on a high level of social and economical sharing, equality, direct democracy and tight social relations.


coro

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ (coro, “cockroach”).

bor+

(colloquial) cockroach: a black or brown straight-winged insect of the order Blattodea.


ko

(Java, informal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


première

Unadapted borrowing from French première. Doublet of premier.


OTT

Initialism of operasi tangkap tangan (literally “hand-catching operation”).


bu

(slightly informal, between two speakers) mam

slightly informal; between two speakers; slightly informal; between two speakers


tout le monde

Unadapted borrowing from French tout le monde (“everyone, everybody”, literally “all the world”).


jus

From English juice, from Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”).

a liquid from a plant, especially fruit.


jus

From English deuce, from Middle English dewes (“two”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French deus, from Latin duo.

(sports, tennis) deuce: A tied game where either player can win by scoring two consecutive points.


s'il vous plaît

Unadapted borrowing from French s’il vous plaît (“please, if you please”, literally “if it pleases you”).


kondom

From Dutch condoom, from English condom.
* The sense of protective case or cover is comparable to the Dutch synonym kous (“condom, mantle”, literally “stocking, sock”).

(literal) condom: A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STDs.


lis

From Dutch lijst, from Italian lista, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *leizd (“band, border”).

der

list, a register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself.


lis

From Dutch lijst, from Middle Dutch lijste, from Old Dutch *līsta, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *leizd (“band, border”).


komputer

komputêr (canonical)
komputer-komputer (plural)

From English computer. Doublet of kantor and konter.

(computing) computer, a programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media.


telefon

head

telefon (active menelefon, passive ditelefon)


argentum

Learned borrowing from Latin argentum (“silver”).

lbor

(formal, mostly used in scientific contexts) silver


tata

From Malay tata, from Javanese ꦠꦠ (tata), from Old Javanese tatā (“arrangement, ordering; fixed order, rule”), from Pali tathā (“in this way”), from Sanskrit तथा (tathā, “in that manner”). Doublet of titi.


tata

(figurative, of a relationship) to build


ali

Inherited from Malay ali, from Arabic عَلِيّ (ʕaliyy).


vagina

Learned borrowing from Latin vāgīna (“a sheath, scabbard; a covering, sheath, holder”).

lbor

(anatomy) A passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.

(zootomy) A similar part in some invertebrates and non-mammalian amniotes.

(colloquial) The vulva, or collectively, the vulva and the vaginal passage.


tren

From English trend, from Middle English trenden "to roll about, turn, revolve", from Old English trendan "to roll about, turn, revolve" from Proto-Germanic *trandijaną (“to revolve”).

der

trend: an inclination in a particular direction; a tendency.

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


maternal

From English maternal, from Late Middle English maternal, maternall, from Middle French maternel (“maternal”) (modern French maternel (“maternal; native”)), or from its etymon Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”).


personal

From English personal, from Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”).


LAN

Lembaga Administrasi Negara
w:id:Lembaga Administrasi Negara


dos-à-dos

Unadapted borrowing from French dos-à-dos (literally “back-to-back”).

ubor

(dance) dos a dos: a move in square dancing in which two dancers face each other, then step forward and left until they have right shoulders adjacent, then move to a position where they are back to back, then move to have left shoulders adjacent, then return to facing each other.


mes

From Dutch mess (“mess”), from English mess, from Middle English mes, partly from Old English mēse, mēose (“table”); and partly from Old French mes, Late Latin missum, from mittō (“to put, place (e.g. on the table)”). Doublet of misa.


mes

From English mesh, from Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).

der

(engineering) mesh, structure or opening.


mes

From Dutch mest (“manure”), from Middle Dutch mest, from Old Dutch *mist, from Proto-Germanic *mihstuz. Semantic loan from Dutch kunstmest (“artificial fertilizer”).


mes

From Dutch mes (“blade”), from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Cognate of Japanese メス (mesu, “medical knife”) and Korean 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”).

der

Kemudian tampak fasia, diinsisi dengan memberikan mes no 22 dan dijepit dengan memberikan pinset cirurgis.

Fascia appeared, incised with 22 blade and clamped with surgical forceps.

Berikan mes no 15 dan pinset chirurgi pada operator untuk insisi kulit sampai fasia.

Give the blade 15 and surgical forceps to the operator for skin incision to the fascia.

(surgery, colloquial) scalpel, blade, medical knife.


maestro

Borrowed from Dutch maestro, from Italian maestro, from Latin magister (“master”). Doublet of magister, master, and mester.

maestro: a master in some art, especially a composer or conductor.


aye

(Jakarta, slang) First-person singular pronoun: I, me, my


aviator

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


avoirdupois

Unadapted borrowing from English avoirdupois, from Middle English avoir de pois, aver de peis, haburdy poyse, haburdepays, haburdepeyse, from Old French aveir + de + peis (“asset of weight”), influenced by Middle French avoir + du + pois.

ubor

The official system of weights used in the UK between 1856 and 1963. It had been the customary system in London since 1300.

The official system of weights used in the USA between 1866 and 1959.


golf

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English golf, most likely from Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“club”).

(sports) golf: A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.


kama

From Sanskrit काम (kāma, “love”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

love, especially sexual love or sensuality.

personification of love or desire as deity.


mag

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch maag (“stomach”), from Middle Dutch māge, from Old Dutch *mago, from Proto-Germanic *magô.


lapis

Inherited from Malay lapis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapis (“stone slab, thin layer”).


kamera

From Dutch camera, from English camera, from New Latin camera obscura (“dark chamber”), from Latin camera (“chamber or bedchamber”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “anything with an arched cover, a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, a vault”). Doublet of kamar and kamerad.

der

camera, a device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs.


sup

From Dutch soep (“soup”), from French soupe, from Latin suppa, from Proto-Germanic *supô.

Satu di antaranya adalah soto dan sup.


skala

From Dutch schaal (“scale”) or Portuguese escala, form Latin scala.

An ordered, usually numerical sequence used for measurement, means of assigning a magnitude.

The ratio of depicted distance to actual distance; A line or bar associated with a drawing, used to indicate measurement when the image has been magnified or reduced.

(mathematics) radix: A mathematical base for a numeral system.

gradation; succession of ascending and descending steps and degrees; progressive series; scheme of comparative rank or order.

A standard amount of money to be received.

(Standard Malay)

(music) A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.


logika

From Malay logika from Dutch logica, from Latin logica.

the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

a method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method.


kobra

From Dutch cobra, from Portuguese cobra, from Latin colubra (“snake”).

venomous snake from certain genera of the family Elapidae, especially of the genus Naja.

(zoology) cobra:
especially Indian cobra (Naja naja).


fotograf

* From Dutch fotograaf.
* Semantic loan from English photograph for photo sense.

photograph: a picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.


pes

From Dutch pest, from Middle French peste (whence French peste), ultimately from Latin pestis.


politik

From Malay politik, from Dutch politiek (“politics”), from French politique, from Ancient Greek πολιτική (politikḗ, “relating to the state; politics”), πόλις (pólis, “city, state”). By analogy with Aristotle’s "τα πολιτικά" ('affairs of state').

(politics) a methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement.

political maneuvers or diplomacy between people, groups, or organizations, especially involving power, influence or conflict.


pal

From Dutch paal (“pole”), from Middle Dutch pâel, from Old Dutch pāl, from Latin pālus. Semantic loan from Dutch mijlpaal (“milestone”).

sl

milestone, one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals, typically at the side of the road or in a median.


saga

From Malay saga, from Proto-Malayic *saga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saga.

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


matematika

matématika (canonical)
matematika-matematika (plural)

Either from Dutch mathematica or a learned borrowing from Latin, from Latin mathematica, from Ancient Greek μαθηματικός (mathēmatikós, “mathematical”).


visum

From Dutch visum, from Latin visum (“something seen”).

(rare) visa: a permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited.

visum et repertum
visum et repertum#Indonesian

(colloquial, medicine, law) short for visum et repertum (“coroner report/professional witness statement”, literally “seen and discovered”).


kudu

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese kuḍu (“bud”).


kudu

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kudu</i>

red paint for coloring batik cloth, made from the roots or bark of the mengkudu tree


kudu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦸꦢꦸ (kudu, “must”), from Old Javanese kudu, kĕdö (“set on; at all costs, by any means; unremittingly, insistently, obstinately, unavoidably”).


diameter

From Dutch diameter, from French diamètre, from Latin diametrus, from Ancient Greek διάμετρος (diámetros).


Arab

From Malay Arab,
from Classical Malay عرب (Arab), from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab).

Of, from, or pertaining to Arab countries or cultural behaviour; Arab.


Arab

A Semitic person, whose forebears were from Arabia

An inhabitant of Arabia or the Arab world


Arab

Arabic, a major Semitic language originating from the Arabian peninsula


fez

Unadapted borrowing from French fez, from Ottoman Turkish فس (fes) (modern Turkish fes).

fez: a felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone, having a flat top with a tassel attached.


pinta

Inherited from Malay pinta. Doublet of minta.


senator

Borrowed from Dutch senator, from Latin senātor, ultimately from senex (“old”).

(government) a member, normally elected, in the house or chamber of a legislature called a senate, as, for instance, the legislatures of the United States and Canada.

(historical) a member of the ancient Roman Senate.

senator:
a member of the ancient Roman Senate.

(historical) a member of a governing council in other states in the ancient world.

a member of the ruler’s council or governing council in general, a leading statesman.


venison

Borrowed from English venison, from Middle English venisoun, venesoun, from Anglo-Norman veneisun, venesoun, venesun (“meat of large game, particularly deer or boar; hunt”), from Latin vēnātiō, vēnātiōnem (“hunt; meat from a hunt”), formed on vēnātus, perfect participle of vēnor (“I hunt”).


buldog

From Dutch buldog, from English bulldog.

A breed of dog developed in England by the crossing of the bullbaiting dog and the Pug to produce a ladies companion dog. Having a very smooth coat, a flattened face, wrinkly cheeks, powerful front legs and smaller hind legs.

A 5-shot traditional double-action revolver designed by Doug McClenahan and produced by Charter Arms.


yo

(slang) yo (greeting, interjection similar to hey)


lima

From Malay lima, from Proto-Malayic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


cucu

From Malay cucu, from Proto-Malayic *cucuʔ, probably from duplication of Proto-Mon-Khmer *cuuʔ (“grandchild”).


opium

From Dutch opium, from Middle Dutch opium, from Latin opium, from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion). Doublet of apiun.

opium: a yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.


dewa

From Malay dewa, from Sanskrit देव (deva, “god”).


integral

Borrowed from Dutch integraal (“integral”), from French intégral, from Medieval Latin integrālis, from Latin integer (“entire”).

bor+

constituting a whole together with other parts or factors; not omittable or removable

(mathematics) relating to integration (“the process of finding the integral [noun] of a function”).


integral

intêgral (canonical)
integral-integral (plural)


judoka

From Japanese 柔道家 (じゅうどうか, jūdōka, “judo practitioner”).

bor

じゅうどうか, jūdōka


bandana

From English bandana, from Hindi बन्धन (bandhan, “he ties”), from Sanskrit बध्नाति (badhnāti, “he binds”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, bond”).


inter-

From Dutch inter-, from Latin inter-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Doublet of antar-.


snorkel

snorkêl (canonical)
snorkel-snorkel (plural)

Borrowed from English snorkel, from German Schnorchel (“snorkel”).

a hollow tube, held in the mouth, or mounted on and opening into a diving mask, used by swimmers for breathing underwater.

snort: a retractable tube fitted in diesel-engine submarines to allow sufficient ventilation that the engines may be used at periscope depth.


aperitif

From Dutch aperitief, from French apéritif (literally “opening”), from Medieval Latin aperītīvus (“opening”, adjective).


milieu

miliêu (canonical)
milieu-milieu (plural)


barik

From Malay barik, probably from Persian باریک (bârik, “penetrating”).

vein: a stripe or streak of a different colour or composition.


bon mot

Borrowed from Dutch bon mot (“bon mot, witticism”), from French bon mot (literally “good word”).


flop

From Dutch flop, from English flop, perhaps a variant of flap. The sport sense is semantic loan from English.

flop (to strike about with something broad and flat, to rise and fall, to flap)


slot

From Dutch slot, from Middle Dutch slot, from Old Dutch *slot, from Proto-Germanic *slutą.

slot; lock (an implement for barring, bolting or locking)


slot

From English slot, from Old French esclot, likely from Old Norse slóð (“track”).

slot (a narrow depression, perforation, or aperture)

slot (a period of time or position within a schedule or sequence)

(computing) slot (a space in memory or on disk)

(gambling) Clipping of mesin slot (“slot, slot machine”)


siap

From Malay siap, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *srap (“ready, prepared”) (compare Khmer ស្រាប់ (srap, “ready”) and Vietnamese sắp. Compare to Japanese 気(き)を付(つ)け (kiotsuke, “attention”) and Malay sedia for military command.


siap

(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position.


siap

abbreviation of sisa anggaran pembangunan (“unspend development fund”).


bina

From Malay bina, from Arabic بِنَاء (bināʔ, “building; construction (act of)”).

(transitive) to build (nonphysical object)

Banyak karakter keteladanan yang diajarkan melalui organisasi tersebut sehingga bagi seorang anggota pramuka, keteladanaan harus dimaknai dengan selalu bina diri, bina satuan dan bina masyarakat.

2017 September 12, Kiye Lakone, “Memaknai Keteladanan [To Define An Exemplar]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-07-12:

Many characteristics of an exemplar were taught through that organization until a scout member must be able to define an exemplar by always developing oneself, developing oneness and developing the community.

(transitive) to develop and improve on something


bin

From Malay bin,
from Classical Malay bin, from Arabic بِن (bin, “son”).


ninja

(historical) ninja, a person trained in ninjutsu, especially one used for espionage, assassination, and other tasks requiring stealth during Japan's shogunate period.

unidentified assassin with black clothes and mask


plot

From Dutch plot, from English plot, from Middle English plot, plotte, from Old English plot (“a plot of ground”), from Proto-Germanic *plataz, *platjaz (“a patch”), of uncertain origin.


absolut

Borrowed from Dutch absoluut, from Latin absolūtus.

unconditional: free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions.


acar

From Malay acar, from Classical Malay اچر (acar), from Classical Persian آچار (āčār, “pickle, marinade”). Doublet of acara, acarya, ajar, and hajar.


aba-aba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧꦲꦧ (aba-aba, “verbal command”).


aba-aba

head

aba-aba (active mengaba-aba, passive diaba-aba, perfective passive teraba-aba)

mengaba-aba (active)
diaba-aba (passive)
teraba-aba (passive perfective)

(transitive) to command (to order, give orders; to compel or direct with authority)


aksara

From Malay aksara, from Classical Malay اكسارا (aksara), from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara, “syllable, letter”).

der

aksara Tionghoa


pawana

Inherited from Malay pawana, from Sanskrit पवन (pavana).


monyet

From Malay monyet, from Proto-Malayic *muñit.


misa

From Malay misa, borrowed from Portuguese missa (“mass”), from Old Galician-Portuguese missa, from Late Latin missa (“mass”), from Latin mittō (“I send”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange, remove”). Doublet of mes.


moga

Inherited from Malay moga, from Old Javanese moga, amoga, amogha (“and hence it happened”), probably from Sanskrit अमोघ, अमोघा (amogha, amoghā, “succeeding”).


cabai

From Malay cabai, from Old Javanese cabe, cabya, cawya, cawi (“pepper”), from Sanskrit चव्य, चवि (cavya, cavi, “Piper chaba”).

chili: the pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.

chili pepper: any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin.


cabai

flowerpecker (any member of the family Dicaeidae of passerine birds, many of which feed on nectar)


lada

Inherited from Malay lada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq or *laja.
* Semantic loan from Minangkabau lado (“chili pepper”) whether through first contact in progenitor Malay dialects or later post-independence.


-an

From Malay -an, from Proto-Malayic *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

laut (“sea”) + -an → lautan (“ocean”)

pangkal (“origin”) + -an → pangkalan (“base”)

ribu (“thousand”) + -an → ribuan

kilo (“kilo”) + -an → kiloan

Added to a noun
Suffix for measurement result; -s

ratus (“hundred”) + -an → ratusan (“hundreds”)

(colloquial) -s; Suffix for quantity (about value)

Added to a noun
-s; Suffix for quantity (about value)

hari (“day”) + -an → harian (“daily”)

-ly, specifying time intervals, having the sense of "occurring at such intervals".

makan (“to eat”) + -an → makanan (“food”)

Added to a verb to create a noun
Suffix for object

kubur (“to bury”) + -an → kuburan (“grave”)

Added to a verb to create a noun
Suffix for place

didik (“to educate”) + -an → didikan

Added to a verb to create a noun
Suffix for result

timbang (“to weigh”) + -an → timbangan (“balance”)

Added to a verb to create a noun
Suffix for tool

pimpin (“to lead”) + -an → pimpinan (“leader”)

Added to a verb to create a noun
Suffix for way or method

asin (“salty”) + -an → asinan (“pickle”)

Added to an adjective to create a noun
Suffix for having property

tinggi (“high”) + -an → tinggian (“higher”)

(colloquial) Suffix for intensity (quality or quantity)


-an

sepeda (“bicycle”) + -an → sepedaan (“to ride a bicycle”)

verb-forming
(colloquial) to use of [base]

selamat (“safe”) + -an → selamatan (“to celebrate with offerings to the spirits to assure safety”)

rujak (“a kind of salad”) + -an → rujakan (“to have rujak to be eaten or made”)

verb-forming
(colloquial) to hold or to have [base]

sendiri (“alone”) + -an → sendirian (“by oneself”)

(colloquial) to do as indicated by the [base]

sekolah (“school”) + -an → sekolahan (“school complex”)

noun-forming
(colloquial) the location of [base]

becak (“rickshaw”) + -an → becakan (“rickshaw fare”)

noun-forming
(colloquial) the cost of [base]

sepeda (“bicycle”) + -an → sepedaan (“bicycle-riding”)

selamat (“safe”) + -an → selamatan (“celebration with offerings to the spirits to assure safety”)

rujak (“a kind of salad”) + -an → rujakan (“rujak eating or production”)

susu (“milk”) + -an → susuan (“breast-feeding period”)

noun-forming
(colloquial) event of [base]


-an

Semantic loan from Javanese -ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ (-en).

koreng (“ulcer”) + -an → korengan (“serious infection disease”)

uban (“grey hair”) + -an → ubanan (“grey haired condition”)


editor

From English editor, from Medieval Latin ēditor, from Late Latin ēditor, from ēditus, perfect passive participle of ēdō (“give out, put forth, publish”).

a person at a newspaper, publisher or similar institution who edits stories and/or decides which ones to publish.

(computing) a program for creating and making changes to files, especially text files.


singa

→ Nalca: singa

From Malay singa, from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”).


teh

From Malay teh (“tea”), from Hokkien 茶 (tê).

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual


belerang

bêlérang (canonical)
belerang-belerang (plural)

From Malay belerang, from Proto-Malayic *bAliraŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *baliraŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *baliraŋ.


material

From Dutch materiaal. Doublet of materiel.

material: matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.


-in

head

-in (non-active/imperative/basic -in, active nge- -in, passive di- -in)

Borrowed from Betawi -in, from Balinese -in.

beli (“to buy”) → beliin (“to buy (for)”)

bikin (“to make”) → bikinin (“to make (for)”)

Used to form benefactive aspect on a verb.

liat (“to see”) → liatin (“to look”)

denger (“to hear”) → dengerin (“to listen”)

besar (“big”) → besarin (“to make big; to enlarge; to raise”)

panjang (“long”) → panjangin (“to make long; to extend”)

Used to form causative aspect on a verb.

naik (“to go up”) (intransitive) → naikin (“to go up”) (transitive)

ketawa (“to laugh”) → ketawain (“to laugh at”)


gema

(physics) a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

(physics) an utterance repeating what has just been said.


geta

From Malay geta, from Classical Persian کت (kat, “throne”).


eke

From informal Dutch ikke (standard Dutch ik), from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare to Afrikaans ek. Doublet of ego.

(colloquial, dated) I: The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.


bea

zh-l

傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

→ Min Nan: 傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

Inherited from Malay bea, from Javanese ꦧꦺꦪ (béya), from Old Javanese beya, from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya). Doublet of biaya.
* Displaced Dutch recht (“a formal fee, custom, duty to be paid”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(law, government) customs: the duties or taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.


bandar

From Malay bandar (“harbour, port”), from Persian بندر (bandar, “port, harbour”).


bandar

Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar).

bookmaker, bookie: a person (or a business) who calculates odds and accepts bets.

croupier, banker: the person who collects bets and pays out winnings at a gambling table.

bandar narkoba

(usually in negative sense) dealer of something


kamikaze

Borrowed from Japanese 神風(かみかぜ) (kamikaze, “divine wind”).

the typhoons that saved Japan from invasion, divine wind

a kamikaze, a suicide pilot in World War Two


loyal

Borrowed from Dutch loyaal (“loyal”), from Middle Dutch loyael, from Old French loyal, from Latin lēgālis. Doublet of legal.


pala

From Malay pala, from Sanskrit फल (phala). Doublet of pahala.

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual


matra

From Sanskrit मात्रा (mātrā, “measure”). Doublet of meter.
* Displaced Dutch dimensie (“dimension”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

matra,
(music) a measure of cadence pressure.

(poetic) a measure of the length of a syllable; equivalent to mora.


level

From English level, from Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”).


spada

Blend of siapa + ada, literally “who's here”.

blend

(slang, dialectal) an interjection to call out someone when coming or visiting someone's house; "is anybody home?"


bakat

Inherited from Malay bakat. Compare Tagalog bakat.

talent:
a marked natural ability or skill.

talent:
a desire or inclination for something.


limit

Internationalism, from Dutch limiet, from Middle Dutch limiten, from Old French limite, from Latin līmes.

the final, utmost, or furthest point; the border or edge.

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).


studio

From Dutch studio, from English studio, from Italian studio (“room for study”), from Latin studium. Doublet of etude and studi.

an artist’s or photographer’s workshop or the room in which an artist works.

a place where radio or television programs, records or films are made.


basil

From Dutch bacil, from French bacille, from German Bazillus or translingual Bacillus, coined by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.


basil

From English basil, from Old French basile, from Medieval Latin basilicum, from Ancient Greek βασιλικόν (basilikón, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”).

der

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


model

From Dutch model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus. Doublet of mode, modern, modul, and modus.

doublet

a person who serves as a subject for artwork or fashion, usually in the medium of photography but also for painting or drawing.

a person, usually an attractive female, hired to show items or goods to the public, such as items given away as prizes on a TV game show.

a representation of a physical object, usually in miniature.

(psychology) role model, a person who serves as an example, whose behavior is emulated by others


en route

Internationalism, borrowed from French en route.


bayonet

From Dutch bajonet, from French baïonnette.

(military) a pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.

(engineering) a pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.


primer

From Dutch primair, from French primaire, from Latin prīmārius.

primary:
first or earliest in a group or series.

main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others.


guru

From Malay guru, ultimately Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “guru, teacher, sage”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”). Doublet of brutal and bruto.

der

(education) teacher: a person who teaches, especially one employed in a school.

specifically, graduate of teacher professional education.

guru: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya.


magnet

Borrowed from Dutch magneet, from Middle Dutch magneet, from older magnes, from Latin magnēs, from Ancient Greek μαγνήτης λίθος (magnḗtēs líthos).

μαγνήτης λίθος

(electromagnetism) a piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism.


yen

From the influence of earlier Portuguese romanizations, of Japanese 圓 (“round; a round object”) as ye or yen, now 円 (en), from Chinese 銀圓 /银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”): 銀 /银 (yín, “silver”) + 圓 /圆 (yuán, “circular, round; yuan, yen, dollar”). Cognate with Chinese 元 (yuán, “monetary unit, especially RMB”) and Korean 원 (won, “North or South Korean won”).

cog

yen, the unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen.


-si

From Dutch -tie, from Latin -tiō. Cognate to Afrikaans -sie.


mantra

spell (a formula supposed to have magical powers)


DIY

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta#Indonesian

Initialism of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.


pastor

From Dutch pastoor, from Middle Dutch pastōor, from Latin pāstor, from pāscō (“to feed, maintain, pasture, graze”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”).

der

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) parish priest


malaria

From Dutch malaria, from Italian malaria, formed from mal- (“bad”) and aria (“air”).

(medicine) malaria, a disease spread by mosquito, in which a protozoan, Plasmodium, multiplies in blood every few days.


laki

From Malay laki, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Old Malay lāki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki, from Proto-Austronesian *laki.


region

From English region, from Middle English regioun, from Anglo-Norman regiun, from Latin regiō, from regō. Doublet of regio.

region: an administrative subdivision of a city, a territory, a country.


hidrogen

* From Malay hidrogen, from English hydrogen
* From Dutch hydrogenium, from New Latin hydrogenium
Both from French hydrogène, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) + γεννάω (gennáō).


bong

From Hokkien 墓 (bōng, “grave; tomb”). Compare Khmer ម៉ុង (mong).


bong

From Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦁ (bong, “person other than a doctor who performs a circumcision”). Doublet of orang and wong.

bor

traditional circumcisor (person who carries out circumcision)


bong

From Thai บ้อง (bɔ̂ng, “a marijuana pipe”), ultimately from Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅga).


master

id-noun

mastêr (plural master-master or para master)

mastêr (canonical)
master-master (plural)
para master (plural)

From Dutch master. Doublet of maestro, magister, and mester.

doublet

master (someone who has control over something or someone)

master (the original of a document or of a recording)

(education) master (a type of postgraduate degree, usually undertaken after a bachelor degree)


master

head

mastêr (active memaster, passive dimaster)

mastêr (canonical)
memaster (active)
dimaster (passive)


lateral

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

to the side; of or pertaining to the side.

(phonetics, phonology) pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage.


lateral

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)

(anatomy) an object, such as a passage or a protrusion, that is situated on the side of something else.

(phonetics, phonology) A sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral).


akustik

From Dutch akoestiek (“acoustics”), from French acoustique, which coined by the physicist Joseph Sauveur (1653–1716) from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “hear”).
* Semantic loan from English acoustic.

acoustics: quality of a space (such as absorption and echo-effects) for hearing music and other sounds.


akustik

acoustic: pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds.


kuna

Alternative spelling of kuno (“ancient”)


kuna

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kúna/ку́на.

kuna: the former (until 2023) currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa.


terima kasih

terima (“receive”) + kasih (“care”), from Malay terima kasih.

(formal) thank you (an expression of gratitude)


panel

berpanel

panelled, having a panel; having a board

panel (an usually rectangular section of a surface; a plain strip or band)

(comics) panel (an individual frame or drawing in a comic)

panel (a group of people gathered to judge, interview, discuss etc.)

board (a device containing electrical switches and other controls)


bon voyage

Unadapted borrowing from French bon voyage (“bon voyage”)

ubor

bon voyage, have a good journey, have a good trip


semen

Borrowed from Dutch cement (“cement”), from Old French ciment, from Latin caementum (“quarry stone; stone chips for making mortar”), from caedō (“I cut, hew”). Cognate with Afrikaans sement (“cement”). The sense “cementum” is a semantic loan from English cement.

der

cement, the layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth; cementum.


semen

Learned borrowing from Latin sēmen (“semen, seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow; plant”).

der

(medicine) semen, the fluid, produced in male reproductive organs of an animal, that contains the reproductive cells.


bonsai

id-noun

bonsai (countable and uncountable, plural bonsai-bonsai)

From Japanese 盆栽(ぼんさい) (bonsai), from Middle Chinese 盆 (MC bwon, “bowl”) + 栽 (MC tsoj|dzojH, “to plant”).

A tree or plant that has been miniaturized by planting it in a small pot, restricting its roots, and by careful pruning.

The art of planting and growing trees or plants in such a manner.


futon

From Japanese 布団(ふとん) (futon), 布團(ふとん) (futon), from Middle Chinese 蒲團 (bu-dwan, “meditation cushion”) (compare Mandarin 蒲团 (pútuán)), from 蒲 (buo, “cattail”) + 團 (duɑn, “sphere, round object”).

bor

futon: a Japanese-style mattress or duvet; a thin mattress of tufted cotton or similar material, placed on a floor or on a raised, foldable frame as a bed.


bira

Alocasia macrorrhizos
Alocasia macrorrhizos#Translingual

giant taro, elephant ear taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos)


Yahudi

From Malay Yahudi, from Arabic يَهُودِيّ (yahūdiyy).


hentai

From English hentai, a semantic shift from Japanese 変態(へんたい) (hentai, “pervert”).


imam

From Malay imam, from Arabic إمام (ʔimām, “leader, imam”).


bor

Borrowed from English board, from Proto-West Germanic *bord, from Proto-Germanic *burdą (“board; plank; table”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerdʰ- (“to cut”). Cognate of Dutch bord.


paragraf

From Dutch paragraaf (“paragraph”), from Middle French paragraphe, from Latin paragraphus (“sign for start of a new section of discourse”), from Ancient Greek παράγραφος (parágraphos), from παρά (pará, “beside”) and γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).


alfabet

From Dutch alfabet, from Late Latin alphabētum, from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).

alphabet (an ordered set of letters used in a language)


surat

→ Tetum: surat

From Malay surat, from Proto-Malayic *surat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”).


surat

(Islam) alternative form of surah (“sura”).


emas

mengemasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengemaskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

peremasan [causative passive + resultative

(dialect) a unit of mass about 2.5 gram for gold


senang

From Malay senang (“easy”). The senses of happy, content, pleased, and loved are semantic loan from Betawi senang (“happy, pleased”) or semantic loan from Javanese ꦱꦼꦤꦼꦁ (seneng, “happy, glad, pleased; like”), the cognate in Javanese.


pilar

From Dutch pilaar, from Medieval Latin pīlāre, from Latin pīla (“a pillar”).

(architecture) a large post, often used as supporting architecture.

(figurative) an essential part of something that provides support.

(nautical) mast: a tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, the sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires.


alum

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦩ꧀ (alum, “not shining, wilted; weak; almost healed”), from Old Javanese alum, alūm, alöm (“withered”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔaːlɔm.


alum

coir for washing kitchen utensils, made from synthetic fibers with a rough texture


anode

From Dutch anode, from English anode, from Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) and ὁδός (hodós, “path”), forming the New Greek compound ἄνοδος (ánodos).


aorta

From Dutch aorta, from Latin aorta, from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”).

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.


atrium

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

atrium:
(anatomy) cavity, entrance, or passage.

(anatomy) one of two upper chambers of the heart.

atrium:
one of two upper chambers of the heart.


audit

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch audit, from Latin audītus, audiō (“I hear”).


Babel

From Dutch Babel, from Middle Dutch babel, from Latin Babel, from Biblical Hebrew בָּבֶל (bāḇel, “Babylon”), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim).


Babel

Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Kepulauan Bangka Belitung#Indonesian

Abbreviation of Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (“Bangka Belitung Islands”).


basal

From Dutch basalt, from French basalte, from Middle French basalte, from Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”).

(geology) basalt: a hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.


basal

From Malay basal (“dropsy”), from Arabic بَصَل (baṣal, “onion, bulb”).


basal

basic, elementary; relating to, or forming, the base, or point of origin.

(anatomy, histology) associated with the base of an organism or structure.

(medicine) of a minimal level that is necessary for maintaining the health or life of an organism.


bates

(colloquial, dialectal, chiefly Java) Alternative form of batas


bezel

(computing) bezel: the area on the front of a computing device surrounding the display.


boa

From Dutch boa, from Middle Dutch boa, from Latin boa.


buret

(chemistry) burette: a glass tube with fine gradations and a stopcock at the bottom, used in laboratory procedures for accurate fluid dispensing and titration.


cam

From Malay cam. From Sanskrit [Term?]. Compare Urak Lawoi' จับ (cap, “to remember”).

(only with a negative) to be interested; to be taken by


batik

From Javanese bathik (ꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətik (“tattoo”), from Proto-Austronesian *bəCik.

batio (a wax-resist method of dyeing fabric)

batik (a texture-picture drawing on a textile material by using wax)


batik

head

batik (active membatik, passive dibatik)

(transitive, intransitive) to batik (to dye using the wax-resist method)


gala

From Dutch gala (“ball”), from French gala, from Spanish gala, from Old Spanish gala, from Old French gale (“rejoicing”). Ultimately cognate to gallant and hence probably from Frankish *wala (“good, well”).


geyser

(geology, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of geiser (“geyser”)


haiku

Borrowed from Japanese 俳(はい)句(く) (haiku), from Middle Chinese 俳 (bˠɛi, “paralleled [writing]”) + 句 (kɨoᴴ, “line”).


junta

(politics) junta: a council, convention, tribunal or assembly; the ruling council of a military dictatorship.


lop

From Dutch loop, from Middle Dutch lôop, from Old Dutch *lōp.


morel

Borrowed from Dutch moreel (“moral”), from French moral.


motif

From Dutch motief, from Middle Dutch motijf, from Old French motif (Modern French motif), from Late Latin mōtivus.

A recurring or dominant element; an artistic theme.

(music, literature) A short melodic or lyrical passage that is repeated in several parts of a work.

(law) motive (something which causes someone to want to commit a crime; a reason for criminal behaviour)


pas

Borrowed from Dutch passend, pas, from Middle Dutch pas, passen, from Old French pas, from Latin passus, pandere (“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European *patno-, *pete- (“to spread, stretch out”).
* Sense of "to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from" is semantic loan from Malay pas or English pass which both are cognate of above.

pass, permission or license to pass, or to go and come


pas

head

pas (comparative lebih pas, superlative paling pas)

lebih pas (comparative)
paling pas (superlative)


pas

(uncommon) to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from


pas

Possibly borrowed and adapted from Dutch pas, a deverbal from passen, from Middle Dutch passen, from pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus. Therefore related to etymology 1.

Vaksinasi booster untuk perjalanan naik pesawat pas hari H keberangkatan, boleh atau tidak?

2022 July 16, Fitri Haryanti Harsono, “Traveling Naik Pesawat Mulai 17 Juli 2022, Bolehkah Booster Pas Hari H Berangkat?”, in Liputan 6:

Can booster vaccinations for plane travels be taken (precisely) on the day of the departure, or not?

(colloquial, nonstandard) only, not until, not any sooner.

"[…] Kebetulan saja program ini bertepatan pas mau pemilu atau pileg dan pilpres," kata Afriansyah saat dihubungi, Senin (26/2/2024).

2024 February 26, Nirmala Maulana Achmad, Ihsanuddin, “TKN: Kebetulan Program Bansos Pas Mau Pemilu, Kebaikan Pak Jokowi Berdampak ke Prabowo-Gibran”, in Kompas:

" […] It is only coincidental that the program coincides with the time that the general elections, or when the legislative and presidential elections were starting," as Afriansyah remarked during our correspondence, Monday (02/26/2024).

(colloquial, nonstandard) when, at the time of.


pas

(colloquial, nonstandard) during, at the time of


pion

→ Malay: pion

From Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


pol

From Dutch vol, from Middle Dutch vol, from Old Dutch fol, ful, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.


pol

From English poll or Dutch poll, from Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“round object, head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *bolno-, *bōwl- (“orb, round object, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”).


rondo

From Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of raun, ronda, and ronde.

(music) rondo: a musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.


sen

→ Min Nan: 占, 仙.

From Dutch cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Dengan redenominasi, Bank Indonesia membangkitkan kembali penggunaan uang sen di tengah masyarakat.

With the redenomination, Bank Indonesia revives the usage of cents amongst the general population.


serum

Borrowed from Dutch serum (“serum”), from Latin serum.

(hematology) the clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.

(immunology) blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.

a watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister.

(skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing.


serum

acronym of serangan umum (“general offensive”).


sial

From Malay sial,
from Classical Malay sial.


sima

Borrowed from English sima (“lower layer of Earth's outer crust”), blend of silicon + magnesium.

bor+

(geology) sima: The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium.


sima

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

der

(archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes


situs

site:
(archaeology) archaeological site.


tapa

From Minangkabau, from Sanskrit तप (tapa).


tapis

From Malay tapis (“to filter; to sieve; to censor”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapis (“loincloth; to skim; to filter”). Doublet of tepis (“to counter, to skim”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦥꦶꦱ꧀ (tapis, “thoroughly; completely”) for sense of adroit, deft, nimble and such, from Old Javanese tapis (“thin”), from the same Proto-Malayo-Polynesian word.
* Semantic loan from Lampung Api tapis for fabric, cloth, to cover, to weave and so on, from the same Proto-Malayo-Polynesian word. Cognate of Old Javanese tapih (“garment worn by women around the lower part”).

cog

a gold-embroidered woven fabric (usually worn by women)


taring

From Malay taring,
from Classical Malay taring.


tas

→ Ternate: tas

From Dutch tas, from Middle Dutch tassche, tasche, from Old Dutch *taska, from Frankish, from Proto-Germanic *taskǭ. Compare Old High German tasca (modern German Tasche), Middle Low German taske, English tasse.


troika

From Russian тро́йка (trójka, “a group of three”).

bor

(transport) troika: a Russian carriage drawn by a team of three horses abreast.


valid

From English valid, from Middle French valide (“healthy, sound, in good order”), from Latin validus, from valeō (“I am strong, I am healthy, I am worth”) + -idus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”).


arbiter

arbiter, arbitrator: a person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them.


bait

Inherited from Malay bait, from Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

home (house or structure in which someone lives)

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)

(literature) stanza (a unit of a poem, often in the form of a paragraph)


bait

Borrowed from Malay bait, from English byte.

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of bita


bonanza

Borrowed from Spanish bonanza (“calm sea, fair weather, good luck, rich lode”), from Medieval Latin bonacia (“fair weather”), a blend of bonus (“good”) + malacia (“calm sea”).

blend

bonanza, gold mine, lucky strike, sweet deal


cape

(colloquial, slang) alternative spelling of capek


caper

From blend of cari (“seeking”) + perhatian (“attention”), from calque of English attention-seeking.


diabetes

(medicine) diabetes, a general term referring to any of various disorders characterized by excessive urination (polyuria).

diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus#English

(medicine, colloquial) diabetes mellitus, a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia


douche

Unadapted borrowing from French douche, from Italian doccia. Doublet of dus.

shower: an instance of using of bathing device in order to bathe oneself.


embargo

From Dutch embargo, from Spanish embargo or French embargo (itself from Spanish), from Spanish embargar (“to arrest”), from Latin in- + Vulgar Latin *barra.

an order by the government prohibiting ships from leaving port.

embargo:
a ban on trade with another country.

a temporary ban on making certain information public.


fatal

Borrowed from Dutch fataal, from Middle French fatal, from Latin fātālis (“fatal”).

proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny; inevitable


fauna

From Dutch fauna, from New Latin fauna, from Latin Fauna, sister of Faunus (“god of forests and herdsmen”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₂w-.

(zoology) animals considered as a group; especially those of a particular country, region, time.

(zoology) a book, cataloguing the animals of a country.


fundamental

Borrowed from English fundamental, from Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.


gang

→ Min Nan: 澗 /涧 (kàn, “narrow street”)

From Dutch gang (“passageway, alley”), from Middle Dutch ganc, from Old Dutch gank, gang, from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”). Doublet of geng.

gang buntu

alleyway, alley, narrow street. A narrow pathway bound by walls on both sides


gap

beating, the sound of action by which someone or something is beaten.


gap

From English gap, from Middle English gap, gappe, a borrowing from Old Norse gap (“an empty space, gap, chasm”).

der

the disparity between communities with regard to life expectancy, education, health, etc.


lap

From Dutch lap, from Middle Dutch lap, lappe, from Old Dutch lap, from Proto-Germanic *lappa-, *lappô (“rag, cloth”), of uncertain origin, possibly Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”).

rag (a piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.)


lap

From English lap, from Middle English lappen (“to fold, wrap”) from earlier wlappen (“to fold, wrap”), from Old English *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian (“to wrap”), from Proto-Germanic *wlapp-, *wrapp- (“to wrap, fold, roll up, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).

lap (the traversal of one length of the pool)


lorgnette

Unadapted borrowing from French lorgnette, lorgner (“to take a sidelong look at”) (from Middle French lorgne (“crosseyed”)).


lot

→ Balinese: ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “lottery”)

From Dutch lot, from Proto-Germanic *hlutą.

(manufacturing) a separate portion; a number of things taken collectively.


meiosis

Borrowed from English meiosis, from Ancient Greek μείωσις (meíōsis, “a lessening”).

der

(cytology) meiosis: cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes.


mime

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch mime, from French mime, from Latin mimus, from Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos).


rase

small Indian civet (Viverricula indica).


reserve

rêsérvê (canonical)
reserve-reserve (plural)

From Dutch reserve, from Old French reserver.


siesta

sièsta (canonical)
siesta-siesta (plural)

Borrowed from Spanish siesta (“siesta, nap”), from Latin sexta (hora) (“sixth hour, noon”), feminine of sextus (“sixth”).


stadium

From Dutch stadium (“stadium, life stage; stage, phase”), from Latin stadium (“a measure of length, a race course”), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “a measure of length, a running track”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Doublet of stadion.

der

(biology) stadium: a life stage of an organism.

kanker payudara stadium IV


tang

From Dutch tang, from Middle Dutch tanghe, from Old Dutch tanga, from Proto-Germanic *tangō.


amnesia

From Ancient Greek ἀμνησία (amnēsía, “forgetfulness”), a noun derivation from μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō, “to remind, to remember”).


taper

Borrowed from English taper, from Middle English taper, from Old English tapor (“taper, candle, wick of a lamp”), of uncertain origin.

(road transport) taper, a tapering form; gradual diminution of thickness and/or cross section in an elongated object.

(pharmacology) taper; gradual reduction over time


laksa

From Malay laksa, from Classical Malay لقسا (laksa), from Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa, “hundred thousand”).


laksa

From Malay laksa, possibly either:
* Classical Persian لاکچه (lākča, “pasta put into broth”)
* Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā, “red dye; lac”)
Compare Old Javanese lāka (“lac; red”).

laksa, a spicy stew from Indonesia or Malaysia.


viral

(computing, virology) of or relating to virus; caused by a virus.

(advertising, marketing, social media) circulated rapidly and widely from one user to another.


batu

Inherited from Malay batu, from Proto-Malayic *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.
* For the sense of battery, compare to dialectal Chinese 電石／电石 (“battery”, literally “electric stone”) and Japanese 電石(エレクトレット) (erekutoretto, “electret”).
* For the sense of gemstone and agate, compare to Baba Malay batu (“gem”, literally “stone”) and Japanese 石(せき) (seki, counter for gemstones).

cog

an artificial jewel, especially one that is used to smooth the shafts of a watch

flint (a hard fine-grained quartz which generates sparks when struck)

milestone (one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals)


batu

(figurative) rocky, stony (not easily affected or impressed; obdurate; unfeeling)


batu

(chiefly obsolete) A classifier used for counting teeth and pawns.


babi

→ Dutch: babi

From Malay babi, from Proto-Malayic *babi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Doublet of bagong.

2023-05-03, Video by Amien Rais Official, youtube.com

We are not a dumb nation ruled by cruel leaders and then by greedy ones.

KITA BUKAN BANGSA "KAMBING" YANG RELA DIKUASAI OLEH PARA "SERIGALA" DAN AKHIRNYA PARA "BABI".

Aidit babi!

(vulgar) a contemptible person, a motherfucker


padi

Inherited from Malay padi, from Proto-Malayic *padi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay, from Proto-Austronesian *pajay.


pil

From Dutch pil (“pill”), from Middle Dutch pille, from Medieval Latin pilla, from Latin pilula, diminutive of pila (“ball”).

(medicine, pharmacy) pill: a small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication.


caisson

Unadapted borrowing from French caisson (“caisson”), from Old Occitan caisson, caissa.

ubor

(engineering) caisson: an enclosure from which water can be expelled, in order to give access to underwater areas for engineering works etc.


alumni

Para alumni SMA ini sedang mengadakan reuni.

The alumni of this high school are having a reunion.

Pak Tarjo adalah alumni kami.
Mr. Tarjo is our alumnus.


cetera

From Malay cetera (“parasol”), from Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra). Doublet of cadar.


bonbon

From Dutch bonbon, from French bonbon, reduplication of bon (“good”), from Latin bonus.


mineral

Borrowed from Dutch mineraal (“mineral”), from Old French mineral, (French minéral), from Medieval Latin minerale, from minera (“ore”), probably ultimately derived from Latin mina (“ore, mine”).

bor+

(geology) any naturally occurring material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties; especially, an inorganic one.

(biochemistry, nutrition, physiology) any inorganic element that is essential to nutrition; a dietary mineral.


Türkiye

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish Türkiye.


FT

(education) Initialism of fakultas teknik.


paranoid

Internationalism, borrowed from English paranoid.


larghetto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian larghetto, diminutive of largo.


imperium

impérium (canonical)
imperium-imperium (plural)

From Dutch imperium, from Latin imperium.


bah

Inherited from Malay bah, from Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq.


diagram

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch diagram, from Ancient Greek διάγραμμα (diágramma).

a plan, drawing, sketch or outline to show how something works, or show the relationships between the parts of a whole.


kaf

The twenty-second letter of the Arabic alphabet. ك (k)


pamper

From Dutch pamper, from the genericized trademark of English Pampers, a brand of diapers, from English pamper, from Middle English pamperen (“to cram with food”), from Middle Dutch *pamperen (“to cram with food”), frequentative of *pampen (“to stuff”), from Proto-Germanic *pamp- (“to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bamb- (“round object”).


Anne

Pronunciations with final schwa are reinforced by Dutch Anne. Ultimately from French Anne.


organisme

From Dutch organisme, from French organisme.


cedilla

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish cedilla.


karaoke

Borrowed from Japanese カラオケ (karaoke), from 空 (kara, “empty”) + オケ (oke, “orchestra”), an abbreviation of オーケストラ (ōkesutora), from English orchestra.

instrumental version
instrumental version

karaoke: a form of entertainment popular in clubs, at parties, etc, in which individual members of the public sing along to pre-recorded instrumental versions of popular songs, the lyrics of which are displayed for the singer on a screen in time with the music.


fungi

From Latin fungi (plural form of fungus).


rabies

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch rabiës, from Latin rabies (“madness”).

(pathology, neurology) rabies: an infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


reservoir

rêsérvoir (canonical)
reservoir-reservoir (plural)

From Dutch reservoir, from French réservoir.


produk domestik bruto

Compound of produk (“product”) + domestik (“domestic”) + bruto (“gross”), calque of English gross domestic product or calque of Dutch bruto binnenlands product (“gross domestic product”).

cal

Coordinate term: pendapatan nasional bruto

gross domestic product
gross domestic product

gross domestic product (economic production of a particular territory)


biro

From Dutch bureau (“bureau”), from French bureau, from Middle French burel, from Old French burel.


mestizo

mèstizo (canonical)
mestizo-mestizo (plural)

Borrowed from Spanish mestizo (“mestizo”), from Latin mixtus (“mixed”).

bor+

mestizo: a person of mixed ancestry, especially one of Spanish and Native American heritage.


magister

magistêr (canonical)
magister-magister (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch magister, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, master, and mester.


sala

From Sanskrit शाल (śāla, “Shorea robusta”, literally “house, hall”). Doublet of salam and syala.


ente

From Betawi ente (“you”), from Arabic أَنْتَ (ʔanta, “you”).

(informal) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


genius

Learned borrowing from Latin genius (“inborn nature; a tutelary deity of a person or place; wit, brilliance”), from gignō (“to beget, produce”), Old Latin genō, from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-. Doublet of enjin, insinyur, and zeni.

lbor

genius: ingenious, brilliant, very clever, or original.


magi

From Dutch magie, from French magie, from Middle French magie, from Latin magīa, from Ancient Greek μαγεία (mageía).

magic: the application of rituals or actions, especially those based on occult knowledge, to subdue or manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces in order to have some benefit from them.


Athena

Alternative spelling of Atena (“Athena; Athens”)


mud

Ultimately from Arabic مُدّ (mudd, “a certain dry measure”)

bor

Satu sha' setara dengan empat mud

(Islam) a dry measure (for dates, water, grains, and other things) varying in size, roughly around 510 grams.


tutti frutti

Unadapted borrowing from Sicilian tutti frutti (“all fruits”).


diagnose

From Dutch diagnose, from French diagnose. Ultimately from Latin diagnōsis, from Ancient Greek διάγνωσις (diágnōsis). Doublet of diagnosa and diagnosis.


firma

From Dutch firma, from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre, from firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). Doublet of darma and derma.


kiln

From English kiln, from Middle English kilne, from Old English cylene or cyline (“large oven”), from Latin culīna (“kitchen, kitchen stove”).

(archaeology) kiln, an oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.


ku

(text messaging, informal) Alternative spelling of -ku.


ku

Borrowed from Min Nan 龜／龟 (ku, “turtle; tortoise”).

(cooking) Ang ku kueh: a small round or oval-shaped Chinese sweet dumpling with soft, sticky glutinous rice flour skin wrapped around a sweet central filling.


ku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 區(く) (ku, “ward, section, district”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of desa (“village”)


ki

The name of the Latin-script letter Q/q.


ide

From Dutch idee, from Middle Dutch idee, from Middle French idee (Modern French idée), from Old French idee, from Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”), from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”).


avant-garde

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.


poli

From Dutch poli (“clinic, outpatient clinic”), from clipping of polikliniek.

bor

Dokter dan perawat positif CoVID-19, poli rumah sakit ditutup.

Doctor and nurse tested CoVID-19 positive, hospital outpatient clinic have been closed.

(healthcare) clipping of poliklinik (“clinic, outpatient clinic”).


harakiri

From Japanese 腹切(はらき)り (harakiri), ultimately from 腹 (hara, “belly”) + 切る (kiru, “to cut”).

hara-kiri: ceremonial suicide by disembowelment, as by slicing open the abdomen with a dagger or knife: formerly practised in Japan by the Samurai when disgraced or sentenced to death.


bunga

Inherited from Malay bunga, from Classical Malay bunga, from Proto-Malayic *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa. Cognate of Ilocano bunga (“fruit”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”).

(botany) a reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil.

a plant that bears flowers, especially a plant that is small and lacks wood.

something that is particularly good or pleasing.

(figurative) beauty:
someone who is beautiful.

bunga berita


bunga

Unknown
* Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).
* Semantic loan from Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “interest”, literally “childbirth, parturition; offspring”).

sl

(economics, finance) interest: the price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed.


bunga

Semantic loan from Chinese 英 (“brave, hero; outstanding person”, literally “flower”) for hero sense, by analogy of outstanding, fine, and excellent nature of hero with the sense of "beauty" in Chinese and Indonesian.

zh-l

(figurative) hero, somebody who possesses great bravery and carries out extraordinary or noble deeds.


sumpit

From Malay sumpit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpit, from Proto-Austronesian *sumpit.


sumpit

From Baba Malay sumpit, from Hokkien 栓筆 /栓笔 (sng-pit, “holding pin”).


wang

(informal) Informal spelling of uang (“money”).


wang

From either Teochew 王 (uang⁵, “king”) or Mandarin 王 (wáng, “king”).


ASEAN

(politics) ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.


aporia

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin aporia, from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía).


makar

From Malay makar, from Arabic مَكْر (makr, “plot, scheme, plan”). Semantic loan from Dutch aanslag (“attack, assault”).


seks

From English sex, from Middle English sexe (“gender”), from Old French sexe (“genitals; gender”), from Latin sexus (“gender; gender traits; males or females; genitals”), from Proto-Italic *seksus, from Proto-Indo-European *séksus, from *sek- (“to cut”), thus meaning section, division (into male and female).

der

a category into which sexually-reproducing organisms are divided on the basis of their reproductive roles in their species.


vitamin

From English vitamin, earlier vitamine, from Latin vīta (“life”) (see vital) + amine.

vitamin: any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function; found in minute amounts in plant and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically; deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders.


apartheid

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (“South Africa policy of racial separation”, literally “separateness, apartness”), from Dutch apartheid.

ubor

(historical) apartheid: the policy of racial separation used by South Africa from 1948 to 1990.


sashimi

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 刺身(さしみ) (sashimi), from 刺し (さし, sashi, “sticking into, sticking between; slicing”) + 身 (み, mi, “meat, flesh”).

(cooking, nonstandard, common) alternative spelling of sasyimi (“sashimi”).


sushi

Sushi dan sashimi, makanan khas Jepang yang digemari di Indonesia.

Sushi and sashimi are popular Japanese food in Indonesia.


RIP

Initialism of rencana induk pembangunan (“development master plan”).


lading

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦢꦶꦁ (lading, “knife”).


lading

Borrowed from Dutch lading (“cargo; charge, tension”).

(nautical) longboat, usually made from a whole tree trunk

(geology) pyroclastic flow, volcanic ash, tephra


lancia

From Malay lancia, from Hokkien 人車 /人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).


feuilleton

Unadapted borrowing from French feuilleton (“serial, feuilleton, literary article”).


sore

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺ (soré, “late afternoon, early evening”), derived from Old Javanese sore (“evening”) from sorai. Compare French soirée.

bor

the second half of the afternoon; the time of the day from around 3pm until sunset


sip

From English safe, from Middle English sauf, safe, saf, saaf, from Old French sauf, saulf, salf (“safe”), from Latin salvus (“whole, safe”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole, every”).

der

(colloquial) safe.
not in danger; out of harm's reach.


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

person,
an individual; usually a human being.

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking.

the mask or appearance one presents to the world.


medan

From Malay medan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos via Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), Classical Persian میدان (maydān), or Urdu میدان (maidān).

(figurative, physics) region affected by a particular force.

field.
region affected by a particular force.

(figurative, computing) area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value.


motor

Borrowed from Dutch motor, from English motor, from Latin motor. In the sense “motorbike” or "motorcycle", motor was originally short for motorrijwiel or motorfiets.

(figuratively) important person in organization.


skim

From English skim, from Middle English skemen, skymen, variants of scumen, from Old French escumer (“to remove scum”), from escume (“froth, foam”), from Frankish *skūm (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *skew- (“to cover, conceal”).

skim milk: non-fat milk; milk that has had the cream removed.


heroin

Borrowed from English heroin, from German Heroin, originally a trademark, from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs, “hero”) and the suffix -in (“-ine”).


dealer

Unadapted borrowing from English dealer, from Middle English delare, from Old English dǣlere. Doublet of diler.


Rumania

From Dutch Roemenië, Spanish Rumania, from Romanian România, from New Latin Rōmānia, from Ancient Greek Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Rhōmānĭ́ā).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


ester

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.


aroma

From Dutch aroma, from Latin arōma, from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma, “seasoning, spicy and/or fragrant smell”).

aroma: smell; especially a pleasant spicy or fragrant one.


sila

From Malay sila, from Classical Malay sila, from Sanskrit शील (śīla, “conduct, beauty, form, virtue”). Doublet of selak.


sila

please, used as an affirmative to an offer or a request


posterior

(anatomy, medicine, dentistry) posterior


Irak

From Dutch Irak, from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq, “Iraq”), of uncertain derivation. Medieval Arabic uses ‘Iraq’ as a geographical term for the area in the south and center of the modern Iraq. Some Arabic sources say that Iraq comes from عَرِيق (ʕarīq, “deep-rooted”), from عِرْق (ʕirq, “root”), while others say it is from Middle Persian's Middle Persian ˀl'k' (/erāg/, “lowlands”), due to historic rule from Iraq's plateau-situated neighbor, Persia.

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ubi

From Malay ubi, from Classical Malay ubi, from Proto-Malayic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hubi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi.


garda

From Portuguese guarda, guardar, from Old Galician-Portuguese guardar, from Medieval Latin wardō, from Frankish *wardōn, from Proto-Germanic *wardāną (“to guard”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed, defend”). Doublet of gardu.

guard, person who or thing that protects something.


swastika

From Malay swastika. Ultimately from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).


terminator

Internationalism, ultimately from post-classical Latin terminātor.

(astronomy) the line between the day side and the night side of a moon, planet or other celestial body.

(computing) a text character or string that serves to mark the end of a document or transmission.


pistol

From Malay pistol, from Dutch pistool, from German Pistole, from Middle French pistole, from Czech píšťala (“whistle”), from Proto-Slavic *piščalь, from *piskati, *piščati (“to squeak, whistle”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-.


premium

Learned borrowing from Latin praemium (“prize”). Doublet of premi.

lbor

a premium: money paid for e.g. an insurance.

Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional mencatat rata-rata harga gula pasir kualitas premium (per kg) harian di pasar modern di beberapa provinsi telah menyentuh angka Rp 14,33 ribu per kg.

The National Strategic Food Price Information Center noted that the average daily price of premium quality granulated sugar (per kg) in modern markets in several provinces has reach the figure of Rp. 14.33 thousand per kg.

something premium (superior in quality; higher in price or value).

Bensin dengan merek Premium (RON 88) yang dijual PT Pertamina (Persero) dan Revvo 89 (RON 89) yang dijual PT Vivo Energy Indonesia tidak boleh lagi dijual mulai tahun depan.

Gasoline of Pertamina's Premium and Vivo's Revvo 89 cannot be sold from next year.

(colloquial) Pertamina's petrol or gasoline product with octane rating of 88.

Pemerintah batal menghapuskan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) jenis bensin dengan nilai oktan (RON) 88 alias Premium dari pasaran.

Government cancel the abolishment of fuel (BBM) with an octane rating (RON) of 88 or Premium from the market.


bumper

From Dutch bumper, from English bumper, from bump + -er.

bumper (parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision)


abab

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧꦧ꧀ (abab), from Old Javanese abab (“breathing, exhaling”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *epap (“clap, flap, slap”).


parabola

Learned borrowing from New Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabel.

lbor

(geometry) parabola, the conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).

(colloquial) satellite dish (a parabolic antenna)

satellite television
satellite television

(by metonymy, colloquial) satellite television (subscription)


mil

From Dutch mijl, from Middle Dutch mile, ultimately from Latin mīlia.

English or American mile, a unit of distance equivalent to about 1.6 km

(historical) mijl, Dutch mile or league, a unit of distance equivalent to about 5–6 km


mil

From English mail, from Middle English male, from Anglo-Norman male, Old French male (“bag, wallet”), from Frankish *malha (“bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”).

der

(colloquial) mail: the material conveyed by the postal service.


dinas

From Dutch dienst (“service”), from Middle Dutch dienst, from Old Dutch *thionost, from Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz, *þewanōną, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, be fluid, flow”).

Dinas Pendidikan

Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran


arena

From Dutch arena, from Latin arēna (“sand, arena”), from an earlier *hasēna (compare Sabine fasēna), possibly from Etruscan.

the building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts.

(figurative) a realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.


oval

Internationalism, ultimately derived from Medieval Latin ovālis.


digitalis

Internationalism, borrowed from English digitalis, from Latin digitālis (“of the fingers”) (named in reference to the German common name for the plant, Fingerhut (“thimble”)).

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual

(medicine, cardiology, pharmacology) digitalis: a medical extract of Digitalis purpurea prescribed for heart failure etc.


ILO

infeksi luka operasi
infeksi luka operasi#Indonesian

(surgery) Acronym of infeksi luka operasi (“surgical wound infection”).


halo

Borrowed from Dutch hallo. Compare Malay helo.


momentum

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum.

(mechanics) of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.


status

A person’s condition, position or standing relative to that of others.

status:
A situation or state of affairs.

A function of some instant messaging applications, whereby a user may post a message that appears automatically to other users, if they attempt to make contact.

Kegiatan audit dilakukan oleh kepala ruangan pada status pasien yang telah pulang atau meninggal.

2020, Nurman Hidaya, Alfianur, Fitriya Handayani, Manajemen dan Kepemimpinan dalam Keperawatan, Indramayu: Adab, →ISBN:

Audit was done by ward leader on discharged or death patient's medical record.

Suster April menyerahkan status pasien dengan nama Savannah Wiradinata.

2018, Anita Daniel, Secangkir Kopi di Sudut Rumah Sakit, Sleman: Diandra Kreatif:

Nurse April brought Savannah Wiradinata's medical record.

(healthcare) A medical file, medical record.


nominal

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

(grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.


horizon

From Dutch horizon, from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

the visible horizontal line or point (in all directions) that appears to connect the Earth to the sky.

(geoglogy) a specific layer of soil or strata.

horizon:
a specific layer of soil or strata.


raga

From Malay raga, from Classical Malay raga (“body”), from Javanese [Term?], from Old Javanese rāga (“body, lust”), from Pali राग (rāga, “attachment, lust”), from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “passion, desire”). Doublet of ragi and ragam.

jiwa raga; jiwa dan raga


artisan

From French artisan, from Vulgar Latin *artītiānus, from Latin artītus (“skilled”), past participle of artiō (“I instruct in arts”), from ars (“art, skill”).


gul

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower, rose”).


gula

From Malay gula, from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).


bunker

From Dutch bunker, from English bunker, from German Bunker.

(military) a hardened shelter, often buried partly or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks.

(nautical) a container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine.


biner

From Dutch binair (“binary”), from French binaire, from Latin bīnārius.

being in one of two mutually exclusive states; such as on or off, true or false, molten or frozen, or presence or absence.

(logic) concerning logic whose subject matter concerns binary states.

(arithmetic, computing) concerning numbers and calculations using the binary number system.


Clara

Clara Bernadeth, b. 1994


LP

lembaga pemasyarakatan
lembaga pemasyarakatan#Indonesian


adapter

adaptêr (canonical)
adapter-adapter (plural)


adaptor

Perhaps from English adaptor with the pronunciation adapted with the orthography.

adapter (one who adapts well, or adapts something)

adapter (a device used to allow compatibility)


pagoda

From Portuguese pagode, which is via Tamil, from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, name of a goddess) or भागवत (bhāgavata, “follower of Bhagavatī”).

pagoda: a religious building in South and Southeast Asia, especially a multi-storey tower erected as a Hindu or Buddhist temple.


vital

From Dutch vitaal, from Middle French vital, from Latin vītālis.

(medicine) necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends.

informasi vital


folklore

Alternative spelling of folklor (“folklore”)


décolleté

Unadapted borrowing from French décolleté (“cleavage, low neckline”).

ubor

décolleté (having a low neckline that reveals the cleavage)


banda

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝ (bandha), from Old Javanese bhāṇḍa (“goods, wares, merchandise”), from Sanskrit भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa, “good”). Doublet of benda.


banda

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢ (banda), from Old Javanese bandha, baddha (“band, tie, chain”), from Sanskrit बन्ध (bandha, “binding, tying, fetter, bond”).


mulai

Affixed mula + -i, inherited from Malay mulai.


folder

foldêr (canonical)
folder-folder (plural)

(computing) folder (a virtual container in a computer's file system)

folder (an organizer that papers are kept in)


gi

From Hindi घी (ghī) or Urdu گھی (ghī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛtá). Cognate of English ghee.


aura

From English aura, from Latin aura (“a breeze, a breath of air, the air”), from Ancient Greek αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

an invisible force surrounding a living creature.

(medicine) perceptual disturbance experienced by some migraine sufferers before a migraine headache.

(medicine) telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure.


au revoir

Unadapted borrowing from French au revoir (“au revoir; goodbye”)


paham

Etymology tree
Arabic فَهْم (fahm)bor.
Malay faham
Indonesian paham
From Malay faham, from Arabic فَهْم (fahm).

etymon

(uncountable) The act of understanding or comprehension.

(countable) Reason or intelligence; ability to grasp the full meaning of knowledge; ability to infer

(countable) Opinion, judgement, or outlook.

understanding
Opinion, judgement, or outlook.

(countable) view (a way of understanding something)


paham

(transitive or intransitive) to understand

(usually intransitive) (of communication, language, or other means of communication: words, statements, signs, etc.) To know the meaning of; to parse or have parsed correctly; to comprehend.

(of a skill, task, profession, etc.) To be thoroughly familiar with; to be able to undertake properly.

(usually transitive) To comprehend a fact or principle; to regard or come to regard a belief as such.

(usually intransitive) To know the causes of or reasons for.

to understand
To know the causes of or reasons for.

To comprehend or grasp (particular matters or concepts); to have comprehension (in general).


museum

Inherited from Malay museum, from Dutch museum, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “a shrine of the Muses”).

der

museum: a building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.


di mana

Compound of di (“in”) + mana (“where”), from Malay di mana.

Kau sedang di mana?


di mana

Aku berada di tempat di mana matahari jarang terbenam.

I am at the place where the sun rarely sets.

Di mana ada gula, ada semut.

(nonstandard) where; at or in which place or situation


ke mana

Mau ke mana?


yang mana

Baju yang mana mesti kupakai?


wagon

From Dutch wagon, from English wagon, from Middle Dutch wagen, from Old Dutch wagan, from Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰnos, from *weǵʰ-. Doublet of wahana.

car (a railway carriage, a nonpowered unit in a railroad train).


aerosol

Affixed aero- + *sol, from English aerosol.


trauma

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

trauma:
an event that causes great distress.

(psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.

(surgery) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.


babka

Borrowed from English babka, most likely from Yiddish באַבקע (babke), from Slavic.

(cooking) babka: a Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins.


barometer

Borrowed from Dutch barometer, from English barometer.

an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure

(figuratively) anything used as a gauge or indicator

barometer
anything used as a gauge or indicator


diploma

From Dutch diploma, from Latin diploma, from Ancient Greek δίπλωμα (díplōma, “folded paper, license”), from διπλόω (diplóō, “I double, fold over”), from διπλόος (diplóos, “double”).

diploma: a document issued by an educational institution testifying that the recipient has earned a degree or has successfully completed a particular course of study.

a vocational degree awarded after the equivalent of approximately to one year (D-1), two years (D-2), three years (D-3) or four years (D-4) of college education.


edema

Learned borrowing from New Latin edema, from Ancient Greek οἴδημα (oídēma, “swelling”), οἰδέω (oidéō, “I swell”).

(pathology) edema, oedema: An excessive accumulation of serum in tissue spaces or a body cavity.


patriot

From Dutch patriot, from Middle French patriote, from Latin patriōta, from Ancient Greek πατριώτης (patriṓtēs).

patriot: a person who loves and zealously supports and defends their country.


karma

From Sanskrit कर्म (karma), कर्मन् (karman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma,

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.

A force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate.


sutra

From Malay sutera, sutra, from Classical Malay سوترا (sutera), سوترا (sutra), from Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra, “thread, fibre”).


yoni

yoni: The vulva or vagina, or a symbol of them, especially as an object of veneration within certain types of Hinduism, Buddhism, and other cultures.


mandala

From Malay mandala,
from Classical Malay mandala, from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”).

(obsolete) territory of religious institutions.

(obsolete) circle, a territorial division or district.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A graphic depiction of the spiritual universe and its myriad realms and deities.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation.


durian

Reconstructed as duri (“thorn, spike”) + -an, inherited from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


bangle

Borrowed from Javanese banglé. Doublet of bonglai.

Cassumunar ginger (Zingiber montanum, syn. Zingiber cassumunar)


ombudsman

Borrowed from English ombudsman, from Swedish ombudsman (equivalent to ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man), from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.

an appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.

a designated internal mediator in an organization whose duty is to assist members with conflict resolution and other problems and to serve as an independent consultant to recommend changes to policies or procedures to improve organization effectiveness, efficiency, and humaneness.


sprint

(sports) sprint: a short race at top speed.


abur

Inherited from Malay abur, from Classical Malay ابور (abur), from Javanese ꦲꦮꦸꦂ (awur, “to do haphazardly or without basis”), and Old Javanese awur (“confused, mixed up together, hard to distinguish clearly”). Doublet of abor and awur.


animo

From Dutch animo, from Italian animo, from Latin animus.


eks-

From Dutch ex-, from French ex-, from Latin ex-, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs.


-er-

suling → seruling

gigi → gerigi

Used to form a noun (which has, contains, or is characteristic).

gesek → geresek

Used to form a verb (repeated, having repetition, or continuous).

kontang → kerontang

Used to form a verb(which has, contains, or is characteristic).


-i

head

-i (non-active/imperative/basic -i, active meng- -i, passive di- -i)

Inherited from Malay -i, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-i (local transitive suffix)

inh

verbal suffix for manipulating, completing, or placing the object from a noun.

transitive verbal suffix for causation in surface of the object from an adjective.

transitive verbal suffix for doing activity to the object from a transitive verb.

Hormati orang tua!

transitive locative imperative verbal suffix from a noun:

kuliti

Sutradarai film ini!

Direct this movie! (literally, “Become the producer of this film!”)

transitive adverbial imperative verbal suffix from a noun: to act as/be [base] with reference to object


-i

From Malay -i, from Arabic nisba suffix ـِيّ (-iyy).

adjective suffix (with the meaning “related to ...”)


-is

strategis

pragmatis

praktis

psikologis


-is

anarkis

jurnalis


pra-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese pra-, from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.

lbor

prasekolah

prasejarah

prakata

pre-, before; earlier in time; beforehand.


baki

→ Javanese: ꦧꦏꦶ (baki)

→ Ternate: baki

From Dutch bakje, diminutive form of bak.


baki

From Malay baki, from Arabic بَقَاء (baqāʔ).


pita

Inherited from Malay pita, from Portuguese fita, from Latin vitta.

(physics, computing) a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

band
a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.


bela

bela (root)
membela (active)
dibela (active involuntary passive)
bela (active)
belalah (active)
membelai (active locative)
dibelai (involuntary locative passive)
belai (locative)
belailah (locative)
membelakan (active applicative causative)
dibelakan (applicative causative passive)
belakan (applicative causative)
belakanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay bela (“advocate, defend, avenge”), from Old Javanese bela (“be prepared to die with another person, die for and with another person”), welā (“limit of time, period, hour, last hour, hour of death”), from Sanskrit वेला (velā, “point, time, end”).

der

to look after (used in the form membela)


anti

Borrowed from English anti, from conversion of the prefix anti- to an adjective.


bruto

From Dutch bruto, from Italian brutto, bruto, from Latin brūtus, from Oscan, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us. Compare with Indonesian brutal.

, kasar (Standard Malay)

gross, excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.


bubo

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin būbō, from Ancient Greek βουβών (boubṓn, “groin, swelling”).


bunting

Inherited from Malay bunting. Compare Tagalog buntis.

(somewhat vulgar, usually of animals only) to be pregnant, to get pregnant


Saturnus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch Saturnus, from Latin Saturnus.

(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄.

(Roman mythology) The god of fertility and agriculture, equivalent to the Greek Kronos.


Merkurius

(astronomy) the planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.

(Roman mythology) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger. He wore winged sandals. Mercury corresponded to the Greek god Hermes.


monomer

monomèr (canonical)
monomer-monomer (plural)


titi

Inherited from Malay titi (“wooden bridge”), from Proto-Malayic *titi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay.

inh+

(only conjugated with "meng-", intransitive) to walk on small bridge

(only conjugated with "meng-", intransitive) to walk on small or tight way

(transitive) to live (to spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually)


titi

Semantic loan from Javanese ꦠꦶꦠꦶ (titi, “careful, scrupulous, precise”), ultimately from Old Javanese titi (“arrangement, plan”)
* Old Javanese tata-titi (“arrangement, plan”), tatā (“arrangement; rule”), from Sanskrit तथा (tathā, “in that manner”).
* from back-formation of Old Javanese nīti (“tactful, prudent, wise”), from Sanskrit नीति (nīti, “leading; behavior; policy, ethics”). Compare to Javanese ꦤꦶꦠꦶ (niti, “to examine; wise conduct, good policy”)

cog

(dialectal) synonym of teliti (“thorough; conscientious”)


transit

From Dutch transit, from French transit, from Latin trānseō.

(trading) the conveyance of people or goods from one place to another, especially on a public transportation system; the vehicles used for such conveyance.

(astronomy) The passage of a celestial body across the observer's meridian, or across the disk of a larger celestial body.


kaftan

From Malay kaftan, from Classical Persian خفتان (xaftān).


antigen

Borrowed from Dutch antigeen (“antigen”), from French antigène, from anti- + gène.

bor+

(immunology) antigen: a substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.


ethanol

(chemistry, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of etanol (“ethanol”)


federal

From Dutch federaal, from French fédéral, from Latin stem foeder- of foedus (“covenant, league, treaty, alliance”).


palla

Borrowed from Italian palla , from Latin palla, of uncertain origin.

(Catholicism) a cloth used to cover a chalice during services.


formalin

formalin (a solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant and to preserve biological specimens)


margin

Borrowed from English margin, from Middle English margyn, from Latin marginem (possibly via Old French margin), accusative of margō (“edge, brink, border, margin”).

a permissible difference; allowing some freedom to move within limits.

the yield or profit; the selling price minus the cost of production.

(finance) collateral security deposited with a broker, to compensate the broker in the event of loss in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, commodities, etc.


forma

Learned borrowing from Latin fōrma (“form”).

lbor

(biology, taxonomy) form: an infraspecific rank.


rem

brake (device used to slow or stop a vehicle)


fagot

From Dutch fagot, from Italian fagotto. So called from being divided into parts for ease of carrying, making it a sort of small bundle or fagot.

bassoon (musical instrument in the woodwind family)


brutal

Borrowed from Dutch brutaal, from Middle Dutch brutael (“savage”), from Middle French brutal (“savage”), from Medieval Latin brutalis (“savage, stupid”), from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid”). Compare with Indonesian bruto.

der

(colloquial) brutal
violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel.


pastel

From Portuguese pastel (“a type of pastry”). Doublet of pasta.

(cooking) a type of fried curry puff, similar to empanada


pastel

From Dutch pastel, from French pastel, from Italian pastello. Related to the first etymology.

pastel (any of several subdued tints of colors)


pris

From Dutch prijs, from Middle Dutch prijs, prise, from Old French pris, preis, from Latin pretium (“worth, price, money spent, wages, reward”). Cognate to Afrikaans prys.

(colloquial) prize, honor or reward striven for in a competitive contest or that which may be won by chance.


rebus

head

rêbus (active merebus, passive direbus, perfective passive terebus)

rêbus (canonical)
merebus (active)
direbus (passive)
terebus (passive perfective)

(transitive) to boil (to cook in boiling water)


minder

Clipping of minderwaardig (“insecure”), from Dutch minderwaardig (“inferior, third-rate”).

bor

(colloquial) feeling inferior due to low self-esteem, insecure.


minaret

minarèt (canonical)
minaret-minaret (plural)

From Dutch minaret, from French minaret, from Ottoman Turkish مناره (Turkish minare), from Arabic مَنَارَة (manāra, “lighthouse”). Doublet of menara and menorah.


min

borrowed from Dutch min, from Middle Dutch min, from Old Dutch min.


min

borrowed from Dutch munt, from Middle Dutch mente, minte, from Latin mentha.

mint (any plant in the family Lamiaceae)

min:

mint (a green colour, like that of mint)

mint (mint-flavored candy, often eaten to sweeten the smell of the breath)


temperatur

temperatur (canonical)
témpêratur (canonical)

From Dutch temperatuur, from French température, from Latin temperātūra.


mina

From English myna, from Hindi मैना (mainā)/Urdu مینا (mainā), from Sanskrit मदन (madana).


mina

From Arabic مِينَاء (mīnāʔ, “port, harbour”).


visual

From Late Latin visualis (“of sight”), from Latin visus (“sight”).

visual
related to or affecting the vision.


bantal

From Malay bantal, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bandal.

pillow (soft cushion used to support the head in bed)


nom de plume

Unadapted borrowing from French nom de plume (literally “name of feather”).


kongsi

Inherited from Malay kongsi, from Hokkien 公司 (kong-si). See also Hokkien 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe), Dutch Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (“Dutch East India Company”, literally “United East India Company”).

ncog

perkongsian [causative passive + resultative

Bambang juga akan mendatangi perusahaan dan kongsi pemodal yang menjalankan bisnis plasma peternak ayam broiler.

2018 July 31, Surya Yuli, “Peternak Ayam Broiler Terus Merugi [Breeders of Broiler Chicken Continue to Have Losses]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-09-26:

Bambang will also visit companies and joint venture investors that run the business of outsourcing broiler chicken breeders.

Dua tukang gedor itu membuktikan tidak pecah kongsi ketika bahu-membahu membawa The Reds mengatasi Cardiff City 4-1 dalam lanjutan Liga Primer Inggris di Cardiff, Sabtu (27/10).

2018 October 29, “Bukti Salah dan Mane Tidak Pecah Kongsi [Proof that Salah and Mané did not break up their partnership]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-09-26:

The two forwards proved that they did not break up their partnership while cooperating shoulder-to-shoulder to bring The Reds to overcome Cardiff City 4-1 in an extension of the English Premier League at Cardiff on Saturday, 27 October.

(dated) company: any business, whether incorporated or not, that manufactures or sells products (also known as goods), or provides services as a commercial venture.

kongsi: a benevolent organization of popular origin found among overseas Chinese communities for individuals with the same surname.


dawet

Borrowed from Javanese ꦝꦮꦼꦠ꧀ (dhawet), from Old Javanese ḍawĕt.

(cooking) drink from coconut milk and melted sugar with lumps of rice-flour