anggaran dasar

Compound of anggaran (“rule”) + dasar (“basic”), a calque of Dutch grondregel. Compare to Japanese 基本定款(きほんきやく) (kihonkiyaku, “memorandum of association”, literally “basic code”).

ja-r

memorandum of association
memorandum of association

memorandum of association (a document that governs the relationship between a company and the outside world)


garis tengah

Compound of garis (“line”) + tengah (“centre, central”).
* Sense of diameter, calque of Dutch middellijn.

com

(geometry) diameter: any straight line between two points on the circumference of a circle that passes through the centre/center of the circle.


melayat

to visit a funeral, wake or simply go on a condolence visit to the family of a deceased


kapitasi

Affixed kapita + -si, from English capitation (constructed as it was borrowed from Dutch capitatie), from Latin capitationem, from caput (“head”).

(healthcare) capitation: a system of remuneration for providers of health care, in which providers enroll patients as permanent clients and receive a fixed periodic payment for each enrollee.


adiafora

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀδιάφορος (adiáphoros).

lbor

(philosophy) adiaphoron: an indifferent matter.


mukmin

id-noun

mukmin (plural mukmin-mukmin or para mukmin or mukminin)

mukmin-mukmin (plural)
para mukmin (plural)
mukminin (plural)

From Malay mukmin, from Arabic مُؤْمِن (muʔmin). The plural form mukminin comes from Arabic مُؤْمِنِين (muʔminīn).


RUU

(law) initialism of rancangan undang-undang (“bill”).


Bima Sakti

From Malay Bima Sakti, from Javanese ꦧꦶꦩꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (bimasekti), ultimately put together from Sanskrit भीम (bhīma). (a character from the Mahabharata, a popular epic in Javanese culture) and Sanskrit शक्ति (śakti, “magical power”). This was derived from a Javanese myth that imagines the Milky Way in the sky as Bhima (the white stars) fighting a great snake (the black stripes).


pelana

From Malay pelana, from Prakrit pallāṇa, from Sanskrit पल्याण (palyāṇa). Cognate with Acehnese peulana, Old Javanese palana.

(meteorology) col: the point of intersection of a trough and a ridge in the pressure pattern of a weather map.

(construction) gable roof: a single-ridge roof that terminates at gable ends.


bingsu

Learned borrowing from Korean 빙수 (bingsu, “shaved ice”), from Sino-Korean word from 氷水.


penyesuaian

pênyêsuaian (canonical)
penyesuaian-penyesuaian (plural)

(accounting) the settling or balancing of a financial account.

(art) the process of adapting an artistic work from a different medium; an artistic work that has been adapted from a different medium.

(biology) the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness; a state reached by the population during that process; phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection.


data raya

Compound of data + raya, from Malay data raya, calque of English big data.


aburage

(cooking) aburaage: a Japanese food consisting of deep-fried slices of tofu.


aemono

From Japanese 和(あ)え物(もの) (aemono, “salad”, literally “dressed thing”).


mahadata

Affixed maha- + data, calque of English big data. Attested in 2014.


ansietas pisah

Compound of ansietas + pisah, calque of English separation anxiety.

(psychology, psychiatry) separation anxiety


aset lancar

Compound of aset + lancar, previously aktiva lancar, partial calque of Dutch vlottende activa (“current asset”).

partial calque

(accounting, finance) current asset: any asset which can reasonably be expected to be sold, consumed, or exhausted through the normal operations of a business within the current fiscal year or operating cycle or financial year (whichever period is longer).


dan/atau

(formal, law) a conjunction word for inclusive or.


brunois

From English brunoise, from French brunoise.

(cooking) brunoise: a very fine dice; a method of cutting vegetables, usually to the dimensions of 2 mm or less, by julienning and then cutting many times at a 90-degree angle to the julienne.


builon

From English bouillon, from French bouillon, from the verb bouillir (“to boil”), from Old French boillir, from Latin bullīre (“to bubble, boil”), from bulla (“bubble”).

(cooking) bouillon: a clear seasoned broth made by simmering usually light meat, such as beef or chicken..


daging pelana

Compound of daging (“meat”) + pelana (“saddle”).

(cooking) saddle: a cut of meat that includes both loins and part of the backbone.


daging putih

Compound of daging (“meat”) + putih (“white”).

(cooking) white meat: meat which is pale in color before and after cooking.


Dipawali

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali, “Diwali”, literally “a row of lights, illumination”).

lbor

(Hinduism) Diwali: an annual festival of light, observed during several days in October and November.


deret konsonan

Compound of deret + konsonan, calque of English consonant sequence.


deret vokal

Compound of deret + vokal, calque of English vowel sequence.


komedi stambul

Compound of komedi (“comedy”) + stambul (literally “Istanbul”).

com

(drama) a 20ᵗʰ-century Malay play, which was inspired by Western play.


stambul

Ultimately from Ottoman Turkish استانبول, from corruption of Byzantine Greek εἰς τὴν Πόλιν (eis tḕn Pólin, “to the City”).

der

εἰς τὴν Πόλιν

komedi stambul
komedi stambul#Indonesian

(music) a type of Indonesian musical style that typically makes use of the kroncong.


tata hukum

Compound of tata + hukum, calque of Dutch rechtsorder.


penawaran umum perdana saham

penawaran (“offering”) + umum (“public”) + perdana (“first”) + saham (“stock”), literally “stock first public offering”

com

penawaran umum perdana (alternative)
penawaran umum saham perdana (alternative)
penawaran saham perdana (alternative)

initial public offering
initial public offering

(business, finance) initial public offering


kadrun

(derogatory, politics, religious slur) abbreviation of kadal gurun: a term mostly used for Indonesian opposition groups, also including narrow-minded people and those influenced by Islamic fundamentalist groups


kadal gurun

Compound of kadal (“lizard”) + gurun (“desert”). First coined in the derogatory sense during the period of the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election, but it remained largely unknown until 2020.

(derogatory, politics) a term mostly used to refer Indonesian opposition groups, also including narrow-minded people and those influenced by Middle East fundamentalist groups.


ayam goreng

ayam gorèng (canonical)
ayam-ayam goreng (plural)

Compound of ayam + goreng, from Malay ayam goreng.


vinyet

Borrowed from French vignette, diminutive of vigne (“vine”), from Latin vīnea, from vīnum (“wine”).

(architecture) a running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used in Gothic architecture.

(printing) a decorative design, originally representing vine branches or tendrils, at the head of a chapter, of a manuscript or printed book, or in a similar position.

(printing) any small borderless picture in a book, especially an engraving, photograph, or the like, which vanishes gradually at the edge.


naik banding

Compound of naik (“to raise”) + banding (“appeal”), probably calque from Chinese 上告 (“to appeal”, literally “to raise an appeal”).


inti atom

Compound of inti (“core”) + atom, calque of Dutch atoomkern (“atomic nucleus”).

clq

(chemistry, nuclear physics) atomic nucleus: a nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.


tekanan darah

têkanan darah (canonical)
TD (alternative)

Compound of tekanan (“pressure”) + darah (“blood”), a calque of Dutch bloeddruk.

com+

blood pressure (the pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries and veins; it varies during the heartbeat cycle, and according to a person's age, health and physical condition)


tekanan

(linguistics) accent: a higher-pitched or stronger articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.


pendadaran

Affix dadar + peng- -an, calque of Javanese ꦤ꧀ꦢꦢꦂ (ndadar), ꦢꦢꦂ (dadar, “to examine, to test”).

(Yogyakarta, Central Java, education) thesis defense

(rare, education) defense for kuliah kerja nyata


kebut

From Malay kebut, from Proto-Malayic *kabut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kabut. Doublet of kabut.
* The colloquial senses are semantic loan from Betawi and Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀ (kebut, “duster”), probably from Malay kebut (“to clean the dust”).
* The speeding sense is a Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀ (kebut, “to speed”), probably as extension of "to disappear" sense.

(colloquial, soccer) the referee ('s signal flag).


syarat dan ketentuan

Compound of syarat + dan + ketentuan. Calque of English terms and conditions.

terms and conditions
terms and conditions


S&K

syarat dan ketentuan
syarat dan ketentuan#Indonesian

(law) initialism of syarat dan ketentuan (“terms and conditions”).


pemegang saham

Compound of pemegang (“holder”) + saham (“share; stock”), calque of Dutch aandeelhouder (“shareholder”).


cacing benang

[ˈt͡ʃat͡ʃɪŋ bəˈnaŋ]


kroisan

From French croissant (a spelling pronunciation).

(cooking) croissant (a flaky roll or pastry in a form of a crescent)


kitar

kitar-kitar (plural)
kintar (alternative)

Contraction of ke- + edar, from Malay kitar. Compare Old Javanese kedĕr (“turned round; overturned; wandering, spinning”).

cog

(transport) cycle: the number of activities that can be carried out by a means of transportation from one starting point per unit time.


sungut

(zoology) barbel: whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.


erupsi

From Dutch eruptie, from Middle French éruption, from Latin eruptiō.

(geology) a violent ejection, such as the spurting out of lava from a volcano.

(dermatology) an infection of the skin resulting in a rash or blemishing.


transkrip

From Dutch transcript, from Latin transcriptum, from transcribere.

transcript: something which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy.

(education) transcript of academic record; diploma supplement.


pemerintah pusat

Compound of pemerintah (“government”) + pusat (“central”).

com

(politics, government) central government: the highest level of government in a unitary state.


hak asasi manusia

Compound of hak (“right”) + asasi (“basic”) + manusia (“human”). Compare to Japanese 基本的人権(きほんてきじんけん) (kihontekijinken, literally “basic human right”) and Chinese 基本人權／基本人权.

ja-r

(law) human right: a basic right that all humans should be guaranteed by virtue of them being a human.


sastra klasik

(literature) pre-European contact literature.


denotasi

From Dutch denotatie, from French dénotation, from Latin denotatio.

(logic, linguistics, semiotics) denotation: The primary, surface, literal, or explicit meaning of a signifier such as a word, phrase, or symbol; that which a word denotes, as contrasted with its connotation; the aggregate or set of objects of which a word may be predicated.


dasarian

Blend of dasa- (“ten”) + harian (“daily”).


pengujian inkremental

Compound of pengujian + inkremental, calque of English incremental testing.


dewan mahasiswa

(education) students' union: student organization to provide services to students, especially of higher education.


marhaen

marhaén (canonical)
marhain (alternative)

der

Arabic مرهاءين


marhaenisme

→ English: Marhaenism


marhaenis

→ English: Marhaenist


bodok

Inherited from Malay bodok, from Javanese budhug.


kerupuk

kêrupuk (canonical)
krupuk (alternative)
kroepoek (alternative)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀ (krupuk), from Old Javanese kěrupuk (“crunchy flake”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka- + *rupuk (“crack”), probably onomatopoeic. Cognate with Malay keropok, Tagalog kropek. Doublet of keropok.

krupuk (prawn crackers, or any other deep-fried crackers from Indonesian (Javanese) cuisine)


konfigurasi

From Dutch configuratie, from Latin cōnfigūrātiō.

(chemistry, physics) the arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure like a crystal.

(algebra) a finite set of points and lines (and sometimes planes), generally with equal numbers of points per line and equal numbers of lines per point.


anjungan tunai mandiri

id-noun

anjungan tunai mandiri (plural anjungan-anjungan tunai mandiri)

anjungan-anjungan tunai mandiri (plural)
ATM (alternative)
anjungan transaksi mandiri (alternative)

Compound of anjungan (“platform; pavilion”) + tunai (“cash”) + mandiri (“autonomous; independent”), literally “autonomous cash platform”, a phono-semantic matching of English automated teller machine. Coined by Komisi Istilah.

psm

automated teller machine
automated teller machine

automated teller machine (a device that provides bank customers without a human teller)


pembuluh darah

id-noun

pembuluh darah (plural pembuluh-pembuluh darah)

Compound of pembuluh (“vessel”) + darah (“blood”), calque of Dutch bloedvat (“blood vessel”). The sense in anatomy was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English vein.

clq

(anatomy) blood vessel: a component of the circulatory system, such as an artery, capillary, or vein, that carries blood.


cemani

Borrowed from Javanese ꦕꦼꦩꦤꦶ (cemani, “pure black”).

bor+

cemani:


teokratis

téokratis (canonical)
téokratik (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch theocratisch.

(politics) theocratic: Pertaining to theocracy.


SKL

surat keterangan lulus
surat keterangan lulus#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of surat keterangan lulus.


kabotase

kabotasê (canonical)
kabotaj (alternative)

From Dutch cabotage, from French cabotage.

(law) cabotage: the right to engage in transport of goods or passengers between two points in the same country.


anjungan

(computing) platform (computer system used to deliver services to clients)


abstraksi

Internationalism, affixed abstrak + -si, from Dutch abstractie, from Middle French abstraction, from Latin abstractiō.

(psychology) preoccupation: absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects.

(computing) any generalization technique that ignores or hides details to capture some kind of commonality between different instances for the purpose of controlling the intellectual complexity of engineered systems, particularly software systems.


ruang muatan

Compound of ruang + muatan, calque of Dutch scheepsruim.

(nautical) cargo hold: a hold on a ship (a ship's hold includes the forehold and stern hold), used to store cargo during a voyage.


muatan

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry, physics) an electric charge.


otoritas nasional

(government, politics) national authority.


listrik statis

Compound of listrik + statis, calque of Dutch statische elektriciteit (“static electricity”).


kompleksitas siklomatik

Compound of kompleksitas + *siklomatik, from English cyclomatic complexity.

cyclomatic complexity
cyclomatic complexity


proteolisis

(biochemistry) proteolysis: the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids, especially as part of the digestion of food.


kapita selekta

From Dutch capita selecta, from Latin capita selecta (literally “selected paragraph/section”).

der

(education) selected important (compare to anthology) scientific publication


kapitalisasi

Affixed kapital + -isasi, from Dutch kapitalisatie.

(business) an issue of shares by a company known as a rights issue or bonus issue.


afidavit

Borrowed from Dutch affidavit, from Medieval Latin affidavit (“he has sworn”).

(law, literal) affidavit: a signed document wherein an affiant makes a sworn statement.

(government, specifically) the form of immigration facilities provided to a child holding a foreign passport who has limited dual citizenship in the form of a sticker containing a valid explanation regarding the child's limited dual citizenship status and is affixed to the child's foreign passport, when entering Indonesia are exempt from the obligation to have a visa, immigration permit and re-entry permit.


rica-rica

(cooking) rica-rica: a type of Southeast Asian hot and spicy bumbu (spice mixture) found in Manado cuisine of North Sulawesi, Indonesia.


diagnosis banding

Compound of diagnosis + banding, calque of Dutch differentiële diagnose.

differential diagnosis
differential diagnosis#English

(medicine, colloquial) differential diagnosis.


diagnosis diferensial

Compound of diagnosis + diferensial, calque of Dutch differentiële diagnose.


hematuri

hématuri (canonical)
hematuria (alternative)

From Dutch hematurie, from French hématurie.

(pathology) hematuria, haematuria: the presence of blood in the urine


hipoglikemia

hipoglikèmia (canonical)
hipoglikemi (alternative)

(pathology) hypoglycemia: a too low level of blood glucose.


ginekomastia

ginékomastia (canonical)
ginekomasti (alternative)

Compare English gynecomastia and Dutch gynaecomastie.

(pathology) gynecomastia, gynaecomastia: excessive development of breasts in males, resembling the breast development in women.


sinkope

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ). Doublet of sinkop.

lbor

(linguistics, phonology, prosody) syncope: the loss or elision of a sound, from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable.


sinkop

From Dutch syncope, from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ). Doublet of sinkopé.

(pathology) syncope: a loss of consciousness when someone faints.


silinder

silindêr (canonical)
sêlèndêr (alternative)

From Dutch cilinder, from French cylindre or directly from Latin cylindrus (“roller, cylinder”), from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros, “a cylinder, roller, roll”), from κυλίνδω (kulíndō, “to roll”).

der

(geometry) a surface created by projecting a closed two-dimensional curve along an axis intersecting the plane of the curve; a solid figure bounded by a cylinder and two parallel planes intersecting the cylinder.


mengedep

head

mêngêdèp (base/imperative dep, active mengedep, passive didep)

mêngêdèp (canonical)
mengedep (active)
didep (passive)

(surgery) to press, to compress, or to apply pressure at bleeding site, specifically with gauze.


perawatan

(medicine) nursing: the process or profession of caring for patients as a nurse.


rawat jalan

Compound of rawat (“care”) + jalan (“walk”), calque of Dutch ambulante zorg (literally “ambulatory care”).

clq

(healthcare) ambulatory care, outpatient care: medical care provided on an outpatient basis, including diagnosis, observation, consultation, treatment, intervention, and rehabilitation services.


rawat inap

Compound of rawat (“care”) + inap (“to stay”), calque of Dutch intramurale zorg (literally “inpatient care”).

(healthcare) inpatient care: medical care of patients whose condition requires admission to a hospital.


salah guna

Compound of salah (“mis-”) + guna (“use”), calque of Dutch misbruik (“abuse”, literally “misuse”).

(law) base form of penyalahgunaan (“abuse”)


NIK

(government) initialism of nomor induk kependudukan (“resident registration number”).


mengoperasi

head

mêngopêrasi (active mengoperasikan, passive dioperasi)

mêngopêrasi (canonical)
mengoperasikan (active)
dioperasi (passive)

(surgery) to operate: to perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.


tahun akademi

Compound of tahun (“year”) + akademi (“academy”), calque of English academic year.


koskap

(medicine, colloquial) (part of) clinical clerkship, clinical rotation: period of medical education in which students – medical, nursing, dental, or otherwise – practice medicine under the supervision of a health practitioner.


rawan

(anatomy) ellipsis of tulang rawan (“cartilage”).


kelenjar adrenal

Compound of kelenjar (“gland”) + adrenal (“adrenal”).

com+

adrenal gland (in mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism)


buaya darat

Compound of buaya (“crocodile”) + darat (“land”).


tulang rawan

Compound of tulang (“bone”) + rawan (“fragile; young, smooth”). Compare to Chinese 軟骨／软骨 (ruǎngǔ, “cartilage”, literally “soft; weak + bone”) and Dutch kraakbeen (literally “crack bone”).

cog

(anatomy) cartilage: A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates.


rujukan

Affixed rujuk + -an, from Malay rujukan.

(healthcare) referral, referring: the act or process of transferring someone or something to another, of sending by reference.


wahah

From Malay wahah, from Arabic واحة (wāḥa), from Coptic ⲟⲩⲁϩⲓ (ouahi), from Demotic wḥj, from Egyptian G43-V28-G1-X1:N25 (wḥꜣt). Doublet of oasis.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">wḥꜣt</i>


rujuk

From Malay rujuk, from Arabic رُجُوع (rujūʕ, “return; answer; reference”).

(healthcare) to transfer a patient's care from one clinician to another.


widyaprada

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, science, scholarship”) + प्रद (prada, “granting”).


SJSN

jaminan sosial
jaminan sosial#Indonesian

(government) initialism of sistem jaminan sosial nasional (“national social security system”).


rejimen

réjimèn (canonical)
regimen (alternative)

(medicine) regimen: any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation.


alinyemen

From Dutch alignement, from French alignement.

Alinyemen horizontal merupakan sumbu proyeksi jalan pada bidang horizontal.

Horizontal alignment is road projection axis on horizontal plane.

(transport) alignment: the precise route or course taken by a linear way (road, railway, footpath, etc.) between two points.


antrean

(computing) a data structure in which objects are added to one end, called the tail, and removed from the other, called the head (in the case of a FIFO queue), which the term can also refer to a LIFO queue or stack where these ends coincide.


navigasi

Borrowed from Dutch navigatie, ultimately derived from Latin nāvigātiō.

the theory, practice and technology of charting a course for a road vehicle, ship, aircraft, or spaceship.

traffic or travel by vessel, especially commercial shipping.

the act of accessing different components of the user interface of software.


navigasi

head

navigasi (active menavigasi, passive dinavigasi)

menavigasi (active)
dinavigasi (passive)

(transitive) to plan, control and record the position and course of a vehicle, ship, aircraft, etc., on a journey; to follow a planned course.

(intransitive, only conjugated with "meng-") to give directions, as from a map, to someone driving a vehicle.

(intransitive, only conjugated with "meng-") to travel over water in a ship; to sail.

(transitive) to move between web pages, menus, etc. by means of hyperlinks, mouse clicks, or any other mechanism


simpleks

Learned borrowing from Latin simplex. Doublet of simpel.


formatif

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch formatief, from Middle French formatif.

(grammar) Pertaining to the inflection of words.

formative:
Pertaining to the inflection of words.

(education) Denoting forms of assessment used to guide learning rather than to quantify educational outcomes.


formatif

(grammar) formative: A language unit that has morphological function.


statif

Borrowed from Dutch statief, from Latin statīvus (“stationary; permanent”).

der

Ujung yang lain ikatkan pada tiang statif yang lain.

The other end is tied to another retort stand.

(chemistry) retort stand, clamp stand, ring stand, or support stand: a piece of scientific equipment intended to support other pieces of equipment and glassware — for instance, burettes, test tubes and flasks.

Kalimat statif adalah kalimat yang predikatnya bukan merupakan verba aktif.

A stative sentence is a sentence whose predicate is not an active verb

(grammar) stative: a construct asserting that a subject has a particular property.


pengepungan

pêngêpungan (canonical)
pengepungan-pengepungan (plural)


kereta api bawah tanah

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Old Catalan carro
Old Catalan -eta
Old Catalan carretabor.?
Old Galician-Portuguese carreta
Portuguese carretabor.
Malay kereta
Proto-Malayo-Chamic *apuy
Proto-Malayic *api
Malay api
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej?
Chinese 火 (huǒ)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos
Proto-Tocharian *kuk(ä)lebor.?
Chinese 車 /车
Chinese 火車 /火车 (huǒchē)calq.
Malay kereta api
Indonesian kereta api
Proto-Malayic *bawah
Malay bawah
Indonesian bawah
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəq
Proto-Malayic *tanah
Malay tanah
Indonesian tanah
Middle English undergrounde
English undergroundcalq.
Indonesian bawah tanah
Chinese 地
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/j/tder.?
Chinese 下 (xià)
Chinese 地下
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hljak
Chinese 鐵 /铁 (tiě)
Chinese 格?
Chinese 路 (lù)
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?
Proto-Celtic *īsarnombor.
Proto-Germanic *īsarną
Proto-West Germanic *īsarn
Old High German īsarn
Middle High German īsern
German Eisen
Middle High German ban
German Bahn
German Eisenbahncalq.
Chinese 鐵路 /铁路 (tiělù)
Chinese 地下鐵路 /地下铁路 (dìxià tiělù)calq.?
Japanese 地下
Japanese 鉄道
Japanese 地下鉄道calq.?
Indonesian kereta api bawah tanah
Compound of kereta api (“train”) + bawah tanah (“underground”), probably calque from Chinese 地下鐵路／地下铁路 or Japanese 地下鉄道(ちかてつどう) (chikatetsudō).


derajat

dêrajat (canonical)
darjah (alternative)

From Malay darjah, derajat, from Classical Malay درجه (darjah), درجه (derajat), from Arabic دَرَجَات (darajāt), plural form of دَرَجَة (daraja, “degree”).

(education) a stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university or, in some countries, a college, as a certification of academic achievement.

(geometry) a unit of measurement of angle equal to ¹⁄₃₆₀ of a circle's circumference.

Suhu permukaan rata-rata planet ini telah meningkat sekitar 2 derajat Fahrenheit (1 derajat Celsius) sejak akhir abad ke-19.

This planet surface temperature has been increasing about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celcius) since end of 19th century.

(physics) a unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit.

(geography) a unit of measurement of latitude and longitude which together identify a location on the Earth's surface.


à charge

Unadapted borrowing from French à charge (“incriminating, inculpatory; dependent”)


à décharge

Unadapted borrowing from French à décharge (“exculpatory, extenuating”)


beskap

From Javanese ꦧꦼꦱ꧀ꦏꦥ꧀ (beskap), probably from Dutch beschaafd (“cultured; courteous”).

(fashion) Javanese formal men shirt: thick shirts, not folded collars, usually dark in color, but almost always plain.


marsekal

marsêkal (canonical)
marsyal (alternative)

From Dutch maarschalk (compare Afrikaans maarskalk), from Middle Dutch maerschalc, maerscalc, marscalc, from Old Dutch mariskalk, from Proto-West Germanic *marhaskalk (compare French maréchal), from Proto-Germanic *marhaz (“horse”) + *skalkaz (“servant, knight”).

(military) a military officer of the highest rank in several countries, including France and the former Soviet Union; equivalent to a general of the army in the United States


moluska

Learned borrowing from New Latin Mollusca.


kotoran

Inherited from Malay kotoran. Equivalent to kotor (“dirty, filthy”) + -an.

dung, excrement (human and animal solid waste from the bowels)


ekstradisi

From Dutch extraditie, French extradition, itself from Latin Latin ex- + traditio.

(law) extradition: a formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government is handed over to another government for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence.


ablasi

→ Malay: ablasi

From Dutch ablatie, from French ablation, from Late Latin ablātiō (“a taking away”).

(geology) the removal of a glacier by melting and evaporation; the lowering of a land surface by any of several means, as in wind erosion or mass wasting.

(meteorology) the depletion of surface snow and ice from a spacecraft or meteorite through melting and evaporation caused by friction with the atmosphere.

(surgery) the surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor.

(cardiology) ablation therapy using radio frequency waves on the heart is used to cure a variety of cardiac arrhythmiae.


aksidental

From English accidental, from Middle French accidentel, accidental, and their source, Late Latin accidēntālis.

(music) accidental: adjusted by one or two semitones, in temporary departure from the key signature.


akreditasi

akrèditasi (canonical)
akreditasi-akreditasi (plural)

From Dutch accreditatie, from French accréditation.

(education) the granting of approval to an institution of higher learning by an official review board after the school has met certain requirements.

(politics) the aggregate of acts connected with the appointment of, and the assumption of duties by, a head of diplomatic representation or of a permanent representative of a state.


akusatif

From Dutch accusatief, from Latin accūsātīvus.


meritokrasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch meritocratie (“meritocracy”).

bor+

(politics) meritocracy: rule by merit and talent; a type of society where wealth, income, and social status are assigned through competition.


adaptasi

From Dutch adaptatie, from French adaptation, from Medieval Latin adaptātiō, from Latin adaptō (“I fit, adjust, modify; I adapt, fit or adjust to”).

der

(evolutionary theory) adaptation (the process or instance of an organism adapting to its environment)


adendum

adèndum (canonical)
adendum-adendum (plural)
adènda (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin addendum, accusative gerund of addō.

(law, real estate) especially text added as an appendix or supplement to a document.


adekuat

From Dutch adequaat, from Latin adaequātus.


afinitas

(chemistry) an attractive force between atoms, or groups of atoms, that contributes towards their forming bonds.

(immunology) the attraction between an antibody and an antigen.


aglutinasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch agglutinatie, from French agglutination, from New Latin agglūtinātiō.

(biology) the clumping together of red blood cells or bacteria, usually in response to a particular antibody.

(linguistics) combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning.


agregasi

agrégasi (canonical)
agregasi-agregasi (plural)

From Dutch aggregatie, from Latin aggregātiō.

aggregation:
(biology) any gathering of organisms.

aggregation:
any gathering of organisms.

(networking) summarizing multiple routes into one route.

(statistics) the process of combining raw data into a summary to make it easier to analyze.


alegori

From Dutch allegorie, from French allégorie, from Latin allegoria, from Ancient Greek ἀλληγορία (allēgoría).

(literature) allegory: a narrative in which a character, place, or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues and occurrences.


amunisi

From Dutch ammunitie, from Middle French amunition, from Latin munire (“to equip”).

(firearms) ammunition: articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.


amonia

From Dutch ammonia, from Latin sal ammoniacus (“salt of Amun, ammonium chloride”), named so because it was found near the temple of (Jupiter) Ammon in Egypt.


andesit

(geology) andesite: a class of fine-grained intermediate igneous rock, of volcanic origin, containing mostly plagioclase feldspar.


tabuhan

tabuhan-tabuhan (plural)
tebuan (alternative)

Inherited from Classical Malay tabuhan, from Proto-Malayic *tabuhan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabuqan. Doublet of tawon.


antagonis

From Dutch antagonist, from Latin antagonista, from Ancient Greek ἀνταγωνιστής (antagōnistḗs, “opponent”) (ἀντί (antí, “against”) + ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “a combatant, pleader, actor”)), from ἀνταγωνίζομαι (antagōnízomai, “antagonize”).

ἀνταγωνιστής

(biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology) a chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, blocking the action of agonist chemicals.

(literature) the main character or force opposing the protagonist in a literary work or drama.

(anatomy) a muscle that acts in opposition to another.


anteseden

an‧té‧sè‧dên

From Dutch antecedent, from French antécédent, from Latin antecēdēns (“go before”).

(linguistics, grammar) A word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun.


antihistamina

Affixed anti- + histamina, from Dutch antihistamine.


apopleksi

From Dutch apoplexie, from Late Latin apoplexia, from Ancient Greek ἀποπληξία (apoplēxía).


apersepsi

From Dutch apperceptie, from French aperception (New Latin apperceptiō, used by Gottfried Leibnitz (1646–1716)).


aposisi

From Dutch appositie, from Middle French apposition, from Latin appositiō.


akuaduk

Borrowed from Dutch aquaduct, from Latin aquaeductus (“conveyance of water”), from aqua (“water”) + dūcō (“I lead”, “I bring”).

(anatomy) A structure conveying fluid, such as the cerebral aqueduct or vestibular aqueduct.


argumen

From Dutch argument, from French argument, from Latin argūmentum, from arguō (“prove, argue”).

(linguistics) any of the phrases that bears a syntactic connection to the verb of a clause.


aristokrasi

From Dutch aristocratie, from French aristocratie, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀριστοκρατίᾱ (aristokratíā, “aristocracy”, literally “government by the best”).

ἀριστοκρατίᾱ

the nobility, or the hereditary ruling class.


aransemen

From Dutch arrangement, from French arrangement.

(music) arrangement: an adaptation of a piece of music for other instruments, or in another style.


artikulasi

From Dutch articulatie, from French articulation, from Latin articulātiō.

(anatomy) the location at which two or more bones make contact.

(botany) a joint between two separable parts, as a leaf and a stem

(Standard Malay)

(linguistics) the manner in which a phoneme is pronounced.


aspirasi

From Dutch aspiratie, from French aspiration, from Latin aspiratio.

(linguistics) a burst of air that follows the release of some consonants.

(medicine) inhalation of foreign material in the air passages.

(medicine) the action of aspirating (a sample of fluid, tissue, or other substance that is withdrawn from a body cavity, cyst, or tumor).


asonansi

From Dutch assonantie, from French assonance, from Latin assonāre.

(literature) assonance: the repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds (though with different consonants), usually in literature or poetry.


bengek

bêngèk (canonical)
bengek-bengek (plural)
Indonesian (alternative)
Standard Malay (alternative)


atribusi

From Dutch attributie, from Middle French attribution, from Latin attributio.

(psychology) the interpretive process by which people make judgments about the causes of their own behavior and the behavior of others.

(communication) an explicit or formal acknowledgment of ownership or authorship.

(law) granting of government authority by lawmakers to government organs.


panlok

Acronym of panda lokal (literally “local panda”).

acronym

(slang, prostitution, pornography) beautiful Chinese-descendant female in Indonesia


bakarat

(card games) baccarat: a card game resembling chemin de fer with many forms - usually entailing the player(s) betting against two or three hands dealt - also bearing some similarities to blackjack.


konselor

konsêlor (canonical)
kaunselor (alternative)

From Dutch counselor, from English counselor, from Old French conseillier, from Latin consiliator, agent noun from cōnsilior (“I take counsel”), from cōnsilium (“plan, council, wisdom, advice”).

(politics) a high ranking diplomat, usually just below an ambassador or minister.


barbiturat

(organic chemistry) any salt or ester of barbituric acid.

barbiturate:
any salt or ester of barbituric acid.

(pharmacology) any of derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants of the central nervous system and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.


biseps

From Dutch biceps, from Latin biceps (“two-headed”).

(anatomy) biceps: any two-headed muscle.


biopsi

From Dutch biopsie, from French biopsie, from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”).

(pathology) biopsy: the removal and examination of a sample of tissue, cells, or bodily fluid from a living body for diagnostic purposes.


bugenvil

From Dutch bougainville, from translingual Bougainvillea. Named after Louis Antoine de Bougainville.

(botany) bougainvillea, shrub of the genus Bougainvillea.

Louis Antoine de Bougainville
id:bugenvil


kapiler

kapilèr (canonical)
کاڤيلاري (kapilari) (alternative)

From Dutch capillair, from Latin capillāris (“pertaining to the hair”), from capillus (“the hair, properly of the head”), from caput (“head”).

der

(anatomy) Any of the small blood vessels (from 5 to 10 micrometres/micrometers (μm) in diameter) that connect arteries to veins (They are the smallest blood vessels in the body: they convey blood between the arterioles and venules).


karbida

karbid (alternative)
karbit (alternative)

any binary compound of carbon and a more electropositive element.

(chemistry) carbide:
calcium carbide (CaC₂).


kardiografi

From Dutch cardiografie, from French cardiographie.


katekese

Borrowed from Dutch catechese, from Latin catēchēsis with subsequent influence of French catéchèse.

(Christianity) catechesis (religious instruction)


selebran

sélêbran (canonical)
selebran-selebran (plural)

From Dutch celebrant, from French célébrant.

(Catholicism) celebrant: A person who officiates at a religious ceremony, especially a marriage or the Eucharist.


selibat

From Dutch celibaat, from French célibat, from Latin caelibātus (“celibacy, a single life”), perfect passive participle of caelibare, from caelebs (“unmarried”).


kredibilitas

krédibilitas (canonical)
krédibiliti (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin credibilitas, from Latin credibilis.

lbor

(law) believability of statements by a witness, as measured by whether the testimony is probable or improbable when judged by common experience.


koagulasi

From Dutch coagulatie, from Middle French coagulation, from Latin coagulatio, coagulationem.

(hematology) The process by which blood forms solid clots.


koasisten

koasistèn (canonical)
koas (alternative)

(education, medicine) medical students in clinical clerkship phase.


koasistensi

(education, medicine) clinical clerkship phase.


koedukasi

Affixed ko- + edukasi, from Dutch co-educatie.

(education) coeducation: the education of male and female students in the same institution.


kolokasi

Affixed ko- + lokasi, from Dutch collocatie, from Latin collocātiō (“a putting together”).

(linguistics) collocation: The grouping or juxtaposition of things, especially words or sounds.

(linguistics, translation studies) A sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance (i.e., the statistically significant placement of particular words in a language), often representing an established name for, or idiomatic way of conveying, a particular semantic concept.


koloid

From English colloid, from French colloïde, from Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -oid.

(chemistry) A stable system of two phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of very small droplets or particles.


kompilasi

From Dutch compilatie, from French compilation, from Latin compīlātiō, from compīlō + -tiō.

(countable, uncountable, computing) Translation of source code into object code by a compiler.


komplikasi

From Dutch complicatie, from Middle French complication, from Latin complicatio, complicationem.

(medicine) A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.


kompresi

From Dutch compressie, from Middle French compression, from Latin compressiō.

(computing) The process by which data is compressed.


Afandi

Ultimately from Arabic أَفَنْدِي (ʔafandī, “mister; sir”).

der

Affandi (alternative)
Afandy (alternative)
Affandy (alternative)


Lukman

Ultimately from Arabic لُقْمَان (luqmān).


nirbunga

nir- + bunga (“interest”), literally “without interest”.

prefix

Bank nirbunga


nirsuara

nir- + suara (“voice”). Calque of English voiceless.

(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) voiceless: Spoken without vibration of the vocal cords


astasari

From Balinese ᬅᬱ᭄ᬝᬲᬭᬶ (astasari), equivalent to asta- + sari.

(Balinese architecture) the multi-purpose main hall building in the eastern or southern part of the sanctuary.


narkose

narkosê (canonical)
narkosis (alternative)

From Dutch narcose, from French narcose.

Dalam stadium narkose, dilakukan insisi bidang horizontal 2 jari di bawah pusat panjang 5 cm.

In narcosis stage, incision performed on 2 fingers below the navel with length of 5 cm.

(medicine) narcosis: unconsciousness caused by a drug, anaesthetic or other chemical substance.


relikui

From Dutch relikwie, from Old French, from Latin reliquiae (“remains, relics”), from relinquō (“I leave behind, abandon, relinquish”), from re- + linquō (“I leave, quit, forsake, depart from”).

(religion) relic: A part of the body of a saint, or an ancient religious object, kept for veneration.


komunikan

From Dutch communicant, from Latin cōmmunicāns.

(Catholicism) A person who receives (or is allowed to receive the elements (i.e., bread and wine) of) the sacrament of Holy Communion.


konkurensi

From Dutch concurrentie, from Middle French concurrence.
* The computer science sense of concurrency is a semantic loan from English concurrency.

(computer science) concurrency: A property of systems where several processes execute at the same time.


kondensasi

From Dutch condensatie, from Latin condēnsātiō.

(thermodynamics) the conversion of a gas to a liquid.

condensation:
the conversion of a gas to a liquid.

(psychology) when a single idea (an image, memory, or thought) or dream object stands for several associations and ideas.


konfederasi

From Dutch confederatie, from French confédération, from Middle French [Term?], from Latin cōnfoederātiō.

(politics) confederation: a union or alliance of (largely) independent sovereign states or political organizations.


konifera

konifèra (canonical)
konifér (alternative)

From Latin cōnifer (“bearing cones”), from cōnus (“cone”) + ferō (“to bear”).

(botany) conifer: A plant belonging to the order Coniferales; a cone-bearing seed plant with vascular tissue, usually a tree.


konjugasi

From Dutch conjugatie, from Latin coniugātiō (“combining, connecting; conjugation”), from coniugō (“join, unite together”).

der

(biology) The temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction.

(linguistics, grammar) The act of conjugating a verb.

conjugation:
The act of conjugating a verb.

(biochemistry) Covalently linking a biomolecule with another molecule.


konjungsi

From Dutch conjunctie, from Old French conjonction, from Latin coniūnctiō (“joining”), from coniungere (“to join”).

(astronomy) conjunction (the alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth)

(grammar) conjunction (a word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences)

(logic) conjunction (the proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the ∧ operator)


konotasi

From Dutch connotatie, from Medieval Latin connotātiō, from connotō (“I mark in addition”), from Latin con- (“together, with”) + noto (“I note”).

(semantics) connotation: A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.


konsekrasi

From Dutch consecratie, from Latin cōnsecrātiō.


konstelasi

From Dutch constellatie, from French constellation, from Latin cōnstēllātiō, from con- (“together”) + stēllātus (“starred”), from stēlla (“star, astral body”).

(astronomy) An asterism, an arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure or pattern, or a division of the sky including it, especially one officially recognised by astronomers.


produktif

From Dutch productief, from French productif, from Late Latin productīvus, or formed from Latin productus with the suffix -if.

(linguistics) productive (consistently applicable to any of an open set of words)

(medicine) productive (producing new tissue)


produktivitas

From produktif + -itas, displaced the older produktivitet, a loan word from Dutch productiviteit.

produktifitas (alternative)
produktivitet (alternative)

(linguistics) productivity (ability to form new words using established patterns and discrete linguistic elements)


konvulsi

From Dutch convulsie, from French convulsion, from Latin convulsiō, convulsiōnem.


kopulasi

From Dutch copulatie, from Middle Dutch copulacie, from Middle French copulation, from Latin cōpulātiō.


Retno

From Javanese [Term?], ultimately from Sanskrit [Term?].


Adinda

From Malay adinda, from Classical Malay اديندا (adinda).


Putri

Ultimately from Sanskrit पुत्री (putrī).


korelasi

Affixed ko- + relasi, from Dutch correlatie, from French corrélation, from Latin correlātiō.

(statistics) One of the several measures of the linear statistical relationship between two random variables, indicating both the strength and direction of the relationship.


korosi

From Dutch corrosie f (“corrosion”), from Old French corrosion, or its source, Late Latin corrōsiōnem, accusative singular of corrōsiō (“gnawing away, corroding”), from Latin corrōdō (“gnaw away, corrode”).

(chemistry) erosion by chemical action, especially oxidation.


kuliner

kulinèr (canonical)
kulinari (alternative)

From Dutch culinair, from French culinaire, from Latin culīnārius.

(cooking) culinary: relating to the practice of cookery or the activity of cooking; of or relating to a kitchen.


kumulus

(meteorology) cumulus: A large white puffy cloud that develops through convection. On a hot, humid day, they can form towers and even become cumulonimbus clouds.


kuretase

From Dutch curettage, from French curetage.

(surgery, obstetrics) curettage: The removal of unwanted tissue from a body cavity using a curette.


siklotron

From Dutch cyclotron, from English cyclotron.


dekanat

From Dutch decanaat and dekenaat, from Medieval Latin decānātus, from Latin decānus.

(education, Christianity) The position held by a dean.

(Christianity) decanate: The group of parishes for which a rural dean has responsibility.


mie goreng

Nonstandard spelling of mi goreng (“fried noodles”).


deklinasi

déklinasi (canonical)
deklinasi-deklinasi (plural)

From Dutch declinatie, from Middle Dutch declinacie, from Latin dēclīnātiō.

(astronomy) one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system

(geography, physics) the angle between magnetic north and true north; the angle between the line connecting this point with the geographical center of the earth and the equatorial plane.

(grammar) declension: the act of declining a word; the act of listing the inflections of a noun, pronoun or adjective in order.


dekonstruksi

From Dutch deconstructie. By surface analysis, de- + konstruksi.

(philosophy, literature) A philosophical theory of textual criticism; a form of critical analysis that emphasizes inquiry into the variable projection of the meaning and message of critical works, the meaning in relation to the reader and the intended audience, and the assumptions implicit in the embodied forms of expression.


ekstasi

ékstasi (canonical)
ekstasi-ekstasi (plural)

From English ecstasy. Doublet of ekstase.

Dia adalah seorang bandar ekstasi.


kriptografi

From Dutch cryptografie, from French cryptographie.


krisopras

Borrowed from Dutch chrysopraas, from Latin chrysoprassus, from Ancient Greek χρυσόπρασος (khrusóprasos).


FV

(education) Initialism of fakultas vokasi.


defek

From Dutch defect, from Latin dēfectus, dēfectum.


tanya jawab

tanya-tanya jawab (plural)
tanya dan jawab (alternative)
T&J (alternative)


soal sering ditanya

id-noun

soal sering ditanya (plural soal-soal sering ditanya)

soal (“problem, a question to be answered”) + sering (“often”) + ditanya (“asked”). Coined by Pusat Bahasa.


tanya dan jawab

id-noun

tanya dan jawab (plural tanya-tanya dan jawab)

tanya-tanya dan jawab (plural)
TDJ (alternative)


tanya jawab umum

tanya jawab umum (plural tanya-tanya jawab umum)

tanya-tanya jawab umum (plural)
TJU (alternative)

tanya (“question”) + jawab (“answer”) + umum (“common, general”).


perang saudara

id-noun

perang saudara (plural perang-perang saudara)

perang (“war”) + saudara (“sibling”), from Malay perang saudara.


koyan

A former unit of weight equivalent to around 27 to 40 piculs


selawat

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic صَلَوَات (ṣalawāt), plural of صَلَاة (ṣalāh, “salat, prayer”), from Classical Syriac ܨܠܘܬܐ (ṣəlōṯāʾ, “prayer”).

der

salawat (alternative)
salwat (alternative)
sholawat (alternative)
solawat (alternative)


ebi furai

From Japanese エビフライ (ebifurai), from ebi (“shrimp”) + fry.

(cooking) fried shrimp, specifically breaded and deep-fried prawn dish, of darker and crunchy texture.


absorpsi air

Compound of absorpsi + air, perhaps an calque of English water absorption.

water absorption (the amount of water absorbed by a material)


tarekat

tarèkat (canonical)
tarekat-tarekat (plural)
tarikat (alternative)
thoriqot (alternative)
thariqat (alternative)
tariqat (alternative)

Inherited from Malay tarékat, from Arabic طَرِيقَة (ṭarīqa).

(Islam) tariqa, religious brotherhood, dervish order.

(Catholicism) order: a group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles.


agen pengelat

/ˈaɡɛn pəŋəˈlat̚/

Compound of agen + pengelat, calque of English chelating agent.

(chemistry) chelating agent: any compound that reacts with a metal ion to produce a chelate.


kue akar kelapa

Compound of kue (“cookies”) + akar (“root”) + kelapa (“coconut”), literally “coconut root-shaped cookies”.


aliansi penerbangan

Compound of aliansi + penerbangan, from calque of English airline alliance.

(transport, tourism) airline alliance: aviation industry arrangement between two or more airlines agreeing to cooperate on a substantial level.


lengkung insang

id-noun

lengkung insang (plural lengkung-lengkung insang)

lengkung + insang (“gill”), Calque of Latin arcus branchialis.


tutup insang

tutup insang (plural tutup-tutup insang)

tutup (“cover”) + insang (“gill”). Calque of English gill cover.


rongga sel

(cytology) Synonym of vakuola (“vacuole”)


dinding sel

dinding sel (plural dinding-dinding sel)


jaringan dasar

jaringan dasar (plural jaringan-jaringan dasar)

Compound of jaringan (“tissue”) + dasar, calque of English ground tissue.


aluakas

(zoology) Helmeted friarbird (Philemon buceroides).


globalisme

Affixed global + -isme, from English globalism. Compare French globalisme.


konjungtiva

konjungtiva-konjungtiva (plural)
konjunktiva (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin conjūnctīva (“serving to connect, connective”, feminine), ellipsis of membrāna conjūnctīva (“conjunctive membrane”).

ellipsis

(anatomy) conjunctiva: a clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera.


deduksi

déduksi (canonical)
deduksi-deduksi (plural)

→ Malay: deduksi

Affixed de- + *duksi, from Dutch deductie, from Middle Dutch deductie, from Latin dēductiō.

(logic) a process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.


lencang

From Minangkabau [Term?]. Semantic loan from Japanese ならえ (narae) for military sense.

(military) to dress: to arrange (soldiers or troops) into proper formation; especially, to adjust (soldiers or troops) into straight lines and at a proper distance from each other; to align.


balik kanan

Compound of balik + kanan (“right”), calque from Japanese 回(まわ)れ右(みぎ) (mawaremigi, “turn (around) right”).

ja-r

(military) about turn, to the rear, march


istirahat di tempat

Compound of istirahat (“rest”) + di (“at”) + tempat (“place”), compare to Japanese 整列休(せいれつやす)め (seiretsuyasume).


jalan di tempat

Compound of jalan + di + tempat, a translation of Japanese 足踏(あしぶ)み、進(すす)め (ashibumi, susume).


langkah tegap

Compound of langkah (“step”) + tegap (“firm”), calque from Mandarin 正步 (zhèngbù, literally “straight march, upright march”).


kontrak berjangka

id-noun

kontrak berjangka (plural kontrak-kontrak berjangka)

Compound of kontrak (“contract”) + berjangka, partial calque of Dutch termijncontract.

(finance) futures contract: a standardized contract, traded on a futures exchange, to buy or sell a standardized quantity of a specified commodity (or financial instrument) of standardized quality at a certain date in the future, at a stated price (the futures price).


jam terbang

Compound of jam (“hour”) + terbang (“flight”), calque of English flight hours.

(aviation) flight hours: total amount of time spent piloting aircraft, and serves as the primary measure of a pilot's experience.


Nusa

From Javanese nusa (ꦤꦸꦱ, “island”), from Old Javanese nūsa (“island”).

an unknown-gender given name from Java (Kuningan, Cilacap, Waikanabu, Surakarta, Wangkanapi), which means "island" or "land" (colloquially)


pemerintah daerah

Compound of pemerintah (“government”) + daerah (“regional, local”).

com

(politics, government) local government.


kebijaksanaan

kêbijaksanaan (canonical)
kebijaksanaan-kebijaksanaan (plural)

Affixed bijaksana + ke- -an, from Malay kebijaksanaan.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦮꦶꦕꦏ꧀ꦱꦤ (wicaksana) for the sense of policy, introduced in The Speech of President Sukarno, 28 December 1964 and reached the peak during the Suharto administration.


istibra

Inherited from Malay istibra, from Arabic اِسْتِبْرَاء (istibrāʔ).

der

اِسْتِبْرَاء

Arabic اِسْتِبْرَاء (istibrāʔ)

(Islam) to abstinence from sexual intercourse.


bozah

(cooking) boza: a fermented drink made from wheat or millet.


kebuli

kêbuli (canonical)
kebuli-kebuli (plural)
kabuli (alternative)
kabuli (alternative)

From Malay kabuli, kebuli, from Classical Malay کبولي (kabuli), کبولي (kebuli), from Arabic كَابُلِيّ (kābuliyy), from Persian کابلی (kâboli).

(cooking) rice cooked in goat meat broth, goat milk, and clarified butter, influenced especially by Yemeni Arab (mandi rice or kabsa), Indian (biryani rice), and Afghan (kabuli palaw)


gulud

From Javanese ꦒꦸꦭꦸꦢ꧀ (gulud, “seedbed”).


piadah

From Malay piadah, from Persian پیاده (piyâde, “pawn (chess)”), from Middle Persian pdʾtk' (payādag). Doublet of bidak.


ketan

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦼꦠꦤ꧀ (ketan, “glutinous rice”), from Old Javanese kĕtan (“glutinous rice”).


ketan

(education) Acronym of ketua angkatan (“head of class”).


darwis

From Malay darwis, from Persian درویش (darviš), from Middle Persian dlgwš (driyōš, “poor, needy”).

der

(Islam) Dervish (a member of a Sufi Muslim ascetic fraternity of mendicant friars)


Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat

Compound of dewan perwakilan (“parliament”, literally “representative council”) + rakyat (“people”), calque from Dutch volksvertegenwoordigings (literally “people's representation”) + raad (“council”). Compare with Belgian Dutch Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (“Chamber of Representatives”).

cog

House of Representatives
House of Representatives

(Indonesian politics) House of Representatives, the lower house of the Republic of Indonesia

id:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
nl:Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers


timbul

Borrowed from Balinese ᬢᬶᬫ᭄ᬩᬸᬮ᭄ (timbul).

bor+

Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus altilis#Translingual

(botany) breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis, syn. Artocarpus communis).


sebelumnya

(television) recapitulating the preceding episodes of a series


feses

From Dutch faeces, from Latin faecēs, nominative plural of faex (“residue, dregs”).


massa jenis

Compound of massa (“mass”) + jenis (“quality”), compare translingual 密度.

(physics) density: a measure of the mass of matter contained by a unit volume.


terbuka

(sports) Of a tournament or competition, allowing anyone to enter, especially or originally irrespective of professional or amateur status.


obstetri

obstètri (canonical)
obstetrik (alternative)

From Dutch obstetrie, from Latin obstetricius (“belonging to a midwife”), from obstetrīx (“midwife”).


pengakuan iman

id-noun

pengakuan iman (plural pengakuan-pengakuan iman)

Compound of pengakuan (“confession”) + iman (“faith”), calque of Dutch geloofsovertuiging (“creed”, literally “faith confession”).


hisop

Borrowed from Dutch hysop (“hyssop”), from Medieval Latin hȳsōpum.

(botany) any of several aromatic bushy herbs, of the genus Hyssopus, native to Southern Europe and once used medicinally.

Origanum syriacum
Origanum syriacum#Translingual

(biblical) a plant used used for sprinkling of blood or water in purification rituals and at Passover (Origanum syriacum).

(Catholicism) aspergillum, the holy-water sprinkle: an implement, in the form of a brush or of a rod with a perforated container, for sprinkling holy water.


seperempat

(music) crotchet, quarter note: a musical note one beat long in 4/4 time.


laporan keuangan

id-noun

laporan keuangan (plural laporan-laporan keuangan)

Compound of laporan (“report”) + keuangan (“finance”), calque of Dutch financieel (jaar)verslag (“(annual) financial statement”, literally “(annual) financial report”).

clq

(accounting, business) financial statement.


distribusi

From Dutch distributie (“distribution”).

(business, economics, marketing) the process by which goods get to final consumers over a geographical market, including storing, selling, shipping and advertising.

(mathematics) generalized functions used to formulate solutions of partial differential equations.

probability distribution
probability distribution

(statistics) probability distribution; the set of relative likelihoods that a variable will have a value in a given interval.


rumah kaca

Compound rumah (“house”) + kaca (“glass”), from English glasshouse.

(agriculture) greenhouse: a building used to grow plants, particularly one with large glass windows or plastic sheeting to trap heat from sunlight even in intemperate seasons or climates.


tempat tinggal

id-noun

têmpat tinggal (plural tempat-tempat tinggal)

têmpat tinggal (canonical)
tempat-tempat tinggal (plural)

Compound of tempat (“place”) + tinggal (“residence”), calque from Chinese 住所 (“domicile”).


dewan menteri

id-noun

dèwan mêntêri (plural dewan-dewan menteri)

dèwan mêntêri (canonical)
dewan-dewan menteri (plural)

Compound of dewan (“council”) + menteri (“minister”), calque of Dutch ministerraad (“council of ministers”).

clq

council of ministers
council of ministers

(politics, government) cabinet, council of ministers, group of ministers.


kuadran

From Dutch kwadrant, from French quadrant, from Latin quadrāns (“fourth part of something, quarter”).

der

(mathematics) one of the four regions of the Cartesian plane bounded by the x-axis and y-axis.

(geometry) one fourth of a circle or disc; a sector with an angle of 90°.

(nautical) a measuring device with a graduated arc of 90° used in locating an altitude.


pembelahan sel

id-noun

pêmbêlahan sèl (plural pembelahan-pembelahan sel)

pêmbêlahan sèl (canonical)
pembelahan-pembelahan sel (plural)

Compound of pembelahan + sel, calque of Dutch celsplitsing (“cell division”, literally “cell splitting”).


tabungan

tabungan-tabungan (plural)
tabung (alternative)


demam tifoid

Compound demam (“fever”) + tifoid (“typhoid”).


batuan beku

Compound of batuan (“rock”) + beku (“frozen”), calque of Dutch stollingsgesteente (“igneous rock”, literally “freezing rock”).


batuan

(geology) rock: any natural material with a distinctive composition of minerals.


feodalisme

féodalismê (canonical)
féudalisme (alternative)

Affixed feodal + -isme, from Dutch feodalisme.

(history, politics) feudalism: A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject).


dekomposisi

dékomposisi (canonical)
dekomposisi-dekomposisi (plural)

Affixed de- + komposisi, from Dutch decompositie.

(biology) a biological process through which organic material is reduced to e.g. compost.

(computer science) the act of taking something apart, e.g. for analysis.

(chemistry) the splitting (of e.g. a matrix, an atom or a compound) into constituent parts.


eceran

ècèran (canonical)
eceran-eceran (plural)

(business) retail: the sale of goods directly to the consumer, encompassing the storefronts, mail-order, websites, etc., and the corporate mechanisms, branding, advertising, etc. that support them.


depresi

From Dutch depressie, from French dépression, from Latin dēpressiō, from dēprimō + -tiō

(economics) A period of major economic contraction.

depression:
A period of major economic contraction.

(psychology, psychiatry) A state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future.

(geography) An area that is lower in topography than its surroundings.

(meteorology) An area of lowered air pressure that generally brings moist weather, sometimes promoting hurricanes and tornadoes.


perundang-undangan

(law) legislation: law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body.


kondensor

kondènsor (canonical)
kondensor-kondensor (plural)
kondénser (alternative)

From Dutch condensor, from French condenseur.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering) condenser: a device designed to condense a gas into a liquid, either as part of a still, steam engine, refrigerator or similar machine.


waktu paruh

Compound of waktu (“time”) + paruh (“half”), a calque of Dutch halveringstijd (“half-life”, literally “halving time”).

clq

(physics) half-life (the time required for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay)

(chemistry) half-life (the time required for concentration to fall to half)

(medicine) half-life (time for a substance to lose half of its activity)


populasi

From Dutch populatie, from Latin populātiō, populare (“to populate”), populus (“a people, population”).

(biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.

(statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.


transkripsi

From Dutch transcriptie, from Middle French transcription, from Latin transcriptiōnem, trānscrībō (“transcribe”).

(linguistics) A representation of speech sounds as phonetic symbols.

(genetics) The synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA.


sitoplasma

From Dutch cytoplasma, from German Cytoplasma.


ribosom

From Dutch ribosoom, from English ribosome.


imperialistik

(politics) imperialistic: of or pertaining to imperialism or imperialists; favoring imperialism.


fasakh

(Islam, law) divorce by judicial decree.


pemabuk

Inherited from Malay pemabuk
. Equivalent to peng- + mabuk.

drunk, drunkie, drunkard (a habitual drinker, especially one who is frequently intoxicated)


tablig

From Malay tabligh, from Arabic تَبْلِيغ (tablīḡ), verbal noun of بَلَّغَ (ballaḡa), causative of بَلَغَ (balaḡa, “to reach, arrive”).


tawakal

From Malay tawakal, from Arabic تَوَكَّلَ (tawakkala, “to rely on, to trust”).

der

(Islam) to rely on and trust entirely on God.


hidayah

hidayah-hidayah (plural)
hidayat (alternative)

From Malay hidayah, from Arabic هِدَايَة (hidāya, “guidance”), هَدَى (hadā).


inspirasi

From Dutch inspiratie, from French inspiration, from Latin īnspīrātiō, īnspīrāre.

(physiology) the drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm, as part of the act of respiration.


tayamum

Inherited from Malay tayamum, from Arabic تَيَمُّم (tayammum).

(Islam) tayammum: the wiping of one's face and hands against dust, sand or a clean physical object in place of wudhu for the bereft or bedridden, dry ablution.


Hidayat

Ultimately from Arabic هِدَايَة (hidāya).


qiraah

qiraah-qiraah (plural)
kiraah (alternative)
kiraat (alternative)

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic قِرَاءَة (qirāʔa).

an event at which written material is read aloud.

a piece of literature or passage of scripture read aloud to an audience.


iktidal

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic اِعْتِدَال (iʕtidāl).

(Islam) position of standing upright after bowing (rukuh) and before prostrating one's self (sujud).


istigfar

istigfar-istigfar (plural)
istighfar (alternative)

From Malay istighfar, from Arabic اِسْتِغْفَار (istiḡfār).

اِسْتِغْفَار

Arabic اِسْتِغْفَار (istiḡfār)

(Islam) istighfar: Act of asking God for forgiveness.


makmum

From Malay makmum, from Arabic مَأْمُوْمٌ (maʔmuwmun).

(Islam) congregation, who repeats prayers after their imam.


mukminat

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic مُؤْمِنَات (muʔmināt), مُؤْمِن (muʔmin).


mengamankan

head

mêngamankan (active mengamankan, ordinary passive diamankan, adversative passive teramankan)

mêngamankan (canonical)
mengamankan (active)

Operasi Tumpas Narkoba Semeru 2024 yang dilaksanakan 11-22 September lalu berhasil mengamankan 16, 819 kilogram sabu-sabu (SS) dan 3,7 kilogram ganja.

2024 October 28, Guntur Irianto, “Operasi Tumpas Narkoba Semeru 2024, Amankan 16,8 Kilogram Sabu dan 83 Tersangka”, in radarsurabaya.id (news), retrieved 2024-11-06:


usali

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic أُصَلِّي (ʔuṣallī), singular first-person non-past (imperfect) indicative of صَلَّى (ṣallā).


madrasah tsanawiyah

id-noun

madrasah tsanawiyah (plural madrasah-madrasah tsanawiyah)

madrasah sanawiah
madrasah sanawiah#Indonesian

(Islam, education) official spelling of madrasah sanawiah.


muhrim

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic مُحْرِم (muḥrim).

(Islam) male who enter into the state of ritual consecration (of a pilgrim to Mecca).


izin mendirikan bangunan

Compound of izin (“permit”) + mendirikan (“to construct”) + bangunan (“building”).

com

(construction, law, historical) building permit, construction permit, planning permission.


nasabah

From Malay [Term?], from Arabic نَسَبَ (nasaba, “to correlate”), نِسْبَة (nisba, “relationship, affiliation”).
* Displaced Dutch relatie (“relation, relationship”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


Weda

From Malay Weda, from Sanskrit वेद (veda, “knowledge”).


ekspansi

id-noun

èkspansi (countable and uncountable, plural ekspansi-ekspansi)

èkspansi (canonical)
ekspansi-ekspansi (plural)

From Dutch expansie, from Latin expānsiō.

ekspansi horizontal

horizontal expansion, horizontal integration

ekspansi vertikal

vertical expansion, vertical integration

(economics) expansion (an increase in the market value of an economy over time)


visum et repertum

Learned borrowing from Latin visum et repertum (literally “seen and discovered”).

lbor

(medicine, law) professional witness statement written by medical practitioner who testifies to the facts of a case and part of evidence given under oath in court.


S.S.I.

Sistem Informasi
sistem informasi#Indonesian

Abbreviation of Sarjana Sistem Informasi.


SBI

Sertifikat Bank Indonesia
Sertifikat Bank Indonesia#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of Sertifikat Bank Indonesia.


SBI

(education) Initialism of sekolah bertaraf internasional.


kuantum

From Dutch quantum, from Late Latin quantum, noun use of neuter form of Latin quantus (“how much”).

(physics) the smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon.


resistansi

résistansi (canonical)
resistansi-resistansi (plural)
résistènsi (alternative)

Internationalism, affixed resistans + -si, from Dutch resistantie, from French résistance, from Latin resistentia.

electrical resistance
electrical resistance

resistance
(electricity) electrical resistance.


ensambel

énsambel (canonical)
ansambêl (alternative)
ensembel (alternative)

From English ensemble, from French ensemble, from Old French ensemble, from Latin in simul. Displaced earlier form ansambel, a loanword from Dutch ensemble.

(music) ensemble: a piece for several instrumentalists or vocalists.


ansambel

ansambêl (canonical)
ansambel-ansambel (plural)

From Dutch ensemble, from French ensemble, from Old French ensemble, from Latin in simul. Replaced by ènsambêl, a loanword from English ensemble.

(music) alternative spelling of ènsambêl (“ensemble: a piece for several instrumentalists or vocalists”).


mahkota bunga

id-noun

mahkota bunga (plural mahkota-mahkota bunga)

Compound of mahkota (“crown”) + bunga (“flower”), calque of Dutch bloemkroon (“corona”, literally “flower crown”).


presentasi

présèntasi (canonical)
presentasi-presentasi (plural)

Internationalism, from Dutch presentatie, from Old French presentation (French présentation), from Latin praesentātiōnem, accusative singular of praesentātiō (“representation, exhibition”).

(medicine) the symptoms and other possible indications of disease, trauma, etc., that are exhibited by a patient who has sought, or has otherwise come to, the attention of a physician.

(obstetrics) the position of the foetus in the uterus at birth.


persenyawaan

pêrsênyawaan (canonical)
persenyawaan-persenyawaan (plural)

(chemistry) compounding: the act of mixing or combining substances to make a compound.


reduksi

réduksi (canonical)
reduksi-reduksi (plural)

Internationalism, from Dutch reductie, from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry) A reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

(surgery) A medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment, usually with a closed approach but sometimes with an open approach (surgery).


himpunan kosong

id-noun

himpunan kosong (plural himpunan-himpunan kosong)

Compound of himpunan (“set”, literally “collection”) + kosong (“empty”).

com

(set theory) empty set, null set: The unique set that contains no elements, denoted ∅ or {}.


kantong empedu

id-noun

kantong empedu (plural kantong-kantong empedu)

Compound of kantong (“pocket”) + empedu (“bile”).


deselerasi

désèlêrasi (canonical)
deselerasi-deselerasi (plural)

dé‧sè‧lê‧ra‧si

Internationalism, from Dutch deceleratie.

(classical mechanics) deceleration: The amount by which a speed or velocity decreases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity).


reproduksi

réproduksi (canonical)
reproduksi-reproduksi (plural)

Internationalism, affixed re- + produk + -si, from Dutch reproductie.

(biology, formal) the act of reproducing new individuals biologically.


serbuk sari

Compound of serbuk (“powder”) + sari (“flower”), compare to Chinese 花粉 (huāfěn, “pollen”, literally “flower + dust, powder”) and Malay debunga (“pollen”, literally “dust + flower”).

ncog

(botany) pollen: A fine granular substance produced in flowers. Technically a collective term for pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants.


gas mulia

Compound of gas (“gas”) + mulia (“noble”), calque of Dutch edelgas (“noble gas”).


sarden

sardèn (canonical)
sarden-sarden (plural)
sardencis (alternative)
sardin (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch sardien, from Middle Dutch sardeyne, sardayne, sardine, from Latin sardina.


ovulasi

From Dutch ovulatie, from French ovulation.

(physiology) ovulation: the release of an ovum from an ovary.


komisi yudisial

(government) commission to "maintain the honor, dignity and behavior of judges".


bioindikator

Internationalism, affixed bio- + indikator, borrowed from English bioindicator.


lempung

lêmpung (canonical)
lempung-lempung (plural)

en:Gadjah Mada University
en:IPB University

From Javanese ꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ (lempung, “clay; constipation”), from Old Javanese lĕmpuṅ (“soft, fleshy, plump, thick”).

der

(soil science) a mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.

(geology) a particle less than 3.9 microns in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.

(soil science) loam: a type of soil; an earthy mixture of sand, silt and clay, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due.


daya paksa

Compound of daya + paksa, calque of Dutch overmacht.


keadaan kahar

Compound of keadaan (“situation”) + kahar (“all-powerful; tyrannical”).


putusan bebas

Compound of putusan (“verdict”) + bebas (“guiltless”, literally “free”), compare to Japanese 無罪判決(むざいはんけつ) (muzaihanketsu, “acquittal”, literally “guiltless verdict”).


juru sita

Compound of juru + sita, translation of Dutch deurwaarder.

(law) bailiff, huissier de justice: an officer of the courts responsible for executing warrants and court orders; a deputy bailiff charged with debt collection.


habituasi

id-noun

habituasi (countable and uncountable, plural habituasi-habituasi)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habituatie, from Medieval Latin habituātio.

habituation (the act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated)


deflasi

déflasi (canonical)
deflasi-deflasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deflatie, from French déflation.

(economics) A decrease in the general price level, that is, in the nominal cost of goods and services as well as wages.

deflation:
(geology) A mode of wind erosion.


degradasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch degradatie, from French dégradation.

(Standard Malay)

(geology) A gradual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks and banks, by the action of water, frost etc.


dehidrasi

déhidrasi (canonical)
dehidrasi-dehidrasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch dehydratie.


asisten ahli

asisten ahli (plural asisten-asisten ahli)

Compound of asisten (“assistant”) + ahli (“expert”).

(education) (junior) assistant professor (academic rank)


hujan asam

Compound of hujan (“rain”) + asam (“acid”).


defekasi

défékasi (canonical)
defekasi-defekasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch defecatie, from French défécation, from Latin dēfaecātiō.

(physiology) defecation, defaecation: The act or process of voiding feces from the bowels.


inti sel

Compound of inti + sel, calque of Dutch celkern (“nucleus”).

(cytology) nucleus: A large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells which contains genetic material.


yurisprudensi

yurisprudènsi (canonical)
yurisprudensi-yurisprudensi (plural)
jurisprudens (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch jurisprudentie, from Latin iūrisprūdentia (“astuteness in the law”).

der

(law) jurisprudence: case law or the body of case law regarding a certain subject.


pemuliaan

Affixed mulia + peng- -an, inherited from Malay pemuliaan (“ennomblement”). The sense of breeding is a calque of Dutch veredeling (“breeding”, literally “ennomblement”).


ketimpangan

kêtimpangan (canonical)
ketimpangan-ketimpangan (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(sociology) inequality: An unfair, not equal, state.


penyimpangan

pênyimpangan (canonical)
penyimpangan-penyimpangan (plural)

(sociology) deviance: Actions or behaviors that violate formal and informal cultural norms such as laws and customs.


psikologi

Borrowed from Dutch psychologie, from French psychologie, from Latin psychologia (coined by Marko Marulić from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”) + Latin -logia (“study of”)).

faktor psikologik yang mempengaruhi kondisi medik


kota administratif

id-noun

kota administratif (plural kota-kota administratif)

Compound of kota (“city”) + administratif (“administrative”). Compare to Chinese 副地级市 (fùdìjíshì, “sub-prefectural city”).

zh-l

(government, historical) The third-level urban administrative division in Indonesia without separate legislative body.


migrasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch migratie, from Middle French migration and its source, Latin migrātiō, from the participle stem of migrō (“I migrate”).

(demography) an instance of moving to live in another place for a while.

(zoology) seasonal moving of animals, as mammals, birds or fish, especially between breeding and non-breeding areas.

(computing) instance of changing a platform from an environment to another one.


penginderaan jauh

Compound of penginderaan (“sensing”) + jauh (“far”), calque of English remote sensing.


indraja

penginderaan jauh
penginderaan jauh#Indonesian

(geography) acronym of penginderaan jauh (“remote sensing”).


urbanisasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch urbanisatie, from English urbanization.

(urban studies) urbanisation, urbanization:

The process of the formation and growth of cities.

The change in a country or region when its population migrates from rural to urban areas.


kontinuitas

Internationalism, affixed kontinu + -itas, learned borrowing from Latin continuitās.

lbor

(Standard Malay)

(mathematics) a characteristic property of a continuous function.


pemrograman

pêmrograman (canonical)
pemrograman-pemrograman (plural)
pemprograman (alternative)

(computing) The act of writing a computer program.

programming:
The act of writing a computer program.


bunga berbunga

Compound of bunga (“flower”) + berbunga (“flowering”), literally “flowering flower”, calque of Dutch rente op rente (“compound interest”, literally “interest of interest”). Compare to German Zinseszins.

clq

compound interest
compound interest#English

(colloquial, finance) compound interest.


reliabilitas

Internationalism, affixed reliabel + -itas.

(Standard Malay)

(education, sciences, statistics) the ability to measure the same thing consistently (of a measurement indicating the degree to which the measure is consistent); that is, repeated measurements would give the same result.

(engineering) ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified time.


proyeksi

proyèksi (canonical)
proyeksi-proyeksi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch projectie, from French projection.

(photography) The image that a translucent object casts onto another object.

(cartography) Any of several systems of intersecting lines that allow the curved surface of the earth to be represented on a flat surface. The set of mathematics used to calculate coordinate positions.

(geometry) An image of an object on a surface of fewer dimensions.

(psychology) A belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own. This includes making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser.


Masehi

Ultimately derived from Arabic مَسِيحِيّ (masīḥiyy).

der+

Christian (of, like or relating to Christianity or Christians)


Masehi

Gregorian calendar
Gregorian calendar#English

Christian Era (the current date era beginning approximately 2000 years ago in the Gregorian calendar, based on the (assumed) birth of Jesus Christ)


pengolah kata

id-noun

pengolah kata (plural pengolah-pengolah kata)

Compound of pengolah (“processor”) + kata (“word”), calque of English word processor.


kotak suara

Compound of kotak (“box”) + suara (“sound, voice”).


potongan

Affixed potong (“cut”) + -an, inherited from Malay potongan. Replaced Dutch aftrek (“deduction”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


asam nukleat

Compound of asam (“acid”) + nukleat. Compare to Esperanto nukleata acido.

(biochemistry, genetics) nucleic acid: Any acidic, chainlike biological macromolecule consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphoric acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases; they are involved in the preservation, replication and expression of hereditary information in every living cell.


presipitat

présipitat (canonical)
presipitat-presipitat (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch precipitaat, from New Latin praecipitatum.

(chemistry) precipitate: a solid that exits the liquid phase of a solution.


gula pereduksi

gula pereduksi (plural gula-gula pereduksi)

(biochemistry) reducing sugar: any sugar that has a potential aldehyde or ketone functional group and thus reacts as a reducing agent.


amilum

Learned borrowing from Latin amylum, from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon), ἀ- (a-, “privative”) + μύλη (múlē, “mill”).


lemak jenuh

/ləˈmaʔ d͡ʒəˈnʊh/

Compound of lemak (“fat”) + jenuh (“saturated”).

(biochemistry) saturated fat: A fat or oil, from either animal or vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids; will typically be solid at room temperature.


lebai

lêbai (canonical)
lebai-lebai (plural)
lebé (alternative)
labai (alternative)

From Malay lebai, from Classical Malay لباي (lĕbai), from Tamil லப்பை (lappai), a name of a trading community.

(Islam, religion) village official in charge of Muslim religious affairs


energi aktivasi

Internationalism, compound of energi + aktivasi.

(chemistry, physics) activation energy: The energy required to initiate a reaction. For example, the flame from the fuse of a firecracker provides a small initial amount of energy, after which the explosive reaction proceeds by itself, releasing a considerably larger quantity of energy. A small push given to a stable but top-heavy object may cause it to fall over; the potential energy released during the fall was present in the system all along but could not be realized as long as the object was upright and balanced.


denaturasi

dénaturasi (canonical)
denaturasi-denaturasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch denaturatie (“denaturation”).

bor+

(Standard Malay)

(biochemistry) denaturation: The change of folding structure of a protein (and thus of physical properties) caused by heating, changes in pH, or exposure to certain chemicals.


asam laktat

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) lactic acid


akidah

Inherited from Malay aqidah, akidah, from Classical Malay عقيدة (aqidah), عقيدة (akidah), from Arabic عَقِيدَة (ʕaqīda, “belief, creed”).


keping darah

id-noun

keping darah (plural keping-keping darah)

Compound of keping + darah, calque of Dutch bloedplaatje.

(hematology) platelet: A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


lempeng darah

lempeng darah (plural lempeng-lempeng darah)

Compound of lempeng + darah, calque of Dutch bloedplaatje.


trombosit

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch trombocyt.


kardiovaskular

Internationalism, borrowed from English cardiovascular.

(cardiology) cardiovascular: Relating to the circulatory system, that is the heart and blood vessels.


kardiovaskuler

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch cardiovasculair, from French cardiovasculaire.

(cardiology) alternative spelling of kardiovaskular (“cardiovascular”).


zat alir

Compound of zat (“substance”) + alir (“flow”), calque from Chinese 流體／流体 (literally “to flow + body”). Compare to Malay bendalir.

(physics) fluid: Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.


sekresi

sêkrèsi (canonical)
sekresi-sekresi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch secretie, from Latin sēcrētiō.

(Standard Malay)

(physiology) secretion: the act of secreting a substance, especially from a gland.


vasodilatasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch vasodilatatie.

(physiology) vasodilation, vasodilatation: Dilation or widening of the blood vessels.


rentang

rêntang (canonical)
rentang-rentang (plural)

Inherited from Malay rentang. Doublet of rantang.

(statistics) range: the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data in a sample; the difference between the largest and smallest observations in the sample.


vasokonstriksi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch vasoconstrictie.

(physiology) vasoconstriction: constriction or narrowing of a blood vessel.


ekskresi

èkskrèsi (canonical)
ekskresi-ekskresi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch excretie, from Middle French excrétion, from Late Latin excretio, excretionis, from Latin excerno.

(physiology) excretion: The process of removing or ejecting material that has no further utility, especially from the body; the act of excreting.


osmoregulasi

osmorégulasi (canonical)
osmoregulasi-osmoregulasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch osmoregulatie.

(physiology) osmoregulation: The homeostatic regulation of osmotic pressure in the body in order to maintain a certain water content (concentration of electrolytes, pH, etc).


kandung kemih

kandung kêmih (plural kandung-kandung kemih)

kandung kêmih (canonical)
kandung-kandung kemih (plural)


transpor aktif

Compound of transpor + aktif, calque of English active transport.

active transport
active transport#English

(biology) active transport: Movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.


difusi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch diffusie, from French diffusion.

(Standard Malay)

(physics) The intermingling of the molecules of a fluid due to random thermal agitation.

(linguistics) The spread of cultural or linguistic practices, or social institutions, in one or more communities.


depresan

déprèsan (canonical)
depresan-depresan (plural)

(pharmacology) depressant: A pharmacological substance which decreases neuronal or physiological activity.


sendi peluru

sendi peluru (plural sendi-sendi peluru)

Compound of sendi (“joint”) + peluru (“projectile”), calque of Dutch kogelgewricht (“ball-and-socket joint”, literally “projectile joint”).

clq

ball-and-socket joint
ball-and-socket joint#English

(anatomy) ball-and-socket joint: A joint in which one segment has a rounded end and the next segment has a bowl-shaped end, with the rounded end being fitted into the bowl shape, allowing the first segment to move around an indefinite number of axes which have one common center.


keasaman

kêasaman (canonical)
keasaman-keasaman (plural)


julang

a buildup of fluid pressure, often quantified as pressure head

the difference in elevation between two points in a column of fluid, and the resulting pressure of the fluid at the lower point

more generally, energy in a mass of fluid divided by its weight


kekar

(geology) fracture: a fault or crack in a rock.


sesar geser

Compound of sesar (“fault”) + geser (“to slide”). Compare to Japanese 横(よこ)ずれ断層(だんそう) (yokozuredansō, literally “side-slippage fault”).


patahan

Affixed patah + -an. The sense “fault” is a semantic loan from Dutch breuk (“fault”, literally “fracture”).

semantic loan

(seismology) fault: A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.


lencang kanan

Compound of lencang (“to dress: to arrange”) + kanan, calque from Japanese 右(みぎ)へならえ (migihenarae).


alat muat-angkut-buang

alat (“tool”) + muat (“load”) + angkut (“haul”) + buang (“dump”)


alat gali-muat

alat (“tool”) + gali (“dig”) + muat (“load”)


endapan

êndapan (canonical)
endapan-endapan (plural)

endapan sedimen


alat garu

(mining) ripper; A hook-like tool used to tear away ore, rock, etc.


jidar

From Malay jidar, from Arabic جِدَار (jidār).


gabah

From Javanese ꦒꦧꦃ (gabah), from Old Javanese gabah, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaʔ (“paddy”). Compare Temiar baa (“rice plants, husked rice”), Semai ba (“rice”), Proto-Khasian *kba (“paddy rice”).


rekrutmen

rékrutmên (canonical)
rekrutmen-rekrutmen (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from English recruitment, from French recrutement.

(Standard Malay)

(management) the process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or recruits for the armed forces.

(physiology) the full aeration of a lung.

recruitment:
the full aeration of a lung.


tata laksana

tata-tata laksana (plural)
tatalaksana (alternative)

tata (“order, arrangement, system”) + laksana (“action, doing, performing”).

(medicine) management: method to treat a disease or condition


modalitas

Internationalism, affixed *modal + -itas.

(linguistics) mood: The inflection of a verb that shows how its action is conceived by the speaker.

(medicine) A method of diagnosis or therapy.

modality:
A method of diagnosis or therapy.


pemandian

pêmandian (canonical)
pemandian-pemandian (plural)


aldehida

aldéhida (canonical)
aldehida-aldehida (plural)
aldéhid (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch aldehyde m, from German Aldehyd, a contraction of the Latin al(cohol) dehyd(rogenātum).

(organic chemistry) aldehyde: Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.


artropoda

artropoda-artropoda (plural)
artropod (alternative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin Arthropoda, from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).

(zoology) arthropod: An invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages.


penerbang

pênêrbang (canonical)
penerbang-penerbang (plural)

Affixed peng- + terbang, calque of Dutch vliegenier.

(aviation) aviator, pilot: A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.


zona nyaman

Compound of zona + nyaman, calque of English comfort zone.

(psychology) comfort zone: The range of circumstances in which a person feels relaxed or able to cope.


jangka sorong

id-noun

jangka sorong (plural jangka-jangka sorong)

/ˈd͡ʒaŋka ˈsɔrɔŋ/

Compound of jangka (“measure, scale”) + sorong (“sliding”), calque of Dutch schuifmaat (“vernier caliper, vernier scale”, literally “sliding scale”).

clq

(metrology) vernier caliper: a type of sliding calipers for measuring the external or internal dimensions of objects, using the vernier scale for improved precision.


peubah

pêubah (canonical)
peubah-peubah (plural)

Affixed peng- + ubah. Compare to Malay pemboleh ubah.

(mathematics): a quantity that may assume any one of a set of values; a symbol representing a variable.


sublimasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch sublimatie, from French sublimation, from Latin sublīmātiō.

(Standard Malay)

(chemistry) The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor state such that it does not pass through the intermediate liquid phase.

(psychology) The transformation of an impulse into something socially constructive.


tangga nada

Compound of tangga (“ladder”) + nada (“tone”), calque of Dutch toonladder (“scale”, literally “tone scale”).

(music) scale: A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.


garis bantu

(engineering) guideline: A light line to help align.

(Standard Malay)

(music) ledger line: A musical notation to inscribe notes outside the lines and spaces of the regular musical staves; a line slightly longer than the note is drawn parallel to the staff, above or below, spaced at the same distances as the notes within the staff.


otot polos

Compound of otot (“muscle”) + polos (“plain”).


konkordansi

konkordansi-konkordansi (plural)
konkordans (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch concordantie, from French concordance, from Medieval Latin concordantia.

(linguistics) concordance: An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place.


interferensi

intêrfêrènsi (canonical)
interferensi-interferensi (plural)
interferens (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch interferentie, from French interférence.

(Standard Malay)

(physics) An effect caused by the superposition of two systems of waves.

(Standard Malay)

(physics) A distortion on a broadcast signal due to atmospheric or other effects.

(linguistics) The situation where a person who knows two languages inappropriately transfers lexical items or structures from one to the other.


lakuan

(drama, literature) expression: The action of expressing thoughts, ideas, feelings, etc.


pesawat tempur

id-noun

pesawat tempur (plural pesawat-pesawat tempur)

pesawat-pesawat tempur (plural)
pespur (alternative)

Compound of pesawat (“plane”, literally “machine”) + tempur (“to attack”), compare to Japanese 戦闘機(せんとうき) (sentōki, “fighter plane”).

com

(military) fighter aircraft, fighter plane.


perpindahan

(mechanics) displacement: A vector quantity which denotes distance with a directional component.


permutasi

pérmutasi (canonical)
permutasi-permutasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch permutatie, from Old French permutacïon, promutatïon and Medieval Latin permūtātiōnem, accusative of permūtātiō.


persidangan

pêrsidangan (canonical)
persidangan-persidangan (plural)

(law) trial: appearance at judicial court in order to be examined.


kapasitas kalor

id-noun

kapasitas kalor (plural kapasitas-kapasitas kalor)

Compound of kapasitas (“capacity”) + kalor (“heat”).

(thermodynamics) heat capacity: The capability of a system to absorb heat energy; the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a system by one temperature unit without any change of phase.


rasio

Borrowed from Dutch ratio, from Latin ratiō.

a number representing a comparison between two named things.

the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient).


asalamualaikum

From Malay assalamualaikum, from Classical Malay السلامعليکم (assalam alaikum), السلامعليکم (assalamu 'alaikum), from Arabic اَلسَّلَام عَلَيْكُم (as-salām ʕalaykum, “peace be upon you”).

der

اَلسَّلَام عَلَيْكُم

assalamualaikum (alternative)
assalamu alaikum (alternative)
assalamoe alaikoem (alternative)
assalamoealaikoem (alternative)

(Islam) salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting)


pemufakatan

pêmufakatan (canonical)
pemufakatan-pemufakatan (plural)

Affixed mufakat + per- -an. Semantic loan from Dutch samenspanning (“conspiracy”).


melawan hukum

Compound of melawan + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch wederrechtelijk (“illegal, against the law”).


dakwaan

Affixed dakwa + -an. Semantic loan from Dutch beschuldiging.

(law) indictment: An official formal accusation for a criminal offense, or the process by which it is brought to a jury.


pembelaan terpaksa

Compound of pembelaan + terpaksa, calque of Dutch noodweer (“self-defence”)


pidana mati

Compound of pidana (“punishment”) + mati (“death”), calque of Dutch doodstraf.


hukuman percobaan

Compound of hukuman (“punishment”) + percobaan, calque of Dutch voorwaardelijke veroordeling (“suspended sentence”).


pelepasan bersyarat

Compound of pelepasan (“release”) + bersyarat (“conditional”), calque of Dutch voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling (“parole”).

clq

(law) parole: Conditional release of a prisoner (now especially before the end of a custodial sentence), or the term or state of such release; the system governing such releases.


pajak penghasilan

Compound of pajak (“tax”) + penghasilan (“income”), calque of Dutch inkomstenbelasting.

(taxation) income tax: a tax levied on earned and unearned income, net of allowed deductions.


pembebasan bersyarat

Compound pembebasan (“release”) + bersyarat (“conditional”), calque of Dutch voorwaardelijke invrijheidstelling (“parole”).


rumah tutupan

Compound of rumah (“house”) + tutupan, calque of Dutch tuchthuis.


kepastian hukum

Compound of kepastian (“certainty”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch regtszekerheid.


penghinaan

pênghinaan (canonical)
penghinaan-penghinaan (plural)

Affixed hina + peng- -an. Used as a semantic loan from Dutch belediging.


pengembang

pêngêmbang (canonical)
pengembang-pengembang (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(business) a real estate developer; a person or company who prepares a parcel of land for sale, or creates structures on that land.

(cooking) leavener: any agent that promotes leavening.


pencucian uang

Compound of pencucian (“washing”) + uang (“money”), calque of English money laundering.

(law) money laundering: The act of engaging in transactions designed to obscure the origin of money, especially money that has been obtained illegally.


penyebut

pênyêbut (canonical)
penyebut-penyebut (plural)

Affixed peng- + sebut (“to tell”). The sense in arithmetic is semantic loan from Dutch noemer (“denominator”).

sl

(arithmetic) denominator: The number or expression written below the line in a fraction (such as 2 in ½).


pembilang

pêmbilang (canonical)
pembilang-pembilang (plural)

Affixed peng- + bilang. Semantic loan from Dutch teller (“numerator”, literally “someone who counts”) for the arithmetic sense.

(arithmetic) numerator: The number or expression written above the line in a fraction (such as 1 in ½).


plastisitas

Learned borrowing from Latin plasticitas.

lbor

(physics) the property of a solid body whereby it undergoes a permanent change in shape or size when subjected to a stress exceeding a particular value (the yield value)

(neurology) how entire brain structures, and the brain itself, can change as a result of experience.


kwasiorkor

kwasiorkor-kwasiorkor (plural)
kwasyiorkor (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kwashiorkor, from English kwashiorkor, from Ga kwašiɔkɔ, kwàṣìɔkɔ́ (“the sickness the older child gets when the next baby is born”).

(pathology, pediatrics) kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition, found in children, caused by dietary insufficiency of protein in combination with a high-carbohydrate diet.


lubang hitam

id-noun

lubang hitam (plural lubang-lubang hitam)

Compound of lubang (“hole”) + hitam (“black”), calque of English black hole.


Efendi

Ultimately from Ottoman Turkish افندی (efendi, “mister; sir”).

der

Effendi (alternative)
Effendy (alternative)
Efendy (alternative)


perdarahan

pêrdarahan (canonical)
perdarahan-perdarahan (plural)


densitas ruah

id-noun

densitas ruah (plural densitas-densitas ruah)


muazin

muazin (plural muazin-muazin or para muazin)

muazin-muazin (plural)
para muazin (plural)
muadin (alternative)
muadzin (alternative)

From Malay muazin, from Arabic مُؤَذِّن (muʔaḏḏin).


Konfrontasi

(historical) Konfrontasi; the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation


Syahla

Borrowed from Arabic شَهْلَاء (šahlāʔ), feminine singular of أَشْهَل (ʔašhal).


bahan peledak

bahan peledak (plural bahan-bahan peledak)

bahan-bahan peledak (plural)
handak (alternative)

Compound of bahan (“material”) + peledak (“burster; explosive”), calque of Dutch springstof.


titik panas

Compound of titik (“point; spot”) + panas (“hot”).

(thermodynamics, rare) melting point, liquefaction point

hot spot: a location which has a higher temperature or amount of radiation than surrounding areas; a place notable for a high level of activity or danger.

(firefighting, forestry) A part of a forest fire which is burning actively.