eceran

ècèran (canonical)
eceran-eceran (plural)

(business) retail: the sale of goods directly to the consumer, encompassing the storefronts, mail-order, websites, etc., and the corporate mechanisms, branding, advertising, etc. that support them.


ecer

retail: of or relating to the (actual or figurative) sale of goods or services directly to individuals.


ganjaran

Affixed ganjar + -an, from Malay ganjaran.


selebgram

(by extension) any well-known influencer or celebrity that has Instagram account


depresi

From Dutch depressie, from French dépression, from Latin dēpressiō, from dēprimō + -tiō

(economics) A period of major economic contraction.

depression:
A period of major economic contraction.

(psychology, psychiatry) A state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future.

(geography) An area that is lower in topography than its surroundings.

(meteorology) An area of lowered air pressure that generally brings moist weather, sometimes promoting hurricanes and tornadoes.


ulah

Inherited from Malay ulah. Further etymology is unknown, maybe borrowed from or into Javanese ꦲꦸꦭꦃ (ulah, “way”). Doublet of olah.

(especially of something bad) manner, action, act


batu berani

From Malay batu berani. Equivalent to batu (“stone”) + berani (“brave, bold, dare”).


besi berani

From Malay besi berani. Equivalent to besi (“iron”) + berani (“brave, bold, dare”).


perundang-undangan

(law) legislation: law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body.


kondensor

kondènsor (canonical)
kondensor-kondensor (plural)

From Dutch condensor, from French condenseur.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering) condenser: a device designed to condense a gas into a liquid, either as part of a still, steam engine, refrigerator or similar machine.


kaki langit

Compound of kaki (“foot”) + langit (“sky”), from Malay kaki langit. Compare to Khmer ជើងមេឃ (cəəng meik, “horizon”, literally “sky foot”).

ncog

horizon, skysill, skyline: the visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.


waktu paruh

Compound of waktu (“time”) + paruh (“half”), a calque of Dutch halveringstijd (“half-life”, literally “halving time”).

clq

(physics) half-life (the time required for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay)

(chemistry) half-life (the time required for concentration to fall to half)

(medicine) half-life (time for a substance to lose half of its activity)


dinamis

From Dutch dynamisch, from French dynamique, from Ancient Greek δυναμικός (dunamikós).


populasi

From Dutch populatie, from Latin populātiō, populare (“to populate”), populus (“a people, population”).

The people living within a political or geographical boundary.

population:
The people with a given characteristic.

(biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.

(statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.


tersier

From Dutch tertiair, from French tertiaire.


transkripsi

From Dutch transcriptie, from Middle French transcription, from Latin transcriptiōnem, trānscrībō (“transcribe”).

transcription:
The act or process of transcribing.

(linguistics) A representation of speech sounds as phonetic symbols.

(genetics) The synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA.


sitoplasma

From Dutch cytoplasma, from German Cytoplasma.


ribosom

From Dutch ribosoom, from English ribosome.


lebih-lebih

Lebih - lebih saya tidak mau membiarkan diri saya menjadi gema semata - mata dari suatu suara yang tak jelas sumbernya.

Moreover, I do not want to allow myself to be the mere echo of an unknown sound.

Karena dari jawaban - jawaban itu tergambar jelas kritikan - kritikan yang cukup pedas , baik dari sudut hukum agama , lebih - lebih dari sudut politik.

1986, Mahbub Djunaidi, Humor jurnalistik:

Because from the answers, it is clear that the criticisms are quite scathing, both from the point of view of religious law, and especially from a political point of view.

Dengan demikian, terbengkelainya kesempatan menempuh pendidikan, lebih-lebih bagi rakyat miskin, setahap demi setahap telah dapat kita atasi.

2006, Indonesia. President (2004-2014 : Yudhoyono), Pidato kenegaraan Presiden RI di depan DPR RI, 16 Agustus 2006:

Thus, the neglected opportunity to pursue education, especially for the poor, has been gradually overcome.


imperialistik

(politics) imperialistic: of or pertaining to imperialism or imperialists; favoring imperialism.


nalar

From Arabic نَظَر (naẓar). Doublet of nazar.


hadirin

From Arabic حَاضِرِين (ḥāḍirīn), حَاضِر (ḥāḍir, “present, second person”). Doublet of hadir and hadirat.

der

Arabic حَاضِرِين (ḥāḍirīn)


hadirat

title of honor: Majesty, Highness, Excellency, Eminence


hadirat

From Arabic حَاضِرَات (ḥāḍirāt), حَضَرَة (ḥaḍara), حَاضِر (ḥāḍir). Doublet of hadir and hadirin.

Arabic حَاضِرَات (ḥāḍirāt)


resorpsi

résorpsi (canonical)
resorpsi-resorpsi (plural)


lafaz

From Arabic لَفْظ (lafẓ, “pronunciation”). Doublet of lafal.


akhlak

From Malay akhlak, from Classical Malay اخلاق (akhlak), from Arabic أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq), plural form of خُلُق (ḵuluq, “character; morals, morality”).

Arabic أَخْلَاق (ʔaḵlāq)


lapah

From Malay lapah, from Classical Malay لاڤه (lapah), from Proto-Malayic *lapah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapaq, from Proto-Austronesian *lapaq.

to chop into pieces (of slaughtered cattle)

to tear, to pull apart, to rip with violence


budi pekerti

Compound of budi (“sense; mind; character”) + pekerti (“morals, ethics; character”).


pekerti

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦏꦼꦂꦠꦶ (pakerti, “nature, character”), from Old Javanese prakṛti (“nature, character, disposition; pattern, standard, model”), from Sanskrit प्रकृति (prakṛti, “nature, character, constitution, temper, disposition”).


fasakh

(Islam, law) divorce by judicial decree.


farsakh

From Malay farsakh, from Arabic فَرْسَخ (farsaḵ), from Northwestern Middle Iranian *frasax (“parasang”).


pemabuk

Inherited from Malay pemabuk
. Equivalent to peng- + mabuk.

drunk, drunkie, drunkard (a habitual drinker, especially one who is frequently intoxicated)


mukjizat

From Malay mukjizat, from Arabic مُعْجِزَة (muʕjiza, “miracle”).


kaldron

Borrowed from English cauldron, itself from French chaudron.


penjahat

pênjahat (canonical)
penjahat-penjahat (plural)

Affixed peng- + jahat, from Malay penjahat.


pelatih

pêlatih (canonical)
pelatih-pelatih (plural)

Affixed peng- + latih, inherited from Malay pelatih.


bawang prei

bawang (“Allium sp.”) + Dutch prei (“leek”).

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

Allium porrum
Allium porrum#Translingual

leek, Allium ampeloprasum, syn. Allium porrum (stem vegetable)


juru tera

Compound of juru + tera (“stamp, seal”).

Pergilah pada juru tera, agar ia menguangkan dan menimbang dinarmu itu!

Go to the calibration technician to monetise and measure your dinar!


hasyis

Arabic حَشِيش (ḥašīš)


galib

From Malay galib, from Arabic غَالِب (ḡālib).


magfirah

From Arabic مَغْفِرَة (maḡfira, “forgiveness”).


kemih

Inherited from Malay kemih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *miqmiq.


tablig

From Malay tabligh, from Arabic تَبْلِيغ (tablīḡ), verbal noun of بَلَّغَ (ballaḡa), causative of بَلَغَ (balaḡa, “to reach, arrive”).


syukur

From Malay syukur, from Arabic شُكْر (šukr, “thankfulness, gratitude”).


syukur

(colloquial) An expression of schadenfreude.


syak

From Malay syak, from Arabic شَكّ (šakk, “doubt”).


negeri beruang merah

Compound of negeri (“land”) + beruang (“bear”) + merah (“red”), literally “the land of red bear”.


amali

Affixed amal + -i, inherited from Malay amali, from Arabic عَمَلِيّ (ʕamaliyy, “practical, pragmatic; artificial, counterfeited”).


amanah

From Malay amanah, from Classical Malay أمانه (amanah), from Arabic أَمَانَة (ʔamāna, “trust, confidentiality”). Doublet of amanat.

trust, deposit: that which is committed or entrusted


tawakal

From Malay tawakal, from Arabic تَوَكَّلَ (tawakkala, “to rely on, to trust”).

(Islam) to rely on and trust entirely on God.


hidayah

From Malay hidayah, from Arabic هِدَايَة (hidāya, “guidance”), هَدَى (hadā).


inspirasi

From Dutch inspiratie, from French inspiration, from Latin īnspīrātiō, īnspīrāre.

(physiology) the drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm, as part of the act of respiration.

the person, object, situation, or act of an elevating or stimulating influence upon the intellect, emotions or creativity.


tayamum

Inherited from Malay tayamum, from Arabic تَيَمُّم (tayammum).

(Islam) tayammum: the wiping of one's face and hands against dust, sand or a clean physical object in place of wudhu for the bereft or bedridden, dry ablution.


mufrad

From Malay mufrad, from Arabic مُفْرَد (mufrad).


taplak

Borrowed from Dutch tafellaken (“tablecloth”).

bor+

tablecloth (any sort of cloth used to cover the surface of a table)


Hidayat

Ultimately from Arabic هِدَايَة (hidāya).


bentala

From Malay bentala, from Classical Malay بنتالا (bentala), from Sanskrit भूतल (bhūtala).


qiraah

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic قِرَاءَة (qirāʔa).

an event at which written material is read aloud.

a piece of literature or passage of scripture read aloud to an audience.


iktidal

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic اِعْتِدَال (iʕtidāl).


iktidal

(Islam) position of standing upright after bowing (rukuh) and before prostrating one's self (sujud).


iktibar

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic اِعْتِبَار (iʕtibār).


istigfar

From Malay istighfar, from Arabic اِسْتِغْفَار (istiḡfār).

der

اِسْتِغْفَار

Arabic اِسْتِغْفَار (istiḡfār)

(Islam) istighfar: Act of asking God for forgiveness.


nyambai

Learned borrowing from Musi nyambai, from Komering bay (“female”)

(Sekayu) traditional ceremony of Musi ethnic group (Indonesia) to propose a female


beleran

Learned borrowing from Musi beleran, from Old Javanese aleleran (“to form a convoluted mass”)


makmum

From Malay makmum, from Arabic مَأْمُوْمٌ (maʔmuwmun).

(Islam) congregation, who repeats prayers after their imam.


mukminat

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic مُؤْمِنَات (muʔmināt), مُؤْمِن (muʔmin).


mengamankan

head

mêngamankan (active mengamankan, ordinary passive diamankan, adversative passive teramankan)

mêngamankan (canonical)
mengamankan (active)

Kepertjajaan itoelah jang menatang kami dan mengamankan dan mendamaikan hati kami.

1938, Kartini, translated by Armijn Pane, Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang, Balai Poestaka, page 164:

to secure (To make safe; to relieve from apprehensions of, or exposure to, danger; to guard; to protect)

Operasi Tumpas Narkoba Semeru 2024 yang dilaksanakan 11-22 September lalu berhasil mengamankan 16, 819 kilogram sabu-sabu (SS) dan 3,7 kilogram ganja.

2024 October 28, Guntur Irianto, “Operasi Tumpas Narkoba Semeru 2024, Amankan 16,8 Kilogram Sabu dan 83 Tersangka”, in radarsurabaya.id (news), retrieved 2024-11-06:


pengaman

From peng- + aman.
* The condom sense is comparable to English protection.

(figurative) condom (a flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STIs)


pengamanan

safing (the act of safing or making safe)

securing (the act of securing or making secure)

an organization or department responsible for providing security by enforcing laws, rules, and regulations as well as maintaining order


usali

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic أُصَلِّي (ʔuṣallī), singular first-person non-past (imperfect) indicative of صَلَّى (ṣallā).


madrasah tsanawiyah

id-noun

madrasah tsanawiyah (plural madrasah-madrasah tsanawiyah)

madrasah sanawiah
madrasah sanawiah#Indonesian

(Islam, education) official spelling of madrasah sanawiah.


sanawiah

From Arabic ثَانَوِيَّة (ṯānawiyya), singular feminine form of ثَانَوِيّ (ṯānawiyy, “secondary, minor”).


telatah

têlatah (canonical)
telatah-telatah (plural)

mannerisms, ways, idiosyncrasies, behavior


telatah

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦼꦭꦠꦃ (telatah, “area”).


almarhum

From Malay [Term?], from Classical Malay المرحوم (almarhum), مرحوم (marhum), from Arabic مَرْحُوم (marḥūm).


muhrim

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic مُحْرِم (muḥrim).

(Islam) male who enter into the state of ritual consecration (of a pilgrim to Mecca).


izin mendirikan bangunan

Compound of izin (“permit”) + mendirikan (“to construct”) + bangunan (“building”).

com

(construction, law, historical) building permit, construction permit, planning permission.


nasabah

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic نَسَبَ (nasaba, “to correlate”), نِسْبَة (nisba, “relationship, affiliation”).
* Displaced Dutch relatie (“relation, relationship”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


ibarat

From Malay ibarat, from Arabic عِبَارَة (ʕibāra).


Weda

From Malay Weda, from Sanskrit वेद (veda, “knowledge”).


ekspansi

id-noun

èkspansi (countable and uncountable, plural ekspansi-ekspansi)

èkspansi (canonical)
ekspansi-ekspansi (plural)

From Dutch expansie, from Latin expānsiō.

ekspansi horizontal

horizontal expansion, horizontal integration

ekspansi vertikal

vertical expansion, vertical integration

expansion (an act, process, or instance of expanding)

expansion (the fractional change in unit length per unit length per unit temperature change)

(economics) expansion (an increase in the market value of an economy over time)


penjaja seks komersial

penjaja seks komersial (plural penjaja-penjaja seks komersial)

penjaja (“seller”) + seks (“sex”) + komersial (“commercial”).

com

pekerja seks komersial
pekerja seks komersial#Indonesian


visum et repertum

Learned borrowing from Latin visum et repertum (literally “seen and discovered”).

lbor

(medicine, law) professional witness statement written by medical practitioner who testifies to the facts of a case and part of evidence given under oath in court.


kareo padi

kareo (“Amaurornis spp.”) + padi (“paddy”).

com

white-breasted waterhen
white-breasted waterhen

Amaurornis phoenicurus
Amaurornis phoenicurus#Translingual

white-breasted waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus)


S.S.I.

Sistem Informasi
sistem informasi#Indonesian

Abbreviation of Sarjana Sistem Informasi.


reputasi

réputasi (canonical)
reputasi-reputasi (plural)

From Dutch reputatie, from French réputation, from Latin reputationem (“consideration, thinking over”).


petai

From Malay petai, from Classical Malay ڤتاي (petai).

stink bean, bitter bean (Parkia speciosa).


batoe

"Tangannja satoe sender di 'batoe'"

1891, J.P. Schoemaker, Tjerita-tjerita dari negeri Atjee, G. KOLFF & Co., section 20:

(1901–1947) Superseded spelling of batu.


SBI

Sertifikat Bank Indonesia
Sertifikat Bank Indonesia#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of Sertifikat Bank Indonesia.


SBI

(education) Initialism of sekolah bertaraf internasional.


bukai

head

bukai (active membukai, passive dibukai)

Anakku selalu membukai jendela kamarnya saat malam hari.

My son always opens his bedroom window at night (repeatedly).


kuantum

From Dutch quantum, from Late Latin quantum, noun use of neuter form of Latin quantus (“how much”).

quantity: the total amount of something; .

(physics) the smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon.


resistansi

résistansi (canonical)
resistansi-resistansi (plural)

Internationalism, affixed resistans + -si, from Dutch resistantie, from French résistance, from Latin resistentia.

electrical resistance
electrical resistance

resistance
(electricity) electrical resistance.


resistensi

résistènsi (canonical)
resistensi-resistensi (plural)

Internationalism, from English resistance, resistence, from Middle English resistence, from Old French resistence, from Latin resistentia.

alternative spelling of résistansi (“resistance”)


pembangkang

pêmbangkang (canonical)
pembangkang-pembangkang (plural)

Affixed peng- + bangkang, from Malay pembangkang.


rasional

From Dutch rationaal, from Old French rational, from Latin rationalis (“of or belonging to reason, rational, reasonable; having a ratio”), from ratio (“reason; calculation”).

der

logically sound; not self-contradictory or otherwise absurd.


pengelasan

pêngêlasan (canonical)
pengelasan-pengelasan (plural)


ruang kelas

Compound of ruang (“room”) + kelas (“class”).


klasemen

klasêmén (canonical)
klasemen-klasemen (plural)

From Dutch klassement, from French classement.


pengenalan

pêngênalan (canonical)
pengenalan-pengenalan (plural)

Affixed kenal + peng- -an, inherited from Malay pengenalan.


teman tapi mesra

Compound of teman (“friend”) + tapi (“but”) + mesra (“intimate”). Popularized by Ratu as song title in 2005.

com

friend with benefits
friend with benefits


sensitivitas

sènsitivitas (canonical)
sensitivitas-sensitivitas (plural)

Internationalism, affixed sensitif + -itas.

sensitiveness: the quality or state of being sensitive.


tunjangan

Affixed tunjang + -an.
* Displaced Dutch toelage (“grant-in-aid, subsidy”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


ensambel

From English ensemble, from French ensemble, from Old French ensemble, from Latin in simul. Displaced earlier form ansambel, a loanword from Dutch ensemble.

(music) ensemble: a piece for several instrumentalists or vocalists.


ansambel

ansambêl (canonical)
ansambel-ansambel (plural)

From Dutch ensemble, from French ensemble, from Old French ensemble, from Latin in simul. Replaced by ènsambêl, a loanword from English ensemble.

(music) alternative spelling of ènsambêl (“ensemble: a piece for several instrumentalists or vocalists”).


piama

From Dutch pyjama, from Hindi पैजामा (paijāmā), Urdu پاجامہ (pājāma), from Persian پایجامه / پاجامه (pâyjâma / pâjâma, “leg garment”), akin to پا (“leg”) + جامه (“garment”).

der

پایجامه / پاجامه


estetis

From Dutch esthetisch, from German ästhetisch.


wakil mahkota

id-noun

wakil mahkota (plural wakil-wakil mahkota)

Compound of wakil (“vice”) + mahkota (“crown”), calque of Dutch vertegenwoordiger van de kroon (“representative of the crown”).

clq

viceroy: one who governs a country, province, or colony as the representative of a monarch.


raja muda

Compound of raja (“king”) + muda (“junior, young”).


mahkota bunga

id-noun

mahkota bunga (plural mahkota-mahkota bunga)

Compound of mahkota (“crown”) + bunga (“flower”), calque of Dutch bloemkroon (“corona”, literally “flower crown”).


presentasi

présèntasi (canonical)
presentasi-presentasi (plural)

Internationalism, from Dutch presentatie, from Old French presentation (French présentation), from Latin praesentātiōnem, accusative singular of praesentātiō (“representation, exhibition”).

the act of presenting, or something presented.

(Standard Malay)

a lecture or speech given in front of an audience.

(medicine) the symptoms and other possible indications of disease, trauma, etc., that are exhibited by a patient who has sought, or has otherwise come to, the attention of a physician.

(obstetrics) the position of the foetus in the uterus at birth.


suplai

Internationalism, from English supply, from Middle English supplien, from Old French soupleer, souploier, from Latin supplere (“to fill up, make full, complete, supply”).


persenyawaan

pêrsênyawaan (canonical)
persenyawaan-persenyawaan (plural)

(chemistry) compounding: the act of mixing or combining substances to make a compound.


reduksi

réduksi (canonical)
reduksi-reduksi (plural)

Internationalism, from Dutch reductie, from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

The act, process, or result of reducing.

The amount or rate by which something is reduced, e.g. in price.

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry) A reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

(surgery) A medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment, usually with a closed approach but sometimes with an open approach (surgery).


himpunan kosong

id-noun

himpunan kosong (plural himpunan-himpunan kosong)

Compound of himpunan (“set”, literally “collection”) + kosong (“empty”).

com

(set theory) empty set, null set: The unique set that contains no elements, denoted ∅ or {}.


kantong empedu

id-noun

kantong empedu (plural kantong-kantong empedu)

Compound of kantong (“pocket”) + empedu (“bile”).


deselerasi

désèlêrasi (canonical)
deselerasi-deselerasi (plural)

dé‧sè‧lê‧ra‧si

Internationalism, from Dutch deceleratie.

(classical mechanics) deceleration: The amount by which a speed or velocity decreases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity).


reproduksi

réproduksi (canonical)
reproduksi-reproduksi (plural)

Internationalism, affixed re- + produk + -si, from Dutch reproductie.

(biology, formal) the act of reproducing new individuals biologically.


serbuk sari

Compound of serbuk (“powder”) + sari (“flower”), compare to Chinese 花粉 (huāfěn, “pollen”, literally “flower + dust, powder”) and Malay debunga (“pollen”, literally “dust + flower”).

ncog

(botany) pollen: A fine granular substance produced in flowers. Technically a collective term for pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants.


gas mulia

Compound of gas (“gas”) + mulia (“noble”), calque of Dutch edelgas (“noble gas”).


eksplorasi

èksplorasi (canonical)
eksplorasi-eksplorasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch exploratie, from French exploration.


transparansi

Internationalism, affixed transparan + -si, borrowed from Dutch transparantie.

transparence: the quality of being transparent.

transparency:
openness; accessibility to scrutiny

a translucent film-like material with an image imprinted on it, viewable by shining light through it.


sarden

sardèn (canonical)
sarden-sarden (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch sardien, from Middle Dutch sardeyne, sardayne, sardine, from Latin sardina.


mansukh

From Malay mansuh, from Arabic مَنْسُوخ (mansūḵ).


regang

From Malay regang, from Classical Malay رݢڠ (regang). Compare tegang.


ovulasi

From Dutch ovulatie, from French ovulation.

(physiology) ovulation: the release of an ovum from an ovary.


yudisial

Internationalism, borrowed from English judicial, from Latin iūdiciālis.

of or relating to the administration of justice.

of or relating to the court system or the judicial branch of government.

of or relating to judgeship or the judiciary, the collective body of judges.


komisi yudisial

(government) commission to "maintain the honor, dignity and behavior of judges".


yudikatif

Internationalism, borrowed from English judicative.


bioindikator

Internationalism, affixed bio- + indikator, borrowed from English bioindicator.


lempung

From Malay lempung, from Classical Malay لمڤوڠ (lempung).


lempung

lêmpung (canonical)
lempung-lempung (plural)

en:Gadjah Mada University
en:IPB University

From Javanese ꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ (lempung, “clay; constipation”), from Old Javanese lĕmpuṅ (“soft, fleshy, plump, thick”).

der

(soil science) a mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.

(geology) a particle less than 3.9 microns in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.

(soil science) loam: a type of soil; an earthy mixture of sand, silt and clay, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due.


daya paksa

Compound of daya + paksa, calque of Dutch overmacht.


keadaan kahar

Compound of keadaan (“situation”) + kahar (“all-powerful; tyrannical”).


kahar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦲꦂ (kahar), from Dutch kar (“cart”), from Middle Dutch carre, from Latin carrus or the mediaeval variant carra, from Gaulish carros.


kahar

Inherited from Malay kahar, کاهر, from Arabic قاهر (qahhār).


putusan bebas

Compound of putusan (“verdict”) + bebas (“guiltless”, literally “free”), compare to Japanese 無罪判決(むざいはんけつ) (muzaihanketsu, “acquittal”, literally “guiltless verdict”).


juru sita

Compound of juru + sita, translation of Dutch deurwaarder.

(law) bailiff, huissier de justice: an officer of the courts responsible for executing warrants and court orders; a deputy bailiff charged with debt collection.


penghakiman

pênghakiman (canonical)
penghakiman-penghakiman (plural)


habituasi

id-noun

habituasi (countable and uncountable, plural habituasi-habituasi)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habituatie, from Medieval Latin habituātio.

habituation (the act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated)


Belarusia

From Russian Белоруссия (Belorussija), historical Бе́лая Русь (Bjélaja Rusʹ, “White Ruthenia or White Rus”), from Old East Slavic Бѣла Русь (Běla Rusĭ, “White Ruthenia or White Rus”).


Bosnia dan Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


verifikasi

vèrifikasi (canonical)
verifikasi-verifikasi (plural)

→ Malay: verifikasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch verificatie.


romantis

From Dutch romantisch, from German romantisch, from Late Latin romanticus (“(of a poem) having qualities of a romance”).

Having the qualities of romance (in the sense of something appealing deeply to the imagination); invoking on a powerfully sentimental idea of life; evocative, atmospheric.

Pertaining to an idealised form of love (originally, as might be felt by the heroes of a romance); conducive to romance; loving, affectionate.


hebat

From Malay hebat, from Arabic هَيْبَة (hayba).


kontestan

kontèstan (canonical)
kontestan-kontestan (plural)

Internationalism, Dutch contestant, from French contestant, present participle of contester.


kontestasi

kontèstasi (canonical)
kontestasi-kontestasi (plural)

Internationalism, reconstructed as kontes + -asi, borrowed from Dutch contestatie.


bondol cokelat

id-noun

bondol cokelat (plural bondol-bondol cokelat)

bondol (“Lonchura spp.”) + cokelat (“brown”).


perlawanan

pêrlawanan (canonical)
perlawanan-perlawanan (plural)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


deformasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deformatie, from Middle French deformation.


deflasi

déflasi (canonical)
deflasi-deflasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deflatie, from French déflation.

(economics) A decrease in the general price level, that is, in the nominal cost of goods and services as well as wages.

deflation:
(geology) A mode of wind erosion.


degenerasi

dégénêrasi (canonical)
degenerasi-degenerasi (plural)

dé‧gé‧nê‧ra‧si

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch degeneratie, from French dégénération.


degeneratif

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch degeneratief.


degradasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch degradatie, from French dégradation.

The act of reducing in rank, character, or reputation, or of abasing; a lowering from one's standing or rank in office or society.

(Standard Malay)

(geology) A gradual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks and banks, by the action of water, frost etc.


peserta

pêsêrta (canonical)
peserta-peserta (plural)

(Islamic insurance) insured (the person or persons whose interests are protected by an insurance policy)


dehidrasi

déhidrasi (canonical)
dehidrasi-dehidrasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch dehydratie.


asisten ahli

id-noun

asisten ahli (plural asisten-asisten ahli)

Compound of asisten (“assistant”) + ahli (“expert”).

(education) (junior) assistant professor (academic rank)


hujan asam

Compound of hujan (“rain”) + asam (“acid”).


defekasi

défékasi (canonical)
defekasi-defekasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch defecatie, from French défécation, from Latin dēfaecātiō.

(physiology) defecation, defaecation: The act or process of voiding feces from the bowels.


inti sel

Compound of inti + sel, calque of Dutch celkern (“nucleus”).

(cytology) nucleus: A large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells which contains genetic material.


yurisprudensi

yurisprudènsi (canonical)
yurisprudensi-yurisprudensi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch jurisprudentie, from Latin iūrisprūdentia (“astuteness in the law”).

der

(law) jurisprudence: case law or the body of case law regarding a certain subject.


pemuliaan

Affixed mulia + peng- -an, inherited from Malay pemuliaan (“ennomblement”). The sense of breeding is a calque of Dutch veredeling (“breeding”, literally “ennomblement”).


ketimpangan

kêtimpangan (canonical)
ketimpangan-ketimpangan (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(sociology) inequality: An unfair, not equal, state.


empiris

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch empirisch, from German empirisch, from Latin empīricus, from Ancient Greek ἐμπειρικός (empeirikós).

pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation).

pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses.


prasangka

bias, prejudice: An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of the facts.


penyimpangan

pênyimpangan (canonical)
penyimpangan-penyimpangan (plural)

the act of deviating; wandering off the correct or true path or road; a departure from the correct way of acting.

the state or result of having deviated; a transgression; an act of sin; an error; an offense.

(sociology) deviance: Actions or behaviors that violate formal and informal cultural norms such as laws and customs.


psikologis

Affixed psikolog + -is, borrowed from Dutch psychologisch, from German psychologisch.


psikologi

Borrowed from Dutch psychologie, from French psychologie, from Latin psychologia (coined by Marko Marulić from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”) + Latin -logia (“study of”)).

faktor psikologik yang mempengaruhi kondisi medik


kota administratif

id-noun

kota administratif (plural kota-kota administratif)

Compound of kota (“city”) + administratif (“administrative”). Compare to Chinese 副地级市 (fùdìjíshì, “sub-prefectural city”).

zh-l

(government, historical) The third-level urban administrative division in Indonesia without separate legislative body.


migrasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch migratie, from Middle French migration and its source, Latin migrātiō, from the participle stem of migrō (“I migrate”).

(demography) an instance of moving to live in another place for a while.

(zoology) seasonal moving of animals, as mammals, birds or fish, especially between breeding and non-breeding areas.

(computing) instance of changing a platform from an environment to another one.


penginderaan jauh

Compound of penginderaan (“sensing”) + jauh (“far”), calque of English remote sensing.


indraja

penginderaan jauh
penginderaan jauh#Indonesian

(geography) acronym of penginderaan jauh (“remote sensing”).


demografis

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch demografisch.


analitis

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch analytisch, from German analytisch.


urbanisasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch urbanisatie, from English urbanization.

(urban studies) urbanisation, urbanization:

The process of the formation and growth of cities.

The change in a country or region when its population migrates from rural to urban areas.


ukir

head

ukir (base-imperative ukir, active mengukir, ordinary passive diukir, adversative passive terukir)

Inherited from Malay ukir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ukir (“carving, sculpture”).


bramacorah

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦿꦩꦕꦺꦴꦫꦃ (bramacorah, “criminal; defendant”), from Old Javanese brama, brahma (“anger”) + corah, cora (“thief”), from Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (brahman, “the Absolute”) + चोर (cora, “thief”).


sukma

From Malay sukma, from Javanese ꦱꦸꦏ꧀ꦩ (sukma, “soul, life”), from Prakrit sukhuma, from Sanskrit सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma). Cognate of Old Javanese sūkṣma.


ramah

From Malay ramah, from Pali ramma (“enjoyable”), from Sanskrit रम्य (ramya, “pleasing”). Doublet of ramai.

cordial, warm and sincere, hearty, affectionate.


idem ditto

Unadapted borrowing from Latin idem ditto via Dutch idem ditto, compound of idem (“same”) + ditto (“aforesaid”).


kontinuitas

Internationalism, affixed kontinu + -itas, learned borrowing from Latin continuitās.

lbor

lack of interruption or disconnection; the quality of being continuous in space or time.

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) a characteristic property of a continuous function.


konsumerisme

konsumèrismê (canonical)
konsumerisme-konsumerisme (plural)

(Standard Malay)

A policy of protecting and informing consumers through honesty in advertising and packaging, improved safety standards etc.

A materialistic attachment to possessions.


pemrograman

pêmrograman (canonical)
pemrograman-pemrograman (plural)

(computing) The act of writing a computer program.

programming:
The act of writing a computer program.


bunga berbunga

Compound of bunga (“flower”) + berbunga (“flowering”), literally “flowering flower”, calque of Dutch rente op rente (“compound interest”, literally “interest of interest”). Compare to German Zinseszins.

clq

compound interest
compound interest#English

(colloquial, finance) compound interest.


reliabilitas

Internationalism, affixed reliabel + -itas.

(Standard Malay)

(education, sciences, statistics) the ability to measure the same thing consistently (of a measurement indicating the degree to which the measure is consistent); that is, repeated measurements would give the same result.

(engineering) ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified time.


ukuran

A standard against which something can be judged; a criterion.

The size of someone or something, as ascertained by measuring.

(colloquial) A ruler, measuring stick, or graduated tape used to take measurements.

measurement: value (quantity, magnitude, extent or amount) determined by an act of measuring.

criterion: A standard or test by which individual things or people may be compared and judged.

(colloquial, figurative) norm: A rule that is imposed by regulations and/or socially enforced by members of a community.

standard: a principle or example or measure used for comparison.

principle: a fundamental assumption or guiding belief; a rule used to choose among solutions to a problem

an ordered, usually numerical sequence used for measurement, means of assigning a magnitude.

The dimensions or magnitude of a thing; how big something is.

A specific set of dimensions for a manufactured article, especially clothing.

dimension: A measure of spatial extent in a particular direction, such as height, width or breadth, or depth.

A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard

Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the level, state, dimensions or forms of things

The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet, a projectile, or a column.

Unit of measure used to express the length of the bore of a weapon. The number of calibres is determined by dividing the length of the bore of the weapon, from the breech face of the tube to the muzzle, by the diameter of its bore. A gun tube the bore of which is 40 feet (480 inches) long and 12 inches in diameter is said to be 40 calibers long.

format: The layout of a publication or document.


proyeksi

proyèksi (canonical)
proyeksi-proyeksi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch projectie, from French projection.

The display of an image by devices such as movie projector, video projector, overhead projector or slide projector.

(photography) The image that a translucent object casts onto another object.

(cartography) Any of several systems of intersecting lines that allow the curved surface of the earth to be represented on a flat surface. The set of mathematics used to calculate coordinate positions.

(geometry) An image of an object on a surface of fewer dimensions.

(Standard Malay)

A forecast or prognosis obtained by extrapolation.

(psychology) A belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own. This includes making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser.


peternak

pêtêrnak (canonical)
peternak-peternak (plural)


zonasi

Internationalism, probably from Dutch zonatie.


kesejahteraan

kêsêjahtêraan (canonical)
kesejahteraan-kesejahteraan (plural)


hinggap

From Malay hinggap, from Classical Malay هيڠݢڤ (hinggap).

Kakatua hinggap di jendela.


misoa

From Hokkien 麵線 /面线 (“mī-soàⁿ”). Compare Malay misoa, Tagalog miswa, English misua / mee sua.

Misua; a very thin variety of salted Chinese noodles made from wheat flour.


tanggung

tanggung (root)
menanggung (active)
tertanggung (active involuntary)
ditanggung (active involuntary passive)
tanggung (active)
tanggunglah (active)
menanggungi (active locative)
tertanggungi (involuntary locative)
ditanggungi (involuntary locative passive)
tanggungi (locative)
tanggungilah (locative)
menanggungkan (active applicative causative)
tertanggungkan (applicative causative)
ditanggungkan (applicative causative passive)
tanggungkan (applicative causative)
tanggungkanlah (applicative causative)
mempertanggung (active causative)
terpertanggung (active causative involuntary)
dipertanggung (active causative involuntary passive)
pertanggung (active causative)
pertanggunglah (active causative)
mempertanggungi (active causative locative)
terpertanggungi (causative involuntary locative)
dipertanggungi (causative involuntary locative passive)
pertanggungi (causative locative)
pertanggungilah (causative locative)
mempertanggungkan (active applicative causative)
terpertanggungkan (applicative causative)
dipertanggungkan (applicative causative passive)
pertanggungkan (applicative causative)
pertanggungkanlah (applicative causative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ
Malay tanggung
Indonesian tanggung
From Malay tanggung, from Classical Malay تڠݢوڠ (tanggung), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋguŋ (“carry on a shoulder pole”).

inh

to guarantee; to warrantee; to be responsible for

to hold someone accountable or liable for


tanggung

medium; not quite adequate or enough (in quantity, size, etc.)


Masehi

Ultimately derived from Arabic مَسِيحِيّ (masīḥiyy).

der+

Christian (of, like or relating to Christianity or Christians)


Masehi

Gregorian calendar
Gregorian calendar#English

Christian Era (the current date era beginning approximately 2000 years ago in the Gregorian calendar, based on the (assumed) birth of Jesus Christ)


tentara bayaran

id-noun

tentara bayaran (plural tentara-tentara bayaran)

Compound of tentara (“soldier”) + bayaran (“paid”). Compare Japanese 傭兵(ようへい) (yōhei).


pahlawan kesiangan

Compound of pahlawan (“hero”) + kesiangan (“late, oversleep”, literally “too late in the afternoon”).

com

someone takes credit for no action during critical period


real estat

rèal èstat (canonical)
real-real estat (plural)


pengolah kata

id-noun

pengolah kata (plural pengolah-pengolah kata)

Compound of pengolah (“processor”) + kata (“word”), calque of English word processor.


kotak suara

Compound of kotak (“box”) + suara (“sound, voice”).


cupak

a cubic measure equal to a quarter of a gantang


melukut

melukut di tepi gantang

of little importance or insignificant (literally, “broken rice grains by the bushel”)

broken rice grains; dust from rice grains; rice-dust


potongan

Affixed potong (“cut”) + -an, inherited from Malay potongan. Replaced Dutch aftrek (“deduction”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

potongan harga
potongan harga#Indonesian


asam nukleat

Compound of asam (“acid”) + nukleat. Compare to Esperanto nukleata acido.

(biochemistry, genetics) nucleic acid: Any acidic, chainlike biological macromolecule consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphoric acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases; they are involved in the preservation, replication and expression of hereditary information in every living cell.


ringkas

Inherited from Malay ringkas. Compare to Javanese ꦫꦶꦁꦏꦼꦱ꧀ (ringkes, “concise, compact”).

cog

compact, dense, serried: closely packed; crowded together.


presipitat

présipitat (canonical)
presipitat-presipitat (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch precipitaat, from New Latin praecipitatum.

(chemistry) precipitate: a solid that exits the liquid phase of a solution.


gula pereduksi

id-noun

gula pereduksi (plural gula-gula pereduksi)

(biochemistry) reducing sugar: any sugar that has a potential aldehyde or ketone functional group and thus reacts as a reducing agent.


amilum

Learned borrowing from Latin amylum, from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon), ἀ- (a-, “privative”) + μύλη (múlē, “mill”).


lemak jenuh

/ləˈmaʔ d͡ʒəˈnʊh/

Compound of lemak (“fat”) + jenuh (“saturated”).

(biochemistry) saturated fat: A fat or oil, from either animal or vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids; will typically be solid at room temperature.


lebai

From Malay lebai, from Classical Malay لباي (lĕbai), from Tamil லப்பை (lappai), a name of a trading community.

(Islam, religion) village official in charge of Muslim religious affairs


luntang

From Malay luntang, from Classical Malay لونتڠ (luntang), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lutaŋ.


tumbuk

From Malay tumbuk, from Classical Malay تومبوق (tumbuk), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumbuk.


tumbuk

celebration of one's Windu birthday (every eight years).


energi aktivasi

Internationalism, compound of energi + aktivasi.

(chemistry, physics) activation energy: The energy required to initiate a reaction. For example, the flame from the fuse of a firecracker provides a small initial amount of energy, after which the explosive reaction proceeds by itself, releasing a considerably larger quantity of energy. A small push given to a stable but top-heavy object may cause it to fall over; the potential energy released during the fall was present in the system all along but could not be realized as long as the object was upright and balanced.


denaturasi

dénaturasi (canonical)
denaturasi-denaturasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch denaturatie (“denaturation”).

bor+

(Standard Malay)

(biochemistry) denaturation: The change of folding structure of a protein (and thus of physical properties) caused by heating, changes in pH, or exposure to certain chemicals.


asam laktat

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) lactic acid


akidah

Inherited from Malay aqidah, akidah, from Classical Malay عقيدة (aqidah), عقيدة (akidah), from Arabic عَقِيدَة (ʕaqīda, “belief, creed”).


keping darah

id-noun

keping darah (plural keping-keping darah)

Compound of keping + darah, calque of Dutch bloedplaatje.

(hematology) platelet: A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


lempeng darah

lempeng darah (plural lempeng-lempeng darah)

Compound of lempeng + darah, calque of Dutch bloedplaatje.


trombosit

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch trombocyt.


kardiovaskular

Internationalism, borrowed from English cardiovascular.

(cardiology) cardiovascular: Relating to the circulatory system, that is the heart and blood vessels.


kardiovaskuler

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch cardiovasculair, from French cardiovasculaire.

(cardiology) alternative spelling of kardiovaskular (“cardiovascular”).


zat alir

Compound of zat (“substance”) + alir (“flow”), calque from Chinese 流體／流体 (literally “to flow + body”). Compare to Malay bendalir.

(physics) fluid: Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.


pemompaan

pêmompaan (canonical)
pemompaan-pemompaan (plural)


rembesan

rêmbêsan (canonical)
rembesan-rembesan (plural)


sekresi

sêkrèsi (canonical)
sekresi-sekresi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch secretie, from Latin sēcrētiō.

(Standard Malay)

(physiology) secretion: the act of secreting a substance, especially from a gland.


rembes

Inherited from Malay rémbés, from Javanese ꦫꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦱ꧀ (rémbés, “running, watery (eyes)”).


rembes

Borrowed from Javanese ꦉꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦱ꧀ (rembes, “to ooze, to seep; to infiltrate”), from Old Javanese rĕmbĕs (“oozing, seeping, trickling”). Compare with Malay rémbés.


vasodilatasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch vasodilatatie.

(physiology) vasodilation, vasodilatation: Dilation or widening of the blood vessels.


rentang

rêntang (canonical)
rentang-rentang (plural)

Inherited from Malay rentang. Doublet of rantang.

(statistics) range: the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data in a sample; the difference between the largest and smallest observations in the sample.


vasokonstriksi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch vasoconstrictie.

(physiology) vasoconstriction: constriction or narrowing of a blood vessel.


ekskresi

èkskrèsi (canonical)
ekskresi-ekskresi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch excretie, from Middle French excrétion, from Late Latin excretio, excretionis, from Latin excerno.

(physiology) excretion: The process of removing or ejecting material that has no further utility, especially from the body; the act of excreting.


osmoregulasi

osmorégulasi (canonical)
osmoregulasi-osmoregulasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch osmoregulatie.

(physiology) osmoregulation: The homeostatic regulation of osmotic pressure in the body in order to maintain a certain water content (concentration of electrolytes, pH, etc).


kandung kemih

id-noun

kandung kêmih (plural kandung-kandung kemih)

kandung kêmih (canonical)
kandung-kandung kemih (plural)


transpor aktif

Compound of transpor + aktif, calque of English active transport.

active transport
active transport#English

(biology) active transport: Movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.


difusi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch diffusie, from French diffusion.

The act of diffusing or dispersing something, or the property of being diffused or dispersed; dispersion.

(Standard Malay)

(physics) The intermingling of the molecules of a fluid due to random thermal agitation.

(linguistics) The spread of cultural or linguistic practices, or social institutions, in one or more communities.


depresan

déprèsan (canonical)
depresan-depresan (plural)

(pharmacology) depressant: A pharmacological substance which decreases neuronal or physiological activity.


sendi peluru

sendi peluru (plural sendi-sendi peluru)

Compound of sendi (“joint”) + peluru (“projectile”), calque of Dutch kogelgewricht (“ball-and-socket joint”, literally “projectile joint”).

clq

ball-and-socket joint
ball-and-socket joint#English

(anatomy) ball-and-socket joint: A joint in which one segment has a rounded end and the next segment has a bowl-shaped end, with the rounded end being fitted into the bowl shape, allowing the first segment to move around an indefinite number of axes which have one common center.


keasaman

kêasaman (canonical)
keasaman-keasaman (plural)


demang

dêmang (canonical)
demang-demang (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦢꦼꦩꦁ (demang, “village head; court official title; customary law expert”), from Old Javanese dĕmaṅ, dĕmuṅ (“name of a functionary at the court”).

der

(historical) district head (first in Java and later in South and Central Sumatra).


taksir

Inherited from Malay taksir, from Classical Malay تقصير (taksir, taqsir), from Arabic تَقْصِير (taqṣīr).


taksir

→ Petjo: taksir

Inherited from Malay taksir, from Dutch taxeer (“to evaluate, to appraise”), from French taxer (“to tax, to impose a tax”), from Old French taxer, from Latin taxāre.


geladak

Inherited from Malay geladak, from Old Javanese galadag (“smooth floor of wood or stone”).


geladak

(Riau) rice water attached to the lid of the pot


pedih hati

Compound of pedih (“smarting pain”) + hati (“liver”), from Malay pedih hati.


kancing

From Malay kancing. Cognate of Javanese ꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦁ (kancing, “lock, door lock; button”), Old Javanese kañciṅ (“lock, bar, bolt”).

cog

button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener)

hook (small metal catch inserted in a loop or eye for fastening clothes)


manikam

From Malay manikam, from Classical Malay مانيکم (manikam), from Tamil மாணிக்கம் (māṇikkam), from Sanskrit माणिक्य (māṇikya).


rindang

From Malay rendang, from Classical Malay ريندڠ (rendang).


lawar

Inherited from Malay lawar (“cuts (pieces) of meat or fish”), from Old Javanese lawar (“uncooked, raw”).


hampa udara

Compound of hampa (“empry”) + udara (“air”), calque of Dutch luchtledig.

vacuum: a region of space that contains no matter.


sumpah serapah

Compound of sumpah (“curse”) + serapah (“curse”).

(Standard Malay)


berjuang

to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight (for or against), to contend

to struggle
to have difficulty with something

to strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with contortions of the body

to fight (to strive for something; to campaign or contend for success)


julang

a buildup of fluid pressure, often quantified as pressure head

the difference in elevation between two points in a column of fluid, and the resulting pressure of the fluid at the lower point

more generally, energy in a mass of fluid divided by its weight


peledakan

pêlêdakan (canonical)
peledakan-peledakan (plural)


liyan

From Javanese ꦭꦶꦪꦤ꧀ (liyan, “another, others”), from Old Javanese lyan (“other, different; and also”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lian (“to change appearance”).


wasana

From Javanese ꦮꦱꦤ (wasana, “final”), from Old Javanese wasana, wasāna, awasāna (“end, result, issue”), from Sanskrit अवसान (avasāna, “finish”).


kekar

(geology) fracture: a fault or crack in a rock.


sesar geser

Compound of sesar (“fault”) + geser (“to slide”). Compare to Japanese 横(よこ)ずれ断層(だんそう) (yokozuredansō, literally “side-slippage fault”).


patahan

Affixed patah + -an. The sense “fault” is a semantic loan from Dutch breuk (“fault”, literally “fracture”).

semantic loan

(seismology) fault: A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.


lencang depan

From lencang (“to dress, to arrange, to put arm straigthly”) + depan (“front”), literally “to put arm straightly in front”.


lencang kanan

Compound of lencang (“to dress: to arrange”) + kanan, calque from Japanese 右(みぎ)へならえ (migihenarae).


ulung

Inherited from Malay ulung (“firstborn”).


perlakuan

treatment (the process or manner of treating someone or something)


alat muat-angkut-buang

alat (“tool”) + muat (“load”) + angkut (“haul”) + buang (“dump”)


alat gali-muat

alat (“tool”) + gali (“dig”) + muat (“load”)


endapan

êndapan (canonical)
endapan-endapan (plural)

endapan sedimen


alat garu

(mining) ripper; A hook-like tool used to tear away ore, rock, etc.


jidar

From Malay jidar, from Arabic جِدَار (jidār).


maklum

Inherited from Malay maklum, from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).

(now uncommon) to know, to be aware of, to be acquainted with


maklum

(colloquial, used only at the beginning of a sentence) because


kumbar

From Malay kumbar. Compare Urak Lawoi' กูเมอ (kume).

A large, thorny, and almost stemless palm, of species Salacca wallichiana


gabah

From Javanese ꦒꦧꦃ (gabah), from Old Javanese gabah, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaʔ (“paddy”). Compare Temiar baa (“rice plants, husked rice”), Semai ba (“rice”), Proto-Khasian *kba (“paddy rice”).


singgah

Inherited from Malay singgah. Cognate of Urak Lawoi' ซีงะฮ (singah).


rakyu

Borrowed from Arabic رَأْي (raʔy), رَأَى (raʔā).


taaruf

introduction: A means, such as a personal letter, of presenting one person to another.


taklimat

bor

Arabic تَعْلِيمَات (taʕlīmāt)


tata kelola

→ Malay: tatakelola

tata (“order; arrangement; system”) + kelola (“to manage”).

com

(Standard Malay)


agih

agih tagan

to share something that has been received


tagih

Inherited from Malay tagih. Perhaps equivalent to ter- + agih (“to give, share”).

ketagihan

to demand or ask repeatedly; addicted; addiction

(by extension) to fulfill (to satisfy, carry out, bring to completion)


personalitas

id-noun

pêrsonalitas (countable and uncountable, plural personalitas-personalitas)

pêrsonalitas (canonical)
personalitas-personalitas (plural)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin persōnālitās. Cognate with Piawai Malay personaliti.

lbor

personality (a celebrity, especially one with a strong media presence)

(of qualities, chiefly formal) Synonym of kepribadian (“personality”)


optimalisasi

Affixed optimal + -isasi, borrowed from Dutch optimalisatie.


kerajinan

kêrajinan (canonical)
kerajinan-kerajinan (plural)

Affixed rajin + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kerajinan.


syahsiah

Borrowed from Arabic شَخْصِيَّة (šaḵṣiyya, “personality”). Compare to Malay شخصية (sahsiah, “personality”).


rekrutmen

rékrutmên (canonical)
rekrutmen-rekrutmen (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from English recruitment, from French recrutement.

(Standard Malay)

(management) the process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or recruits for the armed forces.

(physiology) the full aeration of a lung.

recruitment:
the full aeration of a lung.


tata laksana

tata (“order, arrangement, system”) + laksana (“action, doing, performing”).

com

(medicine) management: method to treat a disease or condition


kue batang buruk

id-noun

kue batang buruk (plural kue-kue batang buruk)

From Malay kue batang buruk and Pontianak Malay kue batang burok.

Riau Islands Malay traditional pastry, made from wheat flour, spring roll skin, green bean, milk powder and fine granulated sugar

Pontianak Malay traditional steamed cake, made from wheat flour, minced meat, egg, onions, garlic, carrots and potatoes


olahan gula

Compound olahan + gula, calque of Dutch suikerwaren.

confection: A food item prepared very sweet, frequently decorated in fine detail, and often preserved with sugar, such as a candy, sweetmeat, fruit preserve, pastry, or cake.


riadat

From Arabic رِيَاضَات (riyāḍāt), plural form of رِيَاضَة (riyāḍa, “sport; mathematics”).

der

Arabic رِيَاضَات (riyāḍāt)


erotis

Borrowed from Dutch erotisch, from German erotisch or French érotique, from Ancient Greek ἐρωτικός (erōtikós).

erotic (relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement)


fantastis

Borrowed from Dutch fantastisch, from French fantastique, from Latin phantasticus, from Ancient Greek φανταστικός (phantastikós).

fanciful: existing in or constructed from fantasy; of or relating to fantasy.

wonderful; marvelous; excellent; extraordinarily good or great


objektivitas

From English objectivity with Latinate -itas ending. Equivalent to objektif + itas. Replaced obyektivitet.


nutrien

nutrièn (canonical)
nutrien-nutrien (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch nutriënt, from Latin nūtriēns, present participle of nūtriō (“I suckle, nourish, foster”).

nutrient: A source of nourishment, such as food, that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


modalitas

Internationalism, affixed *modal + -itas.

(linguistics) mood: The inflection of a verb that shows how its action is conceived by the speaker.

(medicine) A method of diagnosis or therapy.

modality:
A method of diagnosis or therapy.


bubur pedas

Sambas Malay traditional porridge, originally Sambas royal dish


sungsang

Inherited from Malay songsang (compare Javanese ꦱꦸꦁꦱꦁ (sungsang)), probably from Proto-Austroasiatic (compare Khmer សង (sɑɑng, “to repay, return; to flow back”)).


pemandian

pêmandian (canonical)
pemandian-pemandian (plural)

edge, margin (of sea and land), shallow.


aldehida

aldéhida (canonical)
aldehida-aldehida (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch aldehyde m, from German Aldehyd, a contraction of the Latin al(cohol) dehyd(rogenātum).

(organic chemistry) aldehyde: Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.


artropoda

From Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).

(zoology) arthropod: An invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages.


volunter

voluntér (canonical)
volunter-volunter (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch volontair, volontaire, from French volontaire, from Middle French voluntaire, from late Old French voluntaire, borrowed from Latin voluntārius (“voluntary; volunteer”), from voluntās (“free will”), from volō, velle (“wish, intend”).


volunter

done, given, or acting of one's own free will.

Mata dapat digerakkan secara volunter dan secara reflektoris.

Eye can be moved voluntary and reflectory.

intentional: done by design or intention.


tengkujuh

têngkujuh (canonical)
tengkujuh-tengkujuh (plural)

Inherited from Malay tengkujuh, from Classical Malay تڠكوجوه (tengkujuh).


timbun

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦤ꧀ (timbun, “to pile”), from Old Javanese timbun (“heaped up, piled up”).


penerbang

pênêrbang (canonical)
penerbang-penerbang (plural)

Affixed peng- + terbang, calque of Dutch vliegenier.

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


zona nyaman

Compound of zona + nyaman, calque of English comfort zone.

(psychology) comfort zone: The range of circumstances in which a person feels relaxed or able to cope.


jangka sorong

id-noun

jangka sorong (plural jangka-jangka sorong)

/ˈd͡ʒaŋka ˈsɔrɔŋ/

Compound of jangka (“measure, scale”) + sorong (“sliding”), calque of Dutch schuifmaat (“vernier caliper, vernier scale”, literally “sliding scale”).

clq

(metrology) vernier caliper: a type of sliding calipers for measuring the external or internal dimensions of objects, using the vernier scale for improved precision.


peubah

pêubah (canonical)
peubah-peubah (plural)

Affixed peng- + ubah. Compare to Malay pemboleh ubah.

(mathematics): a quantity that may assume any one of a set of values; a symbol representing a variable.


sublimasi

Internationalism, Borrowed from Dutch sublimatie, from French sublimation, from Latin sublīmātiō.

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry) The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor state such that it does not pass through the intermediate liquid phase.

(psychology) The transformation of an impulse into something socially constructive.


pedagang besar

id-noun

pedagang besar (plural pedagang-pedagang besar)

Compound of pedagang + besar, calque of Dutch groothandelaar (“wholesaler”).

clq

wholesaler: a person or company that buys merchandise from manufacturers, importers, or distributors and resells the merchandise to retail businesses and to business and institutional end users.


tangga nada

Compound of tangga (“ladder”) + nada (“tone”), calque of Dutch toonladder (“scale”, literally “tone scale”).

(music) scale: A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.


garis bantu

(engineering) guideline: A light line to help align.

(Standard Malay)

(music) ledger line: A musical notation to inscribe notes outside the lines and spaces of the regular musical staves; a line slightly longer than the note is drawn parallel to the staff, above or below, spaced at the same distances as the notes within the staff.


otot polos

Compound of otot (“muscle”) + polos (“plain”).


konkordansi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch concordantie, from French concordance, from Medieval Latin concordantia.

(linguistics) concordance: An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place.


kemacetan

kêmacêtan (canonical)
kemacetan-kemacetan (plural)


indeks massa tubuh

id-noun

indeks massa tubuh (plural indeks-indeks massa tubuh)

Compound of indeks + massa + tubuh, calque of English body mass index


interferensi

intêrfêrènsi (canonical)
interferensi-interferensi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch interferentie, from French interférence.

The act of interfering with something, or something that interferes.

(Standard Malay)

(physics) An effect caused by the superposition of two systems of waves.

(Standard Malay)

(physics) A distortion on a broadcast signal due to atmospheric or other effects.

(linguistics) The situation where a person who knows two languages inappropriately transfers lexical items or structures from one to the other.


lakuan

(drama, literature) expression: The action of expressing thoughts, ideas, feelings, etc.


pesawat tempur

pesawat tempur (plural pesawat-pesawat tempur)

Compound of pesawat (“plane”, literally “machine”) + tempur (“to attack”), compare to Japanese 戦闘機(せんとうき) (sentōki, “fighter plane”).

com

(military) fighter aircraft, fighter plane.


geostasioner

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch geostationair.


perpindahan

(mechanics) displacement: A vector quantity which denotes distance with a directional component.


stasioner

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch stationair.


kertas saring

id-noun

kertas saring (plural kertas-kertas saring)

Compound of kertas (“paper”) + saring (“filter”).


permutasi

pérmutasi (canonical)
permutasi-permutasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch permutatie, from Old French permutacïon, promutatïon and Medieval Latin permūtātiōnem, accusative of permūtātiō.


hibah

Inherited from Malay hibah, from Classical Malay هيبه (hibah), from Arabic هِبَة (hiba).


pertambangan

pêrtambangan (canonical)
pertambangan-pertambangan (plural)

mining: The activity of removing solid valuables from the earth.


persidangan

pêrsidangan (canonical)
persidangan-persidangan (plural)

(law) trial: appearance at judicial court in order to be examined.


kapasitas kalor

kapasitas kalor (plural kapasitas-kapasitas kalor)

Compound of kapasitas (“capacity”) + kalor (“heat”).

(thermodynamics) heat capacity: The capability of a system to absorb heat energy; the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a system by one temperature unit without any change of phase.


dongkrak

Borrowed from Dutch dommekracht, from Middle Low German dumkraft. Compare with German daumkraft, Swedish domkraft, Danish donkraft.

(Standard Malay)

jack: A mechanical device used to raise and (temporarily) support a heavy object, now especially to lift one side of a motor vehicle when (e.g.) changing a tyre.


Alam Sutera

A township in South Tangerang and Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia.


publisitas

Learned borrowing from Latin pūblicitās, from Latin pūblicus (“public, general”). Displaced loanword from Dutch publiciteit (“publicity”).

publicity: Advertising or other activity designed to rouse public interest in something.


rasio

Borrowed from Dutch ratio, from Latin ratiō.

a number representing a comparison between two named things.

the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient).


asalamualaikum

From Malay assalamualaikum, from Classical Malay السلامعليکم (assalam alaikum), السلامعليکم (assalamu 'alaikum), from Arabic اَلسَّلَام عَلَيْكُم (as-salām ʕalaykum, “peace be upon you”).

der

اَلسَّلَام عَلَيْكُم

(Islam) salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting)


Skotlandia

Compare to Russian Шотла́ндия (Šotlándija).


pengacau

pêngacau (canonical)
pengacau-pengacau (plural)

Affixed peng- + kacau, inherited from Malay pengacau (“agitator, troublemaker; mixer”).


pemufakatan

pêmufakatan (canonical)
pemufakatan-pemufakatan (plural)

Affixed mufakat + per- -an. Semantic loan from Dutch samenspanning (“conspiracy”).


melawan hukum

Compound of melawan + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch wederrechtelijk (“illegal, against the law”).


dakwaan

Affixed dakwa + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch beschuldiging.

(law) indictment: An official formal accusation for a criminal offence, or the process by which it is brought to a jury.


sembrono

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦿꦤ (sembrana, “nonchalant, careless; rude”), from Old Javanese sambarana (“careless, indifferent; modest, simple”), probably from Sanskrit [Term?]. Reinforced by semantic loan from Dutch roekeloos (“reckless”) in law terms.


lengah

Inherited from Malay léngah (“dawdle”). Semantic loan from Dutch onoplettend (“inattentive”).


pembelaan terpaksa

Compound of pembelaan + terpaksa, calque of Dutch noodweer (“self-defence”)


pidana mati

Compound of pidana (“punishment”) + mati (“death”), calque of Dutch doodstraf.


hukuman percobaan

Compound of hukuman (“punishment”) + percobaan, calque of Dutch voorwaardelijke veroordeling (“suspended sentence”).


pelepasan bersyarat

Compound of pelepasan (“release”) + bersyarat (“conditional”), calque of Dutch voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling (“parole”).

clq

(law) parole: Conditional release of a prisoner (now especially before the end of a custodial sentence), or the term or state of such release; the system governing such releases.


pajak penghasilan

Compound of pajak (“tax”) + penghasilan (“income”), calque of Dutch inkomstenbelasting.

(taxation) income tax: a tax levied on earned and unearned income, net of allowed deductions.


manipulasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch manipulatie, from Old French manipule, from Latin manipulus.


manipulasi

head

manipulasi (active memanipulasi, passive dimanipulasi, perfective passive termanipulasi)

memanipulasi (active)
dimanipulasi (passive)
termanipulasi (passive perfective)


pembebasan bersyarat

Compound pembebasan (“release”) + bersyarat (“conditional”), calque of Dutch voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling (“parole”).


rumah tutupan

Compound of rumah (“house”) + tutupan, calque of Dutch tuchthuis.


kepastian hukum

Compound of kepastian (“certainty”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch regtszekerheid.


penghinaan

pênghinaan (canonical)
penghinaan-penghinaan (plural)

Affixed hina + peng- -an. Used as a semantic loan from Dutch belediging.


APAR

alat pemadam api ringan
alat pemadam api ringan#Indonesian

Acronym of alat pemadam api ringan (“fire extinguisher”).


pengembang

pêngêmbang (canonical)
pengembang-pengembang (plural)

a person or entity engaged in the creation or improvement of certain classes of products.

(Standard Malay)

(business) a real estate developer; a person or company who prepares a parcel of land for sale, or creates structures on that land.

(cooking) leavener: any agent that promotes leavening.


levertran

Borrowed from Dutch levertraan (“cod liver oil”, literally “liver fish oil”).


adeg-adeg

From Balinese adeg-adeg. Compare to Old Javanese adĕg (“standing erect”).

(dialect, Bali) the virama (a diacritic that suppresses the inherent vowel of a given letter)


pencucian uang

Compound of pencucian (“washing”) + uang (“money”), calque of English money laundering.

(law) money laundering: The act of engaging in transactions designed to obscure the origin of money, especially money that has been obtained illegally.


pangkuan

lap (a place of rearing and fostering; the upper legs of a seated person)


bulanan

langganan koran bulanan


pencucian

(countable) laundry (a place or room where laundering is done - including, by extension, other forms of laundering than clothes washing)


komposit

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch composiet, from Middle French composite, from Latin compositus, past participle of compōnō (“put together”).

composite:
A mixture of different components.

A structural material that gains its strength from a combination of complementary materials.

composite material: Any engineered material composed of two radically different materials in a tightly bonded matrix and having properties significantly different from either constituent


hitung mundur

id-noun

hitung mundur (plural hitung-hitung mundur)

Compound of hitung (“count”) + mundur (“backward”). Compare to French compte à rebours (“countdown”, literally “count by reverse”).

ncog

countdown: A count backward in fixed units to the time of some event.


penyebut

pênyêbut (canonical)
penyebut-penyebut (plural)

Affixed peng- + sebut (“to tell”). The sense in arithmetic is semantic loan from Dutch noemer (“denominator”).

sl

(arithmetic) denominator: The number or expression written below the line in a fraction (such as 2 in ½).

numerator, enumerator: someone who counts.


pembilang

pêmbilang (canonical)
pembilang-pembilang (plural)

Affixed peng- + bilang. Semantic loan from Dutch teller (“numerator”, literally “someone who counts”) for the arithmetic sense.

(arithmetic) numerator: The number or expression written above the line in a fraction (such as 1 in ½).


peringatan

pêringatan (canonical)
peringatan-peringatan (plural)

Affixed ingat + per- -an, inherited from Malay ڤرايڠتن (peringatan).

inh+

The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration to honor the memory of some person or event.

memorial: that which serves the purpose of commemorating.

recollection: The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to mind.

memory, recollection: The state of being remembered, or held in mind

That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memento, a memorial, a souvenir, a token; a memorandum or note of something to be remembered.


plastisitas

Learned borrowing from Latin plasticitas.

lbor

(physics) the property of a solid body whereby it undergoes a permanent change in shape or size when subjected to a stress exceeding a particular value (the yield value)

(neurology) how entire brain structures, and the brain itself, can change as a result of experience.


kwasiorkor

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kwashiorkor, from English kwashiorkor, from Ga kwašiɔkɔ, kwàṣìɔkɔ́ (“the sickness the older child gets when the next baby is born”).

(pathology, pediatrics) kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition, found in children, caused by dietary insufficiency of protein in combination with a high-carbohydrate diet.


kotak hitam

Compound of kotak + hitam, calque of English black box.


lubang hitam

id-noun

lubang hitam (plural lubang-lubang hitam)

Compound of lubang (“hole”) + hitam (“black”), calque of English black hole.


pencitraan

pêngcitraan (canonical)
pencitraan-pencitraan (plural)

The technique or practice of creating images of otherwise invisible aspects of an object, especially of body parts.

The use of mental images to alter a person's perceptions or behaviors.


berdarah

to have blood (of a vital liquid flowing in the bodies)

(figurative) to have blood (of an important ancestry)


Efendi

Ultimately from Ottoman Turkish افندی (efendi, “mister; sir”).


pendarahan

pêndarahan (canonical)
pendarahan-pendarahan (plural)

→ Tetum: pendarahan


perdarahan

pêrdarahan (canonical)
perdarahan-perdarahan (plural)


perdikan

pêrdikan (canonical)
perdikan-perdikan (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦂꦢꦶꦏꦤ꧀ (pardikan), from Old Javanese [Term?].


dekoratif

Borrowed from Dutch dekoratief (“decorative”), from French décoratif


sempena

sêmpêna (canonical)
sempena-sempena (plural)

Inherited from Malay sempena, from Sanskrit सम्पन्न (sampanna), संपन्न (saṃpanna).

(archaic) blessing, good luck, good fortune


densitas ruah

id-noun

densitas ruah (plural densitas-densitas ruah)


densitas curah

densitas curah (plural densitas-densitas curah)


muazin

muazin (plural muazin-muazin or para muazin)

muazin-muazin (plural)
para muazin (plural)

From Malay muazin, from Arabic مُؤَذِّن (muʔaḏḏin).


perbani

Inherited from Malay perbani, from Sanskrit पर्वणी (parvaṇī).


genderuwo

gêndêruwo (canonical)
genderuwo-genderuwo (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa), from Old Javanese gandharwa, from Sanskrit गन्धर्व (gandharva). Doublet of gandarwa.

bor+

a ghost in the form of a tall, hairy human

bastard poon tree, java olive tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree, and skunk tree (Stercullia foetida)


mata kuliah

Compound of mata (“the important part”) + kuliah (“lecture”) (similar to Indonesian mata pelajaran). Compare to Chinese 科目 (kēmù, “course, subject”, literally “branch of study + eye”) and Japanese 科目(かもく) (kamoku, “subject; course”).

zh-l

subject; an area of knowledge that is taught or studied in higher education institutions.


mata jala

mesh: The opening or space enclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot, or the threads enclosing such a space.


Konfrontasi

(historical) Konfrontasi; the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation


semaya

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦩꦪ (semaya, “to postpone, to delay”), from Old Javanese samaya, from Sanskrit समय (samaya).


Syahla

Borrowed from Arabic شَهْلَاء (šahlāʔ), feminine singular of أَشْهَل (ʔašhal).


putau

Alternated from putih (“white”), inherited from Malay putih, from Classical Malay putih (“white”), from Proto-Malayic *putih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq.


bahan peledak

Compound of bahan (“material”) + peledak, calque of Dutch springstof


corcoran

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦺꦴꦂꦕꦺꦴꦫꦤ꧀ (corcoran), a reduplication of ꦕꦺꦴꦂ (cor).

concrete, a building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand.


biwara

Borrowed from English beaver, likely through Hindi बीवर (bīvar), written with silent final /ə/ (inherent vowel).


ulur

head

ulur (base-imperative ulur, active mengulur, ordinary passive diulur, adversative passive terulur)

Inherited from Malay hulur, from Classical Malay هولور (hulur), هولور (ulur), from Proto-Malayic *(h)ulur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Suluʀ.


ulur

Probably Old Javanese hulun, ulun (“slave, bondsman, servant”).


observasi

obsêrvasi (canonical)
observasi-observasi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch observatie, from French observation, from Latin observātiō.


titik panas

Compound of titik (“point; spot”) + panas (“hot”).

(thermodynamics, rare) melting point, liquefaction point

hot spot: a location which has a higher temperature or amount of radiation than surrounding areas; a place notable for a high level of activity or danger.

(firefighting, forestry) A part of a forest fire which is burning actively.

A dangerous place of violent political unrest.


sabitan

(botany) drepanium: a helicoid cyme whose successive pedicels are aligned on the same plane.


pemisahan kekuasaan

Compound of pemisahan (“separation”) + kekuasaan (“power”), calque of Dutch scheiding der machten.

com

separation of powers
separation of powers#English

(government, politics) separation of powers


simpangan mutlak

Compound of simpangan (“deviation”) + mutlak (“absolute”).

compound

absolute deviation
absolute deviation#English

(statistics) absolute deviation: the absolute value of the difference between a given value (such as mean or expected value) and a variate value (usually an observed value).


simpangan

(uncountable) deviation (the act of deviating; wandering off the correct or true path or road)


tempat pemungutan suara

id-noun

tempat pemungutan suara (plural tempat-tempat pemungutan suara)

Compound of tempat (“place, location”) + pemungutan (“collection”) + suara (“vote”, literally “voice, sound”).

com

(government, politics) vote center, polling place.


tempat pembuangan sampah

id-noun

tempat pembuangan sampah (plural tempat-tempat pembuangan sampah)

tempat-tempat pembuangan sampah (plural)

Compound of tempat (“place”) + pembuangan (“disposal”) + sampah (“waste”).

com

kerbside collection or curbside collection site


nol mutlak

Compound of nol (“zero”) + mutlak (“absolute”), calque of English absolute zero.

(thermodynamics) absolute zero: The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease.


asam klorida

Compound of asam (“acid”) + klorida (“chloride”), calque of Dutch hydrochloride.

(inorganic chemistry, uncountable) hydrochloric acid


asam folat

Compound of asam (“acid”) + folat (“folate”), from Dutch foliumzuur and folaat.

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) folic acid: A polycyclic heterocyclic carboxylic acid, one of the vitamin B complex, essential for cell growth and reproduction.


deforestasi

Internationalism, borrowed from English deforestation, from French déforestation.

(forestry) deforestation: The process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else.


kebebasan akademik

Compound of kebebasan (“freedom”) + akademik, calque of English academic freedom, from German akademische Freiheit.

academic freedom
academic freedom#English


penerimaan

pênêrimaan (canonical)
penerimaan-penerimaan (plural)


penerimaan negara bukan pajak

id-noun

penerimaan negara bukan pajak (plural penerimaan-penerimaan negara bukan pajak)

/pə.nə.ri.ˈma.an nə.ˈɡa.ra ˈbu.kan ˈpa.d͡ʒak/

(finance, government) non-tax revenue; non-tax receipts.


penerimaan peserta didik baru

penerimaan peserta didik baru (plural penerimaan-penerimaan peserta didik baru)

/pə.nə.ri.ˈma.an pə.sər.ˈta ˈdi.dɪk̚ ˈba.ru/


pemerolehan

Affixation of peroleh + peng- -an or oleh + pemer- -an.


teknik listrik

Compound of teknik (“engineering”) + listrik (“electric”).

com

electrical engineering
electrical engineering#English


vesikula seminalis

id-noun

vesikula seminalis (plural vesikula-vesikula seminalis)

Learned borrowing from Latin vesicula seminalis f

lbor

(anatomy) seminal vesicle: one of two simple tubular glands located behind the male urinary bladder, responsible for the production of about sixty percent of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen.


kesegarisan

Affixed segaris + ke- -an, from se- + garis.

An arrangement of items in a line. The process of adjusting a mechanism such that its parts are aligned; the condition of having its parts so adjusted.

(archaeology) a co-linear arrangement of features or structures with external landmarks.

(astronomy) a straight line configuration of three celestial bodies.


pengacakan

pêngacakan (canonical)
pengacakan-pengacakan (plural)


penegakan

pênêgakan (canonical)
penegakan-penegakan (plural)

Affixed tegak + peng- -an. The sense of enforcement is a semantic loan from Dutch handhaving.


seni rupa

Compound of seni (“art”) + rupa (“form”), calque of Dutch beeldende kunst (literally “depicting art”).

clq

(art) visual art: An art form intended to be appreciated or perceived primarily by sight, such as painting, drawing, photography, printmaking, and filmmaking.


biro perjalanan

id-noun

biro perjalanan (plural biro-biro perjalanan)

Compound of biro (“bureau”) + perjalanan (“voyage”), partial calque of Dutch reisbureau (“travel agency”, literally “voyage agency”).

partial calque

(business, tourism) travel agency: A company that arranges travel and accommodation for travellers.


curah pendapat

id-noun

curah pendapat (plural curah-curah pendapat)


validitas

Learned borrowing from Late Latin validitas.

lbor

The state of being valid, authentic or genuine.

(Standard Malay)

A quality of a measurement indicating the degree to which the measure reflects the underlying construct, that is, whether it measures what it purports to measure (see reliability).


kontingensi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch contingentie, from Late Latin contingentia.


kredit pemilikan rumah

id-noun

kredit pemilikan rumah (plural kredit-kredit pemilikan rumah)

Compound of kredit (“loan”) + pemilikan (“owning”) + rumah (“house”). Compare to Japanese 住宅(じゅう)ローン (jūrōn, “mortage loan”, literally “dwelling house loan”).


kontributor

Internationalism, borrowed from English contributor, from Anglo-Norman contributour, from Latin contribuō.


pelarian

(uncountable) the act of leaving a dangerous or unpleasant situation

(uncountable) runaway (the act of running away)


terorisme

térorismê (canonical)
terorisme-terorisme (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch terrorisme, from French terrorisme.


litigasi

Internationalism, borrowed from English litigation, from Latin lītigātiō.


monarki konstitusional

id-noun

monarki konstitusional (plural monarki-monarki konstitusional)

Compound of monarki (“monarchy”) + konstitusional (“constitutional”), calque of Dutch constitutionele monarchie.

clq

constitutional monarchy
constitutional monarchy#English

(politics) constitutional monarchy: A monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution.


timpang

Inherited from Malay témpang, from Old Javanese timpaṅ (“crippled, limp”).

unable to walk properly because of a problem with one's feet or legs.

lame
(figurative) inefficient; imperfect


derajat kebebasan

id-noun

derajat kebebasan (plural derajat-derajat kebebasan)

Compound of derajat (“degree”) + kebebasan (“freedom”).

com

(mathematics) Any unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution.


penyangkalan

pênyangkalan (canonical)
penyangkalan-penyangkalan (plural)

denial: refusal to believe a problem exists.

(accounting) disclaimer: a public disavowal, as of responsibility, pretensions, claims, opinions, etc.


negara berkembang

id-noun

negara berkembang (plural negara-negara berkembang)

Compound of negara (“country”) + berkembang (“developing”, literally “flowering”).

com

developing country
developing country#English

(economics, geography) developing country: a sovereign state with a lesser developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries


negara maju

Compound of negara (“country”) + maju (“advanced, forward”), inherited from Malay negara maju, calque from Japanese 先進国(せんしんこく) (senshinkoku, “developed country”, literally “advanced country”).

ja-r

developed country
developed country#English

(economics, geography) developed country: a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations


tingkat kesukaran

id-noun

tingkat kesukaran (plural tingkat-tingkat kesukaran)

Compound of tingkat (“level”) + kesukaran (“difficulty”), calque of English difficulty level.


tingkat kesulitan

id-noun

tingkat kesulitan (plural tingkat-tingkat kesulitan)

Compound of tingkat (“level”) + kesulitan (“difficulty”), calque of English difficulty level.


taraf kesukaran

id-noun

taraf kesukaran (plural taraf-taraf kesukaran)

Compound of taraf (“level”) + kesukaran (“difficulty”), calque of English difficulty level.


analisis wacana

id-noun

analisis wacana (plural analisis-analisis wacana)

Compound of analisis (“analysis”) + wacana (“discourse”), calque of English discourse analysis.

com

discourse analysis
discourse analysis#English

(linguistics) discourse analysis: Any of a number of approaches to analyzing written, spoken or signed language use.


penguji

pênguji (canonical)
penguji-penguji (plural)

/pəŋ.ˈʊd͡ʒi/

Affixed peng- + uji, inherited from Malay penguji.


eksperimental

Internationalism, borrowed from English experimental.


pengodean

pêngodean (canonical)
pengodean-pengodean (plural)


supel

Borrowed from Dutch soepel (“supple, flexible”), from Old French souple, soupple (“soft, lithe, yielding”), from Latin supplic-, supplex (“suppliant, submissive, kneeling”)


ilmu gizi

Compound of ilmu (“science”) + gizi (“nutrition”), calque of Dutch voedingsleer.


ekstrapolasi

èkstrapolasi (canonical)
ekstrapolasi-ekstrapolasi (plural)


tatap muka

Compound of tatap (“to stare”) + muka (“face”).

com+

face to face (in person; directly; in the physical presence of somebody)


bersemuka

Affixed of ber- + semuka, inherited from Malay bersemuka.


semuka

Constructed as sama + muka, inherited from Malay semuka, from Sanskrit सम्मुख (sammukha).


pilih kasih

favoritism, favouritism: The unfair favouring of one person or group at the expense of another.


ilmu pengetahuan perundang-undangan

Compound of ilmu pengetahuan (“science”) + perundang-undangan (“legislation”), coined by Indonesian jurist A. Hamid S. Attamimi, calque of German gesetzgebungswissenschaft (literally “science of law”).

cal

(law) science of legislation: a scientific theory for legislative practice is a legal policy whose questions and procedures are entirely based on legal empirical evidence.


sewa guna usaha

id-noun

sewa guna usaha (plural sewa-sewa guna usaha)

Compound of sewa (“rent”) + guna (“for”) + usaha (“business”).


bimbingan dan penyuluhan

bimbingan (“guidance”) + dan + penyuluhan. Semantic loan from English guidance and counseling. Coined by Indonesian official Tatang Mahfud.


NAZA

Acronym of narkoba, alkohol dan zat adiktif lainnya. Coined by Indonesian psychiatrist Dadang Hawari.

coinage

narcotics, alcohol and addictive substance


sumatif

Internationalism, borrowed from English summative.

of, pertaining to, or produced by summation.

(education) denoting forms of assessment used to quantify educational outcomes.


pengelompokan

pêngêlompokan (canonical)
pengelompokan-pengelompokan (plural)

Affixed kelompok + peng- -an, inherited from Malay pengelompokan.

grouping: the action of the verb to group.


buku pegangan

id-noun

buku pegangan (plural buku-buku pegangan)

Compound of buku + pegangan, partial calque of Dutch handboek.

handbook: A topically organized book of reference on a certain field of knowledge, regardless of size.


rerata harmonik

rerata harmonik (plural rerata-rerata harmonik)


satuan massa atom

Compound of satuan (“unit”) + massa (“mass”) + atom (“atom”).

com

(chemistry) atomic mass unit: A unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of an atom of the ¹²C isotope of carbon.


dewan perwakilan

id-noun

dewan perwakilan (plural dewan-dewan perwakilan)

Compound of dewan (“council”) + perwakilan (“representative”).


dewan pertimbangan

id-noun

dewan pertimbangan (plural dewan-dewan pertimbangan)

Compound of dewan (“council”) + pertimbangan (“advisory”, literally “consideration”). The term was used to translate Japanese 参議院(さんぎいん) (sangīn).

ja-r

参議院(さんぎいん) (sangīn)


dewan nasional

id-noun

dewan nasional (plural dewan-dewan nasional)

Compound of dewan (“council”) + nasional (“national”), calque of Dutch Raad van State (“State Council”).


dewan penasihat

id-noun

dewan penasihat (plural dewan-dewan penasihat)

Compound of dewan (“council”) + penasihat (“advisory”).


Paman Sam

Compound of paman (“uncle”) + English Sam, literally “Uncle Sam”, calque of English Uncle Sam.

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">Sam</i>

Uncle Sam, a personification of the United States federal government.


KPR

kredit pemilikan rumah
kredit pemilikan rumah#Indonesian

(finance) initialism of kredit pemilikan rumah.


konosemen

konosêmen (canonical)
konosemen-konosemen (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch cognossement (compare to French connaissement).

manifest: a list or invoice of the passengers or goods being carried by a commercial vehicle or ship.

(nautical, shipping) bill of lading: a document issued by a carrier (or their agent) to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment.


surat muatan kapal

id-noun

surat muatan kapal (plural surat-surat muatan kapal)

Compound of surat + muatan (“load”) + kapal (“ship”), calque from Japanese 船荷証券(ふなにしょうけん) (funanishōken).

com

(nautical) bill of lading: a document issued by a carrier (or their agent) to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment.


hiperaktivitas

hipêraktivitas (canonical)
hiperaktivitas-hiperaktivitas (plural)

Affixed hiper- + aktivitas, internationalism.


krisis identitas

id-noun

krisis identitas (plural krisis-krisis identitas)

Compound of krisis + identitas, a calque of English identity crisis.

identity crisis (a crisis of personal identity)


implementasi

implêmentasi (canonical)
implementasi-implementasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch implementatie.


peningkatan

pêningkatan (canonical)
peningkatan-peningkatan (plural)


perbaikan

improvement (the act of improving; advancement or growth; a bettering)


tepis

From Malay tepis (“to push aside”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapis (“loincloth; to skim; to filter”).


taman sesat

Compound of taman (“garden”) + sesat (“err”), calque of Dutch doolhof (“maze, labyrinth”, literally “wandering/err garden”).

clq

, pagar sesat (Standard Malay)

labyrinth, maze: a complicated irregular network of passages or paths, in which it is difficult to find one's way.


inferensi

inférènsi (canonical)
inferensi-inferensi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inferentie, from English inference.

(Standard Malay)


instruksional

head

instruksional (comparative lebih instruksional, superlative paling instruksional)

lebih instruksional (comparative)
paling instruksional (superlative)

From English instructional, from instruction + -al.

Intended for purposes of instruction, for teaching.

instructional
Relating to the teaching profession.


instruksi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch instructie, from French instruction, from Latin īnstrūctiō, from īnstruō + -tiō.

(uncountable) The act of instructing, teaching, or providing with information or knowledge.

(countable) An instance of the information or knowledge so furnished.

instruction
(countable) An order or command.

(in the plural) A set of directions provided by a manufacturer for the users of a product or service.

(countable) A single operation of a processor defined by an instruction set architecture.


instruksi

instruksi (active menginstruksi, passive diinstruksi, perfective passive terinstruksi)

menginstruksi (active)
diinstruksi (passive)
terinstruksi (passive perfective)

(transitive) to instruct
To teach by giving instructions.

To tell (someone) what they must or should do.

To give (one's own lawyer) legal instructions as to how they should act in relation to a particular issue; thereby formally appointing them as one's own legal representative in relation to it.


pleidoi

Borrowed from Dutch pleidooi, from French plaidoyer.


instruktur

Ultimately derived from Latin īnstrūctor, from īnstruō + -tor.

instructor (one who instructs; a teacher)


pegawai negeri

id-noun

pegawai negeri (plural pegawai-pegawai negeri)

Compound of pegawai (“employee”) + negeri (“public”).


pensil warna

id-noun

pensil warna (plural pensil-pensil warna)

Compound of pensil (“pencil”) + warna (“color”), calque of Dutch kleurpotlood.


juru bicara

Compound of juru (“person”) + bicara (“speech”), compare Malay jurucakap.

spokesperson: a person who acts as the voice of a group of people.


kejuruan

kêjuruan (canonical)
kejuruan-kejuruan (plural)


persentil

pêrsentil (canonical)
persentil-persentil (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch percentiel.


tatanan

→ Malay: tatanan


rancang

Inherited from Malay رانچڠ (rancang, “peg; to plan, to prepare”), from Javanese ꦫꦚ꧀ꦕꦁ (rancang, “to set up, to assemble; to design; to draw; to estimate”), from Old Javanese rañcaṅ (“frame (bodywork)”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rcaŋ (“to prick, to pierce, to insert; rack, framework”).
* The sense of to plan, to prepare is reinforced by semantic loan from Javanese ꦫꦚ꧀ꦕꦁ (rancang, “to set up, to assemble; to design, to draw; to estimate”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">rancang</i>


cuat

Inherited from Malay cuat, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kcuət, *kcət, *kcəət?, *ktuət, *ktt, *ktət (“to jump, to run”).


pucat

Inherited from Malay pucat, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *pcət (“bitter, astringent”) or *jat (“to run dry”).


progresif

Borrowed from Dutch progressief, from French progressif, from Latin prōgressīvus.

advanced, favouring or promoting progress.

promoting or favoring progress towards improved conditions or new policies, ideas or methods.

increasing: gradually advancing in extent.

(education) of or relating to progressive education.

(taxation) increasing in rate as the taxable amount increases.

progressive:
(medicine) advancing in severity.


lestari

Borrowed from Javanese ꦊꦱ꧀ꦠꦫꦶ (lestari, “fortunate”), from Old Javanese lastari (“immediately; thereupon”).


ambisius

Borrowed from Dutch ambitieus, from Middle French ambitieux, from Latin ambitiōsus.


mengaret

Affixed meng- + karet. Doublet of ngaret.


ngaret

Affixed meng- + karet. Doublet of mengaret.


beji

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦺꦗꦶ (bèji), from Old Javanese beji (“pond”).


beji

Borrowed from Balinese [Term?], from Old Javanese beji (“pond”).


malam pertama

Compound of malam (“night”) + pertama (“first”).

(literal) the first night in a sequence.

first night:
the first night in a sequence.

(figurative) the first night after marriage.

first night:
the first night after marriage.


balairung

Reconstructed as balai + *rung, inherited from Malay balairong (compare Minangkabau balerong), from Proto-Austronesian *balay (“house, hall”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuŋ (“unpartitioned building”).


pemakzulan

pemakzulan Donald Trump yang gagal
Donald Trump's failed impeachment


makzul

Inherited from Malay makzul, from Arabic معزول.


bacok

head

bacok (base, imperative, colloquial bacok, active membacok, ordinary passive dibacok, adversative passive terbacok)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦕꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (bacok), either via Betawi or directly, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bacuk (“to hoe”).


gugur

head

gugur (base, imperative, colloquial gugur, active menggugurkan, ordinary passive digugurkan)

gugur (colloquial)
menggugurkan (active)

Inherited from Malay gugur, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *guur (“to fall, be shed”).

der

(literal, intransitive) to be moved downwards

to fall
(literal, transitive) to move downwards

to collapse; to be overthrown or defeated.

to die, especially in battle or by disease.


teduh

Inherited from Malay teduh (compare Javanese ꦠꦼꦝꦸꦃ (tedhuh, “cloudy”), Old Javanese tĕḍuh (“quiet, calm”))).


kayu manis

Compound of kayu (“wood”) + manis (“sweet”), inherited from Malay kayu manis (“cinnamon”).

inh+

Cinnamomum verum
Cinnamomum verum#Translingual

Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Cinnamomum zeylanicum

A small evergreen tree native to Sri Lanka and southern India, Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum zeylanicum, belonging to the family Lauraceae.

Cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum cassia#Translingual

Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).

kayu manis:

A warm yellowish-brown color, the color of cinnamon.


Ekaristi

alternative letter-case form of ekaristi


Hambalang

Proyek Pusat Pendidikan Pelatihan Sekolah Olahraga Nasional (P3SON) di Hambalang, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat, kembali menjadi perbincangan.

2022, Aryo Putranto Saptohutomo, Proyek Hambalang dan Usul Dilanjutkan atau Dirobohkan:

The project of the National Sports School Training Education Centre (P3SON) at Hambalang, Bogor regency, West Java, was once again being discussed.

A village in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia.


bina diri

Compound of bina (“to develop”) + diri (“self”).

com+

(intransitive) to build and develop oneself


desalinasi

desalination: The process of removing salt from sea water in order to make drinking water.


rekayasa genetika

Compound of rekayasa (“engineering”) + genetika (“genetics”), calque of English genetic engineering.


tempat pengungsian sementara

id-noun

tempat pengungsian sementara (plural tempat-tempat pengungsian sementara)

tempat-tempat pengungsian sementara (plural)

Compound of tempat (“place”) + pengungsian (“evacuation”) + sementara (“temporary”).


kesesakan

kêsêsakan (canonical)
kesesakan-kesesakan (plural)

Affixed sesak + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kesesakan.


deret waktu

Compound of deret (“series”) + waktu (“time”), calque of English time series.


riset operasi

id-noun

riset operasi (plural riset-riset operasi)

Compound of riset (“research”) + operasi (“operation”), calque of English operations research.

com

operations research
operations research#English

(business, government, management) operations research: The application of scientific methods and techniques to problems of decision making, especially in business management and government administration.


penyampelan

pênyampêlan (canonical)
penyampelan-penyampelan (plural)

(Standard Malay)


perilaku organisasi

Compound of perilaku + organisasi, calque of English organizational behavior.

clq

organizational behavior
organizational behavior#English

(management) organizational behavior: the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself."


tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan

id-noun

tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (plural tanggung-tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan)

/ˈtaŋ.ɡʊŋ ˈd͡ʒa.wap so.ˈsi.al pər.ʊsa.ˈha.an/

Compound of tanggung jawab (“responsibility”) + sosial (“social”) + perusahaan (“corporate”), calque of English corporate social responsibility.

clq

corporate social responsibility
corporate social responsibility#English

(business) corporate social responsibility: A form of international private business self-regulation which aims to contribute to societal goals of a philanthropic, activist, or charitable nature.


terapi okupasi

occupational therapy
occupational therapy#English

(healthcare) occupational therapy: The therapeutic practice of encouraging better quality of life through the pursuit of work or other occupations.


diagram kotak garis

(statistics) box plot: A graphical summary of a numerical data sample through five statistics: median, lower quartile, upper quartile, and some indication of more extreme upper and lower values.


jurnalisme

Affixed jurnal (newspaper) + -isme, borrowed from English journalism, from French journalisme.


administrasi publik

public administration
public administration#English

(government, management) the implementation of public policy by governmental bodies; the administration of governmental functions; the administration of a state.

(Standard Malay)

(education) a field of study concerning this, sometimes considered a branch of political science.


pengecaman

pêngêcaman (canonical)
pengecaman-pengecaman (plural)

Sebelum itu, pengecaman terhadap bintang nyanyi Inul Dararista juga ramai.

Before that, condemnation of singing star Inul Dararista was common.

Presiden Turki Recep Tayyip Erdogan menolak keras setiap gerakan pengecaman yang menargetkan rakyat Rusia dari berbagai kalangan, termasuk seniman, mahasiswa dan cendekiawan Rusia.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has strongly rejected any gesture of condemnation targeting Russians from all walks of life, including Russian artists, students and intellectuals.


pengecaman

Affixed cam + peng- -an, inherited from Malay pengecaman.

Gambar di bawah merupakan alur proses pengecaman karakter digital ini berjalan.

The image below is the flow of how this digital character recognition process works.


Uni Emirat Arab

Compound of Uni + Emirat + Arab, from calque of English United Arab Emirates.

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


afwan

you're welcome, don't mention it, not at all


adik kelas

Compound of adik (“younger sibling”) + kelas (“class”).

com

Saya punya tekad membantu orang-orang 'adik kelas saya' buat belajar online.

I was determined to help my 'underclassman' learn online.