miras

Acronym of minuman keras (“liquor, distilled beverage”).


moderen

modèrên (canonical)
moderen-moderen (plural)


montase

montasê (canonical)
montase-montase (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch montage, from French montage.

(art) montage: A composite work, particularly an artwork, created by assembling or putting together other elements such as pieces of music, pictures, texts, videos, etc.


mutan

Borrowed from Dutch mutant, from Latin mutans.


novela

From from Italian novella, from Latin novella, feminine of novellus. Doublet of novela and novelet.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, shorter than a novel.


oferte

From Dutch offerte, from French offerte, offrir, from Old French ofrir, from Vulgar Latin *offerīre, from Latin offerre.

(trading) quotation: a price that has been quoted for buying or selling; the act of setting a price.


oren

From English orange, from Middle English orenge, orange, from Old French pome orenge (“Persian orange”, literally “orange apple”), influenced by Old Occitan auranja and calqued from Old Italian melarancio, melarancia, compound of mela (“apple”) and (n)arancia (“orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Classical Persian نارنگ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”), from Dravidian (compare Tamil நர்தங்காய் (nartaṅkāy), compound of நரந்தம் (narantam, “fragrance”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”); also Telugu నారంగము (nāraṅgamu), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi)).


relevan

From Dutch relevant, from Old French relevant (“assisting”), from Latin relevāns, relevāntem, present active participle of relevō (“lift up again, lighten, relieve”), from re- (“again”) + levō (“lift”).

relevant: directly related, connected, or pertinent to a topic.


remas

Inherited from Malay ramas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaməs. Doublet of rames.


renta

Alternative spelling of merenta-renta (“to snap with stomping”)


renten

rèntên (canonical)
renten-renten (plural)

From Dutch renten (“interest”, plural noun).


reportase

réportasê (canonical)
reportase-reportase (plural)

From Dutch reportage, from French reportage.


residen

résidèn (canonical)
residen-residen (plural)

→ Chinese: 挨實嗹 /挨实𪡏.

* From Malay residen, from Dutch resident, from French résident, from Latin residens, residentem.
* For sense of physician receiving specialized medical training, semantic loan from English resident.

n-g

a person, animal or plant living at a certain location or in a certain area.

(historical) some official representatives of European colonial powers, while in theory diplomats, in practice exercised a degree of indirect rule, including in Dutch East Indies as head of Dutch residentie or Dutch afdeling.

(medicine) a physician receiving specialized medical training.


responden

rèspondèn (canonical)
responden-responden (plural)

respondent: a person replying to a questionnaire.


sajen

From Javanese sajen (ꦱꦗꦺꦤ꧀), from Old Javanese sajen. Reanalysed as saji + -an. Doublet of sajian.


tajen

From Balinese tajen (ᬢᬚᬾᬦ᭄, “cockfight”). Reanalysed as taji (“spur”) + -an.


tiras

(printing) circulation (number of copies sold of e.g. a newspaper).


toleran

From Dutch tolerant, from French tolérant, from Old French tolerant, from Latin tolerans, present participle of tolerō (“endure”).


sorban

Borrowed from Persian دولبند (“dolband”).


suda

Inherited from Malay suda, from Classical Malay سودا (suda), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suja (“pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo”).

inh

pointed caltrops of bamboo planted around a fortress, stockade as a defense


transito

From Dutch transito, from Italian transito, from Latin trānsitus.


tumben

Tumben kamu datang tepat waktu!

Used to express surprise or to indicate that something is unusual or unexpected.


unta

From Malay unta, from Prakrit 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝 (uṭṭa), from Sanskrit उष्ट्र (uṣṭra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *úštras, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ūsr- (“buffalo”). Compare to English oont, Hindi ऊँट (ū̃ṭ), Konkani ओंटे (oṇṭe), Gujarati ઊંટ (ū̃ṭa).


visite

visitê (canonical)
visite-visite (plural)

From Dutch visite (“visit”), from French visite.

(medicine) ward round, a regular visit paid by the medical staff to hospital inpatients under their care, in order to review their progress.


urus

From Malay urus, from Classical Malay hurus, urus.

to manage (to handle or control a situation or job)


futanari

From Japanese ふたなり (futanari, “hermaphrodite”).


saki

From Malay saki, from Classical Malay saki.
* From Arabic سَاقِي (sāqī, “cupbearer”).
* From Sanskrit सखि (sakhi, “friend, assistant, brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sákʰā, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷH- (“friend, companion”), from *sekʷ- (“follow”). Doublet of saka.


saki

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of sake.


eja

head

èja (base/imperative/colloquial eja, active mengeja, passive dieja)

èja (canonical)
mengeja (active)
dieja (passive)

From Malay eja, from Persian هجا (hejâ, “syllable”), from Arabic هِجَاء (hijāʔ, “spelling”).

to spell: to read (something) as though letter by letter


kinase

kinasê (canonical)
kinase-kinase (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kinase, from Ancient Greek κινεῖν (kineîn, “to move”) + -ase, a suffix forming enzyme names.


rol

From Dutch rol, from Middle Dutch rolle, from Old French role.


rol

From Dutch rol, rollen, from Middle Dutch rollen, from Old French roeler.


pom-pom

reduplication

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">pump</i>


suvenir

suvênir (canonical)
suvenir-suvenir (plural)

From Dutch souvenir, from French souvenir, from Middle French soubvenir, from Old French sovenir, from Latin subvenīre (“come to mind, occur to”).

der

souvenir (an item of sentimental value to remember an event or location)


dispenser

dispènsêr (canonical)
dispenser-dispenser (plural)

From English dispenser, from Anglo-Norman dispensour, from Old French despenseor, from Latin dispensator.


Tula

From Sanskrit तुला (tulā, “balance, scales”).


apologia

From Latin apologia (“apology”), from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “a speech made in defense of something”). Doublet of apologi.

(Catholicism) apology (formal justification, defence)


antik

From Dutch antiek, from Middle French antique, from Old French antic, from Latin antīquus.


fenomena

fénoména (canonical)
fenomena-fenomena (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin phaenomena, plural nominative of phaenomenon (“appearance”), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing appearing to view”), neuter present middle participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “I show”).

fenomen

superseded spelling; borrowed from Dutch fenomeen

a thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses

phenomena, phenomenon:
a fact or occurrence thereof.

knowable thing or event (eg by inference, especially in science)

a fact or event considered very unusual, curious, or astonishing by those who witness it.


cahaya

From Malay cahaya, from Sanskrit छाया (chāyā, “lustre, light”).


menyala-nyala

From meng- + nyala with reduplication at the base word.

to be on fire, especially producing bright flames

to send forth or reflect a bright light; shine like a flame

(intransitive) to flare up
to burn brightly again

(intransitive) to flare up
to become more intense suddenly


menyala-nyala

head

mênyala-nyala (comparative lebih menyala-nyala, superlative paling menyala-nyala, equative semenyala-nyala)

mênyala-nyala (canonical)
lebih menyala-nyala (comparative)
paling menyala-nyala (superlative)
semenyala-nyala (equative)

blazing (of tremendous intensity, heat (thermal energy) or fervor; white-hot)

raging
Volatile, very active or unpredictable

spirited (lively, vigorous, animated or courageous)


lapisan

a single thickness of some material covering a surface

a (usually) horizontal deposit; a stratum

(computer graphics, by analogy to a stack of transparencies) one in a stack of (initially transparent) drawing surfaces that comprise an image; used to keep elements of an image separate so that they can be modified independently from one another

(networking) one of the seven network switch pieces in the Open Systems Interconnection model: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical

one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another

(geology) a layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout

any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers

a class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status


frasa

From earlier form frase, from Dutch frase, from Late Latin phrasis (“diction”), from Ancient Greek φράσις (phrásis, “manner of expression”), from φράζω (phrázō, “I tell, express”).

der

phrase: a word or group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, usually consisting of a head, or central word, and elaborating words.


aparat

From Dutch apparaat, from Middle French apparat, from Latin apparātus. Doublet of aparatus.

apparatus, staff who work directly on maintaining operations; in particular those of a bureaucracy


orang utan

From Malay orang utan, compound of orang (“person, man”) + utan (“forest”).


hipotenusa

Borrowed from Dutch hypotenusa, from Latin hypotenusa, from Ancient Greek ὑποτείνουσα πλευρά (hupoteínousa pleurá, “side subtending [the right angle]”), from ὑποτείνουσα (hupoteínousa, “stretching, extending, subtending”), active participle of ὑποτείνω (hupoteínō, “subtend, stretch under”).

ὑποτείνουσα πλευρά


antre

queue, a line of people, vehicles or other objects, in which one at the front end is dealt with first, the one behind is dealt with next, and so on, and which newcomers join at the opposite end (the back).


antre

antré (canonical)
antre (root)
mengantre (active)
antre (active)
antrelah (active)
mengantrekan (active applicative causative locative)
diantrekan (applicative causative locative passive)
antrekan (applicative causative locative)
antrekanlah (applicative causative locative)

to put oneself or itself at the end of a waiting line.

to arrange themselves into a physical waiting queue.


menit

From dialectal Dutch (Standard Dutch minuut), from Middle French minute, from Old French minute, from Latin minūta. Influenced by inherited French-Dutch menuet (“minuet”).

a unit of time equal to sixty seconds (one-sixtieth of an hour).

a unit of angle equal to one-sixtieth of a degree.


Alkitab

From Malay Alkitab, from Arabic الْكِتَاب (al-kitāb, “the book”).


umat

From Malay umat, from Arabic أُمَّة (ʔumma, “community”).


bursa

* Learned borrowing from Latin bursa, from the Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide, wine-skin”).
* Semantic loan from Dutch beurs.

Bursa Efek Indonesia

(business, economics) exchange: a place for conducting trading.

bursa capres

(by extension, figurative, colloquial) election.


bursa

(anatomy) bursa, any of the many small fluid-filled sacs located at the point where a muscle or tendon slides across bone. These sacs serve to reduce friction between the two moving surfaces.


en face

Unadapted borrowing from French en face.


tersebut

Inherited from Malay tersebut,
from Classical Malay tersebut. Equivalent to
ter- + sebut.

definite article
definite article#English


termasuk

From Malay termasuk, from Classical Malay termasuk, equivalent to
ter- + masuk


terlalu

Inherited from Malay terlalu, equivalent to ter- + lalu.

Lukisannya terlalu besar untuk digunakan sebagai hiasan dinding.

The painting is too large to be used as a wall decoration.

too (to an excessive degree; over; more than enough)


terlalu

synonym of keterlaluan (“unreasonable; outrageous”)


telah

head

têlah (base telah, imperative telah, active menelah, ordinary passive ditelah)

têlah (canonical)
telah (imperative)
menelah (active)

From Arabic مُطَالَعَة (muṭālaʕa, “study”), طَالَعَ (ṭālaʕa). Doublet of telaah.


dekan

From Dutch decaan (“dean”), from Late Latin decānus.

(education) A senior official in a college or university, who may be in charge of a division or faculty.

(Christianity) A dignitary or presiding officer in certain church bodies, especially an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop, in charge of a chapter of canons.


dekan

From Malay dekan, from Semelai dkan, from Proto-Aslian *dəka(a)n, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁kan (“bamboo rat”). Compare Khasi dkhan (“hill rat, mole”), Muong cẳn (“bamboo rat”) and Khmu tkan ("mole").

Rhizomys sumatrensis
Rhizomys sumatrensis#Translingual

large bamboo rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis).


banzai

From Japanese 万歳 (banzai, “long live..., huzzah, hurrah”).

der

a cry or cheer of "banzai", to express enthusiasm or celebrate victory


adem

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦝꦼꦩ꧀ (adhem, “cold”), from Old Javanese aḍom, aḍĕm.


akademi

akadémi (canonical)
akademi-akademi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch akademie, from Middle French académie, from Latin acadēmīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀκαδημία (Akadēmía).


universitet

From Dutch universiteit (“university”), from Middle Dutch universiteit, from Old French universitei, from Medieval Latin ūniversitās. Compare to German Universität.

(education, dated) Superseded spelling of universitas.


demagog

démagog (canonical)
demagog-demagog (plural)

From Dutch demagoog, from Middle French démagogue, from Ancient Greek δημαγωγός (dēmagōgós, “popular leader, mob leader”) of δῆμος (dêmos, “people”) + ἀγωγός (agōgós, “guide”).


peci

From Dutch petje, diminutive form of pet. Doublet of pet.

Indonesian felt cap, with nationalist connotations, made popular by Sukarno. Usually black, but sometimes white, especially when worn by a haji.


BSD

Bumi Serpong Damai
w:id:Bumi Serpong Damai

Initialism of Bumi Serpong Damai: A planned city in South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia.


wayang

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦪꦁ (wayang, “shadow; imagination”), from Old Javanese wayaṅ. Doublet of bayang.

bor

(Indonesia) traditional arts performance (shadow puppetry, theatrical, dance, etc.) originally from Javanese culture.

shadow play:
the performance of shadow play

(figurative) puppet (a person, country, etc, controlled by another); overbeared.


gastrointestinal

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch gastro-intestinaal.


kumbang

From Malay kumbang, from Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Austronesian *-bəŋ.


koordinat

From Dutch coördinaat, from Medieval Latin coōrdinātus, past participle of coōrdinō (“I arrange together”), from Latin co- (“together”) + ōrdinō (“I arrange”).


ais

handball: the offence of a player touching the ball with the hand or arm on the field during play.


banding

Inherited from Malay banding (“comparison”).
* For sense of appeal (law), probably a semantic loan from Chinese 告 (“to check; to compare”), a variant of 校 (“to check; to compare”). For comparison, see 上告 (“to appeal”, literally “to raise an appeal”) and naik banding (“to appeal”, literally “to raise an appeal”).

zh-l

membandingi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

perbandingan [causative passive + resultative

(law) appeal: an application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


en bloc

Unadapted borrowing from French en bloc.

en bloc; as a whole; all at once; all together.


bazar

Borrowed from English bazaar or Dutch bazaar, from Middle French bazar or Italian bazar, from Ottoman Turkish بازار (bâzâr), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /wāzār/, “market”). Doublet of pasar.


nato

Borrowed from Japanese 納豆(なっと) (natto, “natto”).

(cooking) natto: a traditional Japanese food product made from fermented soybeans.


tian

From Malay tian, from Classical Malay تيان (tian), from Proto-Malayic *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN.


bromidrosis

bromidrosis (fetid or foul-smelling perspiration)


satori

Borrowed from Japanese 悟(さと)り (satori, “understanding, enlightment”).


PIB

(taxation) Initialism of pemberitahuan impor barang.


sotto voce

Unadapted borrowing from Italian sottovoce.


korma

korma-korma (canonical)
korma-korma (plural)

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of kurma (“date”)


andai

From Malay andai, from Classical Malay andai, from Tamil அண்டை (aṇṭai, “near”).


agonis

Borrowed from Dutch agonist (“agonist”), from Latin agōnista, from Ancient Greek ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “combatant, champion”).

der

(anatomy) the muscle that contracts while the other relaxes.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) a molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction.


padri

From Malay paderi, from Portuguese padre (“priest”), from Old Galician-Portuguese padre (“father”), from Latin pater, patrem (“father”), from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”).


OPM

Organisasi Papua Merdeka
w:id:Organisasi Papua Merdeka

Initialism of Organisasi Papua Merdeka (“Free Papua Movement”), a separatist movement in Papua, Indonesia


rubato

Unadapted borrowing from Italian rubato.


dolce far niente

Unadapted borrowing from Italian dolce far niente (literally “sweet doing nothing, sweet idleness”).

ubor

dolce far niente
dolce far niente#English

dolce far niente: sheer indulgent relaxation and blissful laziness, the enjoyment of idleness.


hawa

Inherited from Malay hawa, from Arabic هَوَاء (hawāʔ, “air, atmosphere”).

der

the gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.

atmosphere, air.
the air in a particular place.


hawa

Inherited from Malay hawa, from Arabic هَوَى (hawā, “love, desire, passion”).


hawa

From Arabic حَوَّاء (ḥawwāʔ, “Eve”), from Hebrew חוה (ḥawwâ).


soe

From Hokkien 衰 (soe, “to have poor luck”).


sil

(automotive) seal (something designed to prevent liquids or gases from leaking through a joint)


aci

From Hokkien 阿姊 (a-chí, a-ché, á-chí, “elder sister”) or Hakka 阿姊 (â-chí, â-chè, â-che, “elder sister”).


misi

→ Malay: misi

From Dutch missie. Cognate to Afrikaans missie.

mission,
set of tasks that fulfills a purpose.

a number of people appointed to perform any service; a delegation; an embassy.

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) religious evangelism.


raden

Borrowed from Javanese ꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ (radèn, “title of middle rank male royal descendants”), from Old Javanese rahadyan, rahaden, radyan, raden, affixed ra- (“His Honour, Your Honour”) + hadyan (“lord, master”).


persero

Alternative spelling of pesero (“shareholder”).


porsi

From Dutch portie, from Middle Dutch porcie, borrowed from Middle French portion, from Latin portiō.


rasi

From Malay rasi, from Sanskrit राशि (rāśi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *rāśíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rāćíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”).

(astrology) a sign of the zodiac (as being a certain sum or quantity of degrees), one-twelfth part of the ecliptic, an astrological house

astrology: divination about human affairs or natural phenomena from the relative positions of celestial bodies.

(astronomy) ellipsis of rasi bintang (“constellation”).


kedudukan

kêdudukan (canonical)
kedudukan-kedudukan (plural)

Affixed duduk + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kedudukan, from Classical Malay kedudukan.

(law) standing: the right of a party to bring a legal action, based on the relationship between that party and the matter to which the action relates.


kedudukan

Saya kedudukan paku.

(transitive, adversative) to accidentally sit on


idée fixe

Unadapted borrowing from French idée fixe (“idée fixe, obsession”, literally “fixed idea”).

ubor

(psychiatry, psychology) idée fixe, obsession


buni

From Malay buni, from Classical Malay بوني (buni), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buni, from Proto-Austronesian *buNi (“to hide; conceal”). Doublet of sembunyi.


buni

From Malay buni, from Classical Malay بوني (buni), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀnay. Doublet of brunai.


miksi

From Dutch mictie, from Latin micturio (“to urinate”).


kasino

From Dutch casino, from Italian casino, diminutive form of casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage, hut”).

casino:
a public building or room for gambling.


UB

Universitas Brawijaya
w:id:Universitas Brawijaya

(education) Initialism of Universitas Brawijaya.


rosario

From Malay rosario, from Portuguese rosário (“rosary”), from Latin rosarium.


MAN

madrasah aliah
madrasah aliah#Indonesian

(education) acronym of madrasah aliah negeri.


FIA

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu administrasi.


bahu

* Inherited from Malay bahu, from Classical Malay bahu, from Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *baHźʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Doublet of baju.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦲꦸ (bahu, “arm, village assistant”), from Old Javanese bāhu (“arm”), from the same Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu). See also Javanese bahudendha (“powerful”), from Old Javanese bāhudaṇḍa (“arm; assistant, guard, protection”, literally “long arm, arm-staff”), from Sanskrit बाहुदण्ड (bāhudaṇḍa, “long arm, arm-staff”).

cog

membahu

to shoulder, to carry over one's shoulder


bahu

village chief assistant, kepala dusun (Java)

(music, figurative) edge of musical percussion instrument that takes the form of a flat, circular metal disc which is hit with a mallet, such as gong (the shoulder of the instrument).


bahu

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese bahu (“many, much, frequent”), from Sanskrit बहु (bahu).


beleid

bêlèid (canonical)
beleid-beleid (plural)

Asuransi unit link diminati karena menawarkan manfaat perlindungan sekaligus investasi. Namun, banyak sengketa terjadi mendorong OJK terapkan beleid baru.

2023 April 20, Suli Murwani, “Biar Unit Link Bebas Sengketa, OJK Terapkan Beleid Baru”, in Tirto:

Unit-linked insurances are in demand as they offer protection and investment benefits. However, many obstacles have prompted the Financial Services Authority to implement a new policy.


gyoza

From Japanese 餃子(ぎょうざ) (gyōza), from Mandarin 餃子／饺子.

(cooking) gyoza: a Japanese crescent-shaped dumpling filled with a minced stuffing and steamed, boiled or fried; the Japanese equivalent of the Chinese jiaozi


banyo

Borrowed from Dutch banjo, from English banjo. Compare Malay banjo.


sinema

sinéma (canonical)
sinema-sinema (plural)

(uncommon) a movie theatre, a movie house.


proses

prosès (canonical)
proses-proses (plural)

From Dutch proces, from Middle Dutch proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin processus, past participle of procedo. Cognate of Afrikaans proses and West Frisian proses.

a series of events which produce a result (the product).

a path of succession of states through which a system passes.


rekening

rèkêning (canonical)
rekening-rekening (plural)

→ Min Nan: 力茄哖 (le̍kkeenî)

→ Tetum: rekening


adagium

adage (an old saying which has obtained credit by long use)


gara

(nonstandard) Alternative form of gahara


universitas

univêrsitas (canonical)
universitas-universitas (plural)

→ Malay: universitas

→ Tetum: universitas

Learned borrowing from Latin ūniversitās (“university”). Displaced, since 1954, earlier Dutch loanwords universiteit, universitet and universitit.


ngentot

From Betawi ngentot. Equivalent to meng- + entot.

(offensive, vulgar, colloquial, slang, intransitive) to fuck


ngentot

(offensive, vulgar, colloquial, slang) fuck!


arrivederci

Unadapted borrowing from Italian arrivederci.


pel

From Dutch vel, from Middle Dutch vel, from Old Dutch *fel, from Proto-Germanic *fellą, from Proto-Indo-European *pello-, *pelno-.


metrum

mètrum (canonical)
metrum-metrum (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin metrum (“measure”) via Dutch metrum, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”). Doublet of meter.


personalia

From Dutch personalia, from Latin persōnālia.


yuri

(colloquial) yuri (a narrative or visual work featuring a romance or sexual relationship between two or more women)


gita

From Malay gita, from Sanskrit गीत (gīta).


en vogue

Unadapted borrowing from French en vogue (“in fashion, fashionable”).


karton

Borrowed from Dutch karton, from French carton, from Italian cartone, carta, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus, paper”). Doublet of kardus, kartel, kartu, katrij, kartrid, and kertas.


sedia

From Malay sedia, from Sanskrit साध्य (sādhya).

(archaic or poetic) As it has always been; from the beginning; as it was from the start.


advies

(1901–1947) superseded spelling of advis.


alkohol

From Dutch alcohol, from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).

(colloquial) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.


klik

From Dutch kliek (“clique”), from French clique.

clique: a small, exclusive group of individuals, usually according to lifestyle or social status; a cabal.


klik

(linguistics): an ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.

the act of operating a switch, etc., so that it clicks.

(computing): the act of pressing a button on a computer mouse, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software.


korting

From Dutch korting (“discount”), from Middle Dutch cortinge.


onderneming

onderneming (canonical)
ondêrnéming (canonical)

From Dutch onderneming (“venture, enterprise, concern”).


haram

From Malay haram, from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām). Doublet of harem.

(Islam) haram: forbidden by Islam: unlawful, sinful.


handel

Borrowed from Dutch hendel, handel (“handle”), from English handle, from Middle English handel, handle, from Old English handle (“a handle”), from handlian (“to handle, feel, deal with, discuss”). Doublet of hendel.

bor+

handle (the part of an object which is (designed to be) held in the hand when used or moved)


jujutsu

Borrowed from Japanese 柔術 (じゅうじゅつ, jūjutsu), from Japanese 柔 (じゅう, jū, “soft, gentle”) + Japanese 術 (じゅつ, jutsu, “art, technique”). Attested before 1954.

bor

じゅうじゅつ, jūjutsu

der

jujitsu, a method of self-defence established in Japan emphasizing “jū” (soft or gentle) “jitsu” (art or technique). Japanese martial art that utilizes a large variety of techniques in defense against an opponent.


Indo

Borrowed from Dutch Indo (“A person of mixed Indonesian and European descent”), from Latin indo- (“India, East Indies”).

bor+

Indo-Europeaan: a person of mixed Indonesian and European descent.


omstandigheid

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch omstandigheid (“circumstance, condition”).


madrasah

From Malay madrasah, from Arabic مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).


kapital

From Dutch kapitaal, from French capital, from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (in sense “head of cattle”), from caput (“head”).

capital: money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.


toner

Cosmetic lotion designed to cleanse the skin and shrink pores, usually used on the face.

Powder used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the text and images on the printed paper.


kamp

From Dutch kamp, from Middle French camp, from Latin campus (“open space; field”). Doublet of kampus, kampiun, kampanye, and sampanye.

doublet

camp, an outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.


sori

(informal) Synonym of maaf (“sorry; excuse me”)


dapat

Inherited from Malay dapat. Cognate of Hiligaynon dapat, Tagalog dapat.

Pemerintah tak dapat menurunkan harga beras.

The government can not lower the rice price.


dapat

head

dapat (active mendapat, passive didapat)

(figurative, only used in a phrase) to get caught


daya

From Malay daya,
# from Proto-Malayic *daya (“to trick, to fool”).
# from Sanskrit उदय (udaya, “rise, result”).
# from Old Javanese daya (“inner feelings; heart”), from Pali hadaya (“feeling”, literally “heart”), from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya, “soul, mind, spirit”, literally “heart”).
# from Old Javanese daya, dāya, deya (“(future) act; plan”), de (“action; condition; by”) + aya, haya, ayah (“effort”).
The sense of a measure of the rate of work or transferring energy in physics is a semantic loan from Dutch vermogen (“power (physics)”, literally “ability”).

sl

(electricity) electricity or a supply of electricity.

power:
electricity or a supply of electricity.

(Standard Malay)

(classical mechanics) a measure of the rate of doing work or transferring energy, a measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time.

the strength by which a lens or mirror magnifies an optical image.


daya

From Malay daya, from Proto-Malayic *daya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daya, from Proto-Austronesian *daya (“towards the inland; south”).

inh

used only in the noun phrase barat daya (“southwest”)


seka

head

sèka (base-imperative seka, active menyeka, ordinary passive diseka)

From Portuguese seca (“drying”), secar (“to dry”), from Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin siccāre, from siccus (“dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyk-. Doublet of seko.

infinitive, imperative and colloquial of menyeka (“to wipe”)


seka

Borrowed from Balinese ᬲᭂᬓᬵ (seka), ᬲᭂᬓᬳ (sekaha, “villagers' club, society”), from Old Javanese sakhā (“friend”), from Sanskrit सखा (sakhā), सखि (sakhi, “friend”).


sigar

Borrowed from Dutch sigaar (“cigar”), from French cigare, from Spanish cigarro.


kredo

From Dutch credo (“creed”), from Middle Dutch crede, credo, from Latin crēdō, from Proto-Italic *krezdō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱred dʰeh₁- (“to place one's heart, i.e. to trust, believe”), compound phrase of oblique case form of *ḱḗr (“heart”) (whence also Latin cor) and *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”).


substantif

From Dutch substantief, from New Latin nōmen substantīvum.


fakta

From Dutch facta, plural form of factum, from Latin factum.

fact: something which is real; something actual as opposed to invented.


aliran

Inherited from Malay aliran. Equivalent to alir + -an.

flow (movement in people or things characterized with a continuous motion)

flow (the movement of a real or figurative fluid)

stream (a body of moving water confined by banks)

stream (any steady flow or succession of material)

current (the generally unidirectional movement of a gas or fluid)

draft, draught (a current of air, usually coming into a room or vehicle)

draft, draught (the draw through a flue of gasses (smoke) resulting from a combustion process)

(martial arts) style (a particular manner of creating, doing, or presenting something)

school, school of thought, ideology doctrine, philosophy (a particular way of thinking)

pipeline (a conduit made of pipes used to convey water, gas or petroleum etc.)


Antara

the Indonesian national news agency organized as a statutory corporation.


Kristus

Learned borrowing from Latin Chrīstus (“Christ”), from Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós), proper noun use of χρῑστός (khrīstós, “the anointed one”), a calque of Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”) and Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ).

der

Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ)


kabel

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kabel, from Middle Dutch cabel, from Old Northern French cable, a variant of Old French chable, from Late Latin capulum.


pour féliciter

Pseudo-Gallicism, derived from pour + féliciter, literally “to congratulate”. Not used in French-speaking countries.


koka

From Dutch coca, from Spanish coca, from Quechua kuka, perhaps from Aymara.


deras

From Malay deras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀəs.


totalisator

From Dutch totalisator, from English totalisator.


loper

From Dutch loper, from Middle Dutch lopere.

(colloquial) deliveryman, that delivers newspaper, and so on.

(chess) bishop: the chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝ which moves along diagonal lines and developed from the shatranj alfil ("elephant") and was originally known as the aufil or archer in English.


paleontologi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch paleontologie.

paleontology, palaeontology: study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, especially as represented by fossils.


kadmium

From Malay kadmium, from English cadmium, from Ancient Greek Καδμεία (Kadmeía), from Κάδμος (Kádmos).


liang

From Malay liang, from Proto-Austronesian *liaŋ (“cave, cavern”).


liang

A Chinese ounce or tael, reckoned as one-third heavier than the ounce avoirdupois. Short for 臺兩／台两 (“Taiwanese tael, equal to 1/16 of a catty or 37.5 grams”).


nila

From Malay nila, from Pali nīla (“blue”), from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “dark color”).

a plant which produce blue colour, Indigofera suffruticosa

nila:


liput

Inherited from Malay liput, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liput, from Proto-Austronesian *lipuC.


faksi

From Dutch factie (“faction”), from Middle French faction, from Latin factiō, factiōnem. Doublet of fatsun and fesyen.

Salah satu ciri Partai Demokratik Liberal adalah bahwa semua anggotanya dalam Diet mengelompok dalam faksi.

A characteristic of Liberal Democratic Party is the members in Diet groups in faction(s).

(politics) faction, a group of people, especially within a political organization, which expresses a shared belief or opinion different from people who are not part of the group.


faksi

(literature) a fictional story based on a real story or characters


nisan

From Malay nisan, from Classical Persian نشان (nišān), نیشان (nīšān, “sign, mark”), from Middle Persian nyšʾn' (nīšān, “sign, mark, banner”), nyš (nīš-).


Aceh

From Malay Aceh, from Classical Malay اچيه (Aceh), اچيه (Acéh), اچيه (Ace), اچيه (Acih), اچيه (Atjeh), from Acehnese Acèh.

Aceh (a special autonomous province of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra)


legenda

lêgènda (canonical)
legenda-legenda (plural)

an unrealistic story depicting past events.

a person related to a legend or legends.

(cartography) a key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.


-ita

Borrowed from Spanish -ita, influenced by wanita (“woman”).

puspa (“flower”) + -ita → Puspita


neng

miss (a title of respect for a young woman (usually unmarried) with or without a name used)


akropolis

From Ancient Greek ἀκρόπολις (akrópolis), from ἄκρος (ákros, “topmost”, “tip”, “summit”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


ulos

The woven textile of Batak people, commonly used in indigenous ceremonies (e.g. marriage, funerals, etc.).


apostrof

From Dutch apostrof, from Middle French apostrophe, from Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos).


opas

From Dutch oppas (“babysitter”), oppassen (“to watch out, beware”).


kuilu

From Portuguese coelho. Doublet of kelinci and terwelu.


akne

From Dutch acne, from French acné, from New Latin [Term?], probably a corruption of Ancient Greek ἀκμή (akmḗ).

(dermatology, pathology, uncommon) acne: a skin condition, usually of the face, that is common in adolescents. It is characterised by red pimples, and is caused by the inflammation of sebaceous glands through bacterial infection.


anoreksia

(pathology) anorexia: loss of appetite, especially as a result of disease.


geologi

From Dutch geologie, from New Latin geologia, from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê, “earth”) + -logia (“the study of”).


dian

From Malay dian, from Classical Malay dian, from Javanese ꦢꦶꦪꦤ꧀ (diyan, “lamp, lantern”).


nol

From Malay nol, from Dutch nul, from Latin nullus.


nol

(figurative) fruitless, unproductive, useless


klitoris

From Dutch clitoris, from New Latin clitoris, from Ancient Greek κλειτορίς (kleitorís).


konsensus

From Dutch consensus, from Latin cōnsēnsus.

A process of decision-making that seeks widespread agreement among group members.

General agreement among the members of a given group or community, each of which exercises some discretion in decision-making and follow-up action.


anakonda

Internationalism, borrowed from English anaconda, from New Latin anacandaia (“python”) [originally referring to a species of constrictor found in Sri Lanka], from Sinhalese හෙනකඳයා (henakaⁿdayā, “whip snake”), from හෙන (hena, “lightning, thunderbolt”) + කඳ (kaⁿda, “stem, trunk, body”).

(zoology) anaconda: Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America.


anatomi

From Dutch anatomie (“anatomy”), from Middle Dutch anatomye, from Latin anatomia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατομή (anatomḗ, “dissection”).


pahe

Abbreviation of paket hemat. (all senses)


entomologi

From Dutch entomologie, from French entomologie, from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (éntomon, “insect”) + -logie (from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía, “-logy”)).


laku

From Malay laku, from Classical Malay لاکو (laku).


solfeggio

Unadapted borrowing from Italian solfeggio.

ubor

(music) solfeggio, solfège: a method of sight singing that uses the syllables do (originally ut), re, mi, fa, sol (or so), la, and si (or ti) to represent the seven principal pitches of the scale, most commonly the major scale. The fixed-do system uses do for C, and the moveable-do system uses do for whatever key the melody uses (thus B is do if the piece is in the key of B). The relative natural minor of a scale may be represented by beginning at la.


optik

Borrowed from English optic, from Middle French optique or Medieval Latin opticus, from Ancient Greek ὀπτῐκός (optĭkós, “of or for sight”).

der

optic, optical (of, or relating to the eye or to or optical instruments)


optik

eyewear retail, a place selling optical instruments


saksi

From Malay saksi, sjaksi, from Sanskrit साक्षी (sākṣī), masculine nominative singular form of साक्षिन् (sākṣin, “witness”).


bezit

From Dutch bezit (“possession; estate”).


gravi

(cooking) gravy: a thick sauce made from the fat or juices that come out from meat or vegetables as they are being cooked.


merino

mêrino (canonical)
merino-merino (plural)


lipas

From Malay lipas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ipəs (“cockroach”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sipəs (“cockroach”).


conquistador

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish conquistador (“conquistador”, literally “conqueror”).


BKT

(education) Initialism of biaya kuliah tunggal.


lenso

From Papuan Malay [Term?] or Ambonese Malay [Term?], from Portuguese lenço, from Old Galician-Portuguese lenço, from Latin linteum (“linen cloth”), from linteus.

(dance) tari lenso: a social dance with handkerchief as prop.


pukimak

(literally, vulgar) (your) mother's vagina

(vulgar, offensive) motherfucker (an extremely contemptible, vicious or mean person)


ayat

From Malay ayat, from Arabic آيَة (ʔāya, “sign, token”).

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia adalah Kepolisian Nasional yang merupakan satu kesatuan dalam melaksanakan peran sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1).

National Police Republic of Indonesia is national police in unity in application of the role in the clause (1).

(accounting) entry: a formal record that documents a transaction.


amoniak

From Dutch ammoniak, from Latin ammoniacum.


spora

From Latin spora, either as learned borrowing from Latin or through Dutch spore, from Ancient Greek σπορά (sporá, “seed, a sowing”).

der

(biology) spore, (a reproductive particle, usually a single cell, released by a fungus, alga, or plant)

spore (a thick resistant particle produced by a bacterium or protist)


plakat

From Dutch plakkaat, from French placard.

placard, a sheet of paper or cardboard with a written or printed announcement on one side for display in a public place.


teologi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch theologie, from Old French theologie, from Latin theologia, from Koine Greek θεολογία (theología), θεολόγος (theológos, adjective), from θεός (theós) + λόγος (lógos).


geng

From English gang, from Middle English gang, from Old English gang (“a journey; way; passage”), from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”). Doublet of gang.

(colloquial) gang, a company of persons with distinct identity.

(colloquial) gang, a company of persons, especially criminals.


couveuse

Unadapted borrowing from French couveuse (“incubator”, literally “broody hen”).

ubor

(medicine) couveuse: an incubator for sickly infants, especially those born prematurely.


HIP

Haluan Ideologi Pancasila
Haluan Ideologi Pancasila#Indonesian

Acronym of Haluan Ideologi Pancasila (“Guide of Pancasilan Ideology”)


Markus

(biblical) Mark (disciple of Jesus, author of the Gospel of Matthew)


Antarktika

From Dutch Antarctica, from New Latin Antarctica, from Ancient Greek ἀνταρκτικός (antarktikós), from ἀντ- (ant-, “ant-, against, opposed”) + ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “Arctic”), from Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear”). The spelling change in Indonesian was proposed/accepted in January 2017 by Adi Budiwiyanto, previously spelled as Antartika.


LH

lingkungan hidup
lingkungan hidup#Indonesian


-lah

Used on verbs and adverbs to indicate the jussive, imperative.

Used on adverbs to indicate reassurance, emphasis and assertion.


renvoi

Borrowed from Dutch renvooi, from French renvoi.

(law) a situation in which a court, tasked with deciding which state's law should apply to a case, decides to apply the law of the forum, based on the determination that a court from another involved state would also apply the law of the forum.

cross-reference in text; a sign that refers to something introduced earlier in a text.

corrections, improvements, additions to an authentic deed by making marks in the margins and must be initialed


relai

Internationalism, ultimately from French relais, from Old French relaier.
* The verb sense is borrowed from English relay (“to relay, to convey: to pass on or transfer”).
* The noun sense is borrowed from Dutch relais (“relay”).

bor+

to relay, to convey: to pass on or transfer.


relai

(electronics) relay: An electrical actuator that allows a relatively small electrical voltage or current to control a larger voltage or current.


relai

(zoology) pearl snail (Melo melo); pearl conch.


genta

From Malay genta (“bell”), from Sanskrit घण्टा (ghaṇṭā, “bell”). Compare Hindi घंटा (ghaṇṭā) / Urdu گَھنْٹَہ (ghanṭa) and Punjabi گَھنْٹا (ghanṭā) / ਘੰਟਾ (ghaṇṭā).


puas

From Malay puas, from Proto-Malayic *puhas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqas.


antap

Inherited from Malay antap, from Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦥ꧀ (antep, “weight”), from Old Javanese antĕp (“hard, unyielding (in contact); unkind”).


antap

Perhaps from Minangkabau, from Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦥ꧀ (antep, “loyal; steady”), from Old Javanese antĕp (“hard, unyielding (in contact); unkind”).


stok

From Dutch stock, from Middle Dutch stoc, from Old Dutch stok, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz.

(trading) A store of goods ready for sale; inventory.

(biology) In tectology, an aggregate or colony of individuals, such as trees, chains of salpae, etc.


BEM

(education) Acronym of badan eksekutif mahasiswa (“student's executive council”).


heng

(colloquial, sports, soccer) handball, the offence of a player other than the goalkeeper touching the ball with the hand or hands on the field during play.


heng

(colloquial, computing) hang, an instance of ceasing to respond.


jin

From Malay jin,
from Classical Malay jin, from Arabic جِنّ (jinn, “genie”).

genie: a jinn, a being descended from the jann, normally invisible to the human eye, but who may also appear in animal or human form.


jin

From Dutch jeans, from English jeans, a shortened form of jean fustian (from Middle English Gene (“Genoa; Genovese”) + fustian (“strong cotton fabric”).

jeans: a pair of trousers made from denim cotton.


jin

From Dutch gin, geneva, alteration of Dutch genever (“juniper”), from Old French genevre (French genièvre), from Latin iūniperus (“juniper”).

gin: a colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.


jin

From Malay jin,
from Classical Malay jin, from Persian زین (zin, “saddle”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (zyn' /zēn/, “saddle”).

(obsolete) saddle: a seat (tack) for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal.


apotek

apoték (canonical)
apotek-apotek (plural)

From Dutch apotheek, from Middle Dutch apoteke, from Latin apothēca, from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “repository”). Doublet of butik.

pharmacy (place where prescription drugs are dispensed)


kompas

From Dutch kompas, from Middle Dutch compas (“circle; pair of compasses; compass”), from Old French compas, from Medieval Latin compassus (“a circle, a circuit”), from Latin com- (“together”) + passus (“a pace, step, later a pass, way, route”).

compass (a magnetic or electronic device used to determine the cardinal directions (usually magnetic or true north))


kompas

head

kompas (active mengompas, passive dikompas)

Near-synonym: rampas

(transitive, intransitive, dialectal) to ask for money by force


aq

(text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of aku.


benda

From Malay benda (“a valuable thing”), from Sanskrit भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa, “good”). Doublet of banda. Cognate of Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝ (bandha).


krans

Borrowed from Dutch krans, from Middle Dutch crans, from Middle High German kranz, from Old High German kranz, probably altered from krenz, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *kringaz (“circle, ring”).

der

wreath: An ornamental circular band made, for example, of plaited flowers and leaves, and used as decoration; a garland or chaplet, especially one given to a victor.


bulbul

Inherited from Malay bulbul, from Classical Persian بلبل (bulbul) or from Arabic بُلْبُل (bulbul).


klem

From Dutch klem, from Middle Dutch clemme, from Proto-Germanic *klampō (“clamp, clasp, cramp”).


trompet

(music) A trumpet (especially one of European origin)

Trompet truk di jalanan mengaung tinggi.

Truck horns in the street blasted shrilly.


hatta

From Malay hatta, from Classical Malay hatta
* from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until, as far as, to the point of, even up to; in order to, so that; even”).
* from Pali attha (“welfare, gain, wealth; need, want, use; meaning”), from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

(obsolete) therefore, thus, consequently, hence


bufer

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry) a solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid.

(computing) a portion of memory set aside to temporarily store data, often before it is sent to an external device or as it is received from an external device.


bufet

From Dutch buffet, from French buffet, from Middle French bufet, from Old French bufet, of uncertain origin; possibly a Celtic borrowing.

a counter or sideboard from which food and drinks are served or may be bought.

(cooking) food laid out in this way, to which diners serve themselves.


batalyon

(military) military official form of batalion


bloknot

From Dutch blocnote/bloknoot, from French bloc-notes/bloc-note.


brigadir

From Dutch brigadier, from French brigadier.


plak

From Dutch plak, from Middle Dutch plagge; placke; plecke; placken, from Old Dutch *plakko, *plakka, from Proto-Germanic *plaggą. Doublet of plakat.

(dermatology) a broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule (“inflamed, irritated patch”) on the skin.

(cardiology) an abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.


ambar

From Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar), from Middle Persian ʾmbl (ambar, “ambergris”).

amber: a hard, generally yellow to brown translucent fossil resin, used for jewellery. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight.

ambergris: the waxy product of the sperm whale.


hambar

Inherited from Malay hambar, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qambaR (“tasteless, insipid”)

inh

Tanpa garam, sup ini tentu akan terasa hambar.

Without salt, this soup will surely taste bland.


faqih

(Islam, law, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of fakih (“faqih”)


falsafah

From Malay falsafah, from Classical Malay falsafah, from Arabic فَلْسَفَات (falsafāt), فَلْسَفَة (falsafa), either constructed based on فَيْلَسُوف (faylasūf, “philosopher”), or based directly on Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), compounded from φίλος (phílos, “beloved”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). Doublet of filosofi and filsafat.

compound

philosophy: a view or outlook regarding fundamental principles underlying some domain.


vertikal

Borrowed from Dutch verticaal (“vertical”).


kurkuma

From Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “turmeric”), from Sanskrit कुङ्कुम (kuṅkuma).


kalkun

Borrowed from Dutch kalkoen (“turkey”), older Calcoensche haan (modern kalkoense haan), from Calcoen, the then-used name for the Indian city Calicut, modern Kozhikode.

Meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo#Translingual


referat

From Dutch referaat, from German Referat, from Latin referat, referō.

(medicine, education) report, abstract, summary.


sekat

Inherited from Malay sekat, from Proto-Malayic *səkat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səkəd. The sense of to stop is semantic loan from Minangkabau [Term?].


sekat

Borrowed from Dutch schaats (“skate, ice skate”), from Middle Dutch schāetse (“stilt”), from Old Northern French escache (“a stilt, trestle”), from Frankish *skakkjā (“stilt”, literally “thing that moves”), from the verb *skakan (“to shake”).


geman

From Malay geman, from Classical Persian گمان (gumān, “suspicion”). Doublet of gamang and gemang.


nasi goreng

→ English: nasi goreng

desctree

→ Dutch: nasi goreng
→ Papiamentu: nasigóren

From Malay nasi goreng, from nasi (“rice”) + goreng (“fried”).


Kristen

From Dutch christen (“Christian”), from Middle Dutch cristen, variant of kersten, from Old Dutch [Term?], from, Ancient Greek Χρῑστιᾱνός (Khrīstiānós) from Latin Christiānus.

(Christianity) Christianity, an Abrahamic religion originating from the community of the followers of Jesus Christ.


chauvinisme

Alternative spelling of sauvinisme (“chauvinism”)


kabinet

kabinèt (canonical)
kabinet-kabinet (plural)

→ Min Nan: 甲辦 /甲办, 甲角

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kabinet (“cabinet”), from Middle French cabinet, cabin, from Old French cabane, from Medieval Latin capanna (“a cabin”), of uncertain origin; possibly a metathesis of Latin canaba. Doublet of kabana and kabin.

(politics, government) group of ministers.


kapitan

From Malay kapitan, borrowed Portuguese capitam (“captain”), from Old Galician-Portuguese capitan, capitam, from Genoese Ligurian capitan, from Late Latin capitānus, from capitāneus, or Latin capitālis. Doublet of kapital and kapten.

Nusa Tenggara Timur
Nusa Tenggara Timur#Indonesian

chieftain in the Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands (Nusa Tenggara Timur) and Mollucas (Maluku)

a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines as community leaders of local foreign communities, such as Kapitan Cina

(archaic) captain
leader chief in the army


karnaval

From Dutch carnaval, from French carnaval, either from Italian carnevale, from Medieval Latin carnelevale, from carnem (“flesh”) + levāre (“lighten, raise”).


kafe

From Dutch café, from French café, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Doublet of kopi.


fase

From Dutch phase (current spelling fase), from New Latin phasis, from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”), from φάειν (pháein, “to shine”).

der

fase bulan

a distinguishable part of a sequence or cycle occurring over time.

fase padat

(chemistry) a component in a material system that is distinguished by chemical composition and/or physical state (solid, liquid or gas) and/or crystal structure. It is delineated from an adjoining phase by an abrupt change in one or more of those conditions.

sistem tenaga listrik 3 fase

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) in a polyphase electrical power system, one of the power-carrying conductors, or the alternating current carried by it.


oksigen

oksigèn (canonical)
oksigen-oksigen (plural)

Borrowed from English oxygen, from French oxygène, from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús) + γένος (génos).


iklim

From Malay iklim, from Arabic إِقْلِيم (ʔiqlīm), from Ancient Greek κλίμα (klíma).


komandan

→ Min Nan: 公勃壟 /公勃垄 (kong-pu̍t-lóng)

From Dutch commandant (“commandant”), from French commandant.


kompleks

komplèks (canonical)
kompleks-kompleks (plural)

From Dutch complex, from either French complexe or German komplex, from Latin complexus.


kondensator

(electronics) capacitor, an electronic component capable of storing electrical energy in an electric field; especially one consisting of two conductors separated by a dielectric.

a device designed to condense a gas into a liquid, either as part of a still, steam engine, refrigerator or similar machine.

a lens (or combination of lenses) designed to gather light and focus it onto a specimen or part of a mechanism.


konduktor

Learned borrowing from Latin conductor. Doublet of kondektur.
* Semantic loan from English conductor for music sense.

(physics) something that can transmit electricity, heat, light or sound.

(music) a person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting.


konkret

From Dutch concreet, from Latin concrētus.


undur

From Malay undur, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unduD, *undur (“retreat, fall back”). Compare Binukid undud (“to move backwards”).

mengundurkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

diundurkan [patient focus + causative benefactive]


konsul

consul (an official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country)


konsul

From Dutch consult, from Middle French consulter, from Latin cōnsultō (“to deliberate, consult”), frequentative of cōnsulō (“to consult, deliberate, consider, reflect upon, ask advice”), from com- (“together”) + -sulō, from Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grab”).


konsul

konsul-konsul (plural)
konsul (root)
mengkonsulkan (active applicative causative locative)
dikonsulkan (applicative causative locative passive)
konsulkan (applicative causative locative)
konsulkanlah (applicative causative locative)

(especially medicine) consultation: A conference for the exchange of information and advice; An appointment or meeting with a professional person, such as a doctor.


kontrol

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

control, influence or authority over something.

Pasien diabetes harus tetap kontrol ke dokter selama pandemi COVID-19.

Diabetic patient will have continued medical checkup during COVID-19 pandemic.


BAK

buang air kecil
buang air kecil#Indonesian

Initialism of biro administrasi keuangan (“finance bureau”).


kran

From Dutch kraan, from Middle Dutch crāne, from Old Dutch *crano, from Proto-Germanic *kranô, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Doublet of keran.

Nonstandard spelling of keran (“tap, faucet”).


kreditor

(finance, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of kreditur (“creditor”)


registri

(computing) a database of configuration settings etc. maintained by the Microsoft Windows operating system.

(medicine) disease registry, patient registry: collections of secondary data related to patients with a specific diagnosis, condition, or procedure, and they play an important role in post marketing surveillance of pharmaceuticals.


kupon

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch coupon, from French coupon, couper (“to cut”).

A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be entitled to some specified accommodation or service, as to a passage over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a theater, a discount, etc.

A voucher issued by a manufacturer or retailer which offers a discount on a particular product.

(finance, obsolete) A certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the interest is due; an interest warrant.

(finance) Any interest payment made or due on a bond, debenture or similar (no longer by a physical coupon).


kurator

a person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library, archive or zoo.

a member of a curatorium, a board for electing university professors, etc.

liquidator appointed by a judge after bankruptcy.


kurs

→ Tetum: kurs

From Dutch koers (“rate, price”), from Middle Dutch coers, from Middle French cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus. Doublet of kursus.
* Semantic loan from Dutch wisselkoers (“exchange rate”)


spion

(colloquial) side mirror, outside mirror, wing mirror (automobile)


elektrik

èlèktrik (canonical)
elektrik-elektrik (plural)

From Dutch electric (current spelling elektriek), from French électrique, from Latin ēlectricus, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron). Doublet of listrik.


eskalator

escalator, a motor-driven mechanical device consisting of a continuous loop of steps that automatically conveys people from one floor to another.


estetika

Borrowed from Dutch esthetica (“aesthetic; aesthetics”), from New Latin aesthetica, aestheticus, from Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós).

bor+

(philosophy) the study or philosophy of beauty

aesthetics
the study or philosophy of beauty

an artist's principles, preferences, and/or his agenda


etika

From Dutch ethica, from Old French ethique, from Late Latin ethica, from Ancient Greek ἠθική (ēthikḗ), from ἠθικός (ēthikós, “of or for morals, moral, expressing character”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, moral nature”). Doublet of etik.


lesi

From Dutch lesie, laesie (“lesion”), from Latin laesiō (“injury”).

(medicine) an infected or otherwise injured or diseased organ or part.


lektor

From Dutch lector, from Latin lēctor (“lecturer, reader”).

(education) functional position of lecturer.

(education) assistant professor (academic rank)

(education) (senior) assistant professor (academic rank)

(Christianity) lector, a lay person who reads aloud certain religious texts in a church service.


ministri

(Christianity) The clergy of nonapostolic Protestant churches.


pul

From English pooling, pool, from French poule.


magistrat

From Dutch magistraat, from Latin magistrātus.

magistrate:
high executive state official


makaron

From Dutch makaron, from French macaron, from Italian maccarone.

(cooking) macaron: any of various pastries based on almond and egg white, traditionally made in France.


maksimal

From Dutch maximaal, from French maximal, from Latin maximus.


lenga

Inherited from Malay lenga (“sesame”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *leŋa.

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual


curi

mencuri (canonical)
curi (root)
mencuri (active)
dicuri (active involuntary passive)
curi (active)
curilah (active)
mencurikan (active applicative causative locative)
dicurikan (applicative causative locative passive)
curikan (applicative causative locative)
curikanlah (applicative causative locative)

From Malay curi, from Hindi चोरी (corī, “thief”), from Sanskrit चोर (cora, “thief, robber”) with the root चुर् (cur, “to steal, rob”). Cognate of Javanese ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦃ (corah, “thief, bandit; bad person”), Old Javanese corah, cora (“thief, robber”).

cog

to steal (to illegally take possession of)


biomassa

Prefixed bio- + massa, from Dutch biomassa.


sinonim

From Dutch synoniem, from Latin synōnymum, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), neuter singular form of συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


antonim

From Dutch antonym, from Ancient Greek ἀντωνυμία (antōnumía), from ἀντί (antí, “against”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name, noun”).


formulator

Borrowed from English formulator, from formulate + -or.


mebel

From Dutch meubel, from Middle Dutch meubel, from Old French meuble (French meuble), from Latin mobilis. Doublet of mobil.

piece of furniture
piece of furniture#English


safir

From Dutch saffier, from Middle Dutch saffier, from Latin sapphirus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).


bisturi

From Dutch bistouri, from French bistouri, from archaic Italian pistorese or pistorino (“from Pistoia”).

(surgery, colloquial) scalpel; blade; medical knife


tirai

From Malay tirai (“curtain”), from Tamil திரை (tirai, “curtain”), from Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, “apart, across”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥Hás, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-ós, from *terh₂-. Doublet of trans-.


mikrob

mikrop (canonical)
mikrob-mikrob (plural)

From Dutch microbe, from French microbe. Pronunciation may be influenced by English.


tarif

From Dutch tarief, from French tarif, from Middle French [Term?], from Italian tariffa or Spanish tarifa, from Ottoman Turkish تعرفه (ta'rife), from Persian تعرفه (ta'refe), from Arabic تَعْرِفَة (taʕrifa). Doublet of takrif.


monolog

From Dutch monoloog; ultimately from French monologue


rapi

head

rapi (comparative lebih rapi, superlative terapi, equative serapi)

lebih rapi (comparative)
terapi (superlative)
serapi (equative)

neat (clean; free from dirt or impurities)


mandati

mandati (active memandati, passive dimandati)


M.A.

(education) Abbreviation of Magister Akuntansi.


enfant terrible

Unadapted borrowing from French enfant terrible (literally “badly-behaved child”).

ubor

an unconventional badly-behaved person who causes embarrassment or shock to others.

enfant terrible:
(literally) a wild child


badi

From Malay badi, from Persian بدی (badi, “badness”).


badai

From Malay badai, from Tamil வாடை (vāṭai, “wind, north wind, chill wind”).


cintai

head

cintai (active mencintai, passive dicintai)


coli

Javanese ngocok + Javanese peli. Equivalent to blend of mengocok + pelir.


coli

From Malay coli, culi, probably from Hindi चोली (colī).


basi

From Malay basi, perhaps from Tamil வாசி (vāci, “to smell”). Cognate of Tagalog basi (“rice wine”).

banal (too common, having been known for so long, basic)


basi

Probably from Tamil வாசி (vāci, “rate, discount”).


basi

zh-l

盤子／盘子 (pánzi)


filosofi

From Dutch filosofie (“philosophy”), from Old French philosophie, and their source, Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), from φίλος (phílos, “loving”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). Doublet of falsafah and filsafat.


gusti

From Javanese ꦒꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (gusti), from Old Javanese gusti, from Sanskrit गोष्ठ (goṣṭha, “Śiva”, literally “cow-shed”).


gusti

From Malay gusti, from Persian کشتی (košti, “wrestling”).


opini

From Dutch opinie, from Middle Dutch opinie, from Old French opinion, from Latin opīniō, from opīnor (“to opine”).

opinion: a belief, judgment or perspective that a person has formed, either through objective or subjective reasoning, about a topic, issue, person or thing.


versi

a specific form or variation of something.

a translation from one language to another.

an account or description from a particular point of view, especially as contrasted with another account.


fotografi

From English photography, from French photographie.

photography: the art and technology of producing images on photosensitive surfaces, and its digital counterpart.


faktor

From Dutch factor, from Middle Dutch factoor, from Middle French facteur, from Latin factor (“a doer, maker, performer”), from factus (“done or made”), perfect passive participle of faciō (“do, make”).

one of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute to produce a result.

(mathematics) any of various objects multiplied together to form some whole.

influence; a phenomenon that affects the nature, the magnitude, and/or the timing of a consequence.


paket

From Dutch pakket, from Middle French pacquet (Modern French paquet), from Dutch pak, from Proto-Germanic *pakkô. Doublet of pak.

a small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel.

(computing) a small fragment of data as transmitted on some types of network, notably Ethernet networks.

something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.

something which consists of various components, such as a piece of computer software.


ceri

From English cherry, from Middle English chery, cherie, chirie, from Anglo-Norman cherise (mistaken as a plural) and Old English ċiris, ċirse (“cherry”), both ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, from Late Latin ceresium, cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry fruit”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), and ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin. Mostly replaced both kersen and kers.

a small fruit, usually red, black or yellow, with a smooth hard seed and a short hard stem.

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

Prunus subg. Cerasus, trees or shrubs that bear cherries.


diari

Borrowed from English diary, from Latin diārium (“a daily allowance for soldiers, in Late Latin also ‘diary’”), neuter of *diārius, from diēs (“a day”).

synonym of buku harian (“diary; journal”).


valuta

From Dutch valuta, from Italian valuta (“currency”).


folklor

Borrowed from Dutch folklore, from English folklore.

(literature) folklore: the tales, legends, superstitions and traditions of a particular ethnic population.


ramai

Inherited from Malay ramai, from Javanese ꦫꦩꦺ (ramé, “noisy, bustling”), from Old Javanese rame, ramya (“beautiful, lovely; joyful, glad; bustling”), from Sanskrit रम्य (ramya, “pleasing”). Doublet of ramah.


cari

head

cari (active mencari, passive dicari, perfective passive tercari)

mencari (active)
dicari (passive)
tercari (passive perfective)

From Malay cari, from Sanskrit चारिन् (cārin).

(transitive) to find; to search; to seek (to try to find something whose whereabouts are unknown)


sosial

From Dutch sociaal, from Latin sociālis (“of or belonging to a companion or companionship or association, social”), from socius (“a companion, fellow, partner, associate, ally”), from sequor (“follow”).


ceti

From Malay ceti, from Tamil செட்டி (ceṭṭi, “mercantile class”), from Prakrit 𑀲𑁂𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (sĕṭṭhi), from Sanskrit श्रेष्ठिन् (śreṣṭhin, “merchant”).


visi

Borrowed from Dutch visie, from Middle Dutch visie, from Latin vīsiō.

vision (an ideal or a goal toward which one aspires)

(uncommon) vision (the sense or ability of sight)

(uncommon) vision (something seen; an object perceived visually)

Near-synonym: khayalan

vision (something imaginary one thinks one sees)


misteri

mistéri (canonical)
misteri-misteri (plural)

From Dutch mysterie, from Latin mysterium, from Ancient Greek μυστήριον (mustḗrion, “a mystery, a secret, a secret rite”), from μύστης (mústēs, “initiated one”), from μυέω (muéō, “I initiate”), from μύω (múō, “I shut”).

something secret or unexplainable; an unknown.

someone or something with an obscure or puzzling nature.

(Christianity) A religious truth not understandable by the application of human reason alone (without divine aid).


astronomi

From Dutch astronomie, from Middle Dutch astronomie, from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía).


tipografi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch typografie, from French typographie, from Medieval Latin typographia, from Ancient Greek τυπογράφος (tupográphos, “certified copy”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).


tipe

From Dutch type, from Latin typus, from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”).

type, a grouping based on shared characteristics; a class.


inversi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inversie, from French inversion.

The action of inverting. Being in an inverted state; being upside down or in a reverse sequence.

(grammar) Deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis

(biochemistry) a chemical reaction converting sucrose into glucose and fructose.

(geology) the relative uplift of a previously basinal area resulting from local shortening, in structural geology.

(anatomy, kinesiology) movement of the sole towards the median plane.

An inverted state: a state in which something has been turned (properly) upside down or (loosely) inside out or backwards.

The reverse of any procedure or process.

(mathematics) A second element which negates a first; in a binary operation, the element for which the binary operation—when applied to both it and an initially given element—yields the operation's identity element.

(Standard Malay)

(logic) a type of conditional sentence which is an immediate inference made from another conditional sentence.


pediatri

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch pediatrie.

(medicine) paediatrics, pediatrics: The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents.


andrologi

(medicine) andrology: the branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.


geriatri

Borrowed from Dutch geriatrie, from French gériatrie, from Ancient Greek γῆρας (gêras, “old age”) (see γέρων (gérōn)) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “physician”); coined in English in 1909 by Ignatz L. Nascher in the New York Medical Journal on the model of pediatrics.

(medicine) geriatrics: The branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. The term itself can be distinguished from gerontology, which is the study of the aging process itself.


manipulator

Internationalism, borrowed from English manipulator.


regio

Either directly borrowed or through Dutch regio, from Latin regio. Doublet of region.

regio abdomen

(anatomy) region: a place in or a part of the body in any way indicated.


baret

From Betawi [Term?], from Javanese ꦧꦼꦫꦺꦠ꧀ (berét, “scratched”).


baret

From Dutch baret, from Middle French barrete, from dialectal Italian baretta.

a beret, type of cap, also used as part some military uniforms.


nego

(slang) apocopic form of negosiasi (“negotiation”)


cula

From Malay cula (“horn”), from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit cūlā, from Sanskrit चूडा (cūḍā).


statistika

Internationalism. Learned borrowing from New Latin statistica.

lbor

statistics: a discipline, principally within applied mathematics, concerned with the systematic study of the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.


pesta

From Malay pesta, from Portuguese festa, from Old Galician-Portuguese festa, from Late Latin fēsta.

party, a social gathering, a gathering of usually invited guests for entertainment, fun and socializing.


kusta

From Malay kusta,
from Classical Malay kusta, from Sanskrit कुष्ठ (kuṣṭha).


magnitudo

(seismology) A measure of the energy released by an earthquake (e.g. on the Richter scale).

(astronomy) A logarithmic scale of brightness defined so that a difference of 5 magnitudes is a factor of 100.

A ratio of intensity expressed as a logarithm.


kaktus

From Dutch kaktus (current spelling cactus), from Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”), of pre-Greek origin.

der

cactus (member of the Cactaceae, or any similar-looking plant)


kalori

From Dutch calorie, from French calorie, from Latin calor.

(nutrition, sports) kilogram calorie, large calorie: A unit of energy 1000 times larger than the gram calorie. It is equivalent to the gram kilocalorie, approximately 4.2 kilojoules.

(chemistry, thermodynamics) gram calorie, small calorie: a non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to approximately 4.2 joules. This unit was widely used in chemistry and physics, being the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C.


katarsis

From Dutch catharsis, from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis, “cleansing, purging”), from καθαίρω (kathaírō, “I cleanse”).

(drama, literature) A release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy).

(psychology) A therapeutic technique to relieve tension by re-establishing the association of an emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and then eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction).

(Christianity) A purification or cleansing, especially emotional.


katastrofi

From English catastrophe, from French catastrophe, from Latin catastropha, from Ancient Greek καταστροφή (katastrophḗ, “overturning”).

Alternative form of katastrofe (“catastrophe”).


radikal

From Dutch radicaal, from French radical, from Late Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”), from Latin rādīx (“root”).

(politics) favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter.


kolega

koléga (canonical)
kolega-kolega (plural)


delusi

a false belief that is resistant to confrontation with actual facts.

(psychiatry, psychology) delusion:
the state of being deluded.

that which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false belief; error in belief.


fluida

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch fluïda, the plural form of fluïdum, from Latin fluidus (“flowing; fluid”), fluō (“to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell; surge; overflow; run”).

(physics) fluid: Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.


intensi

From Dutch intentie (“intention”), from Middle French intention, from Old French entencion, borrowed from Latin intentiō, intentiōnem.

intention
(Catholicism) intention of mass


intensi

From English intension, from Latin intēnsiō (“straining, effort; intensifying”), from intēnsus (“stretched”), perfect passive participle of intendō (“strain or stretch toward”).

(linguistics) intension, any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies.


astrologi

From Dutch astrologie, from Middle Dutch astrologie, from Latin astrologia (“astronomy”), from Ancient Greek ἀστρολογία (astrología, “telling of the stars”).


akasia

From Dutch acacia, from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “shittah tree”), from ἀκή (akḗ, “point”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).


mitra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (mitra, “close friend”), from Old Javanese mitra (“friend”), from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra, “friend, ally”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”). Doublet of mahar and mohor.


mitra

Learned borrowing from Latin mitra (“mitre”), from Ancient Greek μίτρα (mítra, “headband, turban”), maybe from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to bind”) or a loan from an Indo-Iranian source.

der

mitre: a covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries, which has been made in many forms, mostly recently a tall cap with two points or peaks.


tona

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

(linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.


ekonomi

ékonomi (canonical)
ekonomi-ekonomi (plural)

From Dutch economie (“economics, economy”).

effective management of a community or system, or especially its resources.

the study of money, currency and trade, and the efficient use of resources.

(colloquial) management of one’s residency.

(transport) the part of a commercial passenger airplane or train reserved for those paying the lower standard fares; economy class.


eksodus

Borrowed from Dutch exodus (“exodus”), from Latin exodus, from Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos, “expedition, procession, departure”).

exodus: A sudden departure of a large number of people.


euforia

Internationalism, learned borrowing from New Latin euphoria, from Ancient Greek εὐφορίᾱ (euphoríā), from εὔφορος (eúphoros, “bearing well”), from εὐ- (eu-, “well”) + φέρω (phérō, “to bear”).

lbor

euphoria: an excited state of joy; a feeling of intense happiness.


tulen

From Malay tulen, from Javanese ꦠꦸꦭꦺꦤ꧀ (tulèn).

genuine: not counterfeit, false, or adulterated.


pahat

From Malay pahat, from Classical Malay ڤاهت (pahat), from Old Malay [script needed] (pāhat), from Proto-Malayic *pahət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqət (“chisel”).


panen

Possibly borrowed from Javanese panen, from a circumfixed form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanih, from Proto-Austronesian *qaniS. The change in form can be reanalyzed as an affixation of *ani + per- -an.

harvest (the yield of harvesting, i.e., the gathered crops or fruits)


panen

head

panen (active memanen, passive dipanen, perfective passive terpanen, kepanen)

memanen (active)
dipanen (passive)
terpanen (passive perfective)
kepanen (passive perfective)

(transitive) to harvest (to bring in a harvest; reap; glean)


lunta

From Sanskrit लुण्टा (luṇṭā, “bobbing, rolling”).

der

terlunta-lunta [reduplication + agentless action]


tulisi

head

tulisi (active menulisi, passive ditulisi, perfective passive tertulisi)

menulisi (active)
ditulisi (passive)
tertulisi (passive perfective)

Diakah yang menulisi papan ini?


katan

cut: an opening resulting from cutting; an incision or wound; specifically from sharp objects.


Habel

From Ancient Greek Ἅβελ (Hábel), from Biblical Hebrew הֶבֶל (heḇel, “breath, vapor; vanity”), possibly from Akkadian 𒌉𒍑 (ablu, “son”).


gawang

Inherited from Malay gawang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaŋ (“gate, opening”), *-waŋ (“wide open space”).


cabo

From Xiamen Hokkien 查某 (tsa-bó͘, “woman”).

(chiefly Jakarta, vulgar) prostitute; whore


lakon

Reconstructed as laku + -an, from Javanese ꦭꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (lakon). Doublet of lakuan.


kurun

Inherited from Malay kurun, from Arabic قَرْن (qarn).


kolon

Learned borrowing from Latin cŏlon (“large intestine”), from Ancient Greek κόλον (kólon, “the large intestine, also food, meat, fodder”).


kanit

(law enforcement) acronym of kepala unit.


pakat

From Malay pakat, from rebracketing of earlier mupakat, from Arabic مُوَافَقَة (muwāfaqa).


parit

Inherited from Malay parit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pariʔ.

An excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels.

A device intended to explode when stepped upon or touched, or when approached by a ship, vehicle, or person.


uman

From Javanese ꦲꦸꦩꦤ꧀ (uman, “tongue-lashing”), from Old Javanese *uman (“to abuse; to blame”).


antropologi

From Dutch antropologie, from New Latin anthropologia, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, mankind, human, humanity”) + -λογία (-logía).


satelit

satêlit (canonical)
satelit-satelit (plural)

From Dutch satelliet, perhaps from French satellite, from Latin satellitem (accusative singular of satelles (“attendant”)).

Near-synonym: bulan

(moon) satellite (a moon or other smaller body orbiting a larger one)

(spacecraft) satellite (a man-made apparatus designed to be placed in orbit around a celestial body)

satellite (a country, state, office, building etc. under the control of another body)

Near-synonym: asisten

(uncommon) satellite (an attendant on an important person)


albas

From Dutch albast (“alabaster”), from Latin alabaster (“box for perfume made of alabaster”), from Ancient Greek ἀλάβαστρος (alábastros), from earlier ἀλάβαστος (alábastos, “vase made of alabaster”). This may further derive from Egyptian ꜥj-r-bꜣstjt (“vessel of the Egyptian goddess Bast”).

der

alabaster: a fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum, used ornamentally.


mortalitas

Learned borrowing from Latin mortālitās.

mortality:
the state or quality of being mortal.

(demography) deaths resulting from an event (such as a war, epidemic or disaster).

(demography, epidemiology) the number of deaths per given unit of population over a given period of time.


gramatika

Borrowed from Dutch grammatica, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.

the study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).


makrokosmos

Affixed kosmos + makro-, borrowed from Dutch macrokosmos, from Medieval Latin macrocosmus, from Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long, great, grand”) + κόσμος (kósmos, “universe, order”).


imut

Borrowed from Sundanese imut (“to smile”).


anomali

From Dutch anomalie, from French anomalie, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “disaccord”).

der

(linguistics, politics) a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier.

(physics, biology) any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not.

(biology, medicine) a defect or malformation.


kanan

Inherited from Malay kanan, from Proto-Malayic *kanan (compare Malay kanan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wanan (compare Ilocano kannawan, Kapampangan uanan, Tagalog kanan), from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wanaN.

Kanan, kawan.

(politics) the ensemble of right-wing political parties; political conservatives as a group.


padat

From Malay padat, from Classical Malay padat.

(Standard Malay)

(physics, chemistry, of an object or substance) That can be picked up or held, having a texture, and usually firm. Unlike a liquid or a gas.


padan

Affixed pada (“adequate, enough, sufficient, satisfactory”) + -an, inherited from Malay ڤادن (padan).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">padan</i>


padan

right, suitable, well-suited, fit, fitting


padan

boundary lines that or places for throwing stones in throwing games


padan

Unknown, probably borrowed from Betawi [Term?]


ligamen

ligamèn (canonical)
ligamen-ligamen (plural)

From Dutch ligament, from Latin ligāmentum.


Aga

From Ottoman Turkish آغا (aghā, agha) (Turkish ağa), from Proto-Turkic *āka (“elder (brother)”).

An honorific for high officials used in Turkey, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and certain Muslim countries.


Aga

From Balinese ᬳᬕ, from Proto-Austronesian *ága (“early, punctual”). Compare to Tagalog ága (“earliness”).


macan

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual


tutut

Pila ampullacea, a species of freshwater snail.


turut

turut (root)
menurut (active)
terturut (active involuntary)
diturut (active involuntary passive)
turut (active)
turutlah (active)
menuruti (active locative)
terturuti (involuntary locative)
dituruti (involuntary locative passive)
turuti (locative)
turutilah (locative)
menurutkan (active applicative causative)
terturutkan (applicative causative)
diturutkan (applicative causative passive)
turutkan (applicative causative)
turutkanlah (applicative causative)
memperturut (active causative)
terperturut (active causative involuntary)
diperturut (active causative involuntary passive)
perturut (active causative)
perturutlah (active causative)
memperturuti (active causative locative)
terperturuti (causative involuntary locative)
diperturuti (causative involuntary locative passive)
perturuti (causative locative)
perturutilah (causative locative)
memperturutkan (active applicative causative)
terperturutkan (applicative causative)
diperturutkan (applicative causative passive)
perturutkan (applicative causative)
perturutkanlah (applicative causative)

Inherited from Malay turut, from Classical Malay توروت (turut), from Proto-Malayic *turut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuʀut. Doublet of patut and anut.

to join in; to take part in (doing something with others)


eksem

Borrowed from Dutch eczeem (“eczema”), from New Latin eczema, from Ancient Greek ἔκζεμα (ékzema, “rash”).

(dermatology, pathology) eczema: a non-contagious acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, itching, and the outbreak of oozing vesicular lesions which become encrusted and scaly.


Gabriella

Gabriella Ekaputri, b. 2001

a female given name from Italian, equivalent to English Gabrielle


grafika

The making of architectural or design drawings.


patologi

From Dutch pathologie, from French pathologie, from Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “disease”) and -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

(medicine) the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences.

(medicine) the medical specialty that provides microscopy and other laboratory services (e.g., cytology, histology) to clinicians.

pathosis: any deviation from a healthy or normal structure or function; abnormality; illness or malformation.


lokus

Learned borrowing from Latin locus (“a place”). Doublet of lokasi.

lbor

(biology) a fixed position on a chromosome that may be occupied by one or more genes.

(mathematics) the set of all points whose coordinates satisfy a given equation or condition.


dingdong

(video games) an establishment that runs coin-operated games.


emisi

From Dutch emissie, from Middle French émission, from Latin ēmissiō (“sending forth”), from ēmittō (“send out”), from ex (“from, out of”) + mittō (“send”).

emission, release,
(physics) of electromagnetic radiation.

emission, release,
of electromagnetic radiation.

emission, release,
(economics) of securities.

emission, release,
(finance) of banknote.


permisi

From Dutch permissie, Middle Dutch permissie, from Middle French permission, from Latin permissio.

authorisation; consent (especially formal consent from someone in authority).

leave: permission to be absent; time away from one's work.


permisi

Said as a polite request for an individual's attention; to pass, to apologize for one's inconvenience, equivalent to pardon, or excuse me


naamloze vennootschap

id-noun

naamloze vennootschap (plural naamloze-naamloze vennootschap)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch naamloze vennootschap (“public limited company, corporation”, literally “anonymous company”).

ubor

public limited company
public limited company

(business, law) public limited company, corporation


sirkus

From Dutch circus, from Latin circus. Cognate of Afrikaans sirkus.

circus (company of performers; place where this company performs)


ares

From Malay arres, from Dutch arrest (“arrest”), from Middle Dutch arrest, from Old French arest or arester (“to stay, stop”), from Vulgar Latin *arrestare, from Latin ad- (“to”) + restare (“to stop, remain behind, stay back”), from re- (“back”) + stare (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).

der

(colloquial) arrest, the process of arresting.


zen

From Japanese 禅 (ぜん, zen), from Middle Chinese 禪 (MC dzyen) (compare Mandarin 禅 (chán), an abbreviation of 禪那 (MC dzyen na), from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “a type of meditation”). Akin to dhyana.


vigili

From Latin vigil, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of baja.

(Catholicism) vigil, the eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.


AN

(education) Initialism of asesmen nasional (“national assessment”).


rekan

From Malay rakan, rekan, from Classical Malay rakan, rekan, probably from Tamil ராகம் (rākam) and Sanskrit राग (rāga).


rekan

Probably a hypercorrection of reken (“to count”), a borrowing from Dutch reken, rekenen.


rekat

rêkat (canonical)
merekat (active)
direkat (passive)

(intransitive) to stick (to become or remain attached)

(transitive) to stick (to attach with glue or as if by gluing)


elusi

→ Malay: elusi

(analytical chemistry) elution: the process of removing materials that are absorbed with a solvent.


Nadine

Nadine Chandrawinata, b. 1984


Nadia

Borrowed from French Nadia, either from Arabic نَادِيَا (nādiyā) or Russian На́дя (Nádja).

Nadia Omara, b. 1992


kera

From Malay kera, from Classical Malay کرا (kĕra).

Maka héwan hoetanpoen djarang meréka berdjoempa dalam perdjalanannja, hanjalah matjam-matjam kera jang banjak dilihatnja berlontjat-lontjatan didahan kajoe dan memboeat roepa-roepa tingkah lakoe jang amat mentertawakan Passepartout.

1922, Mengelilingi Doenia Dalam 80 Hari:

So they rarely met forest animals on they journey, only a variety of monkeys that they saw jumping on the branches of trees and making various kinds of behavior that made Passepartout laugh.

A primate of the clade Hominoidea, generally larger than monkeys and distinguished from them by having no tail; ape.


akun

* From Dutch account (“account”), from English account, from Middle English, from Anglo-Norman acunte (“account”), from Old French aconte, from aconter (“to reckon”), from Latin computō (“to sum up”).
* The management meaning is a semantic loan from English account (“account”).

semantic loan

(computing) a subscription or an authorization to an electronic service.

(accounting, management) a registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review.


alun

Inherited from Malay alun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun.


pola

From Malay pola, from Old Javanese pola (“design”), polah (“conduct, behaviour, doings, undertaking”) (cf. pa- + ulah, hence equivalent to peng- + olah/ulah), olah/ulah (“action, activity”). Doublet of polah. Compare to Indonesian olah (“method, process”), ulah (“behavior, manners, ways”).


pola

a tool for binding bark, made of old black wood.


koen

From Suroboyoan Javanese koen (“you”). Doublet of kowe.

(slang, Surabaya) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


urut

Inherited from Malay urut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quʀut.


suri

Inherited from Malay suri (“comb”), probably from Old Javanese suri, suruy (“comb”).


suri

Inherited from Malay suri (“queen”), probably from Sanskrit ईश्वरी (īśvarī).


suri

(archaic) Alternative spelling of sore (“the second half of the afternoon; the time of the day from around 3pm until sunset”)


koin

(numismatics) a piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.

(cryptocurrencies) A cryptocurrency; a cryptocoin.


puki

From Malay puki, from Proto-Malayic *puki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puki, from Proto-Austronesian *puki.


tom yam

From Thai ต้มยำ (dtôm-yam, literally “boil mixture”).

bor

(cooking) tom yam: a Thai soup flavoured with fish sauce, lemongrass, lime juice, and chillies.


dupa

From Malay dupa, from Classical Malay دوڤا (dupa), from Sanskrit धूप (dhūpa).


Sabrina

Popularity likely inspired from Arabic صَابْرِينَا (ṣābrīnā) based on Arabic root ص ب ر (ṣ b r), folk etymologized form of earlier سَابْرِينَا (sābrīnā) (now mostly limited to non-Arabs with the name), from English Sabrina.

Arabic صَابْرِينَا (ṣābrīnā)

a female given name from Arabic [in turn from English], equivalent to English Sabrina.


sepuluh

From Malay sepuluh, from Classical Malay sepuluh, from Old Malay sapuluh, from Proto-Malayic *sə-puluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa-puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *sa-puluq. Equivalent to se- + puluh.


lipan

Inherited from Malay lipan, from Proto-Malayic *hAlilipan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalu-hipan, from Proto-Austronesian *qalu-Sipan.


salin

From Malay salin, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin.
* The sense of harvesting ceremony preparation is a semantic loan from Sundanese [Term?].


salin

spent fish (exhausted as a result of having deposit (eggs)).

(dialect) prepare ceremonial equipment for harvesting rice equipped with offerings.


kulot

From French culotte, feminine derivative of culot.

culottes: a type of loose shorts which look like a skirt; a divided skirt.


asetat

asétat (canonical)
asetat-asetat (plural)


refleksi

Borrowed from Dutch reflectie (“reflection”), from Middle French reflexion, reflection, from Late Latin reflexio, from the participle stem of reflectere.

bor+

the act of reflecting or the state of being reflected.

the property of a propagated wave being thrown back from a surface (such as a mirror).

something, such as an image, that is reflected.

(philosophy) careful thought or consideration.

reflection:
careful thought or consideration.

reflection:
(philosophy) an implied criticism.

(computing) the process or mechanism of determining the capabilities of an object at run-time.

(biology, rare) reflex: an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.


manti

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Pali mantī (“minister”), from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, mantri, and menteri.

doublet

alternative spelling of menteri (“minister”)


manti

From Turkish mantı or Ottoman Turkish مانطی with possible cognate of Chinese 饅頭／馒头 (mántou).

(cooking) manti: A type of dumpling served in Turkish, Armenian and Central Asian cuisine.


makaroni

Borrowed from Dutch macaroni, from Italian maccaroni, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni”), plural of maccherone.

(cooking) macaroni: A type of pasta in the form of short tubes; sometimes loosely, pasta in general.


dosis

Learned borrowing from Late Latin dosis (“dose”) (influenced by Dutch dosis (“dose”)), from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), used by Galen and other Greek physicians to mean an amount of medicine, from Proto-Hellenic *dótis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis. Doublet of dus.

der

(Standard Malay)

(medicine, pharmacology) a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time.

(Standard Malay)

(nuclear physics, radiology) the quantity of an agent (not always active) substance or radiation administered at any one time.

(Standard Malay)

dosing: the administration of a medication etc, in a measured amount.


setia

From Malay setia, from Sanskrit सत्य (satya, “true, truth”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsatyám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsatyás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sn̥t-yó-s, from *h₁sónts, from *h₁es- (“to be”). Doublet of satya.

janji setia

pledge of allegiance, promise of loyalty


linguis

linguist (one who studies linguistics or skilled in languages)


alam

Inherited from Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم (alam), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself.

nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design.

realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.


alam

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).

an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura


alis

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦭꦶꦱ꧀ (alis),
from Old Javanese hālis.


horas

Borrowed from Toba Batak horas (“healthy”), from Proto-Batak *kəras, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas (“hard”). Doublet of keras.


replika

From Dutch replica, from Italian replica, derived from Latin replicare (“to copy”).


refleks

From Dutch reflex, from French réflexe, from Latin reflexus.

reflex, an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.


sirop

From Dutch siroop, from Middle Dutch siroop, from Old French sirop, from Medieval Latin siruppus, syrupus, from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, coffee, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”).

der

any thick liquid that has a high sugar content and which is added to or poured over food as a flavouring.


semut

From Malay semut, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Aslian, from Proto-Austroasiatic *smuːcʔ (“ant”).


ontologi

From Dutch ontologie, from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos).

(uncountable, philosophy) the branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being

(uncountable, philosophy) in a subject view, or a world view, the set of conceptual or material things or classes of things that are recognised as existing, or are assumed to exist in context, and their interrelations; in a body of theory, the ontology comprises the domain of discourse, the things that are defined as existing, together with whatever emerges from their mutual implications

(countable, philosophy) the theory of a particular philosopher or school of thought concerning the fundamental types of entity in the universe

(logic) a logical system involving theory of classes, developed by Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939)

(countable, computer science, information science) a structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model


tongkrongan

hangout (a place for hanging out; an informal meeting-place)


onderbouw

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderbouw (“foundation (of construction or education)”).

ubor

(literally, architecture, civil engineering) foundation of building


divisi

→ Malay: divisi

From Dutch divisie, from Old French division, from Latin divisio, divisionem. Cognate to Afrikaans divisie.

(military) a large military unit, usually with over 15,000 soldiers and divided into brigades.

division,
(business) a section of a company.

(sports) a part of a sports competition.

division,
a part of a sports competition.

(biology) a rank below kingdom and above class, particularly used of plants or fungi, also (particularly of animals) called a phylum; a taxon at that rank.


medis

medical: of or pertaining to the practice of medicine.


invasi

From Dutch invasie, from Middle French invasion, from Latin invāsiō.

(military) invasion, a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.


entrenador

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish entrenador (“manager (UK), coach (US)”, literally “trainer”).


fusi

From Dutch fusie, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fusionem (the accusative of fusio), from fusus, past participle of fundere (“pour, melt”).

(physics) a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy.

(genetics) the result of the hybridation of two genes which originally coded for separate proteins.

(cytology) the process by which two distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic core, resulting in one interconnected structure.

(business) the legal union of two or more corporations into a single entity, typically assets and liabilities being assumed by the buying party.

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one.


transfusi

Affixed trans- + fusi, borrowed from Dutch transfusie, from Latin transfusiō.


etiket

From Dutch etiquette, ultimately from French étiquette.

The forms required by a good upbringing, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society.

The customary behavior of members of a profession, business, law, or sports team towards each other.


kurban

From Malay korban, from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān), from Aramaic קורבנא (qurbānā). Cognate to Hebrew קָרְבָּן (qorbān). Doublet of korban.

(Islam) the ritual sacrifice at Eid ul-Adha

victim, a living being slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite.


impresi

From Dutch impressie, from French impression, from Latin impressio.
* Semantic loan from English impression for philosophical sense.

(anatomy) the indentation or depression made by the pressure of one object on or into another.

the overall effect of something, e.g., on a person.

(philosophy) the vivid perception of something as it is experienced, in contrast to ideas or thoughts drawn from memory or the imagination.


sepatu

Inherited from Malay sepatu, from Portuguese sapato.