eksploit

* From Dutch exploit (“receipt of (legal) document”), from Old French esploit (noun), esploitier (verb), from older expleit from Latin explicitus.
* Semantic loan from English exploit for the computing sense.

bor

(law) writ, a written order, issued by a court, ordering someone to do (or stop doing) something, especially attending court session.


inkues

From English inquest, from Middle English enquest, from Old French enqueste (Modern French enquête), from Vulgar Latin inquirere, or from Medieval Latin inquesta < in + quaesita. Doublet of angket.

(law) inquest a formal investigation, often held before a court, especially one into the cause of a death.


aplikasi

From Dutch applicatie, from Middle French application, from Latin applicātiō.

(Standard Malay)

(art) applique, a decorative design made by cutting pieces of material and applying them to the surface of another for decoration.


kasasi

From Dutch cassatie, from French cassation, from Latin cassō (“destroy, annul”).

(law) cassation, the abrogation of a law by a higher authority (court).


klien

From Dutch cliënt, from French client, from Latin cliēns.

(law) a person who employs or retains an attorney to represent him or her in any legal matter, or one who merely divulges confidential matters to an attorney while pursuing professional assistance without subsequently retaining the attorney.


kodifikasi

(law, linguistics, management) codification

the process of precisely formulating a statement, such as a code of laws.

the act or result of arranging something into a code; the act of setting down a body of knowledge in a systematic way.


vonis

(law) sentence, verdict, the decision or judgement of a court.


bahasa ibu

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + ibu (“mother”), calque of Dutch moedertaal.

(linguistics) mother tongue, native language, first language, the language one first learned; the language one grew up with.


bahasa buatan

bahasa (“language”) + buatan (“artificial”).

compound

constructed language
constructed language#English

(linguistics) constructed language, a human language that has been consciously devised by an individual or a small group, as opposed to having naturally evolved as part of a culture like a natural language.


bahasa gaul

bahasa (“language”) + gaul (“friendship, socialisation”).

language outside of conventional usage and in the informal register,

the specialized language of a social group, sometimes used to make what is said unintelligible to those not members of the group.


bahasa halus

bahasa (“language”) + halus (“refined”).


bahasa kasar

bahasa (“language”) + kasar (“crude, rude”).

(linguistics) offensive register, causing offense; arousing a visceral reaction of disgust, anger, or hatred.


bahasa klasik

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + klasik (“classical”), partial calque of Dutch klassieke talen (klassieke + talen).

com

(linguistics, literature) a classical language


bahasa kuno

(linguistics) ancient language, any language originating in times that may be referred to as ancient.


bahasa pasar

id-noun

bahasa pasar (plural bahasa-bahasa pasar)

From bahasa (“language”) + pasar (“market”).

(linguistics) trade language, vehicular language


bahasa resmi

bahasa (“language”) + resmi (“official”).

compound

official language
official language#English

(linguistics) official language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction, typically for government use.


bahasa asing

bahasa (“language”) + asing (“foreign”).

foreign language
foreign language#English

a language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place.

a language that is not one's native tongue.


bahasa dagang

id-noun

bahasa dagang (plural bahasa-bahasa dagang)

From bahasa (“language”) + dagang (“trade”).


bahasa mati

(linguistics) dead language, a language which no longer has any native speakers.


klaim

Borrowed from English claim, from Middle English claimen, from Old French clamer (“to call, name, send for”), from Latin clāmō, clāmāre (“to call, cry out”), from Proto-Italic *klāmāō, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”), which is imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(law) a legal demand for compensation or damages.


klaim

head

klaim (active mengeklaim, passive diklaim)

onomatopoeic

imitative

(law) to demand compensation or damages through the courts.


krisis

From Dutch crisis, from Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis).

crisis (unstable situation, especially one involving an impending abrupt change)


tantri

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (tantri), from Old Javanese tantri, from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra, “a class of works teaching magical and mystical formularies”). Compare to English tantra. Doublet of tentara and tenteram.

der

(literature) A prosaic fable from Pancatantra.


amplifikasi

From Dutch amplificatie, from Latin amplificātiō.

(linguistics) a translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.

(linguistics) a figure of speech that adds importance to increase its rhetorical effect.


overmacht

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch overmacht.


tahun buku

Compound of tahun (“year”) + buku (“book”), calque of Dutch boekjaar (“financial year, fiscal year”, literally “book year”).


subhanallah

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic سُبْحَانَ الله (subḥāna llāh).

ubor

سُبْحَانَ الله


tasbih

Inherited from Malay tasbih, from Classical Malay tasbih (“tasbih, misbaha”), from Arabic تَسْبِيح (tasbīḥ).


intonasi

From Dutch intonatie, from French intonation.

(music) the act of sounding the tones of the musical scale.

(linguistics) the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.


koordinasi

From Dutch coördinatie, from Middle French coordination, from Late Latin coordinationem (accusative of coordinatio), from Latin coordinare.

(linguistics) an equal joining together of two or more phrases or clauses, for example, using and, or, or but.


yudisium

From Dutch judicium, from Latin judicium, iudicium.

Hari pengumuman yudisium kelulusan dilaksanakan minggu depan.

Congregation announcement will be held on next week.

(education) congregation, a formal meeting of university governing body for graduation voting.


HGB

hak guna bangunan
hak guna bangunan#Indonesian

(real estate) Initialism of hak guna bangunan.


orkes

Borrowed from Dutch orkest (“orchestra”), from French orchestre, from Latin orchēstra, from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra). Doublet of orkestra.


komunis

From earlier kominis, from Dutch communist, from French communiste or German Kommunist.


kemampuan membayar

id-noun

kemampuan membayar (plural kemampuan-kemampuan membayar)

From kemampuan (“ability”) + membayar (“pay”). Calque of English ability to pay.


akselerasi

(education) the advancement of students at a rate that places them ahead of where they would be in the regular school curriculum.


pengganti

From Malay pengganti, equivalent to peng- + ganti. Calque of Dutch geendoseerde for endorsee sense.


angkur

From Dutch anker, from Middle Dutch anker, from Old Dutch *anker, from Latin anchora.

(architecture) anchor, a metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together.


klasikal

Pengajaran klasikal adalah pengajaran yang diberikan kepada sekelompok siswa bersama-sama.

In the class teaching is teaching given to a group of students together.


negara bagian

id-noun

nêgara bagian (plural negara-negara bagian)

nêgara bagian (canonical)
negara-negara bagian (plural)

Compound of negara (“state”) + bagian (“part”), calque of Dutch deelstaat (“state”, literally “part state”).

calque

Partai Liberal dan Partai Nasional memiliki aliansi dalam politik negara bagian dan federal.

Liberal Party and National Party have an alliance in state and federal politics.

(government) state: a political division of a federation retaining a degree of autonomy.


mengaben

From Balinese ngaben.
* From nga+beya+in
* From ngabu + -in. Equivalent to standard meng- + abu (“ash”) + -i or colloquial ng- + abu (“ash”) + -in.
* From ngapen. Equivalent to standard meng- + api + -i or colloquial ng- + api + -in.

To incinerate a dead body (as an alternative to burial); cremate.


bocor alus

Compound of bocor (“leak”) + halus (“fine, smooth”).

(colloquial, architecture) slow and minor leaking


pangkalan angkatan laut

id-noun

pangkalan angkatan laut (plural pangkalan-pangkalan angkatan laut)

pangkalan-pangkalan angkatan laut (plural)

From pangkalan (“base”) + angkatan laut (“naval”).


satuan tempur

id-noun

satuan tempur (plural satuan-satuan tempur)

From satuan (“unit”) + tempur (“combat, battle”). Calque of English combat force.


kendaraan tempur

id-noun

kendaraan tempur (plural kendaraan-kendaraan tempur)

From kendaraan (“vehicle”) + tempur (“combat”).


artileri medan

id-noun

artileri medan (plural artileri-artileri medan)

From artileri (“artillery”) + medan (“field”).


satuan tugas

id-noun

satuan tugas (plural satuan-satuan tugas)

Compound of satuan (“unit”) + tugas (“task”), from calque of English task force.

(business, government, military) task force


negara hukum

Compound of negara (“state”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch rechtsstaat (literally “law state”), from German Rechtsstaat coined by Carl Theodor Welcker in 1813.

clq

(government, law) rechtsstaat, a doctrine in continental European legal thinking, with emphasise what is just, in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by the law.


negara kota

Compound of negara (“state”) + kota (“city”), calque of Dutch stadstaat (“city state”).

(government) city state, a sovereign city, as in Ancient Greece, often part of a league of such cities.


Idul Fitri

From Arabic عِيد اَلْفِطْر (ʕīd al-fiṭr).

bor

عِيد اَلْفِطْر

Arabic عِيد اَلْفِطْر (ʕīd al-fiṭr)

(Islam) Eid al-Fitr; the religious celebration at the end of Ramadan


Idulfitri

عِيد اَلْفِطْر

Arabic عِيد اَلْفِطْر (ʕīd al-fiṭr)


wisudawan

From wisuda + -wan. Attested before 1967.


biarawan

From biara + -wan. Attested before 1953.


anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara

[aŋˈɡaran pəndaˈpatan ˈdan bəˈland͡ʒa nəˈɡara]

Compound of anggaran pendapatan dan belanja (“revenue and expenditure budget”) + negara (“state, country”).

compound

(finance, government) state budget, government budget. (Indonesia)

id:Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara


indikasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch indicatie.

(finance) an declared approximation of the price at which a traded security is likely to commence trading


bea materai

Compound of bea + materai, calque of Dutch zegelrecht. Replaced bea segel.


adibusana

Affixed adi- + busana, calque of French haute couture.

(neologism, fashion) haute couture, exclusive fashion, high fashion, high style


karang taruna

From karang + taruna, a calque from Japanese 青年団(せいねんだん) (seinendan).

(military) neighborhood youth association


tindak pidana

Compound of tindak + pidana, calque of Dutch strafbaar feit. Coined by Indonesian jurist Satochid Kartanegara.


pelanggaran pidana

From pelanggaran + pidana. Coined by Indonesian jurist Tirta Admadja.


perbuatan pidana

perbuatan + pidana. Coined by Indonesian jurist and professor Moeljatno.


peristiwa pidana

From peristiwa + pidana. Coined by Indonesian jurist Ernst Utrecht.


pengesahan kewajaran

(business) attestation: The process, performed by accountants or auditors, of providing independent opinion on published financial and other business information of a business, public agency, or other organization.


penanda

A semantic unit, something that conveys meaning or information (e.g. a word of written language); (linguistics, semiotics) a unit consisting of a signifier and a signified concept.

(linguistics) identifier: the sound of spoken word or string of letters on a page that a person recognizes as a sign; signifier.


kala kini

From kala + kini. Calque of English present tense.


kala akan datang

From kala + akan datang. Calque of English future tense.


reksa dana

Compound of reksa (“guardian”) + dana (“fund”), semantic loan from English mutual fund. Coined in Law No.8 of 1995 on Capital Market, which passed in 1995. The term was inspired by name PT Reksadana.


dana abadi

From dana (“fund”) + abadi (“eternal”), calque of English endowment fund.

sovereign wealth fund
sovereign wealth fund


hawalah

From Arabic حَوَالَة (ḥawāla, “transfer, trust”).

bor

(Islamic finance) hawala, a long-established informal system of money transfer from India and the Middle East, still in use by migrant workers.


kafalah

Borrowed from Arabic كَفَالَةٌ (kafālatun).


mudarib

Borrowed from Arabic مُضَارِب (muḍārib).


wakalah

Borrowed from Arabic وَكَالَة (wakāla, “proxy”).


wadiah

Borrowed from Arabic وَدِيعَة (wadīʕa, “deposit”).

(Islamic finance) deposit of funds or assets by a person with an Islamic bank


musyarakah

Borrowed from Arabic مُشَارَكَة (mušāraka, “sharing”).


mukayyad

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُقَيَّد (muqayyad).


ilmu saraf

Compound of ilmu + saraf, from Malay ilmu saraf, from Classical Malay ilmu saraf, from Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf).

der

عِلْم الصَّرْف

Arabic عِلْم الصَّرْف (ʕilm aṣ-ṣarf)

(linguistics) morphology: the study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).


S.Ag.

(historical) Abbreviation of Sarjana Agama.


S.I.P.

Abbreviation of Sarjana Ilmu Pemerintahan.

(historical) Abbreviation of Sarjana ilmu Politik.

(historical) Abbreviation of Sarjana Ilmu Perpustakaan.


kartu kredit

id-noun

kartu krédit (plural kartu-kartu kredit)

kartu krédit (canonical)
kartu-kartu kredit (plural)

From kartu (“card”) + kredit (“credit”). Calque of English credit card.


saksi mata

Compound of saksi + mata, from calque of Dutch ooggetuige.


putusan

(law) sentence, verdict, the decision or judgement of a court.


hukum adat

Compound of hukum (“law”) + adat (“custom”), calque of Dutch gewoonterecht (“customary law”) and Dutch adatrecht (literally “adat law”). The term adatrecht was systematically used for the first time by Christiaan Hurgronje, Dutch colonial advisor on Islamic policy, and subsequently by Van Vollenhoven, Dutch legal scholar.

clq

(law) customary law: a set of customs, practices and beliefs that are accepted as obligatory rules of conduct by indigenous peoples and local communities.


sidang

(law) short for persidangan (“trial: appearance at judicial court in order to be examined”)..


detektif

From Malay detektif, from English detective.

(law enforcement) a police officer who looks for evidence as part of solving a crime; an investigator.


rahib

From Malay rahib, from Arabic رَاهِب (rāhib).


mizan

From Malay mizan, from Arabic مِيزَان (mīzān).


fasisme

Affixed fasis + -isme, borrowed from Dutch fascisme, from Italian fascismo.


pradana

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रधान (pradhāna). Doublet of perdana.

lbor

(scouting) gang leader, leader of a number going in company; a number of friends or persons associated for a particular purpose.


perwira tinggi

id-noun

perwira tinggi (plural perwira-perwira tinggi)

From perwira (“officer”) + tinggi (“high”).

(military, law enforcement) high-ranking officer.


lingkungan

Affixed lingkung + -an, inherited from Malay lingkungan, from Classical Malay lingkungan (“area”).
* The sense “environment” is a semantic loan from Dutch omgeving.
* The sense “circle, group” is a semantic loan from Dutch kring. Compare to loanword as Indonesian kring (“subdivision of a parish”).

cog

(Standard Malay)

lingkungan tetangga
lingkungan tetangga#Indonesian

(sociology) short for lingkungan tetangga (“neighbourhood”).


sinode

From Dutch synode, from French synode, from Ancient Greek σύνοδος (súnodos, “assembly, meeting”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὁδός (hodós, “way, path”).

der

(Christianity) synod, an ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters.


badan hukum

Compound of badan (“body”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch rechtspersoon (literally “law person”).


kaidah hukum

id-noun

kaidah hukum (plural kaidah-kaidah hukum)

From kaidah (“rule”) + hukum (“law”). Calque of Dutch rechtsnormen (literally “law norm”).


kenyataan hukum

Compound of kenyataan (“reality”) + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch rechtelijke werkelijkheid.


kedudukan hukum

From kedudukan (“position”) + hukum (“legal”). Calque of English legal standing.


berlaku surut

Compound of berlaku (“to apply”) + surut (“recede”), calque of Dutch terugwerkende (“retroactive”, literally “back + to be effective”).


batal demi hukum

batal (“cancel”) + demi + hukum (“law”), literally “cancel by law”. Calque of Dutch nietigheid van rechtswege.


surat kuasa

Compound of surat (“letter”) + kuasa (“power”), calque of Dutch volmacht brief.

(law) A legal document allowing one person to act as the agent of another; power of attorney.


bajing loncat

From bajing (“squirrel”) + loncat (“jump”), literally “jumping squirrel”.

compound

(figurative) A thief who steals items from cargo bed of a running vehicle (usually a pickup truck) on transport, begin with tailgate the vehicle using motorcycle, then the actor will jump to the vehicle to do action while accomplice still driving motorcycle


acintia

From Sanskrit अचिन्त्य (acintya, “incomprehensible”).

der

(Hinduism) mystic, incomprehensible, unimaginable


aktualitas

aktual + -itas. Influenced by English actuality, Dutch actualiteit, and French actualité.

(film) actuality, live reporting on current affairs.


kontaminasi

From Dutch contaminatie, from Latin contāminātiō.

(linguistics) the influence of one form (often from a foreign language) on the historical development of another form to which it may be related in meaning.


pembukaan

Affixation of buka + peng- -an.
* For obstetrical sense of cervical dilatation, semantic loan from Dutch ontsluiting.

(obstetrics) cervical dilation: the opening of the cervix, the entrance to the uterus, during childbirth.


musala

From Malay musala, from Arabic مُصَلًّى (muṣallan), from صَلَّى (ṣallā, “to pray”).

(Islam) musalla: A place for praying (e.g. outside a mosque); a praying room.


sajadah

From Malay sejadah, from Arabic سَجَّادَة (sajjāda).


keping biru

Compound of keping (“chip”) + biru (“blue”), calque of English blue chip.

(economics) blue chip: A stock or other investment that has a high price because of its perceived reliability.


persembahan

Affixed sembah + per- -an, inherited from Malay persembahan.

(art) performance: a live show or concert.


persepuluhan

From sepuluh + per- -an. Calque of English decimal for sense of decimal. Calque of Hebrew מַעֲשֵׂר (ma'aser, “tithe”) for sense of tithe.

calque

(Christianity) tithe: a contribution to one's religious community or congregation of worship.


nyeri

→ Javanese: ꦚꦼꦫꦶ (nyeri)

Probably affixed iri (“envious, jealous”) + meng-, borrowed from Sundanese ᮑᮨᮛᮤ (nyeri, “ill, sick; pain”). Compare to Javanese ꦱꦼꦫꦶꦏ꧀ (serik, “offended, irritated”), Javanese ꦱꦫꦶꦏ꧀ (sarik, “extraordinary (magic) power”).

ncog

(medicine, psychology) pain: an ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt.


con amore

Unadapted borrowing from Italian con amore (literally “with love”).

ubor

(music) con amore: played gently, with tenderness


praktikum

From Dutch practicum, from German Praktikum, from Latin practicum, neuter of practicus (“practical”), from Ancient Greek πρακτικός (praktikós, “of or pertaining to action, concerned with action or business, active, practical”), from πράσσω (prássō, “I do”).

der

(education) practicum (US), practical (UK): a course designed to give a student supervised practical knowledge of a subject previously studied theoretically.


yurisdiksi

From Dutch jurisdictie, from Latin iurisdictio.


taksaka

Borrowed from Javanese ꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦏ (taksaka, “snake”), from Old Javanese takṣaka, from Sanskrit तक्षक (takṣaka).

bor+

(mythology) snake, specifically Takshaka.


kontribusi

From Dutch contributie, from Middle French [Term?] (Modern French contribution), from Latin contribūtiōnem, contribūtiō, from Latin contribuēre.

(Islam, insurance) premium (the amount to be paid for an Islamic insurance policy)


penyidikan

Affixed sidik + peng- -an. Semantic loan from Dutch opsporing.

(law) investigation: the act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up.


penyelidikan

pênyêlidikan (canonical)
penyelidikan-penyelidikan (plural)

(law) the act of initial investigating; initial investigation.

preliminary investigation
preliminary investigation

(law enforcement) preliminary investigation


antisosial

From English antisocial. Equivalent to anti- + sosial.

(psychiatry, psychology) antisocial: opposed to social order or the principles of society; hostile toward society.


antiwirawan

id-noun

antiwirawan (plural antiwirawan-antiwirawan or para antiwirawan)

antiwirawan-antiwirawan (plural)
para antiwirawan (plural)

Calque of English antihero as anti- + wirawan.


perampokan

From Malay perampokan. Equivalent to rampok + peng- -an.

(law) The offense of taking or attempting to take the property of another by force or threat of force.


oposisi

From Dutch oppositie, from Middle Dutch opposicie, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French oposicion, from Late Latin oppositio, translating Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις (antíthesis), from the past participle stem of classical Latin oppōnere (“to set against”).

(politics) a political party or movement opposed to the party or government in power.

(linguistics) the opposition between two linguistic elements to show differences in meaning


stratifikasi

From Dutch stratificatie, from French stratification, from Medieval Latin stratificatio, from Latin stratum.

stratification;
(music) a layering of musical texture

stratification;
a layering of musical texture

(sociology) society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata


invois

From English invoice, from Middle French envois pl, plural of envoi, from the verb envoyer (“to send”), from Late Latin inviāre, from Latin via (“road, path”).


kanselir

From Dutch kanselier, from Middle Dutch cancelier, canceler, from Middle High German kanzeler but influenced by Old French chancelier, both from Latin cancellārius.

Kepolisian Berlin mengatakan sebuah mobil menabrak gerbang depan gedung kantor kanselir Jerman.

Berlin police said a car crashed on front gate of Chancellor of Germany office.

(government, politics) the head of the government in some German-speaking countries, ie. Austria and Germany.

(government, politics) a senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government such as finance or justice.

(rare) high officer in diplomatic or consular mission.

(education, rare) the head of a university, sometimes purely ceremonial.


abiturien

From Dutch abituriënt, from German Abiturient, from Latin abituriens, derived from abiī (“to leave”) + -turiō (desiderative suffix).


adolesens

adolèsêns (canonical)
adolesens-adolesens (plural)


afek

From Dutch affect, from Latin affectus, adfectus (“a state of mind or body produced by some (external) influence, especially sympathy or love”), from afficere (“to act upon, influence”).

(psychology, psychiatry) affect: a subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs.


agitasi

From Dutch agitatie, from French agitation, from Latin agitātiō (“movement, agitation”). Cognate of Afrikaans agitasie.

(politics) the state of being disrupted with violence, or with irregular action; commotion.


dana siswa

(education) scholarship: a grant-in-aid to a student.


pajak pertambahan nilai

id-noun

pajak pertambahan nilai (plural pajak-pajak pertambahan nilai)

Compound of pajak (“tax”) + pertambahan (“addition”) + nilai (“value”), calque of English value added tax.


pajak nilai tambah

Compound of pajak (“tax”) + nilai tambah (“value added”), calque of English value added tax.

pajak pertambahan nilai
pajak pertambahan nilai#Indonesian

(taxation, dated) Synonym of pajak pertambahan nilai


nilai tambah

From nilai (“value”) + tambah (“add”). Calque of English value added.

(economics, business) the amount by which the value of an article is increased at each stage of its production, exclusive of initial costs; value added.


nilai tambah

(economics, business, of goods) having features added to a basic line or model for which the buyer is prepared to pay extra; value added.


dana kekayaan berdaulat

From dana (“fund”) + kekayaan (“wealth”) + berdaulat (“sovereign”). Calque of English sovereign wealth fund.


medeplichtigheid

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch medeplichtigheid (“the status of accessory”).

ubor

(law) the status of accessory (assisting a crime)


Yesus

Learned borrowing from Latin Iēsūs (“Jesus”), from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ).

der

Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (Yēšûaʿ)


Yesus Kristus

Learned borrowing from Latin Iēsūs Chrīstus (“Jesus Christ”). Equivalent to Yesus (“Jesus”) + Kristus (“Christ”).


Isa Almasih

From Arabic عيسى المسيح. Equivalent to Isa (“Jesus”) + Almasih (“Messiah”).

bor

Arabic عيسى المسيح

(Islam) Jesus of Nazareth, one of the prophet in Islam.


letnan

From Dutch luitenant, from Middle Dutch lieutenant, from Middle French lieutenant (Modern French lieutenant), from lieu (“place”) + tenant (“holding”).


Pentakosta

From Portuguese Pentecoste, from Latin Pentēcostē, from Ancient Greek πεντηκοστή (pentēkostḗ).


balai latihan kerja

Compound of balai (“office”) + latihan (“training”) + kerja (“work”), literally “job training office”.

com

(education, labour) government vocational training institute.


sersan

From Dutch sergeant, from Middle Dutch seriant, from Old French sergent, from Latin serviēns. Cognate of Afrikaans sersant.

(military, law enforcement) sergeant (non-commissioned officer in several armed forces)


primadona

From Italian prima donna (“first lady”).

(drama) the principal female singer or the leading lady.


koreksi

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

From Dutch correctie, from Middle Dutch correctie, from Middle French correction, from Latin corrēctiō, from corrigere 'to correct, rectify', itself from com- (intensifying prefix, a form of con-) + regere "to lead straight, rule" (from a Proto-Indo-European base *reg- "to move in a straight line; direct, rule, guide").


residivis

rèsidivis (canonical)
residivis-residivis (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch recidivist, from French récidiviste, from Latin recidīvus (“returning, recurring”).


konstitusi

From Dutch constitutie, from French constitution, from Old French constitucion, from Latin cōnstitūtiō, cōnstitūtiōnem.

(government) the formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.

(law) a legal document describing such a formal system.


konstituante

From Dutch constituante, from French constituante.

constituent assembly
constituent assembly#English

constitutional assembly
constitutional assembly#English

(government, law) constituent assembly, constitutional assembly: a body of representatives convened to draft and adopt a new constitution for a country.


konstituen

From Dutch constituent, from Latin cōnstituēns, present participle of cōnstituō (“I establish”), from com- (“together”) + statuo (“I set, place, establish”).

(politics, law, government) a resident of an area represented by an elected official, particularly in relation to that official.

(linguistics) a functional element of a phrase or clause.


undang-undang dasar

Compound of undang-undang (“law”) + dasar (“ground, base”), calque of Dutch grondwet (“constitution”, literally “ground, base + law”).

clq

(government, law) constitution: the formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.


regulasi

régulasi (canonical)
regulasi-regulasi (plural)

(law, government) a type of law made by the executive branch of government, usually by virtue of a statute made by the legislative branch giving the executive the authority to do so.


pelayanan

pêlayanan (canonical)
pelayanan-pelayanan (plural)

(Christianity) a religious rite or ritual.

(Christianity) ministry: work of a spiritual or charitable nature.


purnasarjana

(education, dated) Synonym of pascasarjana


Isaril

From Arabic إِسْرَائِيل (ʔisrāʔīl). Doublet of Israel.

der

Arabic إِسْرَائِيل (ʔisrāʔīl)


asdos

(education) Acronym of asisten dosen (“assistant lecturer”).


asisten dosen

asisten (“assistant”) + dosen (“lecturer”)


berita acara

id-noun

bêrita acara (plural berita-berita acara)

bêrita acara (canonical)
berita-berita acara (plural)

Compound of berita (“report”) + acara (“court examination”).

com+

(law) complaint, law enforcement account or report


deviasi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch deviatie, from Middle French deviation, from Medieval Latin deviatio.

(sociology) deviance: Actions or behaviors that violate formal and informal cultural norms such as laws and customs.


swadarma

From Sanskrit स्वधर्म (svadharma). Equivalent to swa- (“self-, auto-”) + darma.


adegan

adêgan (canonical)
adegan-adegan (plural)

Affixed adeg + -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦢꦼꦒꦤ꧀ (adegan). Semantic loan from English scene for “a part of a dramatic work” sense.

(theater, film, television, radio) scene (part of a dramatic work that is set in the same place or time)


kayangan

* From Malay kayangan. Equivalent to hyang + ke- -an. Cognate to Toba Batak iang and Javanese ꦏꦪꦔꦤ꧀ (kayangan).
* Semantic loan from Balinese kayangan (ᬓᬬᬗᬦ᭄, “temple”), cf. above.


dakwah

(Islam) dawah: Islamic proselytism, particularly through preaching.


hukum acara

Compound of hukum (“law”) + acara (“court examination”),
calque of Dutch procesrecht (“procedural law”, literally “trial law; court case law”).


jinayah

From Malay jenayah, from Arabic جِنَايَة (jināya, “felony, crime”).


ekstrak

From Dutch extract, from Latin extractum.

(law) a certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgment therein, with an order for execution.


ekstraksi

From Dutch extractie, from French extraction, from Old French estraction, from Medieval Latin extractio.

(law) forced adoption: removal of a child without the consent of his parents, and often against their wishes.


fakih

From Arabic فَقِيه (faqīh, “jurist and theologian, expert in Islamic jurisprudence”).

(Islam, law) faqih: an expert in Islamic law.


gancang

From Javanese ꦒꦚ꧀ꦕꦁ (gancang), probably from Classical Malay kěncaŋ (“taut”). Doublet of kencang (“fast”) and goncang (“to shake”).


pileg

pemilihan legislatif
pemilihan legislatif#Indonesian

(government) acronym of pemilihan legislatif (“legislative election”).


pemilihan legislatif

pemilihan (“election”) + legislatif (“legislative”)

compound

(government) Indonesian legislative elections.


pemilihan

Affixed pilih + peng- -an or peng- + pilihan, from Malay pemilihan.

(government, politics) voting: action of the verb to vote.

(government, politics) election: a process of choosing a representative by popular vote.


pemilihan umum

pemilihan (“election”) + umum (“general”)

general election
general election#English

(government, politics) general election.


pemilu

pemilihan umum
pemilihan umum#Indonesian

(government, politics) Acronym of pemilihan umum (“general election”).


kejaksaan

kêjaksaan (canonical)
kejaksaan-kejaksaan (plural)

Affixed jaksa + ke- -an. Attested since Japanese occupation period as translation of Japanese 檢察局(けんさつきょく) (kensatsukyoku, “prosecutor office”).

ja-r

(law) prosecutor office, procuratorate, procuracy.


kejaksaan agung

Compound of kejaksaan (“prosecutor office”) + agung (“supreme”), calque from Japanese 最高検察庁(さいこうけんさつちょう) (saikōkensatsuchō).

ja-r

最高検察庁(さいこうけんさつちょう) (saikōkensatsuchō)

attorney general
attorney general#English

(law) attorney general office, prosecutor general office.


jaksa agung

Compound of jaksa (“prosecutor”) + agung (“supreme”), calque of Dutch procureur-generaal.

compound

(law) attorney general, prosecutor general.


kejaksaan negeri

Compound of kejaksaan (“prosecutor office”) + negeri (“state”), calque from Japanese 地方檢察局(ちほうけんさつきょく) (chihōkensatsukyoku, literally “district public prosecutor office”).

ja-r

(law) kabupaten and kota-level prosecutor office.


kejari

kejaksaan negeri
kejaksaan negeri#Indonesian


kejaksaan tinggi

Compound of kejaksaan (“prosecutor office”) + tinggi (“high”), calque from Japanese 高等檢察局(こうとうけんさつきょく) (kōtōkensatsukyoku, literally “higher public prosecutor office”).


kejati

kejaksaan tinggi
kejaksaan tinggi#Indonesian


bagan organisasi

organisation chart
organisation chart#English

organization chart
organization chart#English

(management) organisation chart, organization chart.


skema organisasi

skema + organisasi as a calque of Dutch organisatieschema.


mahkamah agung

Compound of mahkamah (“court”) + agung (“supreme”), previously pengadilan agung (1942-1945), a calque from Japanese 最高法院(さいこうほういん) (saikōhōin, “supreme court”), term used in East Asia, except for Japanese home islands, 最高裁判所(さいこうさいばんしょ) (saikōsaibansho). Continuation of Dutch hooggerechtshof and Japanese 最高法院(さいこうほういん) (saikōhōin, “supreme court”).

(law) supreme court: a court of law which represents the highest legal authority within a jurisdiction.


mahkamah konstitusi

mahkamah (“court”) + konstitusi (“constitution”).

compound

constitutional court
constitutional court#English

(law) constitutional court: a high court whose jurisdiction is focused on constitutional law or constitutional issues, such as the review of the constitutionality of laws, draft laws, political and bureaucratic decisions, acts of political parties, etc.


sunah

From Arabic سُنَّة (sunna, “a recommended practice”).

der

(Islam) a traditional practice for which there is a divine reward but for whose omission there is no punishment, a supererogatory act.

(Islam) a religiously canonized tradition or practice which attributed to Islamic religious figures (typically Prophet Muhammad).


kreditur

From Dutch crediteur, from Middle French crediteur (Modern French créditeur), from Old French creditor, creditour, from Latin creditor.

(finance) creditor: a person to whom a debt is owed.


debitur

From Dutch debiteur, from Middle French debiteur (Modern French débiteur, from Latin debitum, supine of debere (“to be due, have to, must”).

(finance) debitor, debtor: a person or firm that owes money; one in debt; one who owes a debt.


perpuluhan

Affixed puluh + per- -an, calque of Hebrew מַעֲשֵׂר (ma'aser, “tithe”).

cal

(Christianity) tithe: a contribution to one's religious community or congregation of worship.


kuplet

kuplèt (canonical)
kuplet-kuplet (plural)

From Dutch couplet, from French couplet, from Middle French couplet, from Old French couplet.

(poetry) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)


jinayat

(Islam, law, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of jinayah (“crime”).


hukum sipil

Compound of hukum (“law”) + sipil (“civil (law)”), calque of Dutch burgerlijk recht (“civil law”).


likuid

* From English liquid, from Middle English liquide, from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid, moist”), from liqueō (“to be liquid, be fluid”).
* For financial sense of liquid is a semantic loan from Dutch liquide.

easily sold or disposed of without losing value.

having sufficient trading activity to make buying or selling easy.


likuida

From Dutch liquida, from Middle English liquide, from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid, moist”), from liqueō (“to be liquid, be fluid”).

(phonology) liquid: A class of consonant sounds that includes l and r.


likuidasi

From Dutch liquidatie, from Middle French liquidation, from Italian liquidazione.

(management) liquidation: the selling of the assets of a business as part of the process of dissolving the business.


likuidator

From Dutch liquidator or English liquidator.

(management) liquidator: one who liquidates.


praba

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦿꦧ (praba), from Old Javanese prabhā, from Sanskrit प्रभा (prabhā, “illumination”).

(archaeology) halo or nimbus in a stele.


madrasah aliah

Compound of madrasah (“(Islamic) school”) + aliah (“regarding higher education”).

com+

(Islam, education) Islamic modern senior high school (US) or upper secondary school (UK).


madrasah sanawiah

id-noun

madrasah sanawiah (plural madrasah-madrasah sanawiah)

Compound of madrasah + sanawiah, from Arabic مَدْرَسَة ثَانَوِيَّة (madrasa(t) ṯānawiyya), ثَانَوِيَّة (ṯānawiyya, “secondary, minor”) + مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).

der

مَدْرَسَة ثَانَوِيَّة

compound

(Islam, education) Islamic modern junior high school (US) or lower secondary school (UK).


hidrargilit

(mining) gibbsite, hydrargyllite: a mineral with monoclinic crystals, usually white but can have different colors, Al(OH)


buku besar

buku bêsar (canonical)
buku-buku besar (plural)

Compound of buku (“book”) + besar (“big”), partial calque of Dutch grootboek (literally “big, great book”).

partial calque

(accounting) general ledger, nominal ledger.


buku paket

Compound of buku (“book”) + paket (“package”), calque of Dutch boekenpakket (literally “package of books”).


parpol

partai politik
partai politik#Indonesian

(politics) Acronym of partai politik (“political party”).


epolet

èpolèt (canonical)
epolet-epolet (plural)

From Dutch epaulet, from French épaulette.


skripsi

From Dutch scriptie, from Latin scrīptio (“writing, composition”).

bachelor's thesis
bachelor's thesis#English


disertasi

From Dutch dissertatie, from Middle French dissertation, from Latin dissertātiō, dissertātiōnem, from dissertus, the passive past participle of disserō.

(education) doctoral thesis, dissertation.


kompetensi

Borrowed from Dutch competentie, from French compétence, from Late Latin competentia.


kompeten

From Dutch competent, from Middle Dutch competent, from Middle French competent, from Latin competēns.

(education) having sufficient skill, knowledge, ability, or qualifications.

(law) having jurisdiction or authority over a particular issue or question.


promosi

From Dutch promotie, from French promotion, from Latin prōmōtiō, from prōmoveō.

(marketing) an event intended to increase the reach or image of a product or brand.


inhal

From Dutch inhaal, inhalen (“to catch up, to rectify, to make up”).

Apabila mahasiswa berhalangan hadir saat praktikum, ia diwajibkan mengikuti praktikum susulan (inhal).

Students must take make up session, if they could not present in the practical session.


evolusi

From Dutch evolutie, from Latin ēvolūtiō, ēvolūtiōnis (“the act of unrolling, unfolding or opening (of a book)”).

der

evolution: a process of gradual change in a given system, subject, product etc., especially from simpler to more complex forms.


pelisir

From Dutch plisseren, from French plisser.

(sewing) plead: A fold in the fabric of a garment, usually a skirt, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness and freedom of movement, or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.


kemantren

Reanalysed as mantri + ke- -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦼꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ (kemantrèn). Doublet of kementerian.

bor+

(government) the urbanized third-level administrative division in kota of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, previously Dutch onderdistrict (“subdistrict”).


silabus

Learned borrowing from Latin syllabus (“list”).

lbor

(education) syllabus: a summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or a text or lecture.


penyangga

(politics) a buffer zone (such as a demilitarized zone) or a buffer state.


teras berita

From compound of teras (“essence”) + berita (“news”).

(newspapers) A lead; a teaser; a lead-in; the start of a newspaper column, telling who, what, when, where, why and how.

(journalism) headline: the main points of a television or radio news broadcast, read out before the full broadcast.


silabel

Borrowed from Dutch syllabe, from French syllabe, from Old French sillebe, from Latin syllaba, from Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ), from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “I gather together”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).


kata kunci

Compound of kata (“word”) + kunci (“key”), calque of Dutch sleutelwoord (“keyword”).

clq

(information science, drama) any word used in a reference work to link to other words or other information.

(linguistics) any word that occurs in a text more often than normal.


kata majemuk

From compound of kata (“word”) + majemuk (“compound”), from calque of Dutch samengesteld woord (“compound word”) (samengesteld + woord).


bunga majemuk

Compound of bunga (“flower, interest”) + majemuk (“compound”). The sense of compound interest is calque of Dutch samengestelde interest.

compound

compound interest
compound interest#English


kompositum

From Dutch compositum, from Latin compositum.


anakan

Affixed anak (“child”) + -an, from Malay anakan, from Classical Malay انقن (anakan).
* Sense of interest in economics or finance is a semantic loan from Chinese 利子 (“interest”, literally “benefit, profit + child, son”) or Japanese 子(し) (shi, “interest”, literally “child”). Compare to Javanese anakan (ꦲꦤꦏꦤ꧀, “interest”).


ajektiva

(linguistics, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


ajektif

From Dutch adjectief, from Middle French adjectif, from Latin adiectīvus.

(linguistics, nonstandard) alternative spelling of adjektiva (“adjective”).


suku bunga

Compound of suku (“part”) + bunga (“interest”).


suku dinas

Affixed suku (“part”) + dinas (“government service”).

compound

(government) the smallest unit in charge of the government office.

sub-office (government service) of second-level administrative division in Jakarta.


pekan suci

Compound of pekan (“week”) + suci (“holy”).


semana santa

semana santa (canonical)
sêmana santa (canonical)

From Portuguese Semana Santa (“Holy Week”).


resolusi

From Malay resolusi, from Dutch resolutie, from Middle Dutch resolucie, from Middle French [Term?], from Latin resolūtiō (“a loosening, solution”), from resolvō (“I loosen”), itself from the intensive prefix re- + solvō (“I loosen”).

der

(computing, photography) the degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch).


kaki lima

Inherited from Malay kaki lima, from kaki (“foot”) + lima (“five”).

(architecture) arcade: a covered passage, usually with shops on both sides.


pasar modal

Compound of pasar (“market”) + modal (“capital”), calque of Dutch kapitaalmarkt.


bursa saham

From compound of bursa + saham, from partial calque of Dutch effectenbeurs (“stock exchange”).


bursa efek

Compound of bursa (“exchange”) + efek (“security”), literally “security exchange”, calque of Dutch effectenbeurs (“stock exchange”).


pasar gelap

Compound of pasar (“market”) + gelap (“dark”), calque from Chinese 黑市 (literally “dark market”) or calque from Japanese 闇市(やみいち) (yamīchi, literally “dark market”).

ja-r

(business, economics) black market; illicit market; under the counter business.


wakil rakyat

From compound of wakil (“representative”) + rakyat (“people”).

compound

(government, politics) people's representative.


utusan rakyat

Compound of utusan (“representative”) + rakyat (“people”).

(government, politics, dated) people's representative.


bahasa standar

head

bahasa standar (plural bahasa-bahasa standar, first-person possessive bahasa standarku, second-person possessive bahasa standarmu, third-person possessive bahasa standarnya)

bahasa-bahasa standar (plural)
bahasa standar ku (first-person possessive)
bahasa standar mu (possessive second-person)
bahasa standar nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + standar (“standard”), partial calque of Dutch standaardtaal (“standard language”).

partial calque

Biasanya pemakai bahasa beranggapan bahwa bahasa standar adalah bahasa yang lebih baik dibanding bahasa non-standar.

Language user generally assumed that standard language is better than non-standard language.

Mutu pers ditentukan oleh penggunaan bahasa standar terbaku, baik, dan benar.

Press quality is defined by usage of most standarised, good and right standard language.

Hal ini karena mereka menjadi tolok ukur keberhasilan pemakaian bahasa standar atau baku.

This is because they are success indicator of standard language usage.

standard language
standard language#English

(sociolinguistics) standard language: high language variety, usually as codified by prescriptive authorities


bahasa nasional

Compound of bahasa (“language”) + nasional (“national”), partial calque of Dutch nationale taal.

compound

(linguistics) national language, a language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.


bahasa negara

bahasa (“language”) + negara (“country, state”).

official language
official language#English

(linguistics) country official language.


paramasastra

From Javanese ꦥꦫꦩꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ (paramasastra). See there for further etymology.

(obsolete) Synonym of tata bahasa (“grammar”)


sepilis

From Dutch syfilis (“syphilis”), from New Latin syphilis.

(derogatory, politics) acronym of sekularisme (“secularism”), pluralisme (“pluralism”) and liberalisme (“liberalism”).


sepilis

(architecture) ceiling: the overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.


sekulerisme

(politics) alternative spelling of sekularisme (“secularism”).


ijab

From Arabic إِيجَاب (ʔījāb, “affirmation”).


liberalisasi

From Dutch liberalisatie. By surface analysis, liberal + -isasi.


eklikema

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐκκύκλημα (ekkúklēma).

lbor

(art) eccyclema: a wheeled device, used in ancient Greek plays, that could be rolled out to allow a tableau to be viewed.


setan

From Malay setan, from Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān). Doublet of syaitan.

der

Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān)

(religion) the supreme evil spirit in the Abrahamic religions, who tempts humanity and rules Hell; the Devil; (in Theistic Satanism) the same figure, regarded as a deity to be revered and worshipped


syaitan

From Malay syaitan, from Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān). Doublet of setan.

Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān)


pendapatan nasional

Compound of pendapatan (“income, revenue”) + nasional (“national”).


perbandingan hukum

Compound of perbandingan (“comparation”) + hukum (“law”).


senandika

sênandika (canonical)
senandika-senandika (plural)

Reconstructed as se- + meng- + andika, from Javanese ngandika (ꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏ), andika (ꦲꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏ, “to tell”, literally “you”), from Old Javanese andika (“words, command, order, decree”). Calque of Late Latin sōliloquium (literally “only, sole + I speak”).

clq

(drama) soliloquy: the act of a character speaking to themselves so as to reveal their thoughts to the audience.


takarir

From Arabic تَقَارِير (taqārīr). Semantic loan from English caption for “caption” sense.

(cinematography) caption: a piece of text appearing on screen as subtitle or other part of a film or broadcast.


sekolah teknik menengah

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + teknik (“technical”) + menengah (“middle”).

compound

technical school
technical school#English

sekolah menengah kejuruan
sekolah menengah kejuruan#Indonesian

(education, historical) technical school (“technical”) sekolah menengah kejuruan, abbreviated as STM.


penanaman modal

Compound of penanaman (“planting”) + modal (“capital”), literally “capital planting”, calque from Chinese 投資／投资 (“invesment”, literally “to put in + resources; capital”).


sekolah teknologi menengah

id-noun

sekolah teknologi menengah (uncountable)

Compound of sekolah (“school”) + teknologi (“technological”) + menengah (“middle”).


komposisi

From Dutch compositie, from Middle Dutch composicie, from Middle French composition, from Old French composicion, from Latin compositiō, from componere (“to put together”).

(art, music) a work of music, literature or art.

composition:
a work of music, literature or art.


sekolah menengah teknologi

Compound of sekolah menengah (“secondary school”) + teknologi (“technological”). Compare to Chinese 技術型高級中等學校 /技术型高级中等学校 (jìshù xíng gāojí zhōngděng xuéxiào).

cog

(education) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK) level (ISCED Level 3) vocational school.

sekolah menengah teknologi kerumahtanggaan


sekolah lanjutan tingkat pertama

Compound of sekolah lanjutan (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + tingkat (“grade”) + pertama (“first”) from either
* Calque from Japanese 初等 (shotō, “beginner, primary”) + 中学校 (chūgakkō, “secondary (middle) school”). The post-war Japanese term is 中学校 (chūgakkō), or
* Calque from Chinese 初級中學／初级中学 (chūjí zhōngxué, “junior middle school”).

zh-l

(education, dated) junior high school (US), lower secondary school (UK).


sekolah lanjutan tingkat atas

Compound of sekolah lanjutan (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + tingkat (“grade”) + atas (“upper”) from either
* Calque from Japanese 高等 (kōtō, “higher”) + 中学校 (chūgakkō, “secondary (middle) school”). The post-war Japanese term is 高等学校 (kōtōgakkō). Doublet of sekolah menengah tinggi.
* Calque from Chinese 高級中學／高级中学 (gāojí zhōngxué, “senior high school”).

zh-l

(education) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK).


sekolah menengah umum atas

Compound of sekolah menengah (“high school (US), secondary school (UK)”) + umum (“general”) + atas (“upper”), from
* Calque of Dutch algemene middelbare school of algemene (“common, general”) + middelbare (“secondary”) + school.
* Compare to Chinese 普通高中.

compound

(education, historical) senior high school (US), upper secondary school (UK), abbreviated SMU.


institut teknologi

Compound of institut (“institute”) + teknologi (“technology”), calque of English institute of technology.

clq

(education) institute of technology, technological university, university of technology, polytechnic.


ibadah

From Malay ibadah, from Arabic عِبَادَة (ʕibāda). Doublet of ibadat.


ibadat

From Malay ibadat, from Classical Malay ibadat, from Arabic عِبَادَة (ʕibāda). Doublet of ibadah.


elastisitas

From Latinised elastis + -itas which superseded elastisitet, from Dutch elasticiteit, from French élasticité, from Ancient Greek ἐλαστός (elastós, “ductile, flexible”), related to ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to strike, beat out”).

der

(economics) the sensitivity of changes in a quantity with respect to changes in another quantity.


sosialisasi

Affixed sosial + -isasi, from Dutch socialisatie, from French socialisation.

(psychology, sociology) the process of learning how to live in a way acceptable to one's own society, said especially about children.

(economics, government) taking under government control as implementing socialism.


bedah

From Malay bedah, from Javanese ꦧꦼꦝꦃ (bedhah, “broken through, ripped open; to be overcome by force”), from Old Javanese bĕḍah (“to break, to burst”).

(literature, figurative) review: a second or subsequent reading of a text or artifact in an attempt to gain new insights.


hijriah

(Islam) Anno Hegirae: in the year of the Hegira, used for dates using the Islamic calendar.


modulasi

From Dutch modulatie, from Middle French modulation, from Latin modulatio.


PPDB

penerimaan peserta didik baru#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of penerimaan peserta didik baru.


SHUN

ujian nasional
ujian nasional#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sertifikat hasil ujian nasional.


sekolah luar biasa

sekolah (“school”) + luar biasa (“extraordinary”)


baut angkur

From baut (“bolt”) + angkur (“anchor”), from English anchor bolt.


piutang usaha

id-noun

piutang usaha (plural piutang-piutang usaha)


utang usaha

Compound of utang (“debt”) + usaha, calque of Dutch handelsschuld (“account payable”, literally “business' debt”).


ayat jurnal penyesuaian

id-noun

ayat jurnal penyesuaian (plural ayat-ayat jurnal penyesuaian)

Compound of ayat (“entry”) + jurnal (“journal”) + penyesuaian (“adjusting”).


jurnal penutup

Compound of jurnal (“journal”) + penutup (“closing”).

(accounting) closing entry: journal entries made at the end of an accounting period to transfer temporary accounts to permanent accounts.


aktiva lancar

Compound of aktiva (“asset”) + lancar (“smooth”), partial calque of Dutch vlottende activa (“current asset”) (see vlotten (“to go smoothly, to make progress, to glide”)).


laporan laba rugi

Compound of laporan (“statement”) + laba (“profit”) + rugi (“loss”), calque from Dutch winst-en-verliesrekening.


bidah

(Islam) bid'a: heretical innovation in Islamic religious beliefs or worship.

(religion) heresy: a doctrine held by a member of a religion at variance with established religious beliefs.


keresidenan

kêrésidènan (canonical)
keresidenan-keresidenan (plural)

Affixed residen + ke- -an, displaced karesidenan, from adapted borrowing of Javanese ꦏꦫꦺꦱꦶꦝꦺꦤꦤ꧀ (karésidhènan, “residency”).

bor

an administrative division of former British Empire and the Dutch East Indies (residentie), which were headed by a resident.


anamnesa

(medicine, psychology) alternative spelling of anamnesis


kamar sakit

Compound of kamar (“chamber, room”) + sakit (“sick”), calque of English sickroom.


keterangan

kêtêrangan (canonical)
keterangan-keterangan (plural)

Inherited from Malay keterangan, synchronically analysable as terang + ke- -an.

(law) testimony: statements made by a witness in court.


subjek

Borrowed from Dutch subject, from Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”). The pronunciation is influenced by English subject.

der

(grammar) the word or word group about whom a statement is made.


uang pisah

From uang (“money”) + pisah (“to separate”), calque of English separation pay.


uang penggantian hak

id-noun

uang penggantian hak (plural uang-uang penggantian hak)

uang (“money”) + penggantian + hak (“right”)

compound

(law, Indonesia) compensation right pay or compensation pay


uang penghargaan masa kerja

id-noun

uang penghargaan masa kerja (plural uang-uang penghargaan masa kerja)

uang-uang penghargaan masa kerja (plural)

uang (“money”) + penghargaan (“appreciation, honour”) + masa kerja (“years of service”)


UPMK

uang penghargaan masa kerja
uang penghargaan masa kerja#Indonesian

(law) Initialism of uang penghargaan masa kerja (“long service pay”).


UPH

uang penggantian hak
uang penggantian hak#Indonesian

(law) Initialism of uang penggantian hak.


UMR

(law, dated) Initialism of upah minimum regional.


rekam jejak

Compound of rekam + jejak, calque of English track record.


jalan salib

Compound of jalan (“way”) + salib (“cross”), calque of Latin Via Crucis.

Way of the Cross
Way of the Cross#English

a series of pictures or statues depicting the Stations of the Cross, as laid out around a church, along a road etc.

religious devotions in connection with these stages.


lembaga pelatihan kerja

lembaga (“institute”) + pelatihan (“training”) + kerja (“work, job”), literally “job training institute”.

(education, labour) private vocational training institute


pandega

(scouting) scout members within age group 21 - 25 years old.


pramuka

From Javanese pramuka (ꦥꦿꦩꦸꦏ, “leader”), from Old Javanese pramukha (“chief; take a stand against”), from Sanskrit प्रमुख (pramukha, “chief, respectable man, sage”). Reconstructed as pra- + muka.
* Backronym of praja (“servant”) + muda (“young”) + कारण (kāraṇa) (“action”).

compound

<i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">कारण</i> (kāraṇa)

the activities of boy scouts and girl scouts.

(scouting) scout: a member of any number of youth organizations belonging to the international scout movement, such as the Boy Scouts of America or Girl Scouts of the United States.


kwartir

From Dutch kwartier. Doublet of kuarter.

(scouting) regional subdivision in pramuka (“scout”) of Indonesia.


rekening koran

Compound of rekening + koran, calque of Dutch rekening-courant (“current account”).

clq

(finance) bank statement: A communication from a bank to a person holding an account in that bank, usually issued monthly, detailing the value of the holdings in that account and the effects of all transactions occurring with respect to that account.


santri

id-noun

santri (plural santri-santri or para santri)

santri-santri (plural)
para santri (plural)

From Malay santri, from Tamil சாத்திரி (cāttiri, “learned man”), from Sanskrit शास्त्री (śāstrī, “into scripture”). Cognate of Hindi शास्त्री (śāstrī, “scientist”).


antawacana

From Javanese [Term?] (“dialog”), from Old Javanese antah + wacana, from Sanskrit अंतः (aṃtaḥ) + वचन (vacana). Reconstructed as antah + wacana.

(art, wayang) dhalang's specific speaking style associated with each puppet


cebong

Borrowed from Javanese cebong (ꦕꦺꦧꦺꦴꦁ). Doublet of kecebong.

(derogatory, politics) political supporter of Joko Widodo, president of Indonesia


sajian

(art) performance: a live show or concert.


kantilever

(engineering, architecture) cantilever: a beam anchored at one end and projecting into space, such as a long bracket projecting from a wall to support a balcony.


akomodasi

From Dutch accommodatie, from French accommodation from Latin accommodātiō (“adjustment, accommodation, compliance”), from accommodō (“adapt, put in order”).

(law enforcement, tourism) lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travellers in hotels or on cruise ships, or prisoners, etc.

(anthropology, sociology) the act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.


asimilasi

→ Malay: asimilasi

(linguistics, phonology) a sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.

(sociology) the adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture.


nasionalisme

→ Malay: nasionalisme

Affixed nasional + -isme, from Dutch nationalisme, from French nationalisme.


koersi

From English coercion (regularisation from English -tion into Indonesian -si via Dutch -tie), from Old French cohercion, from Latin coercitiō (“magisterial coercion”), from coercere, past participle coercitus (“to restrain, coerce”), from cum (“with”) + arceō (“to shut in, enclose”).

actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing.

use of physical or moral force to compel a person to do something, or to abstain from doing something, thereby depriving that person of the exercise of free will.


kognisi

From Dutch cognitie, from Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”).

the process of knowing, of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and through the senses.

(sociology) cognition:
a result of a cognitive process.


inkonstitusional

From Dutch inconstitutioneel, from French inconstitutionnel.


institusionalisasi

(government, politics) the process of establishing a practice as a norm

(psychology) the process of committing a person to a facility where their freedom to leave will be restrained, usually a mental hospital.


hubungan internasional

Compound of hubungan (“relation”) + internasional (“international”), calque of English international relations.

clq

international relations
international relations#English

(government, politics) international relations.


UKM

unit kegiatan mahasiswa
unit kegiatan mahasiswa#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of unit kegiatan mahasiswa.

(business) Initialism of usaha kecil dan menengah (“small and medium-sized enterprise; SME”).


KRS

(education) Initialism of kartu rencana studi (“course planning sheet”).


KHS

(education) Initialism of kartu hasil studi.


penasihat akademik

From penasihat (“advisor”) + akademik (“academic”), calque of English academic advisor.


KTA

kredit tanpa agunan
kredit tanpa agunan#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of kredit tanpa agunan (“non-collateral loan”).


lembaran negara

Compound of lembaran (“sheet”) + negara (“state”), calque of Dutch staatsblad (literally “state + sheet”).

clq

official gazette
official gazette#English


berita negara

Compound of berita (“news”) + negara (“state”), calque of Dutch staatscourant (literally “state + newspaper”).


keamanan nasional

Compound of keamanan (“security”) + nasional (“national”), calque of English national security.

com+

(politics) national security (the safety of a country as managed through the exercise of economic and political power, intelligence agencies and diplomacy)


koeksistensi

Affixed ko- + eksistensi, from Dutch coëxistentie (current spelling co-existentie).


kohabitasi

From Dutch cohabitatie, from French cohabitation, from Latin cohabitationem.

(anthropology, sociology) an emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction.

(politics) cooperation between politicians of opposing political parties; especially, in France, between a President and Prime Minister.


konfrontasi

From Dutch confrontatie, from Middle French confrontation or Latin confrontātiō.

(politics) a conflict between armed forces.

confrontation:
a conflict between armed forces.


konstitusionalisme

From Dutch constitutionalisme, from French constitutionnalisme.


muatan lokal

Compound of muatan (“content”) + lokal (“local”).

(education) local content: curriculum activities to develop competencies that are tailored to local characteristics and potentials.


portofolio

From English portfolio, from Italian portafoglio, from Latin portāre (“to carry”) and folium (“sheet”).

(education) the collection of such documents, especially the works.

(management, politics) the post and the responsibilities of head of a department.

(business, finance) the group of investments and other assets held by an investor.


Pancasilais

(politics) One who has Pancasila ideology or beliefs.


berita pemerintah

Compound of berita (“news”) + pemerintah (“government”), calque from Japanese 官報(かんぽう) (kanpō, “official government gazette”).

ja-r

(law, government, historical) official gazette.


joglo

Borrowed from Javanese ꦗꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴ (joglo).

(architecture) joglo: type of traditional vernacular house of the Javanese people.


tribuana

From Balinese tribuana (ᬢ᭄ᬭᬶᬪ᭄ᬯᬦ), from Sanskrit त्रिभुवन (tribhuvana, “three world”). Reanalysed as tri + buana.


warna bahasa

Compound of warna (“colour”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of Balinese ᬯᬃᬦᬩᬲ (warna basa, “register”, literally “variety of language”), from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa, “colour”) + भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).

compound

(linguistics) register: a style of a language used in a particular context, which is related to honorific.


PKM

(education) initialism of program kreativitas mahasiswa.


peraturan daerah

Compound of peraturan (“law”) + daerah (“regional, subdivision”).

(law) regional law, enact by guvernor with Provincial Regional People's Representative Council in pronvicial level or enact by regent or mayor with Municipal Regional People's Representative Council in municipal level


demokrasi liberal

Compound of demokrasi + liberal, calque of Dutch liberale democratie.

liberal democracy
liberal democracy#English


lektor kepala

lektor (“assistant professor”) + kepala (“head”)

(education) associate professor, senior lecturer.


universitit

From Dutch universiteit (“university”), from Middle Dutch universiteit, from Old French universitei, from Medieval Latin ūniversitās. Compare to German Universität.

(education, dated) Superseded spelling of universitas.


universitas terbuka

Compound of universitas + terbuka, calque of English Open University.

(education) open university: a university with an open-door academic policy, with minimal or no entry requirements.


romansa

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch romance, from German Romanze, from French romance, from Spanish romance, itself probably a borrowing from either Old French romanz or Old Occitan romans, meaning a narrative work in the vernacular speech, from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in a Roman manner”), ultimately from Latin rōmānicus.

der

(literature) a story relating to chivalry; a story involving knights, heroes, adventures, quests, etc.


amanat

From Malay amanat, from Classical Malay امانت (amanat), from Classical Persian امانت (amānat), from Arabic أَمَانَة (ʔamāna). Doublet of amanah.

amanat anggaran

(communication, linguistics) a communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed.

(literature) an underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something.


sekam

Inherited from Malay sekam, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *skaamʔ (“chaff; husks of paddy”).

(military) chaff: loose material, e.g. small strips of aluminum foil dropped from aircraft, intended to interfere with radar detection.


mosi tidak percaya

vote of no confidence
vote of no confidence#English

no-confidence motion
no-confidence motion#English

(politics) vote of no confidence, no-confidence motion.


waralaba

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese wara (“gift”) + lābha (“profit”), intended translated as extra or special profit. Coined by Lembaga Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen for translation of franchise.

coinage

(business) The authorization granted by a company to sell or distribute its goods or services in a certain area.

(business) A business operating under such authorization, a franchisee.

(literature) The loose collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular universe, including literary, film or television series from various sources.


pemimpin pujian

id-noun

pemimpin pujian (plural pemimpin-pemimpin pujian)

Compound of pemimpin (“leader”) + pujian (“praise”), literally “praise leader”, calque of English worship leader.


ansietas

ansiétas (canonical)
ansietas-ansietas (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin anxietas (“anxiety, carefulness”).


dinas pemadam kebakaran

dinas (“service”) + pemadam kebakaran (“fire extinguisher, firefighter”)

compound

(firefighting, Indonesia) fire department: an organization, part of a local government, whose purpose is preventing and putting out fires. May provide other emergency services as well.


K/L

(government) initialism of kementerian atau lembaga (“ministry or institution”).


asta sari

(architecture) Standard spelling of astasari.


awig-awig

(law) Balinese customary law in desa pakraman level.


wantilan

From Balinese ᬯᬦ᭄ᬢᬶᬮᬦ᭄ (wantilan, “roofed platform”).

bor

(architecture) a roofed platform, usually used for public meetings


tujuan

Affixed tuju + -an, from Malay tujuan. Semantic loan from Dutch oogmerk (“aim, goal”) in law terms.


asas praduga tidak bersalah

Compound of asas + praduga tidak bersalah

com+

presumption of innocence
presumption of innocence#English

(law) presumption of innocence principle.


ULN

utang luar negeri
utang luar negeri#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of utang luar negeri (“foreign debt”).


UAN

ujian akhir nasional
ujian akhir nasional#Indonesian

(education) acronym of ujian akhir nasional (“national final examination”).

(education) initialism of ujian akhir nasional (“national final examination”).


SDM

sumber daya manusia
sumber daya manusia#Indonesian

(management, human resources) Initialism of sumber daya manusia.


ujian akhir

Compound of ujian (“examination”) + akhir (“end”).

final examination
final examination#English


ujian akhir nasional

Compound of ujian akhir (“final examination”) + nasional (“national”).


ujian nasional

Compound of ujian (“examination”) + nasional (“national”).


tahun akademik

Compound of tahun (“year”) + akademik (“academic”), calque of English academic year.


titip absen

Compound of titip (“to entrust”) + absen (“presence”, literally “absence”).

(education, colloquial) signing in an absent person.


UMKM

(business) Initialism of usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (“micro, small, or medium-sized enterprise; MSME”).


tahun anggaran

Compound of tahun + anggaran, from calque of English budget year.

Sebagai tjara-tjara oentoek meperbanjak hasil bahan makanan teristimewa pada tahoen anggaran 2604, pertama direntjanakan menegoehkan dengan teratoer rapi tjara soesoenannja ditempatkan pemimpin Indonesia, jang dahoeloe hanja satoe orang dalam tiap Son, sekarang satoe orang dalam tiap-tiap Ku

As a way to increase the production of special food materials in the fiscal year of 2604, it was first planned to ensure a neat and orderly way of placing the Indonesian leaders, previously only one person in each Son, but now one person in each Ku.

(finance) budget year, fiscal year, or financial year.


KRI

(nautical, military) Initialism of kapal perang Republik Indonesia. (ship prefix for naval ships of Indonesia)


pangkon

Reconstructed as pangku + -an, from Javanese pangkon (ꦥꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀, “virama”, literally “lap”) and Balinese pangkon (ᬧᬗ᭄ᬓᭀᬦ᭄, literally “lap”), from Old Javanese paṅkwan, paṅkon (“lap”). Doublet of pangkuan.

bor

(dialect, music, Bali) hollow wood, the upper part is used to place the metal blades of gamelan, saron, and so on, acting as a sound maker.


diversifikasi

From Dutch diversificatie, from Medieval Latin diversificatiō, from diversificātus, past participle of diversificō (“diversify”), from Latin diversus (“turned in different ways”) + faciō (“make, do”).

der

(business) a corporate strategy in which a company acquires or establishes a business other than that of its current product.

(finance) an investment strategy involving investing in a range of assets with differing features in order to reduce specific risk.


induksi

From Dutch inductie (“induction”), from Middle Dutch inductie, from Middle French induction indirectly or Latin inductiō.

induksi persalinan
induksi persalinan#Indonesian

(obstetrics) short for induksi persalinan (“labor induction”).


cukup jelas

cukup (“enough”) + jelas (“clear”), literally “clear enough”


perjanjian pranikah

prenuptial agreement
prenuptial agreement


tanda daftar perusahaan

tanda daftar (“register”) + perusahaan (“company”)


tarif premi

Compound of tarif (“fee, rate”) + premi (“premium”).


persekutuan perdata

persekutuan (“partnership”) + perdata (“civil”), literally “civil partnership”, calque of Dutch burgerlijke maatschap.

(law) limited liability partnership; LLP


persekutuan firma

persekutuan (“partnership”) + firma (“firm”), calque of Dutch vennootschap onder firma.


penanaman modal asing

penanaman modal (“investment”) + asing (“foreign”), literally “foreign investment”, calque of English foreign investment.

com

foreign direct investment
foreign direct investment

(finance, economics) foreign investment; foreign direct investment


pemberi kuasa

From pemberi (“giver”) + kuasa, calque of Dutch lastgever.


penerima kuasa

penerima + kuasa, calque of Dutch lasthebber


kontraksi

From Dutch contractie, from Middle French contraction, from Old French contraction, from Latin contractiō.

(obstetrics) a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth.

(linguistics) a process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are lost or reduced, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word.


pembukuan

pêmbukuan (canonical)
pembukuan-pembukuan (plural)

Affixed buku + peng- -an, semantic loan from Dutch boekhouding.

(accounting) bookkeeping: the skill or practice of keeping books or systematic records of financial transactions, e.g. income and expenses.

(accounting) posting: an item inserted into a register, ledger or diary.


SMK

sekolah menengah kejuruan
sekolah menengah kejuruan#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah menengah kejuruan (“vocational high school”).


kauman

kaum + -an, from Javanese kauman (ꦏꦲꦸꦩꦤ꧀).

(Islam) an area where pious Muslim communities are concentrated.


batubara

(mining) alternative spelling of batu bara (“coal”).


pelengkap

(linguistics) a word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object.


komplemen

From Dutch complement, from Latin complementum (“that which fills up or completes”), from compleō (“I fill up, I complete”).


Lebaran

From Javanese lebaran (“Eid al-Fitr”, literally “completion”), lebar (“finish, complete, after”) + -an.


ketoprak

(drama) a theatrical genre of Java featuring actors who may also sing to the accompaniment of the gamelan, depicting stories mainly drawn from Javanese history plays, with improvised spoken dialogue in modern realistic acting and a clown who comments on current public topics.


menambang

(cryptocurrencies) To earn new units of cryptocurrency by doing certain calculations.


konsorsium

From English consortium, from Latin consortium, from consors, consortis.

(business) an association or combination of businesses, financial institutions, or investors, for the purpose of engaging in a joint venture.


Selam

→ Min Nan: 息坔

Borrowed from Betawi Selam, from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām).


persemakmuran

international relations
international relations

(international relations) Commonwealth: the Commonwealth of Nations, a loose confederation of nations based around the former British Empire.


anggaran pendapatan dan belanja

Compound of anggaran (“budget”) + pendapatan (“revenue”) + dan + belanja (“expenditure”).

compound

(finance, government) revenue and expenditure budget.


KPA

kuasa pengguna anggaran
kuasa pengguna anggaran#Indonesian

(government) Initialism of kuasa pengguna anggaran.

kredit pemilikan apartemen
kredit pemilikan apartemen#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of kredit pemilikan apartemen.


sampaku

From Japanese 三白(さんぱく) (sanpaku), from 三白眼(さんぱくがん) (sanpakugan).

(art) sanpaku: the presence of visible white space above or below the iris of the human eye, traditionally supposed in China to indicate physical or mental imbalance.


pengadilan tinggi

Compound of pengadilan (“court”) + tinggi (“high”), calque from Japanese 高等法院(こうとうほういん) (kōtōhōin, literally “higher + court”), term used in East Asia. Continuation of Dutch raad van justisie, Japanese 高等法院(こうとうほういん) (kōtōhōin, “appellate court”, literally “higher + court”), and Dutch appelraad (“appellate court”).


pengadilan negeri

Compound of pengadilan (“court”) + negeri (“district”), calque from Japanese 地方法院(ちほうほういん) (chihōhōin, “district court”), term used in East Asia. Continuation of Dutch landraad, Japanese 地方法院(ちほうほういん) (chihōhōin, “district court”), and Dutch landgerecht.


kewedanaan

Affixed wedana + ke- -an, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦼꦢꦤꦤ꧀ (kawedanan).

(government, historical) district: a former administrative division in Java, Dutch East Indies and Indonesia.


kota raya

Compound of kota (“city”) + raya (“big, grand”). Compare to Chinese 大都 (“Khanbalik”), Chinese 大城市 (“metropolitan”), Japanese 大都市(だいとし) (daitoshi, “metropolitan”).

(government, historical) A provincial autonomous city.


kota madya

(government, historical) city: a second-level urban administration division in Indonesia which had wali kota as chief executive.


kota praja

(government, historical) city, municipality: a second-level urban administration division in Indonesia which had wali kota as chief executive.


orang ketiga

Compound of orang (literally “party”) + ketiga (“third”).
# For grammar and linguistics senses, calque of Dutch derde persoon (“third person”).
# For sense of other man and other woman, probably calque from Chinese 第三者 (dìsānzhě, “the other man, the other women”, literally “third party”).


moneter

From Dutch monetair, from French monétaire, from Late Latin monētārius (“pertaining to money”), from Latin monētārius (“of a mint”), from monēta (“mint, coinage”).


variasi

From Dutch variatie, from Middle French variation, from Old French variacion, from Latin variātiō.
* Semantic loan from English variation.

(linguistics) a characteristic of language: there is more than one way of saying the same thing.


harmonik

(music) the place where, on a bowed string instrument, a note in the harmonic series of a particular string can be played without the fundamental present.


lettre de créance

Unadapted borrowing from French lettre de créance (“letter of credit; letter of credence, letters credential”).

ubor

(diplomacy) letter of credence, letters credential


aspek

From Dutch aspect. Cognate of Afrikaans aspek.

(grammar) a grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding.


hukum administrasi

(law) administrative law: the division of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government.


ilusi

From Dutch illusie, from French illusion, from Old French illusion, from Latin illūsiō, from illūdere, from in- (“at, upon”) + lūdere (“to play, mock, trick”).

(psychology, psychiatry) distortion of the senses, which can reveal how the human brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation


ventilasi

From Dutch ventilatie, from Middle French ventilation, from Old French ventilacion, from Late Latin ventilatio, from Latin ventilo.

(architecture) the mechanical system used to circulate and replace air.


wakaf

(Islam) waqf, religious endowment, endowment fund.


referensi

ré‧fê‧rèn‧si

From Dutch referentie, from French référence, presumably from Old French referer (14th century), anyway from Latin referre "to relate, refer", literally "to carry back", itself from re- "back" + ferre "to carry, bring".

(semantics) a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object.


program studi

Compound of program + studi, calque of Dutch studieprogramma.

(education) course: a learning programme, whether a single class or (UK) a major area of study.

(education) school: an organizational unit in a higher education institution which is dedicated to teach a specific subject area.


jurusan

Affixed jurus + -an, from Malay jurusan.
* Semantic loan from Dutch richting (“major, specialisation, subject, course”, literally “direction”) for the senses in education.

sl

(education) major: the principal subject or course of a student working toward a degree at a college or university.

(education) subject cluster, subject stream, track: subject grouping at secondary education.


akta kematian

death certificate
death certificate#English

(law) death certificate: a document issued by a registrar, certifying the date, location and cause of a person's death as later entered in an official register of deaths.


alleluya

From Dutch alleluja, from Latin allēlūia, from Ancient Greek ἀλληλούϊα (allēloúïa), from Hebrew הַלְלוּיָהּ (hal'luyáh, “Praise Yah”).

der

(Christianity, chiefly Catholicism) hallelujah.


diksi

From Dutch dictie, from Middle French diction, from Latin dictiō.

(linguistics) diction: choice and use of words, especially with regard to effective communication.


Zabur

(Islam) Zabur: the holy book of Daud (David), one of the holy books revealed by Allah before the Quran.

(dated, Christianity) Psalms: the first book of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third section of the Tanakh, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.


manajemen

Internationalism, from English management.

(Standard Malay)

(management) administration; the use of limited resources combined with forecasting, planning, leadership and execution skills to achieve predetermined specific goals.

(management) the executives of an organisation, especially senior executives.


pencakar langit

id-noun

pencakar langit (plural pencakar-pencakar langit)

→ Malay: pencakar langit

Compound of pencakar (“scratcher”) + langit (“sky”), coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono, calque of English skyscraper.

coinage

(architecture) skyscraper, a very tall building with a large number of floors.


pengusaha kena pajak

pengusaha (“entrepreneur”) + kena pajak (“taxable”)

compound

(taxation) taxable entrepreneur for VAT purpose


penghasilan kena pajak

Compound of penghasilan (“income”) + kena pajak (“taxable”), a calque of English taxable income.

com+

(taxation) taxable income (the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax)


wajib pajak

Compound of wajib (“oblige; shall”) + pajak (“tax”). Replaced Dutch belastingplichtig (“taxpayer”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

(taxation) taxpayer: a person who is subject to, liable for, or pays tax as opposed to a nontaxpayer who is neither the subject nor the object of revenue laws.


proses verbal

id-noun

proses verbal (plural proses-proses verbal)

From Dutch proces-verbaal, from French procès-verbal.

Synonym of berita acara (“complaint, law enforcement account or report”)


surat perintah penggeledahan

surat perintah (“warrant”) + penggeledahan (“search”), literally “search warrant”

compound

surat izin penggeledahan
surat izin penggeledahan

(law, Indonesia) search warrant: a document issued by police, authorizing the investigator(s) to search of a home and/or other privacy-protected place(s), notably to seek unlawful possessions, evidence etc. as part of a judicial inquiry. In a normal search, at execution the document shown together with surat izin penggeledahan.


surat izin penggeledahan

surat izin (“permit”) + penggeledahan (“search”), literally “searching permit”

(law, Indonesia) search warrant: permit issued by Head of District Court in the form of a warrant, authorizing the search of a home and/or other privacy-protected place(s), notably to seek unlawful possessions, evidence etc. as part of a judicial inquiry.


surat perintah

Compound of surat (“document”) + perintah (“order”), calque of Dutch bevelschrift. Compare to Chinese 令狀／令状 (“warrant, writ”, literally “order certificate”) or Japanese 令状(れいじょう) (reijō, “warrant, writ”).

zh-l

(law) a judicial writ authorizing an officer to make a search, seizure, or arrest, or to execute a judgment.


notenbalk

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch notenbalk (“musical stave”, literally “(musical) note beam, bar”).

ubor

(music) musical stave, set of lines to write notes on


ketuban pecah dini

Compound of ketuban (“amniotic fluid”) + pecah (“rupture”) + dini (“early”).

com

(pathology, obstetrics) premature rupture of the membranes: breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor.


banaspati

From Javanese ꦧꦤꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ (banaspati, “fire-demon”) (compare Balinese ᬩᬦᬲ᭄ᬧᬢᬶ (banaspati, “a lord of demon”)), from Old Javanese banaspati (“wood-devil; big tree”), from Sanskrit वनस्पति (vanaspati, “name of a gandharvī”).

der

(mythology) a kind of evil spirit with flame shapes like a fireball that often hovering in the night.


Uni Eropa

Compound of Uni + Eropa, from Dutch Europese Unie.

(politics) European Union: a supranational organisation, consisting of 27 member states, created in the 1950s to bring the nations of Europe into closer economic and political connection.


linguistik

From Dutch linguïstiek, from linguïst + -iek.

linguistics (the systematic and scholarly study of language)


linguistik

Of or relating to language or linguistics.

linguistic
Relating to a computer language.


leraian

(literature) dénouement; conclusion; resolution; unravelling.


produksi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch productie, from French production, from Latin prōductiō, prōductiōnem (“a lengthening, prolonging”). Equivalent to produk + -si.

production (the act of producing, making or creating something)


imparsial

From English impartial, from French impartial.

(law) impartial: treating all parties, rivals, or disputants equally; not partial; not biased.


valuasi

From Dutch valuatie, from Middle French valuation, noun of action from valuer, from Old French valoir, from Latin valēre.

(finance) valuation: an estimation of something's worth; the process of estimating the value of a financial asset or liability.


caturwulan

Affixed catur- (“four”) + wulan (“month”), calque of Latin quadrimestris. Compare to French quadrimestre.

(education, historical) the previous school term in Indonesia, one third of a school year, consist of four months period.


fardu

From Arabic فَرْض (farḍ, “obligation”). Doublet of perlu.

(Islam) a duty or obligation believing Muslims must practice


tata negara

Compound of tata + negara.
* The term was used to translate Japanese 国体(こくたい) (kokutai, “the character of the nation; national polity”).

ja-r

(government) constitution: the formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.


pindapata

From Pali piṇḍapāta, from Sanskrit पिण्ड (piṇḍa, “food, sustenance”) + पात (pāta).


barang siapa

Compound of barang (“marker of indefiniteness”) + siapa (“who”), from Malay barang siapa. The sense in law was coined to translate Dutch Hij Die.

Barangsiapa yang secara melawan hukum di muka umum dengan lisan, tulisan, dan atau melalui media apapun, menyebarkan atau mengembangkan ajaran Komunisme/Marxisme-Leninisme dalam segala bentuk dan perwujudan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 (dua belas) tahun.

Whoever unlawfully disseminates or develops the Communist/Marxist-Leninist ideology publicly in any way, shape or form through oral, textual, or any other media, will be imprisoned for a maximum time of 12 (twelve) years.


kuotasi

(trading) quotation: a price that has been quoted for buying or selling; the act of setting a price.


nilai tukar

Compound of nilai (“mark”) + tukar (“exchange”), calque of Dutch wisselkoers (“exchange rate”).


kurtase

From Dutch courtage, from French courtage.

(trading) commission: a fee charged by an agent or broker for carrying out a transaction.


merek dagang

Compound of merek (“brand”) + dagang (“trade”), calque of Dutch handelsmerk (“trademark”).


neraca perdagangan

Compound of neraca (“balance”) + perdagangan (“trade”), calque of Dutch handelsbalans.

com

(trading) balance of trade, trade balance, commercial balance: the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time.


neraca ekspor-impor

Compound of neraca (“balance”) + ekspor (“export”) + impor (“import”).

neraca perdagangan
neraca perdagangan#Indonesian


neraca pembayaran

Compound of neraca (“balance”) + pembayaran (“payment”), calque of Dutch betalingsbalans.

(trading) balance of payments: a measure of all flows of money into and out of a country including payments for goods and services and capital flows.


balikan

(music) musical instrument from West Kalimantan, long in shape, wide on the right side, small and tapered in the middle, the widened ends are thinner, played by plucking, made by the Dayak tribe in the Kapuas Hulu area


lembaran neraca

id-noun

lembaran neraca (plural lembaran-lembaran neraca)

Compound of lembaran (“sheet”) + neraca (“balance”), calque of English balance sheet


pasar rakyat

pasar (“market”) + rakyat (“people”), literally “people's market”.


pelaku usaha

Compound of pelaku (“doer”) + usaha (“business”), literally “someone or something who doing business”.


ganti rugi

Compound of ganti + rugi (“loss”), literally “loss compensation”, calque from Chinese 賠償／赔偿 (péicháng).

(insurance) a principle of insurance which provides that when a loss occurs, the insured should be restored to the approximate financial condition occupied before the loss occurred, no better, no worse.


produsen

From Dutch producent, from Latin producens.

(economics) producer: an individual or organization that creates goods and services.


pengadilan agung

Compound of pengadilan (“court”) + agung (“supreme”), calque from Japanese 最高法院(さいこうほういん) (saikōhōin, “supreme court”), term used in East Asia, except for Japanese home islands, 最高裁判所(さいこうさいばんしょ) (saikōsaibansho). Continuation of Dutch hooggerechtshof (“supreme court”). Displaced by mahkamah agung.

ja-r

Persidangan pertama di Pengadilan Tinggi ini berlangsung di Banco Court di Pengadilan Agung (Supreme Court) di Melbourne pada 6 Oktober 1903.

The first sitting of the High Court took place in the Banco Court of the Supreme Court in Melbourne on 6 October 1903.

Pada Rabu (22/11/2023), pihak kurator Horizonte, yaitu David Griffin dan Nicholas James Gronow, yang diangkat oleh Pengadilan Agung Kepulauan Cayman sebagai pemohon pailit, telah mengajukan bukti-bukti kepada majelis hakim Pengadilan Niaga Semarang.

Oentoek sementara waktoe, pekerdjaan Saikoo Hooin (Pengadilan Agoeng) den Saikoo Kensatu Kyuku (Kedjaksaan Pengadilan Agoeng) dihentikan, serta hal-hal jang termasoek dalam kekoeasaannja dioeroes menoeroet atoeran pasal 2 sampai pasal 6.

(historical, law) supreme court: a court of law which represents the highest legal authority within a jurisdiction.


oligark

Borrowed from Dutch oligarch, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀλιγάρχης (oligárkhēs).


hak memesan efek terlebih dahulu

Compound of hak (“right”) + memesan (“to order”) + efek (“security”) + terlebih dahulu (“foremost”), literally “right to order securities before anyone else”. Compare to Japanese 新株予約権(しんかぶよやくけん) (shinkabu yoyaku-ken, “new share promissory right”).


genesa

From Dutch genese (“genesis”), from Latin genesis, from Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source, beginning, nativity, generation, production, creation”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth, production”), from *ǵenh₁-.

der

Genesa batubara.


bahan galian

bahan (“material”) + galian, calque of Dutch [Term?]


persejajaran bentuk

persejajaran baris
persejajaran baris#Indonesian


paksa badan

paksa (“to force”) + badan (“body”), literally “to force a body”, from Dutch gijzeling.


sandera badan

sandera + badan (“body”), from Dutch gijzeling.

(law, dated) Synonym of paksa badan (“imprisonment for civil debt”)


penyanderaan

sandera (“hostage”) + peng- -an, calque of Dutch gijzeling.


Jauza

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْجَوْزَاء (al-jawzāʔ).

bor+

اَلْجَوْزَاء


permainan video

video game (a type of game, existing as and controlled by software)


ihtiyat

Borrowed from Arabic اِحْتِيَاط (iḥtiyāṭ), from صَلَاة الِاحْتِيَاط (ṣalāt al-iḥtiyāṭ)

(Islam) a precaution taken in determining prayer times by adding or subtracting time so as not to precede the start of the prayer time and not to exceed the end of the prayer time


rencana pelajaran

Compound of rencana (“plan”) + pelajaran (“teaching”), a calque of Dutch leerplan (“curriculum”, literally “teaching plan”).


kurikulum

From English curriculum, from Latin curriculum (“course”).


gimnasium

From Dutch gymnasium (“a type of school”), from Latin gymnasium, from Ancient Greek γυμνάσιον (gumnásion, “exercise, school”).
* The sense of indoor sport place is a semantic loan from English gymnasium.

der

(education) a type of secondary school (for 12 to 18 year-olds) which prepares students for university or vocational school, and which offers classes in Latin and/or Greek.


akuene

(dance, drama) shield in Cakalele dance.


RAB

(accounting) Initialism of rencana anggaran belanja (“budget estimate plan”).


wewenang

wêwênang (canonical)
wewenang-wewenang (plural)

Reduplication of wenang, borrowed from Javanese ꦮꦼꦮꦼꦤꦁ (wewenang, “privilege”). Semantic loan from Dutch bevoegdheid.


kewenangan

id-noun

kêwênangan (countable and uncountable, plural kewenangan-kewenangan)

kêwênangan (canonical)
kewenangan-kewenangan (plural)

(law) authority (power to enforce rules or give orders)


delik aduan

Compound of delik (“delict”) + aduan (“complaint”), calque of Dutch klachtdelict (literally “complaint delict”).

cal

(law) a type of crime requiring a complaint from a victim in order to be prosecuted


alat terakhir

Compound of alat (“tool”) + terakhir (“last”), coined by Indonesian legal expert Sudikno Mertokusumo in 1996.


penemuan hukum

penemuan + hukum (“law”), calque of Dutch rechtsvinding.


surat ketetapan pajak

surat (“document”) + ketetapan (“determination”) + pajak (“tax”), literally “document of tax determination”


surat paksa

surat (“document”) + paksa (“to force”), literally “document to force something”


surat pemberitahuan

surat (“document”) + pemberitahuan (“notice”), literally “notice document”.
* Replaced Dutch aangiftebiljet (“tax return”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.


pembuat undang-undang

pembuat (“maker”) + undang-undang, calque of Dutch wetgever.


perwakilan negara asing

perwakilan (“representative”) + negara asing (“foreign country”)

com

(diplomacy) foreign country representatives


kesengajaan

kêsêngajaan (canonical)
kesengajaan-kesengajaan (plural)

Affixed sengaja + ke- -an. Semantic loan from Dutch opzet for civil law sense.


kealpaan

Affixed alpa + ke- -an. Semantic loan from Dutch schuld.


delik biasa

Compound of delik (“delict”) + biasa (“regular”), calque of Dutch gewone delict.


percobaan

pêrcobaan (canonical)
percobaan-percobaan (plural)

Affixed coba (“try”) + per- -an. Semantic loan from Dutch poging (“attempt”).

sl

attempt: the action of trying at something.


alur cerita

Compound of alur (“line”) + cerita (“story”), calque of Dutch verhaallijn (“storyline”).

clq

(literature) plot, storyline: the course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means.


jalan cerita

Compound of jalan (“road, way”) + cerita (“story”).

(literature) plot, storyline (the course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means)


JKP

(taxation) Initialism of jasa kena pajak (“taxable service”).


BKP

(taxation) Initialism of barang kena pajak (“taxable good(s)”).


pemberitahuan impor barang

pemberitahuan (“notice”) + impor (“import”) + barang (“good”), literally “notice to import good(s)”


surat setoran pajak

surat (“document”) + setoran (“deposit”) + pajak (“tax”), literally “document of deposited tax”


surat perintah pencairan dana

surat perintah + pencairan (“disbursement”) + dana (“fund”)


kekuatan lunak

Compound of kekuatan (“power”) + lunak (“soft”), calque of English soft power.

(politics) soft power: political influence that is extended by means of diplomacy, media, international assistance, cultural exchanges, etc., rather than by such "hard" means as military intervention or punitive economic measures.


resesi

Affixed reses + -si, from Dutch recessie, from Latin recessus (“a going back, retreat”), from recessum, the past participle of recedere (“to recede”), from re- (“back”) + cedere (“to go”).

der

(economics) recession: period of reduced economic activity.


pemandangan umum

Compound of pemandangan (“view; knowledge; description”) + umum (“general”).

com+

(law, obsolete) general, a section in a legislation


rekayasa sosial

id-noun

rekayasa sosial (plural rekayasa-rekayasa sosial)

Compound of rekayasa (“engineering”) + sosial (“social”), coined by Indonesian linguist Anton Moedardo Moeliono, calque of English social engineering. Replaced permesinan sosial.

coinage

(sociology, political science) social engineering


arababu

From Arabic الرَبَابَة (ar-rabāba). Doublet of rebab.


angratmil

angkutan darat
angkutan darat#Indonesian

(military) short for angkutan darat militer (“military land transport”).


teokrasi

téokrasi (canonical)
teokrasi-teokrasi (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch theocratie, from French théocratie, from Ancient Greek θεοκρατία (theokratía).


artileri pertahanan udara

Compound of artileri (“artillery”) + pertahanan (“defense”) + udara (“air”).


bahasa tonal

Compound of bahasa + *tonal, calque of English tonal language.

(linguistics) tonal language: languages which use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously to consonants and vowels


BBLR

(obstetrics) initialism of berat badan lahir rendah (“low birth weight: birth weight of an infant of 2,499 g (5 lb 8.1 oz) or less, regardless of gestational age”).


JPU

jaksa penuntut umum
jaksa penuntut umum#Indonesian

(law) initialism of jaksa penuntut umum (“public prosecutor”).


jaksa penuntut umum

Compound of jaksa (“attorney”) + penuntut (“prosecutor”) + umum (“general, public”).


labfor

(law enforcement) short for laboratorium forensik (“forensic laboratory”).


labkrim

(law enforcement) short for laboratorium kriminal (“crime laboratory”).


perpu

peraturan pemerintah
peraturan pemerintah#Indonesian

(law, government) acronym of peraturan pemerintah pengganti undang-undang (literally “legislation-replacement government (administrative) law”).


peraturan pemerintah

Compound of peraturan (“law”) + pemerintah (“government (executive)”).

(law) central government administrative law


ujian akhir semester

Compound of ujian akhir (“final examination”) + semester (“semester”).


halusinasi

From Dutch hallucinatie, from French hallucination, from Latin hallucinātiō.

(psychology, psychiatry) hallucination: a sensory perception of something that does not exist.


petunjuk pelaksanaan

Compound of petunjuk + pelaksanaan. Originally term used in military, become widespread in 1960s.

(military) execution guidance; execution regulation


kewiraan

(education, dated) soldiership, a militaristic civic education subject


bedak mandi

Compound of bedak (“powder”) + mandi (“bath”).


bekangdam

(military) short for perbekalan angkutan daerah militer (“military area transport supply”).


BSNP

(business) Initialism of Badan Nasional Sertifikasi Profesi (“National Professional Certification Agency”).


bunga mengambang

Compound of bunga (“interest; rate”, literally “flower”) + mengambang (“floating”).

com

(economics) floating rate: an rate, usually interest or exchange values,that moves up and down with the rest of the market or along with an index - sometimes called a variable interest rate because it can vary over the duration of the term.


bunga tetap

Compound of bunga (“interest; rate”, literally “flower”) + tetap (“fixed”).


calir tangan

Compound of calir (“lotion”) + tangan (“hand”), calque of English hand lotion.


tamtama

From Javanese ꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦩ (tamtama, “selected soldier”), from Old Javanese tama (“mastered thoroughly, potent”), from Sanskrit तम (tama, “most desired”).

der

(military, law enforcement) enlisted: those individuals who have enlisted in the military and who are not commissioned officers.


cek cacat

Compound of cek (“cheque”) + cacat (“defect”).


delik culpa

(law) Alternative spelling of delik kulpa (“negligence delict”)


demonetisasi

From Dutch demonetisatie, from French démonétisation.

(economics) demonetization: the act or process of demonetizing.


eksplikatif

From English explicative, from Latin explicātīvus, from explicō (“to unfold, open out”).


hamil anggur

Compound of hamil (“pregnant”) + anggur (“grape”).