angket

angkèt (canonical)
angket-angket (plural)

From Dutch enquête, from French enquête, from Vulgar Latin *inquaesita < inquaerere, from Latin quaerere. Doublet of inkues.


akibat

Inherited from Malay akibat, from Classical Malay عاقبة (akibat), from Arabic عَاقِبَة (ʕāqiba, “consequence; obstacle”). Compare Tagalog akibat.

der

gangguan suasana hati akibat halusinogen

kehilangan pendengaran akibat kebisingan

teorema akibat
teorema akibat#Indonesian

(mathematics, logics) ellipsis of teorema akibat (“corollary”): a proposition which follows easily from the statement or proof of another proposition.


hemolisis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + λύσις (lúsis, “loosening”).

(biology, hematology, pathology) hemolysis, haemolysis: the destruction of red blood cells, and subsequent release of hemoglobin, at the normal end of the cell's life.


faktur

From Dutch factuur (“invoice”), from Latin factūra. Doublet of fitur.

Faktur Pajak Elektronik


diskonto

From Dutch disconto, from Italian disconto, from Medieval Latin discomputō (“I deduct, discount”). Doublet of diskon.


konsinyasi

From Dutch consignatie, from French consignation, from Latin cōnsignātiō (“written proof, document”).

(trading) consignation, consignment: sending goods to the agent for the purpose of sale with the ownership of these goods remains with the sender.


neraca

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाराच (nārāca, “metre”).

bor+

(accounting, trading) A list accounting for the debits on one side, and for the credits on the other.

(trading) The overall result of conflicting forces, opinions etc.; the influence which ultimately "weighs" more than others.

(physics) A pair of scales, A device for measuring weight.


sekuritas

sêkuritas (canonical)
sekuritas-sekuritas (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin sēcūritās, from Latin sēcūrus (“safe, secure”). Semantic loan from English security. Doublet of sekuriti.

(trading) proof of ownership of stocks, bonds or other investment instruments.

(economics) a tradeable financial asset, such as a share of stock.


opsi

→ Tetum: opsi

From Dutch optie, from French option, from Latin optiō (“choice; option; act of choosing”), from optō (“I choose, select”). Cognate to Afrikaans opsie.

der

(finance) a contract giving the holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a set strike price; can apply to financial market transactions, or to ordinary transactions for tangible assets such as a residence or automobile.


ekspresi

èksprèsi (canonical)
ekspresi-ekspresi (plural)

From Dutch expressie, from French expression, from Middle French expression, from Latin expressiō, expressiōnem (“a pressing out”).

(Standard Malay)

(biochemistry) process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect.


inteligensi

intêligènsi (canonical)
inteligensi-inteligensi (plural)

From Dutch intelligentie, from Old French intelligence, from Latin intelligentia. Doublet of intelijen and inteligensia.

(psychology) intelligence, capacity of mind.


kondominium

From Dutch condominium, from Latin condominium.

(sociology, in extension) shared ownership.


boplang

From Dutch bouw (“construction”) + plank (“plank”).

(engineering) plank for construction site border.


wabah

From earlier wabak, from Malay wabak, wabah, from Classical Malay وابق (wabak), وابه (wabah), from Arabic وَبَاء (wabāʔ, “epidemic”).


astana

From Malay astana from Sanskrit आस्थान (āsthāna). Doublet of istana.


inokulasi

(microbiology) the introduction of a microorganism into a culture medium.

(immunology) the introduction of an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.


eksaminasi

èksaminasi (canonical)
eksaminasi-eksaminasi (plural)

From Dutch examinatie, from Latin exāminātiō.

(linguistics) examination of authenticity.

examination,
examination of authenticity.


hiperemia

Borrowed from English hyperemia, from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).


vaksin

From Dutch vaccin, from French vaccin, from Latin vaccīnus, from vacca (“cow”) (because of early use of the cowpox virus against smallpox).


meter persegi

id-noun

meter persegi (plural meter-meter persegi)


esai

Borrowed from English assay, from Middle English assay (noun) and assayen (verb), from Anglo-Norman assai (noun) and Anglo-Norman assaier (verb), from Old French essai, see previous etymology.

(biochemistry) assay: the qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis of something.


aterm

(medicine) full term, at term: with respect to a pregnancy, the period during which birth usually happens (approximately 40 weeks from conception).


infeksi

infèksi (canonical)
infeksi-infeksi (plural)

From Dutch infectie (“infection”), from French infection (“infection”), from Old French infection, from Late Latin īnfectiō.


ruptur

From Dutch ruptuur, from French rupture, from Latin ruptūra (“a breaking, rupture (of a limb or vein)”).

der

(medicine) rupture, a break or tear in soft tissue, such as a muscle.


hongeroedeem

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch hongeroedeem.

ubor

(pathology) kwashiorkor: a form of malnutrition, found in children, caused by dietary insufficiency of protein in combination with a high-carbohydrate diet.


injeksi

injèksi (canonical)
injeksi-injeksi (plural)

(medicine) something injected subcutaneously, intravenously, or intramuscularly by use of a syringe and a needle.

(engineering, mechanics) the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector.


lembaga

lêmbaga (canonical)
lembaga-lembaga (plural)

From Malay lembaga, from Classical Malay lembaga (“shape”), from Sanskrit [Term?]. Coined by Komisi Istilah in 1954 to translate Dutch instituut. Semantic loan from English embryo for “rudimentary plant” sense.

(botany) a rudimentary plant contained in the seed.


eselon

èsêlon (canonical)
eselon-eselon (plural)

From Dutch echelon, from French échelon (“rung; echelon”), échelle, from Old French eschale, from Latin scāla. Doublet of skala.

(management) a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society.


tingtur

From Dutch tinctuur, from Latin tinctura.

(pharmacy) tincture, an alcoholic extract of plant material, used as a medicine.


adiksi

From Dutch addictie, from Latin addictiō.

(medicine, psychology) addiction, a state that is characterized by compulsive drug use or compulsive engagement in rewarding behavior, despite negative consequences.


syok

From Dutch shock, from English shock, from Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”).

der

(psychology) a sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.

(emergency medicine) circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterised by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.


gasal

From Malay gasal. Compare Javanese ꦒꦁꦱꦭ꧀ (gangsal), Tagalog gansal.

(mathematics) odd, numerically indivisible by two.


pandemik

pandémik (canonical)
pandemik-pandemik (plural)

From English pandemic, from Late Latin pandemus, from Ancient Greek πάν (pán, “all”) + δῆμος (dêmos, “the people”). Doublet of pandemi.

compound

(epidemiology) pandemic, of a disease: epidemic over a wide geographical area and affecting a large proportion of the population; also, of or pertaining to a disease of this nature.


nisbah

Inherited from Malay nisbah, from Classical Malay nisbah, from Arabic نِسْبَة (nisba). The sense in Arabic grammar and Islamic finance are semantic borrowings from the same Arabic word.

a number representing a comparison between two named things.

the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient).

(Arabic grammar) nisba: a common suffix to form adjectives of relation or pertinence.


lebam

(zoology) streaked spinefoot, Java rabbitfish, blue-spotted spinefoot, blue-spotted trevally, Java spinefoot, white-spotted rabbit-fish (Siganus javus).


reaksi

réaksi (canonical)
reaksi-reaksi (plural)

From Dutch reaktie (current spelling reactie), from Old French reaction, from Latin reāctiō. Compare to Afrikaans reaksie.

(biology) an action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event.

reaksi kimia

(chemistry) a transformation in which one or more substances is converted into another by combination or decomposition.


anjung

(architecture) mezzanine (intermediate floor or storey in between the main floors of a building)


auskultasi

From Dutch auscultatie, from French auscultation, from Latin auscultātio (“act of listening”).

inspeksi, palpasi, perkusi, auskultasi ― inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

(medicine) auscultation, diagnosis of disorders by listening to the sounds of the internal organs, usually using a stethoscope.


kliring

(banking, finance) clearing, a process of exchanging transaction information and authorisation through a central institution or system to complete and settle those transactions.


adjektif

From Dutch adjectief, from Middle French adjectif, from Latin adiectīvus.

(linguistics, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


amalaka

From Sanskrit आमलक (āmalaka, “emblic, Indian gooseberry”).

der

(archaeology) amalaka: a segmented or notched stone disk, usually with ridges on the rim, that sits on the top of a Hindu temple's shikhara or main tower.


anugrahamurti

From Sanskrit अनुग्रहमूर्ति (anugrahamūrti) (अनुग्रह (anugraha) + मूर्ति (mūrti)).

अनुग्रहमूर्ति

(archaeology) boon-conferring aspects of Shiva.


arupadatu

From Sanskrit आरूपधातु (ārūpadhātu, “formless realm”) (आ (ā) + रूप (rūpa) + धातु (dhātu).


netral

From Dutch neutral, from late Middle Dutch neutrael, from Middle French neutral, from Old French neutral, from Latin neutrālis, itself from neuter (“neither”).

Kondisi netral ditunjukkan dengan nilai pH 7.

A neutral condition is indicated by pH 7.

(chemistry) neutral, neither acid nor alkali.

neutral,
neutral, neither acid nor alkali.

(physics) neither positive nor negative; possessing no charge or equivalent positive and negative charge such that there is no imbalance.

(linguistics) neuter, neither masculin nor feminine.


kejadian

(probability theory, statistics) event: a set of outcomes to which a probability is assigned


KLB

(epidemiology) Initialism of kejadian luar biasa (“disease outbreak”, literally “extraordinary event”).


klise

From Dutch cliché, from French cliché, past participle of clicher (“to stereotype, (originally) to copy”, literally “to click, clink”), from Middle French clicher, from Old French cliquer (“to click, clack, sound, resound”), of Germanic origin.

(printing) a stereotype (printing plate).


iuran

From Malay yuran, iuran, from Classical Malay يورن (yuran), ااورن (iuran).

Pemerintah naikkan iuran kesehatan.


inang

(Standard Malay)

(ecology) a cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.

(evolution, genetics) an organism bearing certain genetic material, with respect to its cells.


konstruksi

From Dutch constructie, from Middle Dutch constructie, from Old French construction, from Latin cōnstructiō, from cōnstruere (present active infinitive of cōnstruō) + tiō.

(grammar) A group of words arranged to form a meaningful phrase.

(geometry) A geometric figure of arcs and line segments that is drawable with a straightedge and compass.


konstruksi

head

konstruksi (active mengonstruksi, passive dikonstruksi, perfective passive terkonstruksi)

mengonstruksi (active)
dikonstruksi (passive)
terkonstruksi (passive perfective)

(grammar) To build (a sentence, an argument, etc.) by arranging words or ideas.

(geometry) To draw (a geometric figure) by following precise specifications and using geometric tools and techniques.


apneu

From Dutch apneu, from the New Latin apnoea, from the Ancient Greek ἄπνοια (ápnoia), formed from ἀ- (a-, “absence of”) + πνοή (pnoḗ, “breathing”).

(emergency medicine) alternative spelling of apnea (“apnea; apnoea”).


isolasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch isolatie, from French isolation.

(medicine) the separation of a patient, suffering from a contagious disease, from contact with others.

(chemistry) the obtaining of an element from one of its compounds, or of a compound from a mixture.

(physics, engineering, electricity) insulation, a medium in which it is possible to maintain an electrical field with little supply of energy from additional sources.


bayam

(zoology) Diana's hogfish (Bodianus diana).

(zoology) Redfin hogfish (Bodianus dictynna).


kelompok

kêlompok (canonical)
kelompok-kelompok (plural)

From Malay kelompok, from Classical Malay kelompok.

(anthropology, politics) a number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.


bidang

(geometry) a flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane).

(anatomy) plane: an imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions.


sintetis

sintetis (canonical)
sintètis (canonical)

(chemistry) produced by synthesis instead of being isolated from a natural source (but may be identical to a product so obtained).


sintetik

sintetik (canonical)
sintètik (canonical)


PTM

(medicine, pathology) initialism of penyakit tidak menular (“non-communicable disease”).


tetua

From Malay tetua, from Classical Malay tetua. Equivalent to reduplication of tua (“old”).

(biology) parent, an organism from which a plant or animal is immediately biologically descended.


derivatif

From Dutch derivatief, from Middle French dérivatif, from Latin dērīvātus, perfect passive participle of dērīvō (“I derive”).

(chemistry) A chemical derived from another

derivative,
A chemical derived from another

(finance) A financial instrument whose value depends on the valuation of an underlying asset.


derivatif

derivative,
(linguistics) derived from root word.


katalis

From Malay katalis, borrowed from English catalyst.

(chemistry) accelerator: a substance which speeds up chemical reactions.


katalisator

From Dutch katalysator. Compare to Afrikaans katalisator.

(chemistry) a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.


cadangan

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Affixed cadang + -an, from Malay cadangan (“plan; suggestion”).
* The sense of “backup, reserve, or substitute” is reinforced as semantic loan from Javanese ꦕꦝꦔꦤ꧀ (cadhangan, “reserve, back up, spare”), ꦕꦝꦁ (cadhang, “to hold out the hands to receive”), from Old Javanese caḍaṅ (“preparation”).

sl

cadangan penghapusan piutang buruk dan ragu


kodifikasi

(law, linguistics, management) codification

the process of precisely formulating a statement, such as a code of laws.

the act or result of arranging something into a code; the act of setting down a body of knowledge in a systematic way.


bahasa ibu

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + ibu (“mother”), calque of Dutch moedertaal.

(linguistics) mother tongue, native language, first language, the language one first learned; the language one grew up with.


bahasa buatan

bahasa (“language”) + buatan (“artificial”).

compound

constructed language
constructed language#English

(linguistics) constructed language, a human language that has been consciously devised by an individual or a small group, as opposed to having naturally evolved as part of a culture like a natural language.


bahasa gaul

bahasa (“language”) + gaul (“friendship, socialisation”).

language outside of conventional usage and in the informal register,

the specialized language of a social group, sometimes used to make what is said unintelligible to those not members of the group.


bahasa halus

bahasa (“language”) + halus (“refined”).


bahasa kasar

bahasa (“language”) + kasar (“crude, rude”).

(linguistics) offensive register, causing offense; arousing a visceral reaction of disgust, anger, or hatred.


bahasa klasik

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + klasik (“classical”), partial calque of Dutch klassieke talen (klassieke + talen).

com

(linguistics, literature) a classical language


bahasa kuno

(linguistics) ancient language, any language originating in times that may be referred to as ancient.


bahasa pasar

id-noun

bahasa pasar (plural bahasa-bahasa pasar)

From bahasa (“language”) + pasar (“market”).

(linguistics) trade language, vehicular language


bahasa resmi

bahasa (“language”) + resmi (“official”).

compound

official language
official language#English

(linguistics) official language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction, typically for government use.


bahasa asing

bahasa (“language”) + asing (“foreign”).

foreign language
foreign language#English

a language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place.

a language that is not one's native tongue.


bahasa dagang

id-noun

bahasa dagang (plural bahasa-bahasa dagang)

From bahasa (“language”) + dagang (“trade”).


bahasa mati

(linguistics) dead language, a language which no longer has any native speakers.


BNO

(medicine) Initialism of Blaas Nier Overzicht (“kidney, ureter, and bladder”, literally “bladder-kidney survey”).


krisis

From Dutch crisis, from Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis).

crisis (unstable situation, especially one involving an impending abrupt change)


radiasi

From Dutch radiatie, from French radiation, from Latin radiatio, radiationem.

the shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light.

the process of radiating waves or particles.

the transfer of energy via radiation (as opposed to convection or conduction).

(Standard Malay)

(physics) radiation,
radioactive energy.


amplifikasi

From Dutch amplificatie, from Latin amplificātiō.

(linguistics) a translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.

(linguistics) a figure of speech that adds importance to increase its rhetorical effect.

(computing, electronics, physics) the act, or result of independently increasing some quantity, especially voltage, power or current.


generik

From Dutch generiek, from Middle French générique, from Latin genus (“genus, kind”) + -ic.

(pharmacy) not having a brand name of a drug; nonproprietary in design or contents


tahun buku

Compound of tahun (“year”) + buku (“book”), calque of Dutch boekjaar (“financial year, fiscal year”, literally “book year”).


intonasi

From Dutch intonatie, from French intonation.

(linguistics) the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.


koordinasi

From Dutch coördinatie, from Middle French coordination, from Late Latin coordinationem (accusative of coordinatio), from Latin coordinare.

(linguistics) an equal joining together of two or more phrases or clauses, for example, using and, or, or but.


HGB

hak guna bangunan
hak guna bangunan#Indonesian

(real estate) Initialism of hak guna bangunan.


komunis

From earlier kominis, from Dutch communist, from French communiste or German Kommunist.


kemampuan membayar

id-noun

kemampuan membayar (plural kemampuan-kemampuan membayar)

From kemampuan (“ability”) + membayar (“pay”). Calque of English ability to pay.


akselerasi

(Standard Malay)

(classical mechanics) the change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).


material kontras

id-noun

material kontras (plural material-material kontras)

contrast material
contrast material#English

(medicine, radiology) contrast material.


batas kuantum

batas kuantum (plural batas-batas kuantum)


jembatan Wheatstone

Wheatstone bridge
Wheatstone bridge#English


ultrasonik

From English ultrasonic, equivalent to ultra- + sonik.


emisi akustik

emisi akustik (plural emisi-emisi akustik)

acoustic emission
acoustic emission#English


frekuensi audio

frekuensi audio (plural frekuensi-frekuensi audio)


angkur

From Dutch anker, from Middle Dutch anker, from Old Dutch *anker, from Latin anchora.

(architecture) anchor, a metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together.


butiran ludah

butiran ludah (plural butiran-butiran ludah)

From butiran (“particle”) + ludah (“saliva”).


alergi

alèrgi (canonical)
alergi-alergi (plural)

From Dutch allergie, from German Allergie. Coined by Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906 from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work, activity”), on the model of Energie.

(medicine) allergy, a disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma.


lampu lalu lintas

lampu lalu lintas (plural lampu-lampu lalu lintas)

Compound of lampu (“lamp”) + lalu lintas (“traffic”), calque of Dutch verkeerslicht.

compound

(common, transport) traffic light, stoplight.


bocor alus

Compound of bocor (“leak”) + halus (“fine, smooth”).

(colloquial, architecture) slow and minor leaking


fantosmia

(pathology) phantosmia: a form of parosmia involving olfactory hallucinations in which the perceived smell is triggered apparently without cause rather than by another smell.


satuan tugas

id-noun

satuan tugas (plural satuan-satuan tugas)

Compound of satuan (“unit”) + tugas (“task”), from calque of English task force.

(business, government, military) task force


kedokteran gigi

From kedokteran (“medicine”) + gigi (“tooth”) as calque of German Zahnmedizin (“dentistry”, literally “tooth medicine”).


anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara

[aŋˈɡaran pəndaˈpatan ˈdan bəˈland͡ʒa nəˈɡara]

Compound of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja (“revenue and expenditure budget”) + negara (“state, country”).

compound

(finance, government) state budget, government budget. (Indonesia)

id:Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara


indikasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch indicatie.

(medicine) any symptom or occurrence in a disease that serves to direct to suitable remedies; the problem that warrants and prompts the use of a diagnostic test, imaging mode, or treatment (e.g., medication, surgical procedure)

id:reason for using a medical test or treatment

(finance) an declared approximation of the price at which a traded security is likely to commence trading


presisi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch precisie, probably from Middle French precision, ultimately from Latin praecīsiō.

(Standard Malay)

(sciences) precision, the ability of a measurement to be reproduced consistently.


sekon

From Dutch seconde (“second”), from French seconde, from Latin secunda.

(sciences) second, one-sixtieth of a minute; the SI unit of time, defined as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of caesium-133 in a ground state at a temperature of absolute zero and at rest.


bea materai

Compound of bea + materai, calque of Dutch zegelrecht. Replaced bea segel.


pengesahan kewajaran

(business) attestation: The process, performed by accountants or auditors, of providing independent opinion on published financial and other business information of a business, public agency, or other organization.


daya hantar

Compound of daya + hantar, from English conductivity. Coined by Komisi Istilah 50s.


sabu-sabu

Reduplication of sabu, from English shabu, from Japanese シャブ (shabu, “stimulant”), possibly from Japanese しゃぶる (shaburu, “to suck, to lick”).


penanda

(biology) A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.

(biology, medicine) a biomarker: A substance used as a diagnostic indicator or for other analysis;

A semantic unit, something that conveys meaning or information (e.g. a word of written language); (linguistics, semiotics) a unit consisting of a signifier and a signified concept.

(linguistics) identifier: the sound of spoken word or string of letters on a page that a person recognizes as a sign; signifier.


kanker serviks

From kanker + serviks. Calque of English cervical cancer.


kala kini

From kala + kini. Calque of English present tense.


kala akan datang

From kala + akan datang. Calque of English future tense.


reksa dana

Compound of reksa (“guardian”) + dana (“fund”), semantic loan from English mutual fund. Coined in Law No.8 of 1995 on Capital Market, which passed in 1995. The term was inspired by name PT Reksadana.


dana abadi

From dana (“fund”) + abadi (“eternal”), calque of English endowment fund.

sovereign wealth fund
sovereign wealth fund


hawalah

From Arabic حَوَالَة (ḥawāla, “transfer, trust”).

bor

(Islamic finance) hawala, a long-established informal system of money transfer from India and the Middle East, still in use by migrant workers.


kafalah

Borrowed from Arabic كَفَالَةٌ (kafālatun).


mudarib

Borrowed from Arabic مُضَارِب (muḍārib).


wakalah

Borrowed from Arabic وَكَالَة (wakāla, “proxy”).


wadiah

Borrowed from Arabic وَدِيعَة (wadīʕa, “deposit”).

(Islamic finance) deposit of funds or assets by a person with an Islamic bank


musyarakah

Borrowed from Arabic مُشَارَكَة (mušāraka, “sharing”).


mukayyad

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُقَيَّد (muqayyad).


ilmu saraf

Compound of ilmu + saraf, from Malay ilmu saraf, from Classical Malay ilmu saraf, from Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf).

der

عِلْم الصَّرْف

Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf)

(linguistics) morphology: the study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).


kartu kredit

id-noun

kartu krédit (plural kartu-kartu kredit)

kartu krédit (canonical)
kartu-kartu kredit (plural)

From kartu (“card”) + kredit (“credit”). Calque of English credit card.


karier

(medicine) carrier: a person or other organism that has a genetic trait, mutation or infection liable to cause a disease, but displays no symptoms.


mizan

From Malay mizan, from Arabic مِيزَان (mīzān).


kelajuan

kêlajuan (canonical)
kelajuan-kelajuan (plural)

Affixed laju + ke- -an, from Malay kelajuan.

(chiefly mechanics) speed: the rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time.


kecepatan

kêcêpatan (canonical)
kecepatan-kecepatan (plural)

Affixed cepat + ke- -an, from Malay kecepatan.
* The sense of too fast is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦕꦼꦥꦼꦠꦤ꧀ (kacepetan).

sl

(Standard Malay)

(mechanics) velocity: a vector quantity that denotes the rate of change of position with respect to time, combining speed with a directional component.


plasenta

From Dutch placenta, from New Latin placenta (“a vascular and endocrine organ”), from Latin placenta (“flat cake”), because of the flat round shape of the afterbirth, from Ancient Greek πλακόεντα (plakóenta), πλακοῦντα (plakoûnta), accusative of πλακόεις (plakóeis), πλακοῦς (plakoûs, “flat cake”), from πλάξ (pláx, “flat”).

der

a vascular organ in mammals, except monotremes and marsupials, present only in the female during gestation. It supplies food and oxygen from the mother to the foetus, and passes back waste. It is implanted in the wall of the uterus and links to the foetus through the umbilical cord. It is expelled after birth.

it is an endocrine gland which secret human chorionic gonadotropin hormone.The HCG if detected in woman's urine then the pregnancy is confirmed.


prevalensi

prévalènsi (canonical)
prevalensi-prevalensi (plural)

Internationalism, from Dutch prevalentie, from Middle French prévalence.

Prevalensi penyakit akan tinggi pada puncak epidemi.

Prevalence will be high on the peak of epidemic.

(medicine) the total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.


lingkungan

Affixed lingkung + -an, inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”).
* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.
* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).

cog

(Standard Malay)

lingkungan tetangga
lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian

(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”).


spesialis

From Dutch specialist, from French spécialiste.

dokter spesialis
dokter spesialis#Indonesian

(medicine, healthcare) ellipsis of dokter spesialis (“specialist”).: a physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery.


katena

From English catena, from Medieval Latin catena, from Latin catēna (“chain”).

(geology) catena: a series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope.


gendis

gêndis (canonical)
gendis-gendis (plural)


gardu induk

Compound of gardu (“post, station”) + induk (“central”, literally “main”), calque from Japanese 一次変電所(いじへンでんしょ) (ijihendensho, “primary substation”). Compare Dutch energiecentrale (“power station”, literally “energy centre”) and Dutch onderstation (“substation”).

cog

(electricity) substation, specifically transmission substation.


koefisien

koèfisièn (canonical)
koefisien-koefisien (plural)

From Dutch coëfficiënt, from French coefficient, coined by French mathematician François Viète.


kontaminasi

From Dutch contaminatie, from Latin contāminātiō.

(linguistics) the influence of one form (often from a foreign language) on the historical development of another form to which it may be related in meaning.


kapasitas

Learned borrowing from Latin capācitās. Displaced earlier Dutch loanwords of kapasitit, kapasitet and kapasiteit of capaciteit.

(electricity, electronics) Electrical capacitance.


pembukaan

Affixation of buka + peng- -an.
* For obstetrical sense of cervical dilatation, semantic loan from Dutch ontsluiting.

(obstetrics) cervical dilation: the opening of the cervix, the entrance to the uterus, during childbirth.


keping biru

Compound of keping (“chip”) + biru (“blue”), calque of English blue chip.

(economics) blue chip: A stock or other investment that has a high price because of its perceived reliability.


nyeri

→ Javanese: ꦚꦼꦫꦶ (nyeri)

Probably affixed iri (“envious, jealous”) + meng-, borrowed from Sundanese ᮑᮨᮛᮤ (nyeri, “ill, sick; pain”). Compare to Javanese ꦱꦼꦫꦶꦏ꧀ (serik, “offended, irritated”), Javanese ꦱꦫꦶꦏ꧀ (sarik, “extraordinary (magic) power”).

ncog

(medicine, psychology) pain: an ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt.


fekunditas

Learned borrowing from Latin fēcunditās (“fruitfulness, fertility”), from fēcundus.


kontribusi

From Dutch contributie, from Middle French [Term?] (Modern French contribution), from Latin contribūtiōnem, contribūtiō, from Latin contribuēre.

(Islam, insurance) premium (the amount to be paid for an Islamic insurance policy)


antisosial

From English antisocial. Equivalent to anti- + sosial.

(psychiatry, psychology) antisocial: opposed to social order or the principles of society; hostile toward society.


antasida

(pharmacy) Superseded spelling of antasid.


bangsal

From Malay bangsal, from Classical Malay bangsal, from Hindi भनसाल (bhansāl, “storehouse”), from earlier भण्डसाल (bhaṇḍasāl), भण्डसार (bhaṇḍasār), from Sanskrit भाण्डशाला (bhāṇḍaśālā, “storehouse, magazine”), from भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa) + शाला (śālā).
* Sense of hall is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦁꦱꦭ꧀ (bangsal, “mansion”), which cf above.
* Sense of ward is a semantic loan from Dutch zaal (“ward”, literally “room, hall”).

compound

भाण्ड (bhāṇḍa) + शाला (śālā)

sl

(healthcare, medicine) ward: a part of a hospital, with beds, where patients reside.


paviliun

Borrowed from Dutch paviljoen, from French pavillon, from Latin pāpiliōnem, form of pāpiliō (“butterfly, moth”).


oposisi

From Dutch oppositie, from Middle Dutch opposicie, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French oposicion, from Late Latin oppositio, translating Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις (antíthesis), from the past participle stem of classical Latin oppōnere (“to set against”).

(astronomy) the apparent relative position of two celestial bodies when one is at an angle of 180 degrees from the other as seen from the Earth.

(linguistics) the opposition between two linguistic elements to show differences in meaning


stratifikasi

From Dutch stratificatie, from French stratification, from Medieval Latin stratificatio, from Latin stratum.

(geology) the process leading to the formation or deposition of layers, especially of sedimentary rocks

(ecology) the vertical layering of vegetation in a forest

(sociology) society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata


kritis

From Dutch kritisch, from German kritisch, from French critique, from Latin criticus, from Ancient Greek κριτικός (kritikós). Cognate of Afrikaans krities.

(medicine) of a patient condition involving unstable vital signs and a prognosis that predicts the condition could worsen; or, a patient condition that requires urgent treatment in an intensive care or critical care medical facility.


invois

From English invoice, from Middle French envois pl, plural of envoi, from the verb envoyer (“to send”), from Late Latin inviāre, from Latin via (“road, path”).


klinisi

From Dutch clinici, plural form of clinicus, from Latin clinicus, from Ancient Greek κλῑνικός (klīnikós), from κλῑ́νη (klī́nē, “the bed”).


kuarsa asap

From kuarsa (“quartz”) + asap (“smoke”). Calque of English smokey quartz.

A brown to black variety of quartz; smoky quartz.


adolesens

adolèsêns (canonical)
adolesens-adolesens (plural)


afek

From Dutch affect, from Latin affectus, adfectus (“a state of mind or body produced by some (external) influence, especially sympathy or love”), from afficere (“to act upon, influence”).

(psychology, psychiatry) affect: a subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs.


pajak pertambahan nilai

id-noun

pajak pertambahan nilai (plural pajak-pajak pertambahan nilai)

Compound of pajak (“tax”) + pertambahan (“addition”) + nilai (“value”), calque of English value added tax.


pajak nilai tambah

Compound of pajak (“tax”) + nilai tambah (“value added”), calque of English value added tax.

pajak pertambahan nilai
pajak pertambahan nilai#Indonesian

(taxation, dated) Synonym of pajak pertambahan nilai


nilai tambah

From nilai (“value”) + tambah (“add”). Calque of English value added.

(economics, business) the amount by which the value of an article is increased at each stage of its production, exclusive of initial costs; value added.


nilai tambah

(economics, business, of goods) having features added to a basic line or model for which the buyer is prepared to pay extra; value added.


dana kekayaan berdaulat

From dana (“fund”) + kekayaan (“wealth”) + berdaulat (“sovereign”). Calque of English sovereign wealth fund.


gaya gerak listrik

Compound of gaya (“force”) + gerak (“movement”) + listrik (“electricity”), a calque of Dutch elektromotorische kracht.


GGL

gaya gerak listrik
gaya gerak listrik#Indonesian

(electromagnetism) Initialism of gaya gerak listrik (“electromotive force”): EMF.


gaya gerak magnet

Compound of gaya (“force”) + gerak (“movement”) + magnet (“magnet”), calque of Dutch magnetomotorische kracht (“magnetomotive force”).


formasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch formatie, from French formation, from Old French formacion, from Latin fōrmātiō, fōrmātiōnem.

formation:
(geology) a rock or face of a mountain.

formation:
a rock or face of a mountain.


pupuk

A natural substance that is used to make the ground more suitable for growing plants.

A chemical compound created to have the same effect.


infrasonik

infrasonic (of sound waves, having frequencies below the human audible range)


infrasonik

infrasound (sound wave having a frequency below the human audible range)


kuadrat

From Dutch kwadraat, from Middle French quadrat, from Latin quadrātum.

Menurut hukum gravitasi universal Newton, tiap partikel memiliki gaya tarik menarik dengan partikel lain, yang berbanding lurus dengan perkalian massa kedua partikel dan berbanding terbalik dengan kuadrat jarak antara kedua partikel.

According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, every particle has an attracting force with another particle, that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two particles.

(algebra) square; the product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself


kuadrat

Tiga kuadrat tambah empat kuadrat sama dengan lima kuadrat.

Three squared plus four squared equals five squared.

(algebra) squared; raised to the second power


bujur sangkar

From bujur (“length”) + sangkar (“cage”).

(geometry, unfashionable) square; a polygon with four sides of equal length and four right angles


berbanding lurus

From berbanding (“having a proportion”) + lurus (“straight”).

compound

directly proportional
directly proportional


berbanding terbalik

From berbanding (“having a proportion”) + terbalik (“flipped”).

inversely proportional
inversely proportional


bengkok

bèngkok (canonical)
bengkok-bengkok (plural)

From Malay bengkok, from Classical Malay bengkok, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *biŋkuk (“curved, bent”).

inh

(surgery, colloquial) kidney dish, emesis basin: a shallow basin with a kidney-shaped base and sloping walls used in medical and surgical wards to receive soiled dressings and other medical waste, commonly known as Dutch nierbekken (“renal pelvis”, literally “kidney-shaped basin”).


relativitas khusus

From relativitas (“relativity”) + khusus (“special”). Calque of English special relativity.

compound

special relativity
special relativity#English


relativitas umum

From relativitas (“relativity”) + umum (“general”). Calque of English general relativity.

general relativity
general relativity#English


gradien

gradièn (canonical)
gradien-gradien (plural)

From Dutch gradiënt, from French gradient, from Latin gradiēns, present participle of gradior (“to step, to walk”).


kontinen

From Dutch continent, from French continent, from Latin continēns.


konstituen

From Dutch constituent, from Latin cōnstituēns, present participle of cōnstituō (“I establish”), from com- (“together”) + statuo (“I set, place, establish”).

(linguistics) a functional element of a phrase or clause.


swakontradiksi

From swa- (“self-, auto-”) + kontradiksi (“contradiction”). Calque of English self-contradiction.


deviasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deviatie, from Middle French deviation, from Medieval Latin deviatio.

(statistics) for interval variables and ratio variables, a measure of difference between the observed value and the mean.

(sociology) deviance: Actions or behaviors that violate formal and informal cultural norms such as laws and customs.


simpangan baku

Compound of simpangan (“deviation”) + baku (“standard”), calque of English standard deviation or Dutch standaarddeviatie.

compound

standard deviation
standard deviation#English


ekstrak

From Dutch extract, from Latin extractum.

(chemistry) a solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant (distinguished from an abstract).


ekstraksi

From Dutch extractie, from French extraction, from Old French estraction, from Medieval Latin extractio.

an act of extracting or the condition of being extracted.

(chemistry) the separation of a substance from a matrix.

(mineralogy) resource extraction: the process of locating, acquiring and selling any resource

something extracted, an extract, as from a plant or an organ of an animal etc.

(dentistry, medicine) an organ of human.


bagan organisasi

organisation chart
organisation chart#English

organization chart
organization chart#English

(management) organisation chart, organization chart.


skema organisasi

skema + organisasi as a calque of Dutch organisatieschema.


perkalian skalar

scalar multiplication
scalar multiplication#English


hasil kali kelarutan

From hasil kali (“product”) + kelarutan (“solubility”).

solubility product
solubility product#English


andong

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦴꦁ (andong, “a certain plant”).

bor+

Cordyline fruticosa
Cordyline fruticosa#Translingual

(botany) ti plant, palm lily, cabbage palm (Cordyline fruticosa).


kedokteran forensik

From kedokteran (“medicine”) + forensik (“forensic”) as calque of Dutch forensische geneeskunde or forensisch arts.

compound

forensic medicine
forensic medicine#English


delesi

(genetics) deletion: a mutation in which a gene, or other section of DNA, is removed from a chromosome.


sirkumsisi

From Dutch circumcisie, from Latin circumcīsiō.


kreditur

From Dutch crediteur, from Middle French crediteur (Modern French créditeur), from Old French creditor, creditour, from Latin creditor.

(finance) creditor: a person to whom a debt is owed.


debitur

From Dutch debiteur, from Middle French debiteur (Modern French débiteur, from Latin debitum, supine of debere (“to be due, have to, must”).

(finance) debitor, debtor: a person or firm that owes money; one in debt; one who owes a debt.


sirkuit

From Dutch circuit (“circuit”), from Old French circuit, from Latin circuitus.

(electricity, electronics) enclosed path of an electric current, usually designed for a certain function.


kesatuan

kêsatuan (canonical)
kesatuan-kesatuan (plural)

satu + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kesatuan.

(sciences) a standard measure of a quantity.


abduksi

Affixed ab- + *duksi, from Dutch abductie, from Latin abductiō.

(anatomy) the act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.


aduksi

From Dutch adductie, from Latin adductio, adductionis, from adducō (“I bring to myself”), from ad + ducō (“I lead”).

(anatomy) adduction: the action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis.


konversi

konvèrsi (canonical)
konversi-konversi (plural)

From Dutch conversie, from Middle French conversion, from Old French conversion, from Latin conversiō.


likuid

* From English liquid, from Middle English liquide, from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid, moist”), from liqueō (“to be liquid, be fluid”).
* For financial sense of liquid is a semantic loan from Dutch liquide.

easily sold or disposed of without losing value.

having sufficient trading activity to make buying or selling easy.


likuida

From Dutch liquida, from Middle English liquide, from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid, moist”), from liqueō (“to be liquid, be fluid”).

(phonology) liquid: A class of consonant sounds that includes l and r.


likuidasi

From Dutch liquidatie, from Middle French liquidation, from Italian liquidazione.

(management) liquidation: the selling of the assets of a business as part of the process of dissolving the business.


likuidator

From Dutch liquidator or English liquidator.

(management) liquidator: one who liquidates.


hidrofor

Borrowed from English hydrophore, from Ancient Greek ὑδροφόρος (hudrophóros)

(engineering) a tank used to provide water pressure.

hydrophore:
a tank used to provide water pressure.


praba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦧ (praba), from Old Javanese prabhā, from Sanskrit प्रभा (prabhā, “illumination”).

(archaeology) halo or nimbus in a stele.


hidrargilit

(mining) gibbsite, hydrargyllite: a mineral with monoclinic crystals, usually white but can have different colors, Al(OH)


buku besar

buku bêsar (canonical)
buku-buku besar (plural)

Compound of buku (“book”) + besar (“big”), partial calque of Dutch grootboek (literally “big, great book”).

partial calque

(accounting) general ledger, nominal ledger.


ggl

(physics) Alternative letter-case form of GGL


wujud

[ˈwud͡ʒʊt̪̚]

From Malay wujud, from Arabic وُجُود (wujūd).

(chemistry) phase: a component in a material system that is distinguished by chemical composition and/or physical state (solid, liquid or gas) and/or crystal structure. It is delineated from an adjoining phase by an abrupt change in one or more of those conditions.


promosi

From Dutch promotie, from French promotion, from Latin prōmōtiō, from prōmoveō.

(marketing) an event intended to increase the reach or image of a product or brand.


momen gaya

From compound of momen + gaya, calque of Dutch krachtmoment (“moment of force”).


momen inersia

From compound of momen + inersia, from partial calque of English moment of inertia.

moment of inertia
moment of inertia#English

angular velocity
angular velocity#English

(physics) moment of inertia; a measure of a rigid body's resistance to change in its angular velocity around a given axis


evolusi

From Dutch evolutie, from Latin ēvolūtiō, ēvolūtiōnis (“the act of unrolling, unfolding or opening (of a book)”).

der

evolution: a process of gradual change in a given system, subject, product etc., especially from simpler to more complex forms.


gempa susulan

From gempa (“earthquake”) + susulan, from English aftershock.

(seismology) An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake; aftershock.


gempa utama

From gempa (“earthquake, shock”) + utama (“main”). Calque of English mainshock.

compound

(seismology) The largest earthquake in a sequence. Sometimes preceded by foreshocks and almost always followed by aftershocks which are of lesser intensity; mainshock.


fasies

(geology) A body of rock with specified characteristics reflecting the way it was formed; facies.


penyangga

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry) a solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid.


obat keras

Compound of obat (“drug, medicine”) + keras (“strong”), calque of Dutch sterk werkende geneesmiddelen, sterk (“strong”) + werkende (“work, effect, function”) + geneesmiddelen (“medicine, medication”).

compound

(medicine, pharmacy) prescription drug, prescription medication, prescription medicine: a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed.


stratovolkano

Unadapted borrowing from English stratovolcano.

ubor

(volcanology) A tall conical volcano, composed of layers (or strata) of hardened lava, tephra and ash; stratovolcano.


silabel

Borrowed from Dutch syllabe, from French syllabe, from Old French sillebe, from Latin syllaba, from Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ), from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “I gather together”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).


kata kunci

Compound of kata (“word”) + kunci (“key”), calque of Dutch sleutelwoord (“keyword”).

clq

(information science, drama) any word used in a reference work to link to other words or other information.

(linguistics) any word that occurs in a text more often than normal.


kata majemuk

From compound of kata (“word”) + majemuk (“compound”), from calque of Dutch samengesteld woord (“compound word”) (samengesteld + woord).


bunga majemuk

Compound of bunga (“flower, interest”) + majemuk (“compound”). The sense of compound interest is calque of Dutch samengestelde interest.

compound

compound interest
compound interest#English


kompositum

From Dutch compositum, from Latin compositum.


anakan

Affixed anak (“child”) + -an, from Malay anakan, from Classical Malay انقن (anakan).
* Sense of interest in economics or finance is a semantic loan from Chinese 利子 (“interest”, literally “benefit, profit + child, son”) or Japanese 子(し) (shi, “interest”, literally “child”). Compare to Javanese anakan (ꦲꦤꦏꦤ꧀, “interest”).

ja-r

(botany) tiller: a shoot of a plant which springs from the root or bottom of the original stalk; a sapling; a sucker.


ajektiva

(linguistics, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


ajektif

From Dutch adjectief, from Middle French adjectif, from Latin adiectīvus.

(linguistics, nonstandard) alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


suku bunga

Compound of suku (“part”) + bunga (“interest”).


resolusi

From Malay resolusi, from Dutch resolutie, from Middle Dutch resolucie, from Middle French [Term?], from Latin resolūtiō (“a loosening, solution”), from resolvō (“I loosen”), itself from the intensive prefix re- + solvō (“I loosen”).

der

(sciences) the separation of the constituent parts (of a spectrum etc).


kaki lima

Inherited from Malay kaki lima, from kaki (“foot”) + lima (“five”).

(architecture) arcade: a covered passage, usually with shops on both sides.


pasar modal

Compound of pasar (“market”) + modal (“capital”), calque of Dutch kapitaalmarkt.


bursa saham

From compound of bursa + saham, from partial calque of Dutch effectenbeurs (“stock exchange”).


bursa efek

Compound of bursa (“exchange”) + efek (“security”), literally “security exchange”, calque of Dutch effectenbeurs (“stock exchange”).


pasar gelap

Compound of pasar (“market”) + gelap (“dark”), calque from Chinese 黑市 (literally “dark market”) or calque from Japanese 闇市(やみいち) (yamīchi, literally “dark market”).

ja-r

(business, economics) black market; illicit market; under the counter business.


bahasa standar

head

bahasa standar (plural bahasa-bahasa standar, first-person possessive bahasa standarku, second-person possessive bahasa standarmu, third-person possessive bahasa standarnya)

bahasa-bahasa standar (plural)
bahasa standar ku (first-person possessive)
bahasa standar mu (possessive second-person)
bahasa standar nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + standar (“standard”), partial calque of Dutch standaardtaal (“standard language”).

partial calque

Biasanya pemakai bahasa beranggapan bahwa bahasa standar adalah bahasa yang lebih baik dibanding bahasa non-standar.

Language user generally assumed that standard language is better than non-standard language.

Mutu pers ditentukan oleh penggunaan bahasa standar terbaku, baik, dan benar.

Press quality is defined by usage of most standarised, good and right standard language.

Hal ini karena mereka menjadi tolok ukur keberhasilan pemakaian bahasa standar atau baku.

This is because they are success indicator of standard language usage.

standard language
standard language#English

(sociolinguistics) standard language: high language variety, usually as codified by prescriptive authorities


bahasa nasional

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + nasional (“national”), partial calque of Dutch nationale taal.

compound

(linguistics) national language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.


bahasa negara

bahasa (“language”) + negara (“country, state”).

official language
official language#English

(linguistics) country official language.


paramasastra

From Javanese ꦥꦫꦩꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (paramasastra). See there for further etymology.

(obsolete) Synonym of tata bahasa (“grammar”)


sepilis

(architecture) ceiling: the overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.


pendapatan nasional

Compound of pendapatan (“income, revenue”) + nasional (“national”).


lasik

(medicine) LASIK; corrective eye surgery using a laser to resolve various refractive disorders that would otherwise require the patient to wear glasses


angka penting

Compound angka (“number, digit”) + penting (“important”).

significant digit
significant digit#English

significant figure
significant figure#English

(mathematics) significant digit, significant figure


titik berat

Compound of titik (“point”) + berat (“weight”, noun), literally “weight point”, calque of Dutch zwaartepunt (“centroid”, literally “heaviness point”).


pusat massa

Compound of pusat (“center”) + massa (“mass”), calque of Dutch massacentrum (“centre of mass”).


titik pusat berat

From titik (“point”) + pusat berat (“centre of gravity”), literally “point of the centre of gravity”, likely to emphasize that the centre of gravity is in the form of a point.

compound

(physics) Synonym of pusat berat (“centre of gravity”).


sel batang

From sel (“cell”) + batang (“rod”), literally “rod cell”.


sel kerucut

From sel (“cell”) + kerucut (“cone”, noun), literally “cone cell”.


penanaman modal

Compound of penanaman (“planting”) + modal (“capital”), literally “capital planting”, calque from Chinese 投資／投资 (“invesment”, literally “to put in + resources; capital”).


komposisi

From Dutch compositie, from Middle Dutch composicie, from Middle French composition, from Old French composicion, from Latin compositiō, from componere (“to put together”).

(physics) the compounding of two velocities or forces into a single equivalent velocity or force.


pusat berat

From pusat (“center”) + berat (“weight”), literally “center of weight”.


tabung

From Malay tabung, probably from Semelai tabong (“container”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *[ ]b[oo]ŋ (“feeding-trough”).

der

(geometry) a surface created by projecting a closed two-dimensional curve along an axis intersecting the plane of the curve; a solid figure bounded by a cylinder and two parallel planes intersecting the cylinder.


segitiga

(geometry) A polygon with three sides and three angles; triangle.


persegi panjang

Compound of persegi (“square”) + panjang (“long”), probably calque from Chinese 長方／长方 (“rectangular”, literally “long square”).

zh-l

(geometry) rectangle: a quadrilateral having opposing sides parallel and four right angles.


belah ketupat

(geometry) A parallelogram having all sides of equal length; rhombus.


termometer tembak

Compound of termometer (“thermometer”) + tembak (“to shoot”).

compound

forehead thermometer
forehead thermometer

(medicine, colloquial) forehead thermometer


kelentingan

(physics) elasticity: The property by virtue of which a material deformed under load can regain its original dimensions when unloaded.


elastisitas

From Latinised elastis + -itas which superseded elastisitet, from Dutch elasticiteit, from French élasticité, from Ancient Greek ἐλαστός (elastós, “ductile, flexible”), related to ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to strike, beat out”).

der

(economics) the sensitivity of changes in a quantity with respect to changes in another quantity.

(physics) the property by virtue of which a material deformed under load can regain its original dimensions when unloaded.


berkas

From Malay berkas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀkəs.

(physics) beam (a ray or collection of approximately parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body)


sosialisasi

Affixed sosial + -isasi, from Dutch socialisatie, from French socialisation.

(psychology, sociology) the process of learning how to live in a way acceptable to one's own society, said especially about children.

(economics, government) taking under government control as implementing socialism.


nutfah

From Arabic نُطْفَةٌ (nuṭfatun). Attested before 1950.


hujan es

hujan (“rain”) + es (“ice”), literally “ice rain”


bedah

From Malay bedah, from Javanese ꦧꦼꦝꦃ (bedhah, “broken through, ripped open; to be overcome by force”), from Old Javanese bĕḍah (“to break, to burst”).

der

(surgery) surgery: a procedure involving major incisions to remove, repair, or replace a part of a body.

(surgery) short for ilmu bedah (“surgery (specialisation)”).


laringoskop

(medicine) laryngoscope: an endoscope used for viewing the interior of the larynx..


leher rahim

Compound of leher (“neck”) + rahim (“uterus”), calque of Latin cervix uteri.


jarak fokus

Compound of jarak (“distance”) + fokus (“focus”), literally “focal distance”, calque of Dutch brandpuntsafstand (“focal length”, literally “focus + distance”) and English focal length.


bedeng

From Malay bedeng, from Dutch bedding (literally “bedding”), from Middle Dutch beddinge.

(horticulture) bedding: the temporary planting plants into beds.


telang

(botany) giant clumping bamboos (Gigantochloa).

(botany) Asian pigeonwings, bluebellvine, blue pea, butterfly pea, cordofan pea, or Darwin pea (Clitoria ternatea).


modulasi

From Dutch modulatie, from Middle French modulation, from Latin modulatio.

(physics) the process of applying a signal to a carrier.


titrasi

From Dutch titratie, ultimately from Latin titulus.


gabus

Inherited from Malay gabus (“soft wood from Alstonia scholaris”)

inh+

the dead protective tissue between the bark and cambium in woody plants, with suberin deposits making it impervious to gasses and water

the phellem of the cork oak, used for making bottle stoppers, flotation devices, and insulation material


baut angkur

From baut (“bolt”) + angkur (“anchor”), from English anchor bolt.


piutang usaha

id-noun

piutang usaha (plural piutang-piutang usaha)


utang usaha

Compound of utang (“debt”) + usaha, calque of Dutch handelsschuld (“account payable”, literally “business' debt”).


ayat jurnal penyesuaian

id-noun

ayat jurnal penyesuaian (plural ayat-ayat jurnal penyesuaian)

Compound of ayat (“entry”) + jurnal (“journal”) + penyesuaian (“adjusting”).


jurnal penutup

Compound of jurnal (“journal”) + penutup (“closing”).

(accounting) closing entry: journal entries made at the end of an accounting period to transfer temporary accounts to permanent accounts.


aktiva lancar

Compound of aktiva (“asset”) + lancar (“smooth”), partial calque of Dutch vlottende activa (“current asset”) (see vlotten (“to go smoothly, to make progress, to glide”)).


laporan laba rugi

Compound of laporan (“statement”) + laba (“profit”) + rugi (“loss”), calque from Dutch winst-en-verliesrekening.


kejang

From Malay kejang (“cramp”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəzəŋ (“stiff”).


kongesti

From Dutch congestie, from French congestion, from Latin congestĭō (“heap, accumulation”), from congerō (“to bring together, accumulate, heap up”).

(medicine) blocking up of the capillary and other blood vessels, etc., in any locality or organ (often producing other morbid symptoms); local hypermic, active or passive.

(medicine) an excess of mucus or fluid in the respiratory system; congestion of the lungs, or nasal congestion.


letargi

From Dutch lethargie, from Latin lēthargia, from Ancient Greek ληθαργία (lēthargía, “drowsiness”), from λήθαργος (lḗthargos, “forgetful, lethargic”), from λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetfulness”) + ἀργός (argós, “not working, idle”).

der

(medicine, pathology) a condition characterized by extreme fatigue or drowsiness, or prolonged sleep patterns.


amputasi

From Dutch amputatie, from Middle French amputation, from Latin amputātiō.

(surgery) amputation: surgical removal of all or part of a limb, etc.


toraks

Learned borrowing from Latin thorax, from Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “a breastplate, cuirass, corslet”).

(anatomy, medicine, entomology, arachnology, zoology) thorax.


gajah laut

Compound of gajah (“elephant”) + laut (“sea”), calque of Dutch zeeolifant (“elephant seal”, literally “sea elephant”).

clq

(zoology) elephant seal, member of the genus Mirounga.


anamnesa

(medicine, psychology) alternative spelling of anamnesis


anafilaksis

From English anaphylaxis, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ănă-, “(intensifier) thoroughly”) from ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (ănắ, “to, again, upon”) and φύλαξις (phúlaxis, “protection, watching, guarding”). Compare to Dutch anafylaxie.

der

(pathology) anaphylaxis: Extreme sensitivity to a substance such as a foreign protein or drug; A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, causing a constriction of the trachea, preventing breathing; anaphylactic shock.


respirasi

From Dutch respiratie, from Latin respiratio, respirare.

the process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing, breath.

the process by which cells obtain chemical energy by the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.


gagal ginjal

Compound of gagal (“failure”) + ginjal (“kidney”), calque of Dutch nierfalen (“kidney failure”).


henti jantung

Compound of henti (“stop”) + jantung (“heart”), calque of Dutch hartstilstand (“cardiac arrest”).

(cardiology, emergency medicine, pathology) cardiac arrest.


hipertensi

From Dutch hypertensie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + Latin tensiō (“pressure”). By surface analysis, hiper- + tensi.

hypertension (the disease or disorder of abnormally high blood pressure)


kesehatan masyarakat

Compound of kesehatan (“health”) + masyarakat (“public”), calque of Dutch volksgezondheid (“public health”).


sampel

sampêl (canonical)
sampel-sampel (plural)

From English sample, from Middle English saumple, sample, from Old French essample (“example”), from Latin exemplum.

(statistics) sample: a subset of a population selected for measurement, observation or questioning, to provide statistical information about the population.


rerata

the average of a set of values, calculated by summing them together and dividing by the number of terms; the arithmetic mean.

any function of multiple variables that satisfies certain properties and yields a number representative of its arguments; or, the number so yielded; a measure of central tendency.


rata-rata

(statistics) any measure of central tendency, especially any mean, the median, or the mode.

average:
(mathematics) the arithmetic mean.


keanekaragaman hayati

From keanekaragaman (“diversity”) + hayati (“related to life”).


deviasi standar

Compound of deviasi (“deviation”) + standar (“standard”), calque of Dutch standaarddeviatie (“standard deviation”), from English standard deviation. Coined by English mathematician Karl Pearson in 1894 in his paper "On the dissection of asymmetrical frequency curves".

calque

simpangan baku
simpangan baku#Indonesian

(statistics, somehwat uncommon) synonym of simpangan baku (“standard deviation”)


hipotermi

From Dutch hypothermie, from French hypothermie, from New Latin hypothermia, from Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) + θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) + Latin -ia.

(pathology, nonstandard) alternative form of hipotermia (“hypothermia”).


variansi

From Dutch variantie, ultimately from Latin variantia.

(statistics) variance: the second central moment in probability.


keterangan

kêtêrangan (canonical)
keterangan-keterangan (plural)

Inherited from Malay keterangan, synchronically analysable as terang + ke- -an.


subjek

Borrowed from Dutch subject, from Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”). The pronunciation is influenced by English subject.

der

(grammar) the word or word group about whom a statement is made.


rekam jejak

Compound of rekam + jejak, calque of English track record.


jalan napas

Compound of jalan (“way”) + napas (“breath”), calque of Dutch luchtwegen (“airway”).


rekening koran

Compound of rekening + koran, calque of Dutch rekening-courant (“current account”).

clq

(finance) bank statement: A communication from a bank to a person holding an account in that bank, usually issued monthly, detailing the value of the holdings in that account and the effects of all transactions occurring with respect to that account.


konsentrasi

From Dutch concentratie, from French concentration.

(chemistry) The measure of the amount of solute in a solution.


garis gaya

Compound of garis (“line”) + gaya (“force”), calque of Dutch krachtlijn (“field line”).


kantilever

(engineering, architecture) cantilever: a beam anchored at one end and projecting into space, such as a long bracket projecting from a wall to support a balcony.


roda gila

Compound of roda (“wheel”) + gila (“unusual”).


remanen

From English remanent, from Latin remanens, present participle of remaneō (“I remain”).

(engineering, physics) remanent: remaining or persisting especially after an electrical or magnetic influence is removed.


rotasi

From Dutch rotatie (“rotation”), from Latin rotatio.


akomodasi

From Dutch accommodatie, from French accommodation from Latin accommodātiō (“adjustment, accommodation, compliance”), from accommodō (“adapt, put in order”).

der

(anatomy) the adjustment of the eye to a change of the distance from an observed object.

(anthropology, sociology) the act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.


asimilasi

→ Malay: asimilasi

(linguistics, phonology) a sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.

(biology, nutrition) the metabolic conversion of nutrients into tissue.

(sociology) the adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture.


koersi

From English coercion (regularisation from English -tion into Indonesian -si via Dutch -tie), from Old French cohercion, from Latin coercitiō (“magisterial coercion”), from coercere, past participle coercitus (“to restrain, coerce”), from cum (“with”) + arceō (“to shut in, enclose”).

actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing.

use of physical or moral force to compel a person to do something, or to abstain from doing something, thereby depriving that person of the exercise of free will.


kognisi

From Dutch cognitie, from Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”).

the process of knowing, of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and through the senses.

(sociology) cognition:
a result of a cognitive process.


institusionalisasi

(psychology) the process of committing a person to a facility where their freedom to leave will be restrained, usually a mental hospital.


UKM

(business) Initialism of usaha kecil dan menengah (“small and medium-sized enterprise; SME”).


KTA

kredit tanpa agunan
kredit tanpa agunan#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of kredit tanpa agunan (“non-collateral loan”).


kohabitasi

From Dutch cohabitatie, from French cohabitation, from Latin cohabitationem.

(anthropology, sociology) an emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction.


portofolio

From English portfolio, from Italian portafoglio, from Latin portāre (“to carry”) and folium (“sheet”).

(management, politics) the post and the responsibilities of head of a department.

(business, finance) the group of investments and other assets held by an investor.


joglo

Borrowed from Javanese ꦗꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴ (joglo).

(architecture) joglo: type of traditional vernacular house of the Javanese people.


warna bahasa

Compound of warna (“colour”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of Balinese ᬯᬃᬦᬩᬲ (warna basa, “register”, literally “variety of language”), from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa, “colour”) + भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).

compound

(linguistics) register: a style of a language used in a particular context, which is related to honorific.


rudapaksa

Borrowed from Javanese ꦫꦸꦢꦥꦼꦏ꧀ꦱ (rudapeksa), from Old Javanese rodra (“Rudra-like, violent”) + pakṣa (“intention”), from Sanskrit रौद्र (raudra, “violent, wild”) + पक्ष (pakṣa). Introduced in Sidang Komisi 1952 as translation of Dutch geweld by Prijana.

compound

Cedera kepala sekunder terjadi setelah rudapaksa akan timbul edema serebri, rusaknya blood brain barrier, nekrosis jaringan, hipertermi, dan lain-lain. ―.

(medicine) trauma: any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.


katode

From Dutch kathode, from Ancient Greek κατα- (kata-, “down”) and ὁδός (hodós, “journey, way”), forming the New Greek compound κάθοδος (káthodos, “to go down”).


lintang

Coordinate term: bujur

(astronomy, geography) latitude; parallel


hasil kali

From hasil (“result”) + kali (“multiply”), literally “multiplying result”.


pembagian

pêmbagian (canonical)
pembagian-pembagian (plural)

(mathematics) division (the act of dividing numbers)


perkalian

pêrkalian (canonical)
perkalian-perkalian (plural)

Affixed of kali (“times”) + per- -an. Coined after independence, being cited for example in Poerwadarminta (1976) of which the first edition appeared in 1953, though not yet in Zain (1957).


keliling

From Malay keliling, from Classical Malay keliling, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuliliŋ (“round about, around, in one’s surroundings; go around”).


amanat

From Malay amanat, from Classical Malay امانت (amanat), from Classical Persian امانت (amānat), from Arabic أَمَانَة (ʔamāna). Doublet of amanah.

amanat anggaran

(communication, linguistics) a communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed.


pembalut

(medicine) Material applied to a wound for protection or therapy; dressing.


waralaba

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese wara (“gift”) + lābha (“profit”), intended translated as extra or special profit. Coined by Lembaga Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen for translation of franchise.

coinage

(business) The authorization granted by a company to sell or distribute its goods or services in a certain area.

(business) A business operating under such authorization, a franchisee.


ilmu bedah

Compound of ilmu + bedah, calque of Dutch heelkunde.

(surgery) surgery: the medical specialty related to the performance of surgical procedures.


penyakit dalam

Compound of penyakit (“disease”) + dalam (“inside”).

internal medicine
internal medicine#English


ansietas

ansiétas (canonical)
ansietas-ansietas (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin anxietas (“anxiety, carefulness”).


gawat darurat

Compound of gawat (“critical”) + darurat (“emergency”)

compound

(medicine) medical conditions which are critically ill and requires resuscitation after the triage process is done, labelled P1.


gawat tidak darurat

Compound of gawat (“urgent, threatened”) + tidak darurat (“not emergency”).

(medicine) medical condition which are non-life-threatening, but urgently require treatment, as triage assessment, labelled P2.


tidak gawat tidak darurat

Compound of tidak gawat (“not urgent”) + tidak darurat (“not an emergency”).

(medicine) non-emergency medical conditions which require a doctor's care in several hours or days but not immediately as triage assessment, labelled P3.


triase

(medicine) the process of sorting patients so as to determine the order in which they will be treated (for example, by assigning precedence according to the urgency of illness or injury).


asta sari

(architecture) Standard spelling of astasari.


wantilan

From Balinese ᬯᬦ᭄ᬢᬶᬮᬦ᭄ (wantilan, “roofed platform”).

bor

(architecture) a roofed platform, usually used for public meetings


tujuan

Affixed tuju + -an, from Malay tujuan. Semantic loan from Dutch oogmerk (“aim, goal”) in law terms.


psikiatri

From Dutch psychiatrie, from French psychiatrie, from Medieval Latin psychiatria.


ULN

utang luar negeri
utang luar negeri#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of utang luar negeri (“foreign debt”).


SDM

sumber daya manusia
sumber daya manusia#Indonesian

(management, human resources) Initialism of sumber daya manusia.


UMKM

(business) Initialism of usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (“micro, small, or medium-sized enterprise; MSME”).


tahun anggaran

Compound of tahun + anggaran, from calque of English budget year.

Sebagai tjara-tjara oentoek meperbanjak hasil bahan makanan teristimewa pada tahoen anggaran 2604, pertama direntjanakan menegoehkan dengan teratoer rapi tjara soesoenannja ditempatkan pemimpin Indonesia, jang dahoeloe hanja satoe orang dalam tiap Son, sekarang satoe orang dalam tiap-tiap Ku

As a way to increase the production of special food materials in the fiscal year of 2604, it was first planned to ensure a neat and orderly way of placing the Indonesian leaders, previously only one person in each Son, but now one person in each Ku.

(finance) budget year, fiscal year, or financial year.


diversifikasi

From Dutch diversificatie, from Medieval Latin diversificatiō, from diversificātus, past participle of diversificō (“diversify”), from Latin diversus (“turned in different ways”) + faciō (“make, do”).

der

(business) a corporate strategy in which a company acquires or establishes a business other than that of its current product.

(finance) an investment strategy involving investing in a range of assets with differing features in order to reduce specific risk.


voltase

From Dutch voltage, from French voltage.

potential difference
potential difference#English

(electricity) potential difference, voltage.


impedansi

From Dutch impedantie (“impedance”). Doublet of impedans.


impedans

From English impedance. Doublet of impedansi.


induksi

From Dutch inductie (“induction”), from Middle Dutch inductie, from Middle French induction indirectly or Latin inductiō.

(logic) derivation of general principles from specific instances.

(mathematics) a method of proof of a theorem by first proving it for a specific case (often an integer; usually 0 or 1) and showing that, if it is true for one case then it must be true for the next.

(physics) generation of an electric current by a varying magnetic field.

induksi persalinan
induksi persalinan#Indonesian

(obstetrics) short for induksi persalinan (“labor induction”).


andongan

(electricity) sag: vertical difference in level between the straight line joining the points of consecutive supports and the lowest point of the conductor


tarif dasar listrik

id-noun

tarif dasar listrik (plural tarif-tarif dasar listrik)

Compound of tarif dasar (“basic rate”) + listrik (“electricity”), literally “electricity basic rate”


gangguan

Affixed ganggu (“to disturb”) + -an, calque of Dutch stoornis.


tanda daftar perusahaan

tanda daftar (“register”) + perusahaan (“company”)


tarif premi

Compound of tarif (“fee, rate”) + premi (“premium”).


penanaman modal asing

penanaman modal (“investment”) + asing (“foreign”), literally “foreign investment”, calque of English foreign investment.

com

foreign direct investment
foreign direct investment

(finance, economics) foreign investment; foreign direct investment


insersi

From Dutch insertie, from Latin īnsertiō.

(anatomy) the distal end of attachment of a muscle to a bone that will be moved by the muscle.

(genetics) the addition of a nucleotide to a chromosome by mutation.


kontraksi

From Dutch contractie, from Middle French contraction, from Old French contraction, from Latin contractiō.

(physiology) a shortening of a muscle during its use.

(obstetrics) a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth.

(surgery) a distinct stage of wound healing, wherein the wound edges are gradually pulled together.

(linguistics) a process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are lost or reduced, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word.


pembukuan

pêmbukuan (canonical)
pembukuan-pembukuan (plural)

Affixed buku + peng- -an, semantic loan from Dutch boekhouding.

(accounting) bookkeeping: the skill or practice of keeping books or systematic records of financial transactions, e.g. income and expenses.

(accounting) posting: an item inserted into a register, ledger or diary.


beruang madu

Compound of beruang (“bear”) + madu (“honey”).


koligatif

From Dutch colligatief, from English colligative.


tenaga kerja

Compound of tenaga (“energy”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch arbeidskracht (“worker, labour”, literally “workforce”).

clq

tenaga kerja tak terdidik dan tak terlatih

(demography) the total population of a country or region that is employed or employable.


prekursor

Borrowed from Dutch precursor (“precursor; forerunner”), from Latin praecursor.

bor+

(biology) a cell or tissue that gives rise to a variant, specialized, or more mature form.

(chemistry) one of the compounds that participates in the chemical reaction that produces another compound.


geosentrik

(astronomy) geocentric: having the Earth at the center.


batubara

(mining) alternative spelling of batu bara (“coal”).


pelengkap

(linguistics) a word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object.


komplemen

From Dutch complement, from Latin complementum (“that which fills up or completes”), from compleō (“I fill up, I complete”).


elemen

From Dutch element, from Middle Dutch element, from Old French element, from Latin elementum (“a first principle, element, rudiment”), of uncertain origin (see further etymology there).

element: one of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.

(chemistry) any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.

(set theory) One of the objects in a set.

(physics) element: a component in electrical equipment, often in the form of a coil, having a high resistance, thereby generating heat when a current is passed through it.


labirin

From Dutch labyrint, from Latin labyrinthus, from Ancient Greek λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “maze”).

(anatomy) a tortuous anatomical structure.

labyrinth:
a tortuous anatomical structure.


menambang

(cryptocurrencies) To earn new units of cryptocurrency by doing certain calculations.


termoplastik

thermosoftening plastic
thermosoftening plastic

(chemistry) thermoplastic, thermosoftening plastic


konsorsium

From English consortium, from Latin consortium, from consors, consortis.

(business) an association or combination of businesses, financial institutions, or investors, for the purpose of engaging in a joint venture.


TPAK

angkatan kerja
angkatan kerja#Indonesian

(statistics) Initialism of tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja (“labor force participation rate”).


TPT

pengangguran terbuka
pengangguran terbuka#Indonesian

(statistics) Initialism of tingkat pengangguran terbuka (“open unemployment rate”).


arkus

Learned borrowing from Latin arcus (“bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷo- (“bow, arrow”). Doublet of arku.


anggaran pendapatan dan belanja

Compound of anggaran (“budget”) + pendapatan (“revenue”) + dan + belanja (“expenditure”).

compound

(finance, government) revenue and expenditure budget.


KPA

kredit pemilikan apartemen
kredit pemilikan apartemen#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of kredit pemilikan apartemen.


penghambat

pênghambat (canonical)
penghambat-penghambat (plural)

(physics) resistor: an electric component that transmits current in direct proportion to the voltage across it.

(Standard Malay)

(biology, chemistry) inhibitor: any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction or biological process.


penghambat pompa proton

proton pump inhibitor
proton pump inhibitor


orang ketiga

Compound of orang (literally “party”) + ketiga (“third”).
# For grammar and linguistics senses, calque of Dutch derde persoon (“third person”).
# For sense of other man and other woman, probably calque from Chinese 第三者 (dìsānzhě, “the other man, the other women”, literally “third party”).


batuk darah

Compound of batuk + darah, inherited from Malay batuk darah.

(pathology) hemoptysis, haemoptysis: expectoration (coughing up) of blood from the respiratory system.


batuk rejan

(pathology) whooping cough, 100-day cough, pertussis.


topikal

(medicine) topical: applied externally (to the surface of the skin or eye) medication.


moneter

From Dutch monetair, from French monétaire, from Late Latin monētārius (“pertaining to money”), from Latin monētārius (“of a mint”), from monēta (“mint, coinage”).


variasi

From Dutch variatie, from Middle French variation, from Old French variacion, from Latin variātiō.
* Semantic loan from English variation.

(genetics) the modification of a hereditary trait.

variation:
the modification of a hereditary trait.

(linguistics) a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing.


harmonik

(mathematics, physics) harmonic: used to characterize various mathematical entities or relationships supposed to bear some resemblance to musical consonance.


harmonik

(physics) a component frequency of the signal of a wave that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency.

(mathematics) one of a class of functions that enter into the development of the potential of a nearly spherical mass due to its attraction.


aspek

From Dutch aspect. Cognate of Afrikaans aspek.

(grammar) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding.


abses

From Dutch abces, from Latin abscessus (“a going away; gathering of humors, abscess”), from abscēdō (“go away, depart”), from abs (“away from”) + cēdō (“go”).

(pathology) abscess: a cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue.


jerawat

[d͡ʒə.ˈrä.wät̪̚]

(dermatology, pathology) acne: a skin condition, usually of the face, that is common in adolescents. It is characterised by red pimples, and is caused by the inflammation of sebaceous glands through bacterial infection.


dapatan

From Malay dapatan (“income”). Equivalent to dapat + -an.

(pathology) acquired: developed after birth; not congenital.


akuisita

Learned borrowing from Latin acquīsīta, acquīsītus (“acquired”).


asites

From Dutch ascites, from Latin ascītēs, from Ancient Greek ἀσκίτης (askítēs), from ἀσκός (askós, “wineskin”).

(pathology) ascites: an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.


buah dada

Compound of buah (“fruit”) + dada (“chest, thorax”)

(anatomy) breast: Either or both of the two organs on the front of a female human's chest, which contain the mammary glands.


ilusi

From Dutch illusie, from French illusion, from Old French illusion, from Latin illūsiō, from illūdere, from in- (“at, upon”) + lūdere (“to play, mock, trick”).

(psychology, psychiatry) distortion of the senses, which can reveal how the human brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation


ventilasi

From Dutch ventilatie, from Middle French ventilation, from Old French ventilacion, from Late Latin ventilatio, from Latin ventilo.

(architecture) the mechanical system used to circulate and replace air.

(medicine, pulmonology, physiology) the bodily process of breathing; the inhalation of air to provide oxygen, and the exhalation of spent air to remove carbon dioxide.


referensi

ré‧fê‧rèn‧si

From Dutch referentie, from French référence, presumably from Old French referer (14th century), anyway from Latin referre "to relate, refer", literally "to carry back", itself from re- "back" + ferre "to carry, bring".

(semantics) a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object.


penghantar

pênghantar (canonical)
penghantar-penghantar (plural)

Affixed peng- + hantar. Doublet of pengantar.

(physics) conductor: something that can transmit electricity, heat, light or sound.


akuifer

From Dutch aquifer, from Latin aqua (“water”) + ferō (“I bring”).

(geology) aquifer: an underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth, or gravel.


diksi

From Dutch dictie, from Middle French diction, from Latin dictiō.

(linguistics) diction: choice and use of words, especially with regard to effective communication.


manajemen

Internationalism, from English management.

(Standard Malay)

(management) administration; the use of limited resources combined with forecasting, planning, leadership and execution skills to achieve predetermined specific goals.

(management) the executives of an organisation, especially senior executives.

(medicine) method to treat a disease or condition

management:
method to treat a disease or condition


pencakar langit

id-noun

pencakar langit (plural pencakar-pencakar langit)

→ Malay: pencakar langit

Compound of pencakar (“scratcher”) + langit (“sky”), coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono, calque of English skyscraper.

coinage

(architecture) skyscraper, a very tall building with a large number of floors.


pengusaha kena pajak

pengusaha (“entrepreneur”) + kena pajak (“taxable”)

compound

(taxation) taxable entrepreneur for VAT purpose


penghasilan kena pajak

Compound of penghasilan (“income”) + kena pajak (“taxable”), a calque of English taxable income.

com+

(taxation) taxable income (the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax)


wajib pajak

Compound of wajib (“oblige; shall”) + pajak (“tax”). Replaced Dutch belastingplichtig (“taxpayer”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

(taxation) taxpayer: a person who is subject to, liable for, or pays tax as opposed to a nontaxpayer who is neither the subject nor the object of revenue laws.


translasi

From Dutch translatie, from Latin trānslātiō (“transfer”).

(mathematics, physics) a motion or compulsion to motion in a straight line without rotation or other deformation.

(geometry) a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure or a space by the same distance in a given direction.

(genetics) the process whereby a strand of mRNA directs assembly of amino acids into proteins within a ribosome.


ketuban pecah dini

Compound of ketuban (“amniotic fluid”) + pecah (“rupture”) + dini (“early”).

com

(pathology, obstetrics) premature rupture of the membranes: breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor.


sereal

From English cereal, from French céréale (“having to do with cereal”), from Latin Cerealis (“of or relating to Ceres”), from Ceres (“Roman goddess of agriculture”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“grow”).

der

(sciences) a type of grass (such as wheat, rice or oats) cultivated for its edible grains; the grains of such a grass.


serangan

(pathology) the sudden onset of a disease or condition; an active episode of a chronic or recurrent disease.


kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi

[kəd͡ʒaˈdian ˈikʊtan ˈpast͡ʃa imuniˈsasi]

Compound of kejadian + ikutan + pasca + imunisasi.

(medicine) Alternative spelling of kejadian ikutan pascaimunisasi


KIPI

(medicine) Acronym of kejadian ikutan pascaimunisasi (“adverse event following immunization”).


linguistik

From Dutch linguïstiek, from linguïst + -iek.

linguistics (the systematic and scholarly study of language)


linguistik

Of or relating to language or linguistics.

linguistic
Relating to a computer language.


produksi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch productie, from French production, from Latin prōductiō, prōductiōnem (“a lengthening, prolonging”). Equivalent to produk + -si.

production (the act of producing, making or creating something)


valuasi

From Dutch valuatie, from Middle French valuation, noun of action from valuer, from Old French valoir, from Latin valēre.

(finance) valuation: an estimation of something's worth; the process of estimating the value of a financial asset or liability.


varisela

Learned borrowing from New Latin varicella, diminutive of variola (“pox”).

lbor

(pathology) varicella, chicken pox: a common childhood disease caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), Human alphaherpesvirus 3 (HHV-3).


cacar air

Compound of cacar (“pox”) + air (“water”), calque from Chinese 水痘 (“chicken pox”, literally “water + small pox”).


cacar

Inherited from Malay cacar, from Hindi चेचक (cecak).

(pathology) variola, smallpox: An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.


skrining

(medicine) a method to identify a disease in a population which is not showing any symptoms of this disease.


akar pangkat dua

id-noun

akar pangkat dua (plural akar-akar pangkat dua)

Compound of akar (“root”) + pangkat (“power”) + dua (“two”), calque of Dutch tweedemachtswortel (“square root”).


teknik elektro

Compound of teknik (“engineering”) + elektro, calque of Dutch elektrotechniek (“electrical engineering”).

clq

electrical engineering
electrical engineering#English

(engineering) electrical engineering: the branch of engineering that deals with the technology of electricity, especially the design and application of circuitry and equipment for power generation and distribution, machine control, and communications.


kuotasi

(trading) quotation: a price that has been quoted for buying or selling; the act of setting a price.


nilai tukar

Compound of nilai (“mark”) + tukar (“exchange”), calque of Dutch wisselkoers (“exchange rate”).


kurtase

From Dutch courtage, from French courtage.

(trading) commission: a fee charged by an agent or broker for carrying out a transaction.


neraca perdagangan

Compound of neraca (“balance”) + perdagangan (“trade”), calque of Dutch handelsbalans.

com

(trading) balance of trade, trade balance, commercial balance: the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time.


neraca ekspor-impor

Compound of neraca (“balance”) + ekspor (“export”) + impor (“import”).

neraca perdagangan
neraca perdagangan#Indonesian


neraca pembayaran

Compound of neraca (“balance”) + pembayaran (“payment”), calque of Dutch betalingsbalans.

(trading) balance of payments: a measure of all flows of money into and out of a country including payments for goods and services and capital flows.


lembaran neraca

id-noun

lembaran neraca (plural lembaran-lembaran neraca)

Compound of lembaran (“sheet”) + neraca (“balance”), calque of English balance sheet


ganti rugi

Compound of ganti + rugi (“loss”), literally “loss compensation”, calque from Chinese 賠償／赔偿 (péicháng).

com

(insurance) a principle of insurance which provides that when a loss occurs, the insured should be restored to the approximate financial condition occupied before the loss occurred, no better, no worse.


produsen

From Dutch producent, from Latin producens.

(economics) producer: an individual or organization that creates goods and services.


kebal

From Malay kebal. Cognate of Minangkabau kaba.

(immunology) protected by inoculation, or due to innate resistance to pathogens


kekosongan

kêkosongan (canonical)
kekosongan-kekosongan (plural)

(physics) a defect in a crystal caused by the absence of an atom in a lattice.


hak memesan efek terlebih dahulu

Compound of hak (“right”) + memesan (“to order”) + efek (“security”) + terlebih dahulu (“foremost”), literally “right to order securities before anyone else”. Compare to Japanese 新株予約権(しんかぶよやくけん) (shinkabu yoyaku-ken, “new share promissory right”).


buah keras bersayap

(botany) An indehiscent, one-seeded fruit furnished with a wing, such as the fruit of the ash and maple; a key; a samara.


buah keras

buah (“fruit”) + keras (“hard”), literally “hard fruit”

com

(botany) A fruit with a hard shell or rind; a nux


buah kurung

buah (“fruit”) + kurung, literally “confined fruit”

(botany) A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup: achene.


buah bumbung

(botany) A type of primitive dry fruit produced by certain flowering plants: follicle.


genesa

From Dutch genese (“genesis”), from Latin genesis, from Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source, beginning, nativity, generation, production, creation”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth, production”), from *ǵenh₁-.

der

Genesa batubara.


genesa bahan galian

genesa + bahan galian, calque of English mineral genesis


bahan galian

bahan (“material”) + galian, calque of Dutch [Term?]


plasma konvalesen

plasma (“plasma”) + konvalesen (“convalescent”), calque of English convalescent plasma


kejadian ikutan pascaimunisasi

kejadian (“event”) + ikutan (“following”) + pascaimunisasi (“post-immunisation”), literally “events following post-immunisation”.

(medicine) adverse event following immunization: any untoward medical occurrence which follows immunization and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine.


Jauza

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْجَوْزَاء (al-jawzāʔ).

bor+

اَلْجَوْزَاء


tahanan jenis

id-noun

tahanan jenis (plural tahanan-tahanan jenis)

(electricity) resistivity, the resistance offered at a particular temperature by an electrical conductor of any given material in a cube of unit length, expressed in ohm-metres (Ωm) in the metric system of measurement.


hambatan

hambatan listrik
hambatan listrik#Indonesian

(electricity) synonym of hambatan listrik

(mechanics) drag: resistance of a fluid to something moving through it.

(biochemistry, rare) inhibition: the process of stopping or retarding a reaction.


hambatan listrik

hambatan listrik (plural hambatan-hambatan listrik)

hambatan (“resistance”) + listrik (“electric”), calque of English electrical resistance.

com

electrical resistance
electrical resistance

(electricity) electrical resistance: the opposition offered by an electrical conductor to the flow of a current through itself, resulting in a conversion of electrical energy into heat and radiation. The SI derived unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω). Symbol: R.


imunisasi

From Dutch immunitatie, from French immunisation.

(medicine) the process by which an individual is safely exposed in a controlled manner to a material that is designed to prime their immune system against that material.

(immunology) process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).


radang

radang (root)
meradang (active)
teradang (active involuntary)
diradang (active involuntary passive)
radang (active)
radanglah (active)
meradangi (active locative)
teradangi (involuntary locative)
diradangi (involuntary locative passive)
radangi (locative)
radangilah (locative)
meradangkan (active applicative causative)
teradangkan (applicative causative)
diradangkan (applicative causative passive)
radangkan (applicative causative)
radangkanlah (applicative causative)
memperradang (active causative)
terperradang (active causative involuntary)
diperradang (active causative involuntary passive)
perradang (active causative)
perradanglah (active causative)
memperradangi (active causative locative)
terperradangi (causative involuntary locative)
diperradangi (causative involuntary locative passive)
perradangi (causative locative)
perradangilah (causative locative)
memperradangkan (active applicative causative)
terperradangkan (applicative causative)
diperradangkan (applicative causative passive)
perradangkan (applicative causative)
perradangkanlah (applicative causative)


konduksi

→ Malay: konduksi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch conductie, from Latin conductio, conductionem (“a bringing together”).

der

(physics, thermodynamics) conduction: The conveying of heat or electricity through material.


RAB

(accounting) Initialism of rencana anggaran belanja (“budget estimate plan”).


usus besar

Compound of usus (“intestine”) + besar (“large”).

(anatomy) large intestine, large bowel: the second to last part of the digestive system, comprising the cecum, colon and rectum.


sekum

Learned borrowing from Latin caecum (“caecum”, literally “invisible, hidden”).


surat ketetapan pajak

surat (“document”) + ketetapan (“determination”) + pajak (“tax”), literally “document of tax determination”


surat paksa

surat (“document”) + paksa (“to force”), literally “document to force something”


surat pemberitahuan

surat (“document”) + pemberitahuan (“notice”), literally “notice document”.
* Replaced Dutch aangiftebiljet (“tax return”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


asam lemak

Compound of asam (“acid”) + lemak (“fat”), calque of Dutch vetzuur (“fatty acid”).


bilangan pokok

Compound of bilangan (“number”) + pokok (“primary”).

(mathematics) cardinal number, counting number, cardinal: A number used to denote quantity.


ketombe

(dermatology) dandruff: Scaly white dead skin flakes from the human scalp; Pityriasis capitis.


alopesia

Learned borrowing from Latin alopecia, from Ancient Greek ἀλωπεκία (alōpekía, “fox-mange”), from ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx, “fox”) + -ία, -εια (-ía, -eia, “a formative ending used in Ancient Greek, especially used in naming diseases”).

der

(dermatology, pathology) loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers, which either happens naturally or is caused by disease.


JKP

(taxation) Initialism of jasa kena pajak (“taxable service”).


BKP

(taxation) Initialism of barang kena pajak (“taxable good(s)”).


pemberitahuan impor barang

pemberitahuan (“notice”) + impor (“import”) + barang (“good”), literally “notice to import good(s)”


surat setoran pajak

surat (“document”) + setoran (“deposit”) + pajak (“tax”), literally “document of deposited tax”


surat perintah pencairan dana

surat perintah + pencairan (“disbursement”) + dana (“fund”)


resesi

Affixed reses + -si, from Dutch recessie, from Latin recessus (“a going back, retreat”), from recessum, the past participle of recedere (“to recede”), from re- (“back”) + cedere (“to go”).

der

(economics) recession: period of reduced economic activity.


rekayasa sosial

id-noun

rekayasa sosial (plural rekayasa-rekayasa sosial)

Compound of rekayasa (“engineering”) + sosial (“social”), coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono, calque of English social engineering. Replaced permesinan sosial.

coinage

(sociology, political science) social engineering


bahasa tonal

Compound of bahasa + *tonal, calque of English tonal language.

(linguistics) tonal language: languages which use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels


BBLR

(obstetrics) initialism of berat badan lahir rendah (“low birth weight: birth weight of an infant of 2,499 g (5 lb 8.1 oz) or less, regardless of gestational age”).


halusinasi

From Dutch hallucinatie, from French hallucination, from Latin hallucinātiō.

(psychology, psychiatry) hallucination: a sensory perception of something that does not exist.


BSNP

(business) Initialism of Badan Nasional Sertifikasi Profesi (“National Professional Certification Agency”).


bunga mengambang

Compound of bunga (“interest; rate”, literally “flower”) + mengambang (“floating”).

com

(economics) floating rate: an rate, usually interest or exchange values,that moves up and down with the rest of the market or along with an index - sometimes called a variable interest rate because it can vary over the duration of the term.


bunga tetap

Compound of bunga (“interest; rate”, literally “flower”) + tetap (“fixed”).


cacar api

Compound of cacar (“variola, smallpox”) + api (“fire”), named after burning pain of neuropathic pain in herpes zoster.


cacar ular

Compound of cacar (“variola, smallpox”) + ular (“snake”), named after dermatomal distribution of skin change in herpes zoster.


cek cacat

Compound of cek (“cheque”) + cacat (“defect”).


demonetisasi

From Dutch demonetisatie, from French démonétisation.

(economics) demonetization: the act or process of demonetizing.