cat

paint (a substance that is applied as a liquid or paste, and dries into a solid coating that protects or adds color/colour to an object or surface to which it has been applied)


barter

id-noun

barter (countable and uncountable, plural barter-barter)

barter (the goods or services used in such an exchange)


abdomen

From Dutch abdomen, from Middle French abdomen, from Latin abdōmen.

(entomology) abdomen (the posterior section of an arthropod's body)


abdominal

(ichthyology) abdominal (having abdominal fins)


ablaut

From English ablaut, from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”).

ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)


abomasum

Learned borrowing from New Latin abomāsum

lbor

abomasum (the fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant)


absis

(geometry, surveying) the first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes.

(geometry, surveying) the horizontal line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the abscissa (sense above) is shown.


abstain

(formal, rare, medicine) to abstain (to fast, diet)


bank

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch bank (“bank”). Doublet of bangku.

ubor

Bank Internasional untuk Pemulihan dan Pembangunan

Bank Internasional untuk Rekonstruksi dan Pembangunan

(banking, finance) an institution where one can place and borrow money and take care of financial affairs.


digital

From Dutch digitaal, from Latin digitālis or Middle French digital, itself from Latin.

(surveying) Property of representing values as discrete, often binary, numbers rather than a continuous spectrum.


SIM

(management) Acronym of sistem informasi manajemen.


gas

From Dutch gas (“gas”), a term coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont. Perhaps inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”) or by chaos (“chaos”), from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void”).

der

(chemistry, physics) Matter in a state intermediate between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid (or in a bubble of liquid) (or held together by gravitational pull); it can condense into a liquid, or can (rarely) become a solid directly.


Australia

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)

Rey menjalankan SMA-nya di Australia.


yeti

From Tibetan གཡའ་དྲེད (g.ya' dred, “rock bear”), compound of གཡའ (g.ya', “rocky or rocky place”) and དྲེད (dred, “bear”).

(cryptozoology) yeti (an unidentified humanoid animal said to live in the Himalayas)


Taiwan

The modern form may possibly be from English Taiwan or way older form reminiscent of Dutch Tayouan, from possibly Siraya. Recorded historically in Dutch as Tayouan (and other variants), and in Hokkien 大員 /大员 (Tāi-oân) (and other variants). The term initially referred to a sandbank peninsula that later silted up now wholly part of the island in the area of modern-day Anping District, Tainan, and eventually became the name of the entire island.

(astronomy) 2169 Taiwan, a main belt asteroid.

Taiwan
2169 Taiwan, a main belt asteroid.


trapezoid

trapezoid (a convex quadrilateral with no sides parallel)


air

Inherited from Malay air, from Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

(colloquial) a cockfight round, which begins by spraying water at the cock


son

(agriculture) harvested young garlic at the age of 70 days after planting


anterior

Learned borrowing from Latin anterior, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros.


pen

From Dutch pen, from Latin penna (“feather, pen”). Doublet of pena.

(medicine) pin, metal used to fasten or as a bearing.


SE

sertifikat ekspor
sertifikat ekspor#Indonesian

(business) Initialism of sertifikat ekspor (“export certificate”).


ban

From Dutch band, from Middle Dutch bant.
* The sense “band” is a semantic loan from English band.

(physics) band (a part of the electromagnetic spectrum)


barak

From Dutch barak, from French baraque, from Spanish barraca, from Catalan barraca, diminutive of barra (“clay, mud”), from Vulgar Latin *barrum, probably ultimately from Celtiberian.


AB

anggaran belanja
anggaran belanja#Indonesian

(finance, government, management) Initialism of anggaran belanja.

administrasi bisnis
administrasi bisnis#Indonesian

(business, management) Initialism of administrasi bisnis.

(hematology) AB: A blood type of the ABO system that has both blood antigens and may receive all blood types, and donate to AB.


SI

Sistem Internasional
w:id:Sistem Internasional

(physics) Initialism of Sistem Internasional (“International System of Units”).


TA

tahun anggaran
tahun anggaran#Indonesian


bel

From English bel, after Alexander Graham Bell.

(physics) bel, a measure of relative power, defined as log₁₀(P ₁/P ₂), where P₁ and P₂ are the measured and reference power respectively.


slang

(linguistics) slang, unconventional language.


kara

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫ (kara), from Old Javanese kara.

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

(botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus.


lingua franca

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lingua franca.

ubor

bahasa perantara
bahasa perantara#Indonesian

(linguistics) Synonym of bahasa perantara


perak

id-noun

perak (countable and uncountable, plural perak-perak)

Inherited from Malay perak, from earlier pirak. See there for further etymology.


buku

From Malay buku, from Proto-Malayic *buku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh. Doublet of wuku.


kali

From Malay kali, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”). Doublet of kala.

Dua kali tiga sama dengan enam.


sungai

Inherited from Malay sungai, from Proto-Malayic *suŋay.

river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass)


tak

motor dua tak

(engineering) stroke, cycle, phase; a single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; also, the length of this movement.


unit

(mathematics) oneness, singularity, seen as a component of a whole number; a magnitude of one.

(sciences) a standard measure of a quantity.


dada

Inherited from Malay dada, from Proto-Malayic *dada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahdah, from Proto-Austronesian *daSdaS.

(anatomy) chest: the portion of the front of the human body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen; the thorax. Also the analogous area in other animals.

(anatomy) chest cavity, thoracic cavity.


mama

Learned borrowing from Latin mamma, from Ancient Greek μάμμη (mámmē).

(medicine) breast, udder: The milk-secreting organ of female humans and other mammals which includes the mammary gland and the nipple or teat.

(meteorology) An accessory cloud like a mammary in appearance, which can form on the underside of most cloud genera.


got

From Dutch goot (“gutter”), from Middle Dutch gōte, from Old Dutch *gota, from Proto-Germanic *gutō.

gutter (a prepared channel in a surface, especially at the side of a road adjacent to a curb, intended for the drainage of water)


ideal

From Dutch ideaal, from French idéal, from Medieval Latin ideālis.

(mathematics) ideal: a subring closed under multiplication by its containing ring.


verbal

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verbālis. Doublet of perbal.

(linguistics) verbal (pertaining to verbs)


arid

From English arid, from either French aride or directly from Latin āridus (“dry, arid, parched”).


basis

From Dutch basis, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basa.

(mathematics) in a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space.

(geometry) the lowest side of a in a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.


UK

uji kompetensi
uji kompetensi#Indonesian

(education, management) Initialism of uji kompetensi.


plasma

From Dutch plasma, from Latin plasma, from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma).

(physics) a state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.

(medicine, hematology) blood plasma, free of suspended cells, used in transfusions.

(agriculture) farmers (planters) who are part of the agricultural business system (plantation) who are in charge of carrying out the production process and supplying their products to the factory (which acts as the nucleus), while the production costs and facilities are provided by the factory.


pos

From Dutch post (“post”), from Middle French poste, from Italian posta, posto, from Latin postus, from positus. Cognate to Malay pos.


sal

From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala, from Proto-West Germanic *sali, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate of Afrikaans saal (“hall, large room”).


organ

From Dutch orgaan, from Middle Dutch organe, from Latin organum, from Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon).

(biology) a larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.


analog

From Dutch analoog, from French analogue or German analog, from Latin analogus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάλογος (análogos).

(sciences, surveying) analogue, analog: in which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).


analog

(chemistry) analog: a structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties.


laissez faire

Unadapted borrowing from French leave it be (literally “let do”).


mare

Learned borrowing from Latin mare (“sea”).

learned borrowing

(planetology) mare (a large, dark plain, which may have the appearance of a sea, such as those on the Moon)


harem

From Ottoman Turkish حرم (harem) (Modern Turkish harem), from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram, “something prohibited; sanctuary, women”); and later also from حَرِيم (ḥarīm) with same meaning, both from حَرُمَ (ḥaruma, “be forbidden or unlawful”). Doublet of haram.

der

(biology) a group of female animals (cows) herded and controlled by a male animal (bull) of that species for breeding purposes; such behaviour is exhibited by bovids including cattle and buffalo as well as moose, elephants, seals, sea lions, baboons, and elephant seals.

(biology) a group of female birds mated to or associated with a breeding male.


asteroid

astéroid (canonical)
asteroid-asteroid (plural)


hem

(biochemistry) heme: the component of hemoglobin (and other hemoproteins) responsible for binding oxygen.


instrumental

Borrowed from Dutch instrumentaal, from French instrumental, from Medieval Latin īnstrūmentālis.

(linguistics) applied to a case expressing means or agency.


masker

maskêr (canonical)
masker-masker (plural)

From Dutch masker, from Middle French masque (“a covering to hide or protect the face”), from Italian maschera (“mask, disguise”), from (a byform of, see it for more) Medieval Latin masca, mascha.

mask, a cover, or partial cover, for the face


kernel

Borrowed from English kernel, from Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le.

(botany, agriculture) the stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums. (of oil palm)


kata

From Malay kata, from Pali kathā, from Sanskrit कथा (kathā, “speech; story”).

(linguistics) word: (the smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language)


darah

id-noun

darah (countable and uncountable, plural darah-darah)

From Malay darah, from Proto-Malayic *darah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

(uncountable) blood (vital liquid flowing in human and animal bodies)

(figurative) blood (family relationship due to birth, e.g. between siblings)


EKG

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiogram.

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiograf.

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiografi.


EEG

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalogram (“electroencephalogram”).

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalograf (“electroencephalograph”).

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalografi (“electroencephalography”).


ADP

adenosina difosfat
adenosina difosfat#Indonesian

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

(biochemistry) Initialism of adenosina difosfat (“adenosine diphosphate”).


void

(architecture) void: An empty space between floors or walls, including false separations and planned gaps between a building and its facade.


delta

(geography) A landform at the mouth of a river where it empties into a body of water.


genus

Borrowed from Dutch genus, from Latin genus. Doublet of gender, genre, and jenis.

(biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species.


petroleum

petroleum (canonical)
pétroléum (canonical)

From Dutch petroleum, from Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).


atom

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch atoom (“atom”), from French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).

(chemistry, nuclear physics) atom, the smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.


argon

From Dutch argon, from English argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


generator

génêrator (canonical)
generator-generator (plural)

From Dutch generator, from Latin generātor, genero (“beget, father”).


pilot

Internationalism, borrowed from English pilot, from Middle French pilot, pillot, from Italian pilota, piloto, older also pedotta, pedot(t)o (the form in pil- is probably influenced by pileggiare (“to sail, navigate”)); ultimately from unattested Byzantine Greek *πηδώτης (*pēdṓtēs, “helmsman”), from Ancient Greek πηδόν (pēdón, “blade of an oar, oar”).

der

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


lava

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lava, from Neapolitan lava (“lava”, but also “downpour overflowing the streets”).

(geology) lava: the molten rock ejected by a volcano (hence on the surface) from its crater or fissured sides.


apron

Internationalism, borrowed from English apron.

(aviation) the paved area of an airport, especially the area where aircraft park away from a terminal.


aspirin

From Dutch aspirine, from the German trademark Aspirin, from acetylierte Spirsäure (literally “acetylated spiraeic acid”).


amalgam

From Dutch amalgaam, from French amalgame, from Latin amalgama, from Medieval Latin amalgama (“mercury alloy”), from Arabic اَلْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam, “emollient poultice or unguent for sores”), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma, “emollient; malleable material”), from μαλάσσω (malássō, “to soften”), from μαλακός (malakós, “soft”).

(chemistry) an alloy containing mercury.

(dentistry) material of silver tooth fillings.

amalgam:
material of silver tooth fillings.


bar

From Dutch bar, from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), coined c. 1900.

(physics) bar: a non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.


sel

Borrowed from Dutch cel (“cell”), from Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

(biology) basic unit of a living organism

(chemistry, electricity, physics) the basic unit of a battery


ampere

From Dutch ampère, from French ampère, named after André-Marie Ampère.


coulomb

Unadapted borrowing from French coulomb.

International System of Units
International System of Units

(physics) coulomb: In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electric charge; the amount of electric charge carried by a current of 1 ampere flowing for 1 second. Symbol: C


radius

(mathematics) a line segment between any point of a circle or sphere and its center; the length of this line segment.

(anatomy) the long bone in the forearm, on the side of the thumb.


atlas

From Dutch atlas, from Latin Atlas, from the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Bearer (of the Heavens)”), from τλῆναι (tlênai, “to suffer”, “to endure”, “to bear”).

(anatomy) the uppermost vertebra of the neck.

atlas:
the uppermost vertebra of the neck.


slip

From English slip, from Middle English slyp, slep, slyppe, from Old English slyp, slyppe, slipa (“a viscous, slimy substance”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sleupaną (“to slip, sneak”), possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European *slewb-, *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to sneak, crawl”); or alternatively from Proto-Germanic *slippijaną (“to glide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to glide”).

(archaeology, ceramics) slip: a thin, slippery mix of clay and water.


datum

From Dutch datum, from Middle Dutch datum, from Latin datum (“given”, past participle).

(cartography, engineering) A fixed reference point, or a coordinate system.


diagnosis

Learned borrowing from Latin diagnōsis, from Ancient Greek διάγνωσις (diágnōsis), from διαγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō, “to discern”), from διά (diá, “through”) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”). Doublet of diagnosa and diagnose.

(medicine) The identification of the nature and cause of an illness.


fungus

fungus (any member of the kingdom Fungi)


medium

* From Dutch medium, from Latin medium.
* Semantic loan from English medium for a measurement intermediate between extremes.

(physics) the materials or empty space through which signals, waves or forces pass.

(biology) a nutrient solution for the growth.

medium,
a nutrient solution for the growth.


stratum

From Dutch stratum, from Latin stratum. Doublet of setrat and strata.

(geology) stratum, a layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout.


Venus

(astronomy) Venus (the second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess)


zona

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin zōna, from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē).

(geography) each of the five regions of the earth's surface into which it was divided by climatic differences, namely the torrid zone (between the tropics), two temperate zones (between the tropics and the polar circles), and two frigid zones (within the polar circles).


rad

(metrology) rad, a non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray.


trimester

From Dutch trimester, from French trimestre, from Latin trimestris (“of three months”), from trēs (“three”) + mensis (“month”).

trimester: a period of three months or about three months.

(obstetrics) divisions of pregnancy period, each lasting for approximately 3 months.


tender

tèndêr (canonical)
tender-tender (plural)

From Dutch tender: from English tender, from Middle English tendren, from Old French tendre (“stretch out”), from Latin tendere.

(trading) tender, anything which is offered, proffered, put forth or bid with the expectation of a response, answer, or reply.


ATM

anjungan tunai mandiri
anjungan tunai mandiri#Indonesian

automated teller machine
automated teller machine

(banking) Initialism of anjungan tunai mandiri (“automated teller machine”).

anjungan transaksi mandiri
anjungan transaksi mandiri#Indonesian

(banking) Initialism of anjungan transaksi mandiri (“automated teller machine”).


balustrade

From Dutch balustrade, from French balustrade, from Italian balaustrata.

(architecture) balustrade: a row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.


administrator

From Dutch administrator (“administrator”), from Latin administrator (“administrator”).

(government, management, politics) one who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager


register

régistêr (canonical)
register-register (plural)

From Dutch register, from Middle Dutch register, from Old French registre, from Medieval Latin registrum.

(printing) the exact alignment of lines, margins and colors.


alkali

From Dutch alkali, from French alcali, ultimately from Arabic اَلْقِلْي (al-qily, “alkali, ashes of the saltwort”), related to قَلَى (qalā, “to roast in a pan, fry”).

(chemistry) alkali, a group of bases from alkali metal group.

(chemistry) base, any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.


knot

Internationalism, borrowed from English knot (“a unit of speed”, literally “a looping of a piece of string”), from Middle English knotte, from Old English cnotta, from Proto-West Germanic *knottō, from Proto-Germanic *knuttô, *knudô (“knot”); probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gnod- (“to bind”).

bor+

(aviation, nautical) a unit of speed, equal to one nautical mile per hour.

(aviation) a unit of indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, or equivalent airspeed, which varies in its relation to the unit of speed so as to compensate for the effects of different ambient atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.


wanita

id-noun

wanita (plural wanita-wanita or para wanita)

wanita-wanita (plural)
para wanita (plural)

→ Malay: wanita


jantan

From Malay jantan, from Old Javanese jantĕn.


abu

From Malay abu, from Proto-Malayic *habu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu. Doublet of hawu.


bumi

From Malay bumi, from Old Malay bhūmi, from Sanskrit भूमि (bhūmi).

(astronomy) our planet; third out from the Sun.

earth:
our planet; third out from the Sun.


tinggi

From Malay tinggi, from Sanskrit तुङ्ग (tuṅga, “high”).

(phonetics) made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate.


kaki

From Malay kaki, from Proto-Malayic *kaki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaqay (compare Cia-Cia 까께 (kkakke)), from Proto-Austronesian *qaqay).

(anatomy) a biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion and that is frequently a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg.


step

From Dutch stuip (“convulsion”), from Middle Dutch stūpe, stupen, stuypen (“convulsion”, literally “to duck, to bend down”), from Old English stupian (“to stoop, bend over”) (compare to English stoop (“to bend”)), from Old Norse stúpa, from Proto-Germanic *stūpōną, *stūpijaną (“to stand out”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to push, butt, knock”). Doublet of setip.


urine

From Dutch urine, from Middle Dutch urine, from older orine, from Old French orine, urine, from Latin urina.

(physiology) urine: liquid waste consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released through the urethra.


uterus

utèrus (canonical)
uterus-uterus (plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *úderos
Latin uterusder.
Indonesian uterus
Learned borrowing from Latin uterus, from Proto-Indo-European *úderos (“abdomen, stomach”), from *úd (“out, outward”) + *-eros (contrastive suffix).

af

(anatomy, medicine, zoology) womb, uterus


pasir

Inherited from Malay pasir, from Proto-Malayic *pasir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasiʀ (“sandbank, shoal in river or sea”).


massa

From Dutch [Term?] from Middle Dutch masse, from Old French attested from the 11th century, via late Latin massa (“lump, dough”), from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “barley-cake, lump (of dough)”). The Greek noun is derived from the verb μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European *maǵ- (“to oil, knead”). Standard spelling retain double s to avoid confusion with word masa (time).

der

(physics) the quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume. It is one of four fundamental properties of matter. It is measured in kilograms in the SI system of measurement.

(surgery) tumor: a palpable or visible abnormal globular structure.


atas

From Malay atas, from Proto-Malayic *atas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas (compare Tagalog taas), from Proto-Austronesian *aCas.

mengatasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengataskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

teratasi [agentless action + causative benefactive]

Sifat distributif perkalian atas penjumlahan dan pengurangan

The distributive property of multiplication over addition and subtraction.


bagi

From Malay bagi, a variant of the standard bahagi, from Proto-Malayic *bahagi (“share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqagi.

inh

Sepuluh bagi lima sama dengan dua.


bagi

bagi-bagi

to share a lot; to share for many; division

(arithmetic, uncommon) division (the act of dividing number)


besi

From Malay besi, from Proto-Malayic *bəsi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəsi.

(physics, chemistry, metallurgy) iron (element)


cuti

From Malay cuti, from Hindi छुट्टी (chuṭṭī, “release; leave; holiday, vacation; break”).

der

(rare) to have holiday, to have vacation


dasar

Inherited from Malay dasar, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ðsar. Compare Javanese ꦝꦱꦂ (dhasar), Old Javanese ḍasar (“base, bottom; workshop”).

cog

(linguistics) a morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.


median

From Dutch mediaan, from Latin medianus (“of or pertaining to the middle”, adjective), from medius (“middle”) (see medium), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Doublet of madya.

der

(statistics) the number separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.

(geometry) a line segment joining the vertex of triangle to the midpoint of the opposing side.

(printing, dated) mediaan, a former Nederland paper size, 470 mm × 560 mm.


anti-

Borrowed from Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

(particle physics) composed of antimatter

(immunology) reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal


ADHD

gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas

(colloquial, neurology, psychiatry, psychology) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD


bum

(economics, business) boom (a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity)


neo-

From Ancient Greek νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group.

(organic chemistry) Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound.


kala

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

(geology) epoch: a geochronologic unit of hundreds of thousands to millions of years; a subdivision of a period, and subdivided into ages (or sometimes subepochs).

(grammar) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

(linguistics, grammar, countable) An inflected form of a verb that indicates tense.


peta

From Malay peta, perhaps from Sanskrit भूपट (bhūpaṭa, “map”) as भू (bhū, “earth”) + पट (paṭa, “garment”). Similar construction in Latin mappa mundī (“map”), compound of mappa (“napkin, cloth”) + mundus (“world”).

compound

(geography) map (a visual representation of an area, whether real or imaginary, showing the relative positions of places and other features)


paha

Inherited from Malay paha, from Proto-Malayic *paha(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”).


PSP

pemegang saham pengendali
pemegang saham pengendali#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of pemegang saham pengendali (“controlling stakeholder”).


term

From Dutch term, from French terme, from Old French terme, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end; in Medieval Latin, also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).

der

(logic) the subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.


ad hominem

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ad hominem


umlaut

From English umlaut, from German Umlaut in the 19ᵗʰ century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”).


protein

protéin (canonical)
protein-protein (plural)

From Dutch proteïne, from French protéine and German Protein, both coined based on Ancient Greek πρωτεῖος (prōteîos, “primary”), from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).


PDB

produk domestik bruto
produk domestik bruto#Indonesian

(economics) Initialism of produk domestik bruto.


bias

From Malay bias from English bias, from French biais.

(statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.

(acoustics, optics) the turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.


media

* From Dutch media, from Latin media.
* Semantic loan from English media.

(biology) a nutrient solution for the growth.

medium,
a nutrient solution for the growth.


filter

From Dutch filter, from French filtre, from Medieval Latin filtrum (compare also Old French feutre (“felt; filter”)), from Frankish *filtir, from Proto-West Germanic *felt.

(electronics, physics) electronics or software that separates unwanted signals (for example noise) from wanted signals or that attenuates selected frequencies.


awan

Inherited from Malay awan, from Proto-Malayic *awan, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawan.

(astronomy) cloud (any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass)


keluarga

kêluarga (canonical)
keluarga-keluarga (plural)

From Malay keluarga (“family”). Compare to Javanese ꦏꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kulawarga) and ꦏꦮꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kawulawarga).

(set theory) class, a collection of sets definable by a shared property.


tenor

* From Dutch tenor, from Italian tenore, from Latin tenor.
* Semantic loan from English tenor for sense of time to maturity of a bond.

tenor:
(finance) time to maturity of a bond.


agio

From Dutch agio, from Italian aggio, from Old Occitan aize, from Vulgar Latin *adjace(m), from Latin adjacēns, present participle of adjaceō (compare Medieval Latin in aiace).


albatros

Borrowed from Dutch albatros, from English albatross, from Spanish alcatraz or Portuguese alcatraz, from Arabic الْغَطَّاس (al-ḡaṭṭās, “the diver”).

(zoology) any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.

(zoology) any of various African and Asian pierid butterflies of the genus Appias. Some species of this genus are also known as puffins.


ego

From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of eke.


palisade

palisadê (canonical)
palisade-palisade (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch palissade, from French palissade.

palisade:
(biology) an even row of cells.


virus

Borrowed from Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

(metonymically) a disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.


porta

Learned borrowing from Latin porta, from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (“to pass through/over”), probably as a feminine nominalization of *pr-tó- (“passed (through), crossed”). Doublet of portal.


kondom

From Dutch condoom, from English condom.
* The sense of protective case or cover is comparable to the Dutch synonym kous (“condom, mantle”, literally “stocking, sock”).

(literal) condom: A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STDs.


vagina

Learned borrowing from Latin vāgīna (“a sheath, scabbard; a covering, sheath, holder”).

lbor

(anatomy) A passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.


mes

From English mesh, from Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).

der

(engineering) mesh, structure or opening.


mes

From Dutch mes (“blade”), from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Cognate of Japanese メス (mesu, “medical knife”) and Korean 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”).

Kemudian tampak fasia, diinsisi dengan memberikan mes no 22 dan dijepit dengan memberikan pinset cirurgis.

Fascia appeared, incised with 22 blade and clamped with surgical forceps.

Berikan mes no 15 dan pinset chirurgi pada operator untuk insisi kulit sampai fasia.

Give the blade 15 and surgical forceps to the operator for skin incision to the fascia.

(surgery, colloquial) scalpel, blade, medical knife.


aviator

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


skala

From Dutch schaal (“scale”) or Portuguese escala, form Latin scala.

(mathematics) radix: A mathematical base for a numeral system.


kobra

From Dutch cobra, from Portuguese cobra, from Latin colubra (“snake”).

venomous snake from certain genera of the family Elapidae, especially of the genus Naja.

(zoology) cobra:
especially Indian cobra (Naja naja).


visum

From Dutch visum, from Latin visum (“something seen”).

visum et repertum
visum et repertum#Indonesian

(colloquial, medicine, law) short for visum et repertum (“coroner report/professional witness statement”, literally “seen and discovered”).


diameter

From Dutch diameter, from French diamètre, from Latin diametrus, from Ancient Greek διάμετρος (diámetros).


integral

Borrowed from Dutch integraal (“integral”), from French intégral, from Medieval Latin integrālis, from Latin integer (“entire”).

bor+

(mathematics) relating to integration (“the process of finding the integral [noun] of a function”).


integral

intêgral (canonical)
integral-integral (plural)


teh

From Malay teh (“tea”), from Hokkien 茶 (tê).

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual


gema

(physics) a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

(physics) an utterance repeating what has just been said.


limit

Internationalism, from Dutch limiet, from Middle Dutch limiten, from Old French limite, from Latin līmes.

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).


model

From Dutch model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus. Doublet of mode, modern, modul, and modus.

doublet

(psychology) role model, a person who serves as an example, whose behavior is emulated by others


bayonet

From Dutch bajonet, from French baïonnette.

(engineering) a pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.


magnet

Borrowed from Dutch magneet, from Middle Dutch magneet, from older magnes, from Latin magnēs, from Ancient Greek μαγνήτης λίθος (magnḗtēs líthos).

der

μαγνήτης λίθος

(electromagnetism) a piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism.


malaria

From Dutch malaria, from Italian malaria, formed from mal- (“bad”) and aria (“air”).

(medicine) malaria, a disease spread by mosquito, in which a protozoan, Plasmodium, multiplies in blood every few days.


hidrogen

* From Malay hidrogen, from English hydrogen
* From Dutch hydrogenium, from New Latin hydrogenium
Both from French hydrogène, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) + γεννάω (gennáō).


lateral

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

(phonetics, phonology) pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage.


lateral

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)

(anatomy) an object, such as a passage or a protrusion, that is situated on the side of something else.

(phonetics, phonology) A sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral).


semen

Learned borrowing from Latin sēmen (“semen, seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow; plant”).

der

(medicine) semen, the fluid, produced in male reproductive organs of an animal, that contains the reproductive cells.


pilar

From Dutch pilaar, from Medieval Latin pīlāre, from Latin pīla (“a pillar”).

(architecture) a large post, often used as supporting architecture.


anode

From Dutch anode, from English anode, from Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) and ὁδός (hodós, “path”), forming the New Greek compound ἄνοδος (ánodos).


aorta

From Dutch aorta, from Latin aorta, from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”).

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.


atrium

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

atrium:
(anatomy) cavity, entrance, or passage.

(anatomy) one of two upper chambers of the heart.

atrium:
one of two upper chambers of the heart.


basal

From Dutch basalt, from French basalte, from Middle French basalte, from Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”).

(geology) basalt: a hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.


basal

(anatomy, histology) associated with the base of an organism or structure.

(medicine) of a minimal level that is necessary for maintaining the health or life of an organism.


buret

(chemistry) burette: a glass tube with fine gradations and a stopcock at the bottom, used in laboratory procedures for accurate fluid dispensing and titration.


geyser

(geology, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of geiser (“geyser”)


pion

→ Malay: pion

From Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


serum

Borrowed from Dutch serum (“serum”), from Latin serum.

(hematology) the clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.

(immunology) blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.


sima

Borrowed from English sima (“lower layer of Earth's outer crust”), blend of silicon + magnesium.

bor+

(geology) sima: The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium.


sima

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

der

(archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes


situs

site:
(archaeology) archaeological site.


taring

From Malay taring,
from Classical Malay taring.


diabetes

(medicine) diabetes, a general term referring to any of various disorders characterized by excessive urination (polyuria).

diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus#English

(medicine, colloquial) diabetes mellitus, a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia


fauna

From Dutch fauna, from New Latin fauna, from Latin Fauna, sister of Faunus (“god of forests and herdsmen”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₂w-.

(zoology) animals considered as a group; especially those of a particular country, region, time.

(zoology) a book, cataloguing the animals of a country.


lot

→ Balinese: ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “lottery”)

From Dutch lot, from Proto-Germanic *hlutą.


meiosis

Borrowed from English meiosis, from Ancient Greek μείωσις (meíōsis, “a lessening”).

(cytology) meiosis: cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes.


stadium

From Dutch stadium (“stadium, life stage; stage, phase”), from Latin stadium (“a measure of length, a race course”), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “a measure of length, a running track”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Doublet of stadion.

der

(biology) stadium: a life stage of an organism.

kanker payudara stadium IV


amnesia

From Ancient Greek ἀμνησία (amnēsía, “forgetfulness”), a noun derivation from μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō, “to remind, to remember”).


taper

Borrowed from English taper, from Middle English taper, from Old English tapor (“taper, candle, wick of a lamp”), of uncertain origin.

(pharmacology) taper; gradual reduction over time


viral

(computing, virology) of or relating to virus; caused by a virus.

(advertising, marketing, social media) circulated rapidly and widely from one user to another.


pil

From Dutch pil (“pill”), from Middle Dutch pille, from Medieval Latin pilla, from Latin pilula, diminutive of pila (“ball”).

(medicine, pharmacy) pill: a small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication.


caisson

Unadapted borrowing from French caisson (“caisson”), from Old Occitan caisson, caissa.

ubor

(engineering) caisson: an enclosure from which water can be expelled, in order to give access to underwater areas for engineering works etc.


mineral

Borrowed from Dutch mineraal (“mineral”), from Old French mineral, (French minéral), from Medieval Latin minerale, from minera (“ore”), probably ultimately derived from Latin mina (“ore, mine”).

bor+

(geology) any naturally occurring material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties; especially, an inorganic one.

(biochemistry, nutrition, physiology) any inorganic element that is essential to nutrition; a dietary mineral.


organisme

From Dutch organisme, from French organisme.


fungi

From Latin fungi (plural form of fungus).


rabies

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch rabiës, from Latin rabies (“madness”).

(pathology, neurology) rabies: an infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


produk domestik bruto

Compound of produk (“product”) + domestik (“domestic”) + bruto (“gross”), calque of English gross domestic product or calque of Dutch bruto binnenlands product (“gross domestic product”).

cal

Coordinate term: pendapatan nasional bruto

gross domestic product
gross domestic product

gross domestic product (economic production of a particular territory)


mud

Ultimately from Arabic مُدّ (mudd, “a certain dry measure”)

bor

Satu sha' setara dengan empat mud

(Islam) a dry measure (for dates, water, grains, and other things) varying in size, roughly around 510 grams.


firma

From Dutch firma, from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre, from firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). Doublet of darma and derma.


kiln

From English kiln, from Middle English kilne, from Old English cylene or cyline (“large oven”), from Latin culīna (“kitchen, kitchen stove”).

(archaeology) kiln, an oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.


bunga

Inherited from Malay bunga, from Classical Malay bunga, from Proto-Malayic *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa. Cognate of Ilocano bunga (“fruit”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”).

(botany) a reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil.


bunga

Unknown
* Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).
* Semantic loan from Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “interest”, literally “childbirth, parturition; offspring”).

sl

(economics, finance) interest: the price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed.


lading

Borrowed from Dutch lading (“cargo; charge, tension”).

bor+

(geology) pyroclastic flow, volcanic ash, tephra


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking.


medan

From Malay medan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos via Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), Classical Persian میدان (maydān), or Urdu میدان (maidān).

(figurative, physics) region affected by a particular force.

field.
region affected by a particular force.


ester

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.


posterior

(anatomy, medicine, dentistry) posterior


terminator

Internationalism, ultimately from post-classical Latin terminātor.

(astronomy) the line between the day side and the night side of a moon, planet or other celestial body.


parabola

Learned borrowing from New Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabel.

lbor

(geometry) parabola, the conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).


digitalis

Internationalism, borrowed from English digitalis, from Latin digitālis (“of the fingers”) (named in reference to the German common name for the plant, Fingerhut (“thimble”)).

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual

(medicine, cardiology, pharmacology) digitalis: a medical extract of Digitalis purpurea prescribed for heart failure etc.


ILO

infeksi luka operasi
infeksi luka operasi#Indonesian

(surgery) Acronym of infeksi luka operasi (“surgical wound infection”).


momentum

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum.

(mechanics) of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.


nominal

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

(grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.


gula

From Malay gula, from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).


biner

From Dutch binair (“binary”), from French binaire, from Latin bīnārius.

(logic) concerning logic whose subject matter concerns binary states.

(arithmetic, computing) concerning numbers and calculations using the binary number system.


vital

From Dutch vitaal, from Middle French vital, from Latin vītālis.

(medicine) necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends.


aura

From English aura, from Latin aura (“a breeze, a breath of air, the air”), from Ancient Greek αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

(medicine) perceptual disturbance experienced by some migraine sufferers before a migraine headache.

(medicine) telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure.


museum

Inherited from Malay museum, from Dutch museum, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “a shrine of the Muses”).

museum: a building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.


aerosol

Affixed aero- + *sol, from English aerosol.


trauma

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

(psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.

(surgery) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.


edema

Learned borrowing from New Latin edema, from Ancient Greek οἴδημα (oídēma, “swelling”), οἰδέω (oidéō, “I swell”).

(pathology) edema, oedema: An excessive accumulation of serum in tissue spaces or a body cavity.


pita

Inherited from Malay pita, from Portuguese fita, from Latin vitta.

(physics, computing) a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

band
a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.


bubo

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin būbō, from Ancient Greek βουβών (boubṓn, “groin, swelling”).


Saturnus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch Saturnus, from Latin Saturnus.

(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄.


Merkurius

(astronomy) the planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.


monomer

monomèr (canonical)
monomer-monomer (plural)


transit

From Dutch transit, from French transit, from Latin trānseō.

(trading) the conveyance of people or goods from one place to another, especially on a public transportation system; the vehicles used for such conveyance.

(astronomy) The passage of a celestial body across the observer's meridian, or across the disk of a larger celestial body.


antigen

Borrowed from Dutch antigeen (“antigen”), from French antigène, from anti- + gène.

bor+

(immunology) antigen: a substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.


ethanol

(chemistry, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of etanol (“ethanol”)


margin

Borrowed from English margin, from Middle English margyn, from Latin marginem (possibly via Old French margin), accusative of margō (“edge, brink, border, margin”).

(finance) collateral security deposited with a broker, to compensate the broker in the event of loss in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, commodities, etc.


forma

Learned borrowing from Latin fōrma (“form”).

lbor

(biology, taxonomy) form: an infraspecific rank.


flora

From Dutch flora, from Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers), flōs (“blossom”), from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-s (“flower, blossom”), from *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”).

der

(botany) plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.

(botany) a book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.

(microbiology) the microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body.


ovum

Terbentuk dari ovum yang hina
 Dibuahi sperma dan ludah
 Diberkati jiwa yang cacat

2018, “Lahir Mata Satir”, performed by Deadsquad:

Formed from despised ovum
 Fertilized sperm and saliva
 Blessed with defective soul


basa

Borrowed from Dutch base, from French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis.

(chemistry) base, any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.


KISS

(management) acronym of koordinasi, integrasi, sinkronisasi, simplifikasi.


aktiva

From Dutch activa (“asset”), from Latin activa. Doublet of aktif.

(business) any property or object of value that one possesses, usually considered as applicable to the payment of one's debts.

(accounting) the left side of a balance sheet.

assets:
the left side of a balance sheet.


menopause

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch menopauze, from French ménopause, from Latin menopausis.

(gynaecology) menopause: The period in a woman's life when menstruation becomes irregular and less frequent before eventually stopping altogether, usually accompanied by a range of unpleasant symptoms; the period spanning perimenopause up to postmenopause; The final menstrual period of a woman after which ovulation no longer occurs.


tremor

From English tremor, from Middle English tremour (“fright”), from Anglo-Norman tremour and Old French tremor, from Latin tremor.

(medicine) A rhythmic, uncontrollable shaking of all or part of the body due to partial muscle contractions; tremor.


anemia

From Dutch anemie, from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -ia.


malaise

malaisê (canonical)
malaise-malaise (plural)

From Dutch malaise, from French malaise.

(economics) depression, a period of major economic contraction.

(medicine) malaise, a feeling of general bodily discomfort, fatigue or unpleasantness, often at the onset of illness.


tablet

From Dutch tablet, from Middle French tablette, from Old French tablete (Modern French tablette), diminutive of table (“table”), from Latin tabula. Doublet of tabel.
* Semantic loan from English tablet for tablet computer sense.

(medicine, pharmacy) a pill; a small, easily swallowed portion of a substance.


piston

From Dutch piston, from French piston, from Italian pistone (15th century), from Latin pistāre, from the root pīnsō (“I crush”).


angina

From Dutch angina, from Latin angina (“quinsy; strangling, choking”), from angō (“to press together, to choke, to hurt (cause pain)”).

an inflammatory infection of the throat, particularly quinsy.

angina pektoris
angina pektoris#Indonesian

(cardiology) short for angina pektoris (“angina pectoris”).


prima

Borrowed from Dutch prima and priem, ultimately from Latin primus.

(mathematics) having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).


HP

himpunan penyelesaian
himpunan penyelesaian#Indonesian

(mathematics) Initialism of himpunan penyelesaian (“solution set”).


gaga

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦒ (gaga, “dry field”), from Old Javanese gagā (“non-irrigated rice-field”)


gaga

(zoology) blubberlip snapper, Maori snapper, blue-spotted seaperch, Maori bream, Maori seaperch, multi-coloured snapper, scribbled snapper, speckled snapper, yellowfin snapper (Lutjanus rivulatus).


proteinuria

Compare English proteinuria and Dutch proteïnurie.

(pathology) proteinuria: the presence of protein in the urine.


teller

Unadapted borrowing from English teller, from Middle English tellere (“one who counts or enumerates; one who recounts or relates; teller”). Standard spelling retain double l to avoid confusion with word teler.

(banking) teller: a bank clerk who receives and pays out money.


sonde

From Dutch sonde, from French sonde, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”).


sampling

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English sampling.

ubor

(statistics) The analysis of a group by determining the characteristics of a significant percentage of its members chosen at random.


abakus

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

der

(Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

(architecture) the uppermost portion of the capital of a column.


mata

Inherited from Malay mata, from Proto-Malayic *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.

blade (the part of a knife, sword, razor, or other tool with which it cuts)


andas

(construction, engineering) bridge anvil


alfa

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), of Semitic origin. Doublet of alif.

bor+

(astronomy) Alpha, the brightest star in a constellation according to the Bayer designation.

(statistics) the significance level of a statistical test; the alpha level.


BRS

(nautical, medicine) Abbreviation of bantu rumah sakit. (used to refer to hospital ships)


hasta

From Malay hasta, from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).


seksi

Borrowed from Dutch sectie (“dissection, subdivision”).

bor

(surgery) an incision or the act of making an incision.


roda

From Malay roda, from Portuguese roda, from Latin rota, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).


Hamal

From Arabic الحَمَل (al-ḥamal, “Aries”), from Arabic حَمَل (ḥamal, “lamb”).


PK

perjanjian kinerja
perjanjian kinerja#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of perjanjian kinerja.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering) Initialism of paardenkracht (“horsepower”).


polen

Internationalism, from Dutch pollen, from Latin pollen.

(botany) pollen: A fine granular substance produced in flowers. Technically a collective term for pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants.


duodenum

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin duodēnum digitōrum (“duodenum”)


dengue

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch dengue, from Spanish dengue or indirectly via French dengue (itself from Spanish), probably from Swahili dinga (“sudden attack, seizure”).

der

(medicine, pathology, viral diseases, mosquito-borne diseases) dengue: an acute febrile disease of the (sub)tropics caused by the Dengue virus, a flavivirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and characterized by high fever, rash, headache, and severe muscle and joint pain.

viral diseases; mosquito-borne diseases; viral diseases; mosquito-borne diseases


pura

From Malay pura (“castle town”), from Sanskrit पुर (pura). Doublet of puri.
* Sense of "temple" is a semantic loan from Balinese ᬧᬸᬭ (pura) which is ultimately from same Sanskrit word.

(Hinduism) temple, a Balinese Hinduism place of worship.


bensin

bènsin (canonical)
bensin-bensin (plural)

From Dutch benzine, from German Benzin. Doublet of benzena.

(oil industry) gasoline (US), petrol (UK)


DPS

Dewan Pengawas Syariah
w:id:Dewan Pengawas Syariah

(finance) Initialism of Dewan Pengawas Syariah.


masjid

From Malay masjid, from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), from the root س ج د (s j d).


PT

(business) initialism of perseroan terbatas (“limited company”).


WP

(taxation) Initialism of wajib pajak (“taxpayer”).


IMS

infeksi menular seksual
infeksi menular seksual#Indonesian

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(medicine, pathology) Initialism of infeksi menular seksual (“sexually transmitted disease, venereal disease”).


GI

(electricity) Initialism of gardu induk.


BMD

barang milik daerah
barang milik daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of barang milik daerah.


graf

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.


jejunum

Learned borrowing from Latin iēiūnum, neuter of iēiūnus.

(anatomy) jejunum: the central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum.


sinus

Borrowed from Dutch sinus, from Latin sinus.

(anatomy) a pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

(pathology) an abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.

(trigonometry) sine: in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.


abortus

Borrowed from Dutch abortus, from Latin abortus, perfect active participle from aborior (“pass away; miscarry”), from ab (“from, away from”) + orior (“rise, get up; appear”). Doublet of aborsi.

(obstetrics) abortus; abortion: the expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus; either naturally as a spontaneous abortion (now usually called a miscarriage), or deliberately as an induced abortion (see Indonesian aborsi).


sputum

Pemeriksaan sputum penting dilakukan untuk mendiagnosis berbagai penyakit pernafasan.

Sputum examination is important for diagnosis of many respiratory diseases.


proletariat

prolêtariat (canonical)
proletariat-proletariat (plural)


STM

surat tanda melaporkan
surat tanda melaporkan#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of surat tanda melaporkan.


gestalt

Unadapted borrowing from German Gestalt (“shape, figure, form”).

ubor

(psychology) gestalt: a collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being)


DPA

daftar pencarian arsip
daftar pencarian arsip#Indonesian

(information science) Initialism of daftar pencarian arsip.

dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran
dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran.


koma

From Dutch komma, from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

(typography) comma: The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set off parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.


koma

From Dutch coma, from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

(medicine, neurology) coma, a state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma.


koma

From Dutch coma, from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

(astronomy) coma, a cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet.


suku

From Malay suku, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).
* The sense “clan” is a semantic loan from Minangkabau suku.
* The sense “footer” is a semantic loan from English footer.
* Displaced Dutch term (“term”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

inh

clan: a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief.

(biology, taxonomy) family: a category in the classification of organisms, ranking below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank.

(mathematics) term: any value (variable or constant) or expression separated from another term by a space or an appropriate character, in an overall expression or table.


ara

(zoology) green figbird, Timor figbird (Sphecotheres viridis).


homeostasis

homéostasis (canonical)
homeostasis-homeostasis (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin homoeostasis.


platelet

platélêt (canonical)
platelet-platelet (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from English platelet.

(hematology) platelet: A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


KB

keluarga berencana
keluarga berencana#Indonesian

(demography) Initialism of keluarga berencana (“family planning”).


isolator

(physics) insulator: a substance that does not transmit heat (thermal insulator), sound (acoustic insulator) or electricity (electrical insulator).


alveolus

From English alveolus, from Latin alveolus, a diminutive of alveus (“a tray, trough, basin”), from alvus (“the belly, the stomach, bowels, womb, etc.”).

(anatomy, pulmonology) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.

(anatomy, dentistry) A dental alveolus (tooth socket): the socket in which a tooth resides.


filum

(taxonomy) phylum: A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank


beri-beri

From Dutch beriberi, possibly borrowed from Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”) due to weakness.

(pathology) beriberi: an ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.


helikopter

helikoptêr (canonical)
helikopter-helikopter (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch helikopter (“helicopter”), from French hélicoptère.

bor+

(aviation) helicopter: an aircraft that is borne along by one or more sets of long rotating blades which allow it to hover, move in any direction including reverse, or land; and typically having a smaller set of blades on its tail to stabilize the aircraft.


dapur

From Malay dapur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapuR, from Proto-Austronesian *dapuR (“hearth, external part”). Cognate with Tagalog dapog, Samoan magalafu (“fireplace, furnace”).


sendi

From Malay sendi, from Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhi), संधि (saṃdhi). Doublet of sandi.

(anatomy) Any part of the body where two bones join, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.


plafon

From Dutch plafon, plafond, from French plafond. Cognate with Afrikaans plafon, Sranan Tongo plafon.

(finance) The maximum permitted level in a financial transaction.

(architecture) The overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.


balkon

From Dutch balkon, from French balcon, from Italian balcone, from Old Italian balco (“scaffold”) + -one (augmentative suffix).

(architecture, real estate) an accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.


kalimat

From Arabic كَلِمَات (kalimāt, “word, speech, statement”). Doublet of kalimah.

der

kalimat pasif

(grammar) sentence: a grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop.


premi

From Dutch premie, from Latin praemium. Doublet of premium.

(insurance) The amount to be paid for an insurance policy.


interna

From Dutch interne, in phrase of interne geneeskunde (“internal medicine”), from French interne (“internal”), from Latin internus. Compare to Czech interna. Doublet of intern.

internal medicine
internal medicine#English


fon

From Dutch foon (“phone”), from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

(linguistics) phone, a speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.


fon

From Dutch föhn (“foehn”), from German Föhn, from Vulgar Latin *faōnius, from Latin Favōnius (“Favonius”), a Roman wind god.

(meteorology) foehn, a warm dry wind blowing down the north sides of the Alps, especially in Switzerland, and similar warm dry wind developing on the lee side of a mountain.


fon

From English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).


bastar

From Dutch bastaard, from Middle Dutch bastaert, from Old French bastard, from Late Latin bastardus, of Germanic origin, possibly Frankish.

(biology) hybrid, offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.


agen

From Dutch agent, from French agent, from Latin agēns.

(economics, management, trading) one who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by authority from them; someone entrusted to do the business of another.

(biology, chemistry) an active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect.


af

From Dutch af (“off”), from Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.


SBM

standar biaya masukan
standar biaya masukan#Indonesian

(economics, finance) Initialism of standar biaya masukan.


gen

(genetics) gene (a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms)


BI

Bank Indonesia
Bank Indonesia#Indonesian


basilika

From Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”).

(architecture) basilica: a Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


HST

(agriculture) Initialism of hari setelah tanam (“days after planting”).


saldo

(accounting) balance: the difference between credit and debit of an account.


masa

From Malay masa, from Old Javanese masa, māsa (“time, time of day; season”, literally “month”), from Sanskrit मास (māsa, “month”).
* The sense of doubt or disbelief expression is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦺꦴꦱꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (mosok), variant of ꦩꦱ (masa, “disbelief expression”, literally “certainly not”), from Old Javanese masa (“certainly not”) (cf. salah masa (“at the wrong time”)).


masa

Ultimately from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “a weight of gold”).

(archaeology) unit of measurement of weight for gold and silver


vena

Learned borrowing from Latin vēna (“vein”).

learned borrowing

(medicine) vein, a blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.


duh

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese duh (“juice, sap, oil”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“sap, juice”). Doublet of juruh.
* Construction of duh tubuh is a semantic loan from Dutch lichaamssap (“bodily fluid”, literally “body sap”). However, contemporary term for bodily fluid is cairan tubuh.

sl

Keluhan duh tubuh vagina abnormal biasanya disebabkan oleh radang vagina, tetapi dapat pula akibat radang serviks yang mukopurulen.

Abnormal vaginal discharge complaint usually can be caused of vaginal inflammation, but can be caused of mucopurulent cervical inflammation.

(medicine, pathology) discharge: pus or exudate (other than blood) from a wound or orifice, usually due to infection or pathology.


drat

From Dutch draad (“screw thread”, literally “thread, wire”) (formally schroefdraad (“screw thread”)), from Middle Dutch drâet, from Old Dutch *thrād, from Proto-Germanic *þrēduz.

bor

(engineering) screw thread: a helical ridge formed around a cylinder, or a helical groove formed around the inner wall of a bore, used mostly on fasteners and their connection points.


ampul

Borrowed from Dutch ampul (“ampoule”). Doublet of ampula.

(medicine) ampoule (a small, closed (glass or artificial) vial used to dose medicine)


tante

From Malay tante, from Dutch tante, from Middle French tante, from Old French ante, from Latin amita, from Proto-Indo-European *amma-.


stele

From English stele, from 1886 French stèle, from Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “upright rock; pillar; column”).

der

(botany) stele, the central core of a plant's root and stem system, especially including the vascular tissue and developed from the plerome.


kista

Learned borrowing from Latin cista, from Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis).

(pathology) cyst: a pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which develops in one of the natural cavities or in the substance of an organ.


folio

(accounting) folio (a page in an account book)


chalet

Unadapted borrowing from French chalet, from Franco-Provençal çhalè (“herdsman's hut in the mountains”), from Old Franco-Provençal chaslet, diminutive of chasel (“farmhouse”), from Late Latin casalis (“house-like, house-related”), from Latin casa (“house”).

(architecture) chalet: an alpine style of wooden building with a sloping roof and overhanging eaves.


apnea

From English apnea, from the New Latin apnoea, from the Ancient Greek ἄπνοια (ápnoia), formed from ἀ- (a-, “absence of”) + πνοή (pnoḗ, “breathing”).


anamnesis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάμνησις (anámnēsis, “remembrance”), verbal noun of ἀναμιμνήσκω (anamimnḗskō), from ἀνα- (ana-) + μιμνῄσκω (mimnḗiskō, “call to mind”).

affix

(medicine, psychology) the medical history of a patient

anamnesis
the medical history of a patient


liana

From English liana, from French liane, influenced by lien (“link, bond”).

(botany) liana: a climbing woody vine, usually tropical.


sirocco

(geology) sirocco: a hot and often strong southerly to southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean that originates in the Sahara and adjacent North African regions.


magnetometer

Internationalism, borrowed from English magnetometer.


tras

(geology) trass (a white to grey volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders, sometimes used as a cement)


dak

From Dutch dak, from Middle Dutch dac, from Old Dutch thak, from Proto-Germanic *þaką.

roof (the top external level of a building)


dak

(chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of tidak


kans

From Dutch kans (“chance”), from Old Northern French cance, from Vulgar Latin *cadentia, from cadō (“to fall”), referring to the falling of dice.

(statistics) odds (the ratio of the probability of an event happening to that of it not happening)


periode

From Dutch periode, from Middle French periode, from Latin periodus, from Ancient Greek περίοδος (períodos).

(chemistry) period (a row in the periodic table of the elements)

(mathematics) period (the length of a repeating interval of a periodic function or repeating decima)


kuil

From Malay kuil, from Tamil கோயில் (kōyil). Cognate of English kovil.

temple, a house of worship of religions, except for Balinese Hinduism (pura).

shrine, a holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which said figure is venerated or worshipped.


regimen

(medicine) regimen: any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation.


ganas

(pathology) virulent: of a disease or disease-causing agent: highly infectious, malignant, or deadly.


latah

From Malay latah, from Sanskrit लता (latā, “streak, childish”).

(psychiatry, psychology) latah: a condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility.


variola

From Medieval Latin or Medical Latin variola, from Latin varius.

(pathology) variola, smallpox: An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.


adenoma

(pathology) adenoma: a benign tumour of the epithelium arising from or resembling a gland.


metastasis

Learned borrowing from Late Latin metastasis, from Ancient Greek μετάστασις (metástasis, “removal, change”), from μεθίστημι (methístēmi, “to remove, to change”). Doublet of metastase.

der

(chemistry) a change in nature, form, or quality.

metastasis:
a change in nature, form, or quality.

(medicine, oncology) the transference of a bodily function or disease to another part of the body, specifically the development of a secondary area of disease remote from the original site, as with some cancers.


debit

From Dutch debiet (“discharge, flowrate”), from French débit (“flow, rate of flow, discharge”), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).


debit

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

A semantic loan from English debit, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).
* Displaced earlier debet, which was loanword from Dutch debet.

In bookkeeping, an entry in the left hand column of an account.

A sum of money taken out of a bank account. Thus called, because in bank's bookkeeping a cash withdrawal diminishes the amount of money held on the account, i.e. bank's debt to the customer.

(accounting) receivable: a debt owed, usually to a business, from the perspective of that business.


timbal

From Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (timbel, “lead; tin”).


obsidian

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch obsidiaan, from Latin obsidianus.


dolar

From Dutch dollar, from English dollar, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally "of Joachimstal," the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic).


velum

(anatomy, linguistics) velum: the soft palate.


inhibitor

Internationalism, borrowed from English inhibitor.

(biology, chemistry) inhibitor: any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction or biological process.


modus

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

doublet

(mathematics, statistics) the most frequently occurring value in a distribution.

(linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality.


-ana

(organic chemistry) A saturated hydrocarbon; an alkane.

-ane
A saturated hydrocarbon; an alkane.

(inorganic chemistry) A simple binary compound of hydrogen and a nonmetal or metalloid.


kolik

From Dutch koliek (“colic”), from French colique, ultimately derived from Ancient Greek κωλικός (kōlikós, “suffering in the colon”, adj).


api

From Malay api, from Proto-Malayic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

a (usually self-sustaining) chemical reaction involving the bonding of oxygen with carbon or other fuel, with the production of heat and the presence of flame or smouldering.

the occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.

(figurative) strength of passion, whether love or hate.


adrenalin

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)


delirium

Borrowed from Dutch delirium, from Latin dēlīrium.


parang

From Malay parang, from Proto-Malayic *paraŋ.
* The sense as classic batik motif is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦫꦁ (parang, “batik pattern”, literally “cliff; knife, chopper, cleaver”), from Old Javanese paraṅ (“rock, crag”).

sl

(zoology) dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab).


iga

From Javanese ꦲꦶꦒ (iga, “rib”), from Old Javanese higā, igā (“rib”). Cognate Balinese ᬳᬶᬕ (higa, “rib”).

(anatomy) rib: any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum.


kram

(medicine, colloquial) alternative spelling of keram (“cramp”).


hari

From Malay hari, from Proto-Malayic *ari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. According to Adelaar (1992), the intrusive h- was added to prevent vowel clusters in words such as *mata ari > matahari "sun".

(astronomy) rotational period of a planet (especially Earth).

(meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.


kas

Borrowed from Dutch kas, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa from Old Italian cassa, from Latin capsa (“box, case”), from capiō (“I take, I seize, I receive”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”).

der

(Standard Malay)

(accounting) liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.


akar

From Malay akar, from Classical Malay اكر (akar), from Proto-Malayic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(w)akar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ.
* Displaced Dutch wortel (“(arithmetic) square root, root”, literally “root (plant)”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(arithmetic) of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.

(arithmetic) clipping of akar kuadrat (“a square root”).

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.


maja

From Malay maja, from Old Javanese maja (“Aegle marmelos”), probably from Prakrit majja (“intoxicant, wine, spirits”), from Sanskrit मद्य (madya, “intoxicating drink”).

der

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

(botany) bael, wood apple (Aegle marmelos)

Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima#Translingual

(botany) wood apple, elephant apple (Limonia acidissima)


poros

(geometry) an imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry).


hak

From Dutch haak (“hook”), from Middle Dutch hāke, from Old Dutch *hako, from Proto-Germanic *hakô.

(surgery, colloquial) retractor: a surgical instrument used to hold apart the edges of an incision or wound.


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from German Mol. Compare to Malay mol.

(chemistry) A mole (unit of chemical quantity).


moderator

From Dutch moderator, from Latin moderātor.

(engineering) a substance (often water or graphite) used to decrease the speed of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increase likelihood of fission


mutagen

Borrowed from Dutch mutageen (“mutagen”), from English mutagen.

bor+

(genetics, pathology) mutagen: any agent or substance that can cause genetic mutation.


salam

From Arabic سَلَم (salam, “futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction”).


rupiah

From Pali rūpiya (“silver”), from Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “silver, stamped coin”).


riyal

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَال (riyāl). Doublet of rial and royal.

riyal (The official currency of Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia)


siku

Inherited from Malay siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux.


UM

unaccompanied minor
unaccompanied minor#English

(aviation) Initialism of unaccompanied minor.


bakal

Inherited from Malay bakal, probably from Old Javanese bakal.

(biology) primordium: an aggregation of cells that is the first stage in the development of an organ.


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of translingual 語法. Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


kata kerja

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state.


contoh

From Malay contoh, from Tamil சௌத்து (cauttu, “pattern, sample, model”).

der

(statistics) a subset of a population selected for measurement, observation or questioning, to provide statistical information about the population.


kata penghubung

Compound of kata (“word”) + penghubung (“connector”), literally “connector word”.


hati

From Malay hati, from Proto-Malayic *hati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.


kulit

From Malay kulit, from Proto-Malayic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

(publishing) case: the hard cover that surrounds and protects the text.


tangan

From Malay tangan, from Proto-Malayic *taŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan. Compare Banjarese tangan, Iban tangan, Malay tangan, Minangkabau tangan.

the part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals.


hulu

From Malay hulu, from Proto-Malayic *hulu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu. Doublet of ulu.

huluku sakit.

(anatomy, obsolete) head (part of the body)


bulu

From Malay bulu, from Proto-Malayic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu.

(anatomy) hair (the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of humans and animals)


hujan

From Malay hujan, from Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


urat

From Malay urat, from Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot. The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English tendon.

(anatomy) tendon: a tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts.

(geology) vein: a sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock.


urat

Borrowed from Dutch uraat (“urate”), from English urate.

(organic chemistry) urate: any salt of uric acid.


tahun

→ As: tahun

From Malay tahun, from Proto-Malayic *tahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun (compare Maori tau).

A scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity.


telaga

têlaga (canonical)
telaga-telaga (plural)

From Malay telaga (attested in Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD as talāga), from Old Javanese talaga (“tank, pool, pond”), from Prakrit talāga, taḍāga, from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”). Cognate of Javanese ꦠ꧀ꦭꦒ (tlaga), Kapampangan talaga, Sundanese ᮒᮜᮌ (talaga, “lake”), and Ternate talaga (“lake”).


benua

From Malay benua, from Old Malay vanua, from Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Doublet of banua and wanua.


beri

Borrowed from English berry, from Middle English berye, from Old English berġe, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją.

(botany) berry (a soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits)


inti

(chemistry, nuclear physics) short for inti atom (“atomic nucleus”).

core
short for inti atom (“atomic nucleus”).


kerja

From Malay kerja, from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya). Doublet of karya.

(physics) a measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance.

(physics, more generally) a measure of energy that is usefully extracted from a process.


kunci

kunci (root)
mengunci (active)
terkunci (active involuntary)
dikunci (active involuntary passive)
kunci (active)
kuncilah (active)
menguncikan (active applicative causative locative)
terkuncikan (applicative causative locative)
dikuncikan (applicative causative locative passive)
kuncikan (applicative causative locative)
kuncikanlah (applicative causative locative)

From Malay kunci (“key”), from Hindi कुंजी (kuñjī, “key”), from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā).
* Semantic loan from Dutch sleutel for wrench, spanner and clef senses.
* Semantic loan from Dutch akkoord for chord sense.
* Semantic loan from English key for music (other than clef sense), education, computing, cryptography and internet sense.

(cryptography) A piece of information (e.g. a passphrase) used to encode or decode a message or messages.


kepala

From Malay kepala, from Classical Malay: کڤالا (kepala), from Pali kapāla, from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-European *káp-ōl (“head, bowl”). Doublet of kopra.
* Sense of leader and chief is a semantic loan from Dutch hoofd via Malay.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English head.

(anatomy) head: the part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth and main sense organs.


lidah

Inherited from Malay lidah, from Proto-Malayic *dilah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”).

tongue (the flexible muscular organ in the mouth that is used to move food around)

(zoology) speckled tonguesole (Cynoglossus puncticeps)


buah

Inherited from Malay buah, from Old Malay vuaḥ, from Proto-Malayic *buah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Austronesian *buaq.
* The sense of result and outcome are probably semantic loan from Sanskrit फल (phala, “result, yield, consequence”, literally “fruit”). Compare with Tagalog bunga with both fruit and result senses, while Malay and subsequently Indonesian bunga means flower.

sl

a sweet, edible part of a plant that resembles seed-bearing fruit (see next sense), even if it does not develop from a floral ovary


otak

From Malay otak, from utak, from Proto-Malayic *utək, *utak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək, *qutak. Doublet of botak and kotak.


getah

From Malay getah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gətəq (“sap, gummy secretion”), *-təq (“sap, gummy secretion”). Semantic loan from Dutch sap for the sense of biological fluid, biological juice.

inh

(biology) fluid, juice: a clear liquid believed to be a component of a humour or other bodily fluid (esp. plasma and lymph)


pasar

→ Dutch: pasar

From Malay pasar (“market”), from Tamil பசார் (pacār, “bazaar”), from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /wāzār/, “market”). Doublet of bazar.

der

(linguistics) colloquial; vernacular; vulgar


sakar

From Malay sakar, probably via Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂.

sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)

(medicine) blood sugar: the amount of glucose in a person's blood.


sakar

From Malay sakar, from Minangkabau [Term?].


susu

Inherited from Malay susu, from Proto-Malayic *susu(ʔ) (“breast”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu. The current sense of "milk" is developed from "breast" (commonly displaced by payudara) → "breast milk" (now replaced by the specific term air susu ibu, literally "mother's milk water") → "milk" (generalized to all types of milk).

a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young. From certain animals, especially cows, it is also called dairy milk and is a common food for humans as a beverage or used to produce various dairy products such as butter, cheese, and yogurt.

a white (or whitish) liquid obtained from a vegetable source such as almonds, coconuts, oats, rice, and/or soy beans. Also called non-dairy milk.

Aku minum segelas susu setiap hari.


telur

From Malay telur, from Classical Malay telur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, *qatəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.


marga

* Ultimately from Pali magga (“oath; road”) and Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “reach, range; mark, scar; track of a wild animal”), vṛddhi derivative of मृग (mṛga, “game animal; deer”).
** Inherited from Malay marga (“wild animal”), from Classical Malay marga, from Old Malay margga (“track, way”) (as in Talang Tuwo inscription (684 CE), compare to Balinese ᬫᬵᬃᬕ᭄ᬕ), came from above.
** The sense of clan is a semantic loan from Toba Batak marga (“clan”), came from above.
** The sense of hamlet is a semantic loan from Musi marga (“hamlet”), came from above.
** The sense of road is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦂꦒ (marga, “road”), came from above.
* The sense of family name is a semantic loan from Dutch familienaam (“family name”) as semantic extension of clan.
* The sense in taxonomy is a semantic loan from Dutch geslacht (“genus”, literally “linage, generation”) and Latin genus (literally “group; type, class; lineage, descent”) as semantic extension of clan.

sl

a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief.

(anthropology) clan:
specifically, the marga, Batak clan.

(biology, taxonomy) genus, a rank in the classification of organisms, below family and above species; a taxon at that rank.


nadi

From Malay nadi, from Sanskrit नाडी (nāḍī, “blood vessel”), नड (naḍá, a species of reed), a corruption of नद (nadá, “river; penis”), Sanskrit नदी (nadī́, “flowing water, river”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *nadíH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadíH (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ned-ih₂, from *ned- (“thundering, roaring, rushing”) + *-íh₂.

suf

(anatomy) artery: any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

(physiology) pulse: a normally regular beat felt when arteries are depressed, caused by the pumping action of the heart.


duli

From Malay duli, from Sanskrit धूलि (dhūli).


pria

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रिय (priya, “beloved”). Doublet of priayi.


berat

From Malay berat, from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Doublet of bobot.


arus

From Malay arus, from Proto-Malayic *harus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀus. Semantic loan from Dutch stroom (“electrical current”, literally “flow; small stream”).

sl

(electricity, electronics) electric current: the amount of electric charge flowing in each unit of time.


pusa

Inherited from Malay pusa (“urge, impuls”). The sense of physical momentum is a semantic loan from Dutch impuls.

inh+

(mechanics) momentum: of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity.


fiche

Unadapted borrowing from French fiche (“card (in a file); record”).

ubor

(information science) card, like a punch card, microfiche or file card


kuku

From Malay kuku, from Proto-Malayic *kuku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.

(anatomy) a curved, pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot of a mammal, reptile, or bird.

(anatomy) hoof: the tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering.


lubang

From Malay lubang, from Proto-Malayic *lubaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lubaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *lubaŋ (“burial pit”). Doublet of lowong and luang.

der

(physics) in semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.


buluh

From Malay buluh, from Proto-Malayic *buluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buluq (compare Malagasy volo), from Proto-Austronesian *buluq.

(botany) culm (the stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge)


luah

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lwah (“river”) (compare to Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦃ (loh) and Balinese ᬮᬸᬯᬄ (luah)).

lbor

(agriculture) the volume of liquid flowing through a surface per unit time


hidung

From Malay hidung, from Proto-Malayic *hiduŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, *ujuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *mujiŋ.


nanah

Inherited from Malay nanah, from Proto-Malayic *nanah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.

pus (fluid found in regions of infection)


dahi

(anatomy) forehead (part of face above eyebrows)


daun

From Malay daun, from Proto-Malayic *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.


pusat

Inherited from Malay pusat, from Proto-Malayic *pusət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj.

(anatomy) navel: the indentation or bump remaining in the abdomen of mammals where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.


kumis

From Malay kumis, from Proto-Malayic *kumis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kumis.


SPP

surat persetujuan pembayaran
surat persetujuan pembayaran#Indonesian

(business) Initialism of surat persetujuan pembayaran.

surat perjanjian penerbitan
surat perjanjian penerbitan#Indonesian

(printing) Initialism of surat perjanjian penerbitan.


dumping

(trading) dumping: selling goods at less than their normal price, especially in the export market as a means of securing a monopoly.


arde

From Dutch aarde (“earth”), from Middle Dutch āerde, from Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-Germanic *erþō. Cognate to Afrikaans aarde.

kabel arde


lup

From Dutch loep (“magnifying glass”), from French loupe, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”).

der

magnifying glass
magnifying glass#English


BU

(medicine, surgery) Initialism of bising usus (“peristalsis”).


alur

Inherited from Malay alur, from Proto-Malayic *halur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qaluʀ, from the root *-luʀ.

Ellipsis of alur air: water source located in the middle of agricultural land, ie. irrigation.


RL

(accounting) Initialism of risalah lelang (“auction report”).


blok

From Dutch blok (“block”), from Middle Dutch blok, from Old Dutch *blok, from Proto-Germanic *blukką, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“thick plank, beam, pile, prop”). Cognate of Afrikaans blok.
* Semantic loan from English block for sense of (sport) an action to interfere.

(anesthesiology, neurology) deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief.


parut

(dermatology, pathology) cicatrice, scar: a permanent mark on the skin, sometimes caused by the healing of a wound.

(pathology) scar: an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue after an injury.


duk

From Dutch doek, from Middle Dutch doec, from Old Dutch *duok, from Proto-Germanic *dōkaz.

a piece of cloth:
(surgery, colloquial) drape.


regulator

(genetics) a gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes.


kanker

kankêr (canonical)
kanker-kanker (plural)

From Dutch kanker (“cancer”), from Middle Dutch canker, from New Latin cancer. Cognate of Afrikaans kanker. Doublet of Kanser.

(oncology) cancer (disease of uncontrolled cellular proliferation).


beton

Borrowed from Dutch beton, from French béton, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitumen.

(real estate) concrete (a building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand)


bola

From Malay bola, from Portuguese bola, from Old Occitan bola, from Latin bulla. Doublet of bolu.

(mathematics) sphere: a regular three-dimensional object in which every cross-section is a circle; the figure described by the revolution of a circle about its diameter.


kati

From Malay kati, from Tamil கட்டி (kaṭṭi).

A weight defined as 6¼ ons or 625 grams.


orde

From Dutch orde, from Middle Dutch ordene, from Old French ordene, from Latin ordō, ordinem. Doublet of rodi, order, ordi, ordo, and wardi.

doublet

reaksi orde dua

(chemistry) the overall power of the rate law of a chemical reaction, expressed as a polynomial function of concentrations of reactants and products.

(mathematics) the cardinality, or number of elements in a set, group, or other structure regardable as a set.


kasus

From Dutch casus, from Latin cāsus (“chance, event”), the past participle of cadō (“to fall, happen”).

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(linguistics, grammar) case (grammatical case)

(medicine, epidemiology) case (an instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms)