kala

id-noun

kala (first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

kalaku (first-person possessive)
kalamu (possessive second-person)
kalanya (possessive third-person)

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

der

(grammar) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

(linguistics, grammar, countable) An inflected form of a verb that indicates tense.


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking.


nominal

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

(grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.


kopula

id-noun

kopula (first-person possessive kopulaku, second-person possessive kopulamu, third-person possessive kopulanya)

kopulaku (first-person possessive)
kopulamu (possessive second-person)
kopulanya (possessive third-person)


kalimat

kalimat (plural kalimat-kalimat, first-person possessive kalimatku, second-person possessive kalimatmu, third-person possessive kalimatnya)

kalimat-kalimat (plural)
kalimatku (first-person possessive)
kalimatmu (possessive second-person)
kalimatnya (possessive third-person)

From Arabic كَلِمَات (kalimāt, “word, speech, statement”). Doublet of kalimah.

der

kalimat pasif

(grammar) sentence: a grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop.


kata kerja

id-noun

kata kerja (first-person possessive kata kerjaku, second-person possessive kata kerjamu, third-person possessive kata kerjanya)

kata kerja ku (first-person possessive)
kata kerja mu (possessive second-person)
kata kerja nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state.


kata penghubung

Compound of kata (“word”) + penghubung (“connector”), literally “connector word”.


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of translingual 語法. Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


kasus

id-noun

kasus (first-person possessive kasusku, second-person possessive kasusmu, third-person possessive kasusnya)

kasusku (first-person possessive)
kasusmu (possessive second-person)
kasusnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch casus, from Latin cāsus (“chance, event”), the past participle of cadō (“to fall, happen”).

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(linguistics, grammar) case (grammatical case)


substantif

From Dutch substantief, from New Latin nōmen substantīvum.


inversi

inversi (plural inversi-inversi, first-person possessive inversiku, second-person possessive inversimu, third-person possessive inversinya)

inversi-inversi (plural)
inversiku (first-person possessive)
inversimu (possessive second-person)
inversinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inversie, from French inversion.

(grammar) Deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis


gramatika

gramatika (first-person possessive gramatikaku, second-person possessive gramatikamu, third-person possessive gramatikanya)

gramatikaku (first-person possessive)
gramatikamu (possessive second-person)
gramatikanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch grammatica, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

der

the study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).


atribut

id-noun

atribut (first-person possessive atributku, second-person possessive atributmu, third-person possessive atributnya)

atributku (first-person possessive)
atributmu (possessive second-person)
atributnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch attribuut, from French attribut, from Latin attributum.

(grammar) a word that qualifies a noun, a qualifier.


kata benda

Compound of kata (“word”) + benda (“thing”), calque of Dutch dingwoord (“noun, substantive”, literally “thing word”).


verba

id-noun

vèrba (first-person possessive verbaku, second-person possessive verbamu, third-person possessive verbanya)

vèrba (canonical)
verbaku (first-person possessive)
verbamu (possessive second-person)
verbanya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch verba (“verbs”), from Latin verba, verbum, from Proto-Italic *werβom, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om (“word”).


klausa

klausa (plural klausa-klausa, first-person possessive klausaku, second-person possessive klausamu, third-person possessive klausanya)

klausa-klausa (plural)
klausaku (first-person possessive)
klausamu (possessive second-person)
klausanya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin clausa, diminutive of clausula (“close, end; a clause, close of a period”)), from Latin clausus, past participle of claudere (“to shut, close”). Doublet of klausul.

lbor

(grammar) clause: a verb, its necessary grammatical arguments, and any adjuncts affecting them.


datif

id-noun

datif (plural datif-datif, first-person possessive datifku, second-person possessive datifmu, third-person possessive datifnya)

datif-datif (plural)
datifku (first-person possessive)
datifmu (possessive second-person)
datifnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch datief, from French datif, from Latin dativus.


pronomina

pronomina (plural pronomina-pronomina, first-person possessive pronominaku, second-person possessive pronominamu, third-person possessive pronominanya)

pronomina-pronomina (plural)
pronominaku (first-person possessive)
pronominamu (possessive second-person)
pronominanya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch pronomina, plural form of pronomen, from Latin prōnōmen.

(grammar) pronoun: a type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.


predikat

predikat (canonical)
prédikat (canonical)

From Dutch predicaat, from Middle French predicat (French prédicat), from post-classical Late Latin praedicātum (“thing said of a subject”), a noun use of the neuter past participle of praedicō (“I proclaim”).

der

Kalimat sekurangnya terdiri atas subyek dan predikat.

A sentence shall at least consist of a subject and a predicate.

(grammar) predicate (the part of the sentence (or clause) which states something about the subject or the object of the sentence)


saraf

id-noun

saraf (first-person possessive sarafku, second-person possessive sarafmu, third-person possessive sarafnya)

sarafku (first-person possessive)
sarafmu (possessive second-person)
sarafnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay saraf, from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf).


elipsis

elipsis (plural elipsis-elipsis, first-person possessive elipsisku, second-person possessive elipsismu, third-person possessive elipsisnya)

elipsis-elipsis (plural)
elipsisku (first-person possessive)
elipsismu (possessive second-person)
elipsisnya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Latin ellipsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis, “omission”).

der

(grammar) The omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from the context.


objek

From English object. Replaced earlier obyek.

(grammar) object: The noun phrase which is an internal complement of a verb phrase or a prepositional phrase. In a verb phrase with a transitive action verb, it is typically the receiver of the action.


jumlah

id-noun

jumlah (first-person possessive jumlahku, second-person possessive jumlahmu, third-person possessive jumlahnya)

jumlahku (first-person possessive)
jumlahmu (possessive second-person)
jumlahnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay jumlah, from Classical Malay jumlah, from Arabic جُمْلَة (jumla).
* The sense “sentence” is a semantic loan from Arabic جُمْلَة (jumla).


beku

From Malay beku, from Classical Malay beku.


kata nama

Compound of kata (“word”) + nama (“name”), calque of Dutch naamwoord (“noun”, literally “name + word”).


gatra

Borrowed from Javanese gatra (ꦒꦠꦿ), from Sanskrit गात्र (gātra, “body”).

a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding

the way something appears when viewed from a certain direction or perspective


kala lampau

From kala + lampau. Calque of English past tense.


kata dasar

id-noun

kata dasar (first-person possessive kata dasarku, second-person possessive kata dasarmu, third-person possessive kata dasarnya)

kata dasar ku (first-person possessive)
kata dasar mu (possessive second-person)
kata dasar nya (possessive third-person)


akhiran

akhiran (first-person possessive akhiranku, second-person possessive akhiranmu, third-person possessive akhirannya)

akhiranku (first-person possessive)
akhiranmu (possessive second-person)
akhirannya (possessive third-person)

* From Malay akhiran, from Classical Malay اخيران (akhiran, “finish”). Equivalent to akhir + -an.
* The sense “suffix” is a semantic loan from English suffix.


awalan

id-noun

awalan (first-person possessive awalanku, second-person possessive awalanmu, third-person possessive awalannya)

awalanku (first-person possessive)
awalanmu (possessive second-person)
awalannya (possessive third-person)

(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning.


kata hubung

Inherited from Malay kata hubung, from kata (“word”) + hubung (”to connect”). Equivalent to kata + hubung.

conjunction (a word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences, with the meaning used to show how the two joined parts are related)


sebutan

sebutan (first-person possessive sebutanku, second-person possessive sebutanmu, third-person possessive sebutannya)

sebutanku (first-person possessive)
sebutanmu (possessive second-person)
sebutannya (possessive third-person)


nisbah

nisbah (plural nisbah-nisbah, first-person possessive nisbahku, second-person possessive nisbahmu, third-person possessive nisbahnya)

nisbah-nisbah (plural)
nisbahku (first-person possessive)
nisbahmu (possessive second-person)
nisbahnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay nisbah, from Classical Malay nisbah, from Arabic نِسْبَة (nisba). The sense in Arabic grammar and Islamic finance are semantic borrowings from the same Arabic word.

(Arabic grammar) nisba: a common suffix to form adjectives of relation or pertinence.


konstruksi

From Dutch constructie, from Middle Dutch constructie, from Old French construction, from Latin cōnstructiō, from cōnstruere (present active infinitive of cōnstruō) + tiō.

(grammar) A group of words arranged to form a meaningful phrase.


konstruksi

head

konstruksi (active mengonstruksi, passive dikonstruksi, perfective passive terkonstruksi)

mengonstruksi (active)
dikonstruksi (passive)
terkonstruksi (passive perfective)

(grammar) To build (a sentence, an argument, etc.) by arranging words or ideas.


kala kini

From kala + kini. Calque of English present tense.


kala akan datang

From kala + akan datang. Calque of English future tense.


paramasastra

id-noun

paramasastra (first-person possessive paramasastraku, second-person possessive paramasastramu, third-person possessive paramasastranya)

paramasastraku (first-person possessive)
paramasastramu (possessive second-person)
paramasastranya (possessive third-person)

From Javanese ꦥꦫꦩꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (paramasastra, “grammar”), probably calque of Dutch spraakkunst, from Old Javanese parama (“finest”) + śāstra, from Sanskrit परम (parama, “finest”) + शास्त्र (śāstra).

compound

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


subjek

id-noun

subjèk (plural subjek-subjek, first-person possessive subjekku, second-person possessive subjekmu, third-person possessive subjeknya)

subjèk (canonical)
subjek-subjek (plural)
subjekku (first-person possessive)
subjekmu (possessive second-person)
subjeknya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch subject, from Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”). The pronunciation is influenced by English subject.

der

(grammar) the word or word group about whom a statement is made.


keterangan

id-noun

kêtêrangan (first-person possessive keteranganku, second-person possessive keteranganmu, third-person possessive keterangannya)

kêtêrangan (canonical)
keteranganku (first-person possessive)
keteranganmu (possessive second-person)
keterangannya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Malay keterangan, synchronically analysable as terang + ke- -an.


tujuan

tujuan (first-person possessive tujuanku, second-person possessive tujuanmu, third-person possessive tujuannya)

tujuanku (first-person possessive)
tujuanmu (possessive second-person)
tujuannya (possessive third-person)

Affixed tuju + -an, from Malay tujuan. Semantic loan from Dutch oogmerk (“aim, goal”) in law terms.


orang ketiga

Compound of orang (literally “party”) + ketiga (“third”).
# For grammar and linguistics senses, calque of Dutch derde persoon (“third person”).
# For sense of other man and other woman, probably calque from Chinese 第三者 (dìsānzhě, “the other man, the other women”, literally “third party”).


aspek

id-noun

aspék (first-person possessive aspekku, second-person possessive aspekmu, third-person possessive aspeknya)

aspék (canonical)
aspekku (first-person possessive)
aspekmu (possessive second-person)
aspeknya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch aspect. Cognate of Afrikaans aspek.

(grammar) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding.


statif

statif (plural statif-statif, first-person possessive statifku, second-person possessive statifmu, third-person possessive statifnya)

statif-statif (plural)
statifku (first-person possessive)
statifmu (possessive second-person)
statifnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch statief, from Latin statīvus (“stationary; permanent”).

der

Kalimat statif adalah kalimat yang predikatnya bukan merupakan verba aktif.

A stative sentence is a sentence whose predicate is not an active verb

(grammar) stative: a construct asserting that a subject has a particular property.


formatif

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch formatief, from Middle French formatif.

(grammar) Pertaining to the inflection of words.

formative:
Pertaining to the inflection of words.


formatif

id-noun

formatif (plural formatif-formatif, first-person possessive formatifku, second-person possessive formatifmu, third-person possessive formatifnya)

formatif-formatif (plural)
formatifku (first-person possessive)
formatifmu (possessive second-person)
formatifnya (possessive third-person)

(grammar) formative: A language unit that has morphological function.


anteseden

antésèdên (first-person possessive antesedenku, second-person possessive antesedenmu, third-person possessive antesedennya)

antésèdên (canonical)
antesedenku (first-person possessive)
antesedenmu (possessive second-person)
antesedennya (possessive third-person)

an‧té‧sè‧dên

From Dutch antecedent, from French antécédent, from Latin antecēdēns (“go before”).

(linguistics, grammar) A word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun.


aposisi

aposisi (first-person possessive aposisiku, second-person possessive aposisimu, third-person possessive aposisinya)

aposisiku (first-person possessive)
aposisimu (possessive second-person)
aposisinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch appositie, from Middle French apposition, from Latin appositiō.


konjungsi

konjungsi (first-person possessive konjungsiku, second-person possessive konjungsimu, third-person possessive konjungsinya)

konjungsiku (first-person possessive)
konjungsimu (possessive second-person)
konjungsinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch conjunctie, from Old French conjonction, from Latin coniūnctiō (“joining”), from coniungere (“to join”).

(grammar) A word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences. The specific conjunction used shows how the two joined parts are related.


kopulatif

kopulatif (first-person possessive kopulatifku, second-person possessive kopulatifmu, third-person possessive kopulatifnya)

kopulatifku (first-person possessive)
kopulatifmu (possessive second-person)
kopulatifnya (possessive third-person)


konjugasi

konjugasi (first-person possessive konjugasiku, second-person possessive konjugasimu, third-person possessive konjugasinya)

konjugasiku (first-person possessive)
konjugasimu (possessive second-person)
konjugasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch conjugatie, from Latin coniugātiō (“combining, connecting; conjugation”), from coniugō (“join, unite together”).

der

(linguistics, grammar) The act of conjugating a verb.

conjugation:
The act of conjugating a verb.


deklinasi

id-noun

déklinasi (plural deklinasi-deklinasi, first-person possessive deklinasiku, second-person possessive deklinasimu, third-person possessive deklinasinya)

déklinasi (canonical)
deklinasi-deklinasi (plural)
deklinasiku (first-person possessive)
deklinasimu (possessive second-person)
deklinasinya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch declinatie, from Middle Dutch declinacie, from Latin dēclīnātiō.

(grammar) declension: the act of declining a word; the act of listing the inflections of a noun, pronoun or adjective in order.


kalimat majemuk bertingkat

kalimat majemuk bertingkat (plural kalimat-kalimat majemuk bertingkat, first-person possessive kalimat majemuk bertingkatku, second-person possessive kalimat majemuk bertingkatmu, third-person possessive kalimat majemuk bertingkatnya)

kalimat-kalimat majemuk bertingkat (plural)
kalimat majemuk bertingkat ku (first-person possessive)
kalimat majemuk bertingkat mu (possessive second-person)
kalimat majemuk bertingkat nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kalimat majemuk + bertingkat.

complex sentence
complex sentence#English

(grammar) complex sentence: a sentence that contains an independent clause as well as one or more dependent clauses, such as a relative clause, an adverbial clause, or a noun clause.


kalimat tunggal

kalimat tunggal (plural kalimat-kalimat tunggal, first-person possessive kalimat tunggalku, second-person possessive kalimat tunggalmu, third-person possessive kalimat tunggalnya)

kalimat-kalimat tunggal (plural)
kalimat tunggal ku (first-person possessive)
kalimat tunggal mu (possessive second-person)
kalimat tunggal nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kalimat (“sentence”) + tunggal.

(grammar) simple sentence: a sentence that contains one independent clause and no dependent clause.


kalimat majemuk setara

kalimat majemuk setara (plural kalimat-kalimat majemuk setara, first-person possessive kalimat majemuk setaraku, second-person possessive kalimat majemuk setaramu, third-person possessive kalimat majemuk setaranya)

kalimat-kalimat majemuk setara (plural)
kalimat majemuk setara ku (first-person possessive)
kalimat majemuk setara mu (possessive second-person)
kalimat majemuk setara nya (possessive third-person)

compound sentence
compound sentence#English

(grammar) compound sentence: a sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',').


pronomina persona

pronomina persona (plural pronomina-pronomina persona, first-person possessive pronomina personaku, second-person possessive pronomina personamu, third-person possessive pronomina personanya)

pronomina-pronomina persona (plural)
pronomina persona ku (first-person possessive)
pronomina persona mu (possessive second-person)
pronomina persona nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of pronomina (“pronoun”) + persona (“to replace; to change”), from Latin pronomina personalia.

com

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

(grammar) personal pronoun: pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they).


verba bantu

id-noun

verba bantu (plural verba-verba bantu, first-person possessive verba bantuku, second-person possessive verba bantumu, third-person possessive verba bantunya)

verba-verba bantu (plural)
verba bantu ku (first-person possessive)
verba bantu mu (possessive second-person)
verba bantu nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata kerja (“verb”) + bantu (“auxiliary”), calque of Latin verbum auxiliare (“auxiliary verb”).


kata ganti orang

id-noun

kata ganti orang (plural kata-kata ganti orang, first-person possessive kata ganti orangku, second-person possessive kata ganti orangmu, third-person possessive kata ganti orangnya)

kata-kata ganti orang (plural)
kata ganti orang ku (first-person possessive)
kata ganti orang mu (possessive second-person)
kata ganti orang nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata ganti (“pronoun”) + orang (“person”), calque of Dutch persoonlijk voornaamwoord (compare to Malay kata ganti diri).


kata kerja bantu

id-noun

kata kerja bantu (plural kata-kata kerja bantu, first-person possessive kata kerja bantuku, second-person possessive kata kerja bantumu, third-person possessive kata kerja bantunya)

kata-kata kerja bantu (plural)
kata kerja bantu ku (first-person possessive)
kata kerja bantu mu (possessive second-person)
kata kerja bantu nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata kerja (“verb”) + bantu (“auxiliary”), calque of Dutch hulpwerkwoord (“auxiliary verb”).


kata ganti

id-noun

kata ganti (plural kata-kata ganti, first-person possessive kata gantiku, second-person possessive kata gantimu, third-person possessive kata gantinya)

kata-kata ganti (plural)
kata ganti ku (first-person possessive)
kata ganti mu (possessive second-person)
kata ganti nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata (“word”) + ganti (“to replace; to change”), calque from Chinese 代詞／代词 (dàicí, “pronoun”, literally “substitute/replace word”).

zh-l

(grammar) pronoun: a type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.


kata sandang

id-noun

kata sandang (plural kata-kata sandang, first-person possessive kata sandangku, second-person possessive kata sandangmu, third-person possessive kata sandangnya)

kata-kata sandang (plural)
kata sandang ku (first-person possessive)
kata sandang mu (possessive second-person)
kata sandang nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of kata + sandang, calque of Dutch lidwoord.

(grammar) article: part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English).


artikula

artikula (plural artikula-artikula, first-person possessive artikulaku, second-person possessive artikulamu, third-person possessive artikulanya)

artikula-artikula (plural)
artikulaku (first-person possessive)
artikulamu (possessive second-person)
artikulanya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Latin articulus (“article”) (compare Spanish artículo, Italian articolo).


SPOK

id-noun

SPOK (first-person possessive SPOKku, second-person possessive SPOKmu, third-person possessive SPOKnya)

SPOKku (first-person possessive)
SPOKmu (possessive second-person)
SPOKnya (possessive third-person)

(grammar) Initialism of subjek, predikat, objek, dan keterangan.