khitan

khitan (root)
mengkhitan (active)
terkhitan (active involuntary)
dikhitan (active involuntary passive)
khitan (active)
khitanlah (active)
mengkhitani (active locative)
terkhitani (involuntary locative)
dikhitani (involuntary locative passive)
khitani (locative)
khitanilah (locative)
mengkhitankan (active applicative causative)
terkhitankan (applicative causative)
dikhitankan (applicative causative passive)
khitankan (applicative causative)
khitankanlah (applicative causative)
memperkhitan (active causative)
terperkhitan (active causative involuntary)
diperkhitan (active causative involuntary passive)
perkhitan (active causative)
perkhitanlah (active causative)
memperkhitani (active causative locative)
terperkhitani (causative involuntary locative)
diperkhitani (causative involuntary locative passive)
perkhitani (causative locative)
perkhitanilah (causative locative)
memperkhitankan (active applicative causative)
terperkhitankan (applicative causative)
diperkhitankan (applicative causative passive)
perkhitankan (applicative causative)
perkhitankanlah (applicative causative)

Inherited from Malay khitan, from Arabic خِتَان (ḵitān, “circumcision”).

(Islam) to do circumcision (excising foreskin from penis)


bobot

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦺꦴꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (bobot, “weight; importance, significance”), ꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (bot, “weight”), from Old Javanese bot, byĕt, bwat (“heavy; weight”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Doublet of berat.

der

(Standard Malay)

(education) a variable which multiplies a value for ease of statistical manipulation.

(typography) the boldness of a font; the relative thickness of its strokes.


takwa

Inherited from Malay takwa, from Arabic تَقْوَى (taqwā).

(Islam) taqwa: the care taken by a person to obey the commands of Allah.


kolom

From Dutch kolom, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French columne, from Latin columna (“a column, pillar, post”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”). Doublet of kolone.

(printing) a body of text meant to be read line by line, especially in printed material that has multiple adjacent such on a single page.

a unit of width, especially of advertisements, in a periodical, equivalent to the width of a usual column of text.

a recurring feature in a periodical, especially an opinion piece, especially by a single author or small rotating group of authors, or on a single theme.

(architecture) a solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.


jembatan

From earlier jambatan, from Malay jambatan, jembatan, from Classical Malay جمبتن (jambatan), جمبتن (jembatan).

(computing, networking) a system which connects two or more local area networks at layer 2 of OSI model.


jenggot

From Javanese jenggot (“beard”), from Old Javanese jenggot (“chin”). Doublet of janggut.


kavaleri

From Dutch cavalerie, from French cavalerie, from Italian cavalleria.

the military arm of service that fights while riding horses.

the branch of the military transported by fast light vehicles, also known as mechanized cavalry.


infanteri

infantêri (canonical)
infanteri-infanteri (plural)

From Dutch infanterie, from French infanterie, from Italian infanteria, from infante (“child; foot soldier, infantryman”), from Latin infans (“infant, child that doesn't speak (yet)”), itself from in- (“un-, not -”) + present participle of fari (“to speak”).


paparan

(drama) protasis: the first part of a play, in which the setting and characters are introduced.


anuitas

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Medieval Latin annuitās, from Latin annuus (“annual”).

lbor

(insurance, pensions) annuity: A right to receive amounts of money regularly over a certain fixed period, in perpetuity, or, especially, over the remaining life or lives of one or more beneficiaries.


ISI

(education) Acronym of institut seni Indonesia (“Indonesian Institute of Arts”).


batil

Inherited from Malay batil, from Classical Malay batil, from Arabic بَاطِل (bāṭil).


wihara

From Javanese ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara, “monastery”), from Old Javanese wihāra, bihāra, from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “monastery, academy”). Doublet of biara.


lombong

Inherited from Malay lombong, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumbuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *lumbuŋ (“pit, deep cavity in the ground”). Doublet of lumbung.

inh

(mining) stope: a mining excavation in the form of a terrace of steps.


hyang

From Old Javanese hyaṅ, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.

(Hinduism) hyang: An unseen spirit with supernatural powers, in ancient Indonesian mythology.


kronik

Borrowed from Dutch kroniek (“chronicle”), from Middle Dutch cronike, from Latin chronica, from Ancient Greek χρονικόν (khronikón), neuter of χρονικός (khronikós).


keselamatan

Affixed selamat + ke- -an, from Malay keselamatan.

(Christianity) salvation: the state of having been saved (from hell).


hakam

Inherited from Malay hakam, from Arabic حَكَم (ḥakam).


garar

Borrowed from Arabic غَرَر (ḡarar, “risk, chance, danger”).


sukuk

From Arabic صُكُوك (ṣukūk), plural of صَكّ (ṣakk, “bond, deed”).


sakramen

From Dutch sacrament, from Old French sacrament, from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentum (“sacrament”), from Latin sacrō (“hallow, consecrate”), from sacer (“sacred, holy”), originally sum deposited by parties to a suit.

der

(Catholicism) sacrament (sacred act or ceremony)


puasa

From Malay puasa, from Sanskrit उपवास (upavāsa). Doublet of upawasa.

(Islam) one of the five pillars of Islam

fasting
one of the five pillars of Islam


suku kata

Compound of suku (“part”) + kata (“word”), from Malay suku kata. Compare to Chinese 音節／音节 (“syllable”, literally “sound + section”).


investasi

invèstasi (canonical)
investasi-investasi (plural)

From Dutch investatie, old form of investering.

(finance) A placement of capital in expectation of deriving income or profit from its use or appreciation.


kartun

From English cartoon. Doublet of karton.

(comics) A humorous drawing, often with a caption, or a strip of such drawings.

(comics) A drawing satirising current public figures.

(animation) An animated piece of film which is often but not exclusively humorous.


babad

From Javanese ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ (babad, “history, chronicle”), from Old Javanese *babad,
* babad (“to clear”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajbaj, from Proto-Austronesian *bajbaj (“loosen, untie, unwrap; unravel; to clear forest”), *-baj (“unravel, untie”). Doublet of babat.
* wwat (“to report”, literally “to present, offer”). Doublet of buat.

der

(literature) Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Sasak, and Madurese stories containing historical events


akting

From English acting, noun from
act, from Old French acte, from Latin ācta (“register of events”), plural of āctum (“decree, law”), from agō (“put in motion”).

(drama, colloquial) acting, the act of performing a role.


pendidikan

pêndidikan (canonical)
pendidikan-pendidikan (plural)

Affixed didik + peng- -an, from Malay pendidikan.


perpustakaan

pêrpustakaan (canonical)
perpustakaan-perpustakaan (plural)

Affixed of pustaka + per- -an, from Malay perpustakaan.

an institution which holds books and/or other forms of media for use by the public or qualified people often lending them out, as well as providing various other services for its users.

a collection of books or other forms of stored information.


wali kota

Compound of wali + kota, calque of Dutch burgemeester.


bupati

From Javanese bupati (ꦧꦸꦥꦠꦶ), from Old Javanese bhūpati (“king”), from Sanskrit भूपति (bhūpati) < भूमिपति (bhūmipati), compound of भूमि (bhūmi, “land”) + पति (pati, “lord”). Cognate of Balinese ᬪᬹᬧᬢᬶ (bupati).


gayung

dipper (a cup-shaped vessel with a long handle, for dipping into and ladling out liquids; a ladle or scoop)

quarterstaff (a wooden staff of an approximate length between 2 and 2.5 meters, sometimes tipped with iron, used as a weapon)

singlestick (a one-handed wooden stick used for fencing in place of a sword)


LN

lembaran negara
lembaran negara#Indonesian


kelahiran

kêlahiran (canonical)
kelahiran-kelahiran (plural)

Affixed lahir + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kelahiran.

(obstetrics) childbirth, parturition: The fact or action of giving birth to a child, as the culmination of pregnancy.


DPD

Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
Dewan Perwakilan Daerah#Indonesian

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (“Regional Representative Council”).


libertarisme

Borrowed from Dutch libertarisme, from French libertarisme.


tahanan

(law) detainee: suspect, accused or defendant whose detained in detention centre to some future judicial proceeding.


aturan

Affixed atur + -an, inherited from Malay aturan, from Classical Malay aturan.
* Replaced Dutch bepaling (“provision”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.
* Replaced Dutch regeling (“arrangement”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.
* Translation of Japanese 政令(せいれい) (seirei, “ordinance, government decree”) as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah. See sirei.


oligarki

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch oligarchie (“oligarchy”), Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía, “oligarchy”).


sahih

From Malay sahih, from Classical Malay sahih, from Arabic صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ).

Arabic صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ)

(Islam) authentic: said of a hadith that has been preserved and transmitted accurately


talak

Borrowed from Arabic طَلَاق (ṭalāq, “divorce”), from the root ط ل ق (ṭ l q).

ar-root

ط ل ق (ṭ l q)

(Islam) talaq: an Islamic divorce, sanctioned by the Qur'an.


SKN

sistem kliring nasional
sistem kliring nasional#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of sistem kliring nasional.


arkade

* From Dutch arcade, from French arcade, from Italian arcata (“arch of a bridge”), from Latin arcus (“arc”).
* Semantic loan from English arcade for other senses than a row of arches.

(architecture) a covered passage, usually with shops on both sides.

(video games) an establishment that runs coin-operated games.


nagari

From Minangkabau nagari, from Sanskrit नगरी (nagarī, “city”). Doublet of negara and negeri.

An administrative unit below kecamatan in West Sumatra, Indonesia, consisting of a cluster of villages. Created based on historical nagari in Minangkabau land.


kibor

(music) a device with keys of a musical keyboard, used to control electronic sound-producing devices which may be built into or separate from the keyboard device.


ampas

From Malay hampas, ampas, from Classical Malay همڤس (hampas), امڤاس (ampas).


niaga

From Malay niaga, from Classical Malay niaga, back-formation from beniaga (“trading”), which borrowed from Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “trader”).


kata nama

Compound of kata (“word”) + nama (“name”), calque of Dutch naamwoord (“noun”, literally “name + word”).


subsider

From Dutch subsidiair, from French subsidiaire, from Latin subsidiārius. Compare Malay subsidiari.

(law) secondary sentence as alternative sentence to primary sentence, if the primary sentence is not fulfilled.


FIB

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu budaya.


raksasa

From Malay raksasa, from Classical Malay raksasa, from Sanskrit राक्षस (rākṣasa, “demon”).

(Buddhism, Hinduism) a member of a race of usually evil human-like monsters who eat people; an ogre


sakristi

From Dutch sacristie, from Middle Dutch sacristie, from Medieval Latin sacristia.

(Catholicism) sacristy: A room in a church where sacred vessels, books, vestments, etc. are kept. Sometimes also used by clergy to prepare for worship or for meetings.


juru selamat

(religion) Savior, Redeemer (Jesus Christ)


surau

From Malay surau, possibly from Sanskrit सुरौकस् (suraukas, “abode of the gods”).

der

(Islam) surau: a small mosque or other Islamic assembly building in parts of Sumatra and the Malay peninsula.


oportunisme

Borrowed from Dutch opportunisme (“opportunism”).


bazoka

(military) bazooka, a shoulder fired rocket grenade launcher.


kesatria

kêsatria (canonical)
kesatria-kesatria (plural)

From Malay kesatria, from Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior-king”).

der

(Hinduism) a member of the Kshatriya social class in ancient Hindu society


salib

From Malay salib, from Arabic صَلِيب (ṣalīb).

(Christianity) The cross on which Christ was crucified.

(Christianity) A hand gesture made in imitation of the shape of the Cross.

(Christianity) A modified representation of the crucifixion stake, worn as jewellery or displayed as a symbol of religious devotion.


najis

From Arabic نَجِس (najis, “unclean, impure”).

(Islam) ritually unclean, such that contact with it puts a Muslim in a state of impurity.


sangga

From Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha, “group, assembly”). Doublet of sangha.

(scouting) A 5 - 10 persons scouting group


mengaktifkan

head

mengaktifkan (active mengaktifkan, passive diaktifkan, accidental/perfect passive teraktifkan)

mengaktifkan (active)
diaktifkan (passive)

Affixed of aktif (“active”) + meng- -kan.

(transitive, military) to organize a military unit or station

to activate
to organize a military unit or station


RAT

rapat anggota tahunan
rapat anggota tahunan#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of rapat anggota tahunan.


paroki

From Late Latin parochia, from Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía, “a dwelling abroad”).
* Via Dutch parochie (“parish”), from Middle Dutch prochie.
* Via Portuguese paróquia (“parish”).


sahur

From Malay sahur,
from Classical Malay sahur, from Arabic سَحُور (saḥūr).

(Islam) suhur, a pre-dawn breakfast during the Ramadan fasting


deret

(phonology) a set of consonants that share a particular phonetic or phonological feature.


surga

From Malay shurga, shorga, sorga, surga, swarga, syorga, syurga (Standard Malay syurga), from Classical Malay شرݢ (syurga), شرݢ (surga), from Sanskrit स्वर्ग (svarga).

(religion) paradise, heaven. (any religions)

(Hinduism) alternative spelling of swarga (“svarga”)


mosaik

From Dutch mozaïek, from Middle French mosaïque, from Italian mosaico, from Medieval Latin musaicum, from Late Latin musivum (opus), from Latin museum, musaeum, probably from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon), shrine of the Muses, (Μοῦσα (Moûsa)).

(art) A piece of artwork created by placing colored squares (usually tiles) in a pattern so as to create a picture.

(photography) A composite picture made from overlapping photographs.


katekis

Borrowed from Dutch catechist, from Latin catēchista.

(Christianity) catechist (one who practices catechesis, i.e., catechizes catechumens; a teacher who instructs students in the doctrines of a particular Christian denomination typically in preparation for confirmation)


wesel

From Dutch wissel, from Middle Dutch wissel. Cognate of Peranakan Indonesian wissel.

(Standard Malay)

(finance) money order, a type of cheque, usually purchased from a postal service to allow safe sending of money through the post, possibly to be redeemed in another country.


HET

harga eceran tertinggi
harga eceran tertinggi#Indonesian

(business, economics) Initialism of harga eceran tertinggi (“retail price ceiling”).


UMK

(law, Indonesia) Initialism of upah minimum kabupaten.

(law, Indonesia) Initialism of upah minimum kota .


Matius

(biblical) Matthew (disciple of Jesus, author of the Gospel of Matthew)


federalisme

Borrowed from Dutch federalisme (“federalism”), from French fédéralisme.


penilaian

pênilaian (canonical)
penilaian-penilaian (plural)

Affixed nilai (“value”) + peng- -an, inherited from Malay penilaian.

(education) the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning

(Standard Malay)


Ishak

der

Arabic إِسْحَاقَ (ʔisḥāqa)

(Christianity, Judaism) Isaac (Biblical character)


pj

penanggung jawab
penanggung jawab#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of penanggung jawab.


Ayub

Ayyub

Ayoub; given name from Arabic; senses, and only

(Christianity, Judaism) Job (Biblical character)

(Christianity, Judaism) Job (book of the Bible)


kecamatan

kêcamatan (canonical)
kecamatan-kecamatan (plural)

→ English: kecamatan

Affixed of camat + ke- -an, from Javanese ꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀ (kacamatan).

(government) the third-level administrative division in Indonesia, previously Dutch onderdistrict (“subdistrict”).


camat

chief executive officer
chief executive officer

(government) The chief executive officer in a third-level administrative division, kecamatan, in Indonesia.


lurah

* Inherited from Malay lurah (“valley; groove”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦭꦸꦫꦃ (lurah, “village chief”, literally “chief”) for the sense of a fourth-level administrative division chief executive officer (compare Old Javanese lurah (“chief, head, officer; plain, valley; ravine, depth, gorge”)).

cog

(government) The chief executive officer in a subdistrict, urbanized fourth-level administrative division, kelurahan, in Indonesia.

(Yogyakarta, government) The chief executive officer in a subdistrict, rural fourth-level administrative division, kalurahan, in Yogyakarta.


kelurahan

kêlurahan (canonical)
kelurahan-kelurahan (plural)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦼꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ (kelurahan)

Affixed lurah (“urbanized fourth-level administrative division chief executive officer”) + ke- -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ (kalurahan). Doublet of kalurahan.


gubernur

gubêrnur (canonical)
gubernur-gubernur (plural)

→ Min Nan: 鵝蠻律 /鹅蛮律 (gô-bân-lu̍t)

From earlier East Indies Malay goepernoer, from Dutch gouverneur, from Middle Dutch gouverneur, from Middle French gouverneur, from Old French gouvreneur, from Latin gubernator.

(government) the chief executive officer of a province or provincial-level division known as a provinsi in Indonesia.

(military) The head of military education institution.


siwar

(fashion) a woven thread, used as a separator and strengthener for the base of the tassel on a typical Sumbawa men's shawl


biara

From Malay biara (“monastery”), from Old Malay vihāra (“monastery”), from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “monastery, academy”). Doublet of wihara.

der

monastery: a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).


mudarabah

Borrowed from Arabic مُضَارَبَة (muḍāraba, “venture”).


konteks

From Dutch context, from Middle French contexte or Latin contextus.

(linguistics) the text in which a word or passage appears and which helps ascertain its meaning.


asyik

From Malay asik, asyik, from Classical Malay اسيق (asik), عاشيق (asyik), from Arabic عَاشِق (ʕāšiq, “admirer, lover”).

(Islam) the person who sets his reflection and spiritual view on Allah SWT. because it is driven by love for Him and no longer afraid of death.


briptu

(law enforcement) acronym of brigadir polisi satu (“first police brigadier”) (Indonesia).


mahkamah

From Malay mahkamah, from Classical Malay mahkamah, from Arabic مَحْكَمَة (maḥkama, “court”).

the persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases.

the hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.


riwayat

From Malay riwayat, from Classical Malay riwayat, from Arabic رِوَايَة (riwāya, “novel, story”).


nahu

From Malay nahu, from Arabic نَحْو (naḥw).


tilang

Blend of bukti (“evidence”) + pelanggaran (“violation”).

blend

(law) citation, traffic violation ticket, or notice to appear.


RPL

(education) Initialism of rekognisi pembelajaran lampau (“recognition of prior learning”).


balok

From Javanese ꦧꦭꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (balok), from Dutch balk. Doublet of balak.

(military, colloquial) epaulet, epaulette, shoulder board: an ornamentation, worn on the shoulders of a military uniform, as a sign of rank.


maksud

Inherited from Malay maksud, from Arabic مَقْصُود (maqṣūd, “aim, intention, purpose”). The sense in law was coined by Indonesian lecturer P.A.F Lamintang to translate Dutch voornemen.


dubes

(government, politics) acronym of duta besar (“ambassador”).


talkin

(Islam) talqin, the shahada that is whispered to someone that about to die or recited for the recently buried


menalkinkan

(Islam) to whisper or recite shahada to someone that about to die or recently buried


hamil

from Malay hamil, from Arabic حَامِل (ḥāmil)

pregnant (carrying developing offspring within the body)


vikariat

(Catholicism) vicariate, the office or authority of a vicar.


SHM

sertifikat hak milik
sertifikat hak milik#Indonesian

(government) Initialism of sertifikat hak milik.


sadu

From Malay sadu, from Pali sādhu (“well”), from Sanskrit साधु (sādhu, “well, proper”).
* Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sādhu (“sadhu: holy man, saint, sage, seer”).

lbor

(Hinduism) sadhu: a holy man, saint, sage, seer.


pasukan

Affixed pasuk + -an, from Malay pasukan, from Classical Malay pasukan.


pinjam terjemah

id-noun

pinjam terjemah (plural pinjam-pinjam terjemah)

Compound of pinjam (“borrow”) + terjemah (“translate”), calque of Dutch leenvertaling.

com

Kata "sepeda motor" adalah kata pinjam terjemah dari bahasa Belanda "motorfiets".

The word "sepeda motor" is a calque of the Dutch "motorfiets".

(linguistics) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.


ulangan

From Malay ulangan. Equivalent to ulang + -an. Examination sense is a semantic loan from Dutch repetitie.

(in primary and secondary education only) an examination, during the academic term.


himpunan

Affixed himpun + -an.
* Sense in set theory is semantic loan from Dutch verzameling (“set”, literally “collection”).

sl

himpunan transformasi bujur-sangkar Latin

(anthropology) a collection of things which have been gathered together or assembled.

(archaeology) a group of different artifacts found in association with one another.


relaas

(law) summons: a notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness.


bubut

Inherited from Malay bubut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butbut (“owl”).

coucal (any bird of the genus Centropus in the cuckoo family Cuculidae)


elektabilitas

èlèktabilitas (canonical)
elektabilitas-elektabilitas (plural)


praperadilan

prapêradilan (canonical)
praperadilan-praperadilan (plural)


penyidik

(law) An officer (police or civil servant) who investigates; investigator.


penuntut umum

id-noun

penuntut umum (plural penuntut-penuntut umum)

public prosecutor
public prosecutor#English


kuliah kerja nyata

Compound of kuliah (“lecture”) + kerja (“work”) + nyata (“real”).


paparan benua

id-noun

paparan benua (plural paparan-paparan benua)

continental shelf
continental shelf#English


pidana

From Javanese ꦥꦶꦢꦤ (pidana, “court punishment”), from Old Javanese pīḍana (“pressing or squeezing; of oppressing, paining, afflicting”), from Sanskrit पीडन (pīḍana, “press, suppress”). Semantic loan from Dutch strafrecht (“criminal law”, literally “punishment law”) as Dutch straf (“punishment, penalty, sanction”).

cog

(law) crime: a specific act committed in violation of the law.

(Standard Malay)


tersangka

(law) suspect: a person who is suspected of committing a crime.


hukum pidana

Compound of hukum (“law”) + pidana (“crime”, literally “punishment”), calque of Dutch strafrecht (“criminal law”, literally “punishment law”). Coined in between 1942 and 1945.


wanprestasi

Borrowed from Dutch wanprestatie (“non-performance, breach of contract”).

bor+

(law, finance) default (The condition of failing to meet an obligation)

Itulah sebabnya, baik wanprestasi maupun perbuatan melawan hukum merupakan dasar untuk menuntut tanggung jawab perusahaan penilai.

2004, Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, volume 23, page 110:

That is why, both breach and act against the law are fundamental for holding the appraisal company to account.


uang pesangon

id-noun

uang pesangon (plural uang-uang pesangon)


hukum perdata

Compound of hukum (“law”) + perdata (“civil (law)”), calque of Dutch burgerlijk recht (“civil law”). Coined by Indonesian sociologist M.M. Djojodigoeno.


perbuatan melawan hukum

id-noun

perbuatan melawan hukum (plural perbuatan-perbuatan melawan hukum)

perbuatan-perbuatan melawan hukum (plural)


rumus

From Malay rumus, from Arabic رُمُوز (rumūz), plural of رَمْز (ramz, “cipher, code”).

(biology, chemistry, linguistics, literature, physics) formula


APRI

Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia#Indonesian

Initialism of Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia (“National Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia”).


TNI

Tentara Nasional Indonesia
w:id:Tentara Nasional Indonesia

(military) Initialism of Tentara Nasional Indonesia (“Indonesian National Armed Forces”).


Jend.

(title, military) Abbreviation of Jenderal. (Gen.).


jenderal

Borrowed from Dutch generaal, from French général, from Old French general, from Latin generālis.


kompi

From dialectal Dutch compagnie, from Middle Dutch compangie, from Old French compagnie, from Latin [Term?]. Compare to Petjo compies. Doublet of kompeni.

(military) company: a unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion.


narapidana

nara- + pidana. Coined by Indonesian politician Sahardjo. Replaced orang hukuman.

coinage

correctional facility
correctional facility

(law) prisoner: a convict (terpidana) incarcerated in a correctional facility, serving a sentence.


terpidana

têrpidana (canonical)
terpidana-terpidana (plural)

(law) convict: a person convicted of a crime by a judicial body with permanent legal force


undang-undang

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Reduplication of undang, inherited from Malay undang-undang,
from Classical Malay undang. Semantic loan from Dutch ordonnantie for legal regulation sense.

(law) legislation: law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body.

(Standard Malay)

act of parliament: a law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament.


lembaga pemasyarakatan

id-noun

lembaga pemasyarakatan (plural lembaga-lembaga pemasyarakatan)

Compound of lembaga (“institution”) + pemasyarakatan (“integration to society”). Coined by Indonesian politician Sahardjo.

compound

correctional institution
correctional institution

(law, euphemistic) correctional institution; correctional facility; penitentiary


BPK

(government) Initialism of Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (“Audit Board of Indonesia”).


KPK

(government) Initialism of Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (“Corruption Eradication Commission”).


politisi

Borrowed from Dutch politici, the plural form of politicus.


gatra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦠꦿ (gatra), from Sanskrit गात्र (gātra, “body”).

(linguistics) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding

the way something appears when viewed from a certain direction or perspective


aiptu

(law enforcement) acronym of ajun inspektur polisi satu (Indonesia).


AJB

akta jual beli
akta jual beli#Indonesian

(business, real estate) Initialism of akta jual beli.


ADK

(finance) Initialism of arsip data komputer (“computer data archive”).


APBN

anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara#Indonesian

(finance, government) Initialism of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara (“national government budget”).


APBD

anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah.


APD

aplikasi penarikan dana
aplikasi penarikan dana#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of aplikasi penarikan dana.


kementerian

kêmêntêrian (canonical)
kementerian-kementerian (plural)

Affixed of menteri + ke- -an. Doublet of kemantren.

(government) ministration, the act of ministering.

ministry,
ministration, the act of ministering.

(government) government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister (or equivalent rank, e.g. secretary of state), who holds it as portfolio, especially in a constitutional monarchy, but also as a polity.


tahniah

From through Malay tahniah, from Arabic تَهْنِئَة (tahniʔa, “congratulation”).

der

(Islam) words or expressions of congratulations, felicitations


beasiswa

béasiswa (canonical)
beasiswa-beasiswa (plural)

Compound of bea (“expense”) + siswa (“student”).

(education) scholarship, a grant-in-aid to a student.

(education) bursary: a monetary award to university students that allows them to continue their studies.


tabernakel

tabêrnakêl (canonical)
tabernakel-tabernakel (plural)

From Dutch tabernakel, from Middle Dutch tabernakel, from Latin tabernaculum, diminutive of taberna.

(Catholicism) A small ornamented cupboard or box used for the reserved sacrament of the Eucharist, normally located in an especially prominent place in a Roman Catholic church.


zuhur

From earlier lohor, from Malay lohor, zohor, zuhur, from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).


Zuhur

From earlier Lohor, from Malay Lohor,
Zohor, Zuhur, from Arabic ظُهْر (ẓuhr, “noon”).


naskah

Inherited from Malay naskah, naskhah (Standard Malay naskhah), from Arabic نُسْخَة (nusḵa). Semantic loan from Dutch handschrift.

(journalism) the text that is to be typeset.

(journalism) the text of newspaper articles.


kajur

(education) Acronym of ketua jurusan (“department head”).


kaprodi

(education) Acronym of ketua program studi (“head of program”).

(education) Acronym of kepala program studi (“head of program”).


kapolri

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.


kapolsek

kepolisian sektor
kepolisian sektor#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepala kepolisian sektor.


kapolres

kepolisian resor
kepolisian resor#Indonesian

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepala kepolisian resor.


Polri

w:id:Kepolisan Negara Republik Indonesia

(law enforcement) Acronym of Kepolisan Negara Republik Indonesia (“Indonesian National Police”).


polsek

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian sektor.


polres

(law enforcement) Acronym of kepolisian resor.


kodam

(military) acronym of komando daerah militer (“military region command”) (Indonesia).


pangdam

komando daerah militer
komando daerah militer#Indonesian

(military) acronym of panglima komando daerah militer (“military region commander”) (Indonesia).


Kostrad

angkatan darat
angkatan darat#Indonesian

(military) Acronym of komando cadangan strategis angkatan darat.


dusun

(government) division of administrative areas in Indonesia which are located under sub-districts or villages


nikmat

From Malay nikmat, from Arabic نِعْمَة (niʕma).


sundari

From Sanskrit सुन्दरी (sundarī, “beautiful”).

(music) sundari: a double-reed wind instrument with seven to nine holes, related to the shehnai.


camca

Inherited from Malay camca, from Hindi चमचा (camcā), from Classical Persian چمچه (čamča, čumča), ultimately of Turkic origin.


diri

From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).

inh

(psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.


milenial

of or relating to people born in the last two decades of the 20th century.


laksamana

From Malay laksamana,
from Classical Malay laksamana, from Sanskrit लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa).

(military) naval officer of the highest rank.

admiral:
naval officer of the highest rank.

(military) a high rank in the navies, NATO grade OF-9, equivalent ranks in other navies, in coast guards, etc.


siter

From Dutch citer, from Middle Dutch cythaer, from Old Dutch cithara, from Latin cithara, from Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára, “kind of harp”).


kata sifat

* From Malay kata sifat. Reconstructed as kata + sifat.
* Semantic loan from Arabic صِفَات (ṣifāt), plural of صِفَة (ṣifa, “adjective”) for adjective sense.


dialek

Borrowed from Dutch dialect, from Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “inter, through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”).

der

(strict sense) a lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German)

(broad sense) a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon


khizanatulkitab

From Malay khizanatulkitab,
from Classical Malay khizanatulkitab, from Arabic خِزَانَةُ الكِتَاب (ḵizānatu l-kitāb).

خِزَانَةُ الكِتَاب


hukum pelengkap

id-noun

hukum pelengkap (plural hukum-hukum pelengkap)

Compound of hukum + pelengkap, calque of Dutch aanvullend recht.


penggelapan

gelap + peng- -an. The sense “embezzlement” is a semantic loan from Dutch verduistering.


putusan sela

putusan sela (plural putusan-putusan sela)

interlocutory decision
interlocutory decision


obligasi

→ Malay: obligasi

* Borrowed from Dutch obligatie, from Middle Dutch obligacie, from Old French obligation, from Latin obligātiō.
* Semantic loan from English obligation.

(law) evidence of a long-term debt, by which the bond issuer (the borrower) is obliged to pay interest when due, and repay the principal at maturity, as specified on the face of the bond certificate

(finance) a documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract; a debenture

a social, legal, or moral requirement, duty, contract, or promise that compels someone to follow or avoid a particular course of action

a course of action imposed by society, law, or conscience by which someone is bound or restricted

(law) a legal agreement stipulating a specified action or forbearance by a party to the agreement; the document containing such agreement


DIPA

(government) Initialism of daftar isian pelaksanaan anggaran.


RPS

(education) Initialism of rencana pembelajaran semester (“semester lesson plan”).


kekuatan

From Malay kekuatan. Equivalent to kuat (“strong”) + ke- -an.


unikorn

From English unicorn, from Middle English unicorne, unikorn, from Anglo-Norman unicorne, Old French unicorne, and their source, Latin ūnicornis, from ūnus (“one”) + cornū (“horn”).

(finance, trading) unicorn, a startup company whose valuation has exceeded one billion U.S. dollars, which is solely backed by venture capitalists, and which has yet to have an IPO.


ikatan

Affixed ikat + -an, inherited from Malay ikatan.


kala lampau

From kala + lampau. Calque of English past tense.


tebus

head

têbus (active menebus, passive ditebus, perefective passive tertebus)

têbus (canonical)
menebus (active)
ditebus (passive)

Inherited from Malay tebus, from Proto-Malayic *təbus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbus.
Cognates
Cognate with Toba Batak tobus, Tagalog tubos, Cebuano tubos, Kisar keuhu.

(finance) to convert (some bond or security) into cash


orasi

From Dutch oratie, from Latin ōrātiō, ōrātiōnem, from ōrō (“I orate”) + -ātiō (“action (nominalizer)”).

(education) inaugural speech of a new professor.

oration: formal speech
inaugural speech of a new professor.


gongyo

Borrowed from Japanese 勤行(ごんぎょう) (gongyō, “religious (Buddhist) service”), from 勤(ごん) (gon, “diligence, become employed, serve”) + 行(ぎょう) (gyō, “going, journey”).

ja-r

(Buddhism) Religious service practiced by Nichiren Buddhists.


seinendan

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 青年団 (せいねんだん, seinendan, “youth association”), from 青年 (せいねん, seinen, “youth”) + 団 (だん, dan, “group, team, gang”).

ubor

(military, historical) militarized youth group

(military, obsolete) Synonym of karang taruna (“neighborhood youth association”)


sinse

Borrowed from Hokkien 先生 (sin-seⁿ, “doctor; physician; teacher”), from 先 (sin, “earlier; first”) + 生 (seⁿ, “to be born”). Compare Japanese 先生 (sensei, “teacher; elder”). Doublet of sensei.


banci

From Malay banci, from Javanese ꦧꦚ꧀ꦕꦶ (banci, “effeminate man; asexual person”), from Old Javanese wañci (“timid, shy; character; deceitful”), from bañcana, wañcana (“deception, deceitful”), from Sanskrit वञ्चन (vañcana, “deceiving, trickery”). Doublet of bencana.

der

(derogatory) waria: a member of Indonesia's traditional transfeminine third gender category


onagata

From Japanese 女形 (おんながた, onnagata, “onnagata”).

bor

(drama) onnagata, male actor who plays female roles in kabuki theater.


keuskupan

Affixed uskup + ke- -an, from Malay keuskupan.


tekidanto

From Japanese 擲弾筒(てきだんとう) (tekidantō, “grenade launcher”).


bantuan

From Malay bantuan,
from Classical Malay bantuan. Equivalent to bantu + -an.

(education) bursary: a monetary award to university students that allows them to continue their studies.


konservatisme

From Dutch conservatisme. Reanalysed as konservatif + -isme.


syuriken

From Japanese 手裏剣(しゅりけん) (shuriken, literally “in the hand blade”).

(weaponry) shuriken, a dart or throwing blade, sometimes with multiple points, used as a weapon by ninja (or samurai).


gerilya

From Dutch guerrilla, from Spanish guerrilla.

(military) guerrilla war; guerrilla warfare.


perkataan

pêrkataan (canonical)
perkataan-perkataan (plural)


PKP

penghasilan kena pajak
penghasilan kena pajak#Indonesian

(taxation) Initialism of penghasilan kena pajak.

pengusaha kena pajak
pengusaha kena pajak#Indonesian

(taxation) Initialism of pengusaha kena pajak.


retret

rètrèt (canonical)
retret-retret (plural)

From Dutch retraite, from Old French retrait or retret, from Latin retractus, from retraho.

(Christianity) retreat, period of meditation, prayer, or study.


dosen

From Dutch docent (“teacher, docent”), from Latin docēns, present participle of doceō (“to teach”).

(education) docent; lecturer, person who gives lectures (usually in a university, as opposed to a school teacher).


peserta didik

Compound of peserta (“participant”) + didik (“to provide intellectual training”).

compound

pelajar

student in primary to senior high school

siswi

female student in preschool to senior high school

mahasiswi

female student enrolled in an institution of higher learning


fakultas

→ Tetum: fakultas

* Learned borrowing from Latin facultās. Doublet of fasilitas.
* Displaced, since 1954, earlier loanword fakulteit, fakultet and fakultit, from Dutch faculteit.

(education) faculty, division of a university.


kuliah

Inherited from Malay kuliah, from Arabic كُلِّيَّة (kulliyya).

higher education
higher education#English


sekolah tinggi

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + tinggi (“high”), calque of Dutch hogeschool (“hogeschool, polytechnic, college”, literally “high school”).

calque

(education) hogeschool, college: mono-disciplinary higher education institution; a higher education institution of lower rank than a university.

sekolah tinggi keradjaan


sekolah menengah

id-noun

sêkolah mênêngah (plural sekolah-sekolah menengah)

sêkolah mênêngah (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah menengah (plural)

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + menengah (“middle”), from Malay sekolah menengah, a calque of Dutch middelbare school (“high school”, literally “middle school”).

calque

(education) high school (US), secondary school (UK).


sekolah menengah atas

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + atas (“high”), from
* Calque from English upper + secondary school, or
* Calque from Japanese 高等 (kōtō, “higher”) + 中学校 (chūgakkō, “secondary (middle) school”). The post-war Japanese term is 高等学校 (kōtōgakkō). Doublet of sekolah menengah tinggi.
* Calque from Chinese 高級中學／高级中学 (gāojí zhōngxué, “senior high school”).

zh-l

(education) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK), abbreviated as SMA.


sekolah menengah pertama

id-noun

sekolah menengah pertama (plural sekolah-sekolah menengah pertama)

sekolah-sekolah menengah pertama (plural)

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + pertama (“first”), calque from Japanese 初等 (shotō, “beginner, primary”) + 中學校 (chūgakkō, “secondary (middle) school”). The post-war Japanese term is 中学校 (chūgakkō). Attested in Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah 2602 (1942).

compound

(education) junior high school (US), lower secondary school (UK), abbreviated SMP.


sekolah menengah kejuruan

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + kejuruan (“skill”). Comparable to Japanese 高等専修学校(こうとうせんしゅうがっこう) (kōtōsenshūgakkō, “upper secondary specialized training school”).

ja-r

こうとうせんしゅうがっこう

(education) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK) level (ISCED Level 3) vocational school, abbreviated SMK.


sekolah menengah umum

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + umum (“general”), from
* Calque of Dutch algemene middelbare school of algemene (“common, general”) + middelbare (“secondary”) + school.
* Compare to Chinese 普通高中.

compound

(education, historical) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK), abbreviated SMU.


sulung

* Inherited from Malay sulung (“firstborn”).
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦱꦸꦭꦸꦁ (sulung, “small flying ant which comes out at night”, literally “earliest; eldest”).

sl

(uncountable, chiefly Christianity) firstfruit, firstfruits: an offering of the first of the harvest.


wicara

From Javanese ꦮꦶꦕꦫ (wicara), from Old Javanese wicāra, from Sanskrit विचार (vicāra, “thought, discussion”). Doublet of bicara and to talk.


prefektur

Borrowed from Dutch prefectuur, from Middle French préfecture, from Latin praefectūra.

prefecture (the jurisdiction or region of a prefect)


uskup

From Malay uskup, from Arabic أُسْقُف (ʔusquf, “bishop”), from Coptic ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (episkopos), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos). Doublet of biskop.


lahad

Inherited from Malay lahad, from Arabic لَحْد (laḥd).

(Islam) niche (cavity, hollow, or recess)


penggawa

From Malay penggawa, from Classical Malay penggawa, from Sanskrit पुङ्गव (puṅgava, “hero; chief”).


sekolah laboratorium

Calque of English laboratory school, from sekolah (“school”) + laboratorium (“laboratory”).

compound

(education) laboratory school, an elementary or secondary school operated in association with a university, college, or other teacher education institution and used for the training of future teachers, educational experimentation, educational research, and professional development.


sekolah dasar

id-noun

sêkolah dasar (plural sekolah-sekolah dasar)

sêkolah dasar (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah dasar (plural)

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + dasar (“base”), a calque of Dutch basisschool.

elementary school (US), primary school (UK)


sekolah rakyat

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + rakyat (“people”), from calque from Japanese 國民學校(こくみんがっこう) (kokumingakkō, literally “people school”), from calque of German Volksschule (“primary school”, literally “people-school”). Cognate of Korean 국민학교 (gungminhakgyo).

calque

(education, obsolete) elementary school (US), primary school (UK)


tahun ajaran

Compound of tahun (“year”) + ajaran (“teaching”), literally "teaching year", calque of Dutch leerjaar (“teaching year”).


Nasrani

Inherited from Malay Nasrani, from Arabic نَصْرَانِيّ (naṣrāniyy, “Christian”).


imamah

From Arabic إِمَامَة (ʔimāma). Doublet of imamat.


Paskah

From Latin pascha (“Easter”), from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha, “Passover”), from Aramaic פסחא (paskha), from Hebrew פסח (pésakh).

(Christianity) Pascha, Passover, or Easter.


biksu

From Malay biksu, from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”).

(Buddhism) bhikkhu, a Buddhist monk or priest; one who follows all Buddhist precepts as a full member of the sangha.


dading

From Dutch dading, from Middle Dutch dāghedinc, dādinc, dāghedinghe or dādinghe. Re-analysed in Dutch dag (“day”) + geding (“lawsuit”).

settlement agreement
settlement agreement#English

(law) out-of-court settlement agreement.


abiseka

Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦧꦶꦱꦺꦏ (abiséka), from Old Javanese abhiṣeka, from Sanskrit अभिषेक (abhiṣeka, “sprinkling, watering, wetting; anointing, inaugurating or consecrating by sprinkling water; coronation, inauguration, installation; etc.”); compare Pali abhiseka (“anointing, consecration, inauguration”).

cog

(Hinduism) ceremony of watering, related to coronation, inauguration, installation; etc.


pasraman

Reconstructed as asrama + peng- -an, from Javanese pasraman (ꦥꦱꦿꦩꦤ꧀ (pasraman), “monastery, hermitage”), from Old Javanese pāśraman (“hermitage”). Cognate of Balinese pasrama (“boarding-house”).


upawasa

From Balinese upawasa, from Sanskrit उपवास (upavāsa, “fast”). Doublet of puasa.


awalan

(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning.


akhiran

* From Malay akhiran, from Classical Malay اخيران (akhiran, “finish”). Equivalent to akhir + -an.
* The sense “suffix” is a semantic loan from English suffix.


tempat tidur

id-noun

tempat tidur (plural tempat-tempat tidur)

Comparable to Japanese 寝床(ねどこ) (nedoko, “bed”, literally “sleeping place”) and Dutch slaapplaats.


bahasa baku

head

bahasa baku (plural bahasa-bahasa baku, first-person possessive bahasa bakuku, second-person possessive bahasa bakumu, third-person possessive bahasa bakunya)

bahasa-bahasa baku (plural)
bahasa baku ku (first-person possessive)
bahasa baku mu (possessive second-person)
bahasa baku nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + baku (“standard”), calque of Dutch standaardtaal (“standard language”).

clq

Bahasa baku itu dianggap lebih baik daripada ragam bahasa yang lain.

It is assumed that the standard register is better than other language varieties.

Bahasa baku mendukung empat fungsi.

Standard language supports four functions.

Nadin menjelaskan bahwa dirinya kerap menggunakan bahasa baku dalam berbicara sehari-hari.

Nadin told that she usually uses the standard register in her day-to-day speech.

standard language
standard language#English

(sociolinguistics) standard language: A form of a language that is institutionally promoted, regarded as the most "correct" or neutral variety; used by a population for public and formal purposes.


singgasana

From Malay singgahsana (“throne”), from Sanskrit सिंहासन (siṃhāsana, “throne”, literally “the lion's seat”). Equal to singa + asana.


isolek

(linguistics) isolect, idiom (neutral term between ‘language’ and ‘dialect’)


peraturan

Affixed atur + per- -an, inherited from Malay peraturan, from Classical Malay peraturan. Semantic loan from Dutch reglement for legal regulation sense.

(law) regulation: a type of law made by the executive branch of a government, usually as authorized by a statute made by the legislative branch giving the executive the authority to do so.


pelaku

pêlaku (canonical)
pelaku-pelaku (plural)

Affixed per- + laku. The sense of crime is a semantic loan from Dutch dader.

Pelaku penembakan masal telah diamankan.

The suspect of the mass shooting has been apprehended.

(law enforcement) suspect, culprit, perpetrator

(sociology) an individual engaging with the social structure.


bintara

From Sanskrit आभ्यन्तरः (ābhyantaraḥ, “interior officer”).

non-commissioned officer
non-commissioned officer


bhayangkara

Unadapted borrowing from Sanskrit भयङ्कर (bhayaṅkara, “fearful, falcon, owl”). Doublet of bayangkara.


remedi

rèmêdi (canonical)
remedi-remedi (plural)

Ultimately from Latin remedium.
* Via English remedy, from Middle English remedie, from Old French *remedie, remede.
* Via Dutch remedie, from Middle Dutch remedie, perhaps via Old French remedie.

(education) something that corrects or improve deficient skills in some subject.


kamerad

kamêrad (canonical)
kamerad-kamerad (plural)

From Dutch kameraad, from French camarade, from Spanish camarada or Italian camerata, from Medieval Latin *camarata, from Latin camara, camera (“a chamber”). Doublet of kamar and kamera.

(communism) comrade (a fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person)

a non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist or socialist state.


PPA

(healthcare, insurance) Acronym of profesional pemberi asuhan (“care provider professional”).


georadar

(mining) georadar, ground-penetrating radar


konsistori

From Dutch consistorie, from Late Latin consistorium (“waiting room, meeting place of the imperial council”).

der

consistory,
(Christianity) church council.

(Catholicism) an assembly of prelates; a session of the college of cardinals at Rome.


jemaah

jêmaah (canonical)
jemaah-jemaah (plural)

From Malay jemaah, from Arabic جَمَاعَة (jamāʕa). Doublet of jemaat.


tutur

Inherited from Malay tutur, from Proto-Malayic *tutur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tutur (“to speak clearly and deliberately”).

inh

(linguistics) parole: language in use, as opposed to language as a system.


cetiya

Learned borrowing from Pali cetiya, from Sanskrit चैत्य (caitya).

(Buddhism) cetiya: places used by Buddhists to remember Gautama Buddha.


MPR

Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat
w:id:Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat

(government, politics) Initialism of Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat.


lawazim

From Arabic لَوَازِم (lawāzim), plural form of لَازِم (lāzim). Doublet of lazim.


aliansi

From Dutch alliantie (“alliance”), from Middle Dutch alliancie, from Middle French alliance, from Old French aliance. Cognate of French alliance.

(politics) alliance:
the state of being allied.

(politics) alliance:
the act of allying or uniting.

a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league.

any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.


selamatkan

(theology) to redeem or protect someone from eternal damnation


FIP

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu pendidikan.


perlembagaan

Affixed lembaga + per- -an, from Malay perlembagaan.

(archaic, law) constitution: the formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.


ujian

Affixed uji + -an, inherited from Malay ujian.

(education) examination: A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester.


aktivisme

aktivismê (canonical)
aktivisme-aktivisme (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch activisme (“activism”). Reconstructed as aktif + -isme.

bor+

(politics) the practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue.

(art) the medium of visual art as a method of social or political commentary utilization.


laksana

Inherited from Malay laksana, from Sanskrit लक्षण (lakṣaṇa, “characteristic, trait”).
* The senses of action, doing, performing are semantic loan from Old Javanese lakṣaṇa (“action, doing”), from the same Sanskrit word.

sl

(archaeology) the characteristic of a statue.


terhukum

head

têrhukum (plural terhukum-terhukum, first-person possessive terhukumku, second-person possessive terhukummu, third-person possessive terhukumnya)

têrhukum (canonical)
terhukum-terhukum (plural)
terhukumku (first-person possessive)
terhukummu (possessive second-person)
terhukumnya (possessive third-person)


agnostisisme

From Dutch agnosticisme, from French agnosticisme, from English agnosticism.


turunan

Affixed turun (“descent”) + -an, inherited from Malay turunan, from, Classical Malay turunan (“descendant”). The sense “derivative” is a semantic loan from English derivative.

(linguistics) A word that derives from another one.

derivative:
A word that derives from another one.


percepatan

(Standard Malay)

(education) the advancement of students at a rate that places them ahead of where they would be in the regular school curriculum.


dakwa

From Malay dakwa, from Arabic دَعْوَى (daʕwā).


Yeremia

(Christianity, Judaism) Jeremiah (book of the Bible)


kepala sekolah

Compound of kepala (“head”) + sekolah (“school”), calque of Dutch schoolhoofd (“headteacher, principal”, literally “school head”).


uskup agung

Compound of uskup + agung. Attested before 1964.


kata hubung

Inherited from Malay kata hubung, from kata (“word”) + hubung (”to connect”). Equivalent to kata + hubung.

conjunction (a word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences, with the meaning used to show how the two joined parts are related)


menurunkan

turun (root)
menuruni (active locative)
terturuni (involuntary locative)
dituruni (involuntary locative passive)
turuni (locative)
turunilah (locative)
menurunkan (active applicative causative)
terturunkan (applicative causative)
diturunkan (applicative causative passive)
turunkan (applicative causative)
turunkanlah (applicative causative)
memperturun (active causative)
terperturun (active causative involuntary)
diperturun (active causative involuntary passive)
perturunkan (active causative)
perturunlah (active causative)
memperturuni (active causative locative)
terperturuni (causative involuntary locative)
diperturuni (causative involuntary locative passive)
perturuni (causative locative)
perturunilah (causative locative)
memperturunkan (active applicative causative)
terperturunkan (applicative causative)
diperturunkan (applicative causative passive)
perturunkan (applicative causative)
perturunkanlah (applicative causative)

From Malay menurunkan,
from Classical Malay menurunkan. Equivalent to
turun + meng- -kan.


absolusi

→ Malay: absolusi

From Dutch absolutie (“absolution”), from Middle Dutch absolucie, from Latin absolūtiō.

(Catholicism) absolution, absolving or setting free from guilt, sin or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.


devosi

From Dutch devotie, from Middle Dutch devotie, from Old French devotion, from Latin dēvōtiō.

(Catholicism) devotion, religious veneration, zeal, or piety.


ekaristi

èkaristi (canonical)
ekaristi-ekaristi (plural)

From Dutch eucharistie, from Old French, from Ecclesiastical Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía, “gratitude, giving of thanks”).

der

(Christianity) The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion.


ensiklik

énsiklik (canonical)
ensiklik-ensiklik (plural)

From Dutch encycliek (“encyclical”), from Latin encyclicus (“circular, encyclical”), from Ancient Greek ἐγκύκλιος (enkúklios, “circular, general”), from ἐν- (en-) + κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”).

(Catholicism) encyclical, a papal letter delivered to bishops in the Roman Catholic Church.


episkopal

èpiskopal (canonical)
episkopal-episkopal (plural)

From Dutch episcopaal, from French épiscopal, from Latin episcopālis (“episcopal”), from episcopus (“bishop”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”).

(Catholicism) episcopal, relating to a bishop and/or to the episcopate


kanonis

(Catholicism) canonical, in conformity with canon law.

(mathematics, linguistics) In canonical form.


firaun

From Malay firaun, borrowed from Arabic فرعون (firʕawn), possibly from Classical Syriac ܦܪܥܘܢ (perʿūn) and Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (parʿōh), ultimately from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ.


Habil

From Malay Habil, from Arabic هَابِيل (hābīl).


tustel

tustèl (canonical)
tustel-tustel (plural)


wilapa

From Sanskrit विलाप (vilāpa, “lamentation”).


efek

From Dutch effect (“effect, negotiable instrument”), from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from efficiō (“accomplish, complete, effect”). Cognate of Afrikaans effek.

der

(finance) A tradeable financial asset, such as a share of stock; security

negotiable instrument
negotiable instrument

(economics, finance) negotiable instrument


burgerlijk wetboek

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch Burgerlijk Wetboek (“civil code”).


diakones

diakonês (canonical)
diakones-diakones (plural)

From Dutch diacones, from French diaconesse, ultimately from Latin diaconissa.

(Christianity, Protestantism) female deacon, with duties of helping the priests and carrying out parish work.


CBSA

(education) Initialism of cara belajar siswa aktif.


akar rumput

Compound of akar (“root(s)”) + rumput (“grass”), calque of English grass roots.

(figurative, politics) grass roots: of, or relating to people or society at the local level, particularly in politics, social movements, etc.


aktivis

(politics) activist, one who is politically active in the role of a citizen; especially, one who campaigns for change.


autokrasi

By surface analysis, auto- + -krasi, from Dutch autocratie, from Byzantine Greek αὐτοκρατία (autokratía, “A system of government by one person with absolute power”).


akta mengajar

id-noun

akta mengajar (plural akta-akta mengajar)

Compound of akta (“certificate”) + mengajar (“teaching”), calque of Dutch akte van bekwaamheid (literally “certificate of competence”).

calque

(education) teaching certificate; teaching qualification.


aliah

From Arabic علية (ʕaliyya, “high, tall”).

(Islam, education) Islamic modern senior high school (US) or upper secondary school (UK).


asesmen

asèsmên (canonical)
asesmen-asesmen (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(education) the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning

(healthcare, medicine, psychiatry, psychology) identifies needs of the patient or client and how those needs will be addressed.


lokalisasi

Borrowed from Dutch lokalisatie. By surface analysis, lokal + -isasi.

(translation studies, chiefly software, marketing) the act, process, or result of adapting translated text to fit a local culture; domestication


lokalisasi

head

lokalisasi (active melokalisasi, passive dilokalisasi, perfective passive terlokalisasi)

melokalisasi (active)
dilokalisasi (passive)
terlokalisasi (passive perfective)

software engineering
software engineering

(software engineering, marketing, transitive) to adapt (a product or service) for use in a particular country or region, typically by translating text into the language of that country and modifying currencies, date formats, etc

(translation studies, chiefly software) to adapt translated text to fit a local culture; to domesticate


sarjana

From Sanskrit सज्जन (sajjana, “gentleman, virtuous man”). Compare to Javanese ꦱꦂꦗꦤ (sarjana, “scholar”) and Old Javanese sajjana (“scholar”). The change of cluster ⟨rj⟩ from ⟨jj⟩ probably reflect hypercorrection, see conversion between Sanskrit and Pali forms.
* Sense of bachelor and baccalaureate is a semantic loan from Dutch baccalaureus (“bachelor”). Compare to Chinese 學士／学士 (xuéshì, “bachelor”, literally “scholar; literati”).

zh-l

(education) bachelor's degree, baccalaureate: the first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges.

(education) graduate with bachelor's degree


sarjana muda

id-noun

sarjana muda (plural sarjana-sarjana muda)

Compound of sarjana (“bachelor”) + muda (“young, junior”)

compound

(education) associate's degree: an academic degree awarded after the equivalent of approximately two years of college education, usually by community colleges.


pascasarjana

Compound of pasca- (“after”) + sarjana (“bachelor's degree”), from calque of English postgraduate.


kumbara

From Ottoman Turkish خمبره (kumbara), from Classical Persian خمباره (xumbāra, “an earthenware box, a small jar; a bombshell”).


parlemen

parlêmèn (canonical)
parlemen-parlemen (plural)

→ Tetum: parlamén

From Dutch parlement, from Middle Dutch parlement, from Old French parlement.


sekolah ambah

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + ambah (“masonry”), partial calque of Dutch ambachtsschool.

(education, historical) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK) level vocational school.


edukasi

èdukasi (canonical)
edukasi-edukasi (plural)

From Dutch educatie (“education”). Cognate to Tagalog edukasyon, Tok Pisin edukesen, and Malay edukesyen.


sekolah rendah

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + rendah (“low”), from Malay sekolah rendah, from Dutch lagere school.


oktroi

From Dutch octrooi (“patent”), from Middle Dutch octroy, possibly from Latin auctōrō, auctor. Compare to French octroi (“grant; concession”).


taman kanak-kanak

id-noun

taman kanak-kanak (plural taman-taman kanak-kanak)

Compound of taman + kanak-kanak, from calque of German Kindergarten (“kindergarten”, literally “garden of children”).


madrasah ibtidaiah

id-noun

madrasah ibtidaiah (plural madrasah-madrasah ibtidaiah)

From madrasah + ibtidaiah, from Arabic اَلْمَدْرَسَة اَلاِبْتِدَائِيَّة (al-madrasa(t) al-ibtidāʔiyya) as اِبْتِدَائِيَّة (ibtidāʔiyya, “primary, elementary”) + مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).

der

اَلْمَدْرَسَة اَلاِبْتِدَائِيَّة

compound

اِبْتِدَائِيَّة

(Islam, education) elementary school (US), primary school (UK)


bagian

From Malay bagian, a variant of the standard bahagian. Equivalent to bagi + -an.
* The sense “duty” is a semantic loan from English part.
* The sense “subdivision” is a semantic loan from Dutch sectie.
* The sense “fate” is a semantic loan from Arabic نَصِيب (naṣīb, “destiny”, literally “portion”).
The superseded spelling bahagian was used as translation of Japanese 部(ぶ) (bu, “department”) during the Japanese occupation.

semantic loan

(music) The melody played or sung by a particular instrument, voice, or group of instruments or voices, within a polyphonic piece.


bank sentral

Compound of bank + sentral (“central”), calque of Dutch centrale bank (“central bank”).


nakhoda

From Malay nakhoda (“captain”), from Persian ناخدا (nâxodâ).

(nautical, military) shipmaster, captain


celengan

cèlèngan (canonical)
celengan-celengan (plural)

[t͡ʃɛˈlɛŋan]

Affixed celeng (“wild boar, pig”) + -an (“similar to”), from Javanese ꦕꦺꦭꦺꦔꦤ꧀ (cèlèngan).

suf

piggy bank: A small container, sometimes in the form of a pig, to store small saved coins in. Often the "bank" must be broken open to retrieve the contents.


klausul

From Dutch clausule (“clause”), from Middle Dutch clausule, from Latin clausula. Compare to Afrikaans klousule.

(law) clause: an individually designated provision in a contract, regulation or statute.


PPK

(government) Initialism of program pengembangan kecamatan.

pejabat pembuat komitmen
pejabat pembuat komitmen#Indonesian

(business, government, management) Initialism of pejabat pembuat komitmen.

panitia pemilihan kecamatan
panitia pemilihan kecamatan#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of panitia pemilihan kecamatan.

(education) Initialism of penguatan pendidikan karakter.

pusat pelayanan kawasan
pusat pelayanan kawasan#Indonesian

(government) Initialism of pusat pelayanan kawasan.

pejabat pembina kepegawaian
pejabat pembina kepegawaian#Indonesian

(government, management) Initialism of pejabat pembina kepegawaian.


kosakata

Calque of Dutch woordenschat (“vocabulary”, literally “word treasure”) as kosa + kata (“word”). The word kosa is from Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, treasury, store”).

der

...kosakata Indonesia tjukuplah orang membandingkan ,,Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia„ tahun 1952 buatan W. J. S. Poerwadarminta dengan sebuah kamus buatan sebelum perang (misalnja kamus Klinkert atau Van Ronkel).

1957, Tardjan Hadidjaja, Asas-asas pendidikan bahasa ibu bagi anak Djawa, Ganaco:


kitab suci

From kitab (“book, scripture”) + suci (“holy, sacred”).

compound

(religion) holy book, sacred writing, scripture.


kitab undang-undang hukum pidana

id-noun

kitab undang-undang hukum pidana (plural kitab-kitab undang-undang hukum pidana)

kitab-kitab undang-undang hukum pidana (plural)

Compound of kitab (“book”) + undang-undang (“law, act”) + hukum (“law”) + pidana (“criminal, penal”), calque of Dutch wetboek van strafrecht (“criminal code”, literally “lawbook of criminal law”).

calque

(law) criminal code, penal code (Indonesia).


syahadat

From Malay syahadat,
from Classical Malay syahadat, from Arabic شَهَادَات (šahādāt).

der

Arabic شَهَادَات (šahādāt)

Syahadat Rasul

(Islam) shahada, the basic Islamic creed.

creed.
shahada, the basic Islamic creed.

Syahadat Para Rasul

Syahadat Nikea Konstantinopel

creed.
(Catholicism) the liturgical creed


bujet

Probably via Dutch budget, ultimately from English budget, from Middle English bogett, bouget, bowgette (“leather pouch”), from Old French bougette, the diminutive of bouge (“leather bag, wallet”).

(Standard Malay)


mancanegara

mancanêgara (canonical)
mancanegara-mancanegara (plural)

Affixed manca- + negara, from Javanese ꦩꦚ꧀ꦕꦤꦒꦫ (mancanagara, “outer provinces; overseas”), from Old Javanese mañcanagara, from Sanskrit मञ्च (mañca, “throne”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).


Orde Baru

(historical, Indonesian politics) New Order, the political regime in Indonesia under Suharto


inventaris

Borrowed from Dutch inventaris (“inventory”), from Late Latin inventārium, from Latin inveniō (“to find out”).

bor+

(business, management) The stock of an item on hand at a particular location or business.

(business, management) A detailed list of all of the items on hand.


rumah tahanan

id-noun

rumah tahanan (plural rumah-rumah tahanan)

Compound of rumah (“house”) + tahanan (“prison, inmate”), calque of Dutch gevangenhuis (“prison”). Compare with Japanese 牢屋 (“prison”, literally “prison house”) or 獄屋 (“prison”, literally “prison house”).

noncog

Roemah sakit jang lama di Semarang bakal dirombak djadi roemah tahanan orang gila.

(law) detention center or centre; prison.


perwira

pêrwira (canonical)
perwira-perwira (plural)

From Malay perwira, from Malay perwira (“hero; brave”), from Sanskrit प्रवीर (pravīra). Doublet of prawira.


opsir

From Dutch officier, from Middle Dutch officier (“official”), from Old French officier, from Latin officiārius.


sutradara

From Sanskrit सूत्रधार (sūtradhāra, literally “thread-holder”).


buku harian

Compound of buku (“book”) + harian (“daily”), partial calque of Dutch dagboek (“diary”, literally “day book”).

partial calque

Dalam proses akuntansinya juga sama, yaitu dimulai dari analisis dokumen, kemudian pencatatan dalam buku harian, klasifikasi dan peringkasan lewat buku besar dan buku tambahan; kemudian diakhiri dengan penyusunan laporan keuangan.

2020, Buku Govermental Accounting (Akuntansi Pemerintahan), Deepublish, →ISBN, page 21:

The accounting process is the same, starting with document analysis, then recording in a journal, classification and summarisation through ledgers and supplementary books; then ending with the preparation of financial statements.

(accounting) a chronological record of payments or receipts.


praja

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦗ (praja, “kingdom, realm; court; capital city”), from Old Javanese prajā (“all subjects, country, realms”), from Sanskrit प्रजा (prajā, “subject of a king, rule”).


swapraja

From swa- (“self”) + praja (“city, town”, literally “realm; court”), calque of Dutch zelfbestuur. First attested in the Federal Constitution of 1949.

prefix

(historical, government) autonomous area.


duta besar

Compound of duta (“representative”) + besar (“great”).


kumba

From Sanskrit कुम्भ (kumbha, “jar, pitcher”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kʰumbʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰumbʰás. Doublet of kom.

(astrology, astronomy) The sign of the zodiac Aquarius.


birama

From Sanskrit विराम (virāma, “termination, stop”).

der

A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.

(music) bar.
One of those musical sections.


wiwaha

From Balinese ᬯᬶᬯᬵᬳ (wiwaha), from Old Javanese wiwāha, from Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha).

(Hinduism) Synonym of pernikahan (“marriage, wedding”)


UAS

ulangan akhir semester
ulangan akhir semester#Indonesian

(education) initialism of ulangan akhir semester.

ujian akhir semester
ujian akhir semester#Indonesian

(education) initialism of ujian akhir semester (“semester final examination”).


Airawata

(Hinduism) Airavata, the name of the mythological white elephant, mount of Indra.


indraloka

From Sanskrit इन्द्रलोक (indraloka, “svarga, paradise”, literally “world of Indra”), from इन्द्र (indra) + लोक (loka).


pesantian

pêsantian (canonical)
pesantian-pesantian (plural)

Circumfixed santi + peng- -an, from Sanskrit शान्ति (śānti, “peace, tranquility, quiet, ease”).

(Hinduism) nonformal learning institution.


Syiwa

From Sanskrit शिव (śivá, “the auspicious one”).


sekulir

From Dutch seculier (“secular”), from French séculaire, from Latin saecularis (“of the age”), from saeculum. Doublet of sekuler.

(Catholicism) secular, a secular ecclesiastic, or one not bound by monastic rules.


katekumen

katêkumên (canonical)
katekumen-katekumen (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch catechumeen or Ecclesiastical Latin catēchūmenus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κατηχούμενος (katēkhoúmenos, “being instructed”), present participle passive of κατηχέω (katēkhéō, “sound through, instruct orally, catechise”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”).

κατηχούμενος


komuni

From Dutch communie (“communion”), from Middle Dutch communie, from Old French communion, from Ecclesiastical Latin commūniō (“communion”), from Latin commūnis.


monsinyur

From Dutch monseigneur, from French monseigneur.


rekoleksi

rékolèksi (canonical)
rekoleksi-rekoleksi (plural)

Affixed re- + koleksi, from Dutch recollectie, from French récollection or the verb recollect, both from Latin recollectus, the past participle of recolligere (“to collect again”), itself from re- + colligere (“to gather”).

(Catholicism) recollection, a spiritual retreat.


rekuiem

rékuiém (canonical)
rekuiem-rekuiem (plural)

From Dutch requiem, from the first word of the introit for the traditional requiem mass, an alternative accusative case of Latin requiēs (“rest, repose”), from re- (“again”) + quiēs (“rest, quiet”).

(Catholicism) requiem, mass to honor and remember a dead person.


sakramentalia

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentālia, from sacrāmentālis, from sacrāmentum, from Latin sacrō, from sacer.

bor+

(Roman Catholicism) sacramentals (objects or actions which spiritually aid their faithful users)


sakrilegi

sakrilégi (canonical)
sakrilegi-sakrilegi (plural)

From Dutch sacrilegie, from Old French sacrilege, from Latin sacrilegium, from sacrilegus (“sacrilegious”), from phrase sacrum legere, from sacrum (from sacer (“sacred, holy”)) + legō (“gather; take, steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- and *leǵ-.

(Catholicism) sacrilege: desecration, profanation, misuse or violation of something regarded as sacred..


vikaris

From Dutch vicaris, from Latin vicārius (“vicarious, substitute”).


adven

From Dutch advent, from Latin adventus (“arrival, approach”).

The first or the expected second coming of Christ.

The period or season of the Christian church year between Advent Sunday and Christmas.


Almasih

عِيسَى عيسى#Arabic

Isa, عِيسَى (ʕīsā).


atonemen

atonèmên (canonical)
atonemen-atonemen (plural)

(Christianity) atonement, the reconciliation of God and mankind through the death of Jesus..


denominasi

dénominasi (canonical)
denominasi-denominasi (plural)

From Dutch denominatie, from Latin dēnōminātiō.

(finance) a unit in a series of units of weight, money, etc.

(Christianity, Protestantism) a sect or religious subgroup.

denomination,
a sect or religious subgroup.


doksologi

From Medieval Latin doxologia, from Ancient Greek δοξολογία (doxología, “a praising”), from δοξολόγος (doxológos, “giving or uttering praise”), from δόξα (dóxa, “glory, honor, repute”), from δοκεῖν (dokeîn, “to think, expect”).


haleluya

From Dutch halleluja, haleloeja, from Biblical Hebrew הַלְלוּיָהּ (hal'luyáh, “Praise Yah”).

(Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) hallelujah.


jemaat

jêmaat (canonical)
jemaat-jemaat (plural)

From Arabic جَمَاعَات (jamāʕāt), plural form of جَمَاعَة (jamāʕa, “congregation”). Doublet of jemaah.

Arabic جَمَاعَات (jamāʕāt)


katakomba

From Dutch catacombe, from French catacombe, from Late Latin catacumbas, name of the underground cemetery of St. Sebastian in Rome, dissimilation of cata- (“among”) + tumbas, from Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “under”) + τύμβος (túmbos, “swell”).


klasis

From Dutch classis, from Latin classis. Doublet of kelas.

(Protestantism) a supracongregational, regional executive body, intermediate in size or rank between the consistory of an individual congregation and a provincial synod.


kolekte

kolèktê (canonical)
kolekte-kolekte (plural)

From Dutch collecte, from French collecte, from Latin collecta.

(Christianity) offertory, a collection of alms from the congregation.


misionaris

From Dutch missionaris, from French missionnaire. The sense “missionary position” is a semantic loan from English missionary.

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) a person who travels attempting to spread a religion or a creed.


presbiterium

présbitérium (canonical)
presbiterium-presbiterium (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin presbyterium, from Ancient Greek πρεσβῠτέριον (presbŭtérion).

der

πρεσβῠτέριον


acala

Affixed a- + *cala, from Sanskrit अचल (acala, “immovable”, literally “mountain, rock”).


artefak

artêfak (canonical)
artefak-artefak (plural)

From Dutch artefact, from Latin arte (“by skill”) + factum (“thing made”).

compound

(anthropology) an object made or shaped by human hand or labor;

(anthropology) something viewed as a product of human agency or conception rather than an inherent element.

(archaeology) an object, such as a tool, ornament, or weapon of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation.

a finding or structure in an experiment or investigation that is not a true feature of the object under observation, but is a result of external action, the test arrangement, or an experimental error.

(computing) a perceptible distortion that appears in an audio or video file or a digital image as a result of applying a lossy compression or other inexact processing algorithm.


ekskavasi

èkskavasi (canonical)
ekskavasi-ekskavasi (plural)

From Dutch excavatie, from Latin excavātiō (“a hollowing out”).


prasasti

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (prasasti, “ancient inscription”), from Old Javanese praśasti (“charter, edict, inscription”), from Sanskrit प्रशस्ति (praśasti, “eulogistic inscription”).

der

(archaeology) stele, tall, slender stone monument.


namaskara

From Sanskrit नमस्कार (namaskāra, “respectful greeting”), a compound of नमस् (namas, “bow, obeisance”) + कार (kāra, “action”).

compound

(archaeology) position in which one puts one's hands together and bows slightly as greeting.


osuari

From English ossuary, from Late Latin ossuārium (“charnel house”), from ossuārius (“of or for bones”), from compound of Latin os (“bone”) + adjectival suffix -ārius (“of, related to”).


munas

Blend of musyawarah (“conference”, literally “consultation; deliberation”) + nasional (“national”)


entablatur

éntablatur (canonical)
entablatur-entablatur (plural)

From English entablature, from Italian intavolatura, as compound of in + tavola (“table”).


termae

tèrmaé (canonical)
termae-termae (plural)

From Latin thermae, therma, from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-.


Kanser

From Latin cancer (“crab”). Doublet of kanker.

(astronomy) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a crab.

(astrology) The zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22 – July 22 (tropical astrology) or July 16 – August 15 (sidereal astrology).


musikus

Borrowed from Dutch musicus (“musician”), from Latin mūsicus, from Latin mūsicus, from Ancient Greek μουσικός (mousikós). Doublet of musisi.


musisi

From Dutch musici (“musicians”), the plural of musicus (“musician”), from Latin mūsicus, from Ancient Greek μουσικός (mousikós). Doublet of musikus.


kecemasan

kêcêmasan (canonical)
kecemasan-kecemasan (plural)

(Standard Malay)

(psychology, psychiatry) a state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.


kelasi

kêlasi (canonical)
kelasi-kelasi (plural)

Inherited from Malay kelasi, from Classical Malay kelasi (“sailor”), from Classical Persian خلاصی (xalāsī, “sailor”). Cognate of English khalasi.

der

(Indonesia) lowest rank group in the Navy, below corporal (kopral), consist of three levels: seaman recruit (kelasi dua), seaman apprentice (kelasi satu) and seaman (kelasi kepala)

a person of the lowest rank in the British Navy, below able seaman.

petty officer third class
petty officer third class

an enlisted rate in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard, ranking below petty officer third class and above seaman apprentice.

(military) seaman
a person of the lowest rank in the Navy


langgar

From Malay langgar, from Classical Persian لنگر (langar, “the house or monastery of the Calendars or Muhammadan monks”, literally “anchor”),
* from Ancient Greek ἄγκῡρα (ánkūra), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk- (“corner, hirn”).
* form Iranian, from Indo-Iranian. Cognate to Sanskrit लङ्गल (laṅgala, “anchor”).


tajuk

(Islam) surau: a small mosque or other Islamic assembly building in parts of Sumatra and the Malay peninsula.


kolokium

Learned borrowing from Latin colloquium.


pecahan

pêcahan (canonical)
pecahan-pecahan (plural)

Affixed pecah + -an, from Malay pecahan. The sense of fraction is a semantic loan from Dutch breuk (“fraction”, literally “fracture, break”).

sl

(finance) denomination: a unit in a series of money.


novasi

Borrowed from Dutch novatie (“novation”), from Latin novātiō (“a renewing, rennovation”), from novō, from novus (“new”).

der

replacement of a contract with one or more new contracts, in particular in financial markets the replacement of a contract between a particular buyer and seller with contracts between the clearing house and each party.

a new contract between the original contracting parties whereby the first obligation is extinguished and a new obligation is substituted.


dalil

From Arabic دَلِيل (dalīl, “sign, indication, proof, demonstration, evidence, argument”).

(mathematics) theorem (proved mathematical statement)


saham

From Arabic سَهْم (sahm, “share (of stock)”).

(finance, trading) stock, the capital raised by a company through the issue of shares.


hukuman mati

id-noun

hukuman mati (plural hukuman-hukuman mati)

(law) capital punishment, death sentence


watak

(literature) character: a literary description of a character type


fasad

From French façade, from Italian facciata, a derivation of faccia (“front”), from Latin facies (“face”). Doublet of fasade.

(architecture, real estate) facade, the face of a building, especially the front view or elevation.


partai

From Malay partai, from Dutch partij, from Middle Dutch partie, from Old French partie, from Medieval Latin partīta (“a part, party”), from Latin partīta, feminine of partītus, past participle of partīrī (“to divide”); see part.

der

(politics) a group of people on a shared goal and mission; political party.


instansi

Affixed instan + -si, from Dutch instantie, from Middle French instance, from Latin instantia (“a being near, presence, also perseverance, earnestness, importunity, urgency”), from instans (“urgent”). Doublet of instan.

(government, politics) authority, agency, bureau


inkrah

From Dutch in + kracht (“force”), a shortening of phrase inkracht van gewijsde.

(law) in force, final and binding, with prejudice.


eksekusi

Borrowed from Dutch executie, from Middle Dutch executie, from Old French execution, from Latin exsecutio, an agent noun from exequi (“to follow out”), from out + sequor (“follow”).

(law) the carrying into effect of a court judgment, or of a will.

the act of putting to death or being put to death as a penalty, or actions so associated.

specifically, the seizure of a debtor's goods or property in default of payment.

(business, law) the formal process by which a contract is made valid and put into binding effect.


angket

angkèt (canonical)
angket-angket (plural)

From Dutch enquête, from French enquête, from Vulgar Latin *inquaesita < inquaerere, from Latin quaerere. Doublet of inkues.

(law, politics) inquest, investigation, examination.


perubahan

(law) amendment: an addition to and/or alteration to legislation.


faktur

From Dutch factuur (“invoice”), from Latin factūra. Doublet of fitur.

Faktur Pajak Elektronik


diskonto

From Dutch disconto, from Italian disconto, from Medieval Latin discomputō (“I deduct, discount”). Doublet of diskon.


konsinyasi

From Dutch consignatie, from French consignation, from Latin cōnsignātiō (“written proof, document”).

(trading) consignation, consignment: sending goods to the agent for the purpose of sale with the ownership of these goods remains with the sender.


neraca

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाराच (nārāca, “metre”).

bor+

(accounting, trading) A list accounting for the debits on one side, and for the credits on the other.

(trading) The overall result of conflicting forces, opinions etc.; the influence which ultimately "weighs" more than others.


sekuritas

sêkuritas (canonical)
sekuritas-sekuritas (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin sēcūritās, from Latin sēcūrus (“safe, secure”). Semantic loan from English security. Doublet of sekuriti.

(trading) proof of ownership of stocks, bonds or other investment instruments.

(economics) a tradeable financial asset, such as a share of stock.


opsi

→ Tetum: opsi

From Dutch optie, from French option, from Latin optiō (“choice; option; act of choosing”), from optō (“I choose, select”). Cognate to Afrikaans opsie.

der

(finance) a contract giving the holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a set strike price; can apply to financial market transactions, or to ordinary transactions for tangible assets such as a residence or automobile.


berhala

bêrhala (canonical)
berhala-berhala (plural)

From Malay berhala, from Classical Malay berhala, from Old Javanese bharāla, from Sanskrit भट्टार (bhaṭṭāra). Doublet of batara.

(religion) idol (representation of anything revered)


pesantren

pêsantrèn (canonical)
pesantren-pesantren (plural)

Reconstructed as santri + peng- -an, from Javanese ꦥꦼꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀꧈ ꦥꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ (pesantrén, pasantrén).

bor

ꦥꦼꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀꧈ ꦥꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀

pondok pesantren
pondok pesantren#Indonesian

(Islam) ellipsis of pondok pesantren.: an Islamic boarding school, primarily teaching Islam and the Qur'an,


sekularisme

Affixed sekuler + -isme, from Dutch secularisme.


dekonsentrasi

dékonsèntrasi (canonical)
dekonsentrasi-dekonsentrasi (plural)

Affixed de- + konsentrasi, from Dutch deconcentratie, from French déconcentration.

(government) administrative delegation from central government to lower administration level.


intelijen

intêlijèn (canonical)
intelijen-intelijen (plural)

From English intelligence, from Old French intelligence, from Latin intelligentia. Doublet of inteligen.

(government, military, politics) intelligence, a department, agency or unit designed to gather such information.


inteligensi

intêligènsi (canonical)
inteligensi-inteligensi (plural)

From Dutch intelligentie, from Old French intelligence, from Latin intelligentia. Doublet of intelijen and inteligensia.

(psychology) intelligence, capacity of mind.


elektorat

èlèktorat (canonical)
elektorat-elektorat (plural)

From Dutch electoraat, from French électorat, from Latin ēlēctoratus.

(government, politics) electorate, the collective people of a country, state, or electoral district who are entitled to vote.


legasi

lègasi (canonical)
legasi-legasi (plural)

From Dutch legatie (“legation”), from Middle French légation, from Latin lēgātiō.

(government, politics) legation (diplomatic mission)


federasi

fèdêrasi (canonical)
federasi-federasi (plural)

→ Malay: federasi

Borrowed from Dutch federatie (“federation”). Cognate to Afrikaans federasie.

bor+

(government, politics) federacy: a form of government where one or several substate units enjoy considerably more independence than the majority.

(government, politics) array of nations or states that are unified under one central authority which is elected by its members.


persekutuan

pêrsêkutuan (canonical)
persekutuan-persekutuan (plural)

From Malay persekutuan, equivalent to sekutu + per- -an.
* The sense “partnership” is a semantic loan from Dutch vennootschap (“partnership, company”).
* The sense “fellowship” is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek κοινωνία (koinōnía, “community, communion”).

semantic loan

(Christianity, only in compounds) communion


inspeksi

inspèksi (canonical)
inspeksi-inspeksi (plural)

From Dutch inspectie, from Middle French inspection, from Latin inspectiō.

(military) inspection, the act of examining something, often closely.

(law enforcement) inspectorate, the jurisdiction of an inspector.


inspektur

inspèktur (canonical)
inspektur-inspektur (plural)

From Dutch inspecteur, from French inspecteur. Compare Standard Malay inspéktor.

(law enforcement) a police officer ranking.


kondominium

From Dutch condominium, from Latin condominium.

(government, politics) joint sovereignty over a territory by two or more countries; a region or territory under such rule.

(sociology, in extension) shared ownership.


sauvinisme

From Dutch chauvinisme, from French chauvinisme (“idealistic devotion to Napoleon”), named for Nicolas Chauvin, a legendary and excessively patriotic soldier of the French First Republic. Reconstructed as sauvinis + -isme.


astana

From Malay astana from Sanskrit आस्थान (āsthāna). Doublet of istana.


eksaminasi

èksaminasi (canonical)
eksaminasi-eksaminasi (plural)

From Dutch examinatie, from Latin exāminātiō.

examination,
(law) examination, interrogation.

(linguistics) examination of authenticity.

examination,
examination of authenticity.


eksepsi

èksèpsi (canonical)
eksepsi-eksepsi (plural)

From Dutch exceptie, from Old French excepcion, from Latin exceptiō.

(law) an objection, on legal grounds; also, as in conveyancing, a clause by which the grantor excepts or reserves something before the right is transferred.


RB

(government) Initialism of reformasi birokrasi (“bureaucratic reform”).


pakpui

From Hokkien 卜杯 (pok poe, literally “to divine moon blocks”), from 卜 (pok, “to divine”) + 杯 (poe, “moon blocks”).

com

(Chinese folk religion, Taoism) divination

Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Chinese folk religion; Taoism


katapel

katapèl (canonical)
katapel-katapel (plural)

From Dutch katapult, from Middle French catapulte, from Latin catapulta, from Ancient Greek καταπέλτης (katapéltēs).


karantina wilayah

karantina (“quarantine”) + wilayah (“territory”).


pengajian

pêngajian (canonical)
pengajian-pengajian (plural)

Regular derivation as kaji + peng- -an, inherited from Malay pengajian. Doublet of pengkajian.


sekolah lanjutan

id-noun

sekolah lanjutan (plural sekolah-sekolah lanjutan)

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + lanjutan (“advanced, continuation”), from calque from Dutch of school voor voortgezet onderwijs: school (“school”) + voor (“for”) + voortgezet onderwijs (“secondary education”, literally “continuing education”), or meer uitgebreid lager onderwijs (MULO): meer (“more”) + uitgebreid (“extensive”) + lager (“low”) + onderwijs (“school”). Replaced by sekolah menengah.

compound

(education, dated) high school (US), secondary school (UK)

nl:meer uitgebreid lager onderwijs
nl:school voor voortgezet onderwijs


sekolah menengah tinggi

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + tinggi (“high”), calque from Japanese 高等中学校(こうとうちゅうがっこう) (kōtōchūgakkō, literally “higher secondary (middle) school”). The post-war Japanese term is 高等学校(こうとうがっこう) (kōtōgakkō).

ja-r

高等学校(こうとうがっこう) (kōtōgakkō)

Hampir semua tipe dari sekolah umum dan kejuruan level menengah atas disatukan dan dinamai ulang menjadi Sekolah Menengah Tinggi (SMT, dalam bahasa lndonesia) atau Kotto Chu Gakko (dalam bahasa Jepang). ― Almost all upper secondary education institution were merged and renamed as higher secondary school or 高等中學校.

(education, historical) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK), abbreviated SMT.


garnisun

From Dutch garnizoen, from Old French garison, guarison, from Frankish [Term?], ultimately of Germanic origin.

(military) garrison,
a permanent military post.

(military) garrison,
the troops stationed at such a post.


detasemen

détasêmèn (canonical)
detasemen-detasemen (plural)

dé‧ta‧sê‧mèn

From Dutch detachment, from French détachement.

(military) detachment, the unit so dispatched from the main body for a particular purpose or special mission.


emplasemen

èmplasêmèn (canonical)
emplasemen-emplasemen (plural)

From Dutch emplacement, from French emplacement (“site, location”).

emplacement, a place where a thing is located.

(military) a place where artillery is located


eselon

èsêlon (canonical)
eselon-eselon (plural)

From Dutch echelon, from French échelon (“rung; echelon”), échelle, from Old French eschale, from Latin scāla. Doublet of skala.

(management) a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society.

(military) a formation of troops, ships, etc., in diagonal parallel rows.


adiksi

From Dutch addictie, from Latin addictiō.

(medicine, psychology) addiction, a state that is characterized by compulsive drug use or compulsive engagement in rewarding behavior, despite negative consequences.


syok

From Dutch shock, from English shock, from Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”).

der

(psychology) a sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.


mazbah

From Malay mazbah, from Arabic مَذْبَح (maḏbaḥ).

altar (flat-topped structure used for religious rites)


diplomasi

From Dutch diplomatie, from French diplomatie.

(government, politics) the art and practice of conducting international relations by negotiating alliances, treaties, agreements etc., bilaterally or multilaterally, between states and sometimes international organisms, or even between polities with varying status, such as those of monarchs and their princely vassals.


nisbah

Inherited from Malay nisbah, from Classical Malay nisbah, from Arabic نِسْبَة (nisba). The sense in Arabic grammar and Islamic finance are semantic borrowings from the same Arabic word.

(Arabic grammar) nisba: a common suffix to form adjectives of relation or pertinence.


anjung

(architecture) mezzanine (intermediate floor or storey in between the main floors of a building)


kliring

(banking, finance) clearing, a process of exchanging transaction information and authorisation through a central institution or system to complete and settle those transactions.


adjektif

From Dutch adjectief, from Middle French adjectif, from Latin adiectīvus.

(linguistics, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


awatara

Borrowed from Balinese ᬅᬯᬢᬵᬭ (awatara), from Old Javanese awatāra, from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”). Doublet of avatar.

(Hinduism) avatar (the incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu)


amalaka

From Sanskrit आमलक (āmalaka, “emblic, Indian gooseberry”).

(archaeology) amalaka: a segmented or notched stone disk, usually with ridges on the rim, that sits on the top of a Hindu temple's shikhara or main tower.


anugrahamurti

From Sanskrit अनुग्रहमूर्ति (anugrahamūrti) (अनुग्रह (anugraha) + मूर्ति (mūrti)).

अनुग्रहमूर्ति

(archaeology) boon-conferring aspects of Shiva.


arupadatu

From Sanskrit आरूपधातु (ārūpadhātu, “formless realm”) (आ (ā) + रूप (rūpa) + धातु (dhātu).


fanservis

Compound of fan + servis, from English fanservice, from Japanese ファンサービス (fansābisu), from English fan + service.

(chiefly ACG) The inclusion in a work of fiction of material, especially of a racy or sexual nature, which may or may not have relevance to the storyline and is designed merely to excite the viewer.

(idol fandom) Special interactions from idols to their fans.


netral

From Dutch neutral, from late Middle Dutch neutrael, from Middle French neutral, from Old French neutral, from Latin neutrālis, itself from neuter (“neither”).

(linguistics) neuter, neither masculin nor feminine.


konvensi

konvènsi (canonical)
konvensi-konvensi (plural)

From earlier konpensi, from Dutch conventie. Cognate to Afrikaans konvensie.

Konvensi itu dapat berbentuk bilateral dan multilateral.

The convention can be bilateral and multilateral.

(international law) a treaty or supplement to such.

convention,
a treaty or supplement to such.


klise

From Dutch cliché, from French cliché, past participle of clicher (“to stereotype, (originally) to copy”, literally “to click, clink”), from Middle French clicher, from Old French cliquer (“to click, clack, sound, resound”), of Germanic origin.

(printing) a stereotype (printing plate).


iuran

From Malay yuran, iuran, from Classical Malay يورن (yuran), ااورن (iuran).

Pemerintah naikkan iuran kesehatan.


perbal

pêrbal (canonical)
perbal-perbal (plural)

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verbālis. Doublet of verbal.

(colloquial, law) complaint, law enforcement account or report


ordonansi

From Dutch ordonnantie, from French ordonnance, from Medieval Latin ordinantia, from ordinans.


syahid

From Malay syahid, from Classical Malay syahid, from Arabic شَهِيد (šahīd, “witness, martyr”).


konstruksi

From Dutch constructie, from Middle Dutch constructie, from Old French construction, from Latin cōnstructiō, from cōnstruere (present active infinitive of cōnstruō) + tiō.

(art) A (usually non-representational) structure, such as a collage etc

(grammar) A group of words arranged to form a meaningful phrase.


konstruksi

head

konstruksi (active mengonstruksi, passive dikonstruksi, perfective passive terkonstruksi)

mengonstruksi (active)
dikonstruksi (passive)
terkonstruksi (passive perfective)

(grammar) To build (a sentence, an argument, etc.) by arranging words or ideas.


komisaris

desc

→ Hokkien: 公勃些里 (kong-pu̍t-sia-lí), 公勃卅里 (kong-pu̍t-sa̍p-lí)

From Dutch commissaris, from Middle Dutch commissarijs, from Medieval Latin commissārius. Doublet of komisar and komisioner.

(government) an official in charge of a government department, especially a police force.

(politics) commissar, an official of a political party.


kolone

kolonê (canonical)
kolone-kolone (plural)

From Dutch colonne, from French colonne, from Old French colonne, columne, from Latin columna. Doublet of kolom.

(military) column: a body of troops or army vehicles, usually strung out along a road.


interpelasi

intêrpèlasi (canonical)
interpelasi-interpelasi (plural)

Affixed inter- + *pelasi, from Dutch interpellatie, from Middle French interpellation, from Latin interpellatio.

(government, politics) interpellation, the act of interpellating (questioning); the period in which government officials are questioned about and explain an act, a policy or a point raised during a debate.


pelanggaran

Affixed langgar + per- -an, the sense in law is a semantic loan from Dutch overtreding.


kelompok

kêlompok (canonical)
kelompok-kelompok (plural)

From Malay kelompok, from Classical Malay kelompok.

(anthropology, politics) a number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.


geripir

From Dutch griffier, from French greffier, from Medieval Latin graphiārius (“scribe, secretary”), from graphium (“stylus”).

der

(law) registrar (official keeper of records)


resimen

résimèn (canonical)
resimen-resimen (plural)

From Dutch regiment, from Middle French regement, régiment, and its source, Late Latin regimentum (“direction for government; course of medical treatment”), from Latin regō, regere (“rule”).


reserse

From Dutch recherche (“criminal investigation”), from French recherche (“research”). Doublet of riset (“research”).

bor

(direktorat reserse

(law enforcement) criminal investigation police


repetisi

repetisi (canonical)
répêtisi (canonical)

From Dutch repetitie, from French répétition.


permen

peraturan menteri
peraturan menteri#Indonesian

(law, government) acronym of peraturan menteri (“ministerial regulation”).


wedana

From Javanese ꦮꦼꦢꦤ (wedana), ꦮꦢꦤ (wadana), from Old Javanese wadana (“face; chief, head”), from Sanskrit वदन (vadana, “mouth, face”).


pratama

From Javanese ꦥꦿꦠꦩ (pratama, “best”), from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá, “first, primary, original”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pratʰamás (“first, foremost”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós (“foremost”). Doublet of pertama.


PTM

(education) initialism of pembelajaran tatap muka (“face-to-face learning”).


tarikh

From Malay tarikh, from Arabic تَارِيخ (tārīḵ, “date, time”).


legislasi

From Dutch legislatie, from Late Latin lēgislātiō (“the giving of the law”).

(government, law, politics) legislation, lawmaking.


DKM

dewan kemakmuran masjid
dewan kemakmuran masjid#Indonesian

(Islam, Indonesia) Initialism of dewan kemakmuran masjid.


delinkuensi

From English delinquency, from Late Latin dēlinquentia, derived from Latin dēlinquēns, present participle of dēlinquō (“I transgress, err”).


defamasi

From English defamation and Dutch diffamatie, from Old French diffamacion (Modern French diffamation), from Latin diffāmātiō.

(law) defamation, the act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another.


derivatif

From Dutch derivatief, from Middle French dérivatif, from Latin dērīvātus, perfect passive participle of dērīvō (“I derive”).

(finance) A financial instrument whose value depends on the valuation of an underlying asset.

secondary legislation
secondary legislation#English

(law) secondary legislation, legislation enacted by a power derived from another legislation, such as one made by the executive branch within the boundaries fixed by an act of parliament.


derivatif

derivative,
(linguistics) derived from root word.


diktum

From Dutch dictum, from Latin dictum (“proverb, maxim”), from dictus (“having been said”), perfect passive participle of dico (“I say”).


dispensasi

From Dutch dispensatie, from Old French despensacion, from Latin dispensātiō.

(especially law) dispensation, the relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined.


domisili

From Dutch domicilie (“domicile”), from French domicile, from Latin domicilium.


ekspedisi

From Dutch expeditie, from Middle French expédition, and its source, Latin expeditio.

(military) a military journey; an enterprise against some enemy or into enemy territory.