umi

From Malay umi, from Arabic أُمِّيّ (ʔummiyy), the relative adjective (nisba) composed of أُمّ (ʔumm, “mother”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).


delusional

head

delusional (comparative lebihdelusional, superlative paling delusional)

lebihdelusional (comparative)
paling delusional (superlative)


joie de vivre

Unadapted borrowing from French joie de vivre (literally “joy of living”).


sangria

Borrowed from Spanish sangría, derivative of sangre (“blood”), from Latin sanguis.

(cooking) sangria: a cold drink, originating in Spain, consisting of red or white wine, brandy or sherry, fruit juice, sugar and soda water and garnished with orange and other fruit.


SR

(uncountable) Initialism of skala Richter (“Richter scale”).

sekolah rakyat
sekolah rakyat#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah rakyat.

sekolah rendah
sekolah rendah#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah rendah.


wudu

Inherited from Malay [Term?] (Standard Malay wuduk), from Arabic وُضُوء (wuḍūʔ).

form of ritual washing of the forearms, head, and feet, required after minor impurity, frequently performed immediately before prayer

the state of purity that is achieved by this washing


santa

Borrowed from Portuguese santa (“female saint”), from Old Galician-Portuguese santa. See the entry santo for more information.


tante

From Malay tante, from Dutch tante, from Middle French tante, from Old French ante, from Latin amita, from Proto-Indo-European *amma-.

(colloquial) aunt (a parent’s sister or sister-in-law)


barbel

(sports) barbell: a wide steel bar with premeasured weights affixed to either end, with the central span open for the hands of the weightlifter.


stele

From English stele, from 1886 French stèle, from Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “upright rock; pillar; column”).

der

(botany) stele, the central core of a plant's root and stem system, especially including the vascular tissue and developed from the plerome.


seng

→ Ternate: seng

Borrowed from Dutch zink. Compare to its cognate Afrikaans sink (“zinc”).


advokat

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch advocaat, from Middle Dutch advocaet, from Latin advocātus, from the verb advocō (“to summon”).


doktor

Borrowed from Dutch doctor (“doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)”), from Middle Dutch doctor, from Latin doctor (“teacher, instructor”). Doublet of dokter.

bor

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


kista

Learned borrowing from Latin cista, from Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis).

(pathology) cyst: a pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which develops in one of the natural cavities or in the substance of an organ.


bak

kedua anak muda itu wajahnya mirip, bak pinang dibelah dua


bak

From Hokkien 墨 (ba̍k, “ink; Chinese ink”).


bros

From Dutch broche, from French broche, from Old French broche, from Vulgar Latin brocca, feminine substantive of Classical Latin broccus (“pointy-toothed or prominent-toothed”), ultimately from Gaulish.

der

brooch, piece of women’s ornamental jewellery having a pin allowing it to be fixed to garments worn on the upper body.


folio

(accounting) folio (a page in an account book)


Olivia

Olivia Lubis Jensen, b. 1993

a female given name from English, equivalent to English Olivia


Priscilla

Priscilla "Pica Priscilla" Febrita Wiriahardja, b. 1988

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Priscilla


lamina

Ultimately from Latin lamina, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *stelh₃- (“broad, to broaden”). Possibly through Portuguese lâmina or Spanish lámina (“sheet”).


ameba

From Dutch amoebe, from Ancient Greek ἀμοιβή (amoibḗ, “change”), referring to constantly changing shape of these organisms.

amoeba, ameba: a member of the genus Amoeba of unicellular protozoa that moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopodia.


eka-

From Malay eka-, from Sanskrit एक (eka).


chalet

Unadapted borrowing from French chalet, from Franco-Provençal çhalè (“herdsman's hut in the mountains”), from Old Franco-Provençal chaslet, diminutive of chasel (“farmhouse”), from Late Latin casalis (“house-like, house-related”), from Latin casa (“house”).

(architecture) chalet: an alpine style of wooden building with a sloping roof and overhanging eaves.


baja

From Malay waja (“steel”), which doublet of waja,
* from Sanskrit वाज (vāja, “strength”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wā́ȷ́as, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́ȷ́as, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“lively”). Doublet of vigili.
* from Sauraseni Prakrit vajja, from Sanskrit वज्र (vajra, “thunderbolt”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“strong, lively”).
The sense of teeth blackening material is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦮꦗ (waja).

(figurative) something that is hard and strong


baja

From Malay baja (“manure”), from Sanskrit वाज (vāja, “sacrificial food or prayer”).

Bangkai manusia akan terhantar di tanah seperti baja di padang.

Human corpses will fall like manure on the surface of the field.


baja

bintara remaja
bintara remaja#Indonesian


lata

to move slowly with the abdomen close to the ground.

of plants, to grow across a surface rather than upwards.


lata

From Sanskrit लट (laṭa, “fault, defect, thief”).


imbang

From Malay imbang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *imbaŋ (“weigh, balance, compare”).


imbang

(archaic) synonym of bimbang (“uncertain, doubtful, hesitant”).


canapé

Unadapted borrowing from French canapé, from Old French conopé, conope (later altered in form and meaning based on Medieval Latin canāpēum, alteration of canōpēum (“mosquito net”)), itself from Latin cōnōpēum (“seat with a canopy”), from Ancient Greek κωνωπεῖον (kōnōpeîon), from κώνωψ (kṓnōps, “mosquito”).

(cooking) canapé: an hors d’oeuvre, a bite-sized open-faced sandwich made of thin bread or toast topped with savory garnish.


flambe

From French flambé, flamber, from Old French flammer, from Latin flamma.

(cooking) flambé: a showy cooking technique where an alcoholic beverage, such as brandy, is added to hot food and then the fumes are ignited.


bahar

From Sanskrit भार (bhāra). Cognate of Arabic بُهَار (buhār).

(archaic) a measure of weight widely used in Southeast Asia


x

The twenty-fourth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


x

(text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of -nya.


esa

From Malay esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa and *isa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa and *isa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa and *isa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa and *isa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa and *isa (“one”).


rendezvous

Unadapted borrowing from French rendez-vous (“appointment”).

ubor

a place appointed for a meeting, or at which persons customarily meet.


kendo

Borrowed from Japanese 剣道 (kendō, “the way of the sword”), from Middle Chinese 劍 (kjæ̀m, “sword”) + 道 (dáu, “way”).

bor

(sports) A Japanese martial art using "swords" of split bamboo.


apnea

From English apnea, from the New Latin apnoea, from the Ancient Greek ἄπνοια (ápnoia), formed from ἀ- (a-, “absence of”) + πνοή (pnoḗ, “breathing”).


rama

From Malay rama, from Classical Malay rama.

(Catholicism) standard spelling of romo (“priest”).


anamnesis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάμνησις (anámnēsis, “remembrance”), verbal noun of ἀναμιμνήσκω (anamimnḗskō), from ἀνα- (ana-) + μιμνῄσκω (mimnḗiskō, “call to mind”).

affix

(medicine, psychology) the medical history of a patient

anamnesis
the medical history of a patient

(Catholicism) a liturgical statement in which the Church refers to the memorial character of the Eucharist or to the Passion, Resurrection and Ascension of Christ


modal

From Malay modal, from Tamil முதல் (mutal, “principal, fund, capital, money yielding interest”).

der

money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.

(figuratively) goods available for use as a factor of production, such as steam shovels (equipment) and office buildings (structures).


accent grave

id-noun

accent grave (plural accent-accent grave)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accent grave (“grave accent”), from unadapted borrowing from French accent grave (“grave accent”).


posting

(colloquial, Internet) posting: a message posted to a computerized bulletin board, a newsgroup, a blog, etc.


pori

From Dutch porie, from French pore, der Old French pore, from Latin porus, from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).

pore: a tiny opening in the skin; small openings.


kasa

→ Balinese: ᬓᬲ (kasa)

Inherited from Malay kasa (“gauze”), from Persian خاصه (xâsa, “fine cotton cloth of a close texture, called cossas”).


kasa

From Dutch kassa (“cash desk, cash register”), from Italian cassa, from Latin capsa.


kasa

(archaic) alternative spelling of angkasa (“sky”).


Amelia

Amelia Anggraini, b. 1971

a female given name from English, equivalent to English Amelia


maharaja

Affixed maha- + raja, from Malay maharaja, from Sanskrit महाराज (mahārāja).


demokrasi

démokrasi (canonical)
demokrasi-demokrasi (plural)

From Malay demokrasi, from Dutch democratie or demokratie, from Middle French democratie, from Medieval Latin democratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía). Cognate of Afrikaans demokrasie.

(government, politics) democracy (rule by the people)


dohyo

(sumo) The ring, made of compacted clay, in which a sumo wrestling match is held.


depot

From Dutch depot, either from French dépôt or Middle French deposte, from Latin dēpositus.

depot: a storage facility, in particular, a warehouse.

alternative spelling of depo (“motive power depot, traction maintenance depot, railway depot”).


ikura

From Japanese イクラ (ikura, “salmon roe, salmon eggs”), from Russian икра́ (ikrá, “fish eggs, caviar”), from Proto-Slavic *jьkrā, from Proto-Indo-European *ikʷ(e)r- (“fish egg”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥ (“liver”).


cuma

From Malay cuma, from Tamil சும்மா (cummā, “lazily, idly, leisurely; just for fun, without any reason, just because”).


harmonika

From Dutch mondharmonica, from German Mundharmonika.

(music) harmonica: a musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note.


tara

From Malay tara, from Classical Malay tara (“equal”), probably from Old Javanese tara (“excellence, superiority”).


tara

nailed wooden tools for making lines on wood.


tara

Unknown. Possibly from Sanskrit तर (tara, “surpassing, excelling”). Compare to Indonesian tera (“stamp, seal”).


tara

From Dutch tarra, from Italian tara, from Medieval Latin tara, from Arabic طَرْح (ṭarḥ, “rubbish, refuse”), from طَرَحَ (ṭaraḥa, “reject, deduct”).

tare (the empty weight of a container; the tare weight or unladen weight)


moeda

(1901–1947) Superseded spelling of muda.


tua

From Malay tua, tuha, from Classical Malay tua, tuha, from Proto-Malayic *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *tuha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)tuqah, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)tuqaS.

old (of a living being: having lived for relatively many years)

ripe (ready for reaping or gathering, of fruits and seeds)


paun

pound sterling, The currency of the United Kingdom.


masin

From Proto-Malayic *(mA-)hasin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qasin, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)qasiN.


masin

Nonstandard spelling of mesin (“machine”).


liana

From English liana, from French liane, influenced by lien (“link, bond”).

(botany) liana: a climbing woody vine, usually tropical.


taiko

From Chinese 大君, from Japanese 大君(たいくん) (taikun). Doublet of taikun.

tycoon: a wealthy and powerful business person.


taiko

From Chinese Hokkien 癩哥／癞哥 (thái-ko, “leprosy”).


testing

Unadapted borrowing from English testing.


bonafide

From Dutch bonafide, from Latin bonā fidē (“in good faith”).


sirocco

(geology) sirocco: a hot and often strong southerly to southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean that originates in the Sahara and adjacent North African regions.


laptop

(computing) laptop, laptop computer: a portable computer that is small enough and light enough to be used on one's lap, but large enough to have an integrated keyboard.


terjemah

From Malay terjemah, from Classical Malay ترجمه (terjemah), from Arabic تَرْجَمَة (tarjama, “to interpret, translate”).


terjemah

head

terjemah (used in the form menerjemahkan)


force majeure

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from French force majeure.


magnetometer

Internationalism, borrowed from English magnetometer.


bokep

From BF + -ok-, from English "blue film". BF was pronounced "beh ep" in pidgin Indonesian.

ngebokep

active intransitive verb using the affix me-V


dara

From Malay dara, from Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.

inh

female cattle that are more than one year old and have never given birth even though they are pregnant


dara

From Malay dara, possibly from Old Javanese dara, darā.

Columba domestica
Columba domestica#Translingual


carte blanche

id-noun

carte blanche (plural carte-carte blanche)

Unadapted borrowing from French carte blanche.

ubor

carte blanche: unlimited discretionary power to act; unrestricted authority.


pari

From Malay pari, from Proto-Malayic *pari(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀih, from Proto-Austronesian *paʀiS.

ray (marine fish with a flat body, large wing-like fins, and a whip-like tail)


dana

From Malay dana, from Classical Malay dana, from Sanskrit धन (dhana, “money”).

cost: amount of money that is required or used.


dana

From Malay dana, from Classical Malay dana, from Sanskrit दान (dāna, “generosity, giving”).


aggiornamento

Unadapted borrowing from Italian aggiornamento (“update, updating; adjournment, recess”).

ubor

(Roman Catholicism) aggiornamento: bringing up to date, especially of the Roman Catholic Church by the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65


akasa

Alternative spelling of angkasa (“sky, atmosphere, space”).


riba

Inherited from Malay riba (“lap”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *riba (“lap”). Cognate with Buginese riwa and Selaru riha.

(obsolete) to lap: to hold as in one's lap; to rest or recline in someone's lap, or as in a lap.


riba

Inherited from Malay riba (“ursury”), from Arabic رِبًا (riban).


tras

(geology) trass (a white to grey volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders, sometimes used as a cement)

trass (a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and other reservoirs of water)


dak

From Dutch dak, from Middle Dutch dac, from Old Dutch thak, from Proto-Germanic *þaką.

roof (the top external level of a building)


dak

(chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of tidak


hoek

(1901–1947, also colloquial) Alternative spelling of huk


komen

From English comment, either directly or via Malay komen, from Middle English coment, from Old French coment (“commentary”), from Late Latin commentum, from comminisci (“to invent”). Doublet of komentar.

(Internet, colloquial) comment (spoken or written remark)


bui

From Dutch boei (“buoy, shackle”), from Middle Dutch boeye, from Old French boie (“fetter, chain, clog”), from Latin boia (“(leather) collar, band, fetter”).


kado

From Dutch cadeau (informal spelling kado), from French cadeau, from Old Occitan capdel (“ornament”), from Latin capitellum.


kok

Borrowed from English cock (“shuttlecock”, literally “cock”), from Middle English cok, from Old English coc, cocc (“cock, male bird”), from Proto-West Germanic *kokk, from Proto-Germanic *kukkaz (“cock”), probably of onomatopoeic origin.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

cock, shuttlecock: a lightweight object that is conical in shape with a cork or rubber-covered nose, used in badminton the way a ball is used in other racquet games.


kok

Sudah malam kok masih bekerja!

It's late and you're still working! (It's late, why are you still working?)

Saya kok belum dijemput?

Bagaimana sih kamu, ada teman lagi bingung kok malah dibiarkan.

What is it with you... you've got a friend who doesn't know what to do and all you do is ignore him.

(mood). Adds mood, atmosphere, or the speaker's attitude to an expression. At the beginning of a sentence kok often indicates surprise that something is contrary to what is expected. It often implies the question "why?". Why is it that?; Why haven't you?

Bukan saya yang mengambil kok.

Kalau memang kamu tidak bisa membantu ya tidak apa-apa kok.

If you really can't help it doesn't matter, right.

Memang sulit kok, benar-benar sulit.

(emphasis). At the end of a sentence or clause kok adds emphasis, usually (but not always) with a mild tone of hurt, irritation, or outrage, sometimes (but not always) implying rejection or denial of what another person has said. It can sometimes be translated with the following phrases in English. "you know" or "of course"


kans

From Dutch kans (“chance”), from Old Northern French cance, from Vulgar Latin *cadentia, from cadō (“to fall”), referring to the falling of dice.

(statistics) odds (the ratio of the probability of an event happening to that of it not happening)


afspraak

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch afspraak (“agreement”).


dus

box (a cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container)


dus

(colloquial, rare) shower (a device for bathing by which water is made to fall on the body from a height)


beker

From Dutch beker, from Middle Dutch beker, from Latin bicarium.


ster

Unknown, probably from Dutch sterkst (“strongest”), sterk (“strong”).

(chess, colloquial) queen: the most powerful piece, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.


periode

From Dutch periode, from Middle French periode, from Latin periodus, from Ancient Greek περίοδος (períodos).

period (a length of time in history seen as a single coherent entity)

(chemistry) period (a row in the periodic table of the elements)

(mathematics) period (the length of a repeating interval of a periodic function or repeating decima)


simpel

From Dutch simpel, from Old French and French simple, from Latin simplex (“simple”, literally “onefold”) (as opposed to duplex (“double”, literally “twofold”)), from semel (“the same”) + plicō (“I fold”). Doublet of simpleks.


teja

From Malay teja, from Pali teja, from Sanskrit तेजस् (tejas, “light”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *táyȷ́as, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)téyg-os (“sharpness”).

An afterglow; glow seen in the sky after sunset.


titel

From Dutch titel, from Old French title (Modern French titre), from Latin titulus.

A prefix (honorific) or suffix (post-nominal) added to a person's name to signify either veneration, official position or a professional or academic qualification.

The name of a book, film, musical piece, painting, or other work of art.


gemak

buttonquail (Any of several species of small terrestrial birds, principally in the genus Turnix of the family Turnicidae)


per-

head

pêr (non-active/imperative/basic per-, active memper-, passive diper-)

pêr (canonical)
memper- (active)
diper- (passive)

Inherited from Malay per-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-.
* comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).

ncog

per- + buat (“to do [something]”) → perbuat (“do [something]”)

causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of a transitive verb

per- + besar (“big”) → perbesar (“make bigger something big”)

causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective

per- + istri (“wife”) → peristri (“take as wife, marry”)

imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]

per- + ajar (“to teach”) → pelajar (“learner”)

per- + kerja (“to work”) → pekerja (“worker”)

nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber-

per- + dua (“two”) → perdua


kuil

From Malay kuil, from Tamil கோயில் (kōyil). Cognate of English kovil.

temple, a house of worship of religions, except for Balinese Hinduism (pura).

shrine, a holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which said figure is venerated or worshipped.


sigaret

From Dutch sigaret, from French cigarette.


regimen

(medicine) regimen: any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation.


dup

From Dutch dope, dopen, from Middle Dutch dôpen, from Old Dutch dōpen, from Proto-Germanic *daupijaną.


demi

(by extension) In the name of (something/someone).

For the sake of, for something's sake.
In the name of (something/someone).

Per, by; to each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).

(uncommon) When, whereupon, after which.

(uncommon, literary or archaic) As if, as though


mau-mau

head

mau-mau (active memau-mau, passive dimau-mau, perfective passive termau-mau)

memau-mau (active)
dimau-mau (passive)
termau-mau (passive perfective)

synonym of peringin (“to make or to cause to want”)


chaperon

Unadapted borrowing from French chaperon (“chaperon”), from Old French, from chape (“head covering”) as the women who acted as chaperones wore head coverings.

ubor

chaperon: an adult who accompanies or supervises one or more young, unmarried men or women during social occasions, usually with the specific intent of preventing some types of social or sexual interactions or illegal behavior.


sakura

From Japanese 桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry tree”).


jalan

Inherited from Malay jalan, from Proto-Malayic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan. Doublet of jalang.
* Displaced Dutch weg (“way, road”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.
Cognates
* Cebuano dalan
* Chamorro chalan
* Iban jalai
* Pattani Malay جالٍي (jalɛ)
* Tagalog daan
* Urak Lawoi' ยฺาลัด (jalat)

intermediary (a person or tool in an intermediate position)

forward and backward movement of a vehicle

running (the sustainability of a company, organization, association, etc.)


ganja

From Malay ganja, from Sanskrit गञ्जा (gañjā, “hemp”).


ganja

From Javanese ꦒꦚ꧀ꦗ (ganja) and Sundanese [Term?], from Old Javanese gañja.


ganja

A teenager's voice as it becomes heavier during puberty


ahimsa

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अहिंसा (ahiṃsā).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) ahimsa: A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.


kampang

From a Lampung language. Cognate with Malay gampang.

(dialect, vulgar) a contemptible person; bastard, asshole, motherfucker


sambal

From Malay sambal, from Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (sambel), probably from Tamil சம்பால் (campāl), and Sanskrit सम्बार (sambāra, “spices”).

sambal: a hot relish made from chili peppers and other ingredients.


gana

Alternative spelling of ganar (“confused, mad”)


gana

(archaic) decorative form in the form of a small child


gana

(dialect, Riau) to carry something together, one person carrying it in front, one person behind


gana

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦤ (gana, “bee larvae”), from Old Javanese gaṇa (“host, group; a kind of demi-god; number; a certain military subdivision”), from Sanskrit गण (gaṇa, “flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class (of animate or inanimate beings), body of followers or attendants”).


tako

Borrowed from English taco (“Mexican snack food”), from Spanish taco (“light lunch”, literally “stopper, plug, wad”).

der

(cooking) taco: a Mexican snack food made of a small tortilla (soft- or hard-shelled) filled with ingredients such as meat, rice, beans, cheese, diced vegetables and salsa.


hafiz

Derived from Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ), present participle of حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa, “to guard, know by heart”).


ganas

(pathology) virulent: of a disease or disease-causing agent: highly infectious, malignant, or deadly.


kultur

From Dutch cultuur (“culture”), from Middle French culture (“cultivation; culture”), from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, worship”) (related to colōnus and colōnia), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

practices and beliefs particular to a society or group.

tillage of crops, collection of (micro-)organisms; cultivation


latah

From Malay latah, from Sanskrit लता (latā, “streak, childish”).

(psychiatry, psychology) latah: a condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility.

behaves in a stereotypically other nation manner as imitation in attitude, deed, or habit.


variola

From Medieval Latin or Medical Latin variola, from Latin varius.

(pathology) variola, smallpox: An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.


adenoma

(pathology) adenoma: a benign tumour of the epithelium arising from or resembling a gland.


menorah

From Hebrew מְנוֹרָה (m'norá). Doublet of menara and minaret.


metastasis

Learned borrowing from Late Latin metastasis, from Ancient Greek μετάστασις (metástasis, “removal, change”), from μεθίστημι (methístēmi, “to remove, to change”). Doublet of metastase.

der

(chemistry) a change in nature, form, or quality.

metastasis:
a change in nature, form, or quality.

(medicine, oncology) the transference of a bodily function or disease to another part of the body, specifically the development of a secondary area of disease remote from the original site, as with some cancers.


primordial

Borrowed from Dutch primordiaal (“primordial”).


abid

From Malay abid, from Classical Malay عابد (abid), from Arabic أَبَدِيّ (ʔabadiyy). Doublet of abadi.


abid

From Malay abid, from Classical Malay عابد (abid), from Arabic عَبِيد (ʕabīd), plural of عَبْد (ʕabd).


abid

From Arabic عَابِد (ʕābid), active participle of عَبَدَ (ʕabada).


platina

From Dutch platina, from Spanish platina (“platinum”), diminutive of plata (“silver”), from Vulgar Latin *platta, *plattus, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “wide”).


cuek

Popularized by Ruth Sahanaya in her 80s hit Astaga!; probably derived from Malay cuai (“negligent”).

Dia orangnya cuek. / He is an easy-going person.


cuek

Active Transitive Verb with affix me-V-i

Kamu kok nyuekin gue?

Gue dicuekin dia.

Dia cuek aja, padahal ceweknya selingkuh.

He's taking it easy although his girlfriend is having an affair.


doi

From the word dia (“third person subject, he or she”) transformed by inserting letter ‘o’ in the middle and deleting the final letter ‘a.’ (It was later transformed into doski.)


doi

(colloquial) third-person singular pronoun, he or she.


garing

Kerupuk ini garing.


garing

Sejujurnya, leluconmu garing sekali.


jayus

a joke that amuses because it is so unfunny or poorly told.


jijay

synonym of jijik (“disgusted; disgusting”)


toko

→ Tetum: toko

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

toko buku

toko kelontong

toko serba ada

Walaupun kalau saya berkunjung ke tanahair, selalu menyempatkan diri ke toko buku. Tapi banyak buku yang diterbitkan apalagi kalau karya sastera‒tak sampai ke toko buku. Saya sering dengar bahwa toko buku kita umumnya tidak mau memberi tempat buat buku sastera. Tentu karena minat masyarakat terhadap sastera kecil sekali.

2008 [1997 July 10], Ajip Rosidi, Yang datang telanjang: Surat-surat Ajip Rosidi dari Jepang, 1980-2002 [That came naked: Letters of Ajip Rosidi from Japan, 1980-2002] (non-fiction), Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, →ISBN, Kepada Lazuardi Anwar, page 574:

Even when I visited my homeland, I often take my time to go to bookshops. However, many books that are published, especially those that are literary works‒do not reach the bookshops. I often hear that our bookshops generally do not want to give space for literature books. Surely because community interest towards literature is very small.

Alfamart melalui program Alfamind mengajak masyarakat untuk menjadi wirausaha dengan membuka toko secara virtual. Melalui aplikasi ini, siapa pun bisa saja menjadi pemilik toko hanya dengan berjualan melalui aplikasi smartphone.

2018 July 10, “Masyarakat Diajak Buka Toko Virtual [Community Invited to Set Up Virtual Shops]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-29:

Alfamart, through the Alfamind program, invites the community to become entrepreneurs by setting up shops virtually. Through this application, anyone can also become a shop owner just by selling through a smartphone application.

pertokoan [causative passive + resultative


arbitrator

Learned borrowing from Latin arbitrātor.


cabe

(colloquial) alternative spelling of cabai


da capo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian da capo.

ubor

(music) from scratch; from the beginning; from the top


dokter

→ Balinese: ᬤᭀᬓ᭄ᬢᭂᬃ (dokter)

→ Javanese: ꦝꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ (dhokter)

→ Minangkabau: doto, dotor

→ Nias: doto

→ Sundanese: ᮓᮧᮊ᮪ᮒᮨᮁ (dokter)

→ Ternate: dokter

Borrowed from Dutch dokter (“doctor (physician, medical doctor)”), from doctor, from Middle Dutch doctoor, from Latin doctor (“teacher, instructor”). Doublet of doktor.

bor

doctor, a physician; a member of the medical profession; one who is trained and licensed to heal the sick or injured.


marmer

marmêr (canonical)
marmer-marmer (plural)

From Dutch marmer, from Middle Dutch marmer, from Latin marmor, from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros).


rallentando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian rallentando.


ritenuto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian ritenuto.


brevet

brèvèt (canonical)
brevet-brevet (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch brevet, from Middle Dutch brevete, from Middle French brevet.

A formal document, such as a certificate or licence.

A permit or licence allowing one to use certain vehicles or engage in certain activities, now especially in relation to aircraft.


debit

From Dutch debiet (“discharge, flowrate”), from French débit (“flow, rate of flow, discharge”), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).


debit

A semantic loan from English debit, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).
* Displaced earlier debet, which was loanword from Dutch debet.

In bookkeeping, an entry in the left hand column of an account.

A sum of money taken out of a bank account. Thus called, because in bank's bookkeeping a cash withdrawal diminishes the amount of money held on the account, i.e. bank's debt to the customer.

(accounting) receivable: a debt owed, usually to a business, from the perspective of that business.


koridor

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch corridor, from French corridor, from Italian corridore (“long passage”) (= corridoio), from correre (“to run”).

A narrow hall or passage with rooms leading off it, as in a building or in a railway carriage.

A restricted tract of land that allows passage between two places.


salon

From Dutch salon, from French salon, from Middle French, from Italian salone (“large hall”), augmented form of sala (“hall”), from Lombardic sala (“room, house, entrance hall”), from Proto-Germanic *salą (“dwelling, house, hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”).

A large room, especially one used to receive and entertain guests.

A beauty salon or similar establishment.


Shinto

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 神道 (shintō), from Middle Chinese 神道 (MC zyin dawX, “ways of the gods”), ultimately from Old Chinese 神道 (OC *hlin l'uːʔ, “ways [doings] of Heaven [in matters of fortune or fate]”).

och-l

ways 􂀿doings􂁀 of Heaven 􂀿in matters of fortune or fate􂁀

Shinto (formerly the state religion of Japan, a type of animism involving the worship of ancestors and nature spirits in Japan)


merak

From Malay merak, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Aslian.


Brahma

(Hinduism) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.


hia

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris#Translingual


sultan

From Malay sultan, from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).


tribune

From Dutch tribune, from French tribune, from Latin tribunus.


tatami

From Japanese 畳(たたみ) (tatami, “tatami mat”).


carter

From English charter, from Middle English charter, chartre, from Old French chartre, from Latin chartula (diminutive of charta).

to charter: to lease or hire something by charter.


séance

Unadapted borrowing from French séance (“session”), from Latin sedentia.


bestir

bêstir (canonical)
bestir-bestir (plural)

(colloquial, uncommon) management (the executives of an organisation)


wushu

Unadapted borrowing from Mandarin 武術／武术 (wǔshù, “martial techniques”).


timbal

head

timbal (active menimbal, passive ditimbal)


timbal

From Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (timbel, “lead; tin”).


atjar

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of acar.


obsidian

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch obsidiaan, from Latin obsidianus.


jung

Inherited from Malay jong, from possibly either:
* Javanese ꦗꦺꦴꦁ (jong, “ship”)
* Hokkien 船 (chûn, “ship; watercraft; vessel”) or Teochew 船 (zung⁵, “ship; watercraft; vessel”)
See also cunia.


jung

(history) a unit of land area measurement equals 28,386 m² or four bau.


besar

head

bêsar (comparative lebih besar, superlative paling besar or terbesar, equative sebesar)

bêsar (canonical)
lebih besar (comparative)
paling besar (superlative)
terbesar (superlative)
sebesar (equative)

Inherited from Malay besar, from Proto-Malayic *bəsar.

large (of considerable or relatively great size or extent)

(figuratively) powerful; (having, or capable of exerting, power or influence)


besar

(transitive, figuratively) to grow up (to mature and become an adult)

(transitive, figuratively) to become more mature


besar

size (the dimensions or magnitude of a thing; how big something is)


tipi

From English teepee, from the Lakota thípi.


kos

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”). Compare to Malay kos (“cost”).


kos

(colloquial) to rent a place to live or lodge


Betawi

→ English: Betawi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦠꦮꦶ (Batawi), from Dutch Batavia, from Latin Batavia, from Proto-Germanic *Batawjō.

(ethnologically) The ethnic group native to Jakarta (formerly known as Batavia), and some part of West Java and Banten.

(linguistically) The native language spoken by Betawi people.

(Betawi Melayu) The Malay-influenced dialect in Betawi language spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.

(Betawi Ora) The Javanese-influenced dialect in Betawi language spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.

(Betawi Udik) The Sundanese-influenced dialect in Betawi language spoken by sub-group of Betawi ethnic.


PDI

Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
w:id:Partai Demokrasi Indonesia

(Indonesian politics, historical) Initialism of Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (“Indonesian Democratic Party”).

Perang Dunia I
Perang Dunia I#Indonesian

Abbreviation of Perang Dunia I (“World War I”): WWI


jaga

From Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ).

(transitive) to watch over, to keep, to guard


dolar

From Dutch dollar, from English dollar, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally "of Joachimstal," the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic).


intern

From Dutch intern, from French interne (“inner, internal”), from Latin internus (“within, internal”), from inter (“between”).


honda

A genericized trademark of the Japanese trademark Honda, from Japanese ホンダ or 本田(ほんだ) (honda).


sponsor

a person or organisation with some sort of responsibility for another person or organisation, especially where the responsibility has a religious, legal, or financial aspect.

one that pays all or part of the cost of an event, a publication, or a media program, usually in exchange for advertising time.

the state or practice of being a sponsor.

the aid or support provided by a sponsor; backing or patronage.


velum

(anatomy, linguistics) velum: the soft palate.

veil: a covering for a person or thing; as, a caul.


velum

From English vellum, from Old French velin (Modern French vélin), from Latin vitulinus (“of a calf”).

vellum: a type of parchment paper made from the skin of a lamb, baby goat, or calf.


nori

Borrowed from Japanese 海苔(のり) (nori, “ocean moss”).

A type of seaweed, a red alga, laver (genus Pyropia, including species P. yezoensis and P. tenera).

The seaweed, chopped and formed into sheets, used in the preparation of sushi.


inhibitor

Internationalism, borrowed from English inhibitor.

(biology, chemistry) inhibitor: any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction or biological process.


motivator

id-noun

motivator (plural motivator-motivator or para motivator)

motivator-motivator (plural)
para motivator (plural)


literati

litêrati (canonical)
literati-literati (plural)

Borrowed from English literati, from Latin līterātī, plural of līterātus (“lettered, literate”).

literati: well-educated, literary people; intellectuals who are interested in literature.


peri

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “about”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri-.
* The word sense is related to Sanskrit परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”)

der

about, concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect.


peri

From Persian پری (pari, “fairy”), from Middle Persian plyk' (parīg, “witch”).


peri

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “abundantly, fully”).


fonetik

From Dutch fonetiek, from German Phonetik, from French phonétique, from Latin phōnēticus, from Ancient Greek φωνητικός (phōnētikós), from φωνέω (phōnéō) + -τικός (-tikós).


pralaya

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦭꦪ (pralaya) or Old Javanese pralaya, from Sanskrit प्रलय (pralaya).


dol

(music) a type of conical drum from Bengkulu.


dol

(shipping) mast, a tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, the sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, or communications equipment such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires.


dol

From Dutch dol (“out of control”), from Old Dutch *dol, from Proto-Germanic *dulaz.

loose, not fixed in place tightly or firmly, related to screw.


ubah

head

ubah (root imperative úbah, active transitive mengubah, active intransitive berubah, ordinary passive diubah, adversative passive terubah)

úbah (imperative root)
mengubah (active transitive)
berubah (active intransitive)
ubah (root)
mengubah (active)
merubah (active)
berubah (active)
terubah (active involuntary)
diubah (active involuntary passive)
dirubah (active involuntary passive)
ubah (active)
rubah (active)
ubahlah (active)
rubahlah (active)
memperubah (active applicative causative)
diperubah (active applicative causative passive)
perubah (active applicative causative)

id-conj-base

Some alternative forms are from rubah, a rebracketing of berubah (not related to rubah (“fox”)).

From Malay ubah. Ultimately from Sanskrit उभा (ubhā, “to erect”).

(transitive) to make something into something different

(intransitive) to become something different

to change:
to become something different

to alter: to change the form or structure of


couture

Unadapted borrowing from English couture (“production of high-end, custom-made clothing”), ellipsis of haute couture (“haute couture, high fashion”, literally “high, elegant + sewing”). Compare French couture (“sewing”).

ubor

(fashion) couture: production of high-end, custom-made clothing.


PAN

Partai Amanat Nasional
w:id:Partai Amanat Nasional

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Amanat Nasional (“National Mandate Party”).


alat

Inherited from Malay alat, from Classical Malay الت (alat), from Arabic آلَة (ʔāla).

device intended to make a task easier; Any mechanical device meant to ease or do a task.

Any piece of equipment used in a profession, e.g. a craftman's tools.

Something to perform an operation; an instrument; a means.

A person or group which is used or controlled, usually unwittingly, by another person or group.


modus

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

doublet

(mathematics, statistics) the most frequently occurring value in a distribution.

(linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality.

a particular means of accomplishing something.

(colloquial) modus operandi, a known criminal's established habits and mode of work when committing specific offences, especially fraud, matched with characteristics of an unsolved crime to narrow down (limit to a specific list) or profile suspects.


filariasis

filariasis (a type of infection caused by nematode worms)


filaria

filaria (any of the parasitic nematode worms of superfamily Filarioidea that lives in the blood of vertebrates and is transmitted by insects: the cause of filariasis)


ting

The sound made when a small bell is struck.


ting

Borrowed from Hokkien 燈 /灯 (teng, “light; lamp; lantern”).

bor+

(dialectal) Synonym of lentera (“lantern”)


-ana

(organic chemistry) A saturated hydrocarbon; an alkane.

-ane
A saturated hydrocarbon; an alkane.

(inorganic chemistry) A simple binary compound of hydrogen and a nonmetal or metalloid.


kailan

From Malay kailan, from Late Classical Malay کايلن (kailan), from Cantonese 芥蘭／芥兰 (gaai3 laan4-2, “kailan”).

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra

kailan, Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra.


sayonara

Borrowed from Japanese さよなら (sayonara), a shorter form of more traditional さようなら (sayōnara, “goodbye”, literally “if that's the way it is”).

(informal, often humorous, especially used when referring to Japan) Goodbye, adieu.


-ina

Devi + -ina → Devina

Karen + -ina → Karenina


Musa

(Christianity, Judaism) Moses (Biblical character)


apostil

Borrowed from English apostil, from French postille (“marginal note”), from Latin post illa (verba) (“after those (words)”).


tato

From English tattoo, a borrowing from a Polynesian language, e.g. Samoan tatau (“tattoo; to tap, to strike”).


toto

From Dutch toto (“A kind of gambling game”).


kolik

From Dutch koliek (“colic”), from French colique, ultimately derived from Ancient Greek κωλικός (kōlikós, “suffering in the colon”, adj).


api

From Malay api, from Proto-Malayic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

a (usually self-sustaining) chemical reaction involving the bonding of oxygen with carbon or other fuel, with the production of heat and the presence of flame or smouldering.

the occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.

(figurative) strength of passion, whether love or hate.


loka

tlb

(chiefly obsolete, archaic or dialectal)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦏ (loka, “world, place”), from Sanskrit लोक (loka).


loka

(archaic or obsolete) Synonym of lihat (“to see”)


nara

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese nara (“man, male, person”), from Sanskrit नर (nára), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnáras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.


rasa

From Malay rasa, from Pali rasa, from Sanskrit रस (rasa). Cognate with Thai รส (rót), Lao ລົດ (lot), Lü ᦷᦟᧆ (lod) or ᦷᦟᧆᦉ (lodṡ), Burmese ရသ (ra.sa.), Khmer រស (rŭəh). Doublet of raksa, raksi, and resi.


lotus

From Dutch lotus, from Latin lōtus, from Ancient Greek λωτός (lōtós).

Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera#Translingual


adrenalin

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)


oli

From Dutch olie (“oil”), from Middle Dutch ōlie, from Old Dutch olig, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).


mala

From Malay mala, from Classical Malay mala, from Pali mala, from Sanskrit मल (mala).


pagar

From Malay pagar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pager (“enclosure; palisade around a village; fence around a planted tree or cultivated field”).


santer

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ (santer, “fast and strongly (of flow); energetic, fast; serious (illness)”).


hara

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese ara, hara, hāra, āhāra (“food”), from Sanskrit आहार (āhāra, “food”).


delirium

Borrowed from Dutch delirium, from Latin dēlīrium.


poles

Borrowed from Dutch polijst, polijsten, from Old French poliss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of polir, from Latin polīre (“to polish, make smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to drive, strike, thrust”), from the notion of fulling cloth.


canasta

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish canasta (“canasta; basket, hoop; laundry basket, hamper; basket”), from Latin canistrum (“wicker basket”).


go-go

Unadapted borrowing from English go-go (“go-go”).


salut

From Dutch saluut, from Latin salūtō (“to greet; to wish health to”).

der

salute, an utterance or gesture expressing greeting or honor towards someone, now especially a formal, non-verbal gesture made with the arms or hands in any of various specific positions


norma

Learned borrowing from Latin nōrma, perhaps via Etruscan from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “examiner, carpenter's square”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.

Masker menjadi norma baru.

norm, a rule that is enforced by members of a community.


apo-

From Dutch apo-, from Ancient Greek ἀπό- (apó-), the preposition of ἀπό (apó, “from, away from”), from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”).


lin

a route, a line (of transport, especially of public transport and airlines).


parang

From Malay parang, from Proto-Malayic *paraŋ.
* The sense as classic batik motif is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦫꦁ (parang, “batik pattern”, literally “cliff; knife, chopper, cleaver”), from Old Javanese paraṅ (“rock, crag”).

sl

a short, heavy, straight-edged knife or machete.

(zoology) dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab).


honorarium

From Dutch honorarium, from Latin honōrārium.

honorarium (compensation, such as a salary, for professional services)


adios

Borrowed from Spanish adiós (“goodbye”).


schadenfreude

Unadapted borrowing from German Schadenfreude (“joy in the misfortune of others”), from Schaden (“damage, misfortune”) + Freude (“joy”).

ubor

schadenfreude: malicious enjoyment derived from observing someone else's misfortune.


buta

Inherited from Malay buta (“blind”), from Proto-Malayic *buta(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buta, from Proto-Austronesian *buCa.

unable to see, or only partially able to see

(figurative) fail to recognize, acknowledge or perceive

(figurative) without any prior knowledge


buta

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦸꦠ (buta, “giant”), from Old Javanese bhūta, from Sanskrit भूत (bhūta, “demon”). Doublet of bota.


damar

From Malay damar, from Proto-Malayic *damar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *damaʀ (“tree resin used in torches”). Compare Maori rama.


damar

From Minangkabau [Term?], probably cognate of Etymology 1 as referring to the construction of the candlenut torch.


kap

From Dutch kap, from Middle Dutch cappe, from Late Latin cappa.


nazar

From Arabic نَظَر (naẓar). Doublet of nalar.

vow: A solemn promise to perform some act, or behave in a specified manner, especially a promise to live and act in accordance with the rules of a religious order.


RT

rukun tetangga
rukun tetangga#Indonesian


teras

From Dutch terras, from French terrasse, from Old Occitan terrassa, from terra (“land”). Doublet of tras and trass. Cognate with Malay teres.

terrace (a platform that extends outwards from a building)

terrace (a raised, flat-topped bank of earth with sloping sides)

terrace (the roof of a building, especially if accessible to the residents)


teras

From Malay teras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təʀas.

core (the inner part of a nuclear reactor)

core (atomic nucleus plus inner/core electrons)


iga

From Javanese ꦲꦶꦒ (iga, “rib”), from Old Javanese higā, igā (“rib”). Cognate Balinese ᬳᬶᬕ (higa, “rib”).

(anatomy) rib: any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum.


kor

From Dutch koor (“choir”), from Middle Dutch côor, from Latin chorus. Cognate with Afrikaans koor, English choir.


bila

From Malay bila, from Old Malay vela, from Sanskrit वेला (velā).


soba

Borrowed from Japanese 蕎麦 (そば, soba, “buckwheat”).


kering

hidangan ini sudah kering

unable to produce a liquid, as water, (petrochemistry) oil, or (farming) milk.

(figurative) broke, penniless: without any money.

(figurative) startled, stunned, surprised.


ak

(text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of aku.


kari

one of a family of dishes originating from Indian cuisine, flavoured by a spiced sauce.

a spiced sauce or relish, especially one flavoured with curry powder.


kram

(medicine, colloquial) alternative spelling of keram (“cramp”).


tanda

Inherited from Malay tanda, from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝ (tandha), from Old Javanese taṇḍa (“standard, banner”), probably from Tamil தண்டம் (taṇṭam, “flag”, literally “stick, staff”), from Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa) (hence, doublet of denda).


tandu

→ Min Nan: 丹廚 /丹厨

From Malay tandu, from Classical Malay tandu, from Tamil தண்டு (taṇṭu, “palanquin”).


minta

From Malay minta, from Classical Malay minta, a nasalization of pinta. So a doublet of pinta.

Aku meminta dia permen.

Mereka sedang meminta untuk gaji mereka dinaikkan.

They're asking for their salaries to be increased.


hari

From Malay hari, from Proto-Malayic *ari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. According to Adelaar (1992), the intrusive h- was added to prevent vowel clusters in words such as *mata ari > matahari "sun".

a period from midnight to the following midnight.

(astronomy) rotational period of a planet (especially Earth).

the part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.

(meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.

age; time: a specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing.

daytime: part of a day period between sunrise and sunset where one enjoys daylight.


harap

From Malay harap, from Proto-Malayic *harəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀəp.


kas

Borrowed from Dutch kas, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa from Old Italian cassa, from Latin capsa (“box, case”), from capiō (“I take, I seize, I receive”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”).

money in the form of notes/bills and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks or electronic transactions.

(Standard Malay)

(accounting) liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.


kas

→ Ternate: kas (“cupboard”)


busa

From Malay busa, from Proto-Malayic (compare Malay busa), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Fijian vuso).


busa

base-imperative-colloquial of membusa (“to blow; to pant, to gasp”)


akar

From Malay akar, from Classical Malay اكر (akar), from Proto-Malayic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(w)akar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ.
* Displaced Dutch wortel (“(arithmetic) square root, root”, literally “root (plant)”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(literally) the part of a plant, generally underground, that anchors and supports the plant body, absorbs and stores water and nutrients.

the part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place.

the part of a hair under the skin that holds the hair in place.

(figurative) origin: the primary source.

(arithmetic) of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.

(arithmetic) clipping of akar kuadrat (“a square root”).

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.

(computing) in UNIX terminology, the first user account with complete access to the operating system and its configuration, found at the root of the directory structure; the person who manages accounts on a UNIX system.


ipar

Inherited from Malay ipar, from Proto-Malayic *ipar (“in-law”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipaʀ.


imprimatur

Learned borrowing from Latin imprimātur (“let it be printed”), third person singular present subjunctive passive form of imprimere (“to imprint”).

learned borrowing

(Catholicism) imprimatur, an official license to publish or print something.


tenda

From Portuguese tenda, from Vulgar Latin tenda, or *tendita, substantivized feminine of *tenditus, as a variant form of tentus, perfect passive participle of Latin tendō.

tent: a pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, used for sheltering people from the weather.

hood, bonnet: the hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle.


sarana

→ Malay: sarana

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦫꦤ (sarana, “mean”), from Old Javanese śaraṇa (“refuge, protection; help, aid, means”), from Sanskrit शरण (śaraṇa, “refuge, protection”).


maha

Borrowed from Sanskrit महा (mahā), combining form of महत् (mahat).


paras

Inherited from Malay paras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paras₂ (“face, looks, appearance”).


paras

Inherited from Malay paras, from Javanese ꦥꦫꦱ꧀ (paras, “trimmed; razor”), from Old Javanese paras (“trimmed; razor”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paras₁ (“shaved off, made smooth”).


paras

Inherited from Malay paras, from Javanese ꦥꦫꦱ꧀ (paras, “rock”), from Old Javanese paras (“rock”). Doublet of padas.


kanta

Inherited from Malay kanta (“lens”), from Sanskrit कान्त (kānta, “stone”).


mesti

Inherited from Malay mesti, from Javanese ꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (mesthi), probably from Old Javanese muṣṭi, from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi, “fist, clenched hand”). Doublet of pasti.


mester

From Dutch meester, from Middle Dutch mêester, from Old Dutch *mēster, from Vulgar Latin *maester, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, magister, and master.


maja

From Malay maja, from Old Javanese maja (“Aegle marmelos”), probably from Prakrit majja (“intoxicant, wine, spirits”), from Sanskrit मद्य (madya, “intoxicating drink”).

der

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

(botany) bael, wood apple (Aegle marmelos)

Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima#Translingual

(botany) wood apple, elephant apple (Limonia acidissima)


inci

From English inch, from Middle English ynche, enche, from Old English ynce, borrowed from Latin uncia (“twelfth part”). Compare to Japanese インチ (inchi, “inch”).

inch, a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot, or exactly 2.54 centimetres.


magis

→ Malay: magis

Borrowed from Dutch magisch (“magical”).


poros

(geometry) an imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry).

the pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel

axletree: a transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage.


porus

Borrowed from Dutch poreus (“porous”), from French poreux (“porous”), from Old French poros, from Latin porus (“an opening”), from Ancient Greek πόρος (póros).


seni

From Dutch East Indies Malay seni (“art”), probably from Sanskrit सनी (sanī, “reward, gift”)

the conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.

skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus.

...sport dan seni (kunst).

1934, Soetomo, Kenang kenangan, page 12:


seni

From earlier se- (“one”) + *nik (“small, fine”).


seni

From Dutch genie
From French génie, from Latin genius. Doublet of zeni.


rica

From Manado Malay rica (“chili pepper”) and North Moluccan Malay rica, from Ternate rica, itself from Malay merica, from Pali marica, from Sanskrit मरिच (marica). Doublet of merica.


armada

From Malay armada, from Portuguese armada, from Medieval Latin armāta, from the feminine past participle of Latin armō, from arma.


kanca

From Javanese ꦏꦚ꧀ꦕ (kanca, “friend”), from Old Javanese kañca (“friend”).


hak

From Malay hak, from Classical Malay hak, from Arabic حَقّ (ḥaqq, “truth”).

Kita harus menghormati hak orang lain.

We must respect the rights of other people.

right: that which complies with justice, law or reason; a legal, just or moral entitlement.


hak

From Dutch hak (“heel of a shoe”), from Middle Dutch hacke, from Middle Low German hakke, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hak(k)-.

heel: the part of a shoe's sole which supports the foot's heel.


hak

From Dutch haak (“hook”), from Middle Dutch hāke, from Old Dutch *hako, from Proto-Germanic *hakô.

(sewing) A hook used to pull thread through the holes of a button

A hook for pulling the buttons of gloves and shoes through the buttonholes.

(surgery, colloquial) retractor: a surgical instrument used to hold apart the edges of an incision or wound.


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from German Mol. Compare to Malay mol.

(chemistry) A mole (unit of chemical quantity).


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from French mol, mou, from Old French mol, from Latin mollem.


decrescendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian decrescendo.


mezzo forte

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo forte.

(music) mezzo forte (louder then mezzo piano, but softer than forte)


moderator

From Dutch moderator, from Latin moderātor.

someone who moderates: an arbitrator or mediator;

someone who moderates: the chair or president of a meeting.

(engineering) a substance (often water or graphite) used to decrease the speed of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increase likelihood of fission


gom

Borrowed from Dutch gom (“gum”), from Middle Dutch gomme, from Old French gomme, from Late Latin gumma, from earlier gummi, cummi.

gum, various viscous or sticky substances exuded by certain plants or produced synthetically.


mutagen

Borrowed from Dutch mutageen (“mutagen”), from English mutagen.

bor+

(genetics, pathology) mutagen: any agent or substance that can cause genetic mutation.


kitab

From Malay kitab, from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb, “book”).

book (collection of sheets of paper bound together containing printed or written material).


rit

Borrowed from Dutch rit (literally “ride”), from Middle Dutch *rit, from Middle Low German rit or Middle High German ritt, related to Middle Dutch rêde, dialectal Dutch reed, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *rīdan.


sabun

From Malay sabun, from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn) or Portuguese sabão, both ultimately from Latin sapō.

der

Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)


entente

From Dutch entente, from French entente (“understanding”).

international relations
international relations

(international relations) entente, an informal alliance or friendly understanding between two states.


jala

From Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


dalam

head

dalam (superlative terdalam, equative sedalam)

terdalam (superlative)
sedalam (equative)

Inherited from Malay dalam, from Proto-Malayic *daləm, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm. Doublet of dalem.


kiri

Inherited from Malay kiri, from Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi, Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi.

left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)

Melawan kaum kiri bisa dimulai hari ini juga!

You can start fighting left-wingers now!


ras

From Dutch ras, from French race, from Middle French rasse "entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people", from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).


minum

Inherited from Malay minum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inum.

minum-minum

to drink repeatedly; to consume alcoholic beverages

terminum

drunk; to be accidentally drunk; drinkable

(obsolete) to drink (to smoke, as tobacco)


tegel

From Dutch tegel, from Middle Dutch tigele, tegel, from Old Dutch tegela, from late Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ, from Latin tegula.


salam

From Malay salam, from Classical Malay salam, from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Doublet of salim and syalom.

(Islam) salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting)


salam

From Malay salam (“Malabar plum, Java plum”), from Classical Malay salam, from Tamil சாலம் (cālam, “tree”), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla). Doublet of sala and syala.
* Semantic loan from Javanese salam (ꦱꦭꦩ꧀, “Indian bay leaf”).

sl

Syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini#Translingual

(rare) Malabar plum, Java plum (Syzygium cumini).


salam

From Arabic سَلَم (salam, “futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction”).


satai

From Malay satai, from Javanese sate. Doublet of sate.


homosex

homosexual (sexually attracted only to other members of the same sex)


mur

From Dutch moer, a shortening of moerschroef, from moer (“mother”) + schroef (“bolt”).


tenge

From Kazakh теңге (teñge), from Old Turkic teg (“as, as much as, equal”), teŋ (“equivalent, balanced”), teŋe- (“compare, measure”). Doublet of tanggah.

der

tenge (national unit of currency of Kazakhstan)


rupiah

From Pali rūpiya (“silver”), from Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “silver, stamped coin”).


riyal

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَال (riyāl). Doublet of rial and royal.

riyal (The official currency of Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia)


lev

From Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

lev: the currency of Bulgaria, divided into 100 stotinki.


koruna

From Czech koruna and Slovak koruna; cognate with krone and German Krone. Doublet of korona.

The currency of the former Czechoslovakia, divided into 100 hellers.

The currency of the Czech Republic, divided into 100 hellers.

The former currency of Slovakia, divided into 100 haliers.


div

(law enforcement) Abbreviation of divisi (“division”).


teori

From Dutch theorie (“theory”), from Middle French théorie, from Late Latin theōria, from Ancient Greek θεωρία (theōría, “contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at”), from θεωρέω (theōréō, “I look at, view, consider, examine”), from θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”), from θέαν (théan, “a view”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see, look”).

a coherent set of statements attempting to explain observed phenomena.

the underlying principles or methods of a given technical skill, art etc., as opposed to its practice.

mental conception; reflection, consideration.


hode

From a monster name in Ragnarok Online which have similar appearance to a penis. Popularized in online game Ayodance. Probably related to German Hode (“testicle”) and its ancestor Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”).

cog

(Internet slang) male-to-female cross-player:

a male player with women digital avatar, especially for fun.

a male pretend to be a female, especially for scamming


buru

From Malay buru, from Proto-Malayic *buru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀaw, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀaw (“drive off, chase away, expel”).


opor

meat dish fried in santan (coconut flesh soaked in water)


sagu

From Malay sagu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sagu (“processed sago; fluid oozing from a wound, infected sore, or corpse”).

any of the palms from which sago is extracted.

a powdered starch obtained from certain palms, specifically Metroxylon sagu, used as a food thickener.

a powdered starch obtained from a palm-like cycad, Cycas revoluta.


siku

Inherited from Malay siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux.


siku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 市區(しく) (shiku, “municipal district, urban subdistrict”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

ja-r

Gambir siku

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kelurahan (“subdistrict”)


pak

(slightly informal, between two speakers) sir

slightly informal; between two speakers; slightly informal; between two speakers


pak

From Dutch pak, from Middle Dutch pac, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *pakkô. Doublet of paket.


pak

→ Min Nan: 贌 (pa̍k)

From Dutch pacht (“lease”), from Middle Dutch pacht, from Latin pactum. Doublet of pakta.


abi

From Arabic أَبِي (ʔabī, “father”), genitive construct state of أَب (ʔab, “father”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾab- (“father”). Doublet of aba, abu, and abbas.


UM

Universitas Negeri Malang
w:id:Universitas Negeri Malang

(education) Initialism of Universitas Negeri Malang.


UM

unaccompanied minor
unaccompanied minor#English

(aviation) Initialism of unaccompanied minor.


Bandar Seri Begawan

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


pirus

Inherited from Malay firus (“turquoise”), from Persian فیروزه (firuze, “turquoise”), پیروزه (piruze), from Middle Persian *pērōzag, from 𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰 (pērōz, “victorious”).

inh+

a sky-blue, greenish-blue, or greenish-gray semi-precious gemstone.

pirus:

a pale greenish-blue colour, like that of the gemstone.


toa

A genericized trademark of the Japanese trademark TOA, from the first two characters (東亞(とうあ) (tōa, “East Asia”))) of its former name (東亞特殊電機(とうあとくしゅでんき) (tōatokushudenki)).

Toa di sekolah kami sangat nyaring.

The megaphone in our school is very loud.

(dialect, informal) sound system, including megaphone.


suster

From Dutch zuster (“sister, nun, nurse”), from Middle Dutch suster, from Old Dutch swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


sembilan

From Malay sembilan, from Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ) ambil-an, *isa(ʔ) ambil-an. Reanalysed as se- + ambil + -an. Doublet of sambilan.


bakal

Inherited from Malay bakal, probably from Old Javanese bakal.

(biology) primordium: an aggregation of cells that is the first stage in the development of an organ.


buka

Inherited from Malay buka, from Proto-Malayic *buka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buka (“to open, uncover”).
Cognates
Cognate with Minangkabau buko, Iban buka, Bikol Central buka,
Tagalog buka,
Cebuano buka.

inh

Besok tokonya akan buka.

open (actively conducting or prepared to conduct business)


buka

head

buka (active membuka, passive dibuka, involuntary/perfective passive terbuka)

Terkadang aku membuka kulkasku untuk melihat isinya.

Sometimes I open my refrigerator to see what's inside.


buka

See above. Semantic loan from Arabic إِفْطَار (ʔifṭār, “to break”).

sl

(intransitive, Islam) to break the fast; to have iftar.


kapal

From Malay kapal (“ship”), from Classical Malay kapal (“decked ship”), from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). In the third sense, a mistranslation of English ship (“relationship”), from relation + -ship (etymologically unrelated to the noun ship).

der

ship (a water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat)

(chiefly in combination) ship (a vessel which travels through any medium other than across land)

(slang, fandom slang) ship (a fictional romantic relationship between two characters)


kapal

From Malay kapal (“thickening skin”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).


kaya

From Malay kaya (“rich”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaya, from Proto-Austronesian *kaya (“able, capable, strong, wealthy”). Cognate of Tagalog kaya, especially Tagalog may-kaya.


kaya

Alternative spelling of kayak (“like, similar”)


hina

From Malay hina, from Classical Malay هينا (hina), from Sanskrit हीन (hīna, “poor, low”).


tawa

From Malay tawa, from Proto-Malayic *tawa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawa, from Proto-Austronesian *Cawa.


tawa

id-conj-base

This verb however, takes the prefix ter- in locative and benefactive. For some reasons, some forms of the locative do not exist. Ketawa only exists in informal language.

tawa (root)
tertawa (active involuntary)
ketawa (active involuntary)
tawa (active)
tawalah (active)
menertawai (active locative)
ditertawai (involuntary locative passive)
menertawakan (active applicative causative)
tertawakan (applicative causative)
ditertawakan (applicative causative passive)
tertawakan (applicative causative)
tawakan (applicative causative)
tertawakanlah (applicative causative)
mempertawa (active causative)
mempertawai (active causative locative)
dipertawai (causative involuntary locative passive)
mempertawakan (active applicative causative)
dipertawakan (applicative causative passive)

to laugh (show mirth by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face and emission of sounds)


rusa

From Malay rusa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa.


apel

→ Ternate: apel

Borrowed from Dutch appel, from Middle Dutch appel, from Old Dutch *appel, from Proto-West Germanic *applu from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple, apple-tree”).

der

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual


apel

Borrowed from Dutch appel (“roll call, appeal”), previously spelled appèl, from Middle Dutch appeel, from Old French apel, deverbal of Old French apeler, from Latin appellāre, present active infinitive of Latin appellō. Cognate of Afrikaans appèl (“roll call; appeal”).

bor+

Panglima Komando Daerah didampingi Kepala Kepolisian Daerah memimpin apel gelar pasukan pengamanan dalam rangka mengamankan kunjungan kerja wakil presiden.

The Commander of the Regional Command and Regional Police Chief leads the security forces ceremony during the working visit of the vice president.

...dalam praktik “Raden van Justitie” dalam apel, tidak mengharuskan kepada hakim banding untuk meninjau....

In Raden van Justitie practice in appeal, appellate judge was not obligated to consider....

(law) appeal: an application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re-examination or review.


apel

to do a roll call in a ceremony formation.

Malam Minggu Pukul Tujuh Aku Apel Di Rumah Mu

Saturday night at seven o'clock I come for a date to your house.

(colloquial) to visit girlfriend (usually in girlfriend house) for a date.

...dan bisa apel di Pengadilan Tinggi.

(law) to appeal: to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


PPP

Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
w:id:Partai Persatuan Pembangunan

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (“United Development Party”).


biri

(rare) Alternative form of biri-biri (“sheep”)


denda

Inherited from Malay denda, from Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa, “punishment, penalty”). Doublet of tanda.

der

Bentuk dari hukum adat tersebut adalah sistem denda....

The form of customary law is the fine system.

fine, a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law.


topi

Inherited from Malay topi, from Tamil தொப்பி (toppi), from Hindi टोपी (ṭopī).


femme fatale

Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale (literally “deadly woman”).


taipan

From Cantonese 大班 (daai6 baan1, “big shot, rich businessman”).

zh-l

taipan, tycoon: A wealthy and powerful business person.


planetarium

Learned borrowing from New Latin planētārium.

lbor

planetarium: A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.


kantor polisi

id-noun

kantor polisi (plural kantor-kantor polisi)

Compound of kantor + polisi, calque of Dutch politiekantoor (“police station”) (compare Afrikaans polisiekantoor).


datang

datangi (locative transitive)
datang (root)
mendatang (active)
terdatang (active involuntary)
didatang (active involuntary passive)
datang (active)
datanglah (active)
mendatangi (active locative)
terdatangi (involuntary locative)
didatangi (involuntary locative passive)
datangi (locative)
datangilah (locative)
mendatangkan (active applicative causative)
terdatangkan (applicative causative)
didatangkan (applicative causative passive)
datangkan (applicative causative)
datangkanlah (applicative causative)
memperdatang (active causative)
terperdatang (active causative involuntary)
diperdatang (active causative involuntary passive)
perdatang (active causative)
perdatanglah (active causative)
memperdatangi (active causative locative)
terperdatangi (causative involuntary locative)
diperdatangi (causative involuntary locative passive)
perdatangi (causative locative)
perdatangilah (causative locative)
memperdatangkan (active applicative causative)
terperdatangkan (applicative causative)
diperdatangkan (applicative causative passive)
perdatangkan (applicative causative)
perdatangkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay datang, from Classical Malay داتڠ (datang, “come”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datəŋ.

Kami datang ke toko ini untuk membeli buku pembelajaran.

We came to this shop to buy learning books.

Dia nanti datang setelah sore.


buk

a sound of a large ripe fruit (object) falling to the ground


buk

From Dutch boek (“to book”) or English book (“to book”).


yel

From English yell, from Middle English ȝellen, yellen, from Old English ġiellan, from Proto-Germanic *gellaną.


Natasha

Natasha Wilona, b. 1998


warga

From Malay warga, from Classical Malay ورڬ (warga), from Sanskrit वर्ग (varga).


mati

Inherited from Malay mati, from Proto-Malayic *mati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(m-)atay from Proto-Austronesian *(m-)aCay.
Cognates
Cognate with Cebuano matay, Chamorro matai, Fijian mate, Hawaiian make, Ilocano matay, Javanese mati, Kapampangan mate, mete, Malagasy maty, Maori mate, Palauan mad, Rapa Nui mate, Tagalog matay, Tahitian mate.

(of a machine, device, or electrical circuit) completely inactive; currently without power; without a signal; not live

device; or electrical circuit; device; or electrical circuit

(of a battery) uable to emit power, being discharged (flat) or faulty

(of a language) no longer used as a native or first language

dead
(of a wind) static (having no motion)

(of a place, figuratively) lacking usual activity; unexpectedly quiet or empty of people

inanimate (not being, and never having been alive, especially not like humans and animals)

(of a spring, well, etc.) does not contain water (anymore); does not have running water (anymore)

(of a lamp, fire, etc.) in a state of non-operation or non-existence

(of certain services, devices, or facilities) not available; out of service

devices; or facilities; devices; or facilities

(figuratively) stuck (unable to progress with a task)


pasti

Inherited from Malay pasti, from Javanese ꦥꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (pasthi), from Old Javanese paṣṭi. Doublet of mesti.


guna

From Malay guna (“usage”), from Classical Malay guna, from Sanskrit गुण (guṇa, “use”).


mara

From Sanskrit मार (māra, “slaughter, destruction”).


mara

From Sanskrit कोट (koṭa, “fort, shed, hut”) + मार (māra, “killing, destroying”).

compound

Alternative spelling of kotamara (“a kind of naval defensive structure”).


asal

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Malay asal
Indonesian asal
Inherited from Malay asal, borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl). Doublet of asli

etymon

the source of a river, information, goods, etc.


asal

(uncommon) from the beginning; from the start


asal

careless (not giving sufficient attention or thought, especially concerning the avoidance of harm or mistakes)


mada

nonstandard spelling of madar (“mad, heartless”).


musti

alternative spelling of mesti (“must; sure”)


rupa

From Malay rupa, from Classical Malay rupa, from Sanskrit रूप (rūpá, “form, shape, figure”).


taman

From Malay taman, possibly from Classical Persian چمن (čaman, “lawn, meadow, orchard”).


pulang

pulang (root)
berpulang (active)
terpulang (active involuntary)
dipulang (active involuntary passive)
pulang (active)
pulanglah (active)
memulangkan (active applicative causative)
terpulangkan (applicative causative)
dipulangkan (applicative causative passive)
pulangkan (applicative causative)
pulangkanlah (applicative causative)
memperpulangkan (active applicative causative)
terperpulangkan (applicative causative)
diperpulangkan (applicative causative passive)
perpulangkan (applicative causative)
perpulangkanlah (applicative causative)

Inherited from Malay pulang.
from Proto-Malayic *pulaŋ.

Aku akan pulang setelah bermain sepak bola.


dulu

A contraction of dahulu. From Proto-Austronesian *zulu (“earlier, in advance”).


kertas

kêrtas (canonical)
kertas-kertas (plural)

From Malay kertas, from Arabic قَرْطَاس (qarṭās), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of kardus, kartel, karton, kartu, and katrij.


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of translingual 語法. Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


kata kerja

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state.


contoh

From Malay contoh, from Tamil சௌத்து (cauttu, “pattern, sample, model”).

der

specimen: a part or snippet of something taken or presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole.

(statistics) a subset of a population selected for measurement, observation or questioning, to provide statistical information about the population.

a representation of a physical object, usually in miniature.

a successful example to be copied, with or without modifications.


banyak

From Malay banyak,
from Classical Malay باڽق, from Old Malay vañak. First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription as "vañakña" (current spelling banyaknya).


beberapa

Malay beberapa, partial reduplication of berapa.

any, some, several, certain, few, various, divers


sedikit

From Malay sedikit,
from Classical Malay sedikit.

Baru sedikit yang dipahami tentang persepsinya.

Little has been learned about its perception.


bawah

From Malay tanah
From Malay bawah, from Proto-Malayic *babah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq.


luar

From Malay luar,
from Classical Malay luar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luqaR.


udara

Borrowed from Sanskrit उदार (udāra, “lofty”).


kata penghubung

Compound of kata (“word”) + penghubung (“connector”), literally “connector word”.


atau

From earlier ataoe, from Malay atau (“or”), from Old Malay अथवा (athavā), from Pali atha vā (“or”), from Sanskrit अथो (atho) < अथवा (athavā, “or, rather”).


tetapi

From Malay tetapi, from Old Malay tathapi, from Sanskrit तथापि (tathāpi), तथा (tathā) + अपि (api).


tapi

Shortened form of tetapi, from Malay tetapi, from Sanskrit तथापि (tathāpi).


kalau

‘’Saya geli kalau teringat masa sekolah dulu. Saya pernah dihukum oleh Bu Kunti (guru) gara-gara membiarkan teman-teman mbolos sekolah,’’ kata mantan ketua kelas yang kini tinggal di Jl Aster Condongcatur, Yogyakarta itu.

2018 March 29, “‘’Dulu, Kalau Ada Anak Merokok Ditamplek Mulutnya...’’ [‘’In the Past, If A Child Smokes, His Mouth is Glued...’’]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-10-26:

"I am amused when I recall my time at school. I was once punished by Mrs. Kunti (teacher) for letting my friends ditch school," said the former class leader who now lives in Jl Aster Condongcatur, Yogyakarta.


karena

Inherited from Malay kerana, karena, from Classical Malay kerana, karena, karana, from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause; reason”), from vṛddhi derivative of करण (káraṇa). Doublet of kerani.


walaupun

Inherited from Malay walaupun. Equivalent to walau + pun.


walau

From Malay walau, from Arabic وَلَوْ (walaw, “albeit”).


meskipun

Inherited from Malay meskipun. Equivalent to meski + pun.

though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession


juga

From Malay juga. Cognates with Central Malay juge, Musi jugo.


bahkan

Inherited from Malay bahkan, from Classical Malay بهکن (bahkan).


sehingga

so that; in order to
indicates purpose; with the result that

indicates purpose; in such a way that, with the intent that


supaya

From Malay supaya, from Old Javanese supaya, sopaya, probably from sa- + upāya (“aim, means, way, stratagem, craft”), compare to mopāya (“to use”), thus reconstructed as se- + upaya.


saja

From Malay sahaja, saja, from Classical Malay سهاج (sahaja), ساج (saja), from Sanskrit सहज (sahaja, “natural, innate, original”).

der

merely, only, just, without any other reason etc. and nothing more.

always
at all times; throughout all time

constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).

very, extremely: Used to firmly establish that nothing else surpasses in some respect as emphasis.


saja

(1901–1947, 1947–1972) Superseded spelling of saya.


lagipula

(proscribed) Alternative form of lagi pula


kantor

From Malay kantor, from Dutch kantoor. Doublet of komputer and konter.
* Translation of Japanese 局(きょく) (kyoku, “bureau, department”) as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah. See kyoku.
* Translation of Japanese 省(しょう) (shō, “bureau, department”) as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah. See -zyoo.

office, a room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work.


polisi

Borrowed from Dutch politie (“police”), from Middle Dutch policie, from Middle French policie, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Cognate of Afrikaans polisie.


berjalan

bêrjalan (canonical)
jalan (root)
berjalan (active)
jalan (active)
jalanlah (active)
berjalanlah (active)
menjalani (active locative)
terjalani (involuntary locative)
dijalani (involuntary locative passive)
jalani (locative)
jalanilah (locative)
menjalankan (active applicative causative)
terjalankan (applicative causative)
dijalankan (applicative causative passive)
jalankan (applicative causative)
jalankanlah (applicative causative)
memperjalan (active causative)
teperjalan (active causative involuntary)
diperjalan (active causative involuntary passive)
perjalan (active causative)
perjalanlah (active causative)
memperjalani (active causative locative)
teperjalani (causative involuntary locative)
diperjalani (causative involuntary locative passive)
perjalani (causative locative)
perjalanilah (causative locative)
memperjalankan (active applicative causative)
teperjalankan (applicative causative)
diperjalanlan (applicative causative passive)
perjalankan (applicative causative)
perjalankanlah (applicative causative)

to move on the feet by alternately setting each foot (or pair or group of feet, in the case of animals with four or more feet) forward, with at least one foot on the ground at all times

(intransitive) to walk
to travel (a distance) by walking

(intransitive) to take place (to happen or to occur)


berjalan

in effect (operate or functioning; in force; in play)

running (of a company, organization, association, etc.)


perjalanan

a set amount of travelling, seen as a single unit; a discrete trip, a voyage;

(figurative) any process or progression likened to a journey, especially one that involves difficulties or personal development

(rare) walking (the act of something that walks)

(uncountable, figurative, rare) behavior (human conduct relative to social norms)


jalan-jalan

Reduplication of jalan. From jalan + jalan.


jalan-jalan

(colloquial) Alternative form of berjalan-jalan


berjalan-jalan

From ber- + jalan + jalan with reduplication at the base word.

Nanti sore kita berdua akan berjalan-jalan di taman.

This afternoon the two of us will go for a walk in the park.


masak

From Malay masak, from Proto-Malayic *masak.


metan

Abbreviation of media tanam (“growth medium”).


adik

From Malay adik, from Classical Malay اديق (adik), from Old Malay hadik, from Proto-Malayic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

sibling ((younger) person who shares same parents)


ibu

a (human) female who has given birth to a baby, who parents an adopted or fostered child, or who donates a fertilized egg or donates a body cell which has resulted in a clone.

something that is the greatest or most significant of its kind.

madam: A polite form of address for a woman or lady.


makanan

id-noun

makanan (countable and uncountable, plural makanan-makanan)

Inherited from Malay makanan. Equivalent to makan (“to eat”) + -an.


seorang

Di Kerajaan Majapahit, ada seorang prajurit muda dari Madura bernama Joko Tole.

1900, CB Alberta, Sr., Legenda Joko Tole [The Legend of Joko Tole]:

In the kingdom Majapahit, there was a young soldier from Madura, whose name was Joko Tole.


sekolah

sêkolah (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah (plural)

→ Ternate: skola, sikola

Inherited from Malay sekolah, from Portuguese escola.

(education) an institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.

The time during which classes are attended or in session in an educational institution; school time

An establishment offering specialized instruction, as for driving, cooking, typing, coding, etc.

(Standard Malay)

(rare) within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area.


sekolah

(figurative) to pawn surat keterangan in a bank for a loan


kabar

Inherited from Malay khabar (“news”), from Classical Malay khabar (“report”), from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar, “news”). Doublet of kaba.

Apa kabar?

Kabar baik


mangga

From Malay mangga, from colloquial Tamil மாங்க (māṅka), from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango fruit”), or perhaps from another Dravidian language.


pepaya

From Dutch papaja, originally from Lokono papáia.


pensil

pènsil (canonical)
pensil-pensil (plural)

Borrowed from English pencil or Dutch penseel, from Anglo-Norman and Old French pincil (see the variant pincel, which gave rise to Modern French pinceau (“paintbrush”)), from Latin pēnicillum, diminutive of pēniculus (“brush”), itself a diminutive of pēnis (“tail; penis”).


bolpen

bolpèn (canonical)
bolpen-bolpen (plural)


gelas

From Malay gelas, from Dutch glas (“glass”), from Middle Dutch glas, from Old Dutch glas.


televisi

télévisi (canonical)
televisi-televisi (plural)

→ Cia-Cia: televisi

→ Iban: televisi

→ Javanese: ꦠꦺꦭꦺꦮ꦳ꦶꦱꦶ (télévisi)

→ Malay: televisi

From Dutch televisie. Cognate to Afrikaans televisie.

an electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound.

an electronic home entertainment device equipped with a screen and a speaker for receiving television signals and displaying them in audio-visual form.


anggur

From Betawi anggur, from Javanese ꦲꦁꦒꦸꦂ (anggur, “free, at leisure”), from Old Javanese aṅgur (“idle, doing nothing, cease”).

infinitive, imperative and colloquial of menganggur (“to be unemployed”)


anggur

From Malay anggur, from Classical Malay اڠڬور (anggur), from Classical Persian انگور (angūr).

wine, an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of grapes.


anggur

cutting: a leaf, stem, branch, or root removed from a plant and cultivated to grow a new plant.


jeruk

→ Dutch: djeroek

From Malay jeruk from Javanese jeruk (ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀) or Sundanese ᮏᮨᮛᮥᮊ᮪ (jeruk), from Old Javanese jruk (“citrus fruits of various kinds”). Compare to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc/*kruəc (“citrus”). However, also note East Makian yorik (“citrus fruit”).


jingga

jingga:

orange: the colour of a ripe fruit of an orange tree, midway between red and yellow.


jingga

Pohon itu mempunyai dedaun yang berwarna jingga


merah

From Malay merah, from mirah, from Proto-Malayic *(ma-)irah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)iʀaq.

Saya ingin membeli sebuah mobil merah.

I want to buy a red car.


merah

Merah adalah warna kesukaanku.

Red is my favourite colour.


warna

From Malay warna, from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa). Compare Pali vaṇṇa, Hindi बान (bān), English varna.


bogi

(transport) gig, chair, chaise: a two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage.


kuli

From Malay kuli, from Hindi क़ुली (qulī), from Chagatai [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”).
Other forms occur in Bengali কুলি (kuli) and Tamil கூலி (kūli, “daily hire”), which are possibly also influenced by Hindi कोली (kolī, “weaver; low-class”). The Chinese word 苦力 (kǔlì), meaning "to exert one's abilities; heavy labour work" in Classical Chinese, may have been influenced by cognates of the above Hindi word in other languages and may have further influenced English.

Ia menambahkan pernah juga bekerja sebagai kuli bangunan, buruh pabrik di Solo, pernah juga bekerja di warung makan.

2019 February 20, “Pernah Jadi Kuli Bangunan, Wisanggeni Kini Tekuni Melukis [Once a Construction Laborer, Wisangenni Now Draws Diligently]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2019-09-06:

He adds that he had once worked as a construction laborer, a factory worker at Solo, and had also worked at a food stall.


kutu

From Malay kutu, from Tamil கூட்டு (kūṭṭu, “companionship, fellowship, friendship”).


ajak

head

ajak (base-imperative ajak, active mengajak, passive diajak)

From Malay ajak, from Classical Malay اجق (ajak), from Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)


ajak

ajak-ajak (plural)
ajak (root)
mengajak (active)
terajak (active involuntary)
diajak (active involuntary passive)
ajak (active)
ajaklah (active)
mengajaki (active locative)
terajaki (involuntary locative)
diajaki (involuntary locative passive)
ajaki (locative)
ajakilah (locative)
mengajakkan (active applicative causative)
terajakkan (applicative causative)
diajakkan (applicative causative passive)
ajakkan (applicative causative)
ajakkanlah (applicative causative)
memperajak (active causative)
terperajak (active causative involuntary)
diperajak (active causative involuntary passive)
perajak (active causative)
perajaklah (active causative)
memperajaki (active causative locative)
terperajaki (causative involuntary locative)
diperajaki (causative involuntary locative passive)
perajaki (causative locative)
perajakilah (causative locative)
memperajakkan (active applicative causative)
terperajakkan (applicative causative)
diperajakkan (applicative causative passive)
perajakkan (applicative causative)
perajakkanlah (applicative causative)

(colloquial) alternative form of ajakan (“invitation”).


ajak

→ English: ajak

From Malay ajak, from Classical Malay اجق (ajak).


alu

From Malay alu, from Classical Malay ألو (alu), from Old Malay [script needed] (halu), from Proto-Malayic *halu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qahəlu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaSəlu (“pestle”).

pestle (instrument used with a mortar to grind things)


katai

From Malay katai, from Tamil கட்டை (kaṭṭai, “shortness of stature”), from Ardhamagadhi Prakrit कट्ठ (kaṭṭha), from Sanskrit काष्ठ (kāṣṭha, “wood, timber”).


hati

From Malay hati, from Proto-Malayic *hati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.

heart (seat of affections or sensibilities)


kulit

From Malay kulit, from Proto-Malayic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

skin (outer covering of the body of a person)

leather (material produced by tanning animal skin)

(publishing) case: the hard cover that surrounds and protects the text.


nasi

→ Dutch: nasi

Inherited from Malay nasi, from Proto-Malayic *nasi, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nasi.

(figuratively, uncommon) livelihood, luck, fortune


nyamuk

Inherited from Malay nyamuk, from Proto-Malayic *ñamuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamuk.

mosquito (small flying insect of the family Culicidae, known for biting and sucking blood)


bini

Inherited from Malay bini, from Proto-Malayic *bini, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binahi (“woman, wife”).


tangan

From Malay tangan, from Proto-Malayic *taŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan. Compare Banjarese tangan, Iban tangan, Malay tangan, Minangkabau tangan.

the part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals.

(figurative) that which resembles, has the appearance, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand.


cumi

cumi-cumi (plural)
as cumi-cumi (reduplication usually)


kereta

kêrèta (canonical)
kereta-kereta (plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Old Catalan carro
Old Catalan -eta
Old Catalan carretabor.?
Old Galician-Portuguese carreta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
Indonesian kereta
From Malay kereta, from Classical Malay [script needed] (karĕta), from Portuguese carreta. Compare Tagalog kareta.


masuk

From Malay masuk, from Classical Malay masuk, from Proto-Malayic *masuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suk, from
Proto-Austronesian *suk. Doublet of pasok.

lepas dari mulut harimau, masuk kedalam mulut buaya

(intransitive) To go or come into an enclosed or partially enclosed space.

(transitive, figuratively) To go or come into a state.

(transitive, figuratively) To go or come into a profession.

to enter
To go or come into a profession.

(transitive) To type (something) into a computer; to input.

masuk gereja

masuk agama Islam

masuk Belanda

(transitive, figuratively) To become a member of; to join.

Dia masuk dalam nominasi pegawai terbaik bulan ini.

He is included in the nomination of best employee of the month.

(computing) To take some action to access a secured program or web page on a computer; to sign in; to log in.


gali

menggali (active)
digali (passive)
gali (root)
menggali (active)
tergali (active involuntary)
digali (active involuntary passive)
gali (active)
galilahlah (active)
menggalikan (active applicative causative locative)
tergalikan (applicative causative locative)
digalikan (applicative causative locative passive)
galikan (applicative causative locative)
galikanlah (applicative causative locative)

From Malay gali, from kali, from Proto-Malayic *kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

to dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)


gali

From Dutch galei, from Middle Dutch galeye, from Old French galee, from Latin galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea) of unknown origin, probably from Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē), a kind of a small fish, from γαλεός (galeós, “dog-fish or small shark”). Cognate of Malay gali, ghali (“galley”).

(nautical) galley: A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually referring to rowed warships used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era.


gali

Blend of gabungan (“group”) + anak (“child”) + liar (“wild”).


hulu

From Malay hulu, from Proto-Malayic *hulu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu. Doublet of ulu.

huluku sakit.

(anatomy, obsolete) head (part of the body)


bulu

From Malay bulu, from Proto-Malayic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu.

(anatomy) hair (the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of humans and animals)


hadap

From Malay hadap, from Proto-Malayic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of depan.


hadap

(military) to face (position oneself/itself towards)


henti

From Malay henti, from Proto-Malayic *hənti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qəti, from Proto-Austronesian *qəCi.
* The sense of arrest in medicine is a semantic loan from Dutch stilstand.


hujan

From Malay hujan, from Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


hujan

to rain: to have rain fall from the sky.


urat

From Malay urat, from Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot. The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English tendon.

string or chord-like body structures (muscle, tendon, vein or nerve)

(anatomy) tendon: a tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts.

(geology) vein: a sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock.


urat

Borrowed from Dutch uraat (“urate”), from English urate.

(organic chemistry) urate: any salt of uric acid.


manuk

Inherited from Malay manuk, from Proto-Malayic *manuk (“chicken”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.

(by extension) Synonym of burung (“bird”)


esok

From Malay esok, from Javanese ꦲꦺꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (ésuk), from Old Javanese isuk.


mentah

From Malay mentah, from Proto-Malayic *məntah (compare Malay mentah), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mataq (compare Chamorro mata', Gilbertese mata, Hawaiian maka, Malagasy manta, Maori mata).


nyiur

From Malay nyiur, from Proto-Malayic *ñiur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ. Cognate with Tagalog niyog


panah

From Malay panah, from Classical Malay panah, from Proto-Malayic *panah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq. Compare with Tagalog pana (“bow”).

a projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.

a sign or symbol used to indicate a direction (e.g. →).


salah

Etymology tree
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq
Proto-Malayic *salah
Malay salah
Indonesian salah
From Malay salah, from Proto-Malayic *salah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq.

etymon

untrue, not factual, factually incorrect.

false:
based on factually incorrect premises.

not well founded; not firm or trustworthy; erroneous


pandan

From Malay pandan, from Proto-Malayic *pandan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋdan, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

screw pine, any plant of the genus Pandanus.


pitu

From Malay pitu, from Proto-Malayic *pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu.


ruang

Inherited from Malay ruang, from Proto-Malayic *ɣuhaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *Ruqaŋ (“hole, pit”).


rumbia

From Malay rumbia, from Proto-Malayic *rumbia, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumbia.


tahun

→ As: tahun

From Malay tahun, from Proto-Malayic *tahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun (compare Maori tau).

A solar year, the time it takes the Earth to complete one revolution of the Sun (between 365.24 and 365.26 days depending on the point of reference).

The time it takes for any astronomical object (such as a planet, dwarf planet, small Solar System body, or comet) in direct orbit around a star (such as the Sun) to make one revolution around the star.

A period between set dates that mark a year, from January 1 to December 31 by the Gregorian calendar, from Tishiri 1 to Elul 29 by the Jewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by the Islamic calendar.

A scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity.

(higher education) A level or grade in school or college.

year:
A level or grade in school or college.