menteri

id-noun

mêntêri (plural menteri-menteri or para menteri)

mêntêri (canonical)
menteri-menteri (plural)
para menteri (plural)
manti (alternative)
mentri (alternative)

From Malay menteri, from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, manti, and mantri.

(government) minister (politician who heads a ministry)

(chess) queen (a chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful)

(chess) bishop (the chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝)


sarung

Inherited from Malay sarung, from Proto-Malayic *saruŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saruŋ (“sheath, sheath-like container; to sheathe a weapon”).

inh

sarong (garment made of printed cloth wrapped about the waist)


panca

From Malay panca, from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


pasar

→ Dutch: pasar

From Malay pasar (“market”), from Tamil பசார் (pacār, “bazaar”), from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /wāzār/, “market”). Doublet of bazar.

der

(linguistics) colloquial; vernacular; vulgar


ribu

From Malay ribu, from Proto-Malayic *ribu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀibu.


rokok

Aku baru saja membeli sebungkus rokok.


rotan

Affixed raut + -an, inherited from Malay rotan.

rattan (Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus.)


roti

From Malay roti, from Tamil ரொட்டி (roṭṭi), from Sanskrit रोटी (roṭī), रोटिका (roṭikā, “bread”).

bread: foodstuff made by baking dough made from cereals.


sakar

sagar (alternative)
syagar (alternative)
syakar (alternative)

From Malay sakar, probably via Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂.

sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)

(medicine) blood sugar: the amount of glucose in a person's blood.


sakar

From Malay sakar, from Minangkabau [Term?].


susu

Inherited from Malay susu, from Proto-Malayic *susu(ʔ) (“breast”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu. The current sense of "milk" is developed from "breast" (commonly displaced by payudara) → "breast milk" (now replaced by the specific term air susu ibu, literally "mother's milk water") → "milk" (generalized to all types of milk).

a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young. From certain animals, especially cows, it is also called dairy milk and is a common food for humans as a beverage or used to produce various dairy products such as butter, cheese, and yogurt.

a white (or whitish) liquid obtained from a vegetable source such as almonds, coconuts, oats, rice, and/or soy beans. Also called non-dairy milk.

Aku minum segelas susu setiap hari.


tahu

→ Ternate: tahu

From Malay tauhu, from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū, “tofu, bean curd”), from Middle Chinese 豆 (dùw, “bean”) + 腐 (bjú, “rotten, fermented”). Doublet of tofu.

Ibu sedang membuat tahu bacem.


telur

têlur (canonical)
telor (alternative)
teloer (alternative)

From Malay telur, from Classical Malay telur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, *qatəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.


marga

* Ultimately from Pali magga (“oath; road”) and Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “reach, range; mark, scar; track of a wild animal”), vṛddhi derivative of मृग (mṛga, “game animal; deer”).
** Inherited from Malay marga (“wild animal”), from Classical Malay marga, from Old Malay margga (“track, way”) (as in Talang Tuwo inscription (684 CE), compare to Balinese ᬫᬵᬃᬕ᭄ᬕ), came from above.
** The sense of clan is a semantic loan from Toba Batak marga (“clan”), came from above.
** The sense of hamlet is a semantic loan from Musi marga (“hamlet”), came from above.
** The sense of road is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦂꦒ (marga, “road”), came from above.
* The sense of family name is a semantic loan from Dutch familienaam (“family name”) as semantic extension of clan.
* The sense in taxonomy is a semantic loan from Dutch geslacht (“genus”, literally “linage, generation”) and Latin genus (literally “group; type, class; lineage, descent”) as semantic extension of clan.

sl

a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief.

(anthropology) clan:
specifically, the marga, Batak clan.

(biology, taxonomy) genus, a rank in the classification of organisms, below family and above species; a taxon at that rank.


nadi

From Malay nadi, from Sanskrit नाडी (nāḍī, “blood vessel”), नड (naḍá, a species of reed), a corruption of नद (nadá, “river; penis”), Sanskrit नदी (nadī́, “flowing water, river”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *nadíH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadíH (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ned-ih₂, from *ned- (“thundering, roaring, rushing”) + *-íh₂.

suf

(anatomy) artery: any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.

(anatomy) aorta: the great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

(physiology) pulse: a normally regular beat felt when arteries are depressed, caused by the pumping action of the heart.


buaya

From Malay buaya, from Proto-Malayic *buhaya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.


duli

From Malay duli, from Sanskrit धूलि (dhūli).


keti

From Malay keti, from Sanskrit कोटि (kōṭi, “ten million”). Doublet of kodi.

hundred thousand
hundred thousand#English


pada

(literature) pada: The basic metric unit of Vedic poetry, consisting of one line of verse in Sanskrit, typically as part of a four-line stanza.


pria

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रिय (priya, “beloved”). Doublet of priayi.


pugar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦸꦒꦼꦂ (puger). Semantic loan from Dutch herstellingsteken for music sense of natural.

sl

(music) natural: The symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.


ratu

From Malay ratu, from Old Javanese ratu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Doublet of datu and datuk.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ratu (ꦫꦠꦸ).
* For sense of the most powerful piece in chess, semantic loan from Dutch koningin.
* For sense of powerful or forceful female, semantic loan from English queen.

(chess) the most powerful piece, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.


seri

séri (canonical)
seri-seri (plural)
siri (alternative)

From Dutch serie (“series”), from French série, from Latin series.

(broadcasting) a television or radio program which consists of several episodes that are broadcast in regular intervals.


berat

From Malay berat, from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Doublet of bobot.


arus

From Malay arus, from Proto-Malayic *harus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀus. Semantic loan from Dutch stroom (“electrical current”, literally “flow; small stream”).

(electricity, electronics) electric current: the amount of electric charge flowing in each unit of time.


pusa

Inherited from Malay pusa (“urge, impuls”). The sense of physical momentum is a semantic loan from Dutch impuls.

inh+

(mechanics) momentum: of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity.


GPM

Gereja Protestan Maluku
w:id:Gereja Protestan Maluku

(Protestantism) initialism of Gereja Protestan Maluku.


fiche

Unadapted borrowing from French fiche (“card (in a file); record”).

ubor

(information science) card, like a punch card, microfiche or file card


kuku

From Malay kuku, from Proto-Malayic *kuku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.

(anatomy) a curved, pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot of a mammal, reptile, or bird.

(anatomy) hoof: the tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering.


saus

saus-saus (plural)
saos (alternative)
sos (alternative)

From Dutch saus (compare to Afrikaans sous), from Middle Dutch sause, from Old French sauce, from Latin salsus (“salt”).

Elemen cita rasa sajian Thailand terdiri dari empat rasa: manis, pedas, asam (dari cuka, air jeruk nipis, dan air asam), dan asin (dari kecap asin, saus ikan).

Thailand cuisine consist of four tastes, i.e. sweet, hot, sour (from vinegar, lime and sour liquid) and salty (from salted soy sauce, fish sauce).

(cooking) sauce, a liquid (often thickened) condiment or accompaniment to food.


lubang

lubang-lubang (plural)
lobang (alternative)

From Malay lubang, from Proto-Malayic *lubaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lubaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *lubaŋ (“burial pit”). Doublet of lowong and luang.

der

(physics) in semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.


perahu

pêrahu (canonical)
perahu-perahu (plural)

Inherited from Malay perahu, from Proto-Malayic *pərahu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀaqu (compare Tongan folau).


luak

Borrowed from Minangkabau luak (“well”). Doublet of lurah.


buluh

From Malay buluh, from Proto-Malayic *buluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buluq (compare Malagasy volo), from Proto-Austronesian *buluq.

(botany) culm (the stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge)


guruh

From Malay guruh, from kuruh, from Proto-Malayic *kuruh (compare Malay guruh), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuʀuq (compare Chamorro hulu, Fijian kuru).


luah

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lwah (“river”) (compare to Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦃ (loh) and Balinese ᬮᬸᬯᬄ (luah)).

lbor

(agriculture) the volume of liquid flowing through a surface per unit time


hidung

hidung-hidung (plural)
hidoeng (alternative)

From Malay hidung, from Proto-Malayic *hiduŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, *ujuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *mujiŋ.


nanah

Inherited from Malay nanah, from Proto-Malayic *nanah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.

pus (fluid found in regions of infection)


dahi

(anatomy) forehead (part of face above eyebrows)


daun

id-noun

daun (plural deduan or dedaunan or daun-daun)

deduan (plural)
dedaunan (plural)
daun-daun (plural)

Inherited from Malay daun, from Proto-Malayic *daun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.


Agatha

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀγαθή (Agathḗ), feminine of ἀγαθός (agathós, “good”).

a female given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Agatha


pusat

Inherited from Malay pusat, from Proto-Malayic *pusət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj.

(anatomy) navel: the indentation or bump remaining in the abdomen of mammals where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.


kumis

From Malay kumis, from Proto-Malayic *kumis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kumis.


SPP

surat persetujuan pembayaran
surat persetujuan pembayaran#Indonesian

(business) Initialism of surat persetujuan pembayaran.

(education) Initialism of sumbangan pembinaan pendidikan.

surat perjanjian penerbitan
surat perjanjian penerbitan#Indonesian

(printing) Initialism of surat perjanjian penerbitan.


tempura

Borrowed from Japanese 天麩羅 (てんぷら, tenpura), from Portuguese, ultimately from Latin. Different dictionaries link two different original terms:
* Portuguese tempero (“seasoning”) or tempera (“he/she/it seasons; season!”), third-person present singular or imperative tense of temperar (“to season, to temper”), from Latin temperare (“to mix, to temper”).
* Portuguese têmpora (“Ember days”), from Latin tempora, plural of tempus (“time; period”). When Portuguese explorers (mostly Jesuit missionaries) arrived in Japan, they abstained from eating beef, pork, and poultry during the Ember days, a Catholic series of holidays. Instead, they ate fried vegetables and fish. This was the first contact of the Japanese with fried food, and since then they began associating the Portuguese word têmpora (which they pronounced tenpura) with such food.

(cooking) A Japanese dish made by deep-frying vegetables, seafood, or other foods in a light batter.

Daijirin
Daijisen
Ember days
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
id:tempura
ja:松村明


dumping

(trading) dumping: selling goods at less than their normal price, especially in the export market as a means of securing a monopoly.


dirigisme

Borrowed from Dutch dirigisme, from French dirigisme.

(politics) dirigisme: a policy of strong state control over the economy and related social matters.


Lukas

From Latin Lūcās, from Koine Greek Λουκᾶς (Loukâs).

(biblical) The Gospel of St. Luke, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the third of the four gospels.


arde

From Dutch aarde (“earth”), from Middle Dutch āerde, from Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-Germanic *erþō. Cognate to Afrikaans aarde.

kabel arde


lup

From Dutch loep (“magnifying glass”), from French loupe, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”).

der

magnifying glass
magnifying glass#English


hapax legomena

id-noun

hapax legomena (plural hapax-hapax legomena)

Internationalism, Ancient Greek ἅπαξ λεγόμενον (hápax legómenon, “(something) said only once”), from ἅπαξ (hápax, “once”) and λεγόμενον (legómenon), passive participle of λέγω (légō, “say”).

der

ἅπαξ λεγόμενον

(linguistics) hapax legomenon: a word occurring only once in a given corpus.


ratas

(management) Acronym of rapat terbatas (literally “limited meeting”).


profesor

Borrowed from Dutch professor, from Middle Dutch professoor, from Latin professor (“declarer, person who claims knowledge”), from the past participle stem of profiteor (“profess”).

professor (the most senior rank for an academic at a university or similar institution)


odeon

Internationalism, from Ancient Greek ᾠδεῖον (ōideîon), from ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).


saka

satuan karya pramuka
satuan karya pramuka#Indonesian

(scouting) Acronym of satuan karya pramuka.


BU

(medicine, surgery) Initialism of bising usus (“peristalsis”).


alur

Inherited from Malay alur, from Proto-Malayic *halur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qaluʀ, from the root *-luʀ.

Ellipsis of alur air: water source located in the middle of agricultural land, ie. irrigation.


RL

(accounting) Initialism of risalah lelang (“auction report”).


MK

mahkamah konstitusi
mahkamah konstitusi#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of mahkamah konstitusi.


blok

From Dutch blok (“block”), from Middle Dutch blok, from Old Dutch *blok, from Proto-Germanic *blukką, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“thick plank, beam, pile, prop”). Cognate of Afrikaans blok.
* Semantic loan from English block for sense of (sport) an action to interfere.

(sports) an action to interfere with the movement of an opposing player or of the object of play (ball, puck).

(nautical) a case with one or more sheaves/pulleys, used with ropes to increase or redirect force, for example, as part of the rigging of a sailing ship.

(anesthesiology, neurology) deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief.


parut

(dermatology, pathology) cicatrice, scar: a permanent mark on the skin, sometimes caused by the healing of a wound.

(pathology) scar: an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue after an injury.


SKS

satuan kredit semester
satuan kredit semester#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of satuan kredit semester (“course credit”).

sistem kebut semalam
sistem kebut semalam#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sistem kebut semalam (“overnight cramming”, literally “overnight rush system”).


gir

Borrowed from English gear. Compare to Standard Malay géar.


Louisa

Grace Natalie Louisa, b. 1982

a female given name from English, equivalent to English Louisa


duk

From Dutch doek, from Middle Dutch doec, from Old Dutch *duok, from Proto-Germanic *dōkaz.

a piece of cloth:
(surgery, colloquial) drape.


regulator

(genetics) a gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes.


Valerie

Borrowed from English Valerie, from French Valérie.

Agatha Valerie Mamahit, b. 1999

a female given name from English [in turn from French]


kapel

From Dutch kapel, from Middle Dutch capelle, ultimately from Latin cappella. Doublet of kapela.

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) chapel: a place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church.


paus

From Dutch paus, from Middle Dutch paus, paues, pauwes, from Old French papes (compare German Papst), from Medieval Latin pāpa (“bishop, pope”), from Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, “bishop”), variant of πάππας (páppas, “father”), of imitative origin.

Paus adalah pemimpin tertinggi Gereja Katolik.

Pope is the highest leader of the Catholic Church.


kanker

kankêr (canonical)
kanker-kanker (plural)
kangker (alternative)
کنسر (alternative)

From Dutch kanker (“cancer”), from Middle Dutch canker, from New Latin cancer. Cognate of Afrikaans kanker. Doublet of Kanser.

(oncology) a disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation.


beton

Borrowed from Dutch beton, from French béton, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitumen.

(real estate) concrete (a building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand)


mirin

From Japanese 味醂 (みりん, mirin), from 味 (み, mi, “flavour (UK); flavor (US)”) + 醂 (りん, rin, “remove astringency; bleach in water”).

(cooking) mirin, a type of Japanese sake used for cooking


Cynthia

Borrowed from English Cynthia, from Latin Cynthia.

a female given name from English [in turn from Latin]


Clarissa

Clarissa Goenawan, b. 1988

a female given name from Italian, equivalent to English Clarissa


bola

From Malay bola, from Portuguese bola, from Old Occitan bola, from Latin bulla. Doublet of bolu.

(mathematics) sphere: a regular three-dimensional object in which every cross-section is a circle; the figure described by the revolution of a circle about its diameter.


maho

Blend of manusia (“man”) + homo (“homosexual”).


kati

From Malay kati, from Tamil கட்டி (kaṭṭi).

A weight defined as 6¼ ons or 625 grams.


orde

From Dutch orde, from Middle Dutch ordene, from Old French ordene, from Latin ordō, ordinem. Doublet of rodi, order, ordi, ordo, and wardi.

doublet

reaksi orde dua

(chemistry) the overall power of the rate law of a chemical reaction, expressed as a polynomial function of concentrations of reactants and products.

(mathematics) the cardinality, or number of elements in a set, group, or other structure regardable as a set.


kasus

From Dutch casus, from Latin cāsus (“chance, event”), the past participle of cadō (“to fall, happen”).

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(linguistics, grammar) case (grammatical case)

(medicine, epidemiology) case (an instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms)


eka

From Malay eka, from Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *óykos.


kandela

Learned borrowing from Latin candēla (literally “candle”).

lbor

(optics) candela: In the International System of Units, the base unit of luminous intensity; the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. Symbol: cd


kolera

Learned borrowing from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra, “cholera”).

der

(pathology) cholera: Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.


lila

Borrowed from Dutch lila (“lilac”), from French lilas, from lilacs, the plural of lilac


murid

Inherited from Malay murid, from Arabic مُرِيد (murīd).


kartu

From Dutch kaart (“card”), from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus, paper”). Doublet of kardus, kartel, karton, katrij, and kertas.

doublet

(computing, electronics) a removable electronic device that may be inserted into a powered electronic device to provide additional capability.

printed circuit board
printed circuit board


bas relief

Unadapted borrowing from French bas-relief (“bas-relief”)

ubor

(sculpture) bas-relief: a low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.


samosa

From English samosa, from Hindi समोसा (samosā), from Classical Persian سنبوسه (sanbōsa).

(cooking) samosa: a snack, of Indian origin, consisting of a deep-fried triangular turnover filled with vegetables (especially potatoes) or meat.


abjad

From Malay abjad, from Classical Malay ابجد (abjad), from Arabic أَبْجَد (ʔabjad).


Ahmad

Achmad (alternative)
Akhmad (alternative)

a male given name from Arabic, variant of Akhmad


diktat

From Dutch dictaat, from Latin dictātum.


delapan

From Malay delapan, from Proto-Malayic *dua(ʔ) alap-an.


Adrianus

a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Adrian, mostly found on Christian Indonesians.


debitor

From English debitor, from Latin debitor.

(finance, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of debitur (“debitor, debtor”)


genom

(genetics) genome: the complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism.


da capo al fine

Unadapted borrowing from Italian da capo al fine.

(music) da capo al fine: repeat from the beginning up to the word fine ("end").


stadion

From Dutch stadion, from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion), from στάδιος (stádios), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Doublet of stadium.

(sports) stadium: a venue where sporting events are held.


Albertus

a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Albert, mostly used as the baptismal name on Christian Indonesians.


Arjuna

From Javanese ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Arjuna), from Sanskrit अर्जुन (arjuna).

a male given name from Javanese, Sanskrit, popular in South Asia.

A major character of the Mahabharata, a Sanskrit epic.


puru

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">puru</i>

(dermatology, pathology, uncountable) frambesia, parangi, pian, yaws: a contagious tropical disease, caused by the spirochete Treponema pertenue, characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, which often resemble berries.


sak

Borrowed from Dutch zak, from Middle Dutch sac, from Old Dutch sac, from Proto-Germanic *sakkuz, from Latin saccus. Doublet of saku.


konstanta

konstanta-konstanta (plural)
konstan (alternative)

From Dutch constante, from French constante, ultimately from Latin cōnstō.

(algebra) quantity that remains at a fixed value throughout a given discussion.

(computing) an identifier that is bound to an invariant value; a fixed value given a name to aid in readability of source code.


cincin

From Chinese [Term?] as per Blust (2010-), possibly Hokkien 手指 (chhiú-chí / chhiú-chái / chhiú-cháiⁿ). Compare Malay cincin (“ring”), Brunei Malay cincin (“ring”), Tagalog singsing (“ring”), Ilocano singsing (“ring”), Maranao sising (“ring”), Tausug singsing (“ring”), Khmer ចិញ្ចៀន (ceñciən, “ring”), etc.


zaman

From Malay zaman, from Persian زمان (zamân).

A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others.

era; time (a time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year)

period (a length of time in history seen as a single coherent entity)


audiometer

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch audiometer.

(medicine) audiometer: an instrument which is used to determine the acuity of hearing.


telinga

From Malay telinga, from Proto-Malayic *tAliŋa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taliŋa, from Proto-Austronesian *Caliŋa.


jari tangan

Compound of jari + tangan (“hand, arm”).

finger (similar looking extremity in an animal)


jari kaki

toe (each of the five digits on the end of the foot)


jari

From Malay jari, from Proto-Malayic *jari (“finger”). Cognate of Old Javanese jariji, Balinese ᬚ᭄ᬭᬶᬚᬶ (jriji), Javanese ꦢꦿꦶꦗꦶ (driji), Indonesian jeriji, Sundanese jariji.

(anatomy) a narrow extremity of the human hand or foot: a finger, thumb, or toe

(zoology) similar or similar-looking structures in other animals.


kanak

From Malay kanak, from Proto-Malayic *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.


provinsi

provinsi-provinsi (plural)
propinsi (alternative)

From Dutch provincie, from Middle Dutch provincie, from Latin prōvincia.

(government) province (a subdivision of government usually one step below the national level)


ammeter

(electricity) ammeter, amperemeter: a device that measures the magnitude of an electric current, especially one calibrated in amperes.


dekameter

dè‧ka‧mè‧têr

Affixed deka- + meter, from Dutch decameter, from French décamètre.

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10¹ meters. Symbol: dam


animator

Borrowed from English animator. Doublet of animater.

(art) animator, cartoonist: one who creates an animation or cartoon


SDA

sumber daya alam
sumber daya alam#Indonesian

(economics) Initialism of sumber daya alam (“natural resource”).


perut

From Malay perut, from Proto-Malayic *pərut.

Waktu itu engkau masih di dalam perut ibumu.

At that moment, you are in your mother's womb.


spirometer

spirometer (an instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs)


bebas

Ayah sudah bebas dari penjara.

Pekan ini mereka bebas dari pekerjaan mereka.

This week they are free from their jobs.

perangkat lunak bebas

(software) free (with very few limitations on distribution or improvement)


beban

From Malay beban. All “load” senses, except “burden” sense is a semantic loan from English load. The blasting sense is a semantic loan from English burden.

Adalah beban tarik maksimum yang akan menentukan seberapa besar kekuatan tarik dari material yang diuji.

(engineering) The force exerted on a structural component such as a beam, girder, cable etc.

Cara untuk memperbaiki rugi-rugi daya adalah dengan menyeimbangkan beban trafo distribusi pada jaringan distribusi.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) The electrical current or power delivered by a device.

Daya semu yaitu daya listrik yang masuk ke beban (motor).

(electrical engineering) Any component that draws current or power from an electrical circuit.

Waktu beban yang ideal untuk mengambil halaman adalah sekitar 3 detik atau kurang dari itu.

(computing) The process of loading something, i.e. transferring it into memory or over a network, etc.

(Standard Malay)

(business) amount of money levied for a service.

charge:
amount of money levied for a service.

beban penyusutan

beban penjualan


dependen

Borrowed from Dutch dependent (“dependent”), from Middle French dependant (present participle of dependre (“to depend”)) and Latin dēpendēns (present participle of dēpendeō (“to depend”)).

bor+

(statistics) having a probability that is affected by the outcome of a separate event.


doping

(sports) doping, the use of drugs to improve athletic performance.


amparan

(dialect, Java, construction) a kind of roof.


anestesia

anéstésia (canonical)
anestesi (alternative)
anastesi (alternative)

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
William T. G. Morton
id:anestesia

From Ancient Greek ἀναισθησία (anaisthēsía), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) with αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “sensation”). Coined in 1846 C.E. by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., in a letter to dentist William T. G. Morton, the first practitioner to publicly demonstrate the use of ether during surgery.

an artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.

the loss or prevention of sensation, as caused by anesthesia, lesion in the nervous system or other physical abnormality.


arbitrase

arbitrasê (canonical)
arbitrase-arbitrase (plural)
arbitrasi (alternative)
اربيترج (alternative)

From Dutch arbitrage, from French arbitrage. Semantic loan from English arbitrage.

(finance, trading) arbitrage: a market activity in which a security, commodity, currency or other tradable item is bought in one market and sold simultaneously in another, in order to profit from price differences between the markets.

a process through which two or more parties use an arbitrator or arbiter in order to resolve a dispute.

a form of justice where both parties designate a person whose ruling they will accept formally.


balado

Reconstructed as ber- (“to have, contain”) + lada (“chili pepper”), from Minangkabau balado.

af

(cooking) dish with stir fried ground red hot chili pepper seasoning with other spices including garlic, shallot, tomato and kaffir lime (leaves, fruit, or both) in coconut or palm oil.


balas

Borrowed from Dutch ballast, from Middle Dutch ballast.

(nautical) heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship (or in the gondola of a balloon), to provide stability.

(rail transport) Coarse gravel or similar material laid to form a bed for roads or railroads, or in making concrete.


besaran

From besar (“large; big; great; powerful”) + -an.

suf

(mathematics) a number, assigned to something, such that it may be compared to others numerically

of a vector, the norm, most commonly, the two-norm


curo

(cooking) churro: a fried pastry from Spain, typically eaten as a dessert and with chocolate beverage.


deposito

From Dutch deposito, from Italian deposito, from Latin deposito.

(finance) deposit, money placed in an account.


determinan

détèrminan (canonical)
determinan-determinan (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch determinant.

(Standard Malay)

(linear algebra) A scalar that encodes certain characteristics of a given transformation matrix; the unique scalar function over square matrices which is distributive over matrix multiplication, multilinear in the rows and columns, and takes the value 1 for the unit matrix.


dividen

dividén (canonical)
deviden (alternative)
dividen (alternative)

From Dutch dividend, from Middle French dividende (Modern French dividende), from Latin dividendum (“thing to be divided”), future passive participle of divido (“to divide”).

der

(arithmetic) a number or expression that is to be divided by another.

(finance, trading) a pro rata payment of money by a company to its shareholders, usually made periodically (eg, quarterly or annually).


domine

From Dutch dominee, from Latin domine, vocative of dominus.


kudus

From Malay kudus, from Arabic قُدُس (qudus).


firman

From Malay firman, from Classical Malay firman (“permission”), from Persian فرمان (farmân, “command, order, decree”). Doublet of permana.

Firman Allah

Ten Commandments
Ten Commandments#English

(Christianity) commandment (a divinely ordained command, especially one of the Ten Commandments)


harta

From Malay harta, from Classical Malay arta, harta, from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha, “meaning, wealth”). Doublet of arta, arti, and erti.


ikon

From Dutch icoon, from Latin īcōn, from Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”).


laman

Borrowed from Malay laman. Doublet of halaman.


lavase

(medicine) lavage: a washing of a hollow organ.


pasase

Reconstructed as pas + -ase, from Dutch passage, from Middle Dutch passage, from Middle French passage, from Old French passage.

(medicine) the act of passing; movement across or through.


limas

Inherited from Malay limas, from Classical Malay ليمس (limas), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limas.


pesan

(Standard Malay)

(literature) an underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something.


postulan

Borrowed from Dutch postulant, from French postulant.

(Catholicism) postulant: a person seeking admission to a religious order.


presiden

présidèn (canonical)
presiden-presiden (plural)

From Dutch president, from Middle Dutch president, from Old French president, from Latin praesidēns (“presiding over; president, leader”). Not inherited from Malay presiden, which is from English president.

(government, politics) the head of state of a republic, either in union with the head of government or separated from the head of government.

(management) primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.


prive

(accounting) the action of taking funds from an account or company holdings for individual use; drawing


majas

Derived from Arabic مَجَاز (majāz, “metaphor, allegory, figurative speech”).


pulsa

(physiology) a normally regular beat felt when arteries are depressed, caused by the pumping action of the heart.

(music) the beat or tactus of a piece of music.

pulse,
the beat or tactus of a piece of music.

(Standard Malay)


montase

montasê (canonical)
montase-montase (plural)
montaj (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch montage, from French montage.

(art) montage: A composite work, particularly an artwork, created by assembling or putting together other elements such as pieces of music, pictures, texts, videos, etc.


mutan

Borrowed from Dutch mutant, from Latin mutans.


novela

From from Italian novella, from Latin novella, feminine of novellus. Doublet of novela and novelet.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, shorter than a novel.


oferte

From Dutch offerte, from French offerte, offrir, from Old French ofrir, from Vulgar Latin *offerīre, from Latin offerre.

(trading) quotation: a price that has been quoted for buying or selling; the act of setting a price.


residen

résidèn (canonical)
residen-residen (plural)

→ Chinese: 挨實嗹 /挨实𪡏.

* From Malay residen, from Dutch resident, from French résident, from Latin residens, residentem.
* For sense of physician receiving specialized medical training, semantic loan from English resident.

n-g

(medicine) a physician receiving specialized medical training.


tiras

(printing) circulation (number of copies sold of e.g. a newspaper).


visite

visitê (canonical)
visite-visite (plural)

From Dutch visite (“visit”), from French visite.

(medicine) ward round, a regular visit paid by the medical staff to hospital inpatients under their care, in order to review their progress.


futanari

From Japanese ふたなり (futanari, “hermaphrodite”).


kinase

kinasê (canonical)
kinase-kinase (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kinase, from Ancient Greek κινεῖν (kineîn, “to move”) + -ase, a suffix forming enzyme names.


pom-pom

reduplication

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">pump</i>


Tula

From Sanskrit तुला (tulā, “balance, scales”).


apologia

From Latin apologia (“apology”), from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “a speech made in defense of something”). Doublet of apologi.

der

(Catholicism) apology (formal justification, defence)


cahaya

cahaya-cahaya (plural)
tjahaja (alternative)

From Malay cahaya, from Sanskrit छाया (chāyā, “lustre, light”).


lapisan

(computer graphics, by analogy to a stack of transparencies) one in a stack of (initially transparent) drawing surfaces that comprise an image; used to keep elements of an image separate so that they can be modified independently from one another

(networking) one of the seven network switch pieces in the Open Systems Interconnection model: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical

(geology) a layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout


hipotenusa

hipotenusa-hipotenusa (plural)
هيڤوتينوس (hipoténus) (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch hypotenusa, from Latin hypotenusa, from Ancient Greek ὑποτείνουσα πλευρά (hupoteínousa pleurá, “side subtending [the right angle]”), from ὑποτείνουσα (hupoteínousa, “stretching, extending, subtending”), active participle of ὑποτείνω (hupoteínō, “subtend, stretch under”).

ὑποτείνουσα πλευρά


menit

menit (canonical)
mênit (canonical)
minit (alternative)

From dialectal Dutch (Standard Dutch minuut), from Middle French minute, from Old French minute, from Latin minūta. Influenced by inherited French-Dutch menuet (“minuet”).

a unit of time equal to sixty seconds (one-sixtieth of an hour).


Alkitab

From Malay Alkitab, from Arabic الْكِتَاب (al-kitāb, “the book”).


bursa

* Learned borrowing from Latin bursa, from the Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide, wine-skin”).
* Semantic loan from Dutch beurs.

Bursa Efek Indonesia

(business, economics) exchange: a place for conducting trading.


bursa

(anatomy) bursa, any of the many small fluid-filled sacs located at the point where a muscle or tendon slides across bone. These sacs serve to reduce friction between the two moving surfaces.


dekan

From Dutch decaan (“dean”), from Late Latin decānus.

(education) A senior official in a college or university, who may be in charge of a division or faculty.

(Christianity) A dignitary or presiding officer in certain church bodies, especially an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop, in charge of a chapter of canons.


universitet

From Dutch universiteit (“university”), from Middle Dutch universiteit, from Old French universitei, from Medieval Latin ūniversitās. Compare to German Universität.

(education, dated) Superseded spelling of universitas.


demagog

démagog (canonical)
demagog-demagog (plural)

From Dutch demagoog, from Middle French démagogue, from Ancient Greek δημαγωγός (dēmagōgós, “popular leader, mob leader”) of δῆμος (dêmos, “people”) + ἀγωγός (agōgós, “guide”).


peci

From Dutch petje, diminutive form of pet. Doublet of pet.

Indonesian felt cap, with nationalist connotations, made popular by Sukarno. Usually black, but sometimes white, especially when worn by a haji.


gastrointestinal

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch gastro-intestinaal.


koordinat

From Dutch coördinaat, from Medieval Latin coōrdinātus, past participle of coōrdinō (“I arrange together”), from Latin co- (“together”) + ōrdinō (“I arrange”).


banding

Inherited from Malay banding (“comparison”).
* For sense of appeal (law), probably a semantic loan from Chinese 告 (“to check; to compare”), a variant of 校 (“to check; to compare”). For comparison, see 上告 (“to appeal”, literally “to raise an appeal”) and naik banding (“to appeal”, literally “to raise an appeal”).

zh-l

membandingi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

perbandingan [causative passive + resultative

(law) appeal: an application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


nato

Borrowed from Japanese 納豆(なっと) (natto, “natto”).

(cooking) natto: a traditional Japanese food product made from fermented soybeans.


tian

From Malay tian, from Classical Malay تيان (tian), from Proto-Malayic *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN.


bromidrosis

bromidrosis (fetid or foul-smelling perspiration)


pluvial

Borrowed from French pluvial (“cope; rainy”), from Latin pluviālis (literally “rainy”). Compare German Pluviale.

bor+

(Catholicism) cope: a long, loose cloak worn by a priest, deacon or bishop when presiding over a ceremony other than the Mass.


PIB

(taxation) Initialism of pemberitahuan impor barang.


sotto voce

Unadapted borrowing from Italian sottovoce.


agonis

Borrowed from Dutch agonist (“agonist”), from Latin agōnista, from Ancient Greek ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “combatant, champion”).

der

(anatomy) the muscle that contracts while the other relaxes.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) a molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction.


padri

From Malay paderi, from Portuguese padre (“priest”), from Old Galician-Portuguese padre (“father”), from Latin pater, patrem (“father”), from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”).


rubato

Unadapted borrowing from Italian rubato.


sil

(automotive) seal (something designed to prevent liquids or gases from leaking through a joint)


misi

→ Malay: misi

From Dutch missie. Cognate to Afrikaans missie.

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) religious evangelism.


rasi

From Malay rasi, from Sanskrit राशि (rāśi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *rāśíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rāćíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”).

(astrology) a sign of the zodiac (as being a certain sum or quantity of degrees), one-twelfth part of the ecliptic, an astrological house

(astronomy) ellipsis of rasi bintang (“constellation”).


kedudukan

kêdudukan (canonical)
kedudukan-kedudukan (plural)
kedoedoekan (alternative)

Affixed duduk + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kedudukan, from Classical Malay kedudukan.

(law) standing: the right of a party to bring a legal action, based on the relationship between that party and the matter to which the action relates.


idée fixe

Unadapted borrowing from French idée fixe (“idée fixe, obsession”, literally “fixed idea”).

ubor

(psychiatry, psychology) idée fixe, obsession


miksi

From Dutch mictie, from Latin micturio (“to urinate”).


kasino

From Dutch casino, from Italian casino, diminutive form of casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage, hut”).

casino:
a public building or room for gambling.


UB

Universitas Brawijaya
w:id:Universitas Brawijaya

(education) Initialism of Universitas Brawijaya.


rosario

rosario-rosario (plural)
rosari (alternative)

From Malay rosario, from Portuguese rosário (“rosary”), from Latin rosarium.


MAN

madrasah aliah
madrasah aliah#Indonesian

(education) acronym of madrasah aliah negeri.


FIA

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu administrasi.


bahu

* Inherited from Malay bahu, from Classical Malay bahu, from Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *baHźʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Doublet of baju.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦲꦸ (bahu, “arm, village assistant”), from Old Javanese bāhu (“arm”), from the same Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu). See also Javanese bahudendha (“powerful”), from Old Javanese bāhudaṇḍa (“arm; assistant, guard, protection”, literally “long arm, arm-staff”), from Sanskrit बाहुदण्ड (bāhudaṇḍa, “long arm, arm-staff”).

cog

membahu

to shoulder, to carry over one's shoulder


bahu

(music, figurative) edge of musical percussion instrument that takes the form of a flat, circular metal disc which is hit with a mallet, such as gong (the shoulder of the instrument).


gyoza

From Japanese 餃子(ぎょうざ) (gyōza), from Mandarin 餃子／饺子.

(cooking) gyoza: a Japanese crescent-shaped dumpling filled with a minced stuffing and steamed, boiled or fried; the Japanese equivalent of the Chinese jiaozi


banyo

Borrowed from Dutch banjo, from English banjo. Compare Malay banjo.


proses

prosès (canonical)
proses-proses (plural)

From Dutch proces, from Middle Dutch proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin processus, past participle of procedo. Cognate of Afrikaans proses and West Frisian proses.


universitas

univêrsitas (canonical)
universitas-universitas (plural)
universiteit (alternative)
universitet (alternative)
universitit (alternative)

→ Malay: universitas

→ Tetum: universitas

Learned borrowing from Latin ūniversitās (“university”). Displaced, since 1954, earlier Dutch loanwords universiteit, universitet and universitit.


metrum

mètrum (canonical)
metrum-metrum (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin metrum (“measure”) via Dutch metrum, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”). Doublet of meter.


lunula

(anatomy) lunula: something shaped like a crescent or half-moon; especially the pale area at the base of the fingernail.

(Catholicism) luna, lunette, lunula: a crescent-shaped receptacle, often glass, for holding the (consecrated) host (the bread of communion) upright when exposed in the monstrance.


alkohol

alkohol-alkohol (plural)
alcohol (alternative)

From Dutch alcohol, from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).

(colloquial) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.


klik

(linguistics): an ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.

(computing): the act of pressing a button on a computer mouse, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software.


haram

From Malay haram, from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām). Doublet of harem.

(Islam) haram: forbidden by Islam: unlawful, sinful.


jujutsu

jujutsu-jujutsu (plural)
jijitsu (alternative)
jujitsu (alternative)
yuyitsu (alternative)
yuyutsu (alternative)

Borrowed from Japanese 柔術 (じゅうじゅつ, jūjutsu), from Japanese 柔 (じゅう, jū, “soft, gentle”) + Japanese 術 (じゅつ, jutsu, “art, technique”). Attested before 1954.

bor

じゅうじゅつ, jūjutsu

der

jujitsu, a method of self-defence established in Japan emphasizing “jū” (soft or gentle) “jitsu” (art or technique). Japanese martial art that utilizes a large variety of techniques in defense against an opponent.


madrasah

From Malay madrasah, from Arabic مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).


daya

From Malay daya,
# from Proto-Malayic *daya (“to trick, to fool”).
# from Sanskrit उदय (udaya, “rise, result”).
# from Old Javanese daya (“inner feelings; heart”), from Pali hadaya (“feeling”, literally “heart”), from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya, “soul, mind, spirit”, literally “heart”).
# from Old Javanese daya, dāya, deya (“(future) act; plan”), de (“action; condition; by”) + aya, haya, ayah (“effort”).
The sense of a measure of the rate of work or transferring energy in physics is a semantic loan from Dutch vermogen (“power (physics)”, literally “ability”).

sl

(electricity) electricity or a supply of electricity.

power:
electricity or a supply of electricity.

(Standard Malay)

(classical mechanics) a measure of the rate of doing work or transferring energy, a measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time.


substantif

From Dutch substantief, from New Latin nōmen substantīvum.


aliran

Inherited from Malay aliran. Equivalent to alir + -an.

(martial arts) style (a particular manner of creating, doing, or presenting something)


Kristus

Learned borrowing from Latin Chrīstus (“Christ”), from Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós), proper noun use of χρῑστός (khrīstós, “the anointed one”), a calque of Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”) and Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ).

der

Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ)


loper

From Dutch loper, from Middle Dutch lopere.

(chess) bishop: the chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝ which moves along diagonal lines and developed from the shatranj alfil ("elephant") and was originally known as the aufil or archer in English.


faksi

From Dutch factie (“faction”), from Middle French faction, from Latin factiō, factiōnem. Doublet of fatsun and fesyen.

Salah satu ciri Partai Demokratik Liberal adalah bahwa semua anggotanya dalam Diet mengelompok dalam faksi.

A characteristic of Liberal Democratic Party is the members in Diet groups in faction(s).

(politics) faction, a group of people, especially within a political organization, which expresses a shared belief or opinion different from people who are not part of the group.


faksi

(literature) a fictional story based on a real story or characters


busbar

(electrical engineering) busbar: an electrical conductor that carries a large current, especially one that is part of a power distribution system; typically a thick strip, or a tube, of copper or aluminium.


legenda

lêgènda (canonical)
legenda-legenda (plural)

(cartography) a key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.


akropolis

From Ancient Greek ἀκρόπολις (akrópolis), from ἄκρος (ákros, “topmost”, “tip”, “summit”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


akne

From Dutch acne, from French acné, from New Latin [Term?], probably a corruption of Ancient Greek ἀκμή (akmḗ).

(dermatology, pathology, uncommon) acne: a skin condition, usually of the face, that is common in adolescents. It is characterised by red pimples, and is caused by the inflammation of sebaceous glands through bacterial infection.


anoreksia

(pathology) anorexia: loss of appetite, especially as a result of disease.


nol

Borrowed from Peranakan Indonesian nul, from Dutch nul, from Latin nullus.


klitoris

From Dutch clitoris, from New Latin clitoris, from Ancient Greek κλειτορίς (kleitorís).


anakonda

Internationalism, borrowed from English anaconda, from New Latin anacandaia (“python”) [originally referring to a species of constrictor found in Sri Lanka], from Sinhalese හෙනකඳයා (henakaⁿdayā, “whip snake”), from හෙන (hena, “lightning, thunderbolt”) + කඳ (kaⁿda, “stem, trunk, body”).

(zoology) anaconda: Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America.


solfeggio

Unadapted borrowing from Italian solfeggio.

ubor

(music) solfeggio, solfège: a method of sight singing that uses the syllables do (originally ut), re, mi, fa, sol (or so), la, and si (or ti) to represent the seven principal pitches of the scale, most commonly the major scale. The fixed-do system uses do for C, and the moveable-do system uses do for whatever key the melody uses (thus B is do if the piece is in the key of B). The relative natural minor of a scale may be represented by beginning at la.


bezit

From Dutch bezit (“possession; estate”).


gravi

(cooking) gravy: a thick sauce made from the fat or juices that come out from meat or vegetables as they are being cooked.


BKT

(education) Initialism of biaya kuliah tunggal.


lenso

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">lenso</i>

→ Malay: لينسو (lenso)

From Ambonese Malay lenso, Manado Malay lenso, or Papuan Malay [Term?], from Portuguese lenço, from Old Galician-Portuguese lenço, from Latin linteum (“linen cloth”), from linteus.

(dance) tari lenso: a social dance with handkerchief as prop.


ayat

From Malay ayat, from Arabic آيَة (ʔāya, “sign, token”).

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia adalah Kepolisian Nasional yang merupakan satu kesatuan dalam melaksanakan peran sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1).

National Police Republic of Indonesia is national police in unity in application of the role in the clause (1).

(accounting) entry: a formal record that documents a transaction.


amoniak

From Dutch ammoniak, from Latin ammoniacum.


hima

himpunan mahasiswa
himpunan mahasiswa#Indonesian

(education) Acronym of himpunan mahasiswa (“student association”).


spora

From Latin spora, either as learned borrowing from Latin or through Dutch spore, from Ancient Greek σπορά (sporá, “seed, a sowing”).

der

(biology) spore, (a reproductive particle, usually a single cell, released by a fungus, alga, or plant)


couveuse

Unadapted borrowing from French couveuse (“incubator”, literally “broody hen”).

ubor

(medicine) couveuse: an incubator for sickly infants, especially those born prematurely.


Markus

(biblical) Mark (disciple of Jesus, author of the Gospel of Matthew)


renvoi

renvoi-renvoi (plural)
renvooi (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch renvooi, from French renvoi.

(law) a situation in which a court, tasked with deciding which state's law should apply to a case, decides to apply the law of the forum, based on the determination that a court from another involved state would also apply the law of the forum.


relai

Internationalism, ultimately from French relais, from Old French relaier.
* The verb sense is borrowed from English relay (“to relay, to convey: to pass on or transfer”).
* The noun sense is borrowed from Dutch relais (“relay”).

bor+

(electronics) relay: An electrical actuator that allows a relatively small electrical voltage or current to control a larger voltage or current.


relai

(zoology) pearl snail (Melo melo); pearl conch.


stok

From Dutch stock, from Middle Dutch stoc, from Old Dutch stok, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz.

(trading) A store of goods ready for sale; inventory.

(biology) In tectology, an aggregate or colony of individuals, such as trees, chains of salpae, etc.


POM

pengawas operasional madya
pengawas operasional madya#Indonesian

(mining) Acronym of pengawas operasional madya.


BEM

(education) Acronym of badan eksekutif mahasiswa (“student's executive council”).


heng

(colloquial, sports, soccer) handball, the offence of a player other than the goalkeeper touching the ball with the hand or hands on the field during play.


heng

(colloquial, computing) hang, an instance of ceasing to respond.


trompet

(music) A trumpet (especially one of European origin)


bufer

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry) a solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid.

(computing) a portion of memory set aside to temporarily store data, often before it is sent to an external device or as it is received from an external device.


bufet

From Dutch buffet, from French buffet, from Middle French bufet, from Old French bufet, of uncertain origin; possibly a Celtic borrowing.

(cooking) food laid out in this way, to which diners serve themselves.


batalyon

(military) military official form of batalion


brigadir

From Dutch brigadier, from French brigadier.


plak

From Dutch plak, from Middle Dutch plagge; placke; plecke; placken, from Old Dutch *plakko, *plakka, from Proto-Germanic *plaggą. Doublet of plakat.

der

(dermatology) a broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule (“inflamed, irritated patch”) on the skin.

(cardiology) an abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.


faqih

(Islam, law, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of fakih (“faqih”)


kalkun

Borrowed from Dutch kalkoen (“turkey”), older Calcoensche haan (modern kalkoense haan), from Calcoen, the then-used name for the Indian city Calicut, modern Kozhikode.

Meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo#Translingual


referat

From Dutch referaat, from German Referat, from Latin referat, referō.

(medicine, education) report, abstract, summary.


sekat

Inherited from Malay sekat, from Proto-Malayic *səkat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səkəd. The sense of to stop is semantic loan from Minangkabau [Term?].


nasi goreng

→ English: nasi goreng

desctree

→ Dutch: nasi goreng
→ Papiamentu: nasigóren

From Malay nasi goreng, from nasi (“rice”) + goreng (“fried”).


Kristen

Kristên (canonical)
Kristian (alternative)

From Dutch christen (“Christian”), from Middle Dutch cristen, variant of kersten, from Old Dutch [Term?], from, Ancient Greek Χρῑστιᾱνός (Khrīstiānós) from Latin Christiānus.

(Christianity) Christianity, an Abrahamic religion originating from the community of the followers of Jesus Christ.


kabinet

kabinèt (canonical)
kabinet-kabinet (plural)
kabinet (alternative)

→ Min Nan: 甲辦 /甲办, 甲角

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kabinet (“cabinet”), from Middle French cabinet, cabin, from Old French cabane, from Medieval Latin capanna (“a cabin”), of uncertain origin; possibly a metathesis of Latin canaba. Doublet of kabana and kabin.

(politics, government) group of ministers.


fase

fasê (canonical)
fase-fase (plural)
fasa (alternative)

From Dutch phase (current spelling fase), from New Latin phasis, from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”), from φάειν (pháein, “to shine”).

der

fase padat

(chemistry) a component in a material system that is distinguished by chemical composition and/or physical state (solid, liquid or gas) and/or crystal structure. It is delineated from an adjoining phase by an abrupt change in one or more of those conditions.

sistem tenaga listrik 3 fase

(electrical engineering) in a polyphase electrical power system, one of the power-carrying conductors, or the alternating current carried by it.


komandan

→ Min Nan: 公勃壟 /公勃垄 (kong-pu̍t-lóng)

From Dutch commandant (“commandant”), from French commandant.


kondensator

(electronics) capacitor, an electronic component capable of storing electrical energy in an electric field; especially one consisting of two conductors separated by a dielectric.


konduktor

Learned borrowing from Latin conductor. Doublet of kondektur.
* Semantic loan from English conductor for music sense.

(physics) something that can transmit electricity, heat, light or sound.

(music) a person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting.


konsul

From Dutch consult, from Middle French consulter, from Latin cōnsultō (“to deliberate, consult”), frequentative of cōnsulō (“to consult, deliberate, consider, reflect upon, ask advice”), from com- (“together”) + -sulō, from Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grab”).


konsul

konsul-konsul (plural)
konsul (root)
mengkonsulkan (active locative)
dikonsulkan (locative passive)
konsulkan (locative)
konsulkanlah (locative)

(especially medicine) consultation: A conference for the exchange of information and advice; An appointment or meeting with a professional person, such as a doctor.


kontrol

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Pasien diabetes harus tetap kontrol ke dokter selama pandemi COVID-19.

Diabetic patient will have continued medical checkup during COVID-19 pandemic.


kreditor

(finance, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of kreditur (“creditor”)


registri

(computing) a database of configuration settings etc. maintained by the Microsoft Windows operating system.

(medicine) disease registry, patient registry: collections of secondary data related to patients with a specific diagnosis, condition, or procedure, and they play an important role in post marketing surveillance of pharmaceuticals.


kupon

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch coupon, from French coupon, couper (“to cut”).

(finance, obsolete) A certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the interest is due; an interest warrant.

(finance) Any interest payment made or due on a bond, debenture or similar (no longer by a physical coupon).


kurs

→ Tetum: kurs

From Dutch koers (“rate, price”), from Middle Dutch coers, from Middle French cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus. Doublet of kursus.
* Semantic loan from Dutch wisselkoers (“exchange rate”)


elektrik

èlèktrik (canonical)
elektrik-elektrik (plural)

From Dutch electric (current spelling elektriek), from French électrique, from Latin ēlectricus, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron). Doublet of listrik.


estetika

estetika-estetika (plural)
aestetika (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch esthetica (“aesthetic; aesthetics”), from New Latin aesthetica, aestheticus, from Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós).

bor+

(philosophy) the study or philosophy of beauty

aesthetics
the study or philosophy of beauty


lesi

From Dutch lesie, laesie (“lesion”), from Latin laesiō (“injury”).

(medicine) an infected or otherwise injured or diseased organ or part.


lektor

lèktor (canonical)
lektor-lektor (plural)

From Dutch lector, from Latin lēctor (“lecturer, reader”).

(education) functional position of lecturer.

(education) assistant professor (academic rank)

(education) (senior) assistant professor (academic rank)

(Christianity, male or neutral) lector, a lay person who reads aloud certain religious texts in a church service.


ministri

(Christianity) The clergy of nonapostolic Protestant churches.


makaron

From Dutch makaron, from French macaron, from Italian maccarone.

(cooking) macaron: any of various pastries based on almond and egg white, traditionally made in France.


bisturi

From Dutch bistouri, from French bistouri, from archaic Italian pistorese or pistorino (“from Pistoia”).

(surgery, colloquial) scalpel; blade; medical knife


mikrofon

mikrofon-mikrofon (plural)
mikropon (alternative)


nazir

From Classical Persian نَظِیر (nazīr), from Arabic نَظِير (naẓīr). Doublet of nadir.

(Islam) nazir: a group of people or legal entity tasked with maintaining and managing waqf objects


nazir

(Islam, Christianity) people who vow or pledge


M.A.

(education) Abbreviation of Magister Akuntansi.


badi

From Malay badi, from Persian بدی (badi, “badness”).


badai

From Malay badai, from Tamil வாடை (vāṭai, “wind, north wind, chill wind”).


faktor

From Dutch factor, from Middle Dutch factoor, from Middle French facteur, from Latin factor (“a doer, maker, performer”), from factus (“done or made”), perfect passive participle of faciō (“do, make”).

(mathematics) any of various objects multiplied together to form some whole.


paket

From Dutch pakket, from Middle French pacquet (Modern French paquet), from Dutch pak, from Proto-Germanic *pakkô. Doublet of pak.

(computing) a small fragment of data as transmitted on some types of network, notably Ethernet networks.


folklor

folklor-folklor (plural)
folklore (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch folklore, from English folklore.

(literature) folklore: the tales, legends, superstitions and traditions of a particular ethnic population.


misteri

mistéri (canonical)
misteri-misteri (plural)

From Dutch mysterie, from Latin mysterium, from Ancient Greek μυστήριον (mustḗrion, “a mystery, a secret, a secret rite”), from μύστης (mústēs, “initiated one”), from μυέω (muéō, “I initiate”), from μύω (múō, “I shut”).

(Christianity) A religious truth not understandable by the application of human reason alone (without divine aid).


astronomi

From Dutch astronomie, from Middle Dutch astronomie, from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía).


introversi

Borrowed from Dutch introversie, from New Latin intrōversio, intrōvertere (“to turn within”), from Classical Latin intro (“within”) and vertere (“to turn”).

(psychology) a personality orientation towards the self and mental abstraction; behavior expressing such orientation.


inversi

inversi-inversi (plural)
invers (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inversie, from French inversion.

(grammar) Deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis

(biochemistry) a chemical reaction converting sucrose into glucose and fructose.

(geology) the relative uplift of a previously basinal area resulting from local shortening, in structural geology.

(anatomy, kinesiology) movement of the sole towards the median plane.

(mathematics) A second element which negates a first; in a binary operation, the element for which the binary operation—when applied to both it and an initially given element—yields the operation's identity element.

(Standard Malay)

(logic) a type of conditional sentence which is an immediate inference made from another conditional sentence.


biografi

Borrowed from Dutch biografie, from French biographie, from Latin biographia, from Ancient Greek βιογραφία (biographía)


pediatri

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch pediatrie.

(medicine) paediatrics, pediatrics: The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents.


andrologi

(medicine) andrology: the branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.


geriatri

Borrowed from Dutch geriatrie, from French gériatrie, from Ancient Greek γῆρας (gêras, “old age”) (see γέρων (gérōn)) + ἰατρός (iatrós, “physician”); coined in English in 1909 by Ignatz L. Nascher in the New York Medical Journal on the model of pediatrics.

(medicine) geriatrics: The branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. The term itself can be distinguished from gerontology, which is the study of the aging process itself.


regio

Either directly borrowed or through Dutch regio, from Latin regio. Doublet of region.

regio abdomen

(anatomy) region: a place in or a part of the body in any way indicated.


magnitudo

magnitudo-magnitudo (plural)
magnitud (alternative)

(seismology) A measure of the energy released by an earthquake (e.g. on the Richter scale).

(astronomy) A logarithmic scale of brightness defined so that a difference of 5 magnitudes is a factor of 100.

A ratio of intensity expressed as a logarithm.


vimpa

Borrowed from English vimpa, from Medieval Latin vimpa, from Frankish *wimpil, *wimpila (“head scarf”), from Proto-Germanic *wimpilaz, from *wīpaną (“to wind, swing”).


kalori

From Dutch calorie, from French calorie, from Latin calor.

(nutrition, sports) kilogram calorie, large calorie: A unit of energy 1000 times larger than the gram calorie. It is equivalent to the gram kilocalorie, approximately 4.2 kilojoules.

(chemistry, thermodynamics) gram calorie, small calorie: a non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to approximately 4.2 joules. This unit was widely used in chemistry and physics, being the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C.


katarsis

From Dutch catharsis, from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis, “cleansing, purging”), from καθαίρω (kathaírō, “I cleanse”).

(drama, literature) A release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy).

(psychology) A therapeutic technique to relieve tension by re-establishing the association of an emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and then eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction).

(Christianity) A purification or cleansing, especially emotional.


radikal

From Dutch radicaal, from French radical, from Late Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”), from Latin rādīx (“root”).

(politics) favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter.


delusi

a false belief that is resistant to confrontation with actual facts.

(psychiatry, psychology) delusion:
the state of being deluded.

that which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false belief; error in belief.


fluida

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch fluïda, the plural form of fluïdum, from Latin fluidus (“flowing; fluid”), fluō (“to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell; surge; overflow; run”).

(physics) fluid: Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.


intensi

intènsi (canonical)
intensi-intensi (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch intentie (“intention”), from Middle French intention, from Old French entencion, borrowed from Latin intentiō, intentiōnem.

bor+

intention
(Catholicism) intention of mass


intensi

Borrowed from English intension, from Latin intēnsiō (“straining, effort; intensifying”), from intēnsus (“stretched”), perfect passive participle of intendō (“strain or stretch toward”).

der

(linguistics) intension, any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies.


astrologi

From Dutch astrologie, from Middle Dutch astrologie, from Latin astrologia (“astronomy”), from Ancient Greek ἀστρολογία (astrología, “telling of the stars”).


tona

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

(linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.


ekonomi

ékonomi (canonical)
ekonomi-ekonomi (plural)

From Dutch economie (“economics, economy”).

(transport) the part of a commercial passenger airplane or train reserved for those paying the lower standard fares; economy class.


pahat

From Malay pahat, from Classical Malay ڤاهت (pahat), from Old Malay [script needed] (pāhat), from Proto-Malayic *pahət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqət (“chisel”).

chisel: a cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end.


Habel

From Ancient Greek Ἅβελ (Hábel), from Biblical Hebrew הֶבֶל (heḇel, “breath, vapor; vanity”), possibly from Akkadian 𒌉𒍑 (ablu, “son”).


gawang

Inherited from Malay gawang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaŋ (“gate, opening”), *-waŋ (“wide open space”).


kolon

Learned borrowing from Latin cŏlon (“large intestine”), from Ancient Greek κόλον (kólon, “the large intestine, also food, meat, fodder”).


kanit

(law enforcement) acronym of kepala unit.


antropologi

From Dutch antropologie, from New Latin anthropologia, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, mankind, human, humanity”) + -λογία (-logía).


mortalitas

Learned borrowing from Latin mortālitās.

(demography) deaths resulting from an event (such as a war, epidemic or disaster).

(demography, epidemiology) the number of deaths per given unit of population over a given period of time.


gramatika

Borrowed from Dutch grammatica, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

der

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.

the study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).


anomali

From Dutch anomalie, from French anomalie, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “disaccord”).

(linguistics, politics) a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier.

(physics, biology) any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not.

(biology, medicine) a defect or malformation.


kanan

Inherited from Malay kanan, from Proto-Malayic *kanan (compare Malay kanan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wanan (compare Ilocano kannawan, Kapampangan uanan, Tagalog kanan), from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wanaN.

Kanan, kawan.

(politics) the ensemble of right-wing political parties; political conservatives as a group.


padat

From Malay padat, from Classical Malay padat.

(Standard Malay)

(physics, chemistry, of an object or substance) That can be picked up or held, having a texture, and usually firm. Unlike a liquid or a gas.


ligamen

ligamèn (canonical)
ligamen-ligamen (plural)
liɡamən (alternative)

From Dutch ligament, from Latin ligāmentum.


eksem

eksem-eksem (plural)
eksim (alternative)
ekzema (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch eczeem (“eczema”), from New Latin eczema, from Ancient Greek ἔκζεμα (ékzema, “rash”).

(dermatology, pathology) eczema: a non-contagious acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, itching, and the outbreak of oozing vesicular lesions which become encrusted and scaly.


Gabriella

Gabriella Ekaputri, b. 2001

a female given name from Italian, equivalent to English Gabrielle


patologi

From Dutch pathologie, from French pathologie, from Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “disease”) and -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

(medicine) the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences.

(medicine) the medical specialty that provides microscopy and other laboratory services (e.g., cytology, histology) to clinicians.


lokus

Learned borrowing from Latin locus (“a place”). Doublet of lokasi.

lbor

(biology) a fixed position on a chromosome that may be occupied by one or more genes.

(mathematics) the set of all points whose coordinates satisfy a given equation or condition.


dingdong

(video games) an establishment that runs coin-operated games.


emisi

From Dutch emissie, from Middle French émission, from Latin ēmissiō (“sending forth”), from ēmittō (“send out”), from ex (“from, out of”) + mittō (“send”).

emission, release,
(physics) of electromagnetic radiation.

emission, release,
of electromagnetic radiation.

emission, release,
(economics) of securities.

emission, release,
(finance) of banknote.


naamloze vennootschap

id-noun

naamloze vennootschap (plural naamloze-naamloze vennootschap)

naamloze-naamloze vennootschap (plural)
NV (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch naamloze vennootschap (“public limited company, corporation”, literally “anonymous company”).

ubor

public limited company
public limited company

(business, law) public limited company, corporation


zen

From Japanese 禅 (ぜん, zen), from Middle Chinese 禪 (MC dzyen) (compare Mandarin 禅 (chán), an abbreviation of 禪那 (MC dzyen na), from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “a type of meditation”). Akin to dhyana.


vigili

From Latin vigil, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of baja.

(Catholicism) vigil, the eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.


AN

(education) Initialism of asesmen nasional (“national assessment”).


elusi

→ Malay: elusi

(analytical chemistry) elution: the process of removing materials that are absorbed with a solvent.


Nadine

Nadine Chandrawinata, b. 1984


Nadia

Borrowed from French Nadia, either from Arabic نَادِيَا (nādiyā) or Russian На́дя (Nádja).

Nadia Omara, b. 1992


akun

* From Dutch account (“account”), from English account, from Middle English, from Anglo-Norman acunte (“account”), from Old French aconte, from aconter (“to reckon”), from Latin computō (“to sum up”).
* The management meaning is a semantic loan from English account (“account”).

semantic loan

(computing) a subscription or an authorization to an electronic service.

(accounting, management) a registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review.


koin

(numismatics) a piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.

(cryptocurrencies) A cryptocurrency; a cryptocoin.


puki

From Malay puki, from Proto-Malayic *puki, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puki, from Proto-Austronesian *puki.


tom yam

From Thai ต้มยำ (dtôm-yam, literally “boil mixture”).

bor

(cooking) tom yam: a Thai soup flavoured with fish sauce, lemongrass, lime juice, and chillies.


dupa

From Malay dupa, from Classical Malay دوڤا (dupa), from Sanskrit धूप (dhūpa).


Sabrina

Popularity likely inspired from Arabic صَابْرِينَا (ṣābrīnā) based on Arabic root ص ب ر (ṣ b r), folk etymologized form of earlier سَابْرِينَا (sābrīnā) (now mostly limited to non-Arabs with the name), from English Sabrina.

Arabic صَابْرِينَا (ṣābrīnā)

a female given name from Arabic [in turn from English], equivalent to English Sabrina


sepuluh

From Malay sepuluh, from Proto-Malayic *sA-puluh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa-puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *sa-puluq. Equivalent to se- + puluh.


aktin

a globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).

(biochemistry) actin:
one of the six isoforms of actin.


salin

From Malay salin, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin.
* The sense of harvesting ceremony preparation is a semantic loan from Sundanese [Term?].


asetat

asétat (canonical)
asetat-asetat (plural)


refleksi

Borrowed from Dutch reflectie (“reflection”), from Middle French reflexion, reflection, from Late Latin reflexio, from the participle stem of reflectere.

bor+

(philosophy) careful thought or consideration.

reflection:
careful thought or consideration.

reflection:
(philosophy) an implied criticism.

(computing) the process or mechanism of determining the capabilities of an object at run-time.

(biology, rare) reflex: an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.


manti

From Turkish mantı or Ottoman Turkish مانطی with possible cognate of Chinese 饅頭／馒头 (mántou).

(cooking) manti: A type of dumpling served in Turkish, Armenian and Central Asian cuisine.


makaroni

Borrowed from Dutch macaroni, from Italian maccaroni, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni”), plural of maccherone.

(cooking) macaroni: A type of pasta in the form of short tubes; sometimes loosely, pasta in general.


dosis

Learned borrowing from Late Latin dosis (“dose”) (influenced by Dutch dosis (“dose”)), from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), used by Galen and other Greek physicians to mean an amount of medicine, from Proto-Hellenic *dótis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis. Doublet of dus.

der

(Standard Malay)

(medicine, pharmacology) a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time.

(Standard Malay)

(nuclear physics, radiology) the quantity of an agent (not always active) substance or radiation administered at any one time.


linguis

linguist (one who studies linguistics or skilled in languages)


refleks

rèflèks (canonical)
refleks-refleks (plural)
reflek (alternative)

From Dutch reflex, from French réflexe, from Latin reflexus.

(physiology, psychology) reflex, an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.


semut

From Malay semut, from Classical Malay [Term?], from Aslian, from Proto-Austroasiatic *smuːcʔ (“ant”).


ontologi

From Dutch ontologie, from New Latin ontologia, from Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos) + λόγος (lógos).

(uncountable, philosophy) the branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being

(uncountable, philosophy) in a subject view, or a world view, the set of conceptual or material things or classes of things that are recognised as existing, or are assumed to exist in context, and their interrelations; in a body of theory, the ontology comprises the domain of discourse, the things that are defined as existing, together with whatever emerges from their mutual implications

(countable, philosophy) the theory of a particular philosopher or school of thought concerning the fundamental types of entity in the universe

(logic) a logical system involving theory of classes, developed by Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939)

(countable, computer science, information science) a structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model


onderbouw

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderbouw (“foundation (of construction or education)”).

ubor

(literally, architecture, civil engineering) foundation of building


divisi

divisi-divisi (plural)
divisie (alternative)
divisyen (alternative)

→ Malay: divisi

From Dutch divisie, from Old French division, from Latin divisio, divisionem. Cognate to Afrikaans divisie.

(military) a large military unit, usually with over 15,000 soldiers and divided into brigades.

division,
(business) a section of a company.

(sports) a part of a sports competition.

division,
a part of a sports competition.

(biology) a rank below kingdom and above class, particularly used of plants or fungi, also (particularly of animals) called a phylum; a taxon at that rank.


invasi

From Dutch invasie, from Middle French invasion, from Latin invāsiō.

(military) invasion, a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.


fusi

From Dutch fusie, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fusionem (the accusative of fusio), from fusus, past participle of fundere (“pour, melt”).

(physics) a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy.

(genetics) the result of the hybridation of two genes which originally coded for separate proteins.

(cytology) the process by which two distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic core, resulting in one interconnected structure.

(business) the legal union of two or more corporations into a single entity, typically assets and liabilities being assumed by the buying party.

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one.


kurban

kurban-kurban (plural)
korban (alternative)

From Malay korban, from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān), from Aramaic קורבנא (qurbānā). Cognate to Hebrew קָרְבָּן (qorbān). Doublet of korban.

(Islam) the ritual sacrifice at Eid ul-Adha


impresi

From Dutch impressie, from French impression, from Latin impressio.
* Semantic loan from English impression for philosophical sense.

(anatomy) the indentation or depression made by the pressure of one object on or into another.

(philosophy) the vivid perception of something as it is experienced, in contrast to ideas or thoughts drawn from memory or the imagination.


sepatu

Inherited from Malay sepatu, from Portuguese sapato.


abrasi

From Dutch abrasie, from French abrasion (attested since 1611), from Medieval Latin abrasio (“a scraping”), from Latin abrādō (“scrape off”).

(geology) the effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it.

(medicine) a superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away.


erosi

From Dutch erosie, from French érosion, from Latin ērōsiō.

(geology) the result of having been worn away or eroded, as by a glacier on rock or the sea on a cliff face.

(medicine) a shallow ulceration or lesion, usually involving skin or epithelial tissue.

(dentistry) loss of tooth enamel due to non-bacteriogenic chemical processes.


habitus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habitus, from Latin habitus.

(sociology) habitus (the lifestyle, etc. of particular social groups)


akrasia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀκρασία (akrasía, “lacking command (over oneself)”).


dispersi

From Dutch dispersie, from Old French dispersion, from Latin dispertio.

(Standard Malay)

(optics) the separation of visible light by refraction or diffraction.


kolonel

kolonèl (canonical)
kolonel-kolonel (plural)


meses

From Dutch muisjes (“a type of sprinkles”, literally “mice”), muis (“mouse”), from Middle Dutch muus, from Old Dutch *mūs, from Proto-Germanic *mūs.

bor

(cooking) sprinkles, small candy or sugar pieces that are sprinkled over other confections.


debet

From Dutch debet, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).

(accounting, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of debit (“debit, receivable”)


torsi

From Dutch torsie, from French torsion, from Late Latin torsio, from Latin torqueō (“twist, turn”).


miskal

Inherited from Malay miskal, from Arabic مِثْقَال (miṯqāl, “weight, unit of weight”).

der

mithqal, a unit of measure for weighing gold or silver, equivalent to around 4,2 grams.


kanon

Ultimately from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn). Doublet of kanun and qanun.
* For sense of land lease tax, via Arabic قَانُون (qānūn, “tax, law”).
* For sense in music and Christianity, via Dutch canon, from Old French canon, from Latin canōn.

(music) a piece of music in which the same melody is played by different voices, but beginning at different times; a round.

(Christianity, literature) the works of a writer that have been accepted as authentic.


stringendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian stringendo (“tightening”).


distorsi

Borrowed from Dutch distorsie (“distortion”), from French [Term?].

bor+

(acoustics) noise or other artifacts caused in the electronic reproduction of sound or music.

(optics, radiology) an aberration that causes magnification to change over the field of view.

(medicine) the state of being twisted out of a natural or normal shape or position.


purina

purina-purina (plural)
purin (alternative)

Internationalism, inherited from Malay purina, from German Purin.

(organic chemistry) purine: Any of a class of organic heterocyclic compounds, composed of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, that constitute one of the two groups of organic nitrogenous bases (the other being the pyrimidines) and are components of nucleic acids.


modernisme

(Christianity) a religious movement in the early 20th century that tried to reconcile dogma with modern science and philosophy.


perda

peraturan daerah
peraturan daerah#Indonesian


awal

Inherited from Malay awal, from Classical Malay awal (“early”), from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).


servis

From Dutch service, from French service, from Old French servise, borrowed from Latin servitium, from servus.

(sports, tennis) Act of initially serving the ball.

service
Act of initially serving the ball.


servis

head

servis (active menyervis, passive diservis)

(ditransitive, sports) to serve (to lead off with the first delivery over the net in tennis, volleyball, ping pong, badminton etc.)


luring

Blend of luar (“outside”) + jaringan (“network”).


karateka

From Japanese 空手家 (からてか, karateka, “karate practitioner”).


agraria

From Latin āgrāria, Latin agrarius (“of the land”), ager (“field”) + -arius via Dutch agrarische Weg (Netherlands Indies Agrarian Law of 1870)


atribut

From Dutch attribuut, from French attribut, from Latin attributum.

(grammar) a word that qualifies a noun, a qualifier.

(archaeology) a characteristic or quality of an artifact.


epos

Borrowed from Dutch epos, from Latin epos, from Ancient Greek ἔπος (épos).

(literature) epic: an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a deity, demigod (heroic epic), other legend or traditional hero.


plasebo

(medicine, pharmacology) placebo, a dummy medicine containing no active ingredients; an inert treatment.


makan malam

makan (“to eat”) + malam (“evening”), literally “to eat at evening”. Probably calque of Dutch maaltijd (literally “evening meal”).


ambulatori

From English ambulatory, from Latin ambulatorius.


sistem

sistém (canonical)
sistem-sistem (plural)
sistim (alternative)
sistem (alternative)

From Dutch systeem, from Late Latin systēma, from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “organised whole, body”).

der

a collection of organized things; a whole composed of relationships among its members.


granit

Borrowed from Dutch graniet (“granite”), from French granit (“granite”), from Italian granito (“granite”), from granire (“to granulate”), from grano (“grain”), from Latin grānum (“grain”).


AK

akademi komunitas
akademi komunitas#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of akademi komunitas.

(military) an AK-47, AK-74, or related assault rifle (Avtomat Kalasnikova or Kalashnikov)


Panchen Lama

id-noun

Panchen Lama (plural Panchen-Panchen Lama)


ideologi

idéologi (canonical)
ideologi-ideologi (plural)
idiologi (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ideologie, from French idéologie.


harmoni

From Dutch harmonie, from Middle Dutch harmonia, armonie, from Old French harmonie, from Latin harmonia, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονία (harmonía).

(music) process by which individual sounds are joined or composed into whole units or compositions.


ekonom

Borrowed from Dutch econoom, from Latin oeconomus.

an expert in economics, especially one who studies economic data and extracts higher-level information or proposes theories

economist
one concerned with political economy


farmakologi

(medicine) The science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.

(medicine) The properties and reactions of drugs especially with relation to their therapeutic value.


klimatologi

Borrowed from Dutch klimatologie (“climatology”).


adenovirus

Internationalism, borrowed from English adenovirus.


makam

From Malay makam, from Arabic مَقَام (maqām)


positif

From Dutch positief, from French positif, from Latin positivus.

(photography) positive, a positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, as opposed to a negative.


inka

informasi kepegawaian
informasi kepegawaian#Indonesian

(management) Acronym of informasi kepegawaian.


RKA

(finance) Initialism of rencana kerja anggaran (“work plan and budget”).


Tomas

Borrowed from Dutch Tomas, from Latin Thōmās m (as in the Vulgate), from Ancient Greek Θωμᾶς m (Thōmâs), the Biblical Greek transcription of Aramaic תאומא or תאמא (“twin”), the nickname of one of the Twelve Apostles.

(Christianity) An Apostle, best remembered for doubting the resurrection of Jesus.


dangdut

Altered from dang-ding-dut.
Coined by Tempo (Indonesian magazine).

(music) dangdut, a genre of Indonesian music that combines elements of Arab and Malay folk music.


fonem

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch foneem, from French phonème, from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, literally “sound made”, “utterance”; “thing spoken”, “speech”, “language”).


anafora

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ (ănăphorā́).

lbor

(rhetoric) the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis.

(linguistics) an expression that can refer to virtually any referent, the specific referent being defined by context; An expression that refers to a preceding expression.

(Christianity) the most solemn part of the Divine Liturgy or the Mass during which the offerings of bread and wine are consecrated as body and blood of Christ.


pragmatika

(linguistics) pragmatics: the study of the use of language, especially meaning, in a social context; it includes extratextual aspects of language including exophoric reference, phatic utterances, and nonverbal channels.


ekosistem

ékosistêm (canonical)
ekosistem-ekosistem (plural)

Affixed eko- + sistem, from Dutch ecosysteem, from English ecosystem.

(biology, ecology, sciences) a system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.

(business, marketing) a set of interconnected products and services.


akustika

Via some European language, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), from Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”).


embrio

èmbrio (canonical)
embrio-embrio (plural)

From Dutch embryo, from New Latin embryo, from Ancient Greek ἔμβρυον (émbruon, “fetus”).

der

(biology) In the reproductive cycle, the stage after the fertilization of the egg that precedes the development into a fetus.

(botany) A rudimentary plant contained in the seed.


hio

From Hokkien, specifically Zhangzhou Hokkien 香 (hioⁿ, “joss stick; incense”).

bor

(Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism) joss stick; incense

Taoism; Confucianism; Taoism; Confucianism


mudra

(Hinduism) Any of the formal body positions and postures used in yoga and meditation.


liat

en:Gadjah Mada University
en:IPB University

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="id">liat</i>

(soil science) clay: a mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.


majeur

Unadapted borrowing from French majeur (“major”).

ubor

(music) Alternative spelling of mayor (“major”)


akumulator

Borrowed from Dutch accumulator, from Latin accumulātor, agent noun of accumulō (“pile up”).

(Standard Malay)

(electrical engineering) a wet-cell storage battery.

(engineering) a container which stores hydraulic power for release, in the form of a pressurized fluid (often suspended within a larger tank of fluid under pressure).


antena

antèna (canonical)
antena-antena (plural)
antènê (alternative)

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin antenna.

(zoology) a feeler organ on the head of an insect, crab, or other animal.


agregat

From Dutch aggregaat, from Latin aggregātus.

(geology) solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.

(sports) the total score in a set of games between teams or competitors, usually the combination of the home and away scores.


akronim

From Dutch acroniem, from Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “extremity”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


koki

From Dutch kokje, diminutive of kok (“cook, chef”), from Middle Dutch coc, from Latin coquus.


ampula

Learned borrowing from Latin ampulla. Doublet of ampul.

(anatomy, biology, zoology) the dilated end of a duct.

ampulla,
(botany) the spongiole of a root.


korona

From English corona, from Latin corōna (“garland, crown”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “garland, wreath”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of keron.

(astronomy) the luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun or other star, extending millions of kilometres into space, most easily seen during a total solar eclipse.


pulut

From Malay pulut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulut. Cognate of Tagalog pulot.


ransel

ransêl (canonical)
ransel-ransel (plural)
rangsel (alternative)

From Dutch ransel, from German Ränzel. Cognate with Afrikaans ransel, Japanese ランドセル (randoseru).


feniks

Borrowed from Dutch feniks (“phoenix”), from Medieval Latin phenix, from Latin phoenīx, from Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix), from Egyptian bnw (boinu, “grey heron”). Doublet of foniks and funiks.

(mythology) a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes.

(mythology) a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang.


feniks

foniks (alternative)
funiks (alternative)

(astronomy) Phoenix: A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the mythical bird. It lies north of Tucana.


kolektor

kolèktor (canonical)
kolektor-kolektor (plural)

From Dutch collecteur, from French collecteur.

(rail transport) A current collector on an electric train or locomotive which is in contact with the live rail.

(Standard Malay)

(electronics) The amplified terminal on a bipolar junction transistor.


elektron

From Dutch elektron, electron, from English electron.

(physics) electron: The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.


demagogi

Borrowed from Dutch demagogie (“demagoguery”), from French démagogie.


dwi-

From Malay dwi-, from dwi, from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi), from द्व (dvá), from Proto-Indo-European *dwó, *dwóh₁.


partus

Learned borrowing from Latin partus (“birth, delivery”).

lbor

(obstetrics) childbirth, parturition: The fact or action of giving birth to a child, as the culmination of pregnancy.


etanol

(chemistry) ethanol: a simple aliphatic alcohol formally derived from ethane by replacing one hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group: CH₃-CH₂-OH.


antraks

From Dutch antrax, from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, literally “charcoal”).


autokrat

autokrat-autokrat (plural)
otokrat (alternative)

Prefixed auto- + *krat, from Dutch autocraat (“autocrat”), from French autocrate, from Ancient Greek αὐτοκρατής (autokratḗs).


kapela

Learned borrowing from Latin cappella. Doublet of kapel

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) Alternative spelling of kapel (“chapel”)


struma

(pathology) goiter, goitre: an enlargement of the front and sides of the neck caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland.


anonim

From Dutch anoniem, from French anonyme, from Latin anōnymus, from Ancient Greek ἀνώνυμος (anṓnumos).


mesjid

mêsjid (canonical)
mesjid-mesjid (plural)

[məsˈd͡ʒɪt̪̚]


biola

From Malay biola, from Portuguese viola, from Old Galician-Portuguese viola, from Old Occitan viola, from Medieval Latin vitula, from Vitula, Roman goddess of joy and victory.

(music) violin: A musical four-string instrument, generally played with a bow or by plucking the string, with the pitch set by pressing the strings at the appropriate place with the fingers; also any instrument of the violin family.


gereja

gêrèja (canonical)
gereja-gereja (plural)

From Malay gereja. Borrowed from Portuguese igreja, from Old Galician-Portuguese igreja, from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “congregation”).

A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place.

A particular denomination of Christianity.


ter-

From Malay ter-, from Classical Malay ter-, from Proto-Malayic *tAr-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-, from Proto-Austronesian *taʀ-.

ter- + sangka (“to suspect”) → tersangka (“suspect”)

(law) noun derivative from perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb


kongres

kongres-kongres (plural)
konggres (alternative)

From earlier konggres, from Dutch congres, from Latin congressum.

(politics) large consultative and/or legislative body.


can-can

Unadapted borrowing from French cancan (“cancan dance”).

ubor

(dance) cancan: a high-kicking chorus line dance originating in France.


taun

Inherited from Malay taun, from Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn).

der

Arabic طَاعُون (ṭāʕūn)


akut

From Dutch acuut (“acute”), from Latin acūtus.

(geometry) of an angle: less than 90 degrees.

acute:
of an angle: less than 90 degrees.

(pathology) of an abnormal condition of recent or sudden onset, in contrast to delayed onset; this sense does not imply severity, unlike the common usage.

(pathology) of a short-lived condition, in contrast to a chronic condition; this sense also does not imply severity.


karisma

karisma-karisma (plural)
kharisma (alternative)

From Dutch charisma, from Latin, from Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (khắrĭsmă, “grace, favour, gift”), from χᾰρῐ́ζομαι (khărĭ́zomai, “I show favor”), from χᾰ́ρῐς (khắrĭs, “grace”), from χαίρω (khaírō, “I am happy”).

(Christianity) an extraordinary power granted by the Holy Spirit.


genetika

gènètika (canonical)
génétik (alternative)

From Dutch genetica, from English genetics.

The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.

The genetic makeup of a specific individual or species.


katsu

Borrowed from Japanese カツ (katsu, “cutlet”), shortening of カツレツ (katsuretsu), itself from English cutlet.

bor+

(cooking) katsu: Panko breaded and deep-fried Japanese food.


stasi

Borrowed from Dutch statie (“station”) (compare Afrikaans stasie (“station”)), from French station, from Old French estation, estacion, from Latin stātiō, stātiōnem. Doublet of stasiun and stase. Cognate of Afrikaans stasie (“station”).

(Catholicism) administration division in a parish.


histogram

Borrowed from Dutch histogram, from English histogram.


karakter

From Dutch karakter, from Middle Dutch caracter, from Middle French caractère, from Old French caractere, from Latin character, from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr).

(computing, mathematics) a written or printed symbol, or letter.

character:
a written or printed symbol, or letter.

(computing) one of the basic elements making up a text file or string: a code representing a printing character or a control character.


promotor

From Dutch promotor, from Latin promotor.

(education) promotor: a full professor of a university who acts as the principal supervisor of a student's doctoral research.


spalk

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch spalk (“splint”), from Middle Dutch spalke.

ubor

pasang spalk (bidai)

splint (supportive and immobilising device)


romo

From Javanese ꦫꦩ (rama, “father”), from Old Javanese rāma (“father”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *amax (“father”), from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”). Semantic loan from Portuguese padre (“priest”, literally “father”).


arja

From Balinese ᬅᬃᬚ (arja), probably from Sanskrit ऋज् (ṛj). Cognate of Old Javanese arjya, arja, rĕja (“good, beautiful, fortunate”).

cog

(drama) a Balinese dramatic performance, but often only a dance.