produk domestik bruto

Compound of produk (“product”) + domestik (“domestic”) + bruto (“gross”), calque of English gross domestic product or calque of Dutch bruto binnenlands product (“gross domestic product”).

cal

Coordinate term: pendapatan nasional bruto

gross domestic product
gross domestic product

gross domestic product (economic production of a particular territory)


magister

magistêr (canonical)
magister-magister (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch magister, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, master, and mester.


mud

Ultimately from Arabic مُدّ (mudd, “a certain dry measure”)

bor

Satu sha' setara dengan empat mud

(Islam) a dry measure (for dates, water, grains, and other things) varying in size, roughly around 510 grams.


tutti frutti

Unadapted borrowing from Sicilian tutti frutti (“all fruits”).


firma

From Dutch firma, from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre, from firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). Doublet of darma and derma.


kiln

From English kiln, from Middle English kilne, from Old English cylene or cyline (“large oven”), from Latin culīna (“kitchen, kitchen stove”).

(archaeology) kiln, an oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.


ku

Borrowed from Min Nan 龜／龟 (ku, “turtle; tortoise”).

(cooking) Ang ku kueh: a small round or oval-shaped Chinese sweet dumpling with soft, sticky glutinous rice flour skin wrapped around a sweet central filling.


ki

The name of the Latin-script letter Q/q.


avant-garde

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.


poli

From Dutch poli (“clinic, outpatient clinic”), from clipping of polikliniek.

bor

Dokter dan perawat positif CoVID-19, poli rumah sakit ditutup.

Doctor and nurse tested CoVID-19 positive, hospital outpatient clinic have been closed.

(healthcare) clipping of poliklinik (“clinic, outpatient clinic”).


bunga

bunga-bunga (plural)
boenga (alternative)

Inherited from Malay bunga, from Classical Malay bunga, from Proto-Malayic *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa. Cognate of Ilocano bunga (“fruit”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”).

(botany) a reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil.


bunga

Unknown
* Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).
* Semantic loan from Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “interest”, literally “childbirth, parturition; offspring”).

sl

(economics, finance) interest: the price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed.


sumpit

From Baba Malay sumpit, from Hokkien 栓筆 /栓笔 (sng-pit, “holding pin”).


ASEAN

(politics) ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.


aporia

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin aporia, from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía).


sashimi

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 刺身(さしみ) (sashimi), from 刺し (さし, sashi, “sticking into, sticking between; slicing”) + 身 (み, mi, “meat, flesh”).

(cooking, nonstandard, common) alternative spelling of sasyimi (“sashimi”).


lading

Borrowed from Dutch lading (“cargo; charge, tension”).

bor+

(nautical) longboat, usually made from a whole tree trunk

(geology) pyroclastic flow, volcanic ash, tephra


sore

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺ (soré, “late afternoon, early evening”), derived from Old Javanese sore (“evening”), from sor (“lower, below”) + we, way (“sun, day”).

bor

the second half of the afternoon; the time of the day from around 3pm until sunset


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking.


medan

From Malay medan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos via Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), Classical Persian میدان (maydān), or Urdu میدان (maidān).

(figurative, physics) region affected by a particular force.

field.
region affected by a particular force.

(figurative, computing) area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value.


ester

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.


swastika

From Malay swastika. Ultimately from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).


terminator

Internationalism, ultimately from post-classical Latin terminātor.

(astronomy) the line between the day side and the night side of a moon, planet or other celestial body.

(computing) a text character or string that serves to mark the end of a document or transmission.


parabola

Learned borrowing from New Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabel.

lbor

(geometry) parabola, the conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).


dinas

From Dutch dienst (“service”), from Middle Dutch dienst, from Old Dutch *thionost, from Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz, *þewanōną, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, be fluid, flow”).

der

Dinas Pendidikan

Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran


digitalis

Internationalism, borrowed from English digitalis, from Latin digitālis (“of the fingers”) (named in reference to the German common name for the plant, Fingerhut (“thimble”)).

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual

(medicine, cardiology, pharmacology) digitalis: a medical extract of Digitalis purpurea prescribed for heart failure etc.


ILO

infeksi luka operasi
infeksi luka operasi#Indonesian

(surgery) Acronym of infeksi luka operasi (“surgical wound infection”).


momentum

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin mōmentum.

(mechanics) of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.


Simon

From Latin Simon, from Ancient Greek Σίμων (Símōn), from Biblical Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (šimʿōn, “hearkening”).

(biblical) Simon: Name of any of a number of men in the New Testament, notably the original name of Apostle Peter.


status

Kegiatan audit dilakukan oleh kepala ruangan pada status pasien yang telah pulang atau meninggal.

2020, Nurman Hidaya, Alfianur, Fitriya Handayani, Manajemen dan Kepemimpinan dalam Keperawatan, Indramayu: Adab, →ISBN:

Audit was done by ward leader on discharged or death patient's medical record.

Suster April menyerahkan status pasien dengan nama Savannah Wiradinata.

2018, Anita Daniel, Secangkir Kopi di Sudut Rumah Sakit, Sleman: Diandra Kreatif:

Nurse April brought Savannah Wiradinata's medical record.

(healthcare) A medical file, medical record.


nominal

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

(grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.


gula

From Malay gula, from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).


bunker

bunkêr (canonical)
bunker-bunker (plural)
bungker (alternative)
bangker (alternative)
banker (alternative)

From Dutch bunker, from English bunker, from German Bunker.

(military) a hardened shelter, often buried partly or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks.

(nautical) a container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship's engine.


biner

From Dutch binair (“binary”), from French binaire, from Latin bīnārius.

(logic) concerning logic whose subject matter concerns binary states.

(arithmetic, computing) concerning numbers and calculations using the binary number system.


Clara

Clara Bernadeth, b. 1994


optimum

Borrowed from Dutch optimum, from Latin optimus (“best, very good”), from the root or in ops (“work”), omnis (“all”).

(biology) optimum: the best or most favorable condition, or the greatest amount or degree possible under specific sets of comparable circumstances.


vital

From Dutch vitaal, from Middle French vital, from Latin vītālis.

(medicine) necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends.


folder

foldêr (canonical)
folder-folder (plural)

(computing) folder (a virtual container in a computer's file system)


gi

From Hindi घी (ghī) or Urdu گھی (ghī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛtá). Cognate of English ghee.


aura

From English aura, from Latin aura (“a breeze, a breath of air, the air”), from Ancient Greek αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”), from ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

(medicine) perceptual disturbance experienced by some migraine sufferers before a migraine headache.

(medicine) telltale sensation experienced by some people with epilepsy before a seizure.


museum

museum-museum (plural)
musium (alternative)
muzium (alternative)

Inherited from Malay museum, from Dutch museum, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “a shrine of the Muses”).

museum: a building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.


aerosol

Affixed aero- + *sol, from English aerosol.


trauma

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

(psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.

(surgery) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.


babka

Borrowed from English babka, most likely from Yiddish באַבקע (babke), from Slavic.

(cooking) babka: a Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins.


edema

édéma (canonical)
edema-edema (plural)
edem (alternative)
édəma (alternative)
udem (alternative)
udêma (alternative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin edema, from Ancient Greek οἴδημα (oídēma, “swelling”), οἰδέω (oidéō, “I swell”).

(pathology) edema, oedema: An excessive accumulation of serum in tissue spaces or a body cavity.


karma

From Sanskrit कर्म (karma), कर्मन् (karman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma,

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.

A force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate.


mandala

From Malay mandala,
from Classical Malay mandala, from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A graphic depiction of the spiritual universe and its myriad realms and deities.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation.


rig

Borrowed from English rig, from Early Modern English rygge, probably of North Germanic origin.

(mining) the special apparatus used for drilling wells.


sprint

(sports) sprint: a short race at top speed.


pita

Inherited from Malay pita, from Portuguese fita, from Latin vitta.

(physics, computing) a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

band
a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.


bela

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦭ (bala, “supporter; army; strength”), from Old Javanese bala (“strength”), borrowed from Sanskrit बल (bala, “power, strength”). Doublet of bala.


bubo

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin būbō, from Ancient Greek βουβών (boubṓn, “groin, swelling”).


Saturnus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch Saturnus, from Latin Saturnus.

(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄.

(Roman mythology) The god of fertility and agriculture, equivalent to the Greek Kronos.


Merkurius

planets of the Solar System: planet dari tata surya: Merkurius · Venus · Bumi · Mars · Jupiter · Saturnus · Uranus · Neptunus [edit]

(astronomy) the planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.

(Roman mythology) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger. He wore winged sandals. Mercury corresponded to the Greek god Hermes.


monomer

monomèr (canonical)
monomer-monomer (plural)
monomər (alternative)


transit

transit-transit (plural)
transito (alternative)

From Dutch transit, from French transit, from Latin trānseō.

(trading) the conveyance of people or goods from one place to another, especially on a public transportation system; the vehicles used for such conveyance.

(astronomy) The passage of a celestial body across the observer's meridian, or across the disk of a larger celestial body.


antigen

Borrowed from Dutch antigeen (“antigen”), from French antigène, from anti- + gène.

bor+

(immunology) antigen: a substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.


ethanol

(chemistry, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of etanol (“ethanol”)


palla

(Catholicism) Alternative spelling of pala


margin

margin-margin (plural)
marjin (alternative)

Borrowed from English margin, from Middle English margyn, from Latin marginem (possibly via Old French margin), accusative of margō (“edge, brink, border, margin”).

(finance) collateral security deposited with a broker, to compensate the broker in the event of loss in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, commodities, etc.


forma

Learned borrowing from Latin fōrma (“form”).

lbor

(biology, taxonomy) form: an infraspecific rank.


pastel

From Portuguese pastel (“a type of pastry”). Doublet of pasta.

(cooking) a type of fried curry puff, similar to empanada


bantal

From Malay bantal, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bandal.

pillow (soft cushion used to support the head in bed)


dawet

Borrowed from Javanese ꦝꦮꦼꦠ꧀ (dhawet), from Old Javanese ḍawĕt.

(cooking) drink from coconut milk and melted sugar with lumps of rice-flour


flora

From Dutch flora, from Latin Flōra (goddess of flowers), flōs (“blossom”), from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-s (“flower, blossom”), from *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”).

der

(botany) plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.

(botany) a book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.

(microbiology) the microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body.


ember

→ Petjo: ember

→ Ternate: ember

A container made of rigid material, often with a handle, used to carry liquids or small items.


adat

From Malay adat, from Persian عادت ('âdat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appurtain, to be proper”).


oikumene

oikuméné (canonical)
oikumene-oikumene (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē). Doublet of ekumene.

learned borrowing

(Christianity) ecumene, unification of Christianity.


ovum

Terbentuk dari ovum yang hina
 Dibuahi sperma dan ludah
 Diberkati jiwa yang cacat

2018, “Lahir Mata Satir”, performed by Deadsquad:

Formed from despised ovum
 Fertilized sperm and saliva
 Blessed with defective soul


gol

From English goal, from Middle English gol (“boundary, limit”), from Old English gāl (“obstacle, barrier, marker”).

der

(sports) In many sports, an area into which the players attempt to put an object; The act of placing the object into the goal.


basa

Borrowed from Dutch base, from French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis.

(chemistry) base (chemical compound that will neutralize an acid)


etude

From Dutch etude, from French étude (“study”), from Old French estude (“study”), from Latin studium (“spirit”). Doublet of studi and studio.

(music) etude: a short piece of music, designed to give a performer practice in a particular area or skill.


mob

Borrowed from English mob, from Middle English mob, short for mobile, from Latin mōbile (vulgus) (“fickle (crowd)”).

(politics) mob: a large or disorderly group of people; especially one bent on riotous or destructive action.


KISS

(management) acronym of koordinasi, integrasi, sinkronisasi, simplifikasi.


UI

Universitas Indonesia
w:id:Universitas Indonesia

(education) Initialism of Universitas Indonesia.


aktiva

From Dutch activa (“asset”), from Latin activa. Doublet of aktif.

(business) any property or object of value that one possesses, usually considered as applicable to the payment of one's debts.

(accounting) the left side of a balance sheet.

assets:
the left side of a balance sheet.


mezzo piano

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo piano.


litigant

Unadapted borrowing from French litigant.

(law) litigant: a party suing or being sued in a lawsuit, or otherwise calling upon the judicial process to determine the outcome of a suit.


zeugma

Learned borrowing from Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ζεῦγμα (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).


menopause

ménopausê (canonical)
ménopaus (alternative)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch menopauze, from French ménopause, from Latin menopausis.

(gynaecology) menopause: The period in a woman's life when menstruation becomes irregular and less frequent before eventually stopping altogether, usually accompanied by a range of unpleasant symptoms; the period spanning perimenopause up to postmenopause; The final menstrual period of a woman after which ovulation no longer occurs.


tremor

From English tremor, from Middle English tremour (“fright”), from Anglo-Norman tremour and Old French tremor, from Latin tremor.

(medicine) A rhythmic, uncontrollable shaking of all or part of the body due to partial muscle contractions; tremor.


rektor

Borrowed from Dutch rector, from Latin rēctor.

(education) rector (headmaster of a tertiary education institution, e.g., university)

(Catholicism) rector (cleric with managerial as well as spiritual responsibility for a church or other institution)


anemia

From Dutch anemie, from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), ἀν- (an-, “not”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -ia.


allargando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian allargando.

ubor

(music) allargando: Decreasing in tempo; getting slower.


karate

From Japanese 空手(からて) (karate, literally “the state of being empty-handed”), from earlier 唐手(からて) (karate, literally “Tang Dynasty; China” + “hand”), from Okinawan 唐手(とーでぃー) (tōdī).

ja-r

唐手(とーでぃー) (tōdī)

(sports, martial arts) karate; an Okinawan martial art involving primarily punching and kicking, but additionally, advanced throws, arm bars, grappling and all means of fighting


malaise

malaisê (canonical)
malaise-malaise (plural)

From Dutch malaise, from French malaise.

(economics) depression, a period of major economic contraction.

(medicine) malaise, a feeling of general bodily discomfort, fatigue or unpleasantness, often at the onset of illness.


tablet

From Dutch tablet, from Middle French tablette, from Old French tablete (Modern French tablette), diminutive of table (“table”), from Latin tabula. Doublet of tabel.
* Semantic loan from English tablet for tablet computer sense.

(medicine, pharmacy) a pill; a small, easily swallowed portion of a substance.

(computing) a tablet computer, a type of portable computer.


LGBT

lagibatuk (alternative)
lagibete (alternative)

LGBT; initialism of lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender.


tuli

Inherited from Malay tuli, from Proto-Malayic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.


piston

From Dutch piston, from French piston, from Italian pistone (15th century), from Latin pistāre, from the root pīnsō (“I crush”).


hong

Borrowed from Hokkien 鳳凰／凤凰 (hōng-hông, “fenghuang”).

(mythology) fenghuang: a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies.

(mythology) phoenix: a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes.


angina

From Dutch angina, from Latin angina (“quinsy; strangling, choking”), from angō (“to press together, to choke, to hurt (cause pain)”).

der

an inflammatory infection of the throat, particularly quinsy.

angina pektoris
angina pektoris#Indonesian

(cardiology) short for angina pektoris (“angina pectoris”).


xenofobia

Borrowed from English xenophobia, from xeno- + -phobia.


terminus

Borrowed from English terminus, from Latin terminus (“boundary, limit”).

(rail transport) terminus: the end point of a transportation system, or the town or city in which it is located.


prima

Borrowed from Dutch prima and priem, ultimately from Latin primus.

(mathematics) having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).


ordo

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrdō. Doublet of rodi, orde, order, ordi, and wardi.

doublet

(Catholicism) a group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles.

(taxonomy) a rank in the classification of organisms, below class and above family; a taxon at that rank.


ordo

(zoology) seed-eating bird, Plocedere family of songbirds


HP

(video games, mostly role-playing games) hit points; health points

himpunan penyelesaian
himpunan penyelesaian#Indonesian

(mathematics) Initialism of himpunan penyelesaian (“solution set”).


gaga

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦒ (gaga, “dry field”), from Old Javanese gagā (“non-irrigated rice-field”)


gaga

(zoology) blubberlip snapper, Maori snapper, blue-spotted seaperch, Maori bream, Maori seaperch, multi-coloured snapper, scribbled snapper, speckled snapper, yellowfin snapper (Lutjanus rivulatus).


asap

Inherited from Malay asap, probably from merging of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asəp (“incense, ritual smoke”), and *qasəb (“smoke”).


asap

daging asap

smoked (preserved by treatment with smoke)


asap

(transitive) to smoke (to preserve or prepare by treating with smoke)

(intransitive, always with meng-, uncommon) to smoke (to give off smoke)


proteinuria

Compare English proteinuria and Dutch proteïnurie.

(pathology) proteinuria: the presence of protein in the urine.


teller

Unadapted borrowing from English teller, from Middle English tellere (“one who counts or enumerates; one who recounts or relates; teller”). Standard spelling retain double l to avoid confusion with word teler.

der

(banking) teller: a bank clerk who receives and pays out money.


sonde

From Dutch sonde, from French sonde, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”).


sampling

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from English sampling.

ubor

(statistics) The analysis of a group by determining the characteristics of a significant percentage of its members chosen at random.


ka

The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


dit

(law enforcement) Clipping of direktorat (“directorate”).


abakus

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

der

(Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

(architecture) the uppermost portion of the capital of a column.


mata

Inherited from Malay mata, from Proto-Malayic *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.

blade (the part of a knife, sword, razor, or other tool with which it cuts)


andas

(construction, engineering) bridge anvil


alfa

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), of Semitic origin. Doublet of alif.

bor+

(astronomy) Alpha, the brightest star in a constellation according to the Bayer designation.

(electronics) common-base current gain of a transistor in electronics.

(statistics) the significance level of a statistical test; the alpha level.


transistor

Internationalism, borrowed from English transistor.


referendum

refêrendum (canonical)
referendum-referendum (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch referendum, from Latin referendum.

(law, government, politics) referendum: a direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment.


karat

karat:

karat:


boba

From English boba, from the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 波霸 (bōbà), from Cantonese 波霸 (bo1 baa3, “large breasts, tapioca pearls”), from 波 (bo1) transcribing English ball and 霸 (baa3, “chief, top”).


haute couture

Unadapted borrowing from French haute couture (“haute couture, high fashion”).

ubor

(fashion) haute couture, exclusive fashion, high fashion, high style


kota

From Malay kota, from Classical Malay kota, from Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam, “city”) or Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa, “city”).
* The sense in government was coined by Indonesian politician Teuku Muhammad Hasan in 1945 to translate Dutch gemeente or stadsgemeente.
* Displaced Dutch stad (“city, town”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

coinage

(urban studies) A large settlement, bigger than a town; sometimes with a specific legal definition, depending on the place.

(government) The second-level urban administrative division in Indonesia.


BRS

(nautical, medicine) Abbreviation of bantu rumah sakit. (used to refer to hospital ships)


KM

(nautical) Initialism of kapal motor (ship prefix): MV


claret

Unadapted borrowing from English claret (compare French clairet), from Middle English claret, from Middle French claret, from Medieval Latin clārātum vīnum, from clārus.

(cooking) claret: a dry red wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France, or a similar wine made elsewhere.


hasta

From Malay hasta, from Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).


agama

agama-agama (plural)
agama (alternative)
ugama (alternative)
igama (alternative)
oegama (alternative)
ugama (alternative)

From Malay agama, ugama, from Classical Malay اڬام (“agama”), أڬام (“ugama”), from Sanskrit आगम (āgama, “a traditional doctrine or precept”).

der

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


tutorial

Internationalism, borrowed from English tutorial.

(education) A self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed, at their convenience.

(Standard Malay)

(education) An interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups.


singel

Borrowed from Dutch singel (“cincture”), from Latin cingulum (“belt”).
[Alt: refer to caption]


singel

Borrowed from English single, from Middle English single, sengle, from Old French sengle, saingle, sangle, from Latin singulus, a diminutive derived from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”).

a 45 RPM vinyl record with one song on side A and one on side B.

a popular song released and sold (on any format) nominally on its own though usually having at least one extra track.


seksi

sèksi (canonical)
seksi-seksi (plural)
séksyen (alternative)
si (alternative)
sie (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch sectie (“dissection, subdivision”).

bor+

(military) a group of 10-15 soldiers led by a non-commissioned officer and forming part of a platoon.

(surgery) an incision or the act of making an incision.


kecapi

From Sundanese ᮊᮎᮕᮤ (kacapi, “zither”), probably from Sanskrit कच्छपी (kacchapī, “lute”).

kacapi: a box zither with an open bottom, played by plucking, originating in traditional Sundanese music


Maria

From Vulgate Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), from Aramaic מרים (Maryām), corresponding to the Hebrew מרים (Miryām). Doublet of Maryam.


dikti

pendidikan tinggi
pendidikan tinggi#Indonesian

(education) acronym of pendidikan tinggi (“higher education”).


distro

(fashion) distribution outlet: a business that buys goods from a distributor and sells them to others


roda

From Malay roda, from Portuguese roda, from Latin rota, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).


parade

From Dutch parade, from French parade (“show, display, parade, parry, formerly also a halt on horseback”), from Spanish parada (“a halt, stop, pause, a parade”), from parar (“to halt, stop, get ready, prepare”), from Latin parare (“to prepare; to halt, stop, prevent, guard against, etc., dress, trim, adorn”).

der

(military) an assembling of troops for inspection or to receive orders.


a

The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.


Agus

From Malay Agus, from Classical Malay اݢوس (Agus), from bagus.


Bianca

Bianca Astrid Hello, b. 2001

a female given name from Italian, equivalent to English Blanche


Ester

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἐσθήρ (Esthḗr), from Biblical Hebrew אֶסְתֵּר.

(biblical) Esther, the main character of the Book of Esther


Genesis

Borrowed from Dutch Genesis, from Middle Dutch genesis, from Latin Genesis, from Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis).

(religion, Christianity, biblical) Genesis: The first book in the Hebrew Bible.


Hamal

From Arabic الحَمَل (al-ḥamal, “Aries”), from Arabic حَمَل (ḥamal, “lamb”).


Imam

(Islam, all sects) anyone who leads a group of Muslims in prayer

(Sunni Islam) imam; a trained cleric who leads a congregation


Juli

From Dutch juli, from Latin iūlius, from Iuppiter, from Proto-Indo-European *dyeu-pəter-.


Juni

Jun (alternative)
Yuni (alternative)
Djuni (alternative)

From Dutch juni, from Latin iūnius, the month of the goddess Iuno (“Juno”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *yuwn̥kós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu (“vital force, youthful vigor”).


Minggu

Minggu-Minggu (plural)
Minggoe (alternative)

From Malay Minggu, a clipping of domingo, from Latin dominīcus. Compare to Baba Malay Minggu.

days of the week: hari-hari dalam sepekan: Ahad

Minggu · Senin · Selasa · Rabu · Kamis · Jumat · Sabtu [edit]


Natal

From Malay Natal, from Portuguese Natal, from Old Galician-Portuguese Natal, from Latin nātālis [diēs Dominī] (“birthday of the Lord”).

(Christianity) Christmas (festival observed on December 25 commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ)


Oktober

From Dutch oktober, from Latin Octōber (“eighth month”), from Latin octō (“eight”), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“twice four”). October was the eighth month in the Roman calendar.


Os

(healthcare) Initialism of orang sakit (“patient”, literally “sick person”).


PK

prajurit karier
prajurit karier#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of prajurit karier.

peninjauan kembali
peninjauan kembali#Indonesian

perjanjian kinerja
perjanjian kinerja#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of perjanjian kinerja.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering) Initialism of paardenkracht (“horsepower”).


Rut

From Ruth the Moabite, Hebrew רות, of uncertain origin, possibly meaning "companion".

(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

(biblical) The resident of Moab around whom the text centers.


Tiara

Tiyara (alternative)
Tyara (alternative)

Tiara Andini, b. 2001

"Ya, namamu Tiara." Ditunjuknya si perempuan. "Tiara." Lalu dirinya sendiri. "Tristan."

2017, Ghyna Amanda, The Lost Bride, MokaMedia, →ISBN, page 27:

"Yes, your name is Tiara." He pointed to the girl. "Tiara." And later himself. "Tristan."

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Tiara


daring

Blend of dalam (“on”) + jaringan (“network”).

blend

Bahasa dalam media daring tidak terlepas dari konteks budaya dan latar sosial.

2019, Wayan Pageyasa, Nur Ihsan HL., Kekerasan Bahasa Di Media Daring Nasional, Deepublish Publisher, page 9:

Language in online media cannot be separated from the cultural context and social background.


maria

Borrowed from English maria, plural of mare, from Latin mare (“sea”).


polen

Internationalism, from Dutch pollen, from Latin pollen.

(botany) pollen: A fine granular substance produced in flowers. Technically a collective term for pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants.


abas

Learned borrowing from Latin abbas (“abbot”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾab- (“father”). Doublet of aba, abi, and abu.


piramida

Internationalism. Borrowed from Dutch piramide, from French pyramide, from Old French piramide, from Latin pȳramis, pȳramidis, from Ancient Greek πῡραμίς (pūramís), possibly from πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”) + ἀμάω (amáō, “reap”) or from Egyptian pr-m-ws (“height of a pyramid”), from pr (“(one that) comes forth”) + m (“from”) + ws (“height”).

der

(construction) a construction in the shape of a pyramid, usually with a square or rectangular base.

(geometry) a solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base.


duodenum

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin duodēnum digitōrum (“duodenum”)


raja

From Malay raja, from Classical Malay raja, from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

merajai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

merajakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

a male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy. If it's an absolute monarchy, then he is the supreme ruler of his nation.

(chess) the principal chess piece, that players seek to threaten with unavoidable capture to result in a victory by checkmate. It is often the tallest piece, with a symbolic crown with a cross at the top.

(card games) a playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit.

(xiangqi) general: a xiangqi piece that is moved one point orthogonally and confined within the palace.


raja

Asia Radja

Superseded spelling of raya. (van Ophuijsen (1901-1947), Republik/Soewandi (1947-1967))


peleton

pêlêton (canonical)
peleton-peleton (plural)
platun (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch peloton, ultimately from French peloton.

(military) platoon: a unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.


dengue

dénggé (alternative)
dénggi (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch dengue, from Spanish dengue or indirectly via French dengue (itself from Spanish), probably from Swahili dinga (“sudden attack, seizure”).

der

(medicine, pathology, viral diseases, mosquito-borne diseases) dengue: an acute febrile disease of the (sub)tropics caused by the Dengue virus, a flavivirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and characterized by high fever, rash, headache, and severe muscle and joint pain.

viral diseases; mosquito-borne diseases; viral diseases; mosquito-borne diseases


taco

(cooking) Alternative spelling of tako (“taco”)


secco

Unadapted borrowing from Italian secco (literally “dry”), from Latin siccus, from Proto-Indo-European *seyk-.

ubor

(art) secco: A work painted on dry plaster, as distinguished from a fresco.


pura

From Malay pura (“castle town”), from Sanskrit पुर (pura). Doublet of puri.
* Sense of "temple" is a semantic loan from Balinese ᬧᬸᬭ (pura) which is ultimately from same Sanskrit word.

(Hinduism) Pura, a Balinese Hindu temple.


anarki

Borrowed from Dutch anarchie, from Middle French anarchie, from Latin anarchia, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía).

(politics) a political regime (or movement to establish it) lacking any form of political authority or government.

(figuratively) a state of utter disorder, advanced disorganization and confusion.


Muhammad

From Malay Muhammad, from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).

Muchamad (alternative)
Muchammad (alternative)
Mochamad (alternative)
Mochammad (alternative)
Mohamad (alternative)
Mohammad (alternative)
Muhamad (alternative)

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Islam) Muhammad (the figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís)


bensin

bènsin (canonical)
bensin-bensin (plural)

From Dutch benzine, from German Benzin. Doublet of benzena.

(oil industry) gasoline (US), petrol (UK)


ulama

From Malay ulama,
from Classical Malay ulama, from Arabic عُلَمَاء (ʕulamāʔ), plural of عَالِم (ʕālim, “learned one”).


Ramadan

Inherited from Malay Ramadan, from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

Ramadhan (alternative)
Ramadlan (alternative)


fitnah

From Malay fitnah, from Arabic فِتْنَة (fitna, “sedition, strife”).


azan

azan-azan (plural)
adan (alternative)
adhan (alternative)
adzan (alternative)

From Malay azan, adzan, adan, from Classical Malay azan, adan, adzan, adhan, from Arabic أَذَان (ʔaḏān).

(Islam) adhan, azan: The call to prayer.


DPS

Dewan Pengawas Syariah
w:id:Dewan Pengawas Syariah

(finance) Initialism of Dewan Pengawas Syariah.


DPS

daftar pemilih sementara
daftar pemilih sementara#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of daftar pemilih sementara.


Safar

Inherited from Malay صفر (Safar, “Safar”), from Arabic صَفَر (ṣafar). Doublet of Safar, sifar, and zero.

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">Safar</i>

inh+

Safar (the second month of the Islamic calendar)


kafir

From Malay kafir, from Classical Malay kafir (“infidel”), from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”).
* The sense “non-Jew” is a semantic loan from Hebrew גּוֹי (goi, “nation”) and semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós).

semantic loan

(Islam) a kafir, a disbeliever, a denier, someone who denies the truths from Allah; or more broadly any non-Muslim.


masjid

masjid-masjid (plural)
mesjid (alternative)
mesigit (alternative)

[məsˈd͡ʒɪt̪̚]

From Malay masjid, from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), from the root س ج د (s j d).


PT

(business) initialism of perseroan terbatas (“limited company”).

perguruan tinggi
perguruan tinggi#Indonesian

(education) initialism of perguruan tinggi (“higher education institution”).


ADR

adverse drug reaction
w:adverse drug reaction

(pharmacology, healthcare) Initialism of adverse drug reaction.


rasul

From Malay rasul, from Arabic رَسُول (rasūl, “messenger”).

(Islam) rasul: a prophet or messenger in Islam; Muhammad, as a special messenger of God.

Kisah Para Rasul

any of the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach and spread the Gospel.


salat

salat-salat (plural)
shalat (alternative)
solat (alternative)
sholat (alternative)

From Arabic صَلَاة (ṣalāh). Cognate of Malay solat.

(Islam) salat (obligatory prayer that Muslims are called to perform five times a day)


tafsir

From Malay tafsir, from Arabic تَفْسِير (tafsīr, “interpretation”).
* Displaced Dutch uitleg (“explanation”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

der

(Islam) tafsir: Grammatical, historical, allegorical or traditional interpretations of the Qur'an.


zakat

From Malay zakat, from Classical Malay زكاة (zakat), from Arabic زَكَوٰة (zakāh).

(Islam) zakat: almsgiving, one of the five pillars of Islam.


WP

(taxation) Initialism of wajib pajak (“taxpayer”).


APS

atas permintaan sendiri
atas permintaan sendiri#Indonesian

(healthcare, colloquial) Initialism of atas permintaan sendiri (“against medical advice”, literally “by personal request”).


IMS

infeksi menular seksual
infeksi menular seksual#Indonesian

sexually transmitted disease
sexually transmitted disease

(medicine, pathology) Initialism of infeksi menular seksual (“sexually transmitted disease, venereal disease”).


BP

bawah perintah
bawah perintah#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of bawah perintah (“assignment; under command”).


GI

(electricity) Initialism of gardu induk.


KP

(education) Initialism of kerja praktik.


BMD

barang milik daerah
barang milik daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of barang milik daerah.


graf

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.


arugula

From English arugula, probably from Italian rucola.


jejunum

jéjunum (canonical)
yeyunum (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin iēiūnum, neuter of iēiūnus.

(anatomy) jejunum: the central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum.


SU

(education) Initialism of sarjana utama (“master's degree”).


TD

(healthcare) Initialism of tekanan darah (“blood pressure”).


sinus

Borrowed from Dutch sinus, from Latin sinus.

(anatomy) a pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

(pathology) an abnormal cavity or passage such as a fistula, leading from a deep-seated infection and discharging pus to the surface.

(trigonometry) sine: in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.


STN

sekolah teknik negeri
sekolah teknik negeri#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah teknik negeri.


domino

domino-domino (plural)
dom (alternative)

Borrowed from English domino, from French domino, originally the term for a hooded garment, itself from Medieval Latin domino, oblique case of dominus (“lord, master”).

(dominoes) domino: a tile divided into two squares, each having 0 to 6 (or sometimes more) dots or pips (as in dice), used in the game of dominoes.


abasia

(clinical psychology, neurology) abasia: an inability to walk due to a defect in muscular coordination.


abortus

Borrowed from Dutch abortus, from Latin abortus, perfect active participle from aborior (“pass away; miscarry”), from ab (“from, away from”) + orior (“rise, get up; appear”). Doublet of aborsi.

(obstetrics) abortus; abortion: the expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus; either naturally as a spontaneous abortion (now usually called a miscarriage), or deliberately as an induced abortion (see Indonesian aborsi).


sputum

Pemeriksaan sputum penting dilakukan untuk mendiagnosis berbagai penyakit pernafasan.

Sputum examination is important for diagnosis of many respiratory diseases.


proletariat

prolêtariat (canonical)
proletariat-proletariat (plural)


STM

sekolah teknik menengah
sekolah teknik menengah#Indonesian

(education, historical) Initialism of sekolah teknik menengah.

surat tanda melaporkan
surat tanda melaporkan#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of surat tanda melaporkan.


gestalt

Unadapted borrowing from German Gestalt (“shape, figure, form”).

ubor

(psychology) gestalt: a collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being)


SAP

(education) Initialism of satuan acara perkuliahan.


DPA

Dewan Pertimbangan Agung
Dewan Pertimbangan Agung#Indonesian

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Dewan Pertimbangan Agung (“Supreme Advisory Council”).


DPA

daftar pencarian arsip
daftar pencarian arsip#Indonesian

(information science) Initialism of daftar pencarian arsip.

dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran
dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran.


TT

(healthcare) Initialism of tempat tidur.

tetanus toksoid
tetanus toksoid#Indonesian

(healthcare) Initialism of tetanus toksoid.


PP

peraturan pemerintah
peraturan pemerintah#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of peraturan pemerintah.

(government) Initialism of pamong praja.

(education) Initialism of pendidikan dan pengajaran.

(healthcare) Initialism of pulang paksa (“discharge against medical advice”, literally “forced return home”).


Ari

From Javanese Ari, from Old Javanese ari (“the young”).


koma

From Dutch komma, from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

(typography) comma: The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set off parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.


koma

From Dutch coma, from Ancient Greek κῶμα (kôma, “deep sleep”).

(medicine, neurology) coma, a state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma.


koma

From Dutch coma, from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

(astronomy) coma, a cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet.


suku

From Malay suku, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suku (“one quarter; designation for a division of society, probably a lineage”).
* The sense “clan” is a semantic loan from Minangkabau suku.
* The sense “footer” is a semantic loan from English footer.

inh

(biology, taxonomy) family (a category in the classification of organisms)

(mathematics) term (a type of value (variable or constant) or expression)


ara

(zoology) green figbird, Timor figbird (Sphecotheres viridis).


asu

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦱꦸ (asu), from Old Javanese asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *asu.

(vulgar, offensive) a contemptible person, a motherfucker


cavatina

Unadapted borrowing from Italian cavatina.


homeostasis

homéostasis (canonical)
homeostasis-homeostasis (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin homoeostasis.


diaspora

From Ancient Greek διασπορά (diasporá, “dispersion”), from διασπείρω (diaspeírō, “to scatter”), from δια- (dia-, prefix indicating motion across or in all directions) + σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”).


ef

The name of the Latin-script letter F/f.


platelet

platélêt (canonical)
platelet-platelet (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from English platelet.

(hematology) platelet: A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


selo

From Dutch cello, shortening of violoncello, from Italian violoncello.

(music) cello: a large stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings, tuned from lowest to highest C-G-D-A, and played with a bow, also possessing an endpin to support the instrument's weight.


gamelan

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ (gamelan), from Old Javanese gamelan.

a genre of traditional Indonesian music; specifically Javanese, Balinese and Sundanese origin typically featuring metallophones, xylophones, drums, gongs and a bamboo flute

an ensemble performing this style of music.


nam

From Malay nam, shortened form of enam, from Proto-Malayic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


KB

keluarga berencana
keluarga berencana#Indonesian

(demography) Initialism of keluarga berencana (“family planning”).

kelompok bermain
kelompok bermain#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of kelompok bermain (“playgroup”).


PKC

Perusahaannya memiliki hubungan dengan PKC.

(politics) the CCP; Chinese Communist Party


isolator

(physics) insulator: a substance that does not transmit heat (thermal insulator), sound (acoustic insulator) or electricity (electrical insulator).


alveolus

alvéolus (canonical)
alveola (alternative)

From English alveolus, from Latin alveolus, a diminutive of alveus (“a tray, trough, basin”), from alvus (“the belly, the stomach, bowels, womb, etc.”).

(anatomy, pulmonology) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.

(anatomy, dentistry) A dental alveolus (tooth socket): the socket in which a tooth resides.


filum

(taxonomy) phylum: A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank


septuaginta

Borrowed from Dutch Septuaginta (“Septuagint”), from Late Latin Septuāgintā.


beri-beri

From Dutch beriberi, possibly borrowed from Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”) due to weakness.

(pathology) beriberi: an ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.


helikopter

helikoptêr (canonical)
helikopter-helikopter (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch helikopter (“helicopter”), from French hélicoptère.

(aviation) helicopter: an aircraft that is borne along by one or more sets of long rotating blades which allow it to hover, move in any direction including reverse, or land; and typically having a smaller set of blades on its tail to stabilize the aircraft.


dansa

From Malay dansa, from Portuguese dança (“dance”) or Spanish danza (“dance”).


dapur

From Malay dapur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapuR, from Proto-Austronesian *dapuR (“hearth, external part”). Cognate with Tagalog dapog, Samoan magalafu (“fireplace, furnace”).


sendi

From Malay sendi, from Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhi), संधि (saṃdhi). Doublet of sandi.

(anatomy) Any part of the body where two bones join, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.


sidi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦶꦢꦶ (sidi), from Old Javanese siddhi, siddha, from Sanskrit सिद्धि (siddhi, “perfection”). Doublet of sida.

(Christianity, Protestantism) full member of the church.


voli

Internationalism, borrowed from English volley, from Middle French volée (“flight”), from Vulgar Latin volta, from Late Latin volatus.

(sports) Ellipsis of bola voli (“volleyball”).

The flight of a ball just before it bounces.

A shot in which the ball is played before it hits the ground.


plafon

From Dutch plafon, plafond, from French plafond. Cognate with Afrikaans plafon, Sranan Tongo plafon.

(architecture) the overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.

(finance) the maximum permitted level in a financial transaction.


desa

From Malay desa, from Sanskrit देश (deśa).

(government) rural fourth-level division in Indonesia.


balkon

balkon-balkon (plural)
balkoni (alternative)

From Dutch balkon, from French balcon, from Italian balcone, from Old Italian balco (“scaffold”) + -one (augmentative suffix).

(architecture, real estate) an accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.


bita

Borrowed from English byte, from alteration of the word bite. Compare to Standard Malay bait.

a unit of computing storage equal to eight bits, which can represent any of 256 distinct values

a short sequence of bits (binary digits) that can be operated on as a unit by a computer; the smallest usable machine word


couturier

Unadapted borrowing from French couturier.

ubor

a person who designs haute couture (high fashion).

a company that is owned by or employs such a person; a fashion house.


tir

tir-tir (plural)
tar (alternative)
ter (alternative)

From Malay tir; ultimately from Tamil தேர் (tēr).


konsili

From Dutch concilie (“Church council”), from Middle Dutch concilie, from Latin concilium. Doublet of konsil.

Konsili Vatikan Kedua

(Christianity) A church council in which bishops and eminent theologians are assembled to decide issues, esp. in Catholicism and Orthodoxy.


memori

From Dutch memorie, from Middle French memorie, from Old French memoire, from Latin memoria (“the faculty of remembering, remembrance, memory, a historical account”), from memor (“mindful, remembering”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (to remember).

der

(computing) the part of a computer that stores variable executable code or data (RAM) or unalterable executable code or default data (ROM).


kalimat

From Arabic كَلِمَات (kalimāt, “word, speech, statement”). Doublet of kalimah.

kalimat pasif

(grammar) sentence: a grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop.


novena

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin novēna, from Latin novēnus (“nine [each]”).


pagi

Inherited from Malay pagi. See there for further etymology.


premi

From Dutch premie, from Latin praemium. Doublet of premium.

(insurance) The amount to be paid for an insurance policy.


interna

From Dutch interne, in phrase of interne geneeskunde (“internal medicine”), from French interne (“internal”), from Latin internus. Compare to Czech interna. Doublet of intern.

internal medicine
internal medicine#English


nyokap

Coordinate term: bokap

(colloquial, originally Prokem slang) mother


antivirus

Borrowed from English antivirus. By surface analysis, anti- + virus.

(computing) antivirus (a piece of software that is used to detect, delete and or neutralize computer-based viruses)


fon

From Dutch foon (“phone”), from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

(linguistics) phone, a speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.


fon

fon-fon (plural)
fohn (alternative)
Föhn (alternative)

From Dutch föhn (“foehn”), from German Föhn, from Vulgar Latin *faōnius, from Latin Favōnius (“Favonius”), a Roman wind god.

(meteorology) foehn, a warm dry wind blowing down the north sides of the Alps, especially in Switzerland, and similar warm dry wind developing on the lee side of a mountain.


fon

From English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).


sandal

sandal-sandal (plural)
sendal (alternative)

(footwear) A type of open shoe made up of straps or bands holding a sole to the foot


in absentia

Learned borrowing from Latin in absentia (“in absence”).


cara

cara-cara (plural)
acara (alternative)
tjara (alternative)

(cooking) a typical Ambon snack, made from a mixture of wheat flour, eggs, milk, butter, salt, sugar and liquid coconut milk, which is put into a special mold with a filling of sliced skipjack tuna and sauteed spices, topped with sliced red chilies, then baked [from 21th c.]


bastar

From Dutch bastaard, from Middle Dutch bastaert, from Old French bastard, from Late Latin bastardus, of Germanic origin, possibly Frankish.

(biology) hybrid, offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.


agen

agèn (canonical)
agen-agen (plural)
agén (alternative)
éjén (alternative)

From Dutch agent, from French agent, from Latin agēns.

(economics, management, trading) one who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by authority from them; someone entrusted to do the business of another.

(espionage) someone who works for an intelligence agency.

(biology, chemistry) an active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect.

(drama) a person who looks for work for another person.


mantel

mantêl (canonical)
mantel-mantel (plural)

From Dutch mantel (“mantle”), from Middle Dutch mantel, from Latin mantēllum.

coat (an outer garment covering the upper torso and arms)


af

From Dutch af (“off”), from Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.


bibimbap

Learned borrowing from Korean 비빔밥 (bibimbap), compound of 비빔 (bibim, “mixing”) + 밥 (bap, “rice”).

(cooking) bibimbap: a Korean dish of white rice topped with vegetables, beef, a whole egg, and gochujang (chili pepper paste).


SBM

standar biaya masukan
standar biaya masukan#Indonesian

(economics, finance) Initialism of standar biaya masukan.

(education) Initialism of sekolah bisnis dan manajemen (“school of business and management”).


BB

(healthcare) Initialism of berat badan (“bodyweight”).


gen

(genetics) gene (a theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms)


BI

(education) initialism of Bahasa Indonesia (“Indonesian language”).


BI

Bank Indonesia
Bank Indonesia#Indonesian


boks

(transport) box truck: a chassis cab truck with an enclosed cuboid-shaped cargo area.


triduum

Borrowed from Latin trīduum, from Proto-Italic *trizdiwom.


fugu

Borrowed from Dutch fugue, from French fugue, from Italian fuga (“flight, ardor”), from Latin fuga (“act of fleeing”), fugiō (“to flee”).

(neurology, psychiatry, psychology) fugue, fugue state: A rare psychiatric disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity, including the memories, personality and other identifying characteristics of individuality.


rede

(nautical) roads (partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor)


basilika

From Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”).

(architecture) basilica: a Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


MOS

(education, historical) Initialism of masa orientasi siswa (“student orientation”).


HST

(agriculture) Initialism of hari setelah tanam (“days after planting”).


aki

(military) Acronym of ayun kiri (“left swing”).


saldo

(accounting) balance: the difference between credit and debit of an account.


masa

From Malay masa, from Old Javanese masa, māsa (“time, time of day; season”, literally “month”), from Sanskrit मास (māsa, “month”).
* The sense of doubt or disbelief expression is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦺꦴꦱꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (mosok), variant of ꦩꦱ (masa, “disbelief expression”, literally “certainly not”), from Old Javanese masa (“certainly not”) (cf. salah masa (“at the wrong time”)).

sl

time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc.

measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time.

numerical indication of a particular moment in time.


masa

Ultimately from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “a weight of gold”).

(archaeology) unit of measurement of weight for gold and silver


DPR

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat#Indonesian

House of Representatives
House of Representatives

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“House of Representatives”, literally “People's Representative Council”).


Eden

From Dutch Eden, from Middle Dutch eden, from Latin Eden, from Biblical Hebrew עֵדֶן (ʿḗḏen), from Akkadian 𒂊𒁲𒉡 (edinu, “plain, lowland; wilds, steppes; land naturally irrigated, untouched fertile land”), from Sumerian 𒂔 (eden, “plain, open country”). Doublet of adnan.

der

(biblical) Eden: a garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia.


ve

The name of the Latin-script letter V/v.


vena

Learned borrowing from Latin vēna (“vein”).

learned borrowing

(medicine) vein, a blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.


wonton

From English wonton, from Cantonese 雲吞 /云吞 (wan⁴ tan¹).


duh

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese duh (“juice, sap, oil”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“sap, juice”). Doublet of juruh.
* Construction of duh tubuh is a semantic loan from Dutch lichaamssap (“bodily fluid”, literally “body sap”). However, contemporary term for bodily fluid is cairan tubuh.

sl

Keluhan duh tubuh vagina abnormal biasanya disebabkan oleh radang vagina, tetapi dapat pula akibat radang serviks yang mukopurulen.

Abnormal vaginal discharge complaint usually can be caused of vaginal inflammation, but can be caused of mucopurulent cervical inflammation.

(medicine, pathology) discharge: pus or exudate (other than blood) from a wound or orifice, usually due to infection or pathology.


ambo

Learned borrowing from Late Latin ambō, from Ancient Greek ἄμβων (ámbōn).

(Catholicism) ambo: stationary podium used for readings and homilies.


drat

From Dutch draad (“screw thread”, literally “thread, wire”) (formally schroefdraad (“screw thread”)), from Middle Dutch drâet, from Old Dutch *thrād, from Proto-Germanic *þrēduz.

bor

(engineering) screw thread: a helical ridge formed around a cylinder, or a helical groove formed around the inner wall of a bore, used mostly on fasteners and their connection points.


tesis

From Dutch thesis (current spelling these), from Latin thesis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody”).


ampul

Borrowed from Dutch ampul (“ampoule”). Doublet of ampula.

(medicine) ampoule (a small, closed (glass or artificial) vial used to dose medicine)

(Catholicism) ampulla: a vessel for containing consecrated wine or oil.


imago

Borrowed from Dutch imago, from Latin imāgō.

(entomology) The final developmental stage of an insect after undergoing metamorphosis.

(psychology) An idealised concept of a loved one, formed in childhood and retained unconsciously into adult life, the basis for the psychological formation of personality archetypes.


sangria

Borrowed from Spanish sangría, derivative of sangre (“blood”), from Latin sanguis.

(cooking) sangria: a cold drink, originating in Spain, consisting of red or white wine, brandy or sherry, fruit juice, sugar and soda water and garnished with orange and other fruit.


SR

sekolah rakyat
sekolah rakyat#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah rakyat.

sekolah rendah
sekolah rendah#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah rendah.


wudu

Inherited from Malay [Term?] (Standard Malay wuduk), from Arabic وُضُوء (wuḍūʔ).

the state of purity that is achieved by this washing


tante

From Malay tante, from Dutch tante, from Middle French tante, from Old French ante, from Latin amita, from Proto-Indo-European *amma-.

(colloquial) aunt (a parent’s sister or sister-in-law)


barbel

(sports) barbell: a wide steel bar with premeasured weights affixed to either end, with the central span open for the hands of the weightlifter.


parousia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παρουσία (parousía, “presence”).


stele

From English stele, from 1886 French stèle, from Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “upright rock; pillar; column”).

der

(botany) stele, the central core of a plant's root and stem system, especially including the vascular tissue and developed from the plerome.


kista

kista-kista (plural)
kistê (alternative)
Indonesian (alternative)
Standard Malay (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin cista, from Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis).

(pathology) cyst: a pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which develops in one of the natural cavities or in the substance of an organ.


folio

(accounting) folio (a page in an account book)


Olivia

Olivia Lubis Jensen, b. 1993

a female given name from English, equivalent to English Olivia


Priscilla

Priscilla "Pica Priscilla" Febrita Wiriahardja, b. 1988

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Priscilla


chalet

Unadapted borrowing from French chalet, from Franco-Provençal çhalè (“herdsman's hut in the mountains”), from Old Franco-Provençal chaslet, diminutive of chasel (“farmhouse”), from Late Latin casalis (“house-like, house-related”), from Latin casa (“house”).

(architecture) chalet: an alpine style of wooden building with a sloping roof and overhanging eaves.


canapé

Unadapted borrowing from French canapé, from Old French conopé, conope (later altered in form and meaning based on Medieval Latin canāpēum, alteration of canōpēum (“mosquito net”)), itself from Latin cōnōpēum (“seat with a canopy”), from Ancient Greek κωνωπεῖον (kōnōpeîon), from κώνωψ (kṓnōps, “mosquito”).

(cooking) canapé: an hors d’oeuvre, a bite-sized open-faced sandwich made of thin bread or toast topped with savory garnish.


flambe

From French flambé, flamber, from Old French flammer, from Latin flamma.

(cooking) flambé: a showy cooking technique where an alcoholic beverage, such as brandy, is added to hot food and then the fumes are ignited.


esa

Inherited from Malay esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa (*əsa), from Proto-Austronesian *isa (*əsa).


esa

Tuhan Yang Maha Esa

(archaic, poetic) Synonym of tunggal (“single”)


kendo

Borrowed from Japanese 剣道 (kendō, “the way of the sword”), from Middle Chinese 劍 (kjæ̀m, “sword”) + 道 (dáu, “way”).

bor

(sports) A Japanese martial art using "swords" of split bamboo.


apnea

From English apnea, from the New Latin apnoea, from the Ancient Greek ἄπνοια (ápnoia), formed from ἀ- (a-, “absence of”) + πνοή (pnoḗ, “breathing”).


rama

Inherited from Malay rama, from Classical Malay rama, from Javanese ꦫꦩ (rama).


anamnesis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάμνησις (anámnēsis, “remembrance”), verbal noun of ἀναμιμνήσκω (anamimnḗskō), from ἀνα- (ana-) + μιμνῄσκω (mimnḗiskō, “call to mind”).

affix

anamnesa (alternative)
anamnese (alternative)

(medicine, psychology) the medical history of a patient

anamnesis
the medical history of a patient

(Catholicism) a liturgical statement in which the Church refers to the memorial character of the Eucharist or to the Passion, Resurrection and Ascension of Christ


accent grave

id-noun

accent grave (plural accent-accent grave)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accent grave (“grave accent”), from unadapted borrowing from French accent grave (“grave accent”).


posting

(colloquial, Internet) posting: a message posted to a computerized bulletin board, a newsgroup, a blog, etc.


Amelia

Amelia Anggraini, b. 1971

a female given name from English, equivalent to English Amelia


demokrasi

démokrasi (canonical)
demokrasi-demokrasi (plural)

From Malay demokrasi, from Dutch democratie or demokratie, from Middle French democratie, from Medieval Latin democratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía). Cognate of Afrikaans demokrasie.

(government, politics) democracy (rule by the people)


dohyo

(sumo) The ring, made of compacted clay, in which a sumo wrestling match is held.


ikura

From Japanese イクラ (ikura, “salmon roe, salmon eggs”), from Russian икра́ (ikrá, “fish eggs, caviar”), from Proto-Slavic *jьkrā, from Proto-Indo-European *ikʷ(e)r- (“fish egg”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥ (“liver”).


harmonika

From Dutch mondharmonica, from German Mundharmonika.

(music) harmonica: a musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note.


liana

From English liana, from French liane, influenced by lien (“link, bond”).

(botany) liana: a climbing woody vine, usually tropical.


sirocco

(geology) sirocco: a hot and often strong southerly to southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean that originates in the Sahara and adjacent North African regions.


laptop

(computing) laptop, laptop computer: a portable computer that is small enough and light enough to be used on one's lap, but large enough to have an integrated keyboard.


nimbus

(Catholicism) a circle of light; a halo, a luminous disc, often of gold, around or over the heads of saints, etc., in religious paintings.


force majeure

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from French force majeure.


magnetometer

Internationalism, borrowed from English magnetometer.


aggiornamento

Unadapted borrowing from Italian aggiornamento (“update, updating; adjournment, recess”).

(Roman Catholicism) aggiornamento: bringing up to date, especially of the Roman Catholic Church by the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65


riba

Inherited from Malay riba (“ursury”), from Arabic رِبًا (riban).


tras

(geology) trass (a white to grey volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders, sometimes used as a cement)


dak

From Dutch dak, from Middle Dutch dac, from Old Dutch thak, from Proto-Germanic *þaką.

roof (the top external level of a building)


dak

(chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of tidak


komen

From English comment, either directly or via Malay komen, from Middle English coment, from Old French coment (“commentary”), from Late Latin commentum, from comminisci (“to invent”). Doublet of komentar.

(Internet, colloquial) comment (spoken or written remark)


kans

From Dutch kans (“chance”), from Old Northern French cance, from Vulgar Latin *cadentia, from cadō (“to fall”), referring to the falling of dice.

(statistics) odds (the ratio of the probability of an event happening to that of it not happening)


ster

Unknown, probably from Dutch sterkst (“strongest”), sterk (“strong”).

(chess, colloquial) queen: the most powerful piece, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.


periode

From Dutch periode, from Middle French periode, from Latin periodus, from Ancient Greek περίοδος (períodos).

period (a length of time in history seen as a single coherent entity)

(chemistry) period (a row in the periodic table of the elements)

(mathematics) period (the length of a repeating interval of a periodic function or repeating decima)


kuil

From Malay kuil, from Tamil கோயில் (kōyil). Cognate of English kovil.

temple, a house of worship of religions, except for Balinese Hinduism (pura).

shrine, a holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which said figure is venerated or worshipped.


regimen

régimèn (canonical)
rejimen (alternative)

(medicine) regimen: any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation.


ahimsa

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अहिंसा (ahiṃsā).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) ahimsa: A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.


tako

Borrowed from English taco (“Mexican snack food”), from Spanish taco (“light lunch”, literally “stopper, plug, wad”).

der

(cooking) taco: a Mexican snack food made of a small tortilla (soft- or hard-shelled) filled with ingredients such as meat, rice, beans, cheese, diced vegetables and salsa.


hafiz

Derived from Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ), present participle of حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa, “to guard, know by heart”).


ganas

(pathology) virulent: of a disease or disease-causing agent: highly infectious, malignant, or deadly.


latah

From Malay latah, from Sanskrit लता (latā, “streak, childish”).

(psychiatry, psychology) latah: a condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility.


variola

From Medieval Latin or Medical Latin variola, from Latin varius.

(pathology) variola, smallpox: An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.


adenoma

(pathology) adenoma: a benign tumour of the epithelium arising from or resembling a gland.


metastasis

mètastasis (canonical)
metastase (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin metastasis, from Ancient Greek μετάστασις (metástasis, “removal, change”), from μεθίστημι (methístēmi, “to remove, to change”). Doublet of metastase.

der

(chemistry) a change in nature, form, or quality.

metastasis:
a change in nature, form, or quality.

(medicine, oncology) the transference of a bodily function or disease to another part of the body, specifically the development of a secondary area of disease remote from the original site, as with some cancers.


da capo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian da capo.

ubor

(music) from scratch; from the beginning; from the top


rallentando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian rallentando.


ritenuto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian ritenuto.


debit

From Dutch debiet (“discharge, flowrate”), from French débit (“flow, rate of flow, discharge”), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).


debit

débit (canonical)
debit-debit (plural)
débêt (alternative)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

A semantic loan from English debit, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).
* Displaced earlier debet, which was loanword from Dutch debet.

In bookkeeping, an entry in the left hand column of an account.

A sum of money taken out of a bank account. Thus called, because in bank's bookkeeping a cash withdrawal diminishes the amount of money held on the account, i.e. bank's debt to the customer.

(accounting) receivable: a debt owed, usually to a business, from the perspective of that business.


Brahma

(Hinduism) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.


tatami

From Japanese 畳(たたみ) (tatami, “tatami mat”).


wushu

Unadapted borrowing from Mandarin 武術／武术 (wǔshù, “martial techniques”).


timbal

From Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (timbel, “lead; tin”).


obsidian

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch obsidiaan, from Latin obsidianus.


jung

(history) a unit of land area measurement equals 28,386 m² or four bau.


laut

From Malay laut, from Classical Malay laut (“sea”), from Proto-Malayic *laut (“towards the sea”), replaces an earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.


suburban

Borrowed from English suburban, from Latin suburbanus


PDI

Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
w:id:Partai Demokrasi Indonesia

(Indonesian politics, historical) Initialism of Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (“Indonesian Democratic Party”).


dolar

From Dutch dollar, from English dollar, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally "of Joachimstal," the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic).


honda

A genericized trademark of the Japanese trademark Honda, from Japanese ホンダ or 本田(ほんだ) (honda).


velum

(anatomy, linguistics) velum: the soft palate.


inhibitor

Internationalism, borrowed from English inhibitor.

(biology, chemistry) inhibitor: any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction or biological process.


dol

(music) a type of conical drum from Bengkulu.


dol

(shipping) mast, a tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, the sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, or communications equipment such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires.


sanjak

From Arabic سـجـع (sajʕ, “rhymed prose”). Doublet of sajak.

(literature) short essays with a certain form (such as poetry, pantun, gurindam).


sanjak

pengesanan jejak
pengesanan jejak#Indonesian

(geography) Acronym of pengesanan jejak.


couture

Unadapted borrowing from English couture (“production of high-end, custom-made clothing”), ellipsis of haute couture (“haute couture, high fashion”, literally “high, elegant + sewing”). Compare French couture (“sewing”).

ubor

(fashion) couture: production of high-end, custom-made clothing.


PAN

Partai Amanat Nasional
w:id:Partai Amanat Nasional

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Amanat Nasional (“National Mandate Party”).


modus

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

doublet

(mathematics, statistics) the most frequently occurring value in a distribution.

(linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality.


-ana

(organic chemistry) A saturated hydrocarbon; an alkane.

-ane
A saturated hydrocarbon; an alkane.

(inorganic chemistry) A simple binary compound of hydrogen and a nonmetal or metalloid.


Musa

(Christianity, Judaism) Moses (Biblical character)


Hosea

From Latin Hōsēās, from Ancient Greek Ὡσηέ (Hōsēé), from Biblical Hebrew הוֹשֵׁעַ (hōšḗaʿ, “Hosea”).


Amos

Learned borrowing from Biblical Hebrew עמוס (Amos, “to carry; a burden”).

lbor

(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

(biblical) A prophet, author of the book of Amos.

Amos
A prophet, author of the book of Amos.


kolik

From Dutch koliek (“colic”), from French colique, ultimately derived from Ancient Greek κωλικός (kōlikós, “suffering in the colon”, adj).


api

Inherited from Malay api, from Proto-Malayic *api, from, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.


adrenalin

adrénalin (canonical)
adrénalina (alternative)

(biochemistry) adrenaline (epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter)


delirium

Borrowed from Dutch delirium, from Latin dēlīrium.


canasta

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish canasta (“canasta; basket, hoop; laundry basket, hamper; basket”), from Latin canistrum (“wicker basket”).


go-go

Unadapted borrowing from English go-go (“go-go”).


parang

From Malay parang, from Proto-Malayic *paraŋ.
* The sense as classic batik motif is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦫꦁ (parang, “batik pattern”, literally “cliff; knife, chopper, cleaver”), from Old Javanese paraṅ (“rock, crag”).

sl

(zoology) dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab).


buta

Inherited from Malay buta (“blind”), from Proto-Malayic *buta(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buta, from Proto-Austronesian *buCa.

(figurative) fail to recognize, acknowledge or perceive


iga

From Javanese ꦲꦶꦒ (iga, “rib”), from Old Javanese higā, igā (“rib”). Cognate Balinese ᬳᬶᬕ (higa, “rib”).

(anatomy) rib: any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum.


kor

kor-kor (plural)
koir [kuayer] (alternative)

From Dutch koor (“choir”), from Middle Dutch côor, from Latin chorus. Cognate with Afrikaans koor, English choir.


kram

(medicine, colloquial) alternative spelling of keram (“cramp”).


hari

From Malay hari, from Proto-Malayic *ari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi. According to Adelaar (1992), the intrusive h- was added to prevent vowel clusters in words such as *mata ari > matahari "sun".

(astronomy) rotational period of a planet (especially Earth).

(meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.

age; time: a specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing.


kas

Borrowed from Dutch kas, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa from Old Italian cassa, from Latin capsa (“box, case”), from capiō (“I take, I seize, I receive”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”).

der

(Standard Malay)

(accounting) liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.


akar

Inherited from Malay akar, from Proto-Malayic *akar,from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

(linguistic morphology) root (the primary lexical unit of a word)

(computing) root (a person who manages accounts on a UNIX system)


ipar

Inherited from Malay ipar, from Proto-Malayic *ipar (“in-law”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipaʀ.


imprimatur

Learned borrowing from Latin imprimātur (“let it be printed”), third person singular present subjunctive passive form of imprimere (“to imprint”).

learned borrowing

(Catholicism) imprimatur, an official license to publish or print something.


maja

From Malay maja, from Old Javanese maja (“Aegle marmelos”), probably from Prakrit majja (“intoxicant, wine, spirits”), from Sanskrit मद्य (madya, “intoxicating drink”).

der

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

(botany) bael, wood apple (Aegle marmelos)

Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima#Translingual

(botany) wood apple, elephant apple (Limonia acidissima)


poros

(geometry) an imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry).


hak

From Dutch haak (“hook”), from Middle Dutch hāke, from Old Dutch *hako, from Proto-Germanic *hakô.

(sewing) A hook used to pull thread through the holes of a button

(surgery, colloquial) retractor: a surgical instrument used to hold apart the edges of an incision or wound.


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from German Mol. Compare to Malay mol.

(chemistry) A mole (unit of chemical quantity).


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from French mol, mou, from Old French mol, from Latin mollem.


decrescendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian decrescendo.


mezzo forte

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo forte.

(music) mezzo forte (louder then mezzo piano, but softer than forte)


moderator

From Dutch moderator, from Latin moderātor.

(engineering) a substance (often water or graphite) used to decrease the speed of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increase likelihood of fission


mutagen

Borrowed from Dutch mutageen (“mutagen”), from English mutagen.

bor+

(genetics, pathology) mutagen: any agent or substance that can cause genetic mutation.


sabun

Inherited from Malay sabun, from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn) or Portuguese sabão, both ultimately from Latin sapō.

der

Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)


entente

From Dutch entente, from French entente (“understanding”).

international relations
international relations

(international relations) entente, an informal alliance or friendly understanding between two states.


kiri

Inherited from Malay kiri, from Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi, Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi.

left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)

Melawan kaum kiri bisa dimulai hari ini juga!

You can start fighting left-wingers now!


salam

From Malay salam, from Classical Malay salam, from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Doublet of salim and syalom.

(Islam) salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting)


salam

From Arabic سَلَم (salam, “futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction”).


rupiah

From Pali rūpiya (“silver”), from Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “silver, stamped coin”).


riyal

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَال (riyāl). Doublet of rial and royal.

riyal (The official currency of Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia)


div

(law enforcement) Abbreviation of divisi (“division”).


siku

Inherited from Malay siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux.


UM

Universitas Negeri Malang
w:id:Universitas Negeri Malang

(education) Initialism of Universitas Negeri Malang.


UM

unaccompanied minor
unaccompanied minor#English

(aviation) Initialism of unaccompanied minor.


suster

From Dutch zuster (“sister, nun, nurse”), from Middle Dutch suster, from Old Dutch swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


sembilan

From Malay sembilan, from Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ) ambil-an. Equivalent to se- + ambil + -an. Doublet of sambilan.


bakal

Inherited from Malay bakal, probably from Old Javanese bakal.

(biology) primordium: an aggregation of cells that is the first stage in the development of an organ.


buka

See above. Semantic loan from Arabic إِفْطَار (ʔifṭār, “to break”).

sl

(intransitive, Islam) to break the fast; to have iftar.


kapal

From Malay kapal (“ship”), from Classical Malay kapal (“decked ship”), from Tamil கப்பல் (kappal, “ship, sailing vessel”). In the third sense, a mistranslation of English ship (“relationship”), from relation + -ship (etymologically unrelated to the noun ship).

der

ship (a water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat)

(chiefly in combination) ship (a vessel which travels through any medium other than across land)

(slang, fandom slang) ship (a fictional romantic relationship between two characters)


kapal

From Malay kapal (“thickening skin”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal (“thick, as a plank”). Compare to Tagalog kapal (“thick”).


tawa

tawa (root)
tertawa (active)
ketawa (active)
tawa (active)
tawalah (active)
menertawai (active locative)
ditertawai (locative passive)
menertawakan (active)
tertawakan
ditertawakan (passive)
tawakan
tertawakanlah
mempertawa (active causative)
mempertawai (active causative locative)
dipertawai (causative locative passive)
mempertawakan (active causative)
dipertawakan (causative passive)

From Malay tawa, from Proto-Malayic *tawa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawa, from Proto-Austronesian *Cawa.

to laugh (show mirth by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face and emission of sounds)


apel

Borrowed from Dutch appel (“roll call, appeal”), previously spelled appèl, from Middle Dutch appeel, from Old French apel, deverbal of Old French apeler, from Latin appellāre, present active infinitive of Latin appellō. Cognate of Afrikaans appèl (“roll call; appeal”).

bor+

...dalam praktik “Raden van Justitie” dalam apel, tidak mengharuskan kepada hakim banding untuk meninjau....

In Raden van Justitie practice in appeal, appellate judge was not obligated to consider....

(law) appeal: an application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re-examination or review.


apel

...dan bisa apel di Pengadilan Tinggi.

(law) to appeal: to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


PPP

Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
w:id:Partai Persatuan Pembangunan

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (“United Development Party”).


topi

Inherited from Malay topi, from Tamil தொப்பி (toppi), from Hindi टोपी (ṭopī).


Natasha

Natasha Wilona, b. 1998


warga

From Malay warga, from Classical Malay ورڬ (warga), from Sanskrit वर्ग (varga).


Kyrie eleison

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin Kȳrie eleison, from Ancient Greek Κῡ́ριε ἐλέησον (Kū́rie eléēson).

der

Κῡ́ριε ἐλέησον

(Christianity) o Lord, have mercy! (upon us)


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of translingual 語法. Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


kata kerja

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state.


contoh

Inherited from Malay contoh, from Tamil சௌத்து (cauttu, “pattern, sample, model”).

der

(statistics, rare) a subset of a population selected for measurement, observation or questioning, to provide statistical information about the population.


kata penghubung

Compound of kata (“word”) + penghubung (“connector”), literally “connector word”.


polisi

polisi-polisi (plural)
poelisi (alternative)
polis (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch politie (“police”), from Middle Dutch policie, from Middle French policie, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Cognate of Afrikaans polisie.


adik

From Malay adik, from Classical Malay اديق (adik), from Old Malay hadik, from Proto-Malayic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *adi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wadi-ʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

sibling ((younger) person who shares same parents)


makanan

id-noun

makanan (countable and uncountable, plural makanan-makanan)

Inherited from Malay makanan. Equivalent to makan (“to eat”) + -an.


sekolah

sêkolah (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah (plural)

→ Ternate: skola, sikola

Inherited from Malay sekolah, from Portuguese escola.

(education) an institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.


pensil

pènsil (canonical)
pensil-pensil (plural)
pinsil (alternative)

Borrowed from English pencil or Dutch penseel, from Anglo-Norman and Old French pincil (see the variant pincel, which gave rise to Modern French pinceau (“paintbrush”)), from Latin pēnicillum, diminutive of pēniculus (“brush”), itself a diminutive of pēnis (“tail; penis”).


gelas

From Malay gelas, from Dutch glas (“glass”), from Middle Dutch glas, from Old Dutch glas.


jingga

jingga:

orange: the colour of a ripe fruit of an orange tree, midway between red and yellow.


jingga

Pohon itu mempunyai dedaun yang berwarna jingga.


merah

From Malay merah, from mirah, from Proto-Malayic *(ma-)irah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)iʀaq.

Saya ingin membeli sebuah mobil merah.

I want to buy a red car.


merah

Merah adalah warna kesukaanku.

Red is my favourite colour.


bogi

(transport) gig, chair, chaise: a two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage.


hati

From Malay hati, from Proto-Malayic *hati, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.


kulit

Inherited from Malay kulit, from Proto-Malayic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

(publishing) case (the hard cover that surrounds and protects the text)


nasi

→ Dutch: nasi

Inherited from Malay nasi, from Proto-Malayic *nasi(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asi.


tangan

From Malay tangan, from Proto-Malayic *taŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan. Compare Banjarese tangan, Iban tangan, Malay tangan, Minangkabau tangan.

the part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals.


masuk

From Malay masuk, from Classical Malay masuk, from Proto-Malayic *masuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suk, from
Proto-Austronesian *suk. Doublet of pasok.

lepas dari mulut harimau, masuk kedalam mulut buaya

(computing) To take some action to access a secured program or web page on a computer; to sign in; to log in.


gali

From Dutch galei, from Middle Dutch galeye, from Old French galee, from Latin galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea) of unknown origin, probably from Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē), a kind of a small fish, from γαλεός (galeós, “dog-fish or small shark”). Cognate of Malay gali, ghali (“galley”).

(nautical) galley: A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually referring to rowed warships used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era.


hulu

From Malay hulu, from Proto-Malayic *hulu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *qulu. Doublet of ulu.

huluku sakit.

(anatomy, obsolete) head (part of the body)


bulu

bulu (countable and uncountable, plural bulu-bulu)

Inherited from Malay bulu, from Proto-Malayic *bulu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu.


hujan

Inherited from Malay hujan, from Proto-Malayic *hujan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.

hoedjan (alternative)
hudjan (alternative)


urat

From Malay urat, from Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot. The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English tendon.

(anatomy) tendon: a tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts.

(geology) vein: a sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock.


urat

Borrowed from Dutch uraat (“urate”), from English urate.

(organic chemistry) urate: any salt of uric acid.


pitu

From Malay pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu.


tahun

tahun-tahun (plural)
tahoen (alternative)

→ As: tahun

From Malay tahun, from Proto-Malayic *tahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun (compare Maori tau).

A solar year, the time it takes the Earth to complete one revolution of the Sun (between 365.24 and 365.26 days depending on the point of reference).

The time it takes for any astronomical object (such as a planet, dwarf planet, small Solar System body, or comet) in direct orbit around a star (such as the Sun) to make one revolution around the star.

A period between set dates that mark a year, from January 1 to December 31 by the Gregorian calendar, from Tishiri 1 to Elul 29 by the Jewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by the Islamic calendar.

A scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity.


telaga

têlaga (canonical)
telaga-telaga (plural)

From Malay telaga (attested in Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD as talāga), from Old Javanese talaga (“tank, pool, pond”), from Prakrit talāga, taḍāga, from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”). Cognate of Javanese ꦠ꧀ꦭꦒ (tlaga), Kapampangan talaga, Sundanese talaga (“lake”), and Ternate talaga (“lake”).


benua

From Malay benua, from Old Malay vanua, from Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Doublet of banua and wanua.


sinar

From Malay sinar, from Proto-Malayic *sinar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *siNaʀ.


waru

Borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦫꦸ (waru), from Old Javanese waru, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀu. Doublet of baru.

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)

(in extension, card games) spade: a playing card marked with the symbol ♠.


tiram

From Malay tiram, from Proto-Malayic *tirəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiʀəm.


udang

From Malay udang, from Classical Malay udang, from Proto-Malayic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hudaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ.

a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs, of the genus Stenasellus, the infraorder Caridea or the suborder Dendrobranchiata; shrimp; prawn


beri

Borrowed from English berry, from Middle English berye, from Old English berġe, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją.

(botany) berry (a soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits)


budi

From Malay budi, from Sanskrit बुद्धि (buddhi, “intelligence, mind, reason”).

sense: meaning, reason, conscious awareness.


cuka

From Malay cuka (“vinegar, sour”), possibly:
* Prakrit *𑀘𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*cukka), from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “sourness; fruit vinegar”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”). Compare Bengali চুকা (cuka, “sour, acid”), Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka.
* Persian سرکا (serkâ, “vinegar”)


inti

(chemistry, nuclear physics) short for inti atom (“atomic nucleus”).

core
short for inti atom (“atomic nucleus”).


kaum

From Malay kaum, from Classical Malay kaum, from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).


kerja

kêrja (canonical)
kerja-kerja (plural)
kerdja (alternative)

From Malay kerja, from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya). Doublet of karya.

(physics) a measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance.

(physics, more generally) a measure of energy that is usefully extracted from a process.


kunci

kunci (root)
mengunci (active)
terkunci (active)
dikunci (active passive)
kunci (active)
kuncilah (active)
menguncikan (active locative)
terkuncikan (locative)
dikuncikan (locative passive)
kuncikan (locative)
kuncikanlah (locative)
konci (alternative)
koentji (alternative)
kuntji (alternative)

From Malay kunci (“key”), from Hindi कुंजी (kuñjī, “key”), from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā).
* Semantic loan from Dutch sleutel for wrench, spanner and clef senses.
* Semantic loan from Dutch akkoord for chord sense.
* Semantic loan from English key for music (other than clef sense), education, computing, cryptography and internet sense.

(music, figurative) in musical theory, the total melodic and harmonic relations, which exist between the tones of an ideal scale, major or minor; tonality.

(Standard Malay)

(music, figurative) in musical theory and notation, the tonality centering in a given tone, or the several tones taken collectively, of a given scale, major or minor.

(computing) a value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container.

(cryptography) A piece of information (e.g. a passphrase) used to encode or decode a message or messages.

(Internet) A password restricting access to an IRC channel.

(education, figurative) answer key, an assorted list of solutions to problems or exercises in a test, textbook, etc.

(music, figurative) clef, a symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff.

(music, colloquial, figurative) chord, a harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.


kecap

kécap (canonical)
kecap-kecap (plural)
ketjap (alternative)

Borrowed from Peranakan Indonesian ketjap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”). Cognate with Piawai Malay kicap.

bor+

soy sauce (a condiment and ingredient made from fermented soybeans)


keju

From Malay keju, from Portuguese queijo, from Old Galician-Portuguese queijo, from Latin cāseus, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et- (“to ferment, become sour”).


kepala

From Malay kepala, from Classical Malay: کڤالا (kepala), from Pali kapāla, from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kapā́las, from Proto-Indo-European *káp-ōl (“head, bowl”). Doublet of kopra.
* Sense of leader and chief is a semantic loan from Dutch hoofd via Malay.
* The computing sense is a semantic loan from English head.

(anatomy) head: the part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth and main sense organs.

(computing) head: part of a disk drive responsible for reading and writing data.


kilat

From Malay kilat (“lightning”), from Proto-Malayic *kilat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.

(literally) lightning: a flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.


kursi

korsi (alternative)
kerusi (alternative)

Inherited from Malay kursi (Standard Malay kerusi (“chair”)), from Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy). Compare to Baba Malay krosi, Javanese ꦏꦸꦂꦱꦶ (kursi).

an item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person.


layar

From Malay layar, from Proto-Malayic *layar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ (“sail”).

(nautical) sail (a piece of fabric attached to a boat)


lidah

Inherited from Malay lidah, from Proto-Malayic *dilah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq (“tongue”), from Proto-Austronesian *dilaq (“to lick”).

tongue (the flexible muscular organ in the mouth that is used to move food around)

(zoology) speckled tonguesole (Cynoglossus puncticeps)


putih

From Malay putih, from Classical Malay putih (“white”), from Proto-Malayic *putih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq.

bright and colourless; reflecting equal quantities of all frequencies of visible light.

(figurative) pale or pallid, as from fear, illness, etc. (of face)


manusia

From Malay manusia, from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà, “human being”).

manusia serigala

manusia harimau

(fantasy, mythology, only in compounds) were- (indicates a person who changes shape into an animal)


buah

Inherited from Malay buah, from Proto-Malayic *buah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Austronesian *buaq.
* The sense of result and outcome are probably semantic loan from Sanskrit फल (phala, “result, yield, consequence”, literally “fruit”).

sl

(figurative) origin, subject, topic, theme


buah

Classifier for anything generally concretely big and having volume, as well as abstract things.


nabi

From Malay nabi, from Arabic نَبِيّ, نَبِيء (nabiyy, nabīʔ, “nabi, prophet”).

der

نَبِيّ, نَبِيء


otak

From Malay otak, from utak, from Proto-Malayic *utək, *utak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək, *qutak. Doublet of botak and kotak.


getah

From Malay getah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gətəq (“sap, gummy secretion”), *-təq (“sap, gummy secretion”). Semantic loan from Dutch sap for the sense of biological fluid, biological juice.

inh

(biology) fluid, juice: a clear liquid believed to be a component of a humour or other bodily fluid (esp. plasma and lymph)