Australia

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)

Rey menjalankan SMA-nya di Australia.


mare

Learned borrowing from Latin mare (“sea”).

learned borrowing

(planetology) mare (a large, dark plain, which may have the appearance of a sea, such as those on the Moon)


lava

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lava, from Neapolitan lava (“lava”, but also “downpour overflowing the streets”).

der

(geology) lava: the molten rock ejected by a volcano (hence on the surface) from its crater or fissured sides.


stratum

From Dutch stratum, from Latin stratum. Doublet of setrat and strata.

(geology) stratum, a layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout.


pasir

Inherited from Malay pasir, from Proto-Malayic *pasir, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasiʀ (“sandbank, shoal in river or sea”).


kala

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

der

(geology) epoch: a geochronologic unit of hundreds of thousands to millions of years; a subdivision of a period, and subdivided into ages (or sometimes subepochs).


basal

From Dutch basalt, from French basalte, from Middle French basalte, from Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”).

(geology) basalt: a hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.


geyser

(geology, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of geiser (“geyser”)


sima

Borrowed from English sima (“lower layer of Earth's outer crust”), blend of silicon + magnesium.

bor+

(geology) sima: The lower layer of the earth's outer crust that underlies the sial and is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium.


lading

Borrowed from Dutch lading (“cargo; charge, tension”).

(geology) pyroclastic flow, volcanic ash, tephra


masa

From Malay masa, from Old Javanese masa, māsa (“time, time of day; season”, literally “month”), from Sanskrit मास (māsa, “month”).
* The sense of doubt or disbelief expression is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦺꦴꦱꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (mosok), variant of ꦩꦱ (masa, “disbelief expression”, literally “certainly not”), from Old Javanese masa (“certainly not”) (cf. salah masa (“at the wrong time”)).


sirocco

(geology) sirocco: a hot and often strong southerly to southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean that originates in the Sahara and adjacent North African regions.


tras

(geology) trass (a white to grey volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders, sometimes used as a cement)


obsidian

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch obsidiaan, from Latin obsidianus.


urat

From Malay urat, from Proto-Malayic *urat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC. Doublet of otot. The sense in medicine was coined by Komisi Istilah to translate English tendon.

(geology) vein: a sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock.


lapisan

(geology) a layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout


inversi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inversie, from French inversion.

(geology) the relative uplift of a previously basinal area resulting from local shortening, in structural geology.


magnitudo

(seismology) A measure of the energy released by an earthquake (e.g. on the Richter scale).


abrasi

From Dutch abrasie, from French abrasion (attested since 1611), from Medieval Latin abrasio (“a scraping”), from Latin abrādō (“scrape off”).

(geology) the effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it.


erosi

From Dutch erosie, from French érosion, from Latin ērōsiō.

(geology) the result of having been worn away or eroded, as by a glacier on rock or the sea on a cliff face.


granit

From Dutch graniet (“granite”), from French granit (“granite”), from Italian granito (“granite”), from granire (“to granulate”), from grano (“grain”), from Latin grānum (“grain”).

(petrology) granite: a group of igneous and plutonic rocks composed primarily of feldspar and quartz.


agregat

From Dutch aggregaat, from Latin aggregātus.

(geology) solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.


kalk

From Dutch kalk, from Middle Dutch calc, from Old Dutch *kalk, from Latin calx.


fabrik

From Dutch fabriek, from French fabrique, from Latin fabrica (“a workshop, art, trade, product of art, structure, fabric”), from faber (“artisan, workman”). Doublet of pabrik.

der

(geology) fabric: the spatial and geometric configuration of all the elements that make a rock up.

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian


kaldera

From Dutch caldera, from Spanish caldera (“cauldron”), from Late Latin caldāria (“warm bath”), from Latin caldārium.

(volcanology) caldera: a large crater formed by collapse of the cone or edifice of a volcano.


dulang

Inherited from Malay dulang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dulaŋ (“tray or low table”).


debu

From Malay debu, from Proto-Malayic *dəbu.

(geology) silt: a particle from 3.9 to 62.5 microns in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.


gempa bumi

From Malay gempa bumi, from calque of Sanskrit भूमिकम्प (bhūmikampa, “earthquake”), from भूमि (bhūmi, “earth”) + कम्प (kampa, “quake”), as gempa (“tremor”) + bumi (“earth”). Compare with Hindi भूकंप (bhūkamp, “earthquake”), Marathi भूकंप (bhūkampa, “earthquake”).


morfologi

From Dutch morfologie, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ) + λόγος (lógos).

a scientific study of form and structure, usually without regard to function, especially:

(geology) the study of the structure of rocks and landforms.


gletser

glètsêr (canonical)
gletser-gletser (plural)

From Dutch gletsjer via the older form gletser.


sabo

Borrowed from Japanese 砂防(さぼう) (sabō, “erosion control”).


geiser

From Dutch geiser, from Geysir, a particular Icelandic geyser, which named after Icelandic geysir (“gusher”) and the verb geysa (“to gush”), from Old Norse geysa (“to gush”).

(geology) geyser: a boiling natural spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam.


konglomerat

From Dutch conglomeraat, from Latin conglomerātus, past participle of conglomerāre (“to pile into a heap, to roll together”).

(geology) a rock consisting of gravel or pebbles embedded in a matrix.


lempeng

Borrowed from Betawi lempeng.
* Semantic loan from English plate for sense “geology plate”, “denture base”, “larger scale” and “printing plate”.


paparan

(geology) shelf: the extended perimeter of a continent, usually covered by shallow seas.


kawah

From Malay kawah (“crater”), possibly from Sundanese kawah.


giok

From Hokkien 玉 (gio̍k). Compare Thai หยก (yòk), Lao ຢົກ (yok).


intan

From Malay intan, from Old Javanese hintĕn, a kramanized form of hīra, from Sanskrit हीर (hīra, “diamond”).

diamond: a glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron; a gemstone made from this mineral.


ladang

(geology) A region containing a particular mineral.


singkapan

* From singkap + -an.
* The sense “outcrop” is a semantic loan from English outcrop.


air tanah

Compound of air (“water”) + tanah (“ground”), from calque of English groundwater or Dutch grondwater.

(geology) groundwater: Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers.


sesar

Inherited from Malay sesar.
* The sense “fault” probably is a semantic loan from Japanese ずれ (zure, “slippage, a gap, shear”), a synonym of 斷層(だんそう) (dansō, “fault”, literally “gap”).

ja-r

(seismology) fault: A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.


Arkaikum

(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 4,000 Ma; Archaean


imbuh

sumur imbuh


mintakat

From Malay mintakat, from Arabic مِنْطَقَة (minṭaqa).

(rare, geology, agroforestry, marine science, preservation) Synonym of zona (“zone”)

marine science; preservation; marine science; preservation


kemiringan

kêmiringan (canonical)
kemiringan-kemiringan (plural)

(geology) dip: The angle from horizontal of a planar geologic surface, such as a fault line.


katena

From English catena, from Medieval Latin catena, from Latin catēna (“chain”).

(geology) catena: a series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope.


stratifikasi

From Dutch stratificatie, from French stratification, from Medieval Latin stratificatio, from Latin stratum.

(geology) the process leading to the formation or deposition of layers, especially of sedimentary rocks


kuarsa asap

From kuarsa (“quartz”) + asap (“smoke”). Calque of English smokey quartz.

A brown to black variety of quartz; smoky quartz.


formasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch formatie, from French formation, from Old French formacion, from Latin fōrmātiō, fōrmātiōnem.

formation:
(geology) a rock or face of a mountain.

formation:
a rock or face of a mountain.


ekstraksi

From Dutch extractie, from French extraction, from Old French estraction, from Medieval Latin extractio.

an act of extracting or the condition of being extracted.

(mineralogy) resource extraction: the process of locating, acquiring and selling any resource


gempa susulan

From gempa (“earthquake”) + susulan, from English aftershock.

(seismology) An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake; aftershock.


gempa utama

From gempa (“earthquake, shock”) + utama (“main”). Calque of English mainshock.

compound

(seismology) The largest earthquake in a sequence. Sometimes preceded by foreshocks and almost always followed by aftershocks which are of lesser intensity; mainshock.


fasies

(geology) A body of rock with specified characteristics reflecting the way it was formed; facies.


stratovolkano

Unadapted borrowing from English stratovolcano.

ubor

(volcanology) A tall conical volcano, composed of layers (or strata) of hardened lava, tephra and ash; stratovolcano.


arkus

Learned borrowing from Latin arcus (“bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷo- (“bow, arrow”). Doublet of arku.


akuifer

From Dutch aquifer, from Latin aqua (“water”) + ferō (“I bring”).

(geology) aquifer: an underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth, or gravel.


genesa bahan galian

genesa + bahan galian, calque of English mineral genesis


bahan galian

bahan (“material”) + galian, calque of Dutch [Term?]


erupsi

From Dutch eruptie, from Middle French éruption, from Latin eruptiō.

(geology) a violent ejection, such as the spurting out of lava from a volcano.


ablasi

→ Malay: ablasi

From Dutch ablatie, from French ablation, from Late Latin ablātiō (“a taking away”).

(geology) the removal of a glacier by melting and evaporation; the lowering of a land surface by any of several means, as in wind erosion or mass wasting.


andesit

(geology) andesite: a class of fine-grained intermediate igneous rock, of volcanic origin, containing mostly plagioclase feldspar.


krisopras

Borrowed from Dutch chrysopraas, from Latin chrysoprassus, from Ancient Greek χρυσόπρασος (khrusóprasos).


batuan beku

Compound of batuan (“rock”) + beku (“frozen”), calque of Dutch stollingsgesteente (“igneous rock”, literally “freezing rock”).


batuan

(geology) rock: any natural material with a distinctive composition of minerals.


lempung

lêmpung (canonical)
lempung-lempung (plural)

From Javanese ꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ (lempung, “clay; constipation”), from Old Javanese lĕmpuṅ (“soft, fleshy, plump, thick”).

der

(geology) A particle less than 3.9 microns in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.


deflasi

déflasi (canonical)
deflasi-deflasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deflatie, from French déflation.

deflation:
(geology) A mode of wind erosion.


degradasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch degradatie, from French dégradation.

(Standard Malay)

(geology) A gradual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks and banks, by the action of water, frost etc.


hujan asam

Compound of hujan (“rain”) + asam (“acid”).


kekar

(geology) fracture: a fault or crack in a rock.


sesar geser

Compound of sesar (“fault”) + geser (“to slide”). Compare to Japanese 横(よこ)ずれ断層(だんそう) (yokozuredansō, literally “side-slippage fault”).


patahan

Affixed patah + -an. The sense “fault” is a semantic loan from Dutch breuk (“fault”, literally “fracture”).

semantic loan

(seismology) fault: A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.


endapan

êndapan (canonical)
endapan-endapan (plural)

endapan sedimen


akresi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch accretie, from Latin accrētiō.

(geology, hydrology) the gradual increase of land by deposition of water-borne sediment.


pasang mati

Compound of pasang + mati, calque of Dutch doodtij (“neap tide”).


pasang perbani

Compound of pasang (“tide”) + perbani (“neap, spring”).


pasang purnama

Compound of pasang (“tide”) + purnama (“full moon”).


diskontinuitas

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Late Latin discontinuitās, discontinuus.

lbor

(geology) a subterranean interface at which seismic velocities change.


pelapukan

(geology) weathering: mechanical or chemical breaking down of rocks in situ by weather or other causes.


belahan

(mineralogy) cleavage (the tendency of a crystal to split along specific planes)


episentrum

From Dutch epicentrum, from New Latin epicentrum.

(seismology) epicentre, point above an earthquake's centre


hiposentrum

hiposéntrum (canonical)
hiposentrum-hiposentrum (plural)


cebakan

(geology) trap: A geological structure that creates a petroleum reservoir.


relung

rêlung (canonical)
relung-relung (plural)

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">relung</i>


rantas

Borrowed from Javanese ꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦱ꧀ (rantas, “severed, snapped”), from Old Javanese rantas (“broken, severed, snapped; tattered”). Doublet of rentas.


kerabat

kêrabat (canonical)
kerabat-kerabat (plural)

From Malay kerabat, from Arabic أَقْرَب (ʔaqrab).


kerak bumi

Compound of kerak (“crust”) + bumi (“Earth”).

(geology) Earth's crust: the thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume.


geluh

(geology) loam (a type of soil; an earthy mixture of sand, silt and clay, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due)


pasiran

geluh pasiran


selaput udara

id-noun

selaput udara (plural selaput-selaput udara)

(geology, rare) atmosphere (the gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body)


selaput batuan

selaput batuan (plural selaput-selaput batuan)


selaput air

selaput air (plural selaput-selaput air)