salep

From Dutch zalf, from Middle Dutch salve, from Old Dutch salva, from Proto-Germanic *salbō.


besok

tomorrow: the day after the present day.


besok

tomorrow:
on the day after the present day.

tomorrow:
at some point in the future; later on


variabel

From Dutch variabel, from French variable, from Latin variare (“to change”), from varius (“different, various”).


variabel

(mathematics): a quantity that may assume any one of a set of values; a symbol representing a variable.


dagu

From Malay dagu, from Classical Malay داݢو (dagu), from Proto-Malayic *daguʔ.


kapitalisme

From kapital + -isme, from Dutch kapitalisme.


kapas

cotton, Gossypium, a genus of plant used as a source of cotton fiber.

cotton fiber, used as a source of cotton fabric

content of cotton fruit, contain cotton fiber


katun

From Dutch katoen (“cotton”), from Middle Dutch catoen, from older cotoen, from Old French coton, from Old Italian cotone, from Arabic قُطُن (quṭun).

(textiles) cotton, the textile made from the fiber harvested from a cotton plant.


balans

From Dutch balans, from Middle Dutch balanse, from Old French balance, from Latin bilanx.

a state in which opposing forces harmonise; equilibrium.

(accounting) balance sheet: a list accounting for the debits on one side, and for the credits on the other.


FST

(education) Initialism of fakultas sains dan teknologi.


burung pelatuk

id-noun

burung pelatuk (plural burung-burung pelatuk)


dekret

dêkrét (canonical)
dekret-dekret (plural)

From Dutch decreet, from Middle Dutch decreet, from Old French decré, decreet, from Latin dēcrētum. Compare to Malay dekri.


ekor

From Malay ekor, from ikur, from Proto-Malayic *ikur, *ikuŋ (compare Brunei Malay ekong, Malay ekor, Minangkabau ikua), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuʀ, *ikuŋ (compare Acehnese iku, Balinese ikut, Buginese ikkoʔ), from Proto-Austronesian *ikuʀ.


buntut

From Malay buntut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buntut (“rear end of a chicken”). Cognate with Javanese buntut (“tail”) and Tagalog buntot (“tail; butt”).

inh

Hak lahir dan hak batin itu memang tak terlihat pada buntutnya kemerdekaan, yakni bentuk suatu Negara Merdeka.

Birth rights and spiritual rights are indeed not visible as a result of independence, that is in the form of an independent state.


konsulat

From Dutch consulaat, from Middle French consulat, from Latin cōnsulātus.

The office of a consul; The term of office of a consul.

The business office of a consul; a minor embassy.


debu

From Malay debu, from Proto-Malayic *dəbu.

(geology) silt: a particle from 3.9 to 62.5 microns in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.


tenaga

tênaga (canonical)
tenaga-tenaga (plural)

From Malay tenaga, from Sanskrit तानयति (tānayati, “to extend, to expand”). Semantic loan from Dutch energie (“energy”) for physics sense.

sl

(physics) a quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent.


palu

From Malay palu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palu (“to hammer, to hit with a hard implement”), from Proto-Austronesian *palu (“to hammer, pound, hit”). Cognate with Tagalog palo and Javanese palu.

inh

Dalam film kartun Tom & Jerry, palu dan dinamit dipakai buat menekankan efek lucu

In the Tom & Jerry cartoon, hammers and dynamites are used to emphasize funny effects


ginjal

Inherited from Malay ginjal. Cognate of Sundanese ᮌᮤᮔ᮪ᮏᮜ᮪ (ginjal).


laju

From Malay laju.
* The sense of commute is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦭꦗꦸ (laju, “to commute”, literally “forward, continuous”).


laju

head

laju (base-imperative laju, active melaju, ordinary passive dilaju)


parkur

From English parkour, from French parkour, altered spelling of parcours, from Vulgar Latin percursus.

(sports) parkour: an athletic discipline, in which practitioners traverse any environment in the most efficient way possible using their physical abilities, and which commonly involves running, jumping, vaulting, rolling, and other similar physical movements.


sepeda

sêpèda (canonical)
sepeda-sepeda (plural)

→ Banjarese: sapida

desc

→ Javanese: ꦱꦼꦥꦺꦝ (sepédha), ꦱꦼꦥꦺꦝꦃ (sepédhah)

→ Malay: sepeda

→ Tausug: supidda/sipidda

Borrowed from dialectal Dutch (standard Dutch vélocipède), from French vélocipède, from Latin velox (“swift”) + pes (“foot”).


karbon

* From Dutch carbon (“carbon paper”), from carbonpapier.
* For other senses from carbon paper, semantic loan from Malay karbon and English carbon.

the chemical element (symbol C) with an atomic number of 6. It can be found in pure form for example as graphite, a black, shiny and very soft material, or diamond, a colourless, transparent, crystalline solid and the hardest known material; An atom of this element, in reference to a molecule containing it.

a carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp.

a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of a voltaic battery.

ellipsis of kertas karbon (“carbon paper”).


cium

Inherited from Malay cium. Compare Hokkien 唚 /吣 (chim, “to kiss”) and Bahnar chŭm (“to kiss”).


zaken

Borrowed from Dutch zaken (“business; affairs”).

bor+

(government, politics) professional, technocratic (generally to cabinet).


dondurma

Borrowed from Turkish dondurma (“ice cream”), from Ottoman Turkish طوڭدرمه (doŋdurma).

(cooking) dondurma: a mastic ice cream, which is believed to originate from the city and region of Kahramanmaraş and is known as maraş dondurma in Turkish.


debat

Inherited from Malay debat, from Dutch debat, from Middle Dutch debat, tebat, from Old French debatre (“to fight, contend, debate, also literally to beat down”), from Romanic desbattere, from Latin dis- (“apart, in different directions”) + battuere (“to beat, to fence”).


kromosom

Borrowed from Dutch chromosoom (“chromosome”), from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

bor+

(cytology, genetics) chromosome: a linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.


plagiat

karya yang diplagiat


Tahun Baru

A period covering the first few days of a calendar year.

In particular, January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar and the days following.


detergen

From Dutch detergent, from French détergent.


koloni

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kolonie, from Latin colōnia (“colony”), colōnus (“farmer; colonist”), colō (“till, cultivate, worship”).

(government, politics) a governmental unit created on land of another country owned by colonists from a country; region or governmental unit created by another country and generally ruled by another country.

(government, politics) a group of people with the same interests or ethnic origin concentrated in a particular geographic area.

(zoology) a group of organisms of same or different species living together in close association.


klausa

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin clausa, diminutive of clausula (“close, end; a clause, close of a period”)), from Latin clausus, past participle of claudere (“to shut, close”). Doublet of klausul.

lbor

(grammar) clause: a verb, its necessary grammatical arguments, and any adjuncts affecting them.


lini

Learned borrowing from Latin lini, linum, from Proto-Italic *līnom, likely from Proto-Indo-European *līnom.


publik

From Dutch publiek, from Middle French public, publique, from Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”).

der

Able to be seen or known by everyone; open to general view, happening without concealment.

Pertaining to the people as a whole (as opposed to a private group).

public;
Open to all members of a community


publik

The people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group; public.


pek

From Dutch pek, from Middle Dutch pec, from Old Dutch pek, from Latin pīx.


spons

sponge (piece of porous material used for washing)


aboi

Inherited from Malay aboi, from Chinese 阿伯 (ābó, “old man”, literally “paternal uncle”).

zh-l

Chinese leader
the leader of Chinese settlement


ambigu

From Dutch ambigu, from French ambigu, from Latin ambiguus.


waterpas

level (tool for finding whether a surface is leveled perfectly horizontally)


stase

From Dutch stage (“probation, induction; apprenticeship; internship”), from French stage, from Medieval Latin stagium, itself from Old French estage: ester + -age (whence modern French étage).

bor

Seorang dokter residen yang sedang menjalankan praktik stase di sebuah rumah sakit diduga jadi korban penganiayaan.

A resident doctor who is on apprenticeship practice in a hospital is suspected as a victim of persecution.

(medicine, colloquial) (part of) residency.

(medicine, colloquial) (part of) clinical clerkship, clinical rotation: period of medical education in which students – medical, nursing, dental, or otherwise – practice medicine under the supervision of a health practitioner.


stase

From Brabantian Dutch stasie, stase (“station”) (standard Dutch station), from French stage, from Old French estation, estacion, from Latin stātiō, stātiōnem. Doublet of stasiun and stasi.

Pastor Yus juga mengungkapkan bahwa sebagian masyarakat dari desa Yokatapa juga telah diminta oleh aparat untuk berkumpul dan tinggal di halaman Gereja Katolik Stase Waboagapa.

(Catholicism, dialect) alternative spelling of stasi (“administration division in a parish”, literally “station”).


laboratorium

From Dutch laboratorium, from Latin labōrātōrium.

laboratory: room, building or institution equipped for scientific research or similarly specialised operations, such as production


tawar

From Malay tawar, from Classical Malay tawar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawaD (“to bargain, haggle over the price”).

inh

Informal form of menawar (“to bargain”).


tawar

From Malay tawar, from Classical Malay tawar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawaR (“tasteless; neutralize something efficacious, as an antidote for poison”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabaR (“tasteless, insipid; powerless; antidote, as against snakebite”).

Hendak ke mana angin
buritan ini membawa daku
sedang laut tawar tiada mau tahu
dan bintang

a. 2004, Asrul Sani, Orang Dalam Perahu:

Where the wind goes?
This stern is bringing me
while the sea is fresh, no one wanted to know
and stars

related to taste
tasteless (having no flavour)

related to improvement
(of sickness) better

related to ungoodness
not happy; unhappy

related to ungoodness
not effective; ineffective


dramatis

Borrowed from Dutch dramatisch, from German dramatisch or French dramatique, from Latin dramaticus, from Ancient Greek δραματικός (dramatikós).

dramatic:
(drama) of or relating to the drama.

(informal) tending to exaggerate in order to get attention.


eter

Borrowed from Dutch ether, from Middle Dutch ether, from Latin aethēr, from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr).

(organic chemistry) organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups.

(historical) fifth element of Aristotelian natural philosophy, supposed to be the building block of the heavens.

(historical, physics) luminiferous aether, medium in which electromagnetic waves were supposed to occur.


anabolisme

From Dutch anabolisme, from French anabolisme, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”) + -isme.


dioses

From Dutch diocees, from French diocèse, from Latin dioecēsis (“district under a governor”), from Ancient Greek διοίκησις (dioíkēsis).

der

(Roman Catholicism) diocese: region administered by a bishop.


fosfolipid

fosfor- + lipid
# (organic chemistry) phospholipid


campanilla

Unadapted borrowing from Italian [Term?].


mewah

From Malay mewah. Compare to Temiar eniwoh (“festivity, commemoration, celebration”), Javanese ꦲꦺꦮꦸꦃ (éwuh, “busy”), Old Javanese ewuh, ewĕh, iwĕh, iwö (“difficult; to have as an object of care, have at heart, mind”).


aristokrat

From Dutch aristocraat, from French aristocrate.

a proponent of aristocracy; an advocate of aristocratic government.

aristocracy: the nobility, or the hereditary ruling class.


fosil

Borrowed from Dutch fossiel (“fossil”), from French fossile, from Latin fossilis (“something which has been dug up”), from fodio (“I dig up”).


lumba-lumba

From Malay lumba-lumba, reduplication of lumba (“race; running competition”) (Indonesian lomba), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumbəq.


tata letak

head

tata letak (plural tata-tata letak, first-person possessive tata letakku, second-person possessive tata letakmu, third-person possessive tata letaknya)

tata-tata letak (plural)
tata letak ku (first-person possessive)
tata letak mu (possessive second-person)
tata letak nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of tata (“arrangement”) + letak (“location”).

compound

(publishing) The process of arranging editorial content, advertising, graphics and other information to fit within certain constraints.

(engineering) A map or a drawing of a construction site showing the position of roads, buildings or other constructions.

(electronics) A specification of an integrated circuit showing the position of the physical components that will implement the schematic in silicon.

(typography) The setting or composition of written material into type; typesetting


jari kelingking

id-noun

jari kelingking (plural jari-jari kelingking)

(anatomy) little finger, pinky (outermost and smallest finger of the hand)


ajun

From Dutch adjunct, from Middle Dutch adjoinct, from Latin adiunctus, perfect passive participle of adiungō (“join to”), from ad + iungō (“join”). Compare to Malay adjung.

adjunct, a person associated with another, usually in a subordinate position; a colleague.


tampan

head

tampan (comparative lebih tampan, superlative paling tampan or tertampan, equative setampan)

lebih tampan (comparative)
paling tampan (superlative)
tertampan (superlative)
setampan (equative)

(of a man or boy) handsome (attractively manly, having a pleasing face and overall effect)

(uncommon) suitable (having sufficient or the required properties for a certain purpose or task; appropriate to a certain occasion)


tampan

tampan (active menampan, passive ditampan)

(only conjugated with "meng-", intransitive, uncommon) to adjust (to change to fit circumstances)

(obsolete) to manage (to handle or control)


tampan

facial expression (the expression or countenance that seems to an onlooker to be represented by the appearance of a person or animal's face, resulting from specific use of that person's facial muscles)


laporan

(finance) statement: a document that summarizes financial activity.


ofset

(printing) the offset printing process, in which ink is carried from a metal plate to a rubber blanket and from there to the printing surface.

something that serves to counterbalance or to compensate for something else.

(trade) including transfer technology scheme.

(military) common-directive non-state law military commercial activities.


zahir

From Malay zahir, from Arabic ظاهِر (ẓāhir). Doublet of lahir. Attested before 1948.


batin

Heart; the soul, as it relates to compassion (being the seat of affections and sensibilities)

(by extension) The spiritual; that which is not material


-em-

gunung → gemunung

Used to form a numeral (set, many, or various).

gerlap → gemerlap

Used to form an adjective (repeatedly or continuously).


harus

have to, must, should (indicates obligation)


passe-partout

Unadapted borrowing from French passe-partout.

ubor

mat, matting: a light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, etc., usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving for several pictures.

(art, photography) matte (decorative border around a picture)


se-

From Malay se-, from Classical Malay se-, from se, shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

selembar

seperempat

se- + tinggi (“height”) → setinggi (“as tall as”)

adjectival equative: same, sharing [base], having the same [base]

se- + dunia (“world”) → sedunia (“whole world”)


aduk

head

aduk (base, active mengaduk, passive diaduk)

Inherited from Malay ادوق (aduk), from Minangkabau [Term?], Sundanese [Term?], Javanese ꦲꦢꦸ (adu, “mixture”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">aduk</i>


seminari

sèminari (canonical)
seminari-seminari (plural)

From Dutch seminarie (“seminary”), from Latin sēminārium. Doublet of seminar.

(Catholicism, education) seminary, a theological school for Catholic priests.


unipolar

(medicine, politics, psychology) unipolar


mawar

Inherited from Malay mawar, rrom Arabic مَاء وَرْد (māʔ ward, “rosewater”).


karper

From Dutch karper, from Vulgar Latin carpa, of unknown origin.

Cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio#Translingual

(zoology) A carp, the often fished species Cyprinus carpio


petang

Inherited from Malay petang (“afternoon”), from Proto-Malayic *pətəŋ (literally “dark, obscure”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pətəŋ.

inh

evening: the time of the day between dusk and night, when it gets dark.


hapus

From Malay hapus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qa(m)pus (“come to an end, be destroyed”). Doublet of mampus.

infinitive, imperative , and colloquial of menghapus


iskemia

Learned borrowing from New Latin ischaemia, from Ancient Greek ἴσχαιμος (ískhaimos, “stoppage of blood flow”), from ῐ̓́σχω (ĭ́skhō), ἰσχάνω (iskhánō, “to hold back, restrain; to stay, stop”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold; to overcome”)) + αἷμᾰ (haîmă, “blood”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *say- (“thick or viscous liquid”)).
* Displaced earlier iskemi, a loanword from Dutch ischemie.

der

(pathology) ischemia: local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply (for example, embolism, thrombosis, or vasoconstriction).


displaced persons

Unadapted borrowing from English displaced persons.

ubor

displaced person
displaced person#English


-el-

tapak → telapak

kupas → kelupas


ku-

From Malay ku-, from ku, shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


barbar

From Dutch barbaar, from Middle Dutch barbaer, from barbarien, from Old French barbare, from Latin barbarus, from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros). Cognate of Arabic بَرْبَر (barbar).

barbaric, uncivilized, uncultured or uncouth.


reses

Borrowed from Dutch reces (“recess”), from Latin recessus (“retreat, departure; a secret spot, nook, corner”), from recēdō (“to go back, retire, withdraw”) + -tus (“action noun suffix”).

af

(government) recess: a period of time when the proceedings of a parliament, committee, court of law, or other official body are temporarily suspended.


puing

From Dutch puin, from Middle Dutch poyn.


aplaus

From Dutch applaus (“applause”), from German Applaus, from Latin applausus.

applause, especially by the clapping of hands.


awar

From Malay awar, from Persian آوار (avar, “load, weight, pressure; collapse; ruin”).


tuts

From Dutch toets, itself from French touche.


admisi

From Dutch admissie, from French admission, from Latin admissio, admissionem.

permission to enter, or the entrance itself; admittance; entrance; access.

(healthcare) the act or process of accepting someone into a hospital, clinic, or other treatment facility as an inpatient


aral

From Malay aral, from Persian عَرَض ('araz), from Arabic عَرَض (ʕaraḍ, “accident”).


Madura

Madura (an island of Indonesia off the coast of Java)

Madurese (an Austronesian language spoken predominantly on the island of Madura)


botok

→ Afrikaans: bobotie

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦛꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (bothok)

bor+

(cooking) a traditional Javanese dish made from shredded coconut flesh which has been squeezed of its coconut milk


lembah

Dari suatu lembah gelap dan suram
Menguapkan kabut mati dari suatu kerahasiaan

From a dark and gloomy valley
Evaporates dead fog from a secret

valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)


sadisme

sadismê (canonical)
sadisme-sadisme (plural)

From Dutch sadisme, from French sadisme, after Marquis de Sade.


relatif

From Dutch relatief (“relative”), from French relatif (“relative”), from Late Latin relātīvus, from Latin relātus, perfect passive participle of referō (“to carry back, to ascribe”), from re- (“again”) + ferō (“to bear or carry”).


skor

From English score, from Middle English score, skore, schore, from Old English scoru (“notch; tally; score”), from Old Norse skor, from Proto-Germanic *skurō (“incision; tear; rift”), which is related to *skeraną (“to cut”).

der

the total number of goals, points, runs, etc. earned by a participant in a game.

(education) the performance of an individual or group on an examination or test, expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a grade


mitos

From Latin mythos, from Ancient Greek μῦθος (mûthos).


fukara

Borrowed from Arabic فُقَرَاء (fuqarāʔ), plural form of فَقِير (faqīr, “poor man, pauper”). Doublet of fakir.

Fukara tak punya apa apa


kantin

From Malay kantin, from Portuguese cantina, Italian cantina (“cellar”).


alternatif

From Dutch alternatief, from Middle French alternatif, from Medieval Latin alternativus, from the participle stem of Latin alternāre (“to do by turns”).

alternative: one of several mutually exclusive things which can be chosen.


kelim

(sewing) seam (folded back and stitched piece of fabric)


risiko

From Dutch risico (“risk”), from Italian risico, variant of risk (whence Modern Italian rischio and rischiare (“to run into danger”). Cognate with Afrikaans risiko, Danish risiko.


stereotipe

stéréotipê (canonical)
stereotipe-stereotipe (plural)

sté‧ré‧o‧ti‧pê

From Dutch stereotype, from French stéréotype.

stereotype: A conventional, formulaic, and often oversimplified or exaggerated conception, opinion, or image of (a person).


stereotipe

sté‧ré‧o‧ti‧pê


antan

From Malay antan, from Old Javanese hantĕn. Doublet of alu.


hadas

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic حَدَث (ḥadaṯ, “ordure, excrement”).

(Islam) impureness (in regard to Muslim rites)


aset

From English asset, assets, from Anglo-Norman asetz, from Old French assez (“enough”), from Late Latin ad satis, from Latin ad + satis.

asset:
something or someone of any value

any portion of one's property or effects so considered.


sero

Back-formation from pesero (“shareholder”) as per- + sero, from earlier persero, from Portuguese parceiro (“business partner”), from Old Galician-Portuguese parceiro, from Late Latin partiārius, from Latin partiō, from pars.

der

(finance, trading) stock, the capital raised by a company through the issue of shares.


pataka

From Javanese ꦥꦠꦏ (pataka), from Old Javanese patāka (“flag, pennon, banner, sign, emblem”), from Sanskrit पताका (patākā, “banner, flag”).


pataka

From Sundanese [Term?]. Compare to Old Javanese pataka (“a part of the roof”) and Sanskrit पाटक (pāṭaka, “shore, long span”).


banket

From Dutch banket, from Middle Dutch banket, from Middle French banquet, from Italian banchetto (“light repast between meals, snack eaten on a small bench”, literally “a small bench”), from banco (“bench”), from Lombardic *bank, *panch (“bench”), from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench”).

der

(cooking) a pastry made of almond paste and puff pastry.


sinapsis

(anatomy) synapse: the junction between the terminal of a neuron and either another neuron or a muscle or gland cell, over which nerve impulses pass.


lamin

Borrowed from Tenggarong Kutai Malay lamin, from non-Malayic substrate (cognate with Lotud lamin and Coastal Kadazan hamin).

bor+

the traditional longhouse of East Kalimantan


dokumenter

From Dutch documentair, from French documentaire. Semantic loan from English documentary for noun. Compare to Malay dokumentari.

documentary:
of, related to, or based on documents.

which serves to document (record and:or illustrate) a subject.

presented objectively without the insertion of fictional matter.


dokumenter

documentary: a film, TV program, publication etc. which presents a social, political, scientific or historical subject in a factual or informative manner.


onkolog

Borrowed from Dutch oncoloog (“oncologist”).

oncologist: a doctor or scientist who specializes in oncology.


timba

From Malay timba, from Classical Malay تيمبا (timba), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timba.


klan

From Dutch clan, from English clan, from Irish clann (“offspring, children of the family”) and Scottish Gaelic clann, from Old Irish cland, from Old Welsh plant, from Latin planta (“shoot, offspring”).


kuret

From Dutch curette, from French curette, curer (“to clean out, scrape out”).

curette: a spoon-shaped surgical instrument for cleaning a diseased surface.


bioinformatika

Internationalism, affixed bio- + informatika.

(biology, computer science) bioinformatics: a field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline to analyse biological information using computers and statistical techniques.


barel

From Dutch barrel, from English barrel, from Middle English barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, from Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin, probably from Frankish *baril, *beril, from Proto-Germanic *barilaz, *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, transport”).


gemas

From Malay gemas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gemes. Cognate with Javanese gemes, Mongondow gomot.

Saya sangat gemas pada anak itu karena selalu mengotori lantai.

I'm very annoyed with that kid for always making a mess on the floor.

Gemas aku melihat kucing ini

I get carried away when I look at this cat (I could eat it up).

carried away from intense emotion (usually in response to cuteness), moved emotionally to do something physical


institut

From Dutch instituut (“institute”), from Middle Dutch institute, from Old French [Term?], from Latin īnstitūtum.

an organization founded to promote a cause.

(education) an institution of learning; a college, especially for technical subjects.


fragmen

From Dutch fragment, from Latin fragmentum.


basmati

From English basmati, from Hindi बासमती (bāsmatī, literally “fragrant”).

(cooking) basmati: a variety of long-grain rice, notable for its fragrance.


peranakan

descendant:
foreign (immigrant) descendant.


sekunder

sekunder (canonical)
sêkundèr (canonical)

From Dutch secundair, from French secondaire, from Latin secundarius.

secondary, next in order to the first or primary; of second place in origin, rank, etc.


wagyu

Borrowed from Japanese 和(わ)牛(ぎゅう) (wagyū), from 和 (わ, wa, “Japan”) + 牛 (ぎゅう, gyū, “cow, bull, ox, cattle; beef”).

compound

(cooking) wagyu: any of several Japanese breeds of cattle genetically predisposed to intense marbling and to producing a high percentage of oleaginous unsaturated fat.


adenosina

(biochemistry, genetics, organic chemistry) adenosine (a nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue)


ikat

From Malay ikat, from Proto-Malayic *ikət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hikət, from Proto-Austronesian *Sikət (“tie, bind, attach to by tying”).


ikat

ikat (root)
mengikat (active)
terikat (active involuntary)
diikat (active involuntary passive)
ikat (active)
ikatlah (active)
mengikati (active locative)
terikati (involuntary locative)
diikati (involuntary locative passive)
ikati (locative)
ikatilah (locative)
mengikatkan (active applicative causative)
diikatkan (applicative causative passive)
ikatkan (applicative causative)
ikatkanlah (applicative causative)


panko

From Japanese パン粉(こ) (panko, “breadcrumb”), from パン (pan, “bread”) + 粉 (こ, ko, “flour, powder”).


praktik

From Dutch praktijk, from Middle Dutch practike, from Old French practique, from Latin prāctica, from Ancient Greek πρᾱκτική (prāktikḗ). Standard spelling influenced by praktikum, supersedes the now nonstandard praktek.

practice: the practice of doing something.


asam

From Malay asam, masam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm.
* The sense “a chemical compound” is a semantic loan from Dutch zuur (“acid”).

Having a sour, acid, acidic, sharp or tangy taste.

(chemistry) acidic: of or pertaining to an acid.


asam

Tamarindus indica
Tamarindus indica#Translingual

the fruit of this tree; the pulp is used as spice in Asian cooking and in Worcestershire sauce.

any of a class of water-soluble compounds, having sour taste, that turn blue litmus red, and react with some metals to liberate hydrogen, and with bases to form salts.

any compound that easily donates protons; a Brønsted acid

any compound that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond; a Lewis acid


proefschrift

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch proefschrift (“thesis, dissertation”).


fiskal

From Dutch fiskaal (current spelling fiscaal), from Middle French fiscal, from Latin fiscus (“treasury”). Doublet of beskal.

Badan Kebijakan Fiskal

fiscal, related to the treasury of a country, company, region or city, particularly to government spending and revenue.


galon

From Dutch gallon, from English gallon, from Middle English gallon, galoun, galun, from Old Northern French galun, galon (“liquid measure”) (compare Old French jalon), from Late Latin galum, galus (“measure of wine”), from Vulgar Latin *galla (“vessel”), possibly from Gaulish [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“goblet”).

exactly 4.54609 liters; an imperial gallon

231 cubic inches or approximately 3.785 liters for liquids (a "U.S. liquid gallon")


sange

Probably from blend of sakau (“withdrawal syndrome”) + ngewe (“sexual intercourse”).


apoteker

From Dutch apotheker, from Middle Dutch [Term?], from Middle French [Term?] (French apothicaire), from Late Latin apothecarius.

pharmacist: a professional who dispenses prescription drugs in a hospital or retail pharmacy.


staf

From Dutch staf, from Proto-Germanic *stabaz.


en profil

Unadapted borrowing from French en profil (“portrayed sideways”).


asket

Borrowed from Dutch asceet (“ascetic”), from Latin ascēta, from Ancient Greek ἀσκητής (askētḗs).

ascetic: one who is devoted to the practice of self-denial, either through seclusion or stringent abstinence.


amfetamina

From Dutch amfetamine, from English amphetamine.


Andi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦄꦤ꧀ꦢꦶ (Andi), from Old Javanese andi (“servant”).


wol

Borrowed from Dutch wol, from Middle Dutch wolle, from Old Dutch *wulla, from Proto-West Germanic *wullu, from Proto-Germanic *wullō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.


beken

From Dutch bekend (“(well-)known”), from Middle Dutch bekent, part participle of bekennen (“to know”).


emoji

Borrowed from Japanese 絵文字(えもじ) (emoji), from 絵(え) (e, “picture”) + 文字(もじ) (moji, “character”). The apparent connection to emotion and emoticon is coincidental.

A digital graphic icon with a unique code point used to represent a concept or object, originally used in Japanese text messaging but since adopted internationally in other contexts such as social media.


perek

Blend of perempuan (“female”) + eksperimen (“experiment”).


teknik

tèknik (canonical)
teknik-teknik (plural)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

From Dutch techniek, from French technique, from Ancient Greek τεχνικός (tekhnikós), from τέχνη (tékhnē). Compare to Malay teknik.

technique.
practical aspects of a given art.

technique.
method of achieving something

engineering, the application of mathematics and the physical sciences to the needs of humanity and the development of technology.


antidot

Borrowed from Malay antidot, from English antidote, from Latin antidotum, from Ancient Greek ἀντίδοτος (antídotos, “given as a remedy for”), from ἀντιδίδωμι (antidídōmi, “I give in return, repay”). Doublet of antidotum.

der

a remedy to counteract the effects of poison.

Antidot utama untuk melawan radikalisasi politik - terutama oleh kaum sayap kiri dari Moskwa - berupa interaksi berlebih dengan teman-teman dekat serta hubungan yang positif dengan orang tua dan saudara sehingga rasa komunitas tidak didapatkan dari kaum laknat tersebut.

The main antidote to counter political radicalization - especially from Muscovite leftists - are interactions with close friends as well as positive relations with parents and relatives so that the sense of community is not obtained through those damned people.

(figurative) something that counteracts or prevents something harmful.


lauk

Inherited from Malay lauk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahuk (“mixed, as foods”).


kalke

From Dutch calque, from French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).

der

(linguistics) calque: a word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.


bocor

perahu bocor

atap bocor


belek

red eye with sticky discharge as conjunctivitis.


belek

From Dutch blik (“tin can”). Cognate to Japanese ブリキ (buriki, “tinplate”).


belek

Cognate to Indonesian belah (“to split”).


waria

Blend of wanita (“woman”) + pria (“man”). First attested in 1978. Replaced wadam.

blend

a member of Indonesia's traditional transfeminine third gender


katekismus

Borrowed from Dutch catechismus, from Latin catēchismus.


jelek

head

jelek (superlative terjelek, equative sejelek)

terjelek (superlative)
sejelek (equative)

Probably borrowed from Dutch lelijk or slecht.


korps

From Dutch korps, corps, from Middle French corps, from Old French corps, from Latin corpus (“body”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷrép-o-, *kʷr̥p-eH₂- (“body”).

(military) a battlefield formation composed of two or more divisions.

an organized group of people united by a common purpose.


anjer

From Javanese ꦲꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦂ (anjer), a variant of ꦲꦚ꧀ꦗꦶꦂ (anjir, “stake or pole used as a marker”), probably from Arabic أَنْجَر (ʔanjar, “anchor”), from Classical Persian لنگر (langar), from Ancient Greek ἄγκῡρα (ánkūra). Doublet of angker, anjar, anjir, and jangkar.

doublet

wood or bamboo stick that are plugged in as marker for crab trap.


balsem

From Dutch balsem, from Middle Dutch balsame, from Latin balsamum.
* The word displaced by balsam, the loanword-cognate from Standard Malay balsam, from English balsam.

superseded spelling of balsam (“balsam”).


reklame

rèklamê (canonical)
reklame-reklame (plural)

From Dutch reclame, from French réclame, réclamer, from Old French reclamer, borrowed from Latin reclāmō, reclāmāre, from clāmō.


karakteristik

karaktêristik (canonical)
karakteristik-karakteristik (plural)

Borrowed from English characteristic, from Ancient Greek χαρακτηριστικός (kharaktēristikós).

der

χαρακτηριστικός

A characteristic, distinguishing feature of a person or thing.


setal

From Dutch stal (“stable”), from Middle Dutch stal, from Old Dutch *stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz.

(colloquial) stable, a building, wing or dependency set apart and adapted for lodging and feeding (and training) animals with hoofs, especially horses.


setal

From Dutch staal (“steel”), from Middle Dutch stael, from Old Dutch stāl, from earlier *stahal, from Proto-Germanic *stahlą.


narkotika

From Dutch narcotica, plural of narcoticum, from Medieval Latin narcōticum, from Ancient Greek ναρκόω (narkóō, “Ι benumb”), from νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness, torpor”).


telegraf

From Dutch telegraaf, from French télégraphe.


mampus

From Malay mampus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qa(m)pus (“come to an end, be destroyed”). Doublet of hapus. Compare Sundanese apus (“easily go out, extinguished (fire)”).


faal

From Arabic فَعْل (faʕl, “work, function”).

(medicine) physiology: the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.

(biology) function: the physiological activity of an organ or body part.


organogram

organisation chart
organisation chart#English

organization chart
organization chart#English

(management) organisation chart, organization chart.


integrasi

intêgrasi (canonical)
integrasi-integrasi (plural)

From Dutch integratie, ultimately from Latin integratio.

the act or process of making whole or entire.

(politics, government, sociology) the process of fitting into a community, notably applied to 'visible' (ethnic, immigrant...) minorities.

(mathematics) the operation of finding the integral of a function.


ligasi

→ Malay: ligasi

Borrowed from Dutch ligatie (“ligation”), from Late Latin ligatio, ligationis, from Latin ligo.

bor+

(surgery) the act of tying off or sealing a blood vessel, fallopian tube, etc during surgery; act of ligating.

(chemistry) the formation of a complex by reaction with a ligand.


realis

From Dutch realist, from French réaliste. Cognate with Afrikaans realis.


termin

Borrowed from Dutch termijn, ultimately from Latin terminus.

Near-synonyms: babak, periode, tahap

term (a chronological limitation or restriction, a limited timespan)


BK

bimbingan konseling
bimbingan konseling#Indonesian

Initialism of bimbingan konseling (“guidance counseling”).

badan kehormatan
badan kehormatan#Indonesian


gerai

a small stall for the display and sale of goods.

an enclosed table with seats, as in a diner or café.


fisika

From Dutch fysica, from Latin physica, from Ancient Greek φυσικός (phusikós, “natural”). Compare to Afrikaans fisika.

der

physics, the branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.


profase

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch profase.


timbangan

balance, scales: a device for measuring weight.

match: someone with a measure of an attribute equaling or exceeding the object of comparison; a pair of items or entities with mutually suitable characteristics.

weight: an object used to make something heavier; a standardized block of metal used in a balance to measure the mass of another object.


tindak

Inherited from Malay تيندق (tindak), from Javanese ꦠꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦏ꧀ (tindak).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">tindak</i>


stelsel

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch stelsel (“system”).


konveksi

From Dutch convectie, from Latin convectiō.

(meteorology) The vertical movement of heat and moisture, especially by updrafts and downdrafts in an unstable air mass.

(physics) The transmission of heat in a fluid by the circulation of currents.


baku

→ Malay: baku (“standard”)

Most likely from Malay [Term?], reconstructed as ber- (“to have; to engage in reciprocal situation”) + aku (“I, my, me”). Doublet of beraku. Malay etymon may be :
* borrowed via Javanese ꦧꦏꦸ (baku, “main, essential, basic; rice-field given to a village head instead of salary”).
* borrowed via Manado Malay baku- (“mutually, reciprocally, each other, one another”).
The sense “standard” is a semantic loan from Dutch standaard via Malay.

bor

Bahasa baku.

(dialect, Java) members of the village community who are the core population whom own agricultural land, houses and yards.


baku

mutually, reciprocally, each other, one another


baku

(dialect) assistance from family members to the bride and groom as provisions for them to enter a new household.


baku

(dialect, cooking) a kind of food, made from dried sago, fried together with coconut.


fabel

From Dutch fabel (“fable”), from Old French fable, from Latin fābula.

(literature) fable, a fictitious narrative intended to enforce some useful truth or precept, usually with animals, etc. as characters.


higiene

Borrowed from Dutch hygiëne (“hygiene”), from French hygiène, from Ancient Greek ὑγιεινή (τέχνη) (hugieinḗ (tékhnē), literally “art of health”), from ὑγιεινός (hugieinós, “of health, good for the health, wholesome, sound, healthy”), from ὑγιής (hugiḗs, “healthy, sound”).

der

ὑγιεινή (τέχνη)

the science of health, its promotion and preservation.

those conditions and practices that promote and preserve health.


primair

(law) alternative spelling of primèr (“primary”)


standar

From Dutch standaard (“standard”), from Middle Dutch standaert, from Old French estendart, estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Old Frankish *standhard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”).

an object supported in an upright position.

(Standard Malay)

a principle or example or measure used for comparison.

stand, support: a device to hold something upright or aloft.


standar

standard, falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.


migas

Acronym of minyak dan gas bumi (“oil and natural gas”).


wijen

From Javanese ꦮꦶꦗꦺꦤ꧀ (wijèn), from Old Javanese wijyan (“sesame-seed”). Doublet of bijan and bijian. Reconstructed as biji + -an.

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual

A tropical Asian plant (Sesamum indicum) bearing small flat seeds used as food and as a source of oil.


halang

From Malay halang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalaŋ (“obstruct, lie across or athwart”). Doublet of alang. Compare Tagalog harang.


BGN

Badan Gizi Nasional
w:id:Badan Gizi Nasional

Initialism of Badan Gizi Nasional (“National Nutrition Authority”).


sakau

Blend of sakit (“sick”) + putau (“heroin”, literally “white”).

blend

Aku biasanya pusing ketika sakau.

withdrawal symptom
withdrawal symptom#English


kendi

From Malay kendi, from Classical Malay کندي (kĕndi), from Sanskrit कुण्डी (kuṇḍī), female form of कुण्ड (kuṇḍa) or कुण्डिक (kuṇḍika, “water pot”).


oratorium

From Dutch oratorium, from Latin ōrātōrium (“place of prayer, oratory”), substantive of ōrātōrius (“oratorical”), from ōrātor (“public speaker, orator”) + -ōrius.

der

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism, music) An oratorio, a religiously-themed semi-operatic form of music.

(Roman Catholicism) A prayer room or small chapel.


fosforilasi

Borrowed from Dutch fosforylatie (“phosphorylation”).


ateis

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch atheïst, from Middle French atheiste.


patik

(obsolete) singular first person pronoun


judi

From Malay judi (“gambling”), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀽𑀤 (jūda), from Sanskrit द्यूत (dyūta, “gambling”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyuH- (“to endeavour”).


bawang

From Malay bawang, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bawaŋ (“garlic, onion”).

inh

a generic name for onion or leek; Allium sp.


burung gagak

id-noun

burung gagak (plural burung-burung gagak)


abdis

From Dutch abdis (“abbess”), from Middle Dutch abdisse.


serigala

From Malay serigala, from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgālá, “jackal”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárguš (“predatory animal”).


rute

From Dutch route, from Middle French route, from Old French route, from Latin rupta.

(chiefly transport) a course or way which is traveled or passed.

(Standard Malay)

a regular itinerary of stops, or the path followed between these stops, such as for delivery or passenger transportation.


datif

From Dutch datief, from French datif, from Latin dativus.


hampir

Inconclusive. There is possibility that Indonesian hampir is a loanword from Dutch amper (“scarcely, barely”) as its high and almost universal usage in Flemish, which in turn was derived from Middle Dutch amper (“sour”), which had similar semantic development to German sehr (“very”) and Alemannic German rüüdig (“very”) and cognates of Swedish amper and German Ampfer.


pelangi

From Malay pelangi,
* from pelang ("striped"), thus doublet of belang.
* Apocope of pelangit, thus can be reconstructed as pe- + langit.

(figuratively) colorful (diverse colors)

(by extension) the rainbowfish (freshwater fish within the family Melanotaeniidae)


bianglala

A rainbow (multicoloured arch in the sky)


jari manis

From Malay jari manis. Equivalent to
jari (“finger”) + manis (“sweet”).

(anatomy) ring finger (finger between the middle finger and little finger)


komet

(astronomy) comet (a celestial body, generally with a tail)


gergaji rantai

id-noun

gergaji rantai (plural gergaji-gergaji rantai)

chainsaw (saw with a power driven chain)


gergaji listrik

gergaji listrik (plural gergaji-gergaji listrik)


bekicot

Achatina fulica
Wikispecies:Achatina fulica


anoksia

(ecology, pathology) anoxia: a total depletion in the level of oxygen.


gempa bumi

From Malay gempa bumi, from calque of Sanskrit भूमिकम्प (bhūmikampa, “earthquake”), from भूमि (bhūmi, “earth”) + कम्प (kampa, “quake”), as gempa (“tremor”) + bumi (“earth”). Compare with Hindi भूकंप (bhūkamp, “earthquake”), Marathi भूकंप (bhūkampa, “earthquake”).


kuis

a competition in the answering of questions.

(education) a school examination of less importance, or of greater brevity, than others given in the same course.


profesi

profèsi (canonical)
profesi-profesi (plural)

From Dutch professie, from Middle Dutch professie (“profession, declaration of faith”), from Latin professiō (“declaration, avowal”).

der

profession, an occupation, trade, craft, or activity in which one has a professed expertise in a particular area; a job, especially one requiring a high level of skill or training.


dispnea

Learned borrowing from Latin dyspnoea, from Ancient Greek δύσπνοια (dúspnoia). Compare to Dutch dyspnoe.


rela

Inherited from Malay rela, from Arabic رِضَا (riḍā). Doublet of rida.


cabar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦧꦂ (cabar, “ineffectual; failed”), from Old Javanese cabar (“faint-hearted”).

bor+

(archaic) discouraged, disheartened, downhearted.


lunas

Pinjaman ini belum lunas.


landas

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering


lapas

lembaga pemasyarakatan
lembaga pemasyarakatan#Indonesian


laos

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (laos, “galangal”), from Old Javanese laja, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia (“ginger”). Compare Min Nan 辣椒 (loa̍h-chio).


topeng

mask, a cover, or partial cover, for the face,

(figurative) mask; disguise; veil; pretence; concealment


peras

From Malay peras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəʀəs. Cf. Tagalog pigis.


dansat

short for komandan satuan (“unit commander”).


ekstrem

From Dutch extreem, from French extrême, from Latin extremus (“outermost”), superlative of extrā (“outside of, beyond”).


senam

From Malay senam, from Tamil சாமம் (cāmam).

(rare) original color (of something that has been varnished or gilded)


cerutu

cêrutu (canonical)
cerutu-cerutu (plural)

From Malay cerutu, from Portuguese charuto, from Tamil சுருட்டு (curuṭṭu).


serangga

sêrangga (canonical)
serangga-serangga (plural)

From Malay serangga, from Sanskrit सारङ्ग (sāraṅga, “bee”, literally “spotted, varigated”).


bayangan

shadow (dark image projected onto a surface)

(optics) image: duplication of an object that appears almost identical


oprit

(construction, engineering, road transport) ramp


figur

From Dutch figuur, from Middle French figure (Modern French figure), from Old French figure, from Latin figūra (“form, shape, form of a word, a figure of speech, Late Latin a sketch, drawing”), from fingō (“to form, shape, mold, fashion”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold, shape, form, knead”). Doublet of figura and pigura.


omkoping

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch omkoping (“bribery”).

ubor

bribery, corruptly paying off illegitimate favors.


donat

From English donut, an alteration of doughnut.


behandel

From Dutch behandelen (“to handle, to treat”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *handlōną.


bokeh

From English bokeh, from Japanese 暈け (boke, “blur”), the nominalized form of 暈ける (bokeru, “to blur (intransitive)”).

(photography) bokeh, a subjective aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas of an image projected by a camera lens.


intensif

From Dutch intensief, from French intensif, from Medieval Latin intensīvus, from Latin intensus.


ritme

From Dutch ritme (“rhythm”), from Latin rhythmus, from Ancient Greek ῥυθμός (rhuthmós).


veteriner

vè‧tê‧ri‧nèr

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch veterinair, from French vétérinaire.


bakeri

bakery: a shop in which bread (and often other baked goods such as cakes) is baked and/or sold.


halsduk

From Dutch halsdoek (“neckerchief”), from Middle Dutch halsdoec.


anak yatim

From anak + yatim.
Inherited from Malay anak yatim, from Classical Malay anak yatim.

paternal orphan: a person, especially a minor, whose father have died.


cadang

Inherited from Malay cadang and borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦝꦁ (cadhang).

Alternative spelling of cadangan (“reserve, spare”)


keinginan

(countable) wish (a desire, hope, or longing for something or for something to happen)

(uncountable) the feeling of desiring; an eager longing for something

(countable) someone or something wished for


gravir

Borrowed from Dutch gravure, from French gravure.

gravure: a type of intaglio printing process, in which an image is engraved onto a rotating copper cylinder.


elektromagnetisme

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch elektromagnetisme.


administratif

From Dutch administratief (“administrative”), from French administratif (“administrative”).


katedral

katêdral (canonical)
katedral-katedral (plural)

From Dutch kathedraal, from Late Latin ecclēsia cathedrālis (“church having a bishop's seat”), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra, “chair of a teacher, throne”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”). Doublet of kadera.


ceria

From Malay ceria, from Pali cariya (“conduct, behaviour, state of, life of”), from Sanskrit चर्य (carya, “observance of all rites and customs, conduct, behaviour”).

cheerful (noticeably happy and optimistic; bright and pleasant)


antero

From Old Galician-Portuguese enteiro, enteyro (“whole, entire”) (compare Modern Portuguese inteiro), from Latin integer, integrum.


dukun

Inherited from Malay دوکون (dukun), from Javanese ꦝꦸꦏꦸꦤ꧀ (dhukun), from Old Javanese ḍukun (“medicine-man, physician, healer”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">dukun</i>


abir

From Sundanese [Term?] and Javanese ꦲꦧꦶꦂ (abir).


fotokopi

From English photocopy. Equivalent to foto- (“photo-”) + kopi (“copy”).

photocopy: a copy made using a photocopier.


gendang telinga

id-noun

gendang telinga (plural gendang-gendang telinga)

gendang (“kendhang”) + telinga (“ear”), from English eardrum.

eardrum (membrane separating outer and middle ears)


wanita penghibur

head

wanita penghibur (plural wanita-wanita penghibur, first-person possessive wanita penghiburku, second-person possessive wanita penghiburmu, third-person possessive wanita penghiburnya)

wanita penghibur . (canonical)
wanita-wanita penghibur (plural)
wanita penghibur ku (first-person possessive)
wanita penghibur mu (possessive second-person)
wanita penghibur nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of wanita (“women”) + penghibur (“entertainer, consoler, comforter”), probably calque from Japanese 慰安婦(いあんふ) (ianfu, “comfort women”).

compound

...kenapa di Indonesia kita tidak mendengar ada berita tentang gugatan hukum dari wanita penghibur tersebut kepada pemerintah Jepang?
2005, Jalan panjang hak asasi manusia: catatan Todung Mulya Lubis, Gramedia Pustaka Utama (→ISBN), page 76:
Why do we not hear any news about lawsuit from those comfort woman to the government of Japan?

(euphemistic) a female sex slave; comfort woman; comfort girl.


kontes

kontès (canonical)
kontes-kontes (plural)

From Dutch contest, from English contest, from French contester, from Old French, from Latin contestor (“to call to witness”).


propedeuse

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch propedeuse (“propedeuse”), from Ancient Greek προπαίδευσις (propaídeusis), προπαιδεύω (propaideúō, “I give preparatory instruction”), πρό (pró, “before”) + παιδεύω (paideúō, “I teach”).

der

προπαίδευσις

(education) propedeuse: the first year's (preparatory) study at some European universities


karambol

From Dutch carambole, from French carambole, from Spanish carambola.


-mu

From Malay -mu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mu, from Proto-Austronesian *mu.

temanmu

(casual or informal, usually singular) Second person oblique enclitic pronoun.

Second person oblique enclitic pronoun.
As a possessive adjective.

mereka sedang mencarimu

ayah akan memberimu uang

Second person oblique enclitic pronoun.
As a direct or indirect object

hadiah ini untukmu

As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam'.


-nya

From Malay -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a (compare Tagalog niya, Javanese -ne, Madurese -na).

ibunya

Third person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.

aku memeluknya

kami belum memberitahukannya tentang ini

aku pinjam pensil ini darinya

bangunannya indah

the building is beautiful (literally, “its building (is) beautiful”)

pakaiannya mana?

where is the cloth? (literally, “where (is) its cloth?”)

(in some contexts and positions only) Used to mark definiteness.

bukunya aku

abangnya Dani

Dani's older brother (literally, “older brother of Dani”)

Used to mark possessive, especially in some context where it needs to be clear.

manisnya permen ini

(by extension)
Used to emphasize an adjective.

punahnya suatu bahasa

the extinction of a language (punah means 'extinct')

lemahnya pemerintah

the weakness of the government (lemah means 'weak')

(by extension)
Uses to nominalize an adjective.

dibacanya buku

(with the passive prefix 'di-') Used to nominalize a passive verb.

dia nulisnya lama

kamu makannya jangan gitu

(sometimes colloquial in some contexts) Uses to nominalize an active verb.


ke-

From Malay ke-, from Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika- (“prefix for ordinal numerals”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sika- (“prefix for ordinal numbers”).

inh

bulan kelima

kedua buku


ke-

From Malay ke-, from Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.
According to Poedjosoedarmo (1982), the productivity of ke- is influenced by the cognate Javanese ꦏ- (ka-).

(noun, non-productive) having characteristics of

(verb, usuallly informal) to have condition or accident of


palapa

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese pālapa.

lbor

(uncountable) Indonesia's first domestic communications satellite, launched in 1976.


onigiri

Borrowed from Japanese お握り (おにぎり, onigiri, “rice ball”).


internat

internat (canonical)
intêrnat (canonical)

From Dutch internaat, from French internat.


misal

From Malay misal, from Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl, “example”).


biliar

From Dutch biljart, from French billard.

(games) billiards: a two-player cue sport played with two cue balls and one red ball, on a snooker sized table.


antioksidan

Fron Dutch antioxidant. Analyzed as anti- + oksidan


psikolog

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch psycholoog (“psychologist”).


sirih

an evergreen Indian creeping shrub, Piper betle.

dried leaves of plant above are chewed with betel nut


tabut

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic تَابُوت (tābūt, “box, case, chest, coffer, ark; coffin, casket, sarcophagus”).


gagak

Inherited from Malay gagak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gakgak (“caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people”), probably onomatopoeic.


atmosfer

From Dutch atmosfeer, from French atmosphère.

the gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.

atmosphere
the air in a particular place.

atmosphere: a unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa.

(figurative) atmosphere: the apparent mood felt in an environment.


plastik

From Dutch plastiek, from French plastique, from Latin plasticus (“of molding”), from Ancient Greek πλαστικός (plastikós), from πλάσσειν (plássein, “to mold, form”).

A synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting.

plastic.
Any solid but malleable substance.


selam

selam (root)
menyelam (active)
terselam (active involuntary)
diselam (active involuntary passive)
selam (active)
selamlah (active)
menyelami (active locative)
terselami (involuntary locative)
diselami (involuntary locative passive)
selami (locative)
selamilah (locative)
menyelamkan (active applicative causative)
terselamkan (applicative causative)
diselamkan (applicative causative passive)
selamkan (applicative causative)
selamkanlah (applicative causative)
memperselam (active causative)
terperselam (active causative involuntary)
diperselam (active causative involuntary passive)
perselam (active causative)
perselamlah (active causative)
memperselami (active causative locative)
terperselami (causative involuntary locative)
diperselami (causative involuntary locative passive)
perselami (causative locative)
perselamilah (causative locative)
memperselamkan (active applicative causative)
terperselamkan (applicative causative)
diperselamkan (applicative causative passive)
perselamkan (applicative causative)
perselamkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay selam, from Classical Malay selam, from Proto-Austronesian *selem₁ (“sink, immerse oneself in water, dive into the water; to set, of the sun”). Compare Bikol Central salom and Cebuano salom.


beralkohol

Minuman-minuman beralkohol rendah.

Low alcohol drinks. (lit. "Drinks [that] contain low alcohol.")


lembu

Inherited from Malay lembu, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lnboʔ (“ox”). Cognate of Javanese ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ (lembu), Old Javanese lĕmbu, lambu, lamwu (“cow”).


fregat

From Dutch fregat, from Middle French frégate, from Italian fregata.

frigate: a type of (once sailing, small but fast three-mast) warship, applied to progressively larger types in time, since 1943 mainly escort ships.


fraktur

From Dutch fractuur, from Middle French fracture, from Old French fracture, from Latin fractura (“a breach, fracture, cleft”), from frangere (“to break”), past participle fractus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.

der

(medicine) a break in bone or cartilage.


badan

From Malay badan, from Classical Malay بادن (badan), from Arabic بَدَن (badan). Semantic loan from Dutch lichaam (“body”) for “main section” and “coherent group” senses.

semantic loan

Saya tidak enak badan.

(anatomy) physical structure of a human or animal.

coherent group, a group of people having a common purpose or opinion or an organisation, company or other authoritative group.


keretek

kêrètèk (canonical)
keretek-keretek (plural)


idealisme

idealismê (canonical)
idealisme-idealisme (plural)

Internationalism, affixed ideal + -isme, borrowed from Dutch idealisme, from French idéalisme.

The practice or habit of giving or attributing ideal form or character to things; treatment of things in art or literature according to ideal standards or patterns;—opposed to realism.

(philosophy) An approach to philosophical enquiry, which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can only be had of ideas or mental pictures.


Finlandia

Learned borrowing from New Latin Finlandia, ultimately from Old Norse Finnland, likely through Swedish Finland.


rekrut

From Dutch rekruut (pre-1996 recruut), from French recruter.

a person enlisted for service in the army; a newly enlisted soldier.


puisi

From Dutch poëzie, from Middle French poésie (Modern French poésie), from Late Latin poēsia, from earlier poēsis, from Ancient Greek ποίησις (poíēsis).


patriotisme

From Dutch patriottisme, from French patriotisme.


bilik

From Malay bilik, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bilik.

(Standard Malay)

an enclosure just big enough to accommodate one standing person.


bilik

unity of several family homes centered on the oldest child's house in Lampung.


borong

head

borong (active memborong, passive diborong)

From Sundanese borong (“to buy whole sale”)

To buy the whole of; to purchase the entire stock of something.

To buy whatever is available of something.

(intransitive) to hold various positions (job, status or rank)


reda

From Arabic رِضَا (riḍā, “to be pleased, to be satisfied”).


reda

to be almost finished, to be almost over, to be almost vanished


ayam

From Malay ayam, from hayam, from Proto-Malayic *hayam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayam.

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual

(bird) A bird of the order Galliformes, generally refers to chicken (Gallus gallus) or fowl.

Ayam goreng sini sangat enak.


ayam

Semantic loan from Chinese 雞／鸡 (“female prostitute”, literally “chicken”).

zh-l

(colloquial, derogatory) slut, prostitute.


radja

Radja pedang

Superseded spelling of raja. (before 1967)


natar

* From Old Javanese natar (“grounds, yard; ground, surface of cloth on which the pattern is painted”).
* From Balinese natar (ᬦᬢᬃ, “house-complex”).
Both are inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *natad (“cleared area around house, cleared ground in village”), from Proto-Austronesian *NataD (“outside”). Related to Indonesian latar (“background”). Cognate of Tetum natar (“rice paddy, paddy field”).


termal

Borrowed from English thermal, from New Latin *thermalis, from Ancient Greek θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to heat, warm”). Compare Malay terma.


detektor

detektor (canonical)
détèktor (canonical)

From Dutch detector, from English detector.

detector: a device capable of registering a specific substance or physical phenomenon, and that optionally sounds an alarm or triggers a warning.


wastafel

wastafêl (canonical)
wastafel-wastafel (plural)


bioma

(ecology) biome: any major regional biological community such as that of forest or desert; all the genomes of such a community.


ebi

From Hokkien 蝦米／虾米 (hêe-bí, “dried small shrimp”).


hayat

From Malay hayat,
from Classical Malay hayat, from Arabic حَيَاة (ḥayāh).


UEA

Uni Emirat Arab
Uni Emirat Arab#Indonesian

Initialism of Uni Emirat Arab (“United Arab Emirates”): UAE


prélude

Unadapted borrowing from French prélude (“prelude”), from Late Latin praeludium.

ubor

(music) prelude: a short, free-form piece of music, originally one serving as an introduction to a longer and more complex piece; later, starting with the Romantic period, generally a stand-alone piece.


a tempo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian a tempo.

(music) return to normal tempo from a deviation


kais

Inherited from Malay kais, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kais (“to scrape, scratch”) (compare Khmer កែះ (keh, “to scratch”), Vietnamese kẻ (“to draw (line)”)).


aviditas

(biochemistry) avidity: The measure of the synergism of the strength of individual interactions between proteins.


popi

From Dutch popje, pop, from New Latin pupa. Doublet of pop and pupa.


adoptif

From Dutch adoptief, from French adoptif, from Latin adoptīvus, from adoptāre (“to adopt”, literally “chose for oneself”).


kubu

Inherited from Malay kubu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kubu (“field hut in the rice fields”). Doublet of kuwu.


kofte

From Classical Persian کوفته (kōfta, “ground meat”), from کوفتن (kōftan, “to grind, break, beat”).

bor

(cooking) kofta: any of various spicy meatball or meatloaf dishes of the Middle East, Caucasus, South Asia, and the Balkans.


kolam

Inherited from Malay kolam, from Tamil குளம் (kuḷam).


daging

meat, flesh (whether or not used for food)

flesh: the soft tissue of the body, especially muscle and fat.

(religion) flesh: the mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.


iklan

→ Tetum: iklan

From Arabic إِعْلَان (ʔiʕlān). Coined by Indonesian journalist Soedardjo Tjokrosisworo in 1951 with intention to replace adpertensi (current spelling advertensi).

Arabic إِعْلَان (ʔiʕlān)

coinage

(advertising) advertisement (commercial solicitation)

mengiklankan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

periklanan [causative passive + resultative


alo-

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.


prioritet

From Dutch prioriteit, from Old French priorité, from Latin prioritas.


indeks

an alphabetical listing of items and their location.

(economics) a single number calculated from an array of prices or of quantities.

(communication) a prologue indicating what follows.

index:
a prologue indicating what follows.

(linguistics) a type of noun where the meaning of the form changes with respect to the context.

coefficient: a number representing a property or ratio.


keki

From Hokkien 激氣 /激气 (kek-khì, “to sulk”).


kodi

From Tamil கோடி (kōṭi, “A collection of twenty”), from Sanskrit कोटि (koṭi). Doublet of keti.


jitu

From Malay jitu, from Hokkien 得著 (tit-tio̍h).

accurate, definite, direct, exact, precise


rungu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦫꦸꦔꦸ (rungu, “to hear”), from Old Javanese ruṅu, rĕṅö, ḍĕṅö (“to hear”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəʀ. Doublet of dengar.

der

ruṅu, rĕṅö, ḍĕṅö

(uncommon) hearing (the sense used to perceive sound)


pribadi

From Malay peribadi, from Portuguese privado (“private”), from Latin prīvātus (“bereaved; set apart from”).


mustahil

Inherited from Malay mustahil, Arabic مُسْتَحِيل (mustaḥīl).


sep

From Dutch chef, from French chef, from Middle French chief, from Old French chief, from Vulgar Latin *capum, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *kaput-.


sunat

circumcision (excising foreskin from penis)


sunat

(nonstandard) Alternative spelling of sunah (“recommended practice”)


kapibara

Borrowed from Dutch capibara, from Spanish capibara, from Old Tupi kapibara.

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris#Translingual


selat

Inherited from Malay selat (“strait”), from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *selat (“narrow opening or passage between two things”).


selat

Possibly borrowed from Minangkabau, perhaps from the source as above.

(dialectal) Synonym of celah (“gap; fissure”)


selat

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦭꦠ꧀ (selat), from Dutch salade, from Middle French salade, from Italian salata. Doublet of selada.

a Javanese dish influenced by Western cuisine; consists of braised beef tenderloin served in thin watery sauce made from a mixture of garlic, vinegar, sweet soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce, water, and spiced with nutmeg and black pepper.


anarkisme

From Dutch anarchisme. Reconstructed as anarki + -isme.


obesitas

obèsitas (canonical)
obesitas-obesitas (plural)

From Dutch obesitas (“obesity”), from Latin obēsitās (“obesity”), from obēsus (“fat, weighty”).


morfologi

From Dutch morfologie, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ) + λόγος (lógos).

a scientific study of form and structure, usually without regard to function, especially:

(linguistics) the study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).

(biology) the study of the form and structure of animals and plants.

(geology) the study of the structure of rocks and landforms.

morphology:
the form and structure of something.

a description of the form and structure of something.


uji

From Malay uji, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uzi, from Proto-Austronesian *uzi (“test, assay, examine”).


judogi

(judo) judogi (uniform used for judo practice and competition, based on traditional Japanese clothing)


astrofisika

Compound of astro- + fisika, from Dutch astrofysica.


setor

From Dutch storten, from Middle Dutch sterten, from Old Dutch *sturten, from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan.


oto-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὠτ- (ōt-), the stem of οὖς (oûs, “ear”).


oto-

From Dutch auto-, from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-).


Saka

From Javanese ꦱꦏ (saka), from Sanskrit शक (śaka), शाक (śāka).


agrikultura

Learned borrowing from Latin agricultura, from ager (“field”) + cultura (“cultivation”).


dinamika

(physics, mechanics) The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of objects.

Forces that stimulate growth, change, or development.


kredit

krèdit (canonical)
kredit-kredit (plural)

Ultimately from Middle French crédit (“belief, trust”), from Latin creditum (“a loan, credit”), neuter of creditus, past participe of credere (“to believe”).
* Borrowed from Dutch credit (“liabilities”) for sense of liabilities
* Borrowed from Dutch krediet for sense of credit (finance and accounting senses), debt.
* Semantic loan from English credit for sense of value, distinction or honour; course credit.

bor+

(finance) an amount of money in a company that is owed to someone and has to be paid in the future, such as tax, debt, interest, and mortgage payments.

(accounting) the right side of a balance sheet.

liabilities
the right side of a balance sheet.

a privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.

(accounting) an addition to certain accounts; the side of an account on which payments received are entered.

a source of value, distinction or honour.

(education) a course credit, a credit hour – used as measure if enough courses have been taken for graduation

(finance) debt: money that one person or entity owes or is required to pay to another, generally as a result of a loan or other financial transaction.


nikel

Borrowed from Dutch nikkel, from German Nickel.


grafik

From Dutch grafiek, from French graphique, from Latin graphicus (“belonging to painting or drawing”), from Ancient Greek γραφικός (graphikós, “belonging to painting or drawing, picturesque, of or for writing; of style, lively”), from γραφή (graphḗ, “drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, etc.”), from γράφω (gráphō, “scratch, carve”).

der

(computing, mathematics, statistics) graph: a data chart (graphical representation of data) intended to illustrate the relationship between a set (or sets) of numbers (quantities, measurements or indicative numbers) and a reference set, whose elements are indexed to those of the former set(s) and may or may not be numbers.

(mathematics, statistics) chart:
a diagram

(mathematics, statistics) chart:
a graph


audiometri

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch audiometrie.

(medicine) audiometry: the quantitative assessment of a person's hearing ability, especially by means of an audiometer.


sangu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦔꦸ (sangu, “provision”), from Old Javanese saṅu (“provision”). Cognate of Sundanese ᮞᮍᮥ (sangu, “cooked rice”).


tirani

From Dutch tyrannie, from Old French tyrannie, from Medieval Latin tyrannia, tyrania, from Ancient Greek τυραννία (turannía, “tyranny”), from τύραννος (túrannos, “lord, master, sovereign, tyrant”).


arbitrer

From Dutch arbitrair, from French arbitraire, from Latin arbitrarius.

arbitrary; not confined by procedure or law, but depending on irregularities such as impulse, personal preference or whim.

voluntary; done, given, or acting of one's own free will.


tandang

Inherited from Malay tandang (“to visit”), from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦢꦁ (tandang, “to come as an aid”), from Old Javanese tandaṅ (“action, operation, attack”). Semantic loan from Lampung Api tandang (“to gather vegetables”).


proefkonijn

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch proefkonijn (“guinea pig (test subject)”).


rehat

réhat (canonical)
rehat (root)
berehat (active)
terehat (active involuntary)
direhat (active involuntary passive)
rehat (active)
rehatlah (active)
merehatkan (active applicative causative)
terehatkan (applicative causative)
direhatkan (applicative causative passive)
rehatkan (applicative causative)
rehatkanlah (applicative causative)
memperrehatkan (active applicative causative)
terperrehatkan (applicative causative)
diperrehatkan (applicative causative passive)
perrehatkan (applicative causative)
perrehatkanlah (applicative causative)

id-conj-base

The verb form terehat rather means as a superlative (paling, ...) instead of an accidental, but still means as accidentals in transitivized forms (causative, locative, benefactive, and its combinations).

From Malay rehat, from Arabic راحة (rāḥa).


akik

From Malay akik, from Classical Malay عقيق (akik), from Arabic عَقِيق (ʕaqīq), from Aramaic עקיק.


pro bono publico

Learned borrowing from Latin prō bonō publicō.


tabur

From Malay tabur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabuR (“strew”), *-buR (“strew, sow; sprinkle”). Doublet of awur and tawur.


sunyi

From Malay sunyi, from Classical Malay sunyi, from Sanskrit शून्य (śūnya), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱówH-.


artritis

From Ancient Greek ἀρθρῖτις (arthrîtis, “joint-disease, gout”), from ἄρθρον (árthron, “a joint”).

bor

(pathology, rheumatology) arthritis: inflammation of a joint or joints causing pain and/or disability, swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders.


gerah

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦼꦫꦃ (gerah, “ill, sick”), from Old Javanese gĕrah, grah (“weak, powerless; painful; hot”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rah, *ruh, *ruəh, *ruuh, *rəh (“to fall, be shed”).


(international standards) ISO 216 standard paper size of 353 mm × 500 mm (13.9 in × 19.69 in), with a surface area of 0.176 m² (1.9 sq ft).

Initialism of bahan berbahaya dan beracun (“dangerous and toxic materials”).


goniometri

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch goniometrie, from French goniométrie.


merdu

From Sanskrit मृदु (mṛdu, “gentle, soft”).


sesam

From Dutch sesam, from Latin sēsamum, from Ancient Greek σήσαμον (sḗsamon), from Old Aramaic שושמא (šūššmā), shortening of שומשומא (šumššemā), from Akkadian 𒃻𒈦𒌑𒈬 (/šamaššammū/), 𒊭𒈦𒌑𒈨 (/šamaššammi/, literally “oil plant”).

Aramaic שושמא (šūššmā)


materi

From Dutch materie, from Middle Dutch materie, from Old French materie, matiere, from Latin māteria (“matter, stuff, material”), from māter (“mother, at least in the sense of 'source'”) + -ia.

suf

Printed material, especially in books or magazines.


retouche

Unadapted borrowing from French retouche (“modification, correction, amendment”).


bilang

Inherited from Malay bilang, from Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ (“to count, calculate; hold valuable”).

inh

(dialectal or rare) Synonym of hitung (“to count”)


klaver

From Dutch klaver, from Middle Dutch clavere.

(card games) clubs, one of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♣.


halte

From Dutch halte, from French halte, from German halten, from Middle High German halten, from Old High German haltan.

(transport) halt, stop, a (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.


grafit

Borrowed from Dutch grafiet (“graphite”), from German Graphit (A. G. Werner 1789), from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).


tenar

Inherited from Malay tenar, either from:
* Dutch te (“too”) + naar (“nasty, scary, unpleasant, sickening”).
* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tənəʀ.


kehamilan

id-noun

kehamilan (countable and uncountable, plural kehamilan-kehamilan)

kehamilan ekstrauterin

extrauterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy

kehamilan kornu

cornual pregnancy, interstitial pregnancy


sporadis

sporadic (rare and scattered in occurrence)


Nehemia

(Christianity, Judaism) Nehemiah (prophet)

(Christianity, Judaism) Nehemiah (book of the Bible)


anting

From Malay anting, from Aslian, such as Jehai anting (“ear”).


jasa

From Sanskrit यशस् (yaśas, “honor”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáśas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáćas (“glory; honor”).

der

honor, something that represents praiseworthiness or respect.

(economics) service, the practice of providing such an act of being of assistance to someone as economic activity.


kesedihan

Affixed sedih + ke- -an, from Malay kesedihan.


intens

From Dutch intens, from French intense, from Middle French intense, from Latin intensus (“stretched tight”), past participle of intendere (“to stretch out”), from in (“in, upon, to”) + tendere (“to stretch”).


canai

From Malay canai, from Classical Malay [script needed] (canăi), from Tamil சாணைக்கல் (cāṇaikkal, “whetstone”).

(obsolete) grindstone, millstone (an abrasive wheel for sharpening, polishing or grinding)


varietas

(biology) cultivar: an animal or plant (or a group of such animals or plants) with characteristics causing it to differ from other animals or plants of the same species.

(botany, taxonomy) a rank in a taxonomic classification below species and (if present) subspecies, and above form; hence, an organism of that rank.


eksemplar

From Dutch exemplaar, from Old French exemplaire, from Late Latin exemplar, exemplarium, from Latin exemplum.


vrijspraak

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch vrijspraak.


komplet

From Dutch compleet, from French complet, from Middle French complet, from Latin complētus.


ansai

to dry by hanging them without direct sunlight.


gelar

Inherited from Malay gelar, from Proto-Malayic *ɡəlar.

nickname that relates to one's characteristics or condition.


gelar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦼꦭꦂ (gelar, “array, layout, deployment”), from Old Javanese gĕlar (“laying out; deployment, battle-array”, literally “spreading”).


gelar

to hold (to organise an event or meeting)


termostat

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch thermostaat.

(Standard Malay)


asat

From Javanese ꦲꦱꦠ꧀ (asat), from Old Javanese asat (“dry, dried up, run dry”), sāt, sat (“dryness”), from Sanskrit असत् (asat, “non-existent, unreal; fake, false; untrue, wrong; bad; non-existence; non-existence; evil”).


hikmat

From Malay hikmat, from Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma). Doublet of hikmah.


kadi

Inherited from Malay kadi, from Arabic قَاضِي (qāḍī, “judge”).

(Islam, law) qadi: a judge who is trained in and practices Islamic law.


brokoli

From Dutch broccoli, from Italian broccoli, plural of broccolo (“cabbage sprout, head”), diminutive of brocco (“shoot, sprout”), from Latin broccus (“pointed, sharp, projecting; buck-toothed”), possibly of Gaulish origin, related to Proto-Celtic *brokkos (“badger”) or Proto-Celtic *brozdos (“tip, point”).


sindikat

From Dutch syndicaat, from French syndicat.

consortium, syndicate (group of companies that pool business, esp. sale or purchases)


kriminal

* From English criminal, from Anglo-Norman criminal, from Late Latin criminalis, from Latin crimen (“crime”). Doublet of kriminil.
* Displaced earlier Indonesian kriminil, which was a loanword from Dutch crimineel.


kriminal

criminal: a person who is guilty of a crime, notably breaking the law.


untuk

Abangku berangkat untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya.

My brother leaves to continue his education.

Hadiah ini untuknya.

beruntuk

to get or receive a share of; to be shared


daerah

daérah (canonical)
daerah-daerah (plural)

From Malay daerah, from Arabic دَائِرَة (dāʔira, “circle”).


penelitian

(uncountable) diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self)

a particular instance or piece of research

researching (the act of carrying out research)


inventarisasi

(business, management) inventory: The process of producing or updating such a list.


pengguna

Affixed peng- + guna. Semantic loan from English user for other senses than “one who uses something”.

(computing) A person who uses a computer or a computing network, especially a person who has received a user account.


kesusasteraan

Affixed susastra + ke- -an, from Malay kesusasteraan, from Sanskrit सु- (su-, “good, well”) + शास्त्र (śāstra, “scripture”).


ergonomi

Internationalism, from Dutch ergonomie (“ergonomics”).

ergonomics: The science of the design of equipment, especially so as to reduce operator fatigue, discomfort and injury.


diler

From English dealer, from Middle English delare, from Old English dǣlere. Doublet of dealer.

(colloquial) Alternative spelling of dealer


batu bata

Compound of batu + bata, inherited from Malay batu bata.

brick: a hardened rectangular block of mud, clay etc., used for building.


gudang

Inherited from Malay gudang, from Tamil கிடங்கு (kiṭaṅku, “store room”), from Proto-Dravidian [Term?]. Cognate of Kannada ಗದಙ್ಗು (gadaṅgu), Malayalam കിടങ്ങു (kiṭaṅṅu).

warehouse (a place for storing large amounts of products. In logistics, a place where products go to from the manufacturer before going to the retailer)


BBN

bea balik nama
bea balik nama#Indonesian

(taxation) Initialism of bea balik nama (“transfer tax”).


muson

Borrowed from Dutch moesson, from French mousson, from Portuguese monção, from Arabic مَوْسِم (mawsim, “season”). Doublet of musim and monsun.


anarkis

Borrowed from Dutch anarchist, from French anarchiste, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía) from the roots ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule”);. Equivalent to anarki + -is.


aloi

From Dutch allooi, from Middle Dutch aloy, from Old French aloi.

alloy, a metal that is a combination of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.


klakson

Jangan membunyikan klakson di dekat rumah sakit.


telanjang

Inherited from Malay telanjang, from Proto-Malayic *tilañjaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *tilañjaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *tilañjaŋ.


artistik

From Dutch artistiek, from French artistique.


terong

From Javanese ꦠꦺꦫꦺꦴꦁ (térong), ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₁rɗuŋ, *d₁rɗuəŋ (“egg-plant, bottle-gourd”). The alternative form terung is inherited from Malay.

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

eggplant, aubergine (the plant of the species Solanum melongena)

”Khusus terong, Indonesia adalah yang terbesar ekspor ke Jepang. Tetapi untuk buah nanas, masih kalah dari Tiongkok, Vietnam, dan Thailand,” katanya. … ”Terong biasnaya kami dapatkan dari daerah penghasil terong yakni Rembang dan Cepu (Blora)."

2018 June 8, “Peluang Ekspor Terong ke Jepang Terbuka [Opportunity for Export of Eggplant to Japan is Open]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-11-03:

"Especially eggplant, Indonesia is the biggest exporter to Japan. But for pineapple, [our country] still loses to China, Vietnam and Thailand," he says. … "For eggplants we usually obtain them from eggplant producing regions which are Rembang and Cepu (Blora)."

eggplant, aubergine (the edible fruit of this plant)


intro-

From Latin intro- (“inwards”), from intro (“inward, inwards”), q.v.


kurir

(Indonesia) A company that transports small goods (smaller than goods transported by ekspedisi company)

(Indonesia) A person who delivers goods in kurir or ekspedisi companies


padma

From Sanskrit पद्म (padma). Doublet of padmi.

Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera#Translingual


etimologi

etymology (study of the historical development of languages, particularly of individual words)


Ketut

a male given name from Balinese, given to 4th (or later) born sons


gado-gado

From Betawi gado-gado, reduplication of gado, from Javanese gado.

a traditional dish in Indonesian cuisine (originally Betawi cuisine), a vegetable salad served with a peanut sauce dressing.

(colloquial, figurative) A miscellany of mixed things: hodgepodge; mishmash.


ketupat

From Javanese ketupat. Doublet of kupat.
Compare with Sundanese kupat, Balinese tipat, Ilocano patupat, Chamorro katupat.


bajing

Inherited from Malay bajing, from Classical Malay باجيڠ (bajing), from Javanese ꦧꦗꦶꦁ (bajing), from Old Javanese bajiṅ.

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">bajing</i>


barok

From Dutch barok, from French baroque, from Portuguese barocco, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly from Latin verruca (“wart”).

(architecture, literature) Baroque, a period in western architecture, art and music from ca. 1600 to ca. 1760 CE.


warung

→ Tetum: warung

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦫꦸꦁ (warung, “small shop, food stall”), from Old Javanese warung, waruṅ (“temporary lodging-place”), probably derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔ(w)ːruŋ.

der

Warung tersebut menjual barang-barang konsumsi sehari-hari.


wartel

warung telekomunikasi
warung telekomunikasi#Indonesian


warnet

short for warung internet (“Internet cafe”).


telepon

From Dutch telefoon (“telephone”), from French téléphone, from Ancient Greek τῆλε (têle, “afar”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice, sound”).

telephone (a device used for two-way talking with other people)

telephone call (a connection established over a telephone network between two parties)

telephone call (the conversation held by the two parties on this connection)


telepon

head

telepon (active menelepon, passive ditelepon)

(transitive, intransitive) to call, to telephone (to contact by telephone)


sonder

Borrowed from Dutch zonder (“without”), from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.


padom

Borrowed from Javanese padom, from pa- + dom.

synonym of kompas (“compass; compass direction”)


papirus

From Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros), of unknown origin.

Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus#Translingual


Ardi

From Javanese Ardi, from Old Javanese ardi (“mountain”).


dewanagari

From Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī), देव (deva, “deity, divine”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”). Compound of dewa + nagari.

compound

Devanagari: an abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.


bola sepak

Compound of bola (“ball”) + sepak (“kick”).

(sports, soccer) football: the ball used in any game called "football".


haji

From Malay haji, from Arabic حَجِّيّ (ḥajjiyy, “hajji”), حَجّ (ḥajj, “hajj”).

(Islam) hajj: the pilgrimage to Mecca made by pious Muslims; one of the five pillars of Islam.

(Islam) hajji: one who has participated in a hajj.


grendel

grèndèl (canonical)
grendel-grendel (plural)

Alternative spelling of gerendel (“bolt of a door”).


stilus

Learned borrowing from Latin stilus, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp; to sting”).

der

(historical) an ancient writing implement consisting of a small rod with a pointed end for scratching letters on clay, wax-covered tablets or other surfaces, and a blunt end for obliterating them.

(computing) a small device resembling a pen used to input handwritten text or drawings directly into an electronic device with a touch-sensitive screen.

(Standard Malay)

(botany) style: The stalk that connects the stigma(s) to the ovary in a pistil of a flower.


lekas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lekas (“quick, quickly”), *-kas (“swift, agile, strong, energetic”).

inh

Jika kita melalui jalan ini, kita akan lekas sampai sana.

If we go this way, we'll get there quickly.

Lekas sembuh!


lekas

(dialect) Alternative form of melekas (“to use black magic, to transform with black magic”)


perdata

pêrdata (canonical)
perdata-perdata (plural)

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦢꦠ (pradata, “court”), from Old Javanese pradata (“communication; explanation”), from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-, “act of”) + धट (dhaṭa, “ordeal by the balance”).

compound

(law) civil, relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.


ada udang di balik batu

Literally meaning "there is a prawn behind the rock". From Malay ada udang di sebalik batu, from Minangkabau [Term?].

Dalam konteks kebijakan yang dijalankan oleh Partai Komunis Indonesia (P.K.I.), ada udang di balik batu.

On the context of the Communist Party of Indonesia (P.K.I.)'s policies, there is an ulterior motive.

"Aduh, mengapa Bapak belum juga mengerti bahwa ada udang di balik batu? Coba pikir betul-betul dan berkali-kali tentang kalung ini."

1989, Ramlal Rishi, Pacar, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, page 41:

"Ouch, why don't you understand that there is a catch? Try to think seriously and over and over again about this necklace."

(figurative, idiomatic) There is a concealed ulterior motive, especially in a person's words or in a seemingly generous offer or deal.


apokrifa

Learned borrowing from Latin apocrypha, apocryphus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόκρυφος (apókruphos).


kulpa

(law) culpa: negligence or fault, as distinguishable from dolus (deceit, fraud), which implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect of intellect, dolus to defect of heart.


imaji

From Dutch image, from Old French image, from Latin imāgō (“a copy, likeness, image”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eym-.

image: a mental picture of something not real or not present.


akson

(anatomy) axon, a nerve fibre which is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, and which conducts nerve impulses away from the body of the cell to a synapse.


tiris

Inherited from Malay tiris, from Classical Malay تيريس (tiris), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiʀis (“drip, ooze through, leak”).


kromo

From Javanese ꦏꦿꦩ (krama), from Old Javanese krama, from Sanskrit क्रम (krama, “manner”).

polite and formal register of Javanese language.


taksu

(dialect, Bali) a mysterious power, spirit


gardu

From Javanese ꦒꦂꦝꦸ (gardhu), from Portuguese guarda (“guard”), from Old Galician-Portuguese guardar, from Medieval Latin wardō, from Frankish *wardōn, from Proto-Germanic *wardāną (“to guard”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed, defend”). Doublet of garda.


paku

From Malay paku, from Classical Malay paku. Compare to Javanese ꦥꦏꦸ (paku), Balinese ᬧᬓᬸ, Old Javanese paku, pakö.

nail (fastener with a sharp point on one end)


paku

From Malay paku, from Classical Malay paku, from Proto-Malayic *paku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paku, from Proto-Austronesian *pahəku (“bracken; edible fern that grows by rivers”).


boti

From English bottom. Compare Jamaican English batty (“homosexual man”).

(slang, gay slang, sometimes derogatory) a homosexual man


boti

to ride with three people, especially on a motorbike


canda

From Sanskrit छन्द (chanda, “humour, pleasure”).


fiksi

From Dutch fictie, from Latin fictiō. Cognate to Afrikaans fiksie.

, cereka (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

(literature) literary type using invented or imaginative writing, instead of real facts, usually written as prose.

a verbal or written account that is not based on actual events (often intended to mislead).


riset

From English research, from early Modern French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”). Doublet of reserse (“crime investigator”).


bolu

From Portuguese bolo, from bola. Doublet of bola.


bolu

Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos#Translingual


palari

palari (a type of Indonesian sailing vessel from South Sulawesi)


informatif

From Dutch informatief, from French informatif.


jerapah

jêrapah (canonical)
jerapah-jerapah (plural)

From Javanese ꦗꦫꦥꦃ (jarapah), from Arabic زَرَافَة (zarāfa), from Classical Syriac ܙܵܪܝܼܦܵܐ (zarāfa). Doublet of zarafah, zirafah. Attested before 1967.


anjing rakun

anjing (“dog”) + rakun (“raccoon”), from Malay anjing rakun.

Nyctereutes procyonoides
Nyctereutes procyonoides#Translingual


anjing laut

[ˈand͡ʒɪŋ ˈlaʊt̚]

Compound of anjing (“dog”) + laut (“sea”), calque of Dutch zeehond (“seal”, literally “sea hound”), from Middle Dutch seehont, possibly an alteration of seelhont (literally “seal-hound, seal-dog”), from seel (“seal”), from Proto-Germanic *selhaz.


bagal

From Malay baghal, bagal, from Classical Malay بغل (baghal), بغل (bagal), from Arabic بَغَل (baḡal).


berang-berang

Reduplication of berang, from Malay berang-berang.


kerbau

kêrbau (canonical)
kerbau-kerbau (plural)

From Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kAr(ə)baw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Cognate with Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy, “water buffalo”), Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Tagalog kalabaw.


kelelawar

From Malay kelelawar, from Proto-Malayic, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kula-la(m)baʀ.


babi hutan

From Malay babi hutan. By surface analysis, babi (“pig”) + hutan (“forest”).


bokser

boksêr (canonical)
bokser-bokser (plural)


musang

From Malay musang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *musaŋ (“civet cat, Viverridae”).


badak

Inherited from Malay badak, from Javanese ꦧꦝꦏ꧀ (badhak) (compare Javanese ꦮꦫꦏ꧀ (warak, “rhinoceros”)), from Old Javanese warak (“rhinoceros”) (compare Old Javanese wadak (“wild buffalo”)), probably from Proto-Austroasiatic (compare to Proto-Bahnaric *-rok (“cow, ox”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuk (“ox”))

(zoology) rhinoceros (herbivorous pachyderm with one or two horns)


keledai

kêlêdai (canonical)
keledai-keledai (plural)

From Malay keledai, ultimately from Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai, “donkey”).


babirusa

From babi (“pig”) + rusa (“deer”), from the resemblance of the tusks to antlers.


Rabu

From Malay Rabu, from Classical Malay Rabu, from Arabic الأَرْبَعَاء (al-ʔarbaʕāʔ).

der

الأَرْبَعَاء

Arabic الأَرْبَعَاء (al-ʔarbaʕāʔ)


Senin

From Malay Isnin, Senin, Senayan,
from Classical Malay اثنين (Isnain), اثنين (Isnin), اثنين (Ithnain), اثنين (Ithnin), from Arabic الاِثْنَيْن (al-iṯnayn). Influenced by Betawi Senen.


Kamis

From Malay Khamis, Kamis, from Classical Malay خميس (Khamis, “Thursday”), خميس (Kamis), from Arabic الخَمِيس (al-ḵamīs). Standard spelling influenced by Betawi Kamis.


Jumat

From Malay Jumaat, Jumat, from Classical Malay جمعة (Jumaat, “Friday”), from Arabic اَلْجُمْعَةُ (al-jumʕatu).

der

اَلْجُمْعَةُ


mutiara

From Malay mutiara, from Sanskrit मुत्यहार (mutyahāra) as मुत्य (mutya, “pearl”) + हार (hāra, “garland”).


minyak

From Malay minyak, from Proto-Malayic *miñak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *məñak.

oil (petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant)


sendok

→ Laboya: sodeka

From Malay senduk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinduk (“spoon, ladle”). Cognate to Sundanese ᮞᮦᮔ᮪ᮓᮧᮊ᮪ (séndok).


inframerah

inframérah (canonical)
inframerah-inframerah (plural)

From infra- (“infra-”) + merah (“red”). Calque of English infrared.


obeng

Possibly from Hokkien, possibly 窩鋒／窝锋 (o-hong) or Javanese ubêng.


gergaji

/ɡərˈɡad͡ʒi/

From Malay gergaji, from Sanskrit क्रकच (krakaca, “saw”).

saw: a tool with a toothed blade used for cutting hard substances, in particular wood or metal.


piring

Inherited from Malay piring, from Classical Persian پرنگ (piring, “copper”).

der

plate (flat dish from which food is served)


kujang

Borrowed from Sundanese ᮊᮥᮏᮀ (kujang), inherited from Old Sundanese kūjang.

A sword-like weapon of Sundanese people originates from the Sundanese region in West Java.


tukang daging

id-noun

tukang daging (plural tukang-tukang daging)

butcher (a person who prepares and sells meat)


tanda tangan

tanda tangan (plural tanda-tanda tangan)

Compound of tanda (“sign”) + tangan (“hand”), calque of Dutch handtekening (“signature”, literally “hand sign”).


labu

From Malay labu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *labuq₂ (“the bottle gourd: Lagenaria siceraria”); reconstructed by Robert Blust (compare Tboli labuk (“the bottle gourd: Lagenaria siceraria”), Central Dusun hobuʔ (“calabash, type of gourd”)); alternatively, from Sanskrit अलाबु (alābu). Note that the reconstruction by Blust explained the final plosive in Tboli and Dusun that a derivation from Sanskrit cannot explain.

cog

Labu Erlenmeyer


patung

Malayan leaffish (Pristolepis fasciata).


pramugari

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦩꦸꦒꦫꦶ n (pramugari, “leader”). Equivalent to pra- + *mugara.

bor

any female attendant
female train attendant

any female attendant
female ship attendant


peniti

From Portuguese alfinete (“safety pin”), from Andalusian Arabic اَلْخِلَال (al-ḵilāl), from Arabic خِلَال (ḵilāl, “pin, peg”).


samudra

Inherited from Malay samudera, from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).

ocean (one of the five large bodies of water)


lampu

From Dutch lamp (“lamp”), from Middle Dutch lampe, from Old French lampe, from Latin lampas (“lamp; torch; lantern”), from Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás, “torch; lamp”), from λάμπω (lámpō, “shine”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂p- (“glow”). Doublet of lampion.


paru-paru

From Malay paru-paru, equivalent to reduplication of paru.

(anatomy) lung (organ that extracts oxygen from the air)


truk

From English truck, truckle, related to Latin trochus (“iron hoop, wheel”), from Ancient Greek τροχός (trokhós).


pantas

From Malay pantas (“quick; fast; skilled; experienced”), from Classical Malay pantas, from Old Javanese pantĕs (“fitting, appropriate; in accordance with all the rules”). Semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦱ꧀ (pantes, “appropriate”).


bakpao

→ Dutch: bapao

From Xiamen Hokkien 肉包 (bah-pao), from 肉 (bah, “meat, flesh; pork”) + 包 (pao, “baozi”).

baozi, a steamed stuffed bun with various fillings such as meat, bean paste, vegetables


saudari

(formal, used for women of equal status) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours

saudara

used for people of either gender of equal status

bapak

father; lit. ; used for men of higher status

ibu

mother; lit. ; used for women of higher status


pengacara

From peng- + acara (“court examination”).

a professional person with a graduate law degree that qualifies for legal work (such as Juris Doctor)

a professional person qualified (as by a law degree or bar exam) and authorized to practice law as an attorney-at-law, solicitor, advocate, barrister or equivalent, i.e. represent parties in lawsuits or trials and give legal advice


diagnosa

From earlier diagnose, from Dutch diagnose, from French diagnose. Ultimately from Latin diagnōsis, from Ancient Greek διάγνωσις (diágnōsis). Doublet of diagnose and diagnosis.


rantai

From Malay rantai, from Old Javanese rantay (“chain; rope; circular flower arrangement”).

der

a series of interconnected rings or links usually made of metal

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) a number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule

(figuratively) shackles (a restraint on one's action, activity, or progress)


rantai

head

rantai (active merantai, passive dirantai, perfective passive terantai)

merantai (active)
dirantai (passive)
terantai (passive perfective)

(transitive) to chain
to fasten something with a chain

(transitive) to chain
to secure someone with fetters


cat kuku

cat (“paint”) + kuku (“nail”), literally “nails paint”.


siar

siar (root)
menyiari (active locative)
tersiari (involuntary locative)
disiari (involuntary locative passive)
siari (locative)
siarilah (locative)
menyiarkan (active applicative causative)
tersiarkan (applicative causative)
disiarkan (applicative causative passive)
siarkan (applicative causative)
siarkanlah (applicative causative)
mempersiar (active causative)
terpersiar (active causative involuntary)
dipersiar (active causative involuntary passive)
persiarkan (active causative)
persiarlah (active causative)
mempersiari (active causative locative)
terpersiari (causative involuntary locative)
dipersiari (causative involuntary locative passive)
persiari (causative locative)
persiarilah (causative locative)
mempersiarkan (active applicative causative)
terpersiarkan (applicative causative)
dipersiarkan (applicative causative passive)
persiarkan (applicative causative)
persiarkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay siar, from Arabic شِعَار (šiʕār).


siar

Back-formation from pesiar (“to travel in leisure”), from Portuguese passear (“to travel in leisure”), from Latin passus (“step”), from pandō (“I stretch”).


pasien

pasièn (canonical)
pasien-pasien (plural)

From Dutch patiënt (compare Afrikaans pasiënt, Papiamentu pashènt), from Middle French patient, from Old French pacient, from Latin patiens, present participle of pati (“to suffer, endure”); akin to Greek πάσχειν (páskhein, “to suffer”); see pathos.

(healthcare, formal) patient, a person or animal who receives treatment from a doctor or other medically educated person.


tembakau

têmbakau (canonical)
tembakau-tembakau (plural)

From Malay tembakau, from Hindi तंबाकू (tambākū) or Urdu تمباکو, from Persian تنباکو (tanbâku), either from Arabic طَبَاق (ṭabāq, “a type of medicinal herb”), also طُبَاق (ṭubāq), or from a Taíno word meaning "roll of tobacco leaves" or "a pipe for smoking tobacco".


enzim

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch enzym, from German Enzym, coined 1878 by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne from Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in”) + ζύμη (zúmē, “sourdough”).

affix

(biochemistry) enzyme: a globular protein that catalyses a biological chemical reaction.


pijat

From Javanese pijet (ꦥꦶꦗꦼꦠ꧀, “massage”).