cat

paint (a substance that is applied as a liquid or paste, and dries into a solid coating that protects or adds color/colour to an object or surface to which it has been applied)


cat

(transitive) to paint
to apply paint to.

to apply in the manner that paint is applied.

to cover (something) with spots of colour, like paint.


April

From Dutch april, from Middle Dutch april, from Latin Aprīlis. Cognate with Afrikaans April, Malay April.


September

From Dutch september, from Latin September (“seventh month”).


November

Novembêr (canonical)
Nopember (alternative)

From Dutch november, from Latin November (“ninth month”).


barter

id-noun

barter (countable and uncountable, plural barter-barter)

barter (the goods or services used in such an exchange)


abdomen

From Dutch abdomen, from Middle French abdomen, from Latin abdōmen.

(entomology) abdomen (the posterior section of an arthropod's body)


abdominal

(ichthyology) abdominal (having abdominal fins)


ablaut

From English ablaut, from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”).

ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)


abomasum

Learned borrowing from New Latin abomāsum

lbor

abomasum (the fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant)


absis

(geometry, surveying) the first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes.

(geometry, surveying) the horizontal line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the abscissa (sense above) is shown.


abstain

(politics) to abstain (to deliberately refrain from casting one's vote at a meeting where one is present)

(formal, rare, medicine) to abstain (to fast, diet)


avatar

From English avatar, from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”). Doublet of awatara.

der

(Hinduism) avatar (the incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu)

(computing) avatar (a digital representation of a person or being)


de

The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.


en

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.


te

The name of the Latin-script letter T/t.


FTP

(education) Initialism of fakultas teknologi pertanian.


PM

polisi militer
polisi militer#Indonesian

(military, law enforcement) initialism of polisi militer (“military police”).

perdana menteri
perdana menteri#Indonesian

(politics, government) initialism of perdana menteri (“prime minister”).


bit

Borrowed from English bit (“binary digit”).

bor+

(computing) bit, smallest unit of storage.


be

The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.


mandat

From Dutch mandaat, from Middle Dutch mandaet, from Old French mandat, from Latin mandātum.

mandate (the authority to do something or to act)


bot

bot:
(science fiction) a physical robot.

(computing) a piece of software designed to perform a minor but repetitive task automatically or on command, especially when operating with the appearance of a (human) user profile or account.


aria

From Dutch aria, from Italian aria, metathesis from Latin āerem, accusative of āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

(music) aria (a type of musical piece written typically for a solo voice)


NATO

international relations
international relations

(international relations, military, politics) NATO


Israel

From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.

A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean

(biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people

(historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel

(historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah


bank

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch bank (“bank”). Doublet of bangku.

ubor

Bank Internasional untuk Pemulihan dan Pembangunan

Bank Internasional untuk Rekonstruksi dan Pembangunan

(banking, finance) an institution where one can place and borrow money and take care of financial affairs.


but

(computing) bootstrap (process by which the operating system of a computer is loaded into its memory)


digital

From Dutch digitaal, from Latin digitālis or Middle French digital, itself from Latin.

(surveying) Property of representing values as discrete, often binary, numbers rather than a continuous spectrum.

(computing) Of or relating to computers or the Information Age.


SIM

(management) Acronym of sistem informasi manajemen.


gas

From Dutch gas (“gas”), a term coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont. Perhaps inspired by geest (“breath, vapour, spirit”) or by chaos (“chaos”), from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “chasm, void”).

der

(chemistry, physics) Matter in a state intermediate between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid (or in a bubble of liquid) (or held together by gravitational pull); it can condense into a liquid, or can (rarely) become a solid directly.


mi

From Latin mīra, from the first word of the third line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.

(music) mi, a syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale.


Australia

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)

Rey menjalankan SMA-nya di Australia.


yeti

From Tibetan གཡའ་དྲེད (g.ya' dred, “rock bear”), compound of གཡའ (g.ya', “rocky or rocky place”) and དྲེད (dred, “bear”).

(cryptozoology) yeti (an unidentified humanoid animal said to live in the Himalayas)


Taiwan

The modern form may possibly be from English Taiwan or way older form reminiscent of Dutch Tayouan, from possibly Siraya. Recorded historically in Dutch as Tayouan (and other variants), and in Hokkien 大員 /大员 (Tāi-oân) (and other variants). The term initially referred to a sandbank peninsula that later silted up now wholly part of the island in the area of modern-day Anping District, Tainan, and eventually became the name of the entire island.

(astronomy) 2169 Taiwan, a main belt asteroid.

Taiwan
2169 Taiwan, a main belt asteroid.


tuba

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”).

(music) tuba: A large brass musical instrument, usually in the bass range, played through a vibration of the lips upon the mouthpiece and fingering of the keys.


pit

(motor racing) pit (an area at a racetrack used for refueling and repairing the vehicles during a race)


trapezoid

trapezoid (a convex quadrilateral with no sides parallel)


sol

From Dutch sol, the first syllable of Latin solve (“to remove, get rid of”), the first word of the fifth line, third verse (“Solve polluti, labii reatum”, that is, “Clean the guilt from our stained lips”) of the famed medieval hymn Ut queant laxis, which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.

in a movable-do or tonic sol-fa system: the fifth step in a scale, preceded by fa and followed by la.

in a fixed-do system: the musical note G.


el

The name of the Latin-script letter L/l.


stem

From English stem, from Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).

(nautical) stem: the vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached.


air

Inherited from Malay air, from Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

(colloquial) a cockfight round, which begins by spraying water at the cock


as

From Dutch aas (“ace”), earlier ase, from Middle Dutch aes, from Old French as, from Latin as.
* Semantic loan from English ace for meaning other than card with a single spot.

(tennis) point scored without the opponent hitting the ball.


son

(agriculture) harvested young garlic at the age of 70 days after planting


malam

malam-malam (plural)
malem (alternative)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦩꦭꦩ꧀ (malam), probably from Gujarati મલમ (malam, “ointment or paste made of wax”), from Classical Persian مرهم (marham), from Arabic مَرْهَم (marham).

beeswax: a wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods.


not

From Dutch noot, from Middle Dutch note, from Old French note, from Latin nota. Doublet of nota.

(music) note, a character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch.


bahasa

→ Cia-Cia: bahasa

→ Dutch: bahasa

i

along with Malay <i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">bahasa</i>

→ English: Bahasa (along with Malay bahasa)

Inherited from Malay bahasa, from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).

bahasa daerah

regional language; language other than Indonesian

bahasa pasar

koine, lingua franca, link language, trade language, vehicular language

language (a body of words used as a form of communication)

language (a computer or machine language)


anterior

Learned borrowing from Latin anterior, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros.


astronaut

id-noun

astronaut (plural astronaut-astronaut or para astronaut)

astronaut-astronaut (plural)
para astronaut (plural)
astronot (alternative)


pen

From Dutch pen, from Latin penna (“feather, pen”). Doublet of pena.

(medicine) pin, metal used to fasten or as a bearing.


om

From Sanskrit ओं (oṃ) or औं (auṃ) or ॐ (oṃ). Cognate with Balinese ᬒᬁ.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) om: a sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


MA

madrasah aliah
madrasah aliah#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of madrasah aliah.

mahkamah agung
mahkamah agung#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of mahkamah agung (“supreme court”).


MT

(agriculture) Initialism of musim tanam (“planting season”).


PB

(healthcare) Initialism of panjang badan (“bodylength”).


SE

(law, government) Initialism of surat edaran (“circular letter”).

sertifikat ekspor
sertifikat ekspor#Indonesian

(business) Initialism of sertifikat ekspor (“export certificate”).


bam

From Malay bam, from Persian بام (bâm, “ceiling”).


ban

From Dutch band, from Middle Dutch bant.
* The sense “band” is a semantic loan from English band.

(physics) band (a part of the electromagnetic spectrum)


ban

From Dutch baan, from Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō.

(sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)


barak

barak-barak (plural)
bérék (alternative)

From Dutch barak, from French baraque, from Spanish barraca, from Catalan barraca, diminutive of barra (“clay, mud”), from Vulgar Latin *barrum, probably ultimately from Celtiberian.


AB

anggaran belanja
anggaran belanja#Indonesian

(finance, government, management) Initialism of anggaran belanja.

angkatan bersenjata
angkatan bersenjata#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of angkatan bersenjata.

administrasi bisnis
administrasi bisnis#Indonesian

(business, management) Initialism of administrasi bisnis.

(hematology) AB: A blood type of the ABO system that has both blood antigens and may receive all blood types, and donate to AB.


SI

(historical, politics) Initialism of Sarekat Islam.

Sistem Internasional
w:id:Sistem Internasional

(physics) Initialism of Sistem Internasional (“International System of Units”).


TA

tahun akademik
tahun akademik#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of tahun akademik.

tahun anggaran
tahun anggaran#Indonesian


TA

(education, colloquial) Initialism of titip absen.


KY

(government) initialism of komisi yudisial (“judicial commission”).


bel

From English bel, after Alexander Graham Bell.

(physics) bel, a measure of relative power, defined as log₁₀(P ₁/P ₂), where P₁ and P₂ are the measured and reference power respectively.


OK

From Dutch operatiekamer of operatie (“surgery”) + kamer (“room”).

(healthcare, colloquial) operating theatre, operating room.


slang

(linguistics) slang, unconventional language.


twit

(Internet) Tweet, an entry posted on the microblogging service Twitter.


we

The name of the Latin-script letter W/w.


molar

Borrowed from Dutch molaar, from Latin molāris (“millstone, molar”).

(dentistry) molar: a back tooth having a broad surface used for grinding one's food.


molar

(chemistry) of, relating to, or being a solution containing one mole of solute per litre of solution.

(physics) of or relating to a complete body of matter as distinct from its molecular or atomic constituents.


molar

(chemistry) molar: a unit of concentration equal to one mole per litre.


molar

(psychology) connecting a movement into one unit, for example swimming behavior


kara

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫ (kara), from Old Javanese kara.

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

(botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus.


matahari

From Malay matahari. Equivalent to mata (“eye”) + hari (“day”).

sun (the star around which the Earth revolves)


lingua franca

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lingua franca.

ubor

bahasa perantara
bahasa perantara#Indonesian

(linguistics) Synonym of bahasa perantara


PBB

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
w:id:Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

(international relations, politics, UN) Initialism of Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (“United Nations”).

international relations; UN; international relations; UN

Partai Bulan Bintang
w:id:Partai Bulan Bintang

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Bulan Bintang (literally “Crescent Star Party”).


perak

id-noun

perak (countable and uncountable, plural perak-perak)

Inherited from Malay perak, from earlier pirak. See there for further etymology.


buku

From Malay buku, from Proto-Malayic *buku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh. Doublet of wuku.


kucing

kucing-kucing (plural)
koetjing (alternative)
kutjing (alternative)

Inherited from Malay kucing, from Classical Malay kucing, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutíŋ.

(gay slang) homosexual partner; homosexual sugar baby


kamus

Inherited from Malay kamus, from Arabic قَامُوس (qāmūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós).

a reference work with a list of words from one or more languages, normally ordered alphabetically, explaining each word's meaning, and sometimes containing information on its etymology, pronunciation, usage, translations, and other data.

any work that has a list of material organized alphabetically; e.g., biographical dictionary, encyclopedic dictionary.


dua

Inherited from Malay dua, from Proto-Malayic *dua(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


kali

From Malay kali, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”). Doublet of kala.

Dua kali tiga sama dengan enam.


bulan

bulan-bulan (plural)
boelan (alternative)

Inherited from Malay bulan, from Proto-Malayic *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN. Doublet of rembulan and wulan. The sense “any natural satellite of a planet” is a semantic loan from Dutch maan (“moon”).

Bulan malam ini sangat bulat.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

Bulan Titan yang mengorbit planet Saturnus memiliki kandungan hidrokarbon yang signifikan.

The moon Titan, that orbits Saturn, has significant numbers of hydrocarbon.

moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)

Kami harus membayar tagihan air setiap bulan.

We have to pay the water bill every month.

month (period into which a year is divided)


satu

From Malay satu, from Proto-Malayic *sA- (“one”) + *batu (“stone”).


sungai

Inherited from Malay sungai, from Proto-Malayic *suŋay.

river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass)


tak

motor dua tak

(engineering) stroke, cycle, phase; a single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; also, the length of this movement.


tiga

From Malay tiga (“three”), from Classical Malay tiga, from Proto-Malayic *tiga, from Prakrit 𑀢𑀺𑀕 (tiga), from Sanskrit त्रिक (trika, “triad”).

Enam bagi tiga sama dengan dua.


empat

Inherited from Malay empat, from Proto-Malayic *əmpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


unit

(mathematics) oneness, singularity, seen as a component of a whole number; a magnitude of one.

(sciences) a standard measure of a quantity.


dada

Inherited from Malay dada, from Proto-Malayic *dada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahdah, from Proto-Austronesian *daSdaS.

(anatomy) chest: the portion of the front of the human body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen; the thorax. Also the analogous area in other animals.

(anatomy) chest cavity, thoracic cavity.


mama

Learned borrowing from Latin mamma, from Ancient Greek μάμμη (mámmē).

(medicine) breast, udder: The milk-secreting organ of female humans and other mammals which includes the mammary gland and the nipple or teat.

(meteorology) An accessory cloud like a mammary in appearance, which can form on the underside of most cloud genera.


ad libitum

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin ad libitum.

ubor

(music) at one's pleasure, allowing freedom to improvise, allowing variation from the printed notes or tempo.

(agriculture, sciences) without restriction.


er

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


Islam

From Malay Islam, from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām).


got

From Dutch goot (“gutter”), from Middle Dutch gōte, from Old Dutch *gota, from Proto-Germanic *gutō.

gutter (a prepared channel in a surface, especially at the side of a road adjacent to a curb, intended for the drainage of water)


go

(board games) A strategic board game, originally from China, in which two players (black and white) attempt to control the largest area of the board with their counters.


ideal

From Dutch ideaal, from French idéal, from Medieval Latin ideālis.

(mathematics) ideal: a subring closed under multiplication by its containing ring.


ye

yè (canonical)
ye-ye (plural)
je (alternative)

The name of the Latin-script letter Y/y.


bug

(computing) bug: a problem that needs fixing.


verbal

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verbālis. Doublet of perbal.

(linguistics) verbal (pertaining to verbs)


basket

baskèt (canonical)
basket-basket (plural)

Pseudo-anglicism, a shortening of English basketball.

The particular kind of ball used in the sport of basketball.

A sport in which two opposing teams of five players strive to put a ball through a hoop.


set

From Dutch set, from English set, alteration of sept, from Old French sette (“a religious sect”), from Medieval Latin secta (“retinue”), from Latin secta (“a faction”).

(sports) set, group of games counting as a unit toward a match.


arid

From English arid, from either French aride or directly from Latin āridus (“dry, arid, parched”).


sat

(law enforcement) Clipping of satuan (“unit”).


basis

Borrowed from Dutch basis, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basa.

(mathematics) in a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space.

(Standard Malay)

(electronics) the name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).

(geometry) the lowest side of a in a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.

(military) headquarter: permanent structure for housing military.


basis

Borrowed from Dutch bassist (“bassist”).

(music) bassist: a musician playing a bass; esp. a bass guitarist.


UN

ujian nasional
ujian nasional#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of ujian nasional.


UK

uji kompetensi
uji kompetensi#Indonesian

(education, management) Initialism of uji kompetensi.

uji kesetaraan
uji kesetaraan#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of uji kesetaraan.


plasma

From Dutch plasma, from Latin plasma, from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma).

(physics) a state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.

(medicine, hematology) blood plasma, free of suspended cells, used in transfusions.

(agriculture) farmers (planters) who are part of the agricultural business system (plantation) who are in charge of carrying out the production process and supplying their products to the factory (which acts as the nucleus), while the production costs and facilities are provided by the factory.


pos

From Dutch post (“post”), from Middle French poste, from Italian posta, posto, from Latin postus, from positus. Cognate to Malay pos.


sal

From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala, from Proto-West Germanic *sali, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate of Afrikaans saal (“hall, large room”).


mana

From Late Latin manna, from Ancient Greek μάννα (mánna), from Hebrew מן (mān, “'manna”).

(biblical) manna: Food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus.


organ

From Dutch orgaan, from Middle Dutch organe, from Latin organum, from Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon).

(biology) a larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.

(music) a musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.


analog

From Dutch analoog, from French analogue or German analog, from Latin analogus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάλογος (análogos).

(sciences, surveying) analogue, analog: in which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).


analog

(chemistry) analog: a structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties.


laissez faire

Unadapted borrowing from French laissez faire (“leave it be”, literally “let do”).


de jure

Unadapted borrowing from Latin dē jūre (literally “according to law”).


mare

marê (canonical)
mare-mare (plural)
maria (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mare (“sea”).

learned borrowing

(planetology) mare (a large, dark plain, which may have the appearance of a sea, such as those on the Moon)


manga

From Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Doublet of manhua and manhwa.

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


dojo

Borrowed from Japanese 道(どう)場(じょう) (dōjō, literally “place of the ways”): 道(どう) (dō, “road; way”) + 場(じょう) (jō, “place”).

ja-r

(martial arts) A training facility, usually led by one or more sensei; a hall or room used for such training.


harem

From Ottoman Turkish حرم (harem) (Modern Turkish harem), from Arabic حَرَم (ḥaram, “something prohibited; sanctuary, women”); and later also from حَرِيم (ḥarīm) with same meaning, both from حَرُمَ (ḥaruma, “be forbidden or unlawful”). Doublet of haram.

der

(biology) a group of female animals (cows) herded and controlled by a male animal (bull) of that species for breeding purposes; such behaviour is exhibited by bovids including cattle and buffalo as well as moose, elephants, seals, sea lions, baboons, and elephant seals.

(biology) a group of female birds mated to or associated with a breeding male.


halma

From English halma, from Ancient Greek ἅλμα (hálma, “leap”).

(board games) halma: a board game invented by George Howard Monks in which the players' men jump over those in adjacent squares.


gender

gêndèr (canonical)
gender-gender (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦂ (gendèr), from Old Javanese gĕnder.


asteroid

astéroid (canonical)
asteroid-asteroid (plural)


hem

(biochemistry) heme: the component of hemoglobin (and other hemoproteins) responsible for binding oxygen.


instrumental

Borrowed from Dutch instrumentaal, from French instrumental, from Medieval Latin īnstrūmentālis.

(music) pertaining to, made by, or prepared for an instrument, especially a musical instrument (rather than the human voice).

(linguistics) applied to a case expressing means or agency.


nadir

Borrowed from Dutch nadir, from French nadir, from Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير السَّمْت (naẓīr as-samt), composed of نَظِير (naẓīr, “counterpart, corresponding to”) and السَّمْت (as-samt, “the zenith”).

نَظِير السَّمْت

(astronomy) down: the axis of a projected conical shadow; the direction of the force of gravity at a location.


masker

maskêr (canonical)
masker-masker (plural)

From Dutch masker, from Middle French masque (“a covering to hide or protect the face”), from Italian maschera (“mask, disguise”), from (a byform of, see it for more) Medieval Latin masca, mascha.

mask, a cover, or partial cover, for the face


kernel

Borrowed from English kernel, from Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kurną (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn + -le.

(botany, agriculture) the stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums. (of oil palm)

information technology
information technology

(computing, information technology) the central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.


ordinal

Borrowed from Dutch ordinaal (“ordinal”), from French ordinal, from Latin ōrdinālis, adjective formed from noun ōrdō (“order”), + adjective suffix -ālis.


kata

From Malay kata, from Pali kathā, from Sanskrit कथा (kathā, “speech; story”).

(linguistics) word: (the smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language)


ha

The name of the Latin-script letter H/h.


darah

id-noun

darah (countable and uncountable, plural darah-darah)

From Malay darah, from Proto-Malayic *darah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

(uncountable) blood (vital liquid flowing in human and animal bodies)

(figurative) blood (family relationship due to birth, e.g. between siblings)


EKG

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiogram.

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiograf.

(cardiology) Initialism of elektrokardiografi.


EEG

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalogram (“electroencephalogram”).

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalograf (“electroencephalograph”).

(neurology) Initialism of elektroensefalografi (“electroencephalography”).


ADP

arah dasar pengukuran
arah dasar pengukuran#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of arah dasar pengukuran.

adenosina difosfat
adenosina difosfat#Indonesian

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

(biochemistry) Initialism of adenosina difosfat (“adenosine diphosphate”).


void

(law) void: of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification.


void

(architecture) void: An empty space between floors or walls, including false separations and planned gaps between a building and its facade.


juta

→ Tetum: juta

From Malay juta, from Sanskrit अयुत (ayuta, “ten thousand”).

djoeta (alternative)
djuta (alternative)


delta

(geography) A landform at the mouth of a river where it empties into a body of water.


FF

(education) Initialism of fakultas farmasi.


TV

(communication) Initialism of televisi (“television”).


genus

Borrowed from Dutch genus, from Latin genus. Doublet of gender, genre, and jenis.

(biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species.


petroleum

petroleum (canonical)
pétroléum (canonical)

From Dutch petroleum, from Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).


dam

From Dutch dam (“king (draught/checkers)”), from Middle French dame, from Old French dame, from Latin domina.

(games) draught (American), checkers (British).


dam

From Arabic دَم (dam, “blood”), from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

(Islam) fine (a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law)


atom

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch atoom (“atom”), from French atome, from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos).

(chemistry, nuclear physics) atom, the smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.


argon

From Dutch argon, from English argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


em

The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.


accelerando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian accelerando (“accelerating”).

ubor

(music) accelerando: with a gradual increase in speed.


bus

Borrowed from Dutch bus, shortening of omnibus, from Latin omnibus (“for everything/all”); dative plural of omnis (“all”).

alternative pronunciations, especially for the word of etymology 1

bus (a motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads)


kayak

From Dutch kajak, from English kayak, from Inuktitut ᖃᔭᖅ (qayaq, “man's boat”), from Proto-Eskimo *qayaʁ.


AI

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(computing) Initialism of akal imitasi (“artificial intelligence”).


si

(law enforcement) aphetic form of seksi (“section”)


ti

Borrowed from English ti, from alteration of si, made so that every note of solfège would begin with a different letter.

(music) ti (a syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale)


ge

The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.


terminal

From Dutch terminal, from Late Latin terminalis (“pertaining to a boundary or to the end, terminal, final”), from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end”).

der

(transport) facility to embark and disembark passengers.

(computing) a device for entering data into a computer or a communications system and/or displaying data received, especially a device equipped with a keyboard and some sort of textual display.


tar

tar-tar (plural)
tart [tat] (alternative)

From Dutch taart, from Middle Dutch tāerte, from Old French tarte.


ce

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.


es

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.


tri

From Malay tri, from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tráyas, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


jet

Borrowed from English jet, from French jet (“spurt”, literally “a throw”), from Old French get, giet, from Vulgar Latin *iectus, jectus, from Latin iactus (“a throwing, a throw”), from iacere (“to throw”).

(physics) a collimated stream, spurt or flow of liquid or gas from a pressurized container, an engine, etc.

(aviation) a type of airplane using jet engines rather than propellers.


generator

génêrator (canonical)
generator-generator (plural)

From Dutch generator, from Latin generātor, genero (“beget, father”).


pilot

Internationalism, borrowed from English pilot, from Middle French pilot, pillot, from Italian pilota, piloto, older also pedotta, pedot(t)o (the form in pil- is probably influenced by pileggiare (“to sail, navigate”)); ultimately from unattested Byzantine Greek *πηδώτης (*pēdṓtēs, “helmsman”), from Ancient Greek πηδόν (pēdón, “blade of an oar, oar”).

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


resistor

résistor (canonical)
resistor-resistor (plural)

(electronics) resistor: an electric component that transmits current in direct proportion to the voltage across it.


lava

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lava, from Neapolitan lava (“lava”, but also “downpour overflowing the streets”).

(geology) lava: the molten rock ejected by a volcano (hence on the surface) from its crater or fissured sides.


halal

Inherited from Malay halal, from Classical Malay halal, from Arabic حَلَال (ḥalāl).

(Islam) permissible, according to Muslim religious customs, to have or do


POP

pengawas operasional pertama
pengawas operasional pertama#Indonesian

(mining) Acronym of pengawas operasional pertama.


mega

From Malay mega, from Sanskrit मेघ (megha).

(dialectal, rare) Synonym of awan (“cloud”)


net

From Dutch net, from Middle Dutch net, nette, from Old Dutch *net, *netti, from Proto-Germanic *natją, from Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to turn, twist, knot”).

(sports) net, a mesh stretched to divide the court in tennis, badminton, volleyball, etc.


apron

Internationalism, borrowed from English apron.

(fashion) an article of clothing worn over the front of the torso and/or legs for protection from spills; also historically worn by Freemasons and as part of women's fashion.

(aviation) the paved area of an airport, especially the area where aircraft park away from a terminal.

(drama) the portion of a stage extending towards the audience beyond the proscenium arch in a theatre.


aspirin

From Dutch aspirine, from the German trademark Aspirin, from acetylierte Spirsäure (literally “acetylated spiraeic acid”).


amalgam

From Dutch amalgaam, from French amalgame, from Latin amalgama, from Medieval Latin amalgama (“mercury alloy”), from Arabic اَلْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam, “emollient poultice or unguent for sores”), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma, “emollient; malleable material”), from μαλάσσω (malássō, “to soften”), from μαλακός (malakós, “soft”).

(chemistry) an alloy containing mercury.

(dentistry) material of silver tooth fillings.

amalgam:
material of silver tooth fillings.


binomial

Borrowed from Dutch binomiaal, from Late Latin binōmium + -al.

binomial
(algebra) a polynomial with two terms.

(algebra) a quantity expressed as the sum or difference of two terms.

(taxonomy) a scientific name at the rank of species, with two terms: a generic name and a specific name.


bagel

From English bagel, from Yiddish בייגל (beygl), ultimately from a diminutive of Middle High German bouc, boug- (“ring, bracelet”), from Old High German boug (“ring”), from Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“ring”).

(cooking) bagel: a toroidal bread roll that is boiled before it is baked.


bar

From Dutch bar, from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros, “weight”), coined c. 1900.

(physics) bar: a non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.


tapas

From English tapas, from Spanish tapas, plural of tapa, with original sense of “top”.

(cooking) tapas: a variety of Spanish small food items or snacks, originally served with sherry.


koper

kopêr (canonical)
koper-koper (plural)
kopor (alternative)

briefcase (A case used for carrying documents, especially for business)

suitcase (A large piece of luggage used for carrying clothes, and sometimes suits, when travelling)


fail

From English file, from Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin filum (“thread”). Compare to Malay fail.

(computing) an aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name.


sel

Borrowed from Dutch cel (“cell”), from Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

cell
a small room or compartment
cloister cell

(biology) basic unit of a living organism

(chemistry, electricity, physics) the basic unit of a battery


ampere

From Dutch ampère, from French ampère, named after André-Marie Ampère.


coulomb

Unadapted borrowing from French coulomb.

International System of Units
International System of Units

(physics) coulomb: In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electric charge; the amount of electric charge carried by a current of 1 ampere flowing for 1 second. Symbol: C


radius

(mathematics) a line segment between any point of a circle or sphere and its center; the length of this line segment.

(anatomy) the long bone in the forearm, on the side of the thumb.


Allah

From Malay Allah, from Classical Malay Allah (“Allah; God”); from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.

Akulah TUHAN (YHWH), Allahmu (your God), yang membawa engkau keluar dari tanah Mesir, dari tempat perbudakan. (Keluaran 20:2)

I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. (Exodus 20:2)


kopi

* From Dutch kopie, from French copie, from Medieval Latin copia (“reproduction, transcript”), from Latin cōpia (“plenty, abundance”), from *coopia, from co- (“together”) + ops (“wealth, riches”).
* From Dutch kopij (“manuscript”), variant of kopie, see above.


wasabi

Borrowed from Japanese 山葵(わさび) (wasabi).

Japanese horseradish
Japanese horseradish

(cooking) wasabi: the Japanese horseradish (Eutrema japonicum, Wasabia japonica)


atlas

From Dutch atlas, from Latin Atlas, from the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Bearer (of the Heavens)”), from τλῆναι (tlênai, “to suffer”, “to endure”, “to bear”).

(anatomy) the uppermost vertebra of the neck.

atlas:
the uppermost vertebra of the neck.


front

An area where armies are engaged in conflict, especially the line of contact.


papa

From Sanskrit पाप (pāpa, “bad, evil, low”).


je

From Dutch jee. Doublet of ye. Represented Dutch-derived J (pronounced /j/, modern Y) before 1972.

The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.


roman

Borrowed from Malay roman, from Dutch roman.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, longer than a novella.


slip

From English slip, from Middle English slyp, slep, slyppe, from Old English slyp, slyppe, slipa (“a viscous, slimy substance”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sleupaną (“to slip, sneak”), possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European *slewb-, *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to sneak, crawl”); or alternatively from Proto-Germanic *slippijaną (“to glide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to glide”).

(archaeology, ceramics) slip: a thin, slippery mix of clay and water.


sumo

(sports) sumo (Japanese traditional wrestling).


pater

From Dutch pater, from Latin pater, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.


frater

fratêr (canonical)
frater-frater (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch frater, from Latin frāter, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Doublet of bruder.

(Catholicism) a candidate for priesthood


abbas

(Catholicism) Alternative spelling of abas (“abbot”)


label

From French label (with possibility of indirect loan via Dutch label), from English label, from Middle English label (“narrow band, strip of cloth”), from Old French label, lambel (Modern French lambeau), from Frankish *lappā (“torn piece of cloth”), from Proto-Germanic *lappǭ, *lappô (“cloth stuff, rag, scraps, flap, dewlap, lobe, rabbit ear”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“blade”). Cognate with Old High German lappa (“rag, piece of cloth”), Old English læppa (“skirt, flap of a garment”).

cog

(computing) a user-defined alias for a numerical designation, the reverse of an enumeration.


datum

From Dutch datum, from Middle Dutch datum, from Latin datum (“given”, past participle).

(cartography, engineering) A fixed reference point, or a coordinate system.


diagnosis

diagnosa (alternative)
diagnose (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin diagnōsis, from Ancient Greek διάγνωσις (diágnōsis), from διαγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō, “to discern”), from διά (diá, “through”) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”). Doublet of diagnosa and diagnose.

(medicine) The identification of the nature and cause of an illness.


fungus

fungus (any member of the kingdom Fungi)


medium

medium (canonical)
médium (canonical)
media (alternative)

* From Dutch medium, from Latin medium.
* Semantic loan from English medium for a measurement intermediate between extremes.

(physics) the materials or empty space through which signals, waves or forces pass.

(biology) a nutrient solution for the growth.

medium,
a nutrient solution for the growth.


oasis

From Late Latin Oasis, from Ancient Greek Ὄασις (Óasis), from Demotic wḥj, from Egyptian wḥꜣt (“oasis, cauldron”), G43-V28-G1-X1:N25Doublet of wahah.

a spring of fresh water, surrounded by a fertile region of vegetation, in a desert.

(figuratively) a quiet, peaceful place or situation separated from surrounding noise or bustle.

(figuratively) a place or situation of fruitfulness or abundance separated from surrounding barrenness or scarcity.


stratum

From Dutch stratum, from Latin stratum. Doublet of setrat and strata.

(geology) stratum, a layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout.


trailer

trailer (canonical)
trailêr (canonical)
tréler (alternative)

From Dutch trailer, from English trailer.

(film) trailer, a preview of a film, video game or TV show.


Venus

(astronomy) Venus (the second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess)

planets of the Solar System: planet dari tata surya: Merkurius · Venus · Bumi · Mars · Jupiter · Saturnus · Uranus · Neptunus [edit]


lento

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lento, from Latin lentus.


lento

Borrowed from Javanese ꦊꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴ (lento, “swelling”).

bor+

(cooking) snack made from ground, seasoned, hand-rolled, then fried mung beans


zona

zona-zona (plural)
zone (alternative)
zon (alternative)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin zōna, from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē).

(geography) each of the five regions of the earth's surface into which it was divided by climatic differences, namely the torrid zone (between the tropics), two temperate zones (between the tropics and the polar circles), and two frigid zones (within the polar circles).


metropolis

From Ancient Greek μητρόπολις (mētrópolis, “mother city”).

der

(urban studies) a large, busy city, especially as the main city in an area or country or as distinguished from surrounding rural areas.


rad

(metrology) rad, a non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray.


semester

From Dutch semester, from German Semester, from New Latin sēmestris ("lasting six months"), from sex (“six”) + mēnsis (“month”).

(education) half of a school year or academic year.

semester:
half of a school year or academic year.


trimester

From Dutch trimester, from French trimestre, from Latin trimestris (“of three months”), from trēs (“three”) + mensis (“month”).

trimester: a period of three months or about three months.

(obstetrics) divisions of pregnancy period, each lasting for approximately 3 months.


tender

tèndêr (canonical)
tender-tender (plural)

From Dutch tender: from English tender, from Middle English tendren, from Old French tendre (“stretch out”), from Latin tendere.

(trading) tender, anything which is offered, proffered, put forth or bid with the expectation of a response, answer, or reply.


tender

From Dutch tender, from English tender, tend + -er.

(transport) tender: a railroad car towed behind a steam engine to carry fuel and water.


mode

modê (canonical)
mode-mode (plural)
mod (alternative)

* From Dutch mode f, from Middle French mode f, from Latin modus m. Doublet of moda, model, modern, modul, and modus.
* Semantic loan from English mode in electronics and computing sense.

doublet

(electronics) a series of settings on a device used for a specific purpose.

(computing) one of various related sets of rules for processing data.


iso

From Javanese iso (ꦲꦶꦱꦺꦴ, “animal intestine”). Cognate of Tagalog isaw (“intestine”).

bor

(cooking) animal intestine, beef by default.


IP

ilmu pemerintahan
ilmu pemerintahan#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of ilmu pemerintahan.

indeks prestasi
indeks prestasi#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of indeks prestasi.


ATM

anjungan tunai mandiri
anjungan tunai mandiri#Indonesian

automated teller machine
automated teller machine

(banking) Initialism of anjungan tunai mandiri (“automated teller machine”).

anjungan transaksi mandiri
anjungan transaksi mandiri#Indonesian

(banking) Initialism of anjungan transaksi mandiri (“automated teller machine”).

asynchronous transfer mode
asynchronous transfer mode#English

(computing) Initialism of asynchronous transfer mode.


leger

(education) a ledger, the marking register.


jam

From Malay jam, from Sanskrit याम (yāma, “time”).

clock (instrument to measure or keep track of time)

(colloquial) time (particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something)


ter

Learned borrowing from Latin ter (“thrice”).


balustrade

From Dutch balustrade, from French balustrade, from Italian balaustrata.

(architecture) balustrade: a row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.


som

From Dutch zoom (“hem; edge, border”), from Middle Dutch sôom, from Old Dutch *sōm, from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz (“that which is sewn”).

der

(sewing, colloquial) seam (folded back and stitched piece of fabric)


zet

The name of the Latin-script letter Z/z.


santo

Borrowed from Portuguese santo (“male saint”), from Old Galician-Portuguese santo, from Latin sānctus, perfect passive participle of sanciō (“consecrate, appoint as sacred”), from Proto-Indo-European *sān- (“healthy, happy”).


Ezra

Borrowed from Dutch Ezra, from Biblical Hebrew עֶזְרָא.

(biblical) The fifteenth book of the Old Testament and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.

(biblical) A Jewish high priest from the fifth century BC.


administrator

administrator-administrator (plural)
administratur (alternative)

From Dutch administrator (“administrator”), from Latin administrator (“administrator”).

(government, management, politics) one who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager

(computing, information technology) one who is responsible for software installation, management, information and maintenance of a computer or network


mezzo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo, from Latin medius.


agape

From Ancient Greek ἀγάπη (agápē, “love; the love between man and God; Christian love feasts”).

(Catholicism, philosophy) agape: love; the love between man and God; Christian love feasts.


register

régistêr (canonical)
register-register (plural)

From Dutch register, from Middle Dutch register, from Old French registre, from Medieval Latin registrum.

(printing) the exact alignment of lines, margins and colors.

(computing) a small unit of very fast memory that is directly accessible to the central processing unit, and is mostly used to store inputs, outputs or intermediate results of computations.


alias

Borrowed from Dutch alias, from Latin alias (“at another time; at another place, elsewhere, under other circumstances, otherwise”).

(computing) a name or string that can replace another name or string.

(statistics) two similar branches of statistical analysis.


alibi

Borrowed from Dutch alibi, from Latin alibī (“elsewhere, at another place”).

(law) the plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed.


alkali

From Dutch alkali, from French alcali, ultimately from Arabic اَلْقِلْي (al-qily, “alkali, ashes of the saltwort”), related to قَلَى (qalā, “to roast in a pan, fry”).

(chemistry) alkali, a group of bases from alkali metal group.

(chemistry) base, any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.


Injil

From Malay injil, from Arabic إِنْجِيل (ʔinjīl), ultimately from Ancient Greek εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion). Doublet of evangeli.

Inilah Injil Yesus Kristus menurut Matius / Markus / Lukas / Yohanes

A reading from the Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Matthew / Mark / Luke / John


knot

Internationalism, borrowed from English knot (“a unit of speed”, literally “a looping of a piece of string”), from Middle English knotte, from Old English cnotta, from Proto-West Germanic *knottō, from Proto-Germanic *knuttô, *knudô (“knot”); probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gnod- (“to bind”).

bor+

(aviation, nautical) a unit of speed, equal to one nautical mile per hour.

(aviation) a unit of indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, or equivalent airspeed, which varies in its relation to the unit of speed so as to compensate for the effects of different ambient atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.


wanita

id-noun

wanita (plural wanita-wanita or para wanita)

wanita-wanita (plural)
para wanita (plural)

→ Malay: wanita


Adi

From Javanese Adi, from Sanskrit अधि (adhi).


bapa

From Malay bapa, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian [Term?]. Doublet of Bapa and bapak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).


coklat

Mereka tidak hanya dijadikan target konsumen tapi juga diharapkan ikut berkecimpung di dalam bisnis produksi panganan berbahan coklat.

2017 October 26, Amelia Hapsari, “Permintaan Coklat di Jogja Tinggi [High Demand for Chocolate in Yogyakarta]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 2018-12-31:

They not only become the targeted consumer but are also expected to be involved in the production business of food made from chocolate.

Nonstandard form of cokelat (“chocolate; brown color”).


carillon

Unadapted borrowing from French carillon.

ubor

(music) carillon: a set of bells, often in a bell tower, sometimes operated by means of a keyboard (manual or pedal), originating from the Low Countries.


baju

From Malay baju, from Classical Malay باجو (baju), from Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”), from Old Persian 𐎲𐎠𐏀𐎢 (b-a-z-u /bāzu/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Doublet of bahu.

der

baju koko

traditional Malay-Indonesian men Muslim shirt


jantan

Inherited from Malay jantan, from Old Javanese jantĕn.


Belanda

From Malay Belanda, from Javanese ꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦢ (walanda), from Portuguese Holanda (“Holland”), from Old Dutch holt lant (“woodland”).

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


kuda

From Malay kuda.
* Probably from Tamil குதிரை (kutirai).
* Alternatively, from Prakrit 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀬 (ghoḍaya), from Sanskrit घोटक (ghoṭaka), from Proto-Dravidian *kHutt-.
The sense of knight (chess) is a semantic loan from Dutch paard (“knight (chess)”, literally “horse”).


waktu

From Malay waktu, from Arabic وَقْت (waqt, “time”).

time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)

time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)

time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)


kawan

From Malay kawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban.

Hanya beberapa orang pemimpin PKI berhasil menyelamatkan diri ke luar negeri, di antaranya anggota Central Comite PKI, Kawan Musso.

Only several PKI leaders succeeded in saving themselves by traveling abroad, one of them being Comrade Musso, a member of the Central Committee of the PKI.


film

film-film (plural)
filem (alternative)
pilem (alternative)


abu

From Malay abu, from Proto-Malayic *habu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu. Doublet of hawu.


bumi

From Malay bumi, from Old Malay bhūmi, from Sanskrit भूमि (bhūmi).

(astronomy) our planet; third out from the Sun.

earth:
our planet; third out from the Sun.


hitam

From Malay hitam, from Proto-Malayic *hitəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qitəm.

Orang itu memiliki mobil hitam.


meja

From Malay meja, from Portuguese mesa (“table”), from Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin mēnsa.


ahad

Inherited from Malay ahad, from Classical Malay احد (ahad), from Arabic وَاحِد (wāḥid). Doublet of wahid.


enam

Inherited from Malay enam, from Proto-Malayic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


makan

Clipping of makanan (literally “food, meal”).

clip

(used only in a phrase) sustenance (something that provides support or nourishment)


tinggi

From Malay tinggi, from Sanskrit तुङ्ग (tuṅga, “high”).

(phonetics) made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate.


tujuh

Inherited from Malay tujuh, from Proto-Malayic *tujuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuq (“to indicate, point”), from Proto-Austronesian *tuzuq (“to point at, point out; give directions”). Doublet of tunjuk.

inh

toedjoeh (alternative)
tudjuh (alternative)


kaki

Inherited from Malay kaki, from Proto-Malayic *kaki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaqay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaqay.


yang

yang-yang (plural)
hiang (alternative)
hyang (alternative)
jang (alternative)
yg (alternative)

From Malay yang, from Proto-Malayic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.

(Hinduism) hyang: An unseen spirit with supernatural powers, in ancient Indonesian mythology.


yang

yang-yang (plural)
jang (alternative)
yg (alternative)

(philosophy) yang: A principle in Chinese and related East Asian philosophies associated with bright, hot, masculine, etc. elements of the natural world.


step

stèp (canonical)
step-step (plural)
setip (alternative)

From Dutch stuip (“convulsion”), from Middle Dutch stūpe, stupen, stuypen (“convulsion”, literally “to duck, to bend down”), from Old English stupian (“to stoop, bend over”) (compare to English stoop (“to bend”)), from Old Norse stúpa, from Proto-Germanic *stūpōną, *stūpijaną (“to stand out”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to push, butt, knock”). Doublet of setip.


bokap

Coordinate term: nyokap

(colloquial, originally Prokem slang) father


tri-

From Malay tri-, from tri, from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


dengar

head

dêngar (active mendengar, passive didengar)

dêngar (canonical)
mendengar (active)
didengar (passive)
denger (alternative)

Inherited from Malay dengar, from Proto-Malayic *dəŋər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəʀ. Doublet of rungu (“hearing ability”).

(intransitive, stative) to perceive sounds through the ear

to hear
to perceive sounds through the ear

Aku mendengar sesuatu dari bawah sana.

(transitive, stative) to perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way

(transitive) to listen favourably to; to grant (a request etc.)

Aku baru saja mendengar kabar ini dari temanku.

(transitive) to receive information about; to come to learn of

to use one's sense of hearing in an intentional way; to make deliberate use of one's ears; to pay attention to or wait for a specific sound

to accept advice or obey instruction; to agree or assent


USB

(education) Initialism of unit sekolah baru (“new school unit”).


urine

urinê (canonical)
urin (alternative)
urin (alternative)

From Dutch urine, from Middle Dutch urine, from older orine, from Old French orine, urine, from Latin urina.

(physiology) urine: liquid waste consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released through the urethra.


uterus

utèrus (canonical)
uterus-uterus (plural)
uterus /utərus/ (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *úderos
Latin uterusder.
Indonesian uterus
Learned borrowing from Latin uterus, from Proto-Indo-European *úderos (“abdomen, stomach”), from *úd (“out, outward”) + *-eros (contrastive suffix).

af

(anatomy, medicine, zoology) womb, uterus


bapak

From Malay bapa, bapak, from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Doublet of bapa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) + apak, which is cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- + apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).


celana

→ Ternate: calana

From Malay celana, from Classical Malay چلان (celana), from Hindi चोलना (colnā). Compare to Sabah Malay celana, salana.


pasir

Inherited from Malay pasir, from Proto-Malayic *pasir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasiʀ (“sandbank, shoal in river or sea”).


massa

From Dutch [Term?] from Middle Dutch masse, from Old French attested from the 11th century, via late Latin massa (“lump, dough”), from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “barley-cake, lump (of dough)”). The Greek noun is derived from the verb μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European *maǵ- (“to oil, knead”). Standard spelling retain double s to avoid confusion with word masa (time).

der

(physics) the quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume. It is one of four fundamental properties of matter. It is measured in kilograms in the SI system of measurement.

(surgery) tumor: a palpable or visible abnormal globular structure.


anak

From Malay anak, from Classical Malay انق (anak), from Proto-Malayic *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)

Gue anak padus.

I am a choirister. (literally, “I am a child of a choir.”)

(Heading) a person associated with a particular identity or trait

(colloquial) A member or attendee of an organization, group, event, institution, school, etc.

anak kunci

(Heading) small or miniature
a component part of a whole

anak bukit

a smaller version of something similar that is larger or bigger


sigmoid

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σῑγμοειδής (sīgmoeidḗs, “of the shape of sigma”), from σῖγμᾰ (sîgmă, “sigma”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-oid, -like”)

af

(anatomy, mathematics, statistics) sigmoid


acara

acara-acara (plural)
atjara (alternative)

From Malay acara, from Classical Malay اچارا (acara), from Sanskrit आचार (ācāra), from the root चर् (car), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”). Doublet of acaram and ajar.
* The sense of court examination is a learned borrowing from Old Javanese ācāra (“custom, practice”) as a semantic loan from Dutch proces (“trial court”, literally “process, procedure”).


antologi

From Dutch anthologie, from French anthologie, from Ancient Greek ἀνθολογία (anthología, “collection of flowers”).

der

(literature) anthology (collection of literary works)


atas

From Malay atas, from Proto-Malayic *atas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas (compare Tagalog taas), from Proto-Austronesian *aCas.

mengatasi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

mengataskan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

teratasi [agentless action + causative benefactive]

Sifat distributif perkalian atas penjumlahan dan pengurangan

The distributive property of multiplication over addition and subtraction.


bagi

membagi (active)
dibagi (passive)
bahagi (alternative)

From Malay bagi, a variant of the standard bahagi, from Proto-Malayic *bahagi (“share, portion, inheritance; to allot, divide property”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqagi.

inh

Sepuluh bagi lima sama dengan dua.


bagi

bagi-bagi

to share a lot; to share for many; division

(arithmetic, uncommon) division (the act of dividing number)


besi

From Malay besi, from Proto-Malayic *bəsi, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bəsi.

(physics, chemistry, metallurgy) iron (element)


bicara

* Inherited from Malay bicara, possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian or Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”). Doublet of wicara.
* For sense of guaranteed, semantic loan from Betawi [Term?].


catur

From Malay catur, from Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


catur

From Malay catur, from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga), related to etymology 1.

synonym: sekak


cuti

From Malay cuti, from Hindi छुट्टी (chuṭṭī, “release; leave; holiday, vacation; break”).

(rare) to have holiday, to have vacation


dasar

Inherited from Malay dasar, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ðsar. Compare Javanese ꦝꦱꦂ (dhasar), Old Javanese ḍasar (“base, bottom; workshop”).

cog

(linguistics) a morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.


enak

From Malay enak, from inak, from Proto-Malayic *inak.


median

médian (canonical)
median-median (plural)

From Dutch mediaan, from Latin medianus (“of or pertaining to the middle”, adjective), from medius (“middle”) (see medium), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Doublet of madya.

der

(statistics) the number separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.

(geometry) a line segment joining the vertex of triangle to the midpoint of the opposing side.

(road transport) the median strip; the area separating two lanes of opposite-direction traffic.

(printing, dated) mediaan, a former Nederland paper size, 470 mm × 560 mm.


printer

(computing) printer: a device, usually attached to a computer, used to print text or images onto paper; an analogous device capable of producing three-dimensional objects.


anti-

Borrowed from Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

(particle physics) composed of antimatter

(immunology) reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal


abang

From Malay abang, from Classical Malay ابڠ (abang), from Old Malay habaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *abaŋ (*aba + *-ŋ), *aba (“father”).

Umur abang saya lebih besar tiga tahun.

My brother is three years older than me.

Nanti malam aku akan ke rumah abang.

Tonight, I will go to my elder brother's house.

(literally or figuratively, chiefly Sumatra, West Kalimantan and Jakarta) elder brother

chiefly Sumatra; West Kalimantan and Jakarta; chiefly Sumatra; West Kalimantan and Jakarta

elder brother
anyone slightly older than self

(chiefly West Kalimantan, Sumatra) a form of address to the husband in a marriage or marital relationship

chiefly West Kalimantan; Sumatra; chiefly West Kalimantan; Sumatra


tobiko

From Japanese 飛び子 (とびこ, tobiko, “roe of the flying fish”), from 飛魚 (とびうお, tobiuo, “flying fish”) + 子 (こ, ko, “roe”).


lok

(rail transport) Apocopic form of lokomotif (“locomotive”)


ADHD

gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas

(colloquial, neurology, psychiatry, psychology) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD


parameter

Borrowed from Dutch parameter, from French paramètre, from New Latin parametrum (“parameter”), from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

(sciences) a variable that describes a property or characteristic of some system (material, object, event etc.) or some aspect thereof.

(statistics) any measured quantity of a statistical population that summarises or describes an aspect of the population.

(machine learning) A variable of a model that is trained by a machine learning algorithm.

(programming) An input variable of a function definition, that gets an actual value (argument) at execution time.


bum

(economics, business) boom (a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity)


prop

From English prop (“property”), or a clipping of properti.

(art) property, an item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.


neo-

From Ancient Greek νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group.

(organic chemistry) Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound.


kala

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

der

(geology) epoch: a geochronologic unit of hundreds of thousands to millions of years; a subdivision of a period, and subdivided into ages (or sometimes subepochs).

(grammar) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

(linguistics, grammar, countable) An inflected form of a verb that indicates tense.


peta

From Malay peta, perhaps from Sanskrit भूपट (bhūpaṭa, “map”) as भू (bhū, “earth”) + पट (paṭa, “garment”). Similar construction in Latin mappa mundī (“map”), compound of mappa (“napkin, cloth”) + mundus (“world”).

compound

(geography) map (a visual representation of an area, whether real or imaginary, showing the relative positions of places and other features)


paha

Inherited from Malay paha, from Proto-Malayic *paha(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”).


PSP

pemegang saham pengendali
pemegang saham pengendali#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of pemegang saham pengendali (“controlling stakeholder”).


program

From Dutch program, from Late Latin programma (“a proclamation, edict”), from Ancient Greek πρόγραμμα (prógramma, “a written public notice, an edict”). Doublet of programa.
* For the sense in computing, semantic loan from English program.

der

(computing) a software application, or a collection of software applications, designed to perform a specific task.


toga

Borrowed from Dutch toga, from Latin toga.

(education) cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)


toga

tanaman obat keluarga
tanaman obat keluarga#Indonesian

(pharmacy, healthcare) Acronym of tanaman obat keluarga (literally “family medicinal plant(s)”).


novel

From Dutch novelle, from Italian novella, from Latin novella, feminine of novellus. Doublet of novela and novelet.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, longer than a novella.


antipasto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian antipasto (literally “before the meal”).

ubor

(cooking) antipasto: an Italian starter for a meal; normally a cold assortment of salami, cheese, seafood and vegetables.


term

tèrm (canonical)
term-term (plural)
terma (alternative)

From Dutch term, from French terme, from Old French terme, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end; in Medieval Latin, also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).

der

(logic) the subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.


ad hominem

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ad hominem


umlaut

From English umlaut, from German Umlaut in the 19ᵗʰ century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”).


protein

protéin (canonical)
protein-protein (plural)
protin (alternative)

From Dutch proteïne, from French protéine and German Protein, both coined based on Ancient Greek πρωτεῖος (prōteîos, “primary”), from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).


rok

(music) rock, a style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals.


morendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian morendo.


prestissimo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian prestissimo.


moderato

Unadapted borrowing from Italian moderato.


cantabile

Unadapted borrowing from Italian cantabile.

(music) cantabile, singingly, lyrically.


crescendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian crescendo, from Latin crēscendum (“increasing, growing”), gerund of crēscō.

der

(music) crescendo: An instruction to play gradually more loudly, denoted by a long, narrow angle with its apex on the left ( < ).


umami

From Japanese 旨味(うまみ) (umami), from 旨い (umai, “delicious”), which describes the quality of a pleasant, savory taste.

(cooking) umami: one of the five basic tastes, the savory taste of foods such as seaweed, cured fish, aged cheeses and meats.


fortissimo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian fortissimo.


pianissimo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian pianissimo.


allegretto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian allegretto.


PDB

produk domestik bruto
produk domestik bruto#Indonesian

(economics) Initialism of produk domestik bruto.


bias

Borrowed from English bias, from French biais.

(statistics) the difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.

(acoustics, optics) the turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.


epistola

èpistola (canonical)
epistola-epistola (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin epistola, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ), from ἐπιστέλλω (epistéllō, “I send a message”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I prepare, send”).

(Christianity) nonstandard spelling of epistel (“epistle”).


media

media (canonical)
média (canonical)
medium (alternative)

* From Dutch media, from Latin media.
* Semantic loan from English media.

(biology) a nutrient solution for the growth.

medium,
a nutrient solution for the growth.

(computing) a particular form of storage for digitized information, such as magnetic tape or discs.


filter

From Dutch filter, from French filtre, from Medieval Latin filtrum (compare also Old French feutre (“felt; filter”)), from Frankish *filtir, from Proto-West Germanic *felt.

(electronics, physics) electronics or software that separates unwanted signals (for example noise) from wanted signals or that attenuates selected frequencies.


adagio

Borrowed from English adagio, from Italian adagio.

(music) a tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully

adagio
(music) a passage having this mark

(dance) a male-female duet or mixed trio ballet displaying demanding balance, spins and/or lifts


awan

Inherited from Malay awan, from Proto-Malayic *awan, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawan.

(astronomy) cloud (any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass)


keluarga

kêluarga (canonical)
keluarga-keluarga (plural)

From Malay keluarga (“family”). Compare to Javanese ꦏꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kulawarga) and ꦏꦮꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒ (kawulawarga).

(set theory) class (a collection of sets definable by a shared property)


kakak

From Malay kakak (“older sister”), from Classical Malay kakak, from Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
* For sense of older brother, semantic loan from Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”) and semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).
* For sense of form of address to husband in marital relationship, semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).

sl

ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀

ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀

(literally or figuratively, formal) older sibling


asin

From Malay asin, from Proto-Malayic *(mA-)hasin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qasin, from Proto-Austronesian *qasiN.


tenor

* From Dutch tenor, from Italian tenore, from Latin tenor.
* Semantic loan from English tenor for sense of time to maturity of a bond.

(music) a musical range or section higher than bass and lower than alto.

(music) a person, instrument or group that performs in the tenor (higher than bass and lower than alto) range.

tenor:
(finance) time to maturity of a bond.


agio

From Dutch agio, from Italian aggio, from Old Occitan aize, from Vulgar Latin *adjace(m), from Latin adjacēns, present participle of adjaceō (compare Medieval Latin in aiace).


ala

(law) land, with the owner or descendants still have the main rights in that land.


ala

Learned borrowing from Latin āla (“wing”).

lbor

(anatomy) a wing or winglike anatomic process or part, especially of bone.

(botany) the flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family.


data

(computing) a representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process.


alba

Learned borrowing from Latin alba (as in tunica alba (“white tunic”), vestis alba (“white garment”)), feminine of albus (“white”).

(Catholicism) alb: a long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.


albatros

Borrowed from Dutch albatros, from English albatross, from Spanish alcatraz or Portuguese alcatraz, from Arabic الْغَطَّاس (al-ḡaṭṭās, “the diver”).

(zoology) any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.

(zoology) any of various African and Asian pierid butterflies of the genus Appias. Some species of this genus are also known as puffins.


tempe

→ Dutch: tempé

→ French: tempeh, tempé

→ English: tempeh

Possibly from Old Javanese tumpi (a food made from starch and tempeh) or Indonesian tapai (“fermentation”).


baud

Borrowed from English baud, from French baud. Named for French inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot (1845-1903).

(telecommunications) baud: a unit of data transmission symbol rate; the number of signalling events per second.


ego

From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of eke.


Claudia

Claudia Scheunemann, b. 2009

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Claudia


web

From English web, from Middle English webbe, from Old English webb, from Proto-Germanic *wabją, from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).


flan

From English flan, from French flan (“cheesecake, custard tart, flan”), or in some uses (in reference to Spanish/Latin American flans) later from Spanish flan (itself from the French), both from Old French flaon (whence also Middle English flaon, flaun (“pie; cake”)), from Late Latin fladonem, accusative of fladō (“flat cake”), from Frankish *flaþō (“flat cake”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂t- (“broad, flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to spread out, be broad, be flat”).

der

(cooking) flan: baked tart with sweet or savoury filling in an open-topped pastry case.


din

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


palisade

palisadê (canonical)
palisade-palisade (plural)
palisad (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch palissade, from French palissade.

(military) a wall of wooden stakes, used as a defensive barrier.

palisade:
(biology) an even row of cells.


virus

Borrowed from Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

(metonymically) a disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.

(computing) a type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data.


Abdul

From Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd, “servant [of]”) + ال (al-, “the”).

a male given name from Arabic used by Muslims


aba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧ (aba, “sign, sound; order, command; to order, command; spoken word; to say, to speak”).

bor+

signals in the form of knocking sounds on walls and so on which are usually heard before the death of a family member


les

Borrowed from Dutch les (“course, lesson”), from Middle Dutch lesse, from Latin lēctiō.

(education, colloquial) cram school, private tuition.


les

(education, colloquial) to cram, to study hard, to learn at cram school.


porta

Learned borrowing from Latin porta, from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (“to pass through/over”), probably as a feminine nominalization of *pr-tó- (“passed (through), crossed”). Doublet of portal.


deus ex machina

id-noun

deus ex machina (plural deus-deus ex machina)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin deus ex machina, calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēkhanês theós, literally “god from the machine”).

calque

ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός


breve

Borrowed from Dutch breve (“breve”), from Latin brevis (“short”).

(orthography) breve: a semicircular diacritical mark (˘) placed above a vowel, commonly used to mark its quantity as short.


jus

From English deuce, from Middle English dewes (“two”), from Anglo-Norman, from Old French deus, from Latin duo.

(sports, tennis) deuce: A tied game where either player can win by scoring two consecutive points.


kondom

From Dutch condoom, from English condom.
* The sense of protective case or cover is comparable to the Dutch synonym kous (“condom, mantle”, literally “stocking, sock”).

(literal) condom: A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STDs.


komputer

komputêr (canonical)
komputer-komputer (plural)

From English computer. Doublet of kantor and konter.

(computing) computer, a programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media.


vagina

Learned borrowing from Latin vāgīna (“a sheath, scabbard; a covering, sheath, holder”).

lbor

(anatomy) A passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.


dos-à-dos

Unadapted borrowing from French dos-à-dos (literally “back-to-back”).

ubor

(dance) dos a dos: a move in square dancing in which two dancers face each other, then step forward and left until they have right shoulders adjacent, then move to a position where they are back to back, then move to have left shoulders adjacent, then return to facing each other.


mes

From English mesh, from Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).

der

a structure made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material, with evenly spaced openings between them.

the opening or space enclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot, or the threads enclosing such a space.


mes

From Dutch mes (“blade”), from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Cognate of Japanese メス (mesu, “medical knife”) and Korean 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”).

Kemudian tampak fasia, diinsisi dengan memberikan mes no 22 dan dijepit dengan memberikan pinset cirurgis.

Fascia appeared, incised with 22 blade and clamped with surgical forceps.

Berikan mes no 15 dan pinset chirurgi pada operator untuk insisi kulit sampai fasia.

Give the blade 15 and surgical forceps to the operator for skin incision to the fascia.

(surgery, colloquial) scalpel, blade, medical knife.


aviator

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


golf

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English golf, most likely from Middle Dutch colve, colf (“club”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“club”).

(sports) golf: A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.


skala

skala-skala (plural)
sekala (alternative)

From Dutch schaal (“scale”) or Portuguese escala, form Latin scala.

(mathematics) radix: A mathematical base for a numeral system.

(Standard Malay)

(music) A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.


kobra

From Dutch cobra, from Portuguese cobra, from Latin colubra (“snake”).

venomous snake from certain genera of the family Elapidae, especially of the genus Naja.

(zoology) cobra:
especially Indian cobra (Naja naja).


Andreas

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀνδρέᾱς (Andréās).

lbor

a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Andrew


politik

From Malay politik, from Dutch politiek (“politics”), from French politique, from Ancient Greek πολιτική (politikḗ, “relating to the state; politics”), πόλις (pólis, “city, state”). By analogy with Aristotle’s "τα πολιτικά" ('affairs of state').

der

(politics) a methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement.


visum

From Dutch visum, from Latin visum (“something seen”).

visum et repertum
visum et repertum#Indonesian

(colloquial, medicine, law) short for visum et repertum (“coroner report/professional witness statement”, literally “seen and discovered”).


diameter

From Dutch diameter, from French diamètre, from Latin diametrus, from Ancient Greek διάμετρος (diámetros).


senator

Borrowed from Dutch senator, from Latin senātor, ultimately from senex (“old”).

(government) a member, normally elected, in the house or chamber of a legislature called a senate, as, for instance, the legislatures of the United States and Canada.


lima

From Malay lima, from Proto-Malayic *lima(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


integral

Borrowed from Dutch integraal (“integral”), from French intégral, from Medieval Latin integrālis, from Latin integer (“entire”).

bor+

(mathematics) relating to integration (“the process of finding the integral [noun] of a function”).


integral

intêgral (canonical)
integral-integral (plural)


judoka

From Japanese 柔道家 (じゅうどうか, jūdōka, “judo practitioner”).

bor

じゅうどうか, jūdōka


aperitif

From Dutch aperitief, from French apéritif (literally “opening”), from Medieval Latin aperītīvus (“opening”, adjective).


slot

From English slot, from Old French esclot, likely from Old Norse slóð (“track”).

(computing) slot (a space in memory or on disk)

(gambling) Clipping of mesin slot (“slot, slot machine”)


siap

From Malay siap, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *srap (“ready, prepared”) (compare Khmer ស្រាប់ (srap, “ready”) and Vietnamese sắp. Compare to Japanese 気(き)を付(つ)け (kiotsuke, “attention”) and Malay sedia for military command.

(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position.


plot

From Dutch plot, from English plot, from Middle English plot, plotte, from Old English plot (“a plot of ground”), from Proto-Germanic *plataz, *platjaz (“a patch”), of uncertain origin.


acar

From Malay acar, from Classical Malay اچر (acar), from Classical Persian آچار (āčār, “pickle, marinade”). Doublet of acara, acarya, ajar, and hajar.


aksara

From Malay aksara, from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara, “syllable, letter”).

der

(of a writing system) Synonym of huruf (“letter”)


pawana

Inherited from Malay pawana, from Sanskrit पवन (pavana).


misa

From Malay misa, borrowed from Portuguese missa (“mass”), from Old Galician-Portuguese missa, from Late Latin missa (“mass”), from Latin mittō (“I send”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange, remove”). Doublet of mes.


editor

From English editor, from Medieval Latin ēditor, from Late Latin ēditor, from ēditus, perfect passive participle of ēdō (“give out, put forth, publish”).

(computing) a program for creating and making changes to files, especially text files.


teh

From Malay teh (“tea”), from Hokkien 茶 (tê).

Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensis#Translingual


gema

(physics) a reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

(physics) an utterance repeating what has just been said.


bea

béa (canonical)
bea-bea (plural)
bia (alternative)
beja (alternative)

zh-l

傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

→ Min Nan: 傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

Inherited from Malay bea, from Javanese ꦧꦺꦪ (béya), from Old Javanese beya, from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya). Doublet of biaya.
* Displaced Dutch recht (“a formal fee, custom, duty to be paid”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(law, government) customs: the duties or taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.


pala

Borrowed from Italian palla, from Latin palla, of uncertain origin.

(Catholicism) a cloth used to cover a chalice during services.


matra

From Sanskrit मात्रा (mātrā, “measure”). Doublet of meter.
* Displaced Dutch dimensie (“dimension”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

matra,
(music) a measure of cadence pressure.


limit

Internationalism, from Dutch limiet, from Middle Dutch limiten, from Old French limite, from Latin līmes.

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).


model

Borrowed from Dutch model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus. Doublet of mode, modern, modul, and modus.

doublet

(biology, medicine) an organism or species that is used to study an aspect of physiology or pathophysiology or a particular disease; often, a nonhuman one used to approximate processes in humans.

(psychology) role model, a person who serves as an example, whose behavior is emulated by others


model

(cooking) pempek is filled with tofu and eaten with clear sauce like soup.


bayonet

From Dutch bajonet, from French baïonnette.

(military) a pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.

(engineering) a pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.


guru

From Malay guru, ultimately Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “guru, teacher, sage”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”). Doublet of brutal and bruto.

der

(education) teacher: a person who teaches, especially one employed in a school.

specifically, graduate of teacher professional education.

guru: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya.


magnet

magnet-magnet (plural)
maknit (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch magneet, from Middle Dutch magneet, from older magnes, from Latin magnēs, from Ancient Greek μαγνήτης λίθος (magnḗtēs líthos).

μαγνήτης λίθος

(electromagnetism) a piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism.


pastor

pastor-pastor (plural)
pastur (alternative)

From Dutch pastoor, from Middle Dutch pastōor, from Latin pāstor, from pāscō (“to feed, maintain, pasture, graze”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”).

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) parish priest


malaria

From Dutch malaria, from Italian malaria, formed from mal- (“bad”) and aria (“air”).

(medicine) malaria, a disease spread by mosquito, in which a protozoan, Plasmodium, multiplies in blood every few days.


hidrogen

* From Malay hidrogen, from English hydrogen
* From Dutch hydrogenium, from New Latin hydrogenium
Both from French hydrogène, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) + γεννάω (gennáō).


master

id-noun

mastêr (plural master-master or para master)

mastêr (canonical)
master-master (plural)
para master (plural)

From Dutch master. Doublet of maestro, magister, and mester.

doublet

(education) master (a type of postgraduate degree, usually undertaken after a bachelor degree)


lateral

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

(phonetics, phonology) pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage.


lateral

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)

(anatomy) an object, such as a passage or a protrusion, that is situated on the side of something else.

(phonetics, phonology) A sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral).


panel

berpanel

panelled, having a panel; having a board

(comics) panel (an individual frame or drawing in a comic)


semen

sèmèn (canonical)
semen-semen (plural)
sémen (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin sēmen (“semen, seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow; plant”).

der

(medicine) semen, the fluid, produced in male reproductive organs of an animal, that contains the reproductive cells.


hentai

From English hentai, a semantic shift from Japanese 変態(へんたい) (hentai, “pervert”).


imam

Inherited from Malay امام (imam), from Arabic إمام (ʔimām, “leader, imam”).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">imam</i>


poligon

Borrowed from Dutch polygoon (“polygon”), from French polygone, from Latin polygōnum, from Ancient Greek πολύγωνον (polúgōnon).


surat

(Islam) alternative form of surah (“sura”).


emas

id-noun

êmas (countable and uncountable, plural emas-emas)

êmas (canonical)
emas-emas (plural)
mas (alternative)

Inherited from Malay emas. See there for further etymology.


pilar

From Dutch pilaar, from Medieval Latin pīlāre, from Latin pīla (“a pillar”).

(architecture) a large post, often used as supporting architecture.

(nautical) mast: a tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, the sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires.


anode

anodê (canonical)
anode-anode (plural)
انود (alternative)
anoda (alternative)

From Dutch anode, from English anode, from Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) and ὁδός (hodós, “path”), forming the New Greek compound ἄνοδος (ánodos).


aorta

From Dutch aorta, from Latin aorta, from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”).

der

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.


atrium

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

atrium:
(anatomy) cavity, entrance, or passage.

(anatomy) one of two upper chambers of the heart.

atrium:
one of two upper chambers of the heart.


basal

From Dutch basalt, from French basalte, from Middle French basalte, from Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”).

(geology) basalt: a hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.


basal

(anatomy, histology) associated with the base of an organism or structure.

(medicine) of a minimal level that is necessary for maintaining the health or life of an organism.


baton

Borrowed from Dutch baton, from French bâton (“stick”).

(music) baton: the stick of a conductor in musical performances.


bezel

(computing) bezel: the area on the front of a computing device surrounding the display.


buret

(chemistry) burette: a glass tube with fine gradations and a stopcock at the bottom, used in laboratory procedures for accurate fluid dispensing and titration.


batik

From Javanese bathik (ꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətik (“tattoo”), from Proto-Austronesian *bəCik.

batik (a texture-picture drawing on a textile material by using wax)


diode

diodê (canonical)
diode-diode (plural)
diod (alternative)
dioda (alternative)


geyser

(geology, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of geiser (“geyser”)


junta

junta-junta (plural)
yunta (alternative)

(politics) junta: a council, convention, tribunal or assembly; the ruling council of a military dictatorship.


lavabo

a ritual involving the washing of one's hands at a church's offertory before handling the Eucharist.

the small towel used to dry the priest's hands following the ritual.

a washbasin, the one in a church used in the ritual.


motif

From Dutch motief, from Middle Dutch motijf, from Old French motif (Modern French motif), from Late Latin mōtivus.

(music, literature) A short melodic or lyrical passage that is repeated in several parts of a work.

(law) motive (something which causes someone to want to commit a crime; a reason for criminal behaviour)


neural

(biology) of, or relating to the nerves, neurons or the nervous system.

(computing) modelled on the arrangement of neurons in the brain.


pion

→ Malay: pion

From Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


rondo

From Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of raun, ronda, and ronde.

(music) rondo: a musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.


serum

Borrowed from Dutch serum (“serum”), from Latin serum.

(hematology) the clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.

(immunology) blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.


sial

Blend of silika + alumina, borrowed from English sial.


sima

Blend of silika + magnesia, borrowed from English sima (“lower layer of Earth's outer crust”).

bor+

(geology) sima: The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium.


sima

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

der

(archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes


situs

site:
(archaeology) archaeological site.


taring

From Malay taring,
from Classical Malay taring.


tas

→ Ternate: tas

From Dutch tas, from Middle Dutch tassche, tasche, from Old Dutch *taska, from Frankish, from Proto-Germanic *taskǭ. Compare Old High German tasca (modern German Tasche), Middle Low German taske, English tasse.


troika

From Russian тро́йка (trójka, “a group of three”).

bor

(transport) troika: a Russian carriage drawn by a team of three horses abreast.


bait

Inherited from Malay bait, from Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)

(literature) stanza (a unit of a poem, often in the form of a paragraph)


diabetes

diabetês (canonical)
diabet (alternative)

(medicine) diabetes, a general term referring to any of various disorders characterized by excessive urination (polyuria).

diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus#English

(medicine, colloquial) diabetes mellitus, a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia


dispersal

(demography) the act or result of dispersing or scattering; dispersion.


fauna

From Dutch fauna, from New Latin fauna, from Latin Fauna, sister of Faunus (“god of forests and herdsmen”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₂w-.

(zoology) animals considered as a group; especially those of a particular country, region, time.

(zoology) a book, cataloguing the animals of a country.


lot

→ Balinese: ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “lottery”)

From Dutch lot, from Proto-Germanic *hlutą.

(manufacturing) a separate portion; a number of things taken collectively.


meiosis

Borrowed from English meiosis, from Ancient Greek μείωσις (meíōsis, “a lessening”).

der

(cytology) meiosis: cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes.


mime

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch mime, from French mime, from Latin mimus, from Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos).


psalm

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch psalm, from Latin psalmus, from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós, “the sound emanating from twitching or twanging perhaps with the hands or fingers, mostly of musical strings”)


stadium

From Dutch stadium (“stadium, life stage; stage, phase”), from Latin stadium (“a measure of length, a race course”), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “a measure of length, a running track”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Doublet of stadion.

der

(biology) stadium: a life stage of an organism.

kanker payudara stadium IV


amnesia

From Ancient Greek ἀμνησία (amnēsía, “forgetfulness”), a noun derivation from μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō, “to remind, to remember”).


taper

Borrowed from English taper, from Middle English taper, from Old English tapor (“taper, candle, wick of a lamp”), of uncertain origin.

(road transport) taper, a tapering form; gradual diminution of thickness and/or cross section in an elongated object.

(pharmacology) taper; gradual reduction over time


laksa

From Malay laksa, from Classical Malay لقسا (laksa), from Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa, “hundred thousand”).


viral

(computing, virology) of or relating to virus; caused by a virus.

(advertising, marketing, social media) circulated rapidly and widely from one user to another.


pil

From Dutch pil (“pill”), from Middle Dutch pille, from Medieval Latin pilla, from Latin pilula, diminutive of pila (“ball”).

(medicine, pharmacy) pill: a small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication.


caisson

Unadapted borrowing from French caisson (“caisson”), from Old Occitan caisson, caissa.

ubor

(engineering) caisson: an enclosure from which water can be expelled, in order to give access to underwater areas for engineering works etc.


mineral

Borrowed from Dutch mineraal (“mineral”), from Old French mineral, (French minéral), from Medieval Latin minerale, from minera (“ore”), probably ultimately derived from Latin mina (“ore, mine”).

bor+

(geology) any naturally occurring material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties; especially, an inorganic one.

(biochemistry, nutrition, physiology) any inorganic element that is essential to nutrition; a dietary mineral.


FT

(education) Initialism of fakultas teknik.


larghetto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian larghetto, diminutive of largo.


Anne

Pronunciations with final schwa are reinforced by Dutch Anne. Ultimately from French Anne.


organisme

From Dutch organisme, from French organisme.


cedilla

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish cedilla.


fungi

From Latin fungi (plural form of fungus).


rabies

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch rabiës, from Latin rabies (“madness”).

(pathology, neurology) rabies: an infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


reservoir

rêsérvoir (canonical)
reservoir-reservoir (plural)

From Dutch reservoir, from French réservoir.

(mining) a small intercellular space, often containing resin, essential oil, or some other secreted matter.

(biology) a species that acts as host to a zoonosis when it is not causing acute illness in other susceptible species.