seret

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦉꦠ꧀ (seret, “choked; tight”) (compare Malay serat), from Old Javanese srĕt (“faltering”).


seratus

se- + ratus, from Malay seratus, from Proto-Malayic *sA-ratus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa-ʀatus, from Proto-Austronesian *sa-ʀaCus.

Ikan gurami ikan gabus, ikan arwana makannya tikus. Biar silaturahmi tidak terputus, pinjam dulu seratus.

Gouramies and snakeheads, arwanas eat mice. To keep our relations steady, please lend me a hundred.


kartografi

From Dutch cartografie, from French cartographie, from carte (“map”) (ultimately from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “map”)) + -graphie (“-graphy”) (, from γράφω (gráphō, “write”)).


densitas

dènsitas (canonical)
densitas-densitas (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(physics) a measure of the mass of matter contained by a unit volume.

the ratio of one quantity, representing something of interest, to another quantity representing space, area, or extent in which the thing of interest is distributed.


oplichting

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch oplichting (“fraud, scam”).


gilik

From Javanese ꦒꦭꦶꦒ꧀ (galig, “cylindrical; well developed, well formulated”), from Old Javanese gilig (“full of holes”), probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gílij (“side, edge”).


republikan

Related to English republican. Doublet of republiken.

republican, someone who favors a republic as a form of government.


gelis

Alternative spelling of geulis (“pretty, beautiful”)


mekanika

From Dutch mechanica, from Latin mēchanica.

(mechanics) the branch of physics that deals with the action of forces on material objects with mass.

the design and construction of machines.


elektronik

èlèktronik (canonical)
elektronik-elektronik (plural)


kinetik

Borrowed from English kinetic, from Ancient Greek κινητικός (kinētikós, “puts in motion”), κινέω (kinéō, “I move, put in motion”).


mekanik

mèkanik (canonical)
mekanik-mekanik (plural)

From English mechanic, from Middle English mechanike (“mechanic art”), from Old French mecanique, from Latin mechanicus (“of or belonging to machines or mechanics, inventive”), from Ancient Greek μηχανικός (mēkhanikós, “pertaining to machines or contrivance, mechanic, ingenious, inventive”), from μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, contrivance”).

mechanic: Someone who builds or repairs machinery, a technician; now specifically, someone who works with and repairs the mechanical parts of a motor vehicle, aircraft or similar.


swike

From Zhangzhou Hokkien 水雞／水鸡 (súi-ke, “frog”, literally “water; river + fowl; chicken”).


plastis

From Dutch plastisch, from German plastisch.

capable of being moulded; malleable, flexible, pliant.


betul

conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.

correct: free from error; true; accurate.


betul

aright: rightly, correctly; in the right way or form.


bisa

From Malay bisa (“venom”), from Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”), Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison”). Doublet of virus.

venom: a poison carried by an animal, usually injected into an enemy or prey by biting or stinging.

(figurative) bad: unfavorable, negative, evil, unhealthy.


bisa

From Malay bisa, from Betawi Ora [Term?], from Javanese ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa, “capable, smart”).


biku

From Malay biku from Pali bhikkhu (“beggar, Buddhist monk”), from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”).


perifer

From Dutch perifeer, from Ancient Greek περιφερής (peripherḗs, “moving around, round, circular”).


kluster

From English cluster, from Middle English cluster, from Old English cluster, clyster (“cluster, bunch, branch”), from Proto-Germanic *klus-, *klas- (“to clump, lump together”) + *-þrą (instrumental suffix). Attested before 1973.

alternative spelling of klaster (“cluster”)


brokat

From Dutch brokaat, from Middle Dutch brocaet, possibly via Middle French brocat, from Italian broccato, from Medieval Latin broccatus.


protektorat

(government, history, politics) protectorate (a protected autonomous state)


materialis

From Dutch materialist. Equivalent to material + -is.

Someone who is materialistic, concerned only with material possessions.

A follower or proponent of philosophical materialism.


materialis

materialist (having features typical of philosophical materialism)


moralitas

Learned borrowing from Latin mōrālitās. Equivalent to moral + -itas.


pluralitas

Affixed plural + -itas, learned borrowing from Latin plūrālitās.


elektromagnet

Borrowed from Dutch elektromagneet (“electromagnet”).


demen

Borrowed from Betawi demen, from Balinese demen, from Old Javanese *ḍĕmĕn.


topik

From Dutch topic, from English topic, from Latin topica, from Ancient Greek τοπικός (topikós, “pertaining to a place, local, pertaining to a common place, or topic, topical”), from τόπος (tópos, “a place”).


elastik

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

From Dutch elastiek, from French élastique, from New Latin elasticus (“elastic”), from Ancient Greek ἐλαστός (elastós), alternative form of ἐλατός (elatós, “ductile”) (cf. ἐλατήρ (elatḗr, “a driver, hurler”)), from ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to drive, set in motion, push, strike, beat out”).

an elastic material used in clothing, particularly in waistbands and cuffs.


krim

From English cream, from French crème (modern French chrême), from Old French cresme, from Late Latin crama, Transalpine Gaulish word influenced by Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “anointing, unction; wall coating, plaster”). Doublet of krèm.

the butterfat/milkfat part of milk which rises to the top; this part when separated from the remainder.

(dermatology, pharmacology) a viscous aqueous oil/fat emulsion with a medicament added, used to apply that medicament to the skin. (compare with ointment)


magnetis

Borrowed from Dutch magnetisch (“magnetic”).


ampu

Inherited from Malay ampu (“to support”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu. Doublet of empu.

inh+

(law) to legally responsible for a minor (in loco parentis) or an incompetent person

to teach a subject (mainly higher education institution subject)


ampu

animal barrier from tops of coconut leaves.


LSL

(epidemiology) Initialism of lelaki seks dengan lelaki; (men who have sex with men)


WTP

wajar tanpa pengecualian
wajar tanpa pengecualian#Indonesian

Initialism of wajar tanpa pengecualian (“unqualified”).


tensi

From Dutch tensie (“pressure”), from French tension (“pressure”), from Middle French tension, from Latin tensiō, tensiōnem.


nira

From Malay nira, from Pali nira (“water”), from Sanskrit नीर (nīra, “water, juice, liquor”).


hakikat

From Malay hakikat, hakekat, from Classical Malay hakekat, hakékat, hakikat, haqiqa, haqiqat, from Arabic حَقِيقَة (ḥaqīqa, “truth, reality”).


intensitas

Affixed intens + -itas, a learned borrowing from Latin intēnsitās.


atur

atur (root)
mengatur (active)
diatur (active involuntary passive)
atur (active)
aturlah (active)
mengaturkan (active applicative causative locative)
diaturkan (applicative causative locative passive)
aturkan (applicative causative locative)
aturkanlah (applicative causative locative)

From Malay atur, from hatur, from Proto-Malayic *hatur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuʀ.


wijaya

From Sanskrit विजय (vijaya). Doublet of bisai.


saraf

From Arabic عَصَب (ʕaṣab, “nerve”) or شَرَف (šaraf, “elevated place; eminence, dignity; honour”).
* The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English nerve and Dutch nerf.


saraf

From Malay saraf, from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf).


aesi

(zoology) gracile lizardfish (Saurida gracilis).


sinyal

From Dutch signaal, from Middle French [Term?] (Modern French signal), from Old French segnal, from Medieval Latin signale, from Late Latin signālis, from Latin signum. Doublet of sein and sinyalir.


meranti

mêranti (canonical)
meranti-meranti (plural)

From Malay meranti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haməti, from Proto-Austronesian *SaməCi (“Solanum nigrum”).

inh

meranti (the timber of any of various trees of the genus Shorea)


tandas

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦱ꧀ (tandhes, “deep down, to the bottom; strong, firm; bare ground”).


tandas

Inherited from Malay تاندس (tandas, “lavatory, toilet”), from Malayalam തണ്ടാസ് (taṇṭāsŭ).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">tandas</i>


tsuru

Borrowed from Japanese 鶴 (つる, tsuru, “crane (bird)”).


awak

From Malay awak, from Classical Malay awak, from Proto-Malayic *awak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”). Semantic loan from Minangkabau awak for sense of a Minangkabau person. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦲꦮꦏ꧀ (awak, “body”).

sl

A group of people (often staff) manning and operating a large facility or piece of equipment such as a factory, ship, boat, airplane, or spacecraft

(usually in compound) crew;
A person in a crew


dikau

From Malay dikau, variant of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


wali

From Malay wali, from Arabic وَلِيّ (waliyy).

(law, Indonesia) A person or institution legally responsible for a minor (in loco parentis).


wali

From Arabic وَالِي (wālī), of وَالٍ (wālin).

A provincial governor in certain Islamic countries; wali.


wali

From Old Javanese wali (“ritual requisites; ceremonial clothes”), bali (“tribute, offering”), from Sanskrit बलि (bali).

der

(obsolete) yellow drapery for ceremonial use.


wali

clipping of rajawali (“peregrine falcon”).


ragu

undecided, wavering, uncertain, or hesitating in opinion

arousing doubt; questionable; open to suspicion.


ragu

infinitive, imperative and colloquial of meragu


lanca

From Malay lanca, from Classical Malay lanca.


lanca

From Malay lanca, from Hokkien 人車 /人车 (lâng-chhia, “rickshaw”).

Nonstandard spelling of lancia (“rickshaw”).


raffinaderij

Unadapted borrowing of Dutch raffinaderij (“refinery”).


kyoku

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 局(きょく) (kyoku, “bureau, department”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.


jero

Borrowed from Balinese ᬚᭂᬭᭀ (jero), from Old Javanese jro (“interior; inner part; depth”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rɟuh, *ɟruh, *ɟruuʔ (“deep”). Compare to Javanese ꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴ (jero, “inside”), Semai jereeq (“deep”), Temiar jeruk, Khmer ជ្រៅ (crɨw, “deep, profound”).


andika

From Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏ (andika, “to tell; you (honourable)”), from Old Javanese andika (“words, command, order, decree”).

der

(honourable, archaic) you, e.g. Your Majesty.


pasu

From Malay pasu (“vase; pot”), from Portuguese vaso (“vase; container”), from Old Galician-Portuguese vaso, from Latin vāsum (“vessel; vase”). Doublet of vas.
* The sense of rice measure is a semantic loan from Lawangan [Term?], most likely as loanword from Malay pasu above.


hiper-

From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”), from *upo (“under, below”). Doublet of super.


poci

From Dutch potje, diminutive of pot, from Middle Dutch pot, from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”). Doublet of pot.

pot: a vessel used for brewing or serving drinks.


ABG

(immigration) Initialism of anak berkewarganegaraan ganda (“dual citizenship child”)..


sabo

Borrowed from Japanese 砂防(さぼう) (sabō, “erosion control”).


babo

From Malay babu. From Javanese ꦧꦧꦸ (babu, “female servant”, literally “mother”), from Old Javanese babu (“mother; older servant”), wawuh (“familiar, acquainted”). Compare Portuguese babo.


langsat

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual

langsat; a cultivar of the tree Lansium domesticum


aora

a place to collect water or sago juice that has been filtered, made from the fronds of the nibun tree


jurnal

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch journaal, from French journal, from Old French journal (“daily”), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).

A newspaper or magazine dealing with a particular subject.

(accounting, trading) A chronological record of payments.

journal,
A chronological record of payments.

(computing) log: A chronological record of changes made.


krep

From Dutch crêpe, from French crêpe, from Latin crispus.

A soft thin light fabric with a crinkled surface.

A flat round pancake-like pastry from Lower Brittany, made with wheat.


Kroasia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


bahari

From Malay bahari,
from Classical Malay bahari, from Arabic بَحْرِيّ (baḥriyy, “maritime”).


bahari

From Malay bahari, from Classical Malay bahari, from Persian بهاری (bahâri, “vernal”), بهار (bahâr, “sping, blossom, a female given name”).


bahari

From Malay bahari, from Classical Malay bahari, from Persian [Term?].

(obsolete or dialectal) ancient, old-time.


bahari

(obsolete) to have magic forces; magical.


HAM

hak asasi manusia
hak asasi manusia#Indonesian

(law) acronym of hak asasi manusia (“human right”).


sentral

From Dutch centraal (“central”), from French central, from Middle French central, from Latin centrālis. Doublet of senter.


sentral

sèntral (canonical)
sentral-sentral (plural)

center (US, Canada), centre (UK, Aus, NZ)


demokratik

From English democratic, from Old French democratique, from Ancient Greek δημοκρατικός (dēmokratikós, “of or for democracy", "favoring or suited for democracy”).

δημοκρατικός

Republik Demokratik Timor Leste

(politics) democratic: Pertaining to democracy; favoring democracy, or constructed upon the principle of government by the people.


Tionghoa

Borrowed from Chinese Hokkien 中華／中华 (Tiong-hôa).

China: A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.

any of several Sinitic languages or dialects spoken in China, especially Literary Chinese, Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu or Min Nan.

the logographic writing system shared by this language family.

all people of Chinese origin or self-identity.


Tionghoa

related to China or her people or her language


Tiongkok

China: the principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People's Republic of China.


Tiongkok

Chinese (of, from, or related to the People's Republic of China)


Republik Rakyat Tiongkok

People's Republic of China#English:_Q148

People's Republic of China (a country in East Asia, The official name of China, sometimes contrasted to the Republic of China (Taiwan))


Republik Tiongkok

Republic of China
Republic of China#English:_Q865

Republic of China (a country in East Asia, modern-day Taiwan, the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)


bekas

From Malay bekas, from Classical Malay bekas (“track”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bekas. Cognate of Minangkabau bakeh.


oper

Borrowed from Dutch over. Doublet of over.


metabolisme

mètabolismê (canonical)
metabolisme-metabolisme (plural)

From Dutch metabolisme, from French métabolisme, from Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “change”), compound of μετά (metá, “meta-”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”).


TPS

tempat pemungutan suara
tempat pemungutan suara#Indonesian

(government, politics) Initialism of tempat pemungutan suara.

tempat pembuangan sampah
tempat pembuangan sampah#Indonesian

tes potensi skolastik
tes potensi skolastik#Indonesian

(psychology) Initialism of tes potensi skolastik.

Initialism of tempat penimbunan sementara.


maling

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦭꦶꦁ (maling, “thief; to steal”), from Old Javanese maliṅ (“thief; thievish; stealthy”).


sioca

(dialect) miss, a term of address for a young or unmarried woman.


Yosua

(Christianity, Judaism) Joshua (Biblical character)

(Christianity, Judaism) Joshua (book of the Bible)


matrioska

Borrowed from Russian матрёшка (matrjóška), from personal name Матрёна (Matrjóna), formerly Матро́на (Matróna), ultimately from Latin mātrōna (“matron”).


melati

Inherited from Malay melati, from
Classical Malay melati, from Sanskrit मालती (mālatī, “jasmine”).

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual

(law enforcement, military) the epaulette of a middle-rank officer in the Indonesian National Armed Forces and Indonesian National Police


loh

Loh, kok aneh?

Loh, bukan itu yang dikatakannya

Hang on, that's not what they (3s) said.

(colloquial) What!?, Oh come off it!, hang on... (did I hear that right?)


loh

Gua nggak mau loh.

Suaminya insinyur di perusahaan Jepang loh.

Her husband works as an engineer in a Japanese firm! (in this sentence, adding lho suggests that he is no ordinary man)

Jam dua loh.

(colloquial) Adds emphasis at the end of a sentence or clause.


loh

loh batu

loh mahfuz

alternative spelling of lauh (“board, tablet, slab”)


rendang

rêndang (canonical)
rendang-rendang (plural)

From Malay rendang, from Classical Malay رندڠ (rĕndang), from Minangkabau randang, from Proto-Malayic *rəndaŋ. Compare Iban rendai, Urak Lawoi' เรอนัก (renak) and Pattani Malay รฺือแน (ɣənɛ).

rendang (dish made of beef or other ingredients cooked in chilies and coconut milk until dry)


denger

head

dêngêr (active ngedenger, passive didenger)

dêngêr (canonical)
ngedenger (active)
didenger (passive)

(colloquial, dialectal) alternative form of dengar (“to hear; to listen”)


Aram

Yakub melarikan diri ke tanah Aram, dan Israel memperhambakan diri untuk mendapat isteri, ya, untuk mendapat isteri ia menjadi gembala.

1985, Alkitab Bahasa Indonesia Sehari-hari (BIS), Kitab Hosea 12:12:

Jacob fled to the land of Aram, and Israel worked for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep.

Aram (historical region corresponding to present-day Syria and northern Israel)


piagam

Piagam Madinah


Isa

From Malay Isa, from Classical Malay Isa, from Arabic عِيسَى (ʕīsā).

der

Arabic عِيسَى (ʕīsā)

(Islam) Jesus (Isa), son of Mary, revered as a major prophet in Islam.


patena

(Catholicism) paten: The plate used to hold the host during the Eucharist.


peduli

From Malay peduli, from Arabic فُضُولِيّ (fuḍūliyy, “curious; meddlesome”).


padam

padam (root)
padam (active)
padamlah (active)
memadamkan (active applicative causative locative)
dipadamkan (applicative causative locative passive)
padamkan (applicative causative locative)
padamkanlah (applicative causative locative)


padam

Apinya telah padam.


waham

* From Arabic وَهْم (wahm, “imagination, fancy”).
* Semantic loan from Dutch waan (“delusion”).


hipotek

hipotèk (canonical)
hipotek-hipotek (plural)

From Dutch hypotheek, from Latin hypothēca (“pledge, mortgage”), from Ancient Greek ὑποθήκη (hupothḗkē, “warning, pledge”).


capai

capai (root)
mencapai (active)
tercapai (active involuntary)
dicapai (active involuntary passive)
capai (active)
capailah (active)
mencapaikan (active applicative causative locative)
tercapaikan (applicative causative locative)
dicapaikan (applicative causative locative passive)
capaikan (applicative causative locative)
capaikanlah (applicative causative locative)

From Malay capai, from Classical Malay capai.


capai

From Malay capai, from Classical Malay capai, from Javanese capek (ꦕꦥꦺꦏ꧀, “tired”), from Tamil சப்பை (cappai, “insipid; useless”, literally “flat”). Doublet of capek.


Dayak

From Malay Dayak, from Dutch Dayak, coined by August Kaderland in 1895, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daya, likely used to refer peoples living in the interiors of Borneo.


jendela

From Malay jendela, from Portuguese janela, from Vulgar Latin *januella, diminutive of Latin jānua, alternative spelling of iānua (“door, double-doored entrance”), from Iānus (“Janus, Roman god of gates and doorways”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

an opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building or vehicle.

(computing) a rectangular area on a computer terminal or screen containing some kind of user interface, displaying the output of and allowing input for one of a number of simultaneously running computer processes.


aksen

Borrowed from Dutch accent, from Middle Dutch accent, ultimately from Latin accentus.

(linguistics) a higher-pitched or stronger articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.

(linguistics) the distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.

(orthography) a mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked.

emphasis laid on a part of an artistic design or composition; an emphasized detail, in particular a detail in sharp contrast to its surroundings.


kurma

From Malay kurma, from Persian خرما (xormâ, “date”), from Middle Persian 𐡕𐡌𐡓𐡉𐡍 (Tᵍ, hwlmʾk', xormā, “date”), possibly from earlier *harmāw.

Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactylifera#Translingual

date, the fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel.


Yunus

(Islam, Christianity, Judaism) Jonah (prophet)

(Christianity, Judaism) Jonah (book of the Bible)


histori

From Dutch historie, from Middle Dutch historie, from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía).


ilah

From Malay ilah, from Arabic إِلٰه (ʔilāh, “god”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.


accent circonflexe

id-noun

accent circonflexe (plural accent-accent circonflexe)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accent circonflexe (“circumflex”) or French accent circonflexe (“circumflex”), from Latin accentus circumflexus.


priapisme

From Ancient Greek πριαπισμός (priapismós).

Priapisme adalah kondisi medis yang menyakitkan dan berpotensi bahaya karena penis berereksi dan tidak dapat kembali kepada keadaannya yang semula dalam waktu di bawah empat jam, walaupun rangsangan fisik atau psikologis sudah diberikan.


jaran

From Javanese ꦗꦫꦤ꧀ (jaran), from Old Javanese jaran.


THT

(medicine) Initialism of telinga, hidung, dan tenggorok (“ENT; ear, nose and throat”).


keran

From Dutch kraan, from Middle Dutch crāne, from Old Dutch *crano, from Proto-Germanic *kranô, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Doublet of kran.


feodal

From Old French feodal, from Medieval Latin feodalis, from feodum, feudum, fevum (“fief, fee”), from Frankish *fehu (“cattle, owndom, property, fee”), from Proto-Germanic *fehu (“cattle”).


hibrida

(biology) offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.

(linguistics) a word whose elements are derived from different languages.


mendam

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦩ꧀ (mendem, “intoxicated”), from Old Javanese mĕndĕm, mĕṇḍĕm (“drunk”), probably from Tamil மதம் (matam, “honey; madness, frenzy; inebriety, intoxication”), from Sanskrit मद (mada).


banget

Aku seneng banget


revisi

révisi (canonical)
revisi-revisi (plural)

→ Tetum: revisi

From Dutch revisie, from French révision, from Latin revīsiō.

the action or process of reviewing, editing and amending.

modification: a changed edition, or new version.


majalah

From Malay majalah, from Arabic مَجَلَّة (majalla).


apologi

From Dutch apologie (“apology”), from French apologie (“apology”), from Latin apologia, from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “a speech made in defense of something”). Doublet of apologia.


fisis

From Dutch fysisch, from German physisch, from Latin physicus, from Ancient Greek φυσικός (phusikós). Doublet of fisik and fisika.


karim

From Arabic كَرِيم (karīm, “kind, honourable, noble, generous”).

noble, generous (by disposition), magnanimous


sistematik

From Malay sistematik, from English systematic.


anua

Borrowed from Luhu [Term?], probably from Portuguese ânuo, from Latin annuus (“annual, yearly”).

household cleaning activities simultaneously in each house for 1-2 days before the fasting month


permana

From Malay permana, from Sanskrit प्रमाण (pramāṇa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pramaHnam. Doublet of firman.


daur

Inherited from Malay daur (“period”), from Arabic دَوْر (dawr, “role; turn; rotation; circle, cycle”).


dekaliter

Affixed deka- + liter, from Dutch decaliter, from French décalitre.


internuntius

intêrnuntius (canonical)
internuntius-internuntius (plural)

Affixed inter- + *nuntius, from Dutch internuntius, from Latin internuntius.


baur

Inherited from Malay باءور (baur). Compare Javanese ꦧꦮꦸꦂ (bawur), Javanese ꦧꦲꦸꦂ (bahur).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">baur</i>


baur

bintara urusan
bintara urusan#Indonesian

(military) Acronym of bintara urusan (“administrative non-commissioned officer”).


baur

wooden or rattan handle of knife, machetes, etc.


baur

traditional medicine to cure stomach ulcers, made from turmeric which is pounded then squeezed and the juice is drunk.


meki

(slang, vulgar) cunt, pussy, twat (female genitalia)


kafilah

From Arabic قَافِلَة (qāfila, “caravan; column, convoy”).


rapel

From Dutch rappel (“reminder”), from French rappel (“reminder”).


romantika

romantic: Having the qualities of romance (in the sense of something appealing deeply to the imagination); invoking on a powerfully sentimental idea of life; evocative, atmospheric.


pasif

→ Malay: pasif

Borrowed from Dutch passief (“passive”), from Latin passivus (“serving to express the suffering of an action”).


krisma

From Late Latin crisma, from Ecclesiastical Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “anointing”, “unction”), from χρίω (khríō, “anoint”).

(Catholicism) chrism: a mixture of oil and balm, consecrated for use as an anointing fluid in certain Christian ceremonies, especially confirmation.

(Catholicism) ellipsis of sakramen krisma (“confirmation”): a ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18.


havana

Borrowed from Spanish La Habana, from Taíno Habaguanex.

Havana: a type of large cigar produced in Cuba.


bahana

From Malay bahana, from Classical Malay bahana, from Pali bhāṇa, from Sanskrit भनति (bhanati, “to sound, to speak”).


antara

From Malay antara.
* From Sanskrit अन्तर (antara, “interior, interval, difference”)
* From Sanskrit अन्तरा (antarā, “in the middle, between”)


antara

between: in the position or interval that separates (two things), or intermediate in quantity or degree.

among: denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects.


karantina

From Dutch quarantaine (“quarantine”), from French quarantaine (“quarantine”), from Venetan Italian quarantina (“quarantine”, literally “period of forty days”), from Latin quadrāgintā (“forty”).

quarantine, a sanitary measure to prevent the spread of a contagious plague by isolating those believed or feared to be infected.


pinset

From Dutch pincet, from Middle French pincette (“tweezers; poker”).


sma

satuan massa atom
satuan massa atom#Indonesian

(chemistry) Abbreviation of satuan massa atom (“atomic mass unit”).


pari-

From Sanskrit परि (pari, “around, round; about”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pári, from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri-.


ayu

From Malay ayu, from Javanese ꦲꦪꦸ (ayu, “beautiful, pretty”), from Old Javanese ayu, hayu (“good, virtuousness, welfare, happiness; beauty, loveliness”).


relik

From Dutch reliek, from Old French, from Latin reliquiae (“remains, relics”), from relinquō (“I leave behind, abandon, relinquish”), from re- + linquō (“I leave, quit, forsake, depart from”).

relic: That which remains; that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion.


mudik

From Betawi mudik, from Javanese mudik.
Related to udik (“upstream, village”), see sense 2.

1991, "Legislatif Jaya, Volume 9", Humas DPRD DKI Jakarta, page 14

The habit of the Jakarta inhabitants to go mudik every Eid al-Fitr has been ongoing for perhaps more than a century.

Kebiasaan warga Jakarta pergi mudik pada setiap Hari Raya Lebaran, sudah berlangsung mungkin satu abad lebih.

(colloquial) to do mudik, annual homecoming traditions in Indonesia, specifically at Eid al-Fitr.

(colloquial, loosely) to return to hometown.


mudik

From Malay mudik, from Classical Malay mudik (“go upstream”). Cognate with Acehnese mudék.


aplikan

From English applicant, from Latin applicans, present participle of applicare.


makro-

From Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”). Doublet of makro.


istisna

Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِثْنَاء (istiṯnāʔ, “exception”).

bor+

اِسْتِثْنَاء


jagung

From Malay jagung, from Javanese ꦗꦮꦲꦒꦸꦁ (jawa agung, literally “big jawa (foxtail millet)”).


lali

From Malay lali (“numb; insensitive”). Cognate of Javanese ꦭꦭꦶ (lali, “to forget; to neglect, to be indifferent; to be absorbed in”), Old Javanese lali (“to forget, fail to notice; to neglect, be indifferent”).


maui

head

maui (active memaui, passive dimaui, perfective passive termaui)

memaui (active)
dimaui (passive)
termaui (passive perfective)


yakin

From Malay yakin, from Arabic يَقِين (yaqīn, “certain, undoubted”).


aeni

From Korean 애니 (aeni), a clipping of 애니메이션 (aenimeisyeon, “animation”), from English animation. Doublet of animasi and anime.


gim

From English game, from Middle English game, gamen, gammen, from Old English gamen (“sport, joy, mirth, pastime, game, amusement, pleasure”), from Proto-Germanic *gamaną (“amusement, pleasure, game", literally "participation, communion, people together”), from *ga- (collective prefix) + *mann- (“man”); or alternatively from *ga- + a root from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think, have in mind”).
The original English /-ɛɪ-/ pronunciation is raised to /-ɪ-/, likely being in accordance with rules of loans from Dutch like praktijk (pronounced with /-ɛɪ-/) → praktik.

pengembang gim


gim

From Betawi gim, from Hokkien 金 (kim, “gold”).


gim

From English game point. Under influence by the same word in etymology 1.


SKP

sasaran kerja pegawai
sasaran kerja pegawai#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of sasaran kerja pegawai.

satuan kredit profesi
satuan kredit profesi#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of satuan kredit profesi.


endogen

(medicine) endogen: any substance from inside the body


senapati

sénapati (canonical)
senapati-senapati (plural)

Compound of sena (“army”) + pati (“lord, master”), from Sanskrit सेनापति (senāpati, “commandant, commander, general”).


ekso-

From Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō, “outer; external”).


dikirim

head

dikirim (base-imperative kirim, active mengirim, passive dikirim, accidental passive terkirim)


tekan

tekan (active menekan, passive ditekan, involuntary/perfective passive tertekan)

Inherited from Malay tekan, from Proto-Malayic *təkən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təkən (“downward pressure; bamboo punting pole”).


cadar

From Malay cadar (“veil, covering”), from Punjabi or Urdu چادر (čādar), from Persian چادر (čâdor, čâdar, “tent, chador”).

der

covering, such as bed cover or table cloth


Agustus

From Dutch augustus, from Latin Augustus.


DPT

(politics) Initialism of daftar pemilih tetap (“electoral register, electoral roll”).

(healthcare) Initialism of difteria, pertusis, tetanus (“diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus”).


TMP

Initialism of taman makam pahlawan (“heroes' cemetery”, literally “heroes cemetery park”).


empu

From Malay empu, from Old Javanese empu, mpu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu. Doublet of ampu.

An honorific title applied to artists (especially craftsmen, as famous krismaker Empu Gandring) and scholars (or poets as Empu Tantular, Empu Sedah, Empu Panuluh) in ancient Javanese history.

(rare) maestro: a master in some art, especially a composer or conductor.


elipsis

Learned borrowing from Latin ellipsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis, “omission”).

(typography) a mark consisting of (in English) three periods, historically or more formally with spaces in between, before, and after them, " . . . ", or, more recently, a single character, "…", used to indicate that words have been omitted in a text or that they are missing or illegible, or (in mathematics) that a pattern continues (e.g., 1, ..., 4 means 1, 2, 3, 4).

(grammar) The omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from the context.


nabe

a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe.


kawi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦶ (kawi), from Old Javanese kawi (“poet”), from Sanskrit कवि (kavi).

The oldest attested form of Javanese language spoken up to the thirteenth century.

The oldest and most extensive written language of Southeast Asia (chiefly, in terms of written records, and the most extensive in the number and variety of its texts).


kawi

Borrowed from Arabic قَوِي (qawī, “strong”).


kawi

(Bugis) traditional Buginese tie or binding technique.


gaya

From Malay gaya, probably from Sanskrit गय (gaya, “acquired or conquered properties”) or वयस् (vayas, “power”).
* Semantic loan from Dutch kracht (“force”) for physics sense.

sl

(physics) force: a physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body and which has a direction and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance/time² (ML/T²): SI: newton (N); CGS: dyne (dyn).


gaya

From Malay gaya, probably from Sanskrit गय (gaya, “acquired or conquered properties”).


interaksi

intêraksi (canonical)
interaksi-interaksi (plural)

From English interaction, as inter- (“inter-”) + aksi (“action”).


interaksi dasar

id-noun

interaksi dasar (plural interaksi-interaksi dasar)

fundamental interaction
fundamental interaction


gravitasi

From Dutch gravitatie, from New Latin gravitātiō.

(classical mechanics) The force at the Earth's surface, of the attraction by the Earth's masses, and the centrifugal pseudo-force caused by the Earth's rotation, resulting from gravitation.

(classical mechanics) gravitation: The fundamental force of attraction that exists between all particles with mass in the universe. It is the weakest of the four forces, and possesses a gauge boson known as the graviton.


gaya nuklir lemah

gaya nuklir lemah (plural gaya-gaya nuklir lemah)


gaya nuklir kuat

gaya nuklir kuat (plural gaya-gaya nuklir kuat)

strong nuclear force
strong nuclear force


gaya elektromagnetik

gaya elektromagnetik (plural gaya-gaya elektromagnetik)

electromagnetic force
electromagnetic force


ovarium

(anatomy) ovary: A female reproductive organ, often paired, that produces ova and in mammals secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.


bekleding

bêkléding (canonical)
bekleding-bekleding (plural)


soal

From Malay soal, from Classical Malay سوٴال (soal), from Arabic سُؤَال (suʔāl).

(education) problem, question, exercise, paper.


cik

From Dutch chic, from French chic (“elegant”), probably from German Schick (“elegant appearance; tasteful presentation”), from Middle High German schicken (“to outfit oneself, fit in, arrange appropriately”), causative of Middle High German geschehen, geschēn (“to happen, rush”), from Old High German giskehan (“to happen”), from Proto-West Germanic *skehan, from Proto-Germanic *skehaną (“to run, move quickly”), from Proto-Indo-European *skek- (“to run, jump, spring”).


prokes

protokol kesehatan
protokol kesehatan#Indonesian

Short for protokol kesehatan (“health protocol”).


aprikot

Borrowed from English apricot. Doublet of abrikos.

a round sweet and juicy stone fruit, resembling peach or plum in taste, with a yellow-orange flesh, lightly fuzzy skin and a large seed inside

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

apricot
the apricot tree, Prunus armeniaca


nangka

Inherited from Malay nangka, from
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *naŋka.

Artocarpus heterophyllus
Artocarpus heterophyllus#Translingual

jackfruit, the tropical tree Artocarpus heterophyllus


kemiri

→ English: kemiri

From Malay kemiri, from Proto-Austronesian *kamiri.


barisan

(mathematics) progression: a sequence obtained by adding or multiplying each term by a constant.

a row or panel of items stored or grouped together.

a row of keys on a musical keyboard or the equivalent on a typewriter keyboard.


pertamax

Compound of pertama (“first”) + x (literally “time”), a textspeak of pertama kali (“first time”).
Reinforced by Pertamax, a fuel product by Indonesian state-owned corporation Pertamina, this brand was etymologically blended from Pertamina + max, the latter is an English word.

blend

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">max</i>

(Internet slang) the first comment on the topic, blog entry or forum threads


bispak

Blend of bisa (“be able”) + pakai (“to use, to wear”).

(slang, obsolete) a female who has sexual intercourse or engages in other sexual activity for pure enjoyment, without payment


bispak

Blend of bis (“bus”) + sumpek (“crowded, stuffy”).


tempik

(slang, vulgar) cunt, pussy, twat (female genitalia)


balgam

From Arabic بَلْغَم (balḡam, “sputum”), from Ancient Greek φλέγμα (phlégma, “phlegm, a cold slimy humour of the body”). Doublet of flegma.


ngakak

From Javanese ngakak. Doublet of mengakak.


manggis

Garcinia mangostana
Garcinia mangostana#Translingual

mangosteen, fruit of Garcinia mangostana tree


buana

From Malay buana (“world”), from Sanskrit भुवन (bhuvana, “the world”). Cognate to Sundanese ᮘᮥᮃᮔ (buana).


takoyaki

Borrowed from Japanese 蛸焼(たこや)き (takoyaki).

A ball-shaped Japanese dumpling made of batter and filled with diced octopus, tempura scraps, pickled ginger, and green onion.


sri

From Sanskrit श्री (śrī). Spelling is influenced from Javanese ꦱꦿꦶ (sri). Cognate to Malay seri.

used as a respectful title (like "Reverend") to the names of eminent persons.


kuman

From Malay kuman, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuman.


persis

From Dutch precies (“exact”) (alternative Brabantian spelling percies, persies), from Middle French precis, from Latin precisus, praecīsus.

Itu persis seperti yang ibu minta.

That is exactly like what mom was asking.


animisme

From Dutch animisme, from French animisme.


rusak

From Malay rosak, rusak (Standard Malay rosak), from Classical Malay روسق (rosak), روسق (rusak).

not working properly; out of order; damaged; broken


sapu

From Malay sapu, from Proto-Malayic *sapu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sapu.


buat

From Malay buat, from Classical Malay بوات (buat), from Old Malay vuat, from Proto-Malayic *buat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat.


tangkai

Classifier for nouns referring stalks, flowers and objects with handles.


tahil

tael: a traditional unit of weight, equal 3.7 grams.


candi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (candi), from Old Javanese caṇḍi (“temple, sanctuary”).

Hikmah tersebut menghunjam dengan dalam ketika ritual telanjang itu sudah 11 kali mengelilingi candi.

2007, Gabriel Sindhunata, Petruk jadi guru, page 177:

This wisdom sank deeply, when the naked ritual had circled the temple 11 times.

ancient temple (archeological site of former Hindu or Buddhist temple in Indonesia)


suaka

From Malay suaka, ultimately from Sanskrit सेवक (sevaka).


forsir

From Dutch forceren, from Middle Dutch frotseren, from Old French forcer, from Vulgar Latin *fortiāre, from Late Latin fortia, from Latin fortis (“strong”).


tifus

From New Latin typhus, from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever, stupor”), from τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dhubh-, extended form of *dheu- (“scatter like dust”).

(pathology) typhus: one of several similar diseases, characterised by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria. Not to be confused with typhoid fever.


seser

Inherited from Malay seser, from Javanese ꦱꦺꦱꦺꦂ (sèsèr), from Old Javanese seser.

tools for catching fish from woven bamboo


seser

(dance) the dancer's movement involves shifting his feet to the right and left


sintas

From words patterns lintas, pintas, tuntas, pantas, rantas. Initial 's' analogue with English survive.
Coined by Indonesian biologist Mien Achmad Rifai in 1997.


suara

From Malay suara, from Sanskrit स्वर (svara, “voice, sound”). The sense of "opinion, vote" is a semantic loan from Dutch stem (“vote”, literally “voice”).


RRT

Republik Rakyat Tiongkok
Republik Rakyat Tiongkok#Indonesian

Initialism of Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (“People's Republic of China”).


palka

From Portuguese falca, from Arabic فَلْقَ (falqa, “split, fissure”).

(nautical) hold: space for carrying cargo.


rasisme

Internationalism, affixed rasis + -isme, borrowed from Dutch racisme, from French racisme.


Palembang

Palembang (a city, the provincial capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia).


Semarang

Semarang (a city in Central Java, Indonesia)

Semarang (a regency of Central Java, Indonesia; capital: Ungaran)


huruf hidup

Compound of huruf + hidup, from Malay huruf hidup. Compare to Arabic حَرَكَة (ḥaraka, “vowel”, literally “movement, motion”).


huruf mati

Compound of huruf + mati, from Malay huruf mati. Compare to Arabic صَامِت (ṣāmit, “consonant”, literally “silent”).


konsonan

From Dutch consonant, from Old French consonant, from Latin cōnsonāns (“sounding with”), from the prefix con- (“with”) + the present participle sonāns (“sounding”), from sonāre (“to sound”).


sahaya

From Malay sahaya, from Sanskrit सहाय (sahāya). Doublet of saya.


sahaya

(archaic) Alternative form of saya (“I, me, my”)


dari mana

Equivalent to dari (“from”) + mana (“where”).

Mereka datang dari mana?

Where do they come from? (literally, “They come from where?”)

Dari mana arahnya?


jangan

From Malay jangan, from Classical Malay جاڠن (jangan), from Old Malay jāṅan, from Proto-Malayic *jaŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaŋan.

Jangan bohong.

Jangan mencuri.

Expresses that something is forbidden or shouldn't happen. Don't!


sepupu

sêpupu (canonical)
sepupu-sepupu (plural)

Inherited from Malay sepupu. Equivalent to se- (“same”) + pupu (“ancestor”).


keturunan

Affixed turun + ke- -an, from Malay keturunan, from Classical Malay keturunan (“descendant”).


keturunan

hereditary: passed (of a disease or trait) from a parent to offspring in the genes.


abah

Inherited from Malay abah (“direction”). Doublet of aba.


datuk

Inherited from Malay datuk, from Proto-Malayic *datuʔ (“head of a clean, elderly leader”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu, from Proto-Austronesian *datu. Doublet of ratu.

(dialect, Minangkabau) traditional chief.

(dialect, obsolete) synonym of harimau (“tiger”)


nenek

From Malay nenek, from Proto-Malayic *niniʔ.


moyang

From Malay moyang, from Proto-Malayic *(əm)pu + *hiaŋ, equivalent with blend of empu + hyang. Cognates with Central Malay puyang.


ayahanda

Affixed ayah (“father”) + -anda, from Malay ayahanda.


kakang

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ (kakang). Doublet of kakak.


akang

From Sundanese akang (ᮃᮊᮀ, “elder brother”).

(literally or figuratively, chiefly Banten and West Java) elder brother


famili

relative: someone in the same family; someone connected by blood, marriage, or adoption.


Melayu

Malay (pertaining to ethnic group or language)

melayukan

(transitive) to make something become Malay


delima

From Malay delima, from Pali dāḷima, from Sanskrit दाडिम (dāḍima, “pomegranate tree”).


kosong

hollow: having an empty space or cavity inside.


sifar

Inherited from Malay صفر (sifar, “zero”), from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr). Doublet of Safar, sifar, and zero.

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">sifar</i>

inh+

zero: the cardinal number occurring before one and that denotes no quantity or amount at all, represented in Arabic numerals as 0.


sifar

the numeric symbol that represents the cardinal number zero.

the digit 0 in the decimal, binary, and all other base numbering systems.

the value of a magnitude corresponding to the cardinal number zero.


dwi

From Malay dwi, from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi), from द्व (dvá), from Proto-Indo-European *dwó, *dwóh₁.


puluh

From Malay puluh, from Proto-Malayic *puluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *puluq.


ratus ribu

hundred thousand
hundred thousand#English


dua belas

From Malay dua belas, from Classical Malay dua belas. Equivalent to dua + belas.


sembilan belas

sembilan + belas, from Malay sembilan belas.


dua puluh

dua + puluh, from Malay dua puluh, from Proto-Malayic *dua(ʔ) puluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa puluq.


pacu

spur, toothed or spiked wheel fixed to one's boot for prodding a horse rode on.


resing

From English racing, a pun or a minced oath of English racist.


sawah

From Malay sawah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabaq (“irrigated ricefield”). Cognate of Javanese sawah, Madurese sabâ ,and Sundanese sawah.


Bumi

(astronomy) Earth: The third planet of the Solar System; the world upon which humans live.


zirafah

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.?
Classical Persian سرنا
Proto-Indo-European *ped-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *pṓds
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts
Proto-Iranian *pā́dah
Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (p-a-d)
Classical Persian پَا (pā)
Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā)bor.
Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐbor.
Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa)bor.
Malay zirafah
Indonesian zirafah
Inherited from Malay zirafah, from Arabic زَرَافَة (zarāfa). Doublet of jerapah and zarafah.

etymon

Nonstandard form of jerapah: giraffe (mammal)


cek

Borrowed from Dutch cheque (“cheque”) (compare Afrikaans tjek), from English cheque, from Middle English chek, from Old French eschec, from Medieval Latin scaccus, from Arabic شَاه (šāh), from Classical Persian شاه (šāh, “king”). Doublet of syah.

check, cheque: a draft directing a bank to pay money to a named person or entity.


cek

From English check, from Middle English chekken, from Old French eschequier, from Medieval Latin scaccarium.


leher

From Malay leher, from Proto-Malayic *lihər, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *lihər, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *lihər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liqəʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *liqəʀ.

neck (the part of body connecting the head and the trunk found in humans and some animals)


indu

Borrowed from Minangkabau [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *indu. Doublet of induk.


infus

From Dutch infuus, from French infusion.

(medicine) infusion: the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein for medical purposes


tegangan

têgangan (canonical)
tegangan-tegangan (plural)

Affixed tegang (“tense”) + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch spanning (“tension, voltage”) for physics, psychology and literature senses, see also the loanword spaning.

sl

the condition of being held in a state between two or more forces, which are acting in opposition to each other.

(Standard Malay)

(physics) force transmitted through a rope, string, cable, or similar object.

(psychology) psychological state of being tense.

tension:
psychological state of being tense.

(literature) a feeling of nervousness, excitement, or fear that is created in a movie, book, etc.; suspense.

tegangan listrik
tegangan listrik#Indonesian

potential difference
potential difference#English

(physics) ellipsis of tegangan listrik (“potential difference, voltage”).

the internal distribution of force across a small boundary per unit area of that boundary (pressure) within a body. It causes strain or deformation and is typically symbolised by σ or τ.

Force externally applied to a body which cause internal stress within the body.

(Standard Malay)

(literature) suspense: the pleasurable emotion of anticipation and excitement regarding the outcome or climax of a book, film etc.


anjing hutan

id-noun

anjing hutan (plural anjing-anjing hutan)

Compound of anjing (“dog”) + hutan (“forest”), literally “forest dog”, from Malay anjing hutan.


mamalia

From Latin Mammalia. See there for further etymology.


antelop

From Malay antelop, from English antelope, from Old French antelop, from Medieval Latin antilops, from Byzantine Greek ἀνθόλοψ (anthólops).


banting

(dialect) alternative spelling of banteng (“banteng”)


dekam

(only used with an affix, intransitive) to curl up (to shape one's body into a somewhat ball-like shape, with one's legs tucked into the abdomen, especially for cosiness or for protection)


compte rendu

id-noun

compte rendu (plural compte-compte rendu)

Unadapted borrowing from French compte rendu (“account, report; exposé; review”).


dewata

astrapia (any of the birds in the genus Astrapia, found in New Guinea)


kadaver

From Dutch kadaver (cadaver), from French cadavre, from Latin cadāver.


SKA

(architecture, Indonesia) Initialism of sertifikat keahlian arsitek (“architect competency certificate”).


pirai

(pathology) gout: an extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.


lepas

From Malay lepas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləpas.

within living memory
within living memory


lapangan terbang

id-noun

lapangan têrbang (plural lapangan-lapangan terbang)

lapangan têrbang (canonical)
lapangan-lapangan terbang (plural)

Compound lapangan (“field”) + terbang (“fly”), calque of Dutch vliegveld. Compare Malay lapangan terbang.


ilmu alam

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + alam (“nature”), calque of Dutch natuurkunde (“physics”, literally “nature science”) and Dutch natuurwetenschap (“natural science”).
* The sense of natural science is reinforced by semantic loan from English natural science.
* The sense of physics was displaced by fisika.

sl

Atoeran-atoeran baroe dimasoekkan kepada berbagai-bagai peladjaran, seperti peladjaran: sedjarah, peratoeran pemerintahan, ‘ilmoe boemi, ‘ilmoe pisah dan ‘ilmoe ‘alam, ‘ilmoe toemboeh-toemboehan dan hidoep-hidoepan, keséhatan dan kebersihan, bernjanji, menggambar, ‘ilmoe mendidik, pekerdjaan tangan dan bagi orang Tionghoa Chineesche Cultuur.

New regulations was inserted to various subjects, such as history, government and law, geography, chemistry and physics, biology, health and hygiene, singing, drawing, pedagogy, craft education and Chinese culture for Chinese.

Pada saat Fakultas Ilmu Pasti dan Alam mulai berdiri sendiri sebagai Fakultas, mulai dibuka jurusan baru yang waktu itu disebut Bagian Ilmu Alam, kemudian ditambah satu jurusan lagi yaitu bagian Ilmu Kimia.

When Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty was designated as a faculty, a new course of Physics Department was started and added with Chemistry Department.

Faculteit van Wiskunde en Natuur Wetenschap menjadi Faculteit Ilmu Pasti dan Ilmu Alam (FIPIA), dan sekarang menjadi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA).

Faculteit van Wiskunde en Natuur Wetenschap became Faculteit Ilmu Pasti dan Ilmu Alam, and now has become the Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty (FMIPA).


batang

Inherited from Malay batang, from Proto-Malayic *bataŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataŋ.
* Semantic loan from Banjarese for bathing, washing and toilet areas on the river bank are made from large wooden beams tied together to resemble a raft.
* Semantic loan from Malay (Riau dialect) for ship steering link.
* Semantic loan from Bacanese Malay for a large collection of wood floating in the sea.
* Semantic loan from Central Malay for pantun verses in oral literature.

log (the trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches)

branch (any of the parts of something that divides like the branch of a tree)

(vulgar) shaft (the main cylindrical part of the penis)

(dialect) bathing, washing and toilet areas on the river bank are made from large wooden beams tied together to resemble a raft.

(dialect) a large collection of wood floating in the sea.

(dialect) pantun verses in oral literature.


batang

Used to count anything that has the shape similar to a bar or shaft.


batang

From Javanese ꦧꦛꦁ (bathang), from Old Javanese baṭaṅ, from the same source as above, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataŋ.


bayu

Inherited from Malay bayu, from Sanskrit वायु (vāyú), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwaHyúš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-.


purnama

Affixed purna- + *ma, from Malay purnama, from Sanskrit पूर्णमा (pūrṇamā).

Sinar purnama menyinari teras yang kita duduki berdua.

The light of the full moon shines the porch we both are sitting at.


cendera

From Malay cendera, from Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra, “moon”), from श्चन्द्र (ścandrá, “shining, radiant”). See also candra.


cendera

alternative spelling: cedera


baharu

(chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of baru


masif

From Dutch massief, from Middle French massif (Modern French massif).


kabus

a carriage attached to the end of a train for train operators, such as brakemen


dahan

From Malay dahan, from Proto-Malayic *dahan (compare Malay dahan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (compare Kiput din).

branch (woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing)


TTS

teka-teki silang
teka-teki silang#Indonesian

(games) Initialism of teka-teki silang (“crossword”).


Afrika Selatan

Calque of Dutch Zuid-Afrika or Calque of English South Africa as Afrika + selatan.

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Arab Saudi

From calque of Arabic الْمَمْلَكَة الْعَرَبِيَّة السَّعُودِيَّة (al-mamlaka(t) al-ʕarabiyya(t) as-saʕūdiyya, “Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”).

clq

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


SPB

Initialism of surat persetujuan berlayar (“port clearance”).


bengawan

bêngawan (canonical)
bengawan-bengawan (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦔꦮꦤ꧀ (bangawan, “large river”), from Old Javanese baṅawan (“(great) river”).

bor

Bengawan Solo

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


pluralisme

From Dutch pluralisme (“pluralism”), from French pluralisme (“pluralism”). Reconstructed as plural + -isme.

(sociology) a social system that permits smaller groups within a society to maintain their individual cultural identities.

(politics) the belief that there should be diverse and competing centers of power in society.


aspal

From Dutch asfalt (“asphalt”). Doublet of asfal.


aspal

Blend of asli + palsu, from phrase asli tapi palsu (“fake for real”, literally “real but fake”).

imitation thing that looks exactly like the real thing.


jauh

From Malay jauh, from Proto-Malayic *jauh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)zauq.

Desa ini jauh dari pegunungan.


betis

Inherited from Malay betis, from Proto-Malayic *bətis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətiəs, from Proto-Austronesian *bətiəs.

(anatomy) calf (anatomy: back of the leg below the knee)


payung

Inherited from Malay payung, from Proto-Malayic *payuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payuŋ.

a cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun

(figurative) anything that provides protection

umbrella
anything that provides protection


manik

From Sanskrit मणि (maṇi). Doublet of benik.


manik

From English manic, from Ancient Greek μανικός (manikós).

mania: the state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels.


karam

Inherited from Malay karam, Proto-Austronesian *kaɣəm.


babesia

Internationalism, after Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș.

(microbiology, epidemiology) babesia: Any of the hematozoa of the genus Babesia that invades the erythrocytes of living mammals, notably including cattle and humans, causing any of several babesioses.


gada

From Malay gada (“mace”), from Sanskrit गदा (gadā, “mace”).


adaptif

Borrowed from Dutch adaptief, from French adaptif.

adaptive (of, pertaining to, characterized by or showing adaptation)


alir

From Malay alir, from Proto-Malayic *halir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaliʀ, from the root *-liʀ.


alir

(dialectal, uncommon) a rod, usually with live bait to catch a crocodile


alir

to catch, a crocodile with that fishing rod


-ida

Any of a group of related compounds - azide, polysaccharide, glycoside.

A binary compound - bromide, arsenide, palladide.


akas

Inherited from Malay akas (“dexterous”).


akas

Borrowed from Hindi आकाश (ākāś), from Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa).


akas

Borrowed from Sundanese [Term?] and Javanese ꦲꦏꦱ꧀ (akas, “crusty: hard and dry”), from Old Javanese akas (“hard, inflexible, unyielding, obstinate”), kas (“hardness, inflexibility”).


akas

Inherited from Malay akas, from Arabic عَكْس (ʕaks, “contrary; reverse; opposite”).


glikogen

glikogèn (canonical)
glikogen-glikogen (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch glycogeen, from French glycogène.

(biochemistry) glycogen: A polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals; converted to glucose as needed.


abolisi

From Dutch abolitie, from Middle Dutch abolitie, from Middle French abolition, from Latin abolitiō.

(law) the prevention or abrogation of a prosecution procedure by means of a law


abolisi

head

abolisi (active mengabolisi, passive diabolisi)

mengabolisi (active)
diabolisi (passive)

to abolish (to end a law, system, institution, custom or practice)


gangsa

Inherited from Malay gangsa (“bronze”), from Sanskrit कंस (kaṃsa). Semantic loan from Javanese ꦒꦁꦱ (gangsa, “musical instrument and/or ensemble”) and Balinese ᬕᬗ᭄ᬲ (gangsa) for musical sense.


gangsa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦁꦱ (gangsa, “goose”), from Old Javanese aṅsa, haṅsa (“goose, gander, swan, flamingo”), from Sanskrit हंस (haṃsa, “goose, gander, swan, flamingo”). Doublet of angsa.

der

(zoology, colloquial) booby, gannet (family Sulidae spp.).


candra

From Malay cendera, from Classical Malay candera, candra, cendera, from Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra, “moon”). The spelling was influenced by Javanese ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (candra).


candra

mencandrakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

used in the form mencandrakan (“to depict; to illustrate”)

used in the form pencandraan (“depiction; illustration”)


panti

From Javanese panti (ꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ), from Old Javanese pānti, pantya, panti, paṅkti, from Sanskrit पंथी (paṃthī, “a disciple or follower of any leader in religion”) or पङ्क्ति (paṅkti, “group, collection, company”).


renang

From Malay renang, from Proto-Malayic *rənaŋ. Adelaar (1992) proposes a derivation from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *naŋuy via these stages: *maʀ-naŋuy > *mAr-naŋi > *mArənaŋ-i > berenang, from which the verb was derived.


danta

From Malay danta, from Pali danta, from Sanskrit दन्त (danta).


tubuh

From Malay tubuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq, *tumbuq (“grow, germinate, sprout”), from Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq (“plant sprout”). Doublet of tumbuh.

der

intercourse; to have sex; to have sex with; intercourse

setubuhbersetubuh ()disetubuhimenyetubuhi ()persetubuhan ()

(anatomy) physical structure of a human or animal.

(anatomy) torso: the main structure of a human or animal frame excluding the extremities (limbs, head, tail).

the largest or most important part of anything, as distinct from its appendages or accessories.

an organisation, company or other authoritative group.


pusar

From Malay pusar, from Javanese puser, from Proto-Malayic *pusət, from *pusər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəʀ (compare Fijian vico, Hawaiian piko, Ilocano puseg, Maori pito), from Proto-Austronesian [Term?]. Doublet of pusat.


buah pinggang

Compound of buah (“product”) + pinggang (“waist”), inherited from Malay buah pinggang, probably calque from Hokkien 腰子 (io-chí, “kidney”, literally “waist + child; son”).


kukuh

From Malay kukuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”), from Proto-Austronesian *kukuq (“stick to, adhere firmly”). Doublet of kokoh


gelut

Inherited from Malay gelut, from Old Javanese gĕlut (“to wrestle”).


BPR

bank perkreditan rakyat
bank perkreditan rakyat#Indonesian

(finance, dated) Initialism of bank perkreditan rakyat.

bank perekonomian rakyat
bank perekonomian rakyat#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of bank perekonomian rakyat.


tunggal

single (not accompanied by anything else)


belakang

bêlakang (canonical)
belakang-belakang (plural)

Inherited from Malay belakang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balakaŋ (“hips”).

back (that which is farthest away from the front)


nyawa

From Malay nyawa, from Proto-Malayic *ñawa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nihawa, from Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa. Compare Siraya xinawa.


ulam

Inherited from Malay ulam, from Proto-Malayic *hulam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulam (“side dish”).


Siwa

(Hinduism) Alternative spelling of Syiwa (“Shiva”).


banua

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua (“inhabited land”), from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Doublet of benua and wanua.
* (Noun 1) From Nias banua (“village”), from Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
* (Noun 2) From Embaloh banua (“village”), from Proto-South Sulawesi *banua


muntah

From Malay muntah, from Proto-Malayic *muntah, *mutah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utaq, from Proto-Austronesian *utaq.


ludah

From Malay ludah, from Proto-Malayic *ludah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ludaq.


karti

From Sanskrit कृति (kṛti), from कृत (kṛta), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥-tó-s, from *kʷer- (“to do, make”).


sesi

From Dutch sessie, from Old French session, from Latin sessio.

a period devoted to a particular activity.

a meeting of a council, court, school, or legislative body to conduct its business.


sesi

cessation of receivables and other materials from debtors to third parties with deed.


apsara

From Sanskrit अप्सरस् (apsaras). Doublet of apsari.


hitung

head

hitung (active menghitung, Passive dihitung)

Inherited from Malay hitung, from Proto-Malayic *hituŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qituŋ (“consider, think about”).

inh

Hitung satu sampai sepuluh.


kuap

From Malay kuap, from Proto-Malayic *uap, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)huab, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)Suab, *(ma-)Suaw. Doublet of uap. The initial k- is hard to explain, though according to Adelaar (1992) it must have arisen through these stages: *ma-uap > *maŋ-uap from which colloquial nguap can be found. Prentice alternatively suggests a derivation from *kA-uap with loss of the first vowel.


isolat

isolate: something that has been isolated.


embun

Inherited from Malay embun, from Proto-Malayic *Ambun, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ambun, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ambun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ambun, from Proto-Austronesian *ambun.

dew (moisture in the air that settles on plants, etc.)


butuh

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦸꦠꦸꦃ (butuh, “to need”) (either via Sundanese ᮘᮥᮒᮥᮂ (butuh, “to need”) or directly).

bor+

Aku butuh kamu.

Bagus Irawan menambahkan di era serbacanggih ini lulusan teknik memang butuh memperkuat keahlian. Sebab, zaman sudah jauh berubah yang ditandai kehadiran aplikasi robotik, kecerdasan buatan, otomatisasi program digital hingga teknologi data.

2018 November 1, “Lulusan Teknik Butuh Sertifikat Insinyur [Engineering Graduates Need Engineer Certificate]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-12-04:

Bagus Irawan added that in this sophisticated era, engineering graduates really need to strengthen their expertise. This is because times have changed a lot, marked by the presence of robotic applications, artificial intelligence, digital program automation to data technology.


butuh

Inherited from Malay butuh, from Proto-Malayic *butuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq (“testicle”), from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq.

Aidit butuh.
Aidit's a dickhead.


gerigi

From Malay gerigi. Reanalyzed as gigi (“tooth”) + -er-.


peng-

Inherited from Malay peng-, from Proto-Malayic *pAŋ-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋ-, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋ-.

peng- + tulis → penulis (“writer”)

actor, instrument, or someone characterized by the root.

pem-

before initials of /b/, /p/, /v/ or /f/ will remove initial /p/ even before consonant clusters

pen-

before initials of /d/, and /t/, will remove initial /t/

peny-

before initials of /s/, will remove initial /s/

pe-

before initials of /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/ ⟨ny⟩, /ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩, /r/, /w/ and /y/

peng- + diam (“silent”) → pendiam (“quiet (of person)”)


ber-

base (verb)
base (noun)
base (adjective)
base (numeral)

Inherited from Malay ber-, from Classical Malay ber-, from Old Malay bar-, denasalised from earlier Old Malay mar- (compare Old Malay ni- → di-), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-, from Proto-Austronesian *maʀ-. Cognate with Tagalog mag-, Cebuano mag-, Simalungun Batak mar-, Toba Batak mar-.

ber- + pikir (“to think”) → berpikir (“thinking”)

ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)

(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs

ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)

(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs

ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)

(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self.

ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)

ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)

ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)

ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)

ber- + sepatu (“shoes”) → bersepatu (“to wear shoes”)

to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]

ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)

ber- + tinju (“boxing, hit”) → bertinju (“to hit each other”)

ber- + teman (“friend”) → berteman (“to be friends with each other”)

(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation.

ber- + jam (“hour”) → berjam-jam (“hours”)

ber- + meter (“metre”) → bermeter-meter (“metres”)

ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)

ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)

(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs

bel- only used in the word ajar and unjur

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“in group of three”)

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga-tiga (“three at a time, three by three”)

(acting) in a number of groups of [base] at a time


kau-

From Malay kau-, from kau, shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


meng-

Inherited from Malay meng-, from Proto-Malayic *mAN-, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *maN-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-.

mengatur (“to arrange; arranges; arranging”)

membaca (“to read; reads; reading”)

mencabut (“to remove; removes; removing”)

menderma (“to donate; donates; donating”)

mengelak (“to avoid; avoids; avoiding”)

memahami (“to understand; understands; understanding”)

memfitnah (“to lie; lies; lying (about someone)”)

menggali (“to dig; digs; digging”)

menghantar (“to deliver; delivers; delivering”)

mengikat (“to tie; ties; tying”)

menjolok (“to poke; pokes; poking”)

mengira (“to count; counts; counting”)

melamar (“to propose; proposes; proposing”)

memakan (“to eat; eats; eating”)

menyanyi (“to sing; sings; singing”)

mengolah (“to edit; edits; editing”)

memukul (“to hit; hits; hitting”)

merawat (“to treat; treats; treating”)

menyapu (“to sweep; sweep; sweeping”)

menambah (“to add; adds; adding”)

mengurus (“to manage; manages; managing”)

mengebom (“to bomb; bombs; bombing”)

defining relative
defining relative clause#English

Transitive verbal prefix for active subject or agent focus, specifically it indicates that there is an agent doing the action of the transitive verb. Not used when the sentence is direct imperative, or when the clause is defining relative with the patient in the front of the sentence.

membatu (“to become a stone”)

Intransitive verbal prefix of a nominal root.

menyupir (“to become a supir (“driver”), to drive”)

to function as the root, or to become similar as the root

merokok (“to consume a cigarette, to smoke”)

melaut (“to go toward sea, to sail”)

Intransitive verbal prefix of a adjectival root.


-kan

head

-kan (non-active/imperative/basic -kan, active meng- -kan, passive di- -kan)

Inherited from Malay -kan, from Proto-Malayic *-kən, shortened form of Proto-Malayic *akən. Cognate with Karo Batak -ken and Toba Batak -hon. Doublet of akan (“will (future tense auxiliary)”).

doublet

Belikan aku sebatang pensil!

used to indicate transitive imperative beneficial verbs

Bangunkan Siti!

used to indicate transitive imperative causative verb, from an intransitive verb base: to order and cause the object to perform [base].

Tikamkan belati ini ke perut harimau itu!

Thrust this knife into that tiger’s belly!

used to indicate transitive imperative instrumental verb, from an intransitive verb base

Pasarkan buku itu!

Gudangkan kursi ini!

used to indicate transitive imperative locative verb, from a noun base.

Korbankan dia!

used to indicate transitive imperative causative verb, from a noun base.


Ramadhan

(Islam) alternative spelling of Ramadan.


ragi

From Malay ragi, probably from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “seasoning, condiment”).

der

(cooking) starter: a yeast culture used to start a fermentation process.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae#Translingual

(cooking) ragi: a type of yeast traditionally used in winemaking, baking, and brewing, now identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


ragi

From Malay ragi, from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “colour, dye”). Doublet of raga and ragam.


ragam

From Malay ragam, from Sanskrit राग (rāga). Doublet of raga and ragi.

Simpangan baku dapat dihitung dari ragam.

The standard deviation can be calculated from the variance.


luang

From Malay luang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *luaŋ (“hole in the ground; wide open space”). Doublet of lowong and lubang.


manira

Inherited from Malay manira, from Javanese ꦩꦤꦶꦫ (manira, “first person pronoun”), from Old Javanese manira (“first person pronoun”).


cemara

cêmara (canonical)
cemara-cemara (plural)

Inherited from Malay cemara (“casuarina”).

inh+

Casuarina equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia#Translingual

coastal she-oak, horsetail she-oak, ironwood, beach sheoak, beach casuarina or whistling tree (Casuarina equisetifolia)


atomisme

Affixed atom + -isme, borrowed from Dutch atomisme.

(philosophy) atomism: the ancient Greek theory that all matter is composed of very small indestructible and indivisible particles; the doctrine that society arises from individuals and that larger structures are unimportant.


rindu

From Malay rindu, from Classical Malay ريندو (rindu).


pacal

(zoology) dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab).


kawula

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.


ke- -an

Inherited from Malay ke- -an, from Proto-Malayic *kə- -an, from Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏ- -ꦲꦤ꧀ (ka- -han) for sense of too [base] or exceed.

sl

kebaratan

ketimuran

kebesaran

kehausan

-ness; appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)"

kepemimpinan

-ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union.

kerajaan

-dom; Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.

ketercapaian

-ity; Used to form a noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.

keadaan

racun (“poison”) + ke- -an → keracunan (“poisoned”)

ciprat + ke- -an → kecipratan

lapar + ke- -an → kelaparan (“to suffer from hunger”)

hilang + ke- -an → kehilangan (“to suffer the loss of”)

Used to form adversative verbs or adjectives: to suffer or to get of noun or verb bases.

sempit (“tight”) + ke- -an → kesempitan (“tightness, too tight”)

kecil (“small”) + ke- -an → kekecilan (“too small”)

malam (“night”) + ke- -an → kemalaman (“too late”)

(colloquial or informal) adjective forming for too [base] or exceed, affixed into adjective, adverb, or noun.


keadaan

Penting sekali memiliki jiwa yang makmur dan sehat. Sebab keadaan jiwa seseorang akan mempengaruhi keberadaan orang tersebut.

It is important to have a prosperous and sound soul. Because a person's state of soul will affect his existence.

state, a condition: a set of circumstances applying at any given time.


pustaka

From Malay pustaka, from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pōstaka, *pustaka. Doublet of pestaka and pustaha.

book of Javanese divination, the primbon.

(computing) a collection of software routines that provide functionality to be incorporated into or used by a computer program.

(genetics) A collection of DNA material from a single organism or relative to a single disease.


silam

Unknown, possibly cognate of Tagalog silam (“blemish”).

masa silam


silam

sepuluh tahun silam

menyilamkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]


kasuari

From Malay kasuari. Possibly from Biak man suar (“strong bird”) or manswor (“pile of food”) referring to its appetite.

cassowary (a large flightless bird of the genus Casuarius)


ipuh

From Malay ipuh, from Proto-Malayic *hipuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qipuq.


bawa

head

bawa (base-imperative bawa, active membawa, passive dibawa, involuntary terbawa)

membawa (active)
dibawa (passive)
terbawa (involuntary)
bawa (root)
membawa (active)
terbawa (active involuntary)
dibawa (active involuntary passive)
bawa (active)
bawalah (active)
membawai (active locative)
terbawai (involuntary locative)
dibawai (involuntary locative passive)
bawai (locative)
bawailah (locative)
membawakan (active applicative causative)
terbawakan (applicative causative)
dibawakan (applicative causative passive)
bawakan (applicative causative)
bawakanlah (applicative causative)
memperbawa (active causative)
terperbawa (active causative involuntary)
diperbawa (active causative involuntary passive)
perbawa (active causative)
perbawalah (active causative)
memperbawai (active causative locative)
terperbawai (causative involuntary locative)
diperbawai (causative involuntary locative passive)
perbawai (causative locative)
perbawailah (causative locative)
memperbawaikan (active applicative causative)
terperbawakan (applicative causative)
diperbawakan (applicative causative passive)
perbawakan (applicative causative)
perbawakanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay bawa, from Classical Malay bawa, which was first attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683AD with the Old Malay mava in inflected form mamāwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baba, from Proto-Austronesian *baba. Compare to Old Javanese wawa (“to bring, to carry”).


sepang

From Malay sepang, from Proto-Malayic *səpaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səpaŋ.

Caesalpinia sappan
Caesalpinia sappan#Translingual


rawi

From Malay rawi, from Arabic رَاوٍ (rāwin, “narrator”).

(rare) Synonym of pendongeng (“storyteller, story maker”)


rawi

(rare) Synonym of dongeng (“to tell (a story)”)


rawi

From Malay rawi, from Sanskrit रवि (ravi).


syamsi

Inherited from Malay syamsi, from Arabic شَمْس (šams).


benih

From Malay benih, from Proto-Malayic *bənih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binəhiq, Proto-Austronesian *binəSiq (“seed set aside for the next planting”). Cognate with Javanese winih and Tagalog binhi.

inh

(botany) A fertilized and ripened ovule, containing an embryonic plant; seed.


arif

From Malay arif, from Classical Malay عاريف (arif), from Arabic عَارِف (ʕārif).


balu

Inherited from Malay balu (“widow”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balu.


balu

balu:

balu:


balu

(dialect) fine hairs on the forehead or nape of the neck


balu

(dialect) a buoy made of plastic or cork, tied to the edge of the net to prevent it from sinking


drai

From Dutch schroevendraaier (“screwdriver”), while Dutch draai means rotation, spin or turn.

star screwdriver
star screwdriver#English


bunga raya

bunga (“flower”) + raya (“big, great”), from Malay bunga raya.


ijuk

From Malay ijuk, from Proto-Malayic *ijuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *izuk.

Arenga pinnata
Arenga pinnata#Translingual


secang

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦕꦁ (secang). Attested before 1985.


botak

Inherited from Malay botak, an adjective that is derived from an earlier form butak.


obat

Inherited from Malay ubat, obat, from Classical Malay اوبت (ubat), اوبت (obat), from Proto-Malayic *ubat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ubat. Influenced by Javanese ꦲꦺꦴꦧꦠ꧀ (obat).

Pemerintah didesak dalam penelitian dan pengembangan obat.

The government is pressed in medicine research and development.


ukur

From Malay ukur, from Proto-Malayic *ukuʀ.

to measure (to ascertain the quantity of a unit of material via calculated comparison with respect to a standard)


ujung

From Malay hujung, ujung, from Classical Malay هوجوڠ (hujung), اوجوڠ (ujung).


Pulau Pinang

From Malay Pulau Pinang. By surface analysis, pulau (“island”) + pinang (“betelnut”).


nyonya

From Malay nyonya, possibly from Portuguese dona (“lady”) via Javanese thus doublet of nona and nonya. See also Hokkien 娘仔 (niô͘-á). Semantic loan from Javanese nyonyah.


sastra

From Malay sastera, from Sanskrit शास्त्र (śāstra, “scripture”).


Ahad

Inherited from Malay Ahad, from Classical Malay احد (Ahad, “sunday”), from Arabic اَلْأَحَد (al-ʔaḥad).


seribu

From Malay seribu, from Classical Malay seribu, from Old Malay sarivu. Equivalent to se- + ribu.

Seribu rupiah adalah pecahan tertua yang masih dicetak oleh BI.

One thousand rupiah is the oldest denomination still printed by BI.


dua ratus

Compound of dua + ratus, inherited from Malay dua ratus, from Proto-Malayic *dua ratus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha ʀatus, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa ʀaCus.


kena

kena (root)
mengena (active)
terkena (active involuntary)
dikena (active involuntary passive)
kena (active)
kenalah (active)
mengenai (active locative)
terkenai (involuntary locative)
dikenai (involuntary locative passive)
kenai (locative)
kenailah (locative)
mengenakan (active applicative causative)
terkenakan (applicative causative)
dikenakan (applicative causative passive)
kenakan (applicative causative)
kenakanlah (applicative causative)
memperkena (active causative)
terperkena (active causative involuntary)
diperkena (active causative involuntary passive)
perkena (active causative)
perkenalah (active causative)
memperkenai (active causative locative)
terperkenai (causative involuntary locative)
diperkenai (causative involuntary locative passive)
perkenai (causative locative)
perkenailah (causative locative)
memperkenakan (active applicative causative)
terperkenakan (applicative causative)
diperkenakan (applicative causative passive)
perkenakan (applicative causative)
perkenakanlah (applicative causative)

Inherited from Malay kena, from Proto-Austronesian *keNa (“be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ (kena, “able; can, allowed; succeed”, literally “hit, struck”) for sense related to agreement, approval; pleasure.

sl

to be exact, to be accurate, to be precise


kena

kena pajak


sambilan

Reconstructed as sambil (“while”) + -an and ambil + se- -an, Inherited from Malay sambilan. Doublet of sembilan.


habis

Habis mandi dan sarapan, anak-anak berangkat ke sekolah.

After showering and having breakfast, the children left for school.


eskar

Borrowed from English eschar, from Middle French eschare (now escarre) or Late Latin eschara (“scar, scab”), from Ancient Greek ἐσχάρα (eskhára, “hearth, brazier, scab”).

der

(dermatology, pathology) eschar: a superficial structure of dead tissue, usually hardened, commonly, but not necessarily dark, adhering to underlying living or necrotic tissue, caused by gangrene or a burn.


tantième

Unadapted borrowing from French tantième (“percentage, proportion”).

ubor

(business) tantième: The share of profits paid to the management or to the board of directors under a profit sharing scheme.


sepuluh ribu

Redenominasi harus cepat dilaksanakan karena nilai uang sepuluh ribu umumnya sangat bernilai di luar negeri.

Redenomination must be quickly executed since ten thousand currency units are generally extremely valuable overseas.


seratus ribu

Bahkan jika aku dibayar seratus ribu pun aku tetap tidak mau mengikuti demonstrasi Marxis-Leninis tersebut.

Even if I were paid one hundred thousand for it, I still won't participate in that Marxist-Leninist demonstration.

one hundred thousand
one hundred thousand#English


waduh

An exclamation of surprise, alarm or amazement.


angkat

From Malay angkat, from Classical Malay اڠكت (angkat), from Proto-Malayic *aŋkat, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aŋkat, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aŋkat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aŋkat.


angkat

angkat (root)
mengangkat (active)
terangkat (active involuntary)
diangkat (active involuntary passive)
angkat (active)
angkatlah (active)
mengangkati (active locative)
terangkati (involuntary locative)
diangkati (involuntary locative passive)
angkati (locative)
angkatilah (locative)
mengangkatkan (active applicative causative)
terangkatkan (applicative causative)
diangkatkan (applicative causative passive)
angkatkan (applicative causative)
angkatkanlah (applicative causative)
memperangkat (active causative)

mengangkati [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengangkatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

perseangkatan [comparability + causative passive + resultative

(rare) To remove (a ban, restriction, etc.)

to lift
To remove (a ban, restriction, etc.)

To alleviate, to lighten (pressure, tension, stress, etc.)

to adopt (to take by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend, citizen)


pangkat

Reconstructed as peng- + angkat, from Malay pangkat, from Javanese ꦥꦁꦏꦠ꧀ (pangkat, “rank, position, status; grade (school); degree, power; departure”), from Old Javanese paṅkat (“arranged; depart”), aṅkat (“departure, getting up”). Doublet of pengangkat.

der

a level in an organization such as the military

(mathematics) the maximal number of linearly independent columns (or rows) of a matrix.

(mathematics) exponent: the number by which a value (called the base) is said to be raised to a power in exponentiation: for example, the 3 in 2³=8.

(mathematics) power: A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): xⁿ, read as "x to the power of n" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product x×x×⋯×x, where x appears n times in the product; x is called the base and n the exponent.


pangkat

Dua pangkat tiga sama dengan delapan.

Two to the power of three equals eight. 2³ = 8.


alih

beralih (used-in-the-form)
alih (root)
beralih (active)
alih (active)
mengalihkan (active applicative causative locative)
teralihkan (applicative causative locative)
dialihkan (applicative causative locative passive)
alihkan (applicative causative locative)
alihkanlah (applicative causative locative)

From Malay alih, from Classical Malay اليه (alih), from Proto-Malayic *alih, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *alih, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *alih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aliq.


apa-apa

Reduplicated form of apa, from Malay apa-apa, from Proto-Malayic *apa apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apa apa.


sensitif

From Dutch sensitief, from Middle French sensitif, from Medieval Latin sēnsitīvus.

(of a person) easily offended, upset or hurt.

sensitive:
easily offended, upset or hurt.


destruktor

Ultimately derived from Latin dēstrūctor, from dēstruō + -ātor.

A furnace or oven for the burning or carbonizing of refuse.

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

(object-oriented programming) A function that runs when an object is no longer required, used to release any resources that it was using.


biblio

(publishing) bibliographic notes and/or those placed behind the title page


tengah hari

Compound of tengah + hari, from Malay tengah hari, from Proto-Malayic *təŋah hari.


ider

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦶꦢꦼꦂ (ider, “to peddle ware around; to turn, to revolve”), from Old Javanese idĕr (“turning, circling”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔdər. Doublet of edar.


ambang

From Malay ambang, from Classical Malay امبڠ (ambang), from Proto-Malayic *hambaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hambaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hambaŋ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabaŋ.

the outset of something; the point of entry, or the beginning of an action.

(figurative) threshold, level.
in the same position or rank.


ambang

mengambang (used-in-the-form)
ambang (root)
mengambang (active)
terambang (active involuntary)
diambang (active involuntary passive)
ambang (active)
mengambangi (active locative)
terambangi (involuntary locative)
diambangi (involuntary locative passive)
ambangi (locative)
mengambangkan (active applicative causative)
terambangkan (applicative causative)
diambangkan (applicative causative passive)
ambangkan (applicative causative)
ambangkanlah (applicative causative)
perambang (active causative)


ambang

From Deli Malay [Term?], probably related to Etymology 1.


ambang

From Banjarese [Term?], probably related to Etymology 1 or from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *abaŋ₁, from Proto-Austronesian *abaŋ₁ (“ambush, block the way; obstacle, hindrance”).

der

A kind of Banjarese parang a short, heavy, straight-edged knife as a tool and weapon.


hantar

head

hantar (active menghantar, passive dihantar)

Inherited from Malay hantar, from Proto-Malayic *hantar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hatəD, from Proto-Austronesian *SatəD. Doublet of lantar.

to carry, conduct (to serve as a medium for conveying)

(chiefly dialectal) to lay down (to place on the ground)

(chiefly dialectal) to scatter (to distribute loosely)

(chiefly dialectal) Synonym of antar (“to deliver; to escort, usher”)


depo

From Dutch depot, either from French dépôt or Middle French deposte, from Latin dēpositus.

depot (storage facility, esp. one for vehicles)


kapur

Inherited from Malay kapur, from Proto-Malayic *kapur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qapuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ (“lime, calcium”). Doublet of kamper.
The initial k- is unexplained (expected reflex is *hapur) and may indicate an alternate byform *kapuʀ according to Blust and Trussel.
Cognates
Cognate with Tagalog apog (“lime”), Tsou hapuyu (“lime”), and Eastern Cham ꨆꨚꨭꨩ (kapū).

inh

lime (any inorganic material containing calcium, usually calcium oxide (quicklime) or calcium hydroxide (slaked lime))

a soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃)

a piece of chalk, or nowadays processed compressed gypsum (calcium sulfate, CaSO₄), that is used for drawing and for writing on a blackboard (chalkboard)


kapur

head

kapur (active mengapur, passive dikapur)

(transitive) to whitewash (to paint over with a lime and water mixture so as to brighten up a wall or fence)


burung kakaktua

id-noun

burung kakaktua (plural burung-burung kakaktua)

burung (“bird”) + kakaktua, from Malay burung kakaktua.


gambir

Uncaria gambir
Wikispecies:Uncaria gambir


sirna

From Sanskrit शीर्ण (śīrṇa, “withered”).


panggil

head

panggil (active memanggil, passive dipanggil)

Inherited from Malay panggil, from Proto-Malayic *paŋgil, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *paŋgil.

to call (to utter in a loud or distinct voice)


bungsu

From Malay bungsu (Standard bongsu), from Classical Malay bungsu.

youngest, lastborn (born last in a family)


chef de mission

id-noun

chef de mission (plural chef-chef de mission)

Unadapted borrowing from French chef de mission (literally “head of mission”).


observatorium

From Dutch observatorium, from Latin observātōrium.

(astronomy) observatory: a place where stars, planets and other celestial bodies are observed, usually through a telescope; also place for observing meteorological or other natural phenomena.


lima ribu

Tuanku Imam Bonjol ditampilkan di bagian depan uang lima ribu pada masa itu.
Tuanku Imam Bonjol is shown on the obverse of the five thousand rupiah note at that time.


Muharam

Inherited from Malay محرم (Muharam, “Muharram”), from Arabic مُحَرَّم (muḥarram).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">Muharam</i>

inh+

Muharram (the first month of the Islamic calendar)


kelabu

kêlabu (canonical)
kelabu-kelabu (plural)

Inherited from Malay کلابو (kelabu, “grey”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kelabu</i>

inh+

kelabu:


tepat

From Malay tepat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təpət.


lepa

From Sanskrit लेप (lepa, “plaster”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear; fatty substance”).


lalai

Inherited from Malay lalai. Term is used for translation of Dutch onachtzaam.


ganjil

differing from what is usual, ordinary or expected; strange.


bodoh

From Malay bodoh, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *buddʰas. Cognate of Hindi बुद्धू (buddhū), Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦝꦺꦴ (bodho).


bahlul

From Malay bahlul from Arabic بُهْلُول (buhlūl).


encik

From Malay encik, from Hokkien 引叔 (ín-chek, “uncle”). Cognate of Tagalog Intsik, Cebuano Insik, Malay encik, Thai เจ๊ก (jék), Singaporean English Ah Chek.

term of address conferred on a respectable or unknown adult, usually when the name is unknown.


encik

From Malay encik, from Hokkien 阿姊 (a-chí, “elder sister”).

(West Sumatra) term of address conferred on a female schoolteacher.


anak mata

Inherited from Malay anak mata, from Proto-Malayic *anak mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak i mata. Equivalent to anak (“child”) + mata (“eye”)

(anatomy) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)


anak panah

anak (“child”) + panah (“arrow”), from Malay anak panah, from Classical Malay انق ڤانه (anak panah), from Proto-Malayic *anak panah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak i panaq.


ayut

From Malay ayut, from Proto-Malayic *ayut, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ayut, *ayud.

to copulate (to engage in sexual intercourse)


ayuk

From Malay ayuk, from Proto-Malayic *ayut, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ayut, *ayud.


tableau vivant

Unadapted borrowing from French tableau vivant.


tsarisme

Borrowed from Dutch tsarisme (“tsarism”), from French tsarisme (“tsarism”).


turbin

From Dutch turbine, from French turbine, from Latin turbō, turbinem.

(engineering) turbine: any of various rotary machines that use the kinetic energy of a continuous stream of fluid (a liquid or a gas) to turn a shaft.


kedai

Inherited from Malay kedai, from Tamil கடை (kaṭai). Doublet of gadai.


garpu

From Malay garpu, from Portuguese garfo, from Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin graphium.


banderol

From Dutch banderol, from French banderole, from Italian banderuola.

revenue stamp: A stamp to be affixed as proof that the tax due on the marked product has been paid.


kebun binatang

id-noun

kebun binatang (plural kebun-kebun binatang)

→ Malay: kebun binatang

Compound of kebun (“garden”) + binatang (“animal”), calque of Dutch dierentuin (“zoo”, literally “animal garden”).

calque

zoo: a park where live animals are exhibited.


welas

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦼꦭꦱ꧀ (welas, “pity; sympathetic”), from Old Javanese wĕlas (“pity, compassion, sympathy”). Doublet of belas.


agak

From Malay agak, from Classical Malay اڬق (agak).


agak

Percakapan yang agak membosankan.

Conversation that is kind of boring.A rather boring conversation.

Suaranya agak serak hari ini, ada apa dengannya?

His voice is hoarse a little today, what happens to him?


senter

sèntêr (canonical)
senter-senter (plural)

From Javanese ꦱꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ (sènter, “torch, flashlight”), from Dutch zaklantaarn or Dutch centerlamp.

bor

flashlight (US, Canada), torch (UK, Aus, NZ)


senter

Internationalism, borrowed from English centre, from Middle French centre, from Latin centrum, from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron), from κεντεῖν (kenteîn, “to prick, goad”). Doublet of sentral.


perigi

From Malay perigi, from Proto-Malayic *pərigi, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀigi (“artificially enclosed catchment for water; well, ditch”). Similarity with Tamil பரிகை (parikai, “moat, ditch; mound within a rampart”) and Sanskrit परिखा (parikhā, “moat, ditch, trench or fosse round a town or fort”) is coincidental.


air bah

From Malay air bah, from Classical Malay اير به (air bah), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ bahaq, equivalent to air (“water”) + bah (“flood”).


air mata

air (“water”) + mata (“eye”), from Malay air mata, from Classical Malay اير مات (air mata), from Proto-Malayic *air mata, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air mata, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ ni mata.

tear (drop of clear salty liquid from the eyes)


boksu

Borrowed from Hokkien 牧師／牧师 (bo̍k-su, “pastor; priest; clergyman”).


devisa

Internationalism, compare to French devise (“assets in foreign currency”), German Devise, Catalan divisa, Italian divisa, Spanish divisa, ultimately from Latin dīvīsa, dīvīsus (“divided, separated; distributed, apportioned”).


vape

Aku tidak tertarik untuk membeli vape.

vape: the smoking of a non-combustible cigarette, most commonly an electronic cigarette.


babi duyung

babi (“pig”) + duyung, from Malay babi duyung.


ikan duyung

ikan (“fish”) + duyung, from Malay ikan duyung.


bebat

From Malay bebat, from Proto-Malayic *bəbət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəjbəj, from Proto-Austronesian *bəjbəj.

band (strip of material wrapped around things to hold them together)


mengenai

of; about; on; regarding (with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect)


semua

From Malay semua, from Sanskrit समूह (samūha).


gazal

From Persian غزل (ğazal), from Arabic غَزَلَ (ḡazala, “to display love to the loved one via speech, to exchange talk of love with the loved one”).

ghazal: a poetic form mostly used for love poetry in Middle Eastern, South, and Central Asian poetry.


zarafah

From Arabic زَرَافَة (zarāfa), from Classical Syriac ܙܵܪܝܼܦܵܐ (zarāfa). Doublet of jerapah, zirafah. Attested before 1964.


syamsu

From Malay syamsi,
syamsu, from Arabic شَمْس (šams, “sun”).


kayau

Inherited from Malay kayau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋayaw possibly via Iban kayau. Doublet of ngayau.


loteng

From Malay loteng, ultimately from Hokkien 樓頂／楼顶 (lâu-téng).

attic (space, often unfinished and with sloped walls, directly below the roof)


saluran

Affixed salur + -an, inherited from Malay saluran. Semantic loan from English channel for all senses except sense 1.1

the natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, bar, bay, or any shallow body of water.

something through which another thing passes; a means of conveying or transmitting.

(biochemistry) An ion channel: pore-forming proteins located in a cell membrane that allow specific ions to pass through.

(electronics, communication) a connection between initiating and terminating nodes of a circuit.

(electronics, communication) a path for conveying electrical or electromagnetic signals, usually distinguished from other parallel paths.

(broadcasting) a specific radio frequency or band of frequencies, usually in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or codeword, and allocated by international agreement.

(broadcasting) a specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television.

(Internet) A particular area for conversations on an IRC or similar network, analogous to a chat room and often dedicated to a specific topic.

an artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.

(anatomy) a tubular channel within the body.

canal
a tubular channel within the body.

a pipe, tube or canal which carries gas or liquid from one place to another.

an enclosure or channel for electrical cable runs, telephone cables, or other conductors.

(anatomy) a vessel for conveying lymph or glandular secretions such as tears or bile.

(electricity, electronics) any circuit or loop of an electrical system

(electronics, communication) the wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, a telephone or internet cable between two points: a telephone or network connection.


tuak

From Malay tuak, from Proto-Malayic *tuak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuak (“palm wine”).

inh

palm wine, an alcoholic beverage created from the sap of various species of palm tree such as the palmyra, date palms, and coconut palms.


palung

trench (a long, narrow ditch or hole dug in the ground)

(meteorology) trough (a linear atmospheric depression associated with a weather front)


tipologi

the study of symbolic representation, especially of the origin and meaning of scripture types.

the systematic classification of the types of something according to their common characteristics.

(Standard Malay)

(archaeology) the result of the classification of things according to their characteristics.

(linguistics) classification of languages according to their linguistic trait (as opposed to ancestrality like Romance languages).


keempat

From Malay keempat, from Classical Malay keempat, from Proto-Malayic *kA-əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-əpat. Equivalent to ke- + empat.

Usage: To be placed after the noun, with or without word "yang", without a relevant difference i meaning.

Usage: To be placed before the noun.


perempat

Inherited from Malay perempat. Equivalent to per- (“every”) + empat (“four”).


kepo

From Hokkien 家婆 (ke-pô, “to be a busybody; meddlesome”).

bor

(colloquial) kaypoh: being a busybody, prying into the business of others.


dadu

From Malay dadu (“die”), from Portuguese dado (“die”), from Old Galician-Portuguese dado, itself from a Vulgar Latin *dadu, of uncertain origin; possibly from Classical Arabic أَعْدَاد (ʔaʕdād, “numbers”), or from Latin datum.

(gaming) die, a regular polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and used in games of chance.


padang

Inherited from Malay ڤادڠ (padang, “field”), from Proto-Malayic *padaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *padaŋ (“uncultivated field, open grassland”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">padang</i>


nenen

(childish, sometimes vulgar) to suckle, to suck milk from a breast


organik

* From Dutch organiek, from French organique, from Latin organicus, from Ancient Greek [Term?].
* Other senses than belonging to a permanent organization is a semantic loan from Malay organik or English organic.

organic: of a military unit or formation, or its elements, belonging to a permanent organization (in contrast to being temporarily attached).

(biology) pertaining to or derived from living organisms.

(physiology, medicine) pertaining to an organ of the body of a living organism.

(agriculture) of food or food products, grown in an environment free from artificial agrichemicals, and possibly certified by a regulatory body.


Bagus

From Malay Bagus, from bagus, from Proto-Malayic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bagus, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bagus.


pasal

From Malay fasal, from Arabic فَصْل (faṣl, “chapter, paragraph, division”).
* The law sense of article is a semantic loan from Dutch artikel (“article”). Replaced by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(law) article: a section of a legal document, bylaws, etc. or, in the plural, the entire document seen as a collection of these.


darat

Inherited from Malay darat, from Proto-Malayic *darat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat.


lantai

floor, story, storey (numbered level of a building)


rapor

From Malay rapor, from Dutch rapport, from Middle Dutch rapport, from Middle French rapport. Doublet of lapor.


kemah

From Malay khemah, kemah, from Classical Malay [script needed] (khemah), [script needed] (kemah, “tent”), from Arabic خَيْمة (ḵayma).


disket

diskèt (canonical)
disket-disket (plural)


lintah

From Malay lintah, from Proto-Malayic *lintah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qali-mətaq, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNi-məCaq.