cat

paint (a substance that is applied as a liquid or paste, and dries into a solid coating that protects or adds color/colour to an object or surface to which it has been applied)


cat

(transitive) to paint
to apply paint to.

to apply in the manner that paint is applied.

to cover (something) with spots of colour, like paint.


barter

id-noun

barter (countable and uncountable, plural barter-barter)

barter (the goods or services used in such an exchange)


ablaut

From English ablaut, from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”).

ablaut (substitution of one root vowel for another)


abstain

(politics) to abstain (to deliberately refrain from casting one's vote at a meeting where one is present)


avatar

From English avatar, from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”). Doublet of awatara.

der

(Hinduism) avatar (the incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu)


FTP

(education) Initialism of fakultas teknologi pertanian.


PM

polisi militer
polisi militer#Indonesian

(military, law enforcement) initialism of polisi militer (“military police”).

perdana menteri
perdana menteri#Indonesian

(politics, government) initialism of perdana menteri (“prime minister”).


mandat

From Dutch mandaat, from Middle Dutch mandaet, from Old French mandat, from Latin mandātum.

mandate (the authority to do something or to act)


bot

bot:
(science fiction) a physical robot.


aria

From Dutch aria, from Italian aria, metathesis from Latin āerem, accusative of āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).

(music) aria (a type of musical piece written typically for a solo voice)


NATO

international relations
international relations

(international relations, military, politics) NATO


Israel

From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.

A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean

(biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people

(historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel

(historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah


bank

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch bank (“bank”). Doublet of bangku.

ubor

Bank Internasional untuk Pemulihan dan Pembangunan

Bank Internasional untuk Rekonstruksi dan Pembangunan

(banking, finance) an institution where one can place and borrow money and take care of financial affairs.


SIM

(management) Acronym of sistem informasi manajemen.


mi

From Latin mīra, from the first word of the third line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.

(music) mi, a syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale.


tuba

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”).

der

(music) tuba: A large brass musical instrument, usually in the bass range, played through a vibration of the lips upon the mouthpiece and fingering of the keys.


sol

From Dutch sol, the first syllable of Latin solve (“to remove, get rid of”), the first word of the fifth line, third verse (“Solve polluti, labii reatum”, that is, “Clean the guilt from our stained lips”) of the famed medieval hymn Ut queant laxis, which solfège was based on because its lines started on each note of the scale successively.

in a movable-do or tonic sol-fa system: the fifth step in a scale, preceded by fa and followed by la.

in a fixed-do system: the musical note G.


not

From Dutch noot, from Middle Dutch note, from Old French note, from Latin nota. Doublet of nota.

(music) note, a character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch.


om

From Sanskrit ओं (oṃ) or औं (auṃ) or ॐ (oṃ). Cognate with Balinese ᬒᬁ.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) om: a sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


MA

madrasah aliah
madrasah aliah#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of madrasah aliah.

mahkamah agung
mahkamah agung#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of mahkamah agung (“supreme court”).


SE

(law, government) Initialism of surat edaran (“circular letter”).

sertifikat ekspor
sertifikat ekspor#Indonesian

(business) Initialism of sertifikat ekspor (“export certificate”).


AB

anggaran belanja
anggaran belanja#Indonesian

(finance, government, management) Initialism of anggaran belanja.

angkatan bersenjata
angkatan bersenjata#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of angkatan bersenjata.

administrasi bisnis
administrasi bisnis#Indonesian

(business, management) Initialism of administrasi bisnis.


SI

(historical, politics) Initialism of Sarekat Islam.


TA

tahun akademik
tahun akademik#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of tahun akademik.

tahun anggaran
tahun anggaran#Indonesian


TA

(education, colloquial) Initialism of titip absen.


KY

(government) initialism of komisi yudisial (“judicial commission”).


slang

(linguistics) slang, unconventional language.


lingua franca

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lingua franca.

ubor

bahasa perantara
bahasa perantara#Indonesian

(linguistics) Synonym of bahasa perantara


PBB

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
w:id:Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

(international relations, politics) Initialism of Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (“United Nations”).

Partai Bulan Bintang
w:id:Partai Bulan Bintang

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Bulan Bintang (literally “Crescent Star Party”).


kamus

Inherited from Malay kamus, from Arabic قَامُوس (qāmūs), from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós).

a reference work with a list of words from one or more languages, normally ordered alphabetically, explaining each word's meaning, and sometimes containing information on its etymology, pronunciation, usage, translations, and other data.

any work that has a list of material organized alphabetically; e.g., biographical dictionary, encyclopedic dictionary.


Islam

From Malay Islam, from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām).


verbal

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verbālis. Doublet of perbal.

(linguistics) verbal (pertaining to verbs)


sat

(law enforcement) Clipping of satuan (“unit”).


basis

From Dutch basis, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basa.

(military) headquarter: permanent structure for housing military.


UN

ujian nasional
ujian nasional#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of ujian nasional.


UK

uji kompetensi
uji kompetensi#Indonesian

(education, management) Initialism of uji kompetensi.

uji kesetaraan
uji kesetaraan#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of uji kesetaraan.


pos

From Dutch post (“post”), from Middle French poste, from Italian posta, posto, from Latin postus, from positus. Cognate to Malay pos.


mana

From Late Latin manna, from Ancient Greek μάννα (mánna), from Hebrew מן (mān, “'manna”).

(biblical) manna: Food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus.


organ

From Dutch orgaan, from Middle Dutch organe, from Latin organum, from Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon).

(music) a musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.


laissez faire

Unadapted borrowing from French leave it be (literally “let do”).


manga

From Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Doublet of manhua and manhwa.

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


gender

gêndèr (canonical)
gender-gender (plural)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦂ (gendèr), from Old Javanese gĕnder.


instrumental

Borrowed from Dutch instrumentaal, from French instrumental, from Medieval Latin īnstrūmentālis.

(music) pertaining to, made by, or prepared for an instrument, especially a musical instrument (rather than the human voice).

(linguistics) applied to a case expressing means or agency.


kata

From Malay kata, from Pali kathā, from Sanskrit कथा (kathā, “speech; story”).

(linguistics) word: (the smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language)


ADP

arah dasar pengukuran
arah dasar pengukuran#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of arah dasar pengukuran.


void

(law) void: of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification.


void

(architecture) void: An empty space between floors or walls, including false separations and planned gaps between a building and its facade.


FF

(education) Initialism of fakultas farmasi.


petroleum

petroleum (canonical)
pétroléum (canonical)

From Dutch petroleum, from Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).


dam

From Arabic دَم (dam, “blood”), from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

(Islam) fine (a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law)


accelerando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian accelerando (“accelerating”).

(music) accelerando: with a gradual increase in speed.


si

(law enforcement) aphetic form of seksi (“section”)


ti

Borrowed from English ti, from alteration of si, made so that every note of solfège would begin with a different letter.

(music) ti (a syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale)


halal

Inherited from Malay halal, from Classical Malay halal, from Arabic حَلَال (ḥalāl).

(Islam) permissible, according to Muslim religious customs, to have or do


apron

Internationalism, borrowed from English apron.

(fashion) an article of clothing worn over the front of the torso and/or legs for protection from spills; also historically worn by Freemasons and as part of women's fashion.

(drama) the portion of a stage extending towards the audience beyond the proscenium arch in a theatre.


sel

Borrowed from Dutch cel (“cell”), from Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

cell
a small room or compartment
cloister cell


Allah

From Malay Allah, from Classical Malay Allah (“Allah; God”); from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.

Akulah TUHAN (YHWH), Allahmu (your God), yang membawa engkau keluar dari tanah Mesir, dari tempat perbudakan. (Keluaran 20:2)

I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. (Exodus 20:2)


kopi

* From Dutch kopie, from French copie, from Medieval Latin copia (“reproduction, transcript”), from Latin cōpia (“plenty, abundance”), from *coopia, from co- (“together”) + ops (“wealth, riches”).
* From Dutch kopij (“manuscript”), variant of kopie, see above.


front

An area where armies are engaged in conflict, especially the line of contact.


papa

From Sanskrit पाप (pāpa, “bad, evil, low”).


roman

From Malay roman, from Dutch roman, from French roman, from Old French romanz (“common language (as opposed to Latin)”), from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in the way of the Romans (as opposed to the Franks)”), from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, longer than a novella.


slip

From English slip, from Middle English slyp, slep, slyppe, from Old English slyp, slyppe, slipa (“a viscous, slimy substance”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sleupaną (“to slip, sneak”), possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European *slewb-, *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to sneak, crawl”); or alternatively from Proto-Germanic *slippijaną (“to glide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to glide”).

(archaeology, ceramics) slip: a thin, slippery mix of clay and water.


pater

From Dutch pater, from Latin pater, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.


frater

fratêr (canonical)
frater-frater (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch frater, from Latin frāter, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Doublet of bruder.

(Catholicism) a candidate for priesthood


abbas

Unadapted borrowing from Latin abbas (“abbot”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”), from Proto-Semitic *ʾab- (“father”). Doublet of aba and abu.


trailer

From Dutch trailer, from English trailer.

(film) trailer, a preview of a film, video game or TV show.


lento

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lento, from Latin lentus.


semester

From Dutch semester, from German Semester, from New Latin sēmestris ("lasting six months"), from sex (“six”) + mēnsis (“month”).

(education) half of a school year or academic year.

semester:
half of a school year or academic year.


trimester

From Dutch trimester, from French trimestre, from Latin trimestris (“of three months”), from trēs (“three”) + mensis (“month”).

trimester: a period of three months or about three months.

(obstetrics) divisions of pregnancy period, each lasting for approximately 3 months.


tender

tèndêr (canonical)
tender-tender (plural)

From Dutch tender: from English tender, from Middle English tendren, from Old French tendre (“stretch out”), from Latin tendere.

(trading) tender, anything which is offered, proffered, put forth or bid with the expectation of a response, answer, or reply.


IP

ilmu pemerintahan
ilmu pemerintahan#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of ilmu pemerintahan.

indeks prestasi
indeks prestasi#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of indeks prestasi.


ATM

anjungan tunai mandiri
anjungan tunai mandiri#Indonesian

automated teller machine
automated teller machine

(banking) Initialism of anjungan tunai mandiri (“automated teller machine”).

anjungan transaksi mandiri
anjungan transaksi mandiri#Indonesian

(banking) Initialism of anjungan transaksi mandiri (“automated teller machine”).


leger

(education) a ledger, the marking register.


ter

Learned borrowing from Latin ter (“thrice”).


balustrade

From Dutch balustrade, from French balustrade, from Italian balaustrata.

(architecture) balustrade: a row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.


som

From Dutch zoom (“hem; edge, border”), from Middle Dutch sôom, from Old Dutch *sōm, from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz (“that which is sewn”).

der

(sewing, colloquial) seam (folded back and stitched piece of fabric)


santo

Borrowed from Portuguese santo (“male saint”), from Old Galician-Portuguese santo, from Latin sānctus, perfect passive participle of sanciō (“consecrate, appoint as sacred”), from Proto-Indo-European *sān- (“healthy, happy”).


administrator

From Dutch administrator (“administrator”), from Latin administrator (“administrator”).

(government, management, politics) one who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager


mezzo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo, from Latin medius.


agape

From Ancient Greek ἀγάπη (agápē, “love; the love between man and God; Christian love feasts”).

(Catholicism) agape, love; the love between man and God; Christian love feasts.


register

régistêr (canonical)
register-register (plural)

From Dutch register, from Middle Dutch register, from Old French registre, from Medieval Latin registrum.

(printing) the exact alignment of lines, margins and colors.


alibi

Borrowed from Dutch alibi, from Latin alibī (“elsewhere, at another place”).

(law) the plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed.


Injil

From Malay injil, from Arabic إِنْجِيل (ʔinjīl), ultimately from Ancient Greek εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion). Doublet of evangeli.

Inilah Injil Yesus Kristus menurut Matius / Markus / Lukas / Yohanes

A reading from the Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Matthew / Mark / Luke / John


wanita

id-noun

wanita (plural wanita-wanita or para wanita)

wanita-wanita (plural)
para wanita (plural)

→ Malay: wanita


carillon

Unadapted borrowing from French carillon.

ubor

(music) carillon: a set of bells, often in a bell tower, sometimes operated by means of a keyboard (manual or pedal), originating from the Low Countries.


jantan

From Malay jantan, from Old Javanese jantĕn.


kawan

From Malay kawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban.

Hanya beberapa orang pemimpin PKI berhasil menyelamatkan diri ke luar negeri, di antaranya anggota Central Comite PKI, Kawan Musso.

Only several PKI leaders succeeded in saving themselves by traveling abroad, one of them being Comrade Musso, a member of the Central Committee of the PKI.


meja

From Malay meja, from Portuguese mesa (“table”), from Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin mēnsa.


tinggi

From Malay tinggi, from Sanskrit तुङ्ग (tuṅga, “high”).

(phonetics) made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate.


yang

From Malay yang, from Proto-Malayic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hiaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiaŋ.

(Hinduism) hyang: An unseen spirit with supernatural powers, in ancient Indonesian mythology.


USB

(education) Initialism of unit sekolah baru (“new school unit”).


anak

From Malay anak, from Classical Malay انق (anak), from Proto-Malayic *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.


acara

From Malay acara, from Classical Malay اچارا (acara), from Sanskrit आचार (ācāra), from the root चर् (car), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”). Doublet of acaram and ajar.
* The sense of court examination is a learned borrowing from Old Javanese ācāra (“custom, practice”) as a semantic loan from Dutch proces (“trial court”, literally “process, procedure”).


antologi

From Dutch anthologie, from French anthologie, from Ancient Greek ἀνθολογία (anthología, “collection of flowers”).

der

(literature) anthology (collection of literary works)


cuti

From Malay cuti, from Hindi छुट्टी (chuṭṭī, “release; leave; holiday, vacation; break”).

(rare) to have holiday, to have vacation


dasar

Inherited from Malay dasar, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ðsar. Compare Javanese ꦝꦱꦂ (dhasar), Old Javanese ḍasar (“base, bottom; workshop”).

cog

(linguistics) a morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.


median

From Dutch mediaan, from Latin medianus (“of or pertaining to the middle”, adjective), from medius (“middle”) (see medium), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Doublet of madya.

der

(printing, dated) mediaan, a former Nederland paper size, 470 mm × 560 mm.


ADHD

gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas

(colloquial, neurology, psychiatry, psychology) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD


bum

(economics, business) boom (a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity)


prop

From English prop (“property”), or a clipping of properti.

(art) property, an item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.


kala

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

(grammar) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

(linguistics, grammar, countable) An inflected form of a verb that indicates tense.


PSP

pemegang saham pengendali
pemegang saham pengendali#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of pemegang saham pengendali (“controlling stakeholder”).


novel

From Dutch novelle, from Italian novella, from Latin novella, feminine of novellus. Doublet of novela and novelet.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, longer than a novella.


umlaut

From English umlaut, from German Umlaut in the 19ᵗʰ century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”).


rok

(music) rock, a style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals.


morendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian morendo.


prestissimo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian prestissimo.


moderato

Unadapted borrowing from Italian moderato.


cantabile

Unadapted borrowing from Italian cantabile.

(music) cantabile, singingly, lyrically.


crescendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian crescendo, from Latin crēscendum (“increasing, growing”), gerund of crēscō.

der

(music) crescendo: An instruction to play gradually more loudly, denoted by a long, narrow angle with its apex on the left ( < ).


fortissimo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian fortissimo.


pianissimo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian pianissimo.


allegretto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian allegretto.


PDB

produk domestik bruto
produk domestik bruto#Indonesian

(economics) Initialism of produk domestik bruto.


epistola

èpistola (canonical)
epistola-epistola (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin epistola, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ), from ἐπιστέλλω (epistéllō, “I send a message”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I prepare, send”).

(Christianity) nonstandard spelling of epistel (“epistle”).


adagio

Borrowed from English adagio, from Italian adagio.

(music) a tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully

adagio
(music) a passage having this mark

(dance) a male-female duet or mixed trio ballet displaying demanding balance, spins and/or lifts


tenor

* From Dutch tenor, from Italian tenore, from Latin tenor.
* Semantic loan from English tenor for sense of time to maturity of a bond.

(music) a musical range or section higher than bass and lower than alto.

(music) a person, instrument or group that performs in the tenor (higher than bass and lower than alto) range.

tenor:
(finance) time to maturity of a bond.


agio

From Dutch agio, from Italian aggio, from Old Occitan aize, from Vulgar Latin *adjace(m), from Latin adjacēns, present participle of adjaceō (compare Medieval Latin in aiace).


ala

(law) land, with the owner or descendants still have the main rights in that land.


ego

From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of eke.


din

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


palisade

palisadê (canonical)
palisade-palisade (plural)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch palissade, from French palissade.

(military) a wall of wooden stakes, used as a defensive barrier.


les

Borrowed from Dutch les (“course, lesson”), from Middle Dutch lesse, from Latin lēctiō.

bor+

(education, colloquial) cram school, private tuition.


les

(education, colloquial) to cram, to study hard, to learn at cram school.


kondom

From Dutch condoom, from English condom.
* The sense of protective case or cover is comparable to the Dutch synonym kous (“condom, mantle”, literally “stocking, sock”).

(literal) condom: A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STDs.


dos-à-dos

Unadapted borrowing from French dos-à-dos (literally “back-to-back”).

ubor

(dance) dos a dos: a move in square dancing in which two dancers face each other, then step forward and left until they have right shoulders adjacent, then move to a position where they are back to back, then move to have left shoulders adjacent, then return to facing each other.


skala

From Dutch schaal (“scale”) or Portuguese escala, form Latin scala.

(Standard Malay)

(music) A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.


politik

From Malay politik, from Dutch politiek (“politics”), from French politique, from Ancient Greek πολιτική (politikḗ, “relating to the state; politics”), πόλις (pólis, “city, state”). By analogy with Aristotle’s "τα πολιτικά" ('affairs of state').

der

(politics) a methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement.


visum

From Dutch visum, from Latin visum (“something seen”).

visum et repertum
visum et repertum#Indonesian

(colloquial, medicine, law) short for visum et repertum (“coroner report/professional witness statement”, literally “seen and discovered”).


senator

Borrowed from Dutch senator, from Latin senātor, ultimately from senex (“old”).

(government) a member, normally elected, in the house or chamber of a legislature called a senate, as, for instance, the legislatures of the United States and Canada.


siap

From Malay siap, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *srap (“ready, prepared”) (compare Khmer ស្រាប់ (srap, “ready”) and Vietnamese sắp. Compare to Japanese 気(き)を付(つ)け (kiotsuke, “attention”) and Malay sedia for military command.

(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position.


plot

From Dutch plot, from English plot, from Middle English plot, plotte, from Old English plot (“a plot of ground”), from Proto-Germanic *plataz, *platjaz (“a patch”), of uncertain origin.


misa

From Malay misa, borrowed from Portuguese missa (“mass”), from Old Galician-Portuguese missa, from Late Latin missa (“mass”), from Latin mittō (“I send”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange, remove”). Doublet of mes.


bea

zh-l

傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

→ Min Nan: 傌仔／㐷仔 (bé-á)

Inherited from Malay bea, from Javanese ꦧꦺꦪ (béya), from Old Javanese beya, from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya). Doublet of biaya.
* Displaced Dutch recht (“a formal fee, custom, duty to be paid”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(law, government) customs: the duties or taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.


matra

From Sanskrit मात्रा (mātrā, “measure”). Doublet of meter.
* Displaced Dutch dimensie (“dimension”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

matra,
(music) a measure of cadence pressure.


model

From Dutch model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus. Doublet of mode, modern, modul, and modus.

doublet

(psychology) role model, a person who serves as an example, whose behavior is emulated by others


bayonet

From Dutch bajonet, from French baïonnette.

(military) a pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.


guru

From Malay guru, ultimately Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “guru, teacher, sage”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”). Doublet of brutal and bruto.

der

(education) teacher: a person who teaches, especially one employed in a school.

specifically, graduate of teacher professional education.


pastor

From Dutch pastoor, from Middle Dutch pastōor, from Latin pāstor, from pāscō (“to feed, maintain, pasture, graze”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”).

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) parish priest


master

id-noun

mastêr (plural master-master or para master)

mastêr (canonical)
master-master (plural)
para master (plural)

From Dutch master. Doublet of maestro, magister, and mester.

doublet

(education) master (a type of postgraduate degree, usually undertaken after a bachelor degree)


lateral

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

(phonetics, phonology) pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage.


lateral

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)

(phonetics, phonology) A sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral).


panel

berpanel

panelled, having a panel; having a board

(comics) panel (an individual frame or drawing in a comic)


hentai

From English hentai, a semantic shift from Japanese 変態(へんたい) (hentai, “pervert”).


imam

From Malay imam, from Arabic إمام (ʔimām, “leader, imam”).


surat

(Islam) alternative form of surah (“sura”).


pilar

From Dutch pilaar, from Medieval Latin pīlāre, from Latin pīla (“a pillar”).

(architecture) a large post, often used as supporting architecture.


atrium

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.


junta

(politics) junta: a council, convention, tribunal or assembly; the ruling council of a military dictatorship.


motif

From Dutch motief, from Middle Dutch motijf, from Old French motif (Modern French motif), from Late Latin mōtivus.

(music, literature) A short melodic or lyrical passage that is repeated in several parts of a work.

(law) motive (something which causes someone to want to commit a crime; a reason for criminal behaviour)


rondo

From Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of raun, ronda, and ronde.

(music) rondo: a musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.


sima

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese sīma, from Sanskrit सीमा (sīmā, “limit, bounds, frontier”).

der

(archaeology) territory that is made or has a holy place and is exempt from taxes


situs

site:
(archaeology) archaeological site.


bait

Inherited from Malay bait, from Arabic بَيْت (bayt), from Proto-Semitic *bayt-.

(literature) couplet (a pair of lines in poetry)

(literature) stanza (a unit of a poem, often in the form of a paragraph)


lot

→ Balinese: ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “lottery”)

From Dutch lot, from Proto-Germanic *hlutą.


mime

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch mime, from French mime, from Latin mimus, from Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos).


viral

(advertising, marketing, social media) circulated rapidly and widely from one user to another.


FT

(education) Initialism of fakultas teknik.


larghetto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian larghetto, diminutive of largo.


produk domestik bruto

Compound of produk (“product”) + domestik (“domestic”) + bruto (“gross”), calque of English gross domestic product or calque of Dutch bruto binnenlands product (“gross domestic product”).

cal

Coordinate term: pendapatan nasional bruto

gross domestic product
gross domestic product

gross domestic product (economic production of a particular territory)


magister

magistêr (canonical)
magister-magister (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch magister, from Latin magister. Doublet of maestro, master, and mester.


mud

Ultimately from Arabic مُدّ (mudd, “a certain dry measure”)

bor

Satu sha' setara dengan empat mud

(Islam) a dry measure (for dates, water, grains, and other things) varying in size, roughly around 510 grams.


firma

From Dutch firma, from Italian firma, from Latin firmāre, from firmus, from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”). Doublet of darma and derma.


kiln

From English kiln, from Middle English kilne, from Old English cylene or cyline (“large oven”), from Latin culīna (“kitchen, kitchen stove”).

(archaeology) kiln, an oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.


avant-garde

Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.


bunga

Unknown
* Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).
* Semantic loan from Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “interest”, literally “childbirth, parturition; offspring”).

sl

(economics, finance) interest: the price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed.


sumpit

From Baba Malay sumpit, from Hokkien 栓筆 /栓笔 (sng-pit, “holding pin”).


ASEAN

(politics) ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.


persona

Learned borrowing from Latin persōna. Doublet of person.

(grammar) a linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking.


swastika

From Malay swastika. Ultimately from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).


dinas

From Dutch dienst (“service”), from Middle Dutch dienst, from Old Dutch *thionost, from Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz, *þewanōną, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, be fluid, flow”).

der

Dinas Pendidikan

Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran


nominal

From Dutch nominaal, from French nominal, from Latin nominalis.

(grammar) of or relating to a noun or word group that functions as a noun.


bunker

From Dutch bunker, from English bunker, from German Bunker.

(military) a hardened shelter, often buried partly or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks.


gi

From Hindi घी (ghī) or Urdu گھی (ghī), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛtá). Cognate of English ghee.


museum

Inherited from Malay museum, from Dutch museum, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “a shrine of the Muses”).

museum: a building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.


trauma

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

(psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.


karma

From Sanskrit कर्म (karma), कर्मन् (karman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma,

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.

A force or law of nature which causes one to reap what one sows; destiny; fate.


mandala

From Malay mandala,
from Classical Malay mandala, from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A graphic depiction of the spiritual universe and its myriad realms and deities.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation.


Saturnus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch Saturnus, from Latin Saturnus.

(Roman mythology) The god of fertility and agriculture, equivalent to the Greek Kronos.


Merkurius

(Roman mythology) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger. He wore winged sandals. Mercury corresponded to the Greek god Hermes.


transit

From Dutch transit, from French transit, from Latin trānseō.

(trading) the conveyance of people or goods from one place to another, especially on a public transportation system; the vehicles used for such conveyance.


palla

Borrowed from Italian palla , from Latin palla, of uncertain origin.

(Catholicism) a cloth used to cover a chalice during services.


margin

Borrowed from English margin, from Middle English margyn, from Latin marginem (possibly via Old French margin), accusative of margō (“edge, brink, border, margin”).

(finance) collateral security deposited with a broker, to compensate the broker in the event of loss in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, commodities, etc.


bantal

From Malay bantal, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bandal.

pillow (soft cushion used to support the head in bed)


adat

From Malay adat, from Classical Malay عادة (adat), from Persian عادت ('âdat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appurtain, to be proper”).


oikumene

oikuméné (canonical)
oikumene-oikumene (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē).

learned borrowing

(Christianity) ecumene, unification of Christianity.


etude

From Dutch etude, from French étude (“study”), from Old French estude (“study”), from Latin studium (“spirit”). Doublet of studi and studio.

(music) etude: a short piece of music, designed to give a performer practice in a particular area or skill.


mob

Borrowed from English mob, from Middle English mob, short for mobile, from Latin mōbile (vulgus) (“fickle (crowd)”).

der

(politics) mob: a large or disorderly group of people; especially one bent on riotous or destructive action.


KISS

(management) acronym of koordinasi, integrasi, sinkronisasi, simplifikasi.


UI

Universitas Indonesia
w:id:Universitas Indonesia

(education) Initialism of Universitas Indonesia.


aktiva

From Dutch activa (“asset”), from Latin activa. Doublet of aktif.

(business) any property or object of value that one possesses, usually considered as applicable to the payment of one's debts.

(accounting) the left side of a balance sheet.

assets:
the left side of a balance sheet.


mezzo piano

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo piano.


litigant

Unadapted borrowing from French litigant.

(law) litigant: a party suing or being sued in a lawsuit, or otherwise calling upon the judicial process to determine the outcome of a suit.


menopause

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch menopauze, from French ménopause, from Latin menopausis.

(gynaecology) menopause: The period in a woman's life when menstruation becomes irregular and less frequent before eventually stopping altogether, usually accompanied by a range of unpleasant symptoms; the period spanning perimenopause up to postmenopause; The final menstrual period of a woman after which ovulation no longer occurs.


rektor

Borrowed from Dutch rector, from Latin rēctor.

(education) rector (headmaster of a tertiary education institution, e.g., university)

(Catholicism) rector (cleric with managerial as well as spiritual responsibility for a church or other institution)


allargando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian allargando.

(music) allargando: Decreasing in tempo; getting slower.


malaise

malaisê (canonical)
malaise-malaise (plural)

From Dutch malaise, from French malaise.

(economics) depression, a period of major economic contraction.


hong

Borrowed from Hokkien 鳳凰／凤凰 (hōng-hông, “fenghuang”).

(mythology) fenghuang: a mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies.

(mythology) phoenix: a mythological bird, said to be the only one of its kind, which lives for 500 years and then dies by burning to ashes on a pyre of its own making, ignited by the sun. It then arises anew from the ashes.


xenofobia

Borrowed from English xenophobia, from xeno- + -phobia.


ordo

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrdō. Doublet of rodi, orde, order, ordi, and wardi.

doublet

(Catholicism) a group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles.


HP

(video games, mostly role-playing games) hit points; health points


teller

Unadapted borrowing from English teller, from Middle English tellere (“one who counts or enumerates; one who recounts or relates; teller”). Standard spelling retain double l to avoid confusion with word teler.

der

(banking) teller: a bank clerk who receives and pays out money.


dit

(law enforcement) Clipping of direktorat (“directorate”).


abakus

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

(architecture) the uppermost portion of the capital of a column.


andas

(construction, engineering) bridge anvil


referendum

refêrendum (canonical)
referendum-referendum (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch referendum, from Latin referendum.

(law, government, politics) referendum: a direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment.


haute couture

Unadapted borrowing from French haute couture (“haute couture, high fashion”).

ubor

(fashion) haute couture, exclusive fashion, high fashion, high style


kota

From Malay kota, from Classical Malay kota, from Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam, “city”) or Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa, “city”).
* The sense in government was coined by Indonesian politician Teuku Muhammad Hasan in 1945 to translate Dutch gemeente or stadsgemeente.
* Displaced Dutch stad (“city, town”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

coinage

(government) The second-level urban administrative division in Indonesia.


agama

From Malay agama, ugama, from Classical Malay اڬام (“agama”), أڬام (“ugama”), from Sanskrit आगम (āgama, “a traditional doctrine or precept”).

der

religion (system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death)


tutorial

Internationalism, borrowed from English tutorial.

(education) A self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed, at their convenience.

(Standard Malay)

(education) An interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups.


seksi

Borrowed from Dutch sectie (“dissection, subdivision”).

bor

(military) a group of 10-15 soldiers led by a non-commissioned officer and forming part of a platoon.


kecapi

From Sundanese ᮊᮎᮕᮤ (kacapi, “zither”), probably from Sanskrit कच्छपी (kacchapī, “lute”).

kacapi: a box zither with an open bottom, played by plucking, originating in traditional Sundanese music


dikti

pendidikan tinggi
pendidikan tinggi#Indonesian

(education) acronym of pendidikan tinggi (“higher education”).


parade

From Dutch parade, from French parade (“show, display, parade, parry, formerly also a halt on horseback”), from Spanish parada (“a halt, stop, pause, a parade”), from parar (“to halt, stop, get ready, prepare”), from Latin parare (“to prepare; to halt, stop, prevent, guard against, etc., dress, trim, adorn”).

der

(military) an assembling of troops for inspection or to receive orders.


Hamal

From Arabic الحَمَل (al-ḥamal, “Aries”), from Arabic حَمَل (ḥamal, “lamb”).


Imam

(Islam, all sects) anyone who leads a group of Muslims in prayer

(Sunni Islam) imam; a trained cleric who leads a congregation


Natal

From Malay Natal, from Portuguese Natal, from Old Galician-Portuguese Natal, from Latin nātālis [diēs Dominī] (“birthday of the Lord”).

(Christianity) Christmas (festival observed on December 25 commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ)


PK

prajurit karier
prajurit karier#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of prajurit karier.

peninjauan kembali
peninjauan kembali#Indonesian

perjanjian kinerja
perjanjian kinerja#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of perjanjian kinerja.


raja

From Malay raja, from Classical Malay raja, from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

merajai [agent focus + causative benefactive]

merajakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]

a male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy. If it's an absolute monarchy, then he is the supreme ruler of his nation.


peleton

Borrowed from Dutch peloton, ultimately from French peloton.

(military) platoon: a unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.


secco

Unadapted borrowing from Italian secco (literally “dry”), from Latin siccus, from Proto-Indo-European *seyk-.

ubor

(art) secco: A work painted on dry plaster, as distinguished from a fresco.


pura

From Malay pura (“castle town”), from Sanskrit पुर (pura). Doublet of puri.
* Sense of "temple" is a semantic loan from Balinese ᬧᬸᬭ (pura) which is ultimately from same Sanskrit word.

(Hinduism) temple, a Balinese Hinduism place of worship.


anarki

Borrowed from Dutch anarchie, from Middle French anarchie, from Latin anarchia, from Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía).

(politics) a political regime (or movement to establish it) lacking any form of political authority or government.


Muhammad

From Malay Muhammad, from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad).

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Islam) Muhammad (the figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís)


bensin

bènsin (canonical)
bensin-bensin (plural)

From Dutch benzine, from German Benzin. Doublet of benzena.

(oil industry) gasoline (US), petrol (UK)


ulama

From Malay ulama,
from Classical Malay ulama, from Arabic عُلَمَاء (ʕulamāʔ), plural of عَالِم (ʕālim, “learned one”).


Ramadan

Inherited from Malay Ramadan, from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).


azan

From Malay azan, adzan, adan, from Classical Malay azan, adan, adzan, adhan, from Arabic أَذَان (ʔaḏān).

(Islam) adhan, azan: The call to prayer.


DPS

Dewan Pengawas Syariah
w:id:Dewan Pengawas Syariah

(finance) Initialism of Dewan Pengawas Syariah.


DPS

daftar pemilih sementara
daftar pemilih sementara#Indonesian

(politics) Initialism of daftar pemilih sementara.


kafir

From Malay kafir, from Classical Malay kafir (“infidel”), from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”).
* The sense “non-Jew” is a semantic loan from Hebrew גּוֹי (goi, “nation”) and semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós).

semantic loan

(Islam) a kafir, a disbeliever, a denier, someone who denies the truths from Allah; or more broadly any non-Muslim.


masjid

From Malay masjid, from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), from the root س ج د (s j d).


PT

(business) initialism of perseroan terbatas (“limited company”).

perguruan tinggi
perguruan tinggi#Indonesian

(education) initialism of perguruan tinggi (“higher education institution”).


rasul

From Malay rasul, from Arabic رَسُول (rasūl, “messenger”).

(Islam) A prophet or messenger in Islam; Muhammad, as a special messenger of God.

Kisah Para Rasul


salat

From Arabic صَلَاة (ṣalāh). Cognate of Malay solat.

(Islam) salat (obligatory prayer that Muslims are called to perform five times a day)


tafsir

From Malay tafsir, from Arabic تَفْسِير (tafsīr, “interpretation”).
* Displaced Dutch uitleg (“explanation”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

der

(Islam) tafsir: Grammatical, historical, allegorical or traditional interpretations of the Qur'an.


zakat

From Malay zakat, from Classical Malay زكاة (zakat), from Arabic زَكَوٰة (zakāh).

(Islam) zakat: almsgiving, one of the five pillars of Islam.


WP

(taxation) Initialism of wajib pajak (“taxpayer”).


BP

bawah perintah
bawah perintah#Indonesian

(military) Initialism of bawah perintah (“assignment; under command”).


KP

(education) Initialism of kerja praktik.


BMD

barang milik daerah
barang milik daerah#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of barang milik daerah.


graf

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.


SU

(education) Initialism of sarjana utama (“master's degree”).


STN

sekolah teknik negeri
sekolah teknik negeri#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah teknik negeri.


abortus

Borrowed from Dutch abortus, from Latin abortus, perfect active participle from aborior (“pass away; miscarry”), from ab (“from, away from”) + orior (“rise, get up; appear”). Doublet of aborsi.

(obstetrics) abortus; abortion: the expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus; either naturally as a spontaneous abortion (now usually called a miscarriage), or deliberately as an induced abortion (see Indonesian aborsi).


proletariat

prolêtariat (canonical)
proletariat-proletariat (plural)


STM

sekolah teknik menengah
sekolah teknik menengah#Indonesian

(education, historical) Initialism of sekolah teknik menengah.

surat tanda melaporkan
surat tanda melaporkan#Indonesian

(management) Initialism of surat tanda melaporkan.


gestalt

Unadapted borrowing from German Gestalt (“shape, figure, form”).

ubor

(psychology) gestalt: a collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being)


SAP

(education) Initialism of satuan acara perkuliahan.


DPA

Dewan Pertimbangan Agung
Dewan Pertimbangan Agung#Indonesian

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Dewan Pertimbangan Agung (“Supreme Advisory Council”).


DPA

dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran
dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran.


PP

peraturan pemerintah
peraturan pemerintah#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of peraturan pemerintah.

(government) Initialism of pamong praja.

(education) Initialism of pendidikan dan pengajaran.


koma

From Dutch komma, from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

(typography) comma: The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set off parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.


cavatina

Unadapted borrowing from Italian cavatina.


homeostasis

homéostasis (canonical)
homeostasis-homeostasis (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin homoeostasis.


diaspora

From Ancient Greek διασπορά (diasporá, “dispersion”), from διασπείρω (diaspeírō, “to scatter”), from δια- (dia-, prefix indicating motion across or in all directions) + σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”).


selo

From Dutch cello, shortening of violoncello, from Italian violoncello.

(music) cello: a large stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings, tuned from lowest to highest C-G-D-A, and played with a bow, also possessing an endpin to support the instrument's weight.


gamelan

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ (gamelan), from Old Javanese gamelan.

a genre of traditional Indonesian music; specifically Javanese, Balinese and Sundanese origin typically featuring metallophones, xylophones, drums, gongs and a bamboo flute

an ensemble performing this style of music.


KB

kelompok bermain
kelompok bermain#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of kelompok bermain (“playgroup”).


PKC

Perusahaannya memiliki hubungan dengan PKC.

(politics) the CCP; Chinese Communist Party


dansa

From Malay dansa, from Portuguese dança (“dance”) or Spanish danza (“dance”).


dapur

From Malay dapur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapuR, from Proto-Austronesian *dapuR (“hearth, external part”). Cognate with Tagalog dapog, Samoan magalafu (“fireplace, furnace”).


sidi

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦶꦢꦶ (sidi), from Old Javanese siddhi, siddha, from Sanskrit सिद्धि (siddhi, “perfection”). Doublet of sida.

(Christianity, Protestantism) full member of the church.


plafon

From Dutch plafon, plafond, from French plafond. Cognate with Afrikaans plafon, Sranan Tongo plafon.

(finance) The maximum permitted level in a financial transaction.

(architecture) The overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.


desa

From Malay desa, from Sanskrit देश (deśa).

(government) rural fourth-level division in Indonesia.


balkon

From Dutch balkon, from French balcon, from Italian balcone, from Old Italian balco (“scaffold”) + -one (augmentative suffix).

(architecture, real estate) an accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.


couturier

Unadapted borrowing from French couturier.

ubor

a person who designs haute couture (high fashion).

a company that is owned by or employs such a person; a fashion house.


konsili

From Dutch concilie (“Church council”), from Middle Dutch concilie, from Latin concilium. Doublet of konsil.

Konsili Vatikan Kedua

(Christianity) A church council in which bishops and eminent theologians are assembled to decide issues, esp. in Catholicism and Orthodoxy.


memori

From Dutch memorie, from Middle French memorie, from Old French memoire, from Latin memoria (“the faculty of remembering, remembrance, memory, a historical account”), from memor (“mindful, remembering”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (to remember).


kalimat

From Arabic كَلِمَات (kalimāt, “word, speech, statement”). Doublet of kalimah.

kalimat pasif

(grammar) sentence: a grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop.


premi

From Dutch premie, from Latin praemium. Doublet of premium.

(insurance) The amount to be paid for an insurance policy.


fon

From Dutch foon (“phone”), from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

(linguistics) phone, a speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.


fon

From English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).


in absentia

Learned borrowing from Latin in absentia (“in absence”).


agen

From Dutch agent, from French agent, from Latin agēns.

(economics, management, trading) one who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by authority from them; someone entrusted to do the business of another.

(drama) a person who looks for work for another person.


SBM

standar biaya masukan
standar biaya masukan#Indonesian

(economics, finance) Initialism of standar biaya masukan.

(education) Initialism of sekolah bisnis dan manajemen (“school of business and management”).


BI

(education) initialism of Bahasa Indonesia (“Indonesian language”).


BI

Bank Indonesia
Bank Indonesia#Indonesian


basilika

From Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”).

(architecture) basilica: a Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


MOS

(education, historical) Initialism of masa orientasi siswa (“student orientation”).


saldo

(accounting) balance: the difference between credit and debit of an account.


masa

Ultimately from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “a weight of gold”).

(archaeology) unit of measurement of weight for gold and silver


DPR

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat#Indonesian

House of Representatives
House of Representatives

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“House of Representatives”, literally “People's Representative Council”).


ambo

Learned borrowing from Late Latin ambō, from Ancient Greek ἄμβων (ámbōn).

(Catholicism) ambo: stationary podium used for readings and homilies.


tesis

From Dutch thesis (current spelling these), from Latin thesis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody”).


ampul

Borrowed from Dutch ampul (“ampoule”). Doublet of ampula.

(Catholicism) ampulla: a vessel for containing consecrated wine or oil.


SR

sekolah rakyat
sekolah rakyat#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah rakyat.

sekolah rendah
sekolah rendah#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sekolah rendah.


wudu

Inherited from Malay [Term?] (Standard Malay wuduk), from Arabic وُضُوء (wuḍūʔ).

the state of purity that is achieved by this washing


tante

From Malay tante, from Dutch tante, from Middle French tante, from Old French ante, from Latin amita, from Proto-Indo-European *amma-.


folio

(accounting) folio (a page in an account book)


chalet

Unadapted borrowing from French chalet, from Franco-Provençal çhalè (“herdsman's hut in the mountains”), from Old Franco-Provençal chaslet, diminutive of chasel (“farmhouse”), from Late Latin casalis (“house-like, house-related”), from Latin casa (“house”).

(architecture) chalet: an alpine style of wooden building with a sloping roof and overhanging eaves.


rama

From Malay rama, from Classical Malay rama.

(Catholicism) standard spelling of romo (“priest”).


anamnesis

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάμνησις (anámnēsis, “remembrance”), verbal noun of ἀναμιμνήσκω (anamimnḗskō), from ἀνα- (ana-) + μιμνῄσκω (mimnḗiskō, “call to mind”).

affix

(medicine, psychology) the medical history of a patient

anamnesis
the medical history of a patient

(Catholicism) a liturgical statement in which the Church refers to the memorial character of the Eucharist or to the Passion, Resurrection and Ascension of Christ


demokrasi

démokrasi (canonical)
demokrasi-demokrasi (plural)

From Malay demokrasi, from Dutch democratie or demokratie, from Middle French democratie, from Medieval Latin democratia, from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía). Cognate of Afrikaans demokrasie.

(government, politics) democracy (rule by the people)


harmonika

From Dutch mondharmonica, from German Mundharmonika.

(music) harmonica: a musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note.


force majeure

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from French force majeure.


aggiornamento

Unadapted borrowing from Italian aggiornamento (“update, updating; adjournment, recess”).

(Roman Catholicism) aggiornamento: bringing up to date, especially of the Roman Catholic Church by the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65


riba

Inherited from Malay riba (“ursury”), from Arabic رِبًا (riban).


dak

From Dutch dak, from Middle Dutch dac, from Old Dutch thak, from Proto-Germanic *þaką.

roof (the top external level of a building)


dak

(chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of tidak


kuil

From Malay kuil, from Tamil கோயில் (kōyil). Cognate of English kovil.

temple, a house of worship of religions, except for Balinese Hinduism (pura).

shrine, a holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which said figure is venerated or worshipped.


ahimsa

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अहिंसा (ahiṃsā).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) ahimsa: A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.


hafiz

Derived from Arabic حَافِظ (ḥāfiẓ), present participle of حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa, “to guard, know by heart”).


latah

From Malay latah, from Sanskrit लता (latā, “streak, childish”).

(psychiatry, psychology) latah: a condition found in Malaysia and nearby areas characterised by extreme suggestibility.


da capo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian da capo.

ubor

(music) from scratch; from the beginning; from the top


rallentando

Unadapted borrowing from Italian rallentando.


ritenuto

Unadapted borrowing from Italian ritenuto.


debit

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

A semantic loan from English debit, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).
* Displaced earlier debet, which was loanword from Dutch debet.

In bookkeeping, an entry in the left hand column of an account.

A sum of money taken out of a bank account. Thus called, because in bank's bookkeeping a cash withdrawal diminishes the amount of money held on the account, i.e. bank's debt to the customer.

(accounting) receivable: a debt owed, usually to a business, from the perspective of that business.


Brahma

(Hinduism) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.


PDI

Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
w:id:Partai Demokrasi Indonesia

(Indonesian politics, historical) Initialism of Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (“Indonesian Democratic Party”).


dolar

From Dutch dollar, from English dollar, from early Dutch daler, daalder, from German Taler, Thaler (“dollar”), from Sankt Joachimsthaler, literally "of Joachimstal," the name for coins minted in German Sankt Joachimsthal (“St. Joachim's Valley”) (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic).


velum

(anatomy, linguistics) velum: the soft palate.


dol

(music) a type of conical drum from Bengkulu.


couture

Unadapted borrowing from English couture (“production of high-end, custom-made clothing”), ellipsis of haute couture (“haute couture, high fashion”, literally “high, elegant + sewing”). Compare French couture (“sewing”).

ubor

(fashion) couture: production of high-end, custom-made clothing.


PAN

Partai Amanat Nasional
w:id:Partai Amanat Nasional

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Amanat Nasional (“National Mandate Party”).


modus

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

doublet

(linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality.


Musa

(Christianity, Judaism) Moses (Biblical character)


go-go

Unadapted borrowing from English go-go (“go-go”).


parang

From Malay parang, from Proto-Malayic *paraŋ.
* The sense as classic batik motif is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦥꦫꦁ (parang, “batik pattern”, literally “cliff; knife, chopper, cleaver”), from Old Javanese paraṅ (“rock, crag”).

sl

(zoology) dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab).


kor

From Dutch koor (“choir”), from Middle Dutch côor, from Latin chorus. Cognate with Afrikaans koor, English choir.


kas

Borrowed from Dutch kas, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa from Old Italian cassa, from Latin capsa (“box, case”), from capiō (“I take, I seize, I receive”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”).

der

(Standard Malay)

(accounting) liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.


akar

From Malay akar, from Classical Malay اكر (akar), from Proto-Malayic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *akar, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(w)akar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ.
* Displaced Dutch wortel (“(arithmetic) square root, root”, literally “root (plant)”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

sl

(linguistic morphology) the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.


imprimatur

Learned borrowing from Latin imprimātur (“let it be printed”), third person singular present subjunctive passive form of imprimere (“to imprint”).

learned borrowing

(Catholicism) imprimatur, an official license to publish or print something.


hak

From Dutch haak (“hook”), from Middle Dutch hāke, from Old Dutch *hako, from Proto-Germanic *hakô.

(sewing) A hook used to pull thread through the holes of a button


mol

Borrowed from Dutch mol, from French mol, mou, from Old French mol, from Latin mollem.


decrescendo

Unadapted borrowing from Italian decrescendo.


mezzo forte

Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzo forte.

(music) mezzo forte (louder then mezzo piano, but softer than forte)


entente

From Dutch entente, from French entente (“understanding”).

international relations
international relations

(international relations) entente, an informal alliance or friendly understanding between two states.


kiri

Inherited from Malay kiri, from Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi, Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi.

Melawan kaum kiri bisa dimulai hari ini juga!

You can start fighting left-wingers now!


salam

From Malay salam, from Classical Malay salam, from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”). Doublet of salim and syalom.

(Islam) salaam alaikum (Muslim greeting)


salam

From Arabic سَلَم (salam, “futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction”).


rupiah

From Pali rūpiya (“silver”), from Sanskrit रूप्य (rūpya, “silver, stamped coin”).


riyal

Borrowed from Arabic رِيَال (riyāl). Doublet of rial and royal.

riyal (The official currency of Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia)


div

(law enforcement) Abbreviation of divisi (“division”).


UM

Universitas Negeri Malang
w:id:Universitas Negeri Malang

(education) Initialism of Universitas Negeri Malang.


suster

From Dutch zuster (“sister, nun, nurse”), from Middle Dutch suster, from Old Dutch swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


buka

See above. Semantic loan from Arabic إِفْطَار (ʔifṭār, “to break”).

sl

(intransitive, Islam) to break the fast; to have iftar.


apel

Borrowed from Dutch appel (“roll call, appeal”), previously spelled appèl, from Middle Dutch appeel, from Old French apel, deverbal of Old French apeler, from Latin appellāre, present active infinitive of Latin appellō. Cognate of Afrikaans appèl (“roll call; appeal”).

bor+

...dalam praktik “Raden van Justitie” dalam apel, tidak mengharuskan kepada hakim banding untuk meninjau....

In Raden van Justitie practice in appeal, appellate judge was not obligated to consider....

(law) appeal: an application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re-examination or review.


apel

...dan bisa apel di Pengadilan Tinggi.

(law) to appeal: to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


PPP

Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
w:id:Partai Persatuan Pembangunan

(Indonesian politics) Initialism of Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (“United Development Party”).


warga

From Malay warga, from Classical Malay ورڬ (warga), from Sanskrit वर्ग (varga).


tata bahasa

Inherited from Malay tatabahasa, from tata (“order”) + bahasa (“language”), calque of translingual 語法. Equivalent to tata + bahasa.

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.


kata kerja

Compound of kata (“word”) + kerja (“work”), calque of Dutch werkwoord (“verb”, literally “work(ing) word”).

calque

(grammar) verb, a word that indicates an action, event, or state.


kata penghubung

Compound of kata (“word”) + penghubung (“connector”), literally “connector word”.


polisi

Borrowed from Dutch politie (“police”), from Middle Dutch policie, from Middle French policie, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Cognate of Afrikaans polisie.


sekolah

sêkolah (canonical)
sekolah-sekolah (plural)

→ Ternate: skola, sikola

Inherited from Malay sekolah, from Portuguese escola.

(education) an institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.


kulit

From Malay kulit, from Proto-Malayic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

(publishing) case: the hard cover that surrounds and protects the text.


hadap

From Malay hadap, from Proto-Malayic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *hadəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of depan.

(military) to face (position oneself/itself towards)


telaga

têlaga (canonical)
telaga-telaga (plural)

From Malay telaga (attested in Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD as talāga), from Old Javanese talaga (“tank, pool, pond”), from Prakrit talāga, taḍāga, from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”). Cognate of Javanese ꦠ꧀ꦭꦒ (tlaga), Kapampangan talaga, Sundanese ᮒᮜᮌ (talaga, “lake”), and Ternate talaga (“lake”).


kaum

From Malay kaum, from Classical Malay kaum, from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).


kunci

kunci (root)
mengunci (active)
terkunci (active involuntary)
dikunci (active involuntary passive)
kunci (active)
kuncilah (active)
menguncikan (active applicative causative locative)
terkuncikan (applicative causative locative)
dikuncikan (applicative causative locative passive)
kuncikan (applicative causative locative)
kuncikanlah (applicative causative locative)

From Malay kunci (“key”), from Hindi कुंजी (kuñjī, “key”), from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā).
* Semantic loan from Dutch sleutel for wrench, spanner and clef senses.
* Semantic loan from Dutch akkoord for chord sense.
* Semantic loan from English key for music (other than clef sense), education, computing, cryptography and internet sense.

(music, figurative) in musical theory, the total melodic and harmonic relations, which exist between the tones of an ideal scale, major or minor; tonality.

(Standard Malay)

(music, figurative) in musical theory and notation, the tonality centering in a given tone, or the several tones taken collectively, of a given scale, major or minor.

(education, figurative) answer key, an assorted list of solutions to problems or exercises in a test, textbook, etc.

(music, figurative) clef, a symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff.

(music, colloquial, figurative) chord, a harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.


kursi

Inherited from Malay kursi (Standard Malay kerusi (“chair”)), from Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy). Compare to Baba Malay krosi, Javanese ꦏꦸꦂꦱꦶ (kursi).

an item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person.


layar

From Malay layar, from Proto-Malayic *layar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ (“sail”).


manusia

From Malay manusia, from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà, “human being”).

manusia serigala

manusia harimau

(fantasy, mythology, only in compounds) were- (indicates a person who changes shape into an animal)


nabi

From Malay nabi, from Arabic نَبِيّ, نَبِيء (nabiyy, nabīʔ, “nabi, prophet”).

نَبِيّ, نَبِيء


menteri

id-noun

mêntêri (plural menteri-menteri or para menteri)

mêntêri (canonical)
menteri-menteri (plural)
para menteri (plural)

From Malay menteri, from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī). Doublet of mandarin, manti, and mantri.

(government) minister (politician who heads a ministry)


pasar

→ Dutch: pasar

From Malay pasar (“market”), from Tamil பசார் (pacār, “bazaar”), from Classical Persian بازار (bāzār, “market”), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /wāzār/, “market”). Doublet of bazar.

der

(linguistics) colloquial; vernacular; vulgar


marga

* Ultimately from Pali magga (“oath; road”) and Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “reach, range; mark, scar; track of a wild animal”), vṛddhi derivative of मृग (mṛga, “game animal; deer”).
** Inherited from Malay marga (“wild animal”), from Classical Malay marga, from Old Malay margga (“track, way”) (as in Talang Tuwo inscription (684 CE), compare to Balinese ᬫᬵᬃᬕ᭄ᬕ), came from above.
** The sense of clan is a semantic loan from Toba Batak marga (“clan”), came from above.
** The sense of hamlet is a semantic loan from Musi marga (“hamlet”), came from above.
** The sense of road is a semantic loan from Javanese ꦩꦂꦒ (marga, “road”), came from above.
* The sense of family name is a semantic loan from Dutch familienaam (“family name”) as semantic extension of clan.
* The sense in taxonomy is a semantic loan from Dutch geslacht (“genus”, literally “linage, generation”) and Latin genus (literally “group; type, class; lineage, descent”) as semantic extension of clan.

sl

a group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief.

(anthropology) clan:
specifically, the marga, Batak clan.


pada

(literature) pada: The basic metric unit of Vedic poetry, consisting of one line of verse in Sanskrit, typically as part of a four-line stanza.


pria

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रिय (priya, “beloved”). Doublet of priayi.


pugar

Borrowed from Javanese ꦥꦸꦒꦼꦂ (puger). Semantic loan from Dutch herstellingsteken for music sense of natural.

sl

(music) natural: The symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.


luak

Borrowed from Minangkabau luak (“well”). Doublet of lurah.


SPP

surat persetujuan pembayaran
surat persetujuan pembayaran#Indonesian

(business) Initialism of surat persetujuan pembayaran.

(education) Initialism of sumbangan pembinaan pendidikan.

surat perjanjian penerbitan
surat perjanjian penerbitan#Indonesian

(printing) Initialism of surat perjanjian penerbitan.


dumping

(trading) dumping: selling goods at less than their normal price, especially in the export market as a means of securing a monopoly.


dirigisme

Borrowed from Dutch dirigisme, from French dirigisme.

(politics) dirigisme: a policy of strong state control over the economy and related social matters.


profesor

Borrowed from Dutch professor, from Middle Dutch professoor, from Latin professor (“declarer, person who claims knowledge”), from the past participle stem of profiteor (“profess”).

der

professor (the most senior rank for an academic at a university or similar institution)


RL

(accounting) Initialism of risalah lelang (“auction report”).


MK

mahkamah konstitusi
mahkamah konstitusi#Indonesian

(government, law) Initialism of mahkamah konstitusi.


SKS

satuan kredit semester
satuan kredit semester#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of satuan kredit semester (“course credit”).

sistem kebut semalam
sistem kebut semalam#Indonesian

(education) Initialism of sistem kebut semalam (“overnight cramming”, literally “overnight rush system”).


kapel

From Dutch kapel, from Middle Dutch capelle, ultimately from Latin cappella. Doublet of kapela.

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) chapel: a place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church.


paus

From Dutch paus, from Middle Dutch paus, paues, pauwes, from Old French papes (compare German Papst), from Medieval Latin pāpa (“bishop, pope”), from Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, “bishop”), variant of πάππας (páppas, “father”), of imitative origin.

Paus adalah pemimpin tertinggi Gereja Katolik.

Pope is the highest leader of the Catholic Church.


beton

Borrowed from Dutch beton, from French béton, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitumen.

(real estate) concrete (a building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand)


kasus

From Dutch casus, from Latin cāsus (“chance, event”), the past participle of cadō (“to fall, happen”).

grammatical case
grammatical case#English

(linguistics, grammar) case (grammatical case)


murid

From Malay murid, from Arabic مُرِيد (murīd).


bas relief

Unadapted borrowing from French bas-relief (“bas-relief”)

ubor

(sculpture) bas-relief: a low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.


diktat

From Dutch dictaat, from Latin dictātum.


debitor

From English debitor, from Latin debitor.

(finance, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of debitur (“debitor, debtor”)


da capo al fine

Unadapted borrowing from Italian da capo al fine.

(music) da capo al fine: repeat from the beginning up to the word fine ("end").


Arjuna

From Javanese ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Arjuna), from Sanskrit अर्जुन (arjuna).

A major character of the Mahabharata, a Sanskrit epic.


provinsi

From Dutch provincie, from Middle Dutch provincie, from Latin prōvincia.

(government) province (a subdivision of government usually one step below the national level)


animator

Borrowed from English animator. Doublet of animater.

(art) animator, cartoonist: one who creates an animation or cartoon


SDA

sumber daya alam
sumber daya alam#Indonesian

(economics) Initialism of sumber daya alam (“natural resource”).


bebas

Ayah sudah bebas dari penjara.

Pekan ini mereka bebas dari pekerjaan mereka.

This week they are free from their jobs.

perangkat lunak bebas

(software) free (with very few limitations on distribution or improvement)


beban

From Malay beban. All “load” senses, except “burden” sense is a semantic loan from English load. The blasting sense is a semantic loan from English burden.

(Standard Malay)

(business) amount of money levied for a service.

charge:
amount of money levied for a service.

beban penyusutan

beban penjualan


amparan

(dialect, Java, construction) a kind of roof.


arbitrase

arbitrasê (canonical)
arbitrase-arbitrase (plural)

From Dutch arbitrage, from French arbitrage. Semantic loan from English arbitrage.

(finance, trading) arbitrage: a market activity in which a security, commodity, currency or other tradable item is bought in one market and sold simultaneously in another, in order to profit from price differences between the markets.

a process through which two or more parties use an arbitrator or arbiter in order to resolve a dispute.

a form of justice where both parties designate a person whose ruling they will accept formally.


deposito

From Dutch deposito, from Italian deposito, from Latin deposito.

(finance) deposit, money placed in an account.


dividen

From Dutch dividend, from Middle French dividende (Modern French dividende), from Latin dividendum (“thing to be divided”), future passive participle of divido (“to divide”).

der

(finance, trading) a pro rata payment of money by a company to its shareholders, usually made periodically (eg, quarterly or annually).


domine

From Dutch dominee, from Latin domine, vocative of dominus.


kudus

From Malay kudus, from Arabic قُدُس (qudus).


firman

From Malay firman, from Classical Malay firman (“permission”), from Persian فرمان (farmân, “command, order, decree”). Doublet of permana.

Firman Allah

Ten Commandments
Ten Commandments#English

(Christianity) commandment (a divinely ordained command, especially one of the Ten Commandments)


harta

From Malay harta, from Classical Malay arta, harta, from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha, “meaning, wealth”). Doublet of arta, arti, and erti.


pesan

(Standard Malay)

(literature) an underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something.


presiden

présidèn (canonical)
presiden-presiden (plural)

From Dutch president, from Middle Dutch president, from Old French president, from Latin praesidēns (“presiding over; president, leader”). Not inherited from Malay presiden, which is from English president.

(government, politics) the head of state of a republic, either in union with the head of government or separated from the head of government.

(management) primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.


prive

(accounting) the action of taking funds from an account or company holdings for individual use; drawing


pulsa

(music) the beat or tactus of a piece of music.

pulse,
the beat or tactus of a piece of music.


montase

montasê (canonical)
montase-montase (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch montage, from French montage.

(art) montage: A composite work, particularly an artwork, created by assembling or putting together other elements such as pieces of music, pictures, texts, videos, etc.


novela

From from Italian novella, from Latin novella, feminine of novellus. Doublet of novela and novelet.

(literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, shorter than a novel.


oferte

From Dutch offerte, from French offerte, offrir, from Old French ofrir, from Vulgar Latin *offerīre, from Latin offerre.

(trading) quotation: a price that has been quoted for buying or selling; the act of setting a price.


tiras

(printing) circulation (number of copies sold of e.g. a newspaper).


futanari

From Japanese ふたなり (futanari, “hermaphrodite”).


pom-pom

reduplication

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">pump</i>


Tula

From Sanskrit तुला (tulā, “balance, scales”).


apologia

From Latin apologia (“apology”), from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “a speech made in defense of something”). Doublet of apologi.

der

(Catholicism) apology (formal justification, defence)


Alkitab

From Malay Alkitab, from Arabic الْكِتَاب (al-kitāb, “the book”).


bursa

* Learned borrowing from Latin bursa, from the Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide, wine-skin”).
* Semantic loan from Dutch beurs.

Bursa Efek Indonesia

(business, economics) exchange: a place for conducting trading.


dekan

From Dutch decaan (“dean”), from Late Latin decānus.

(education) A senior official in a college or university, who may be in charge of a division or faculty.

(Christianity) A dignitary or presiding officer in certain church bodies, especially an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop, in charge of a chapter of canons.


universitet

From Dutch universiteit (“university”), from Middle Dutch universiteit, from Old French universitei, from Medieval Latin ūniversitās. Compare to German Universität.

(education, dated) Superseded spelling of universitas.


demagog

démagog (canonical)
demagog-demagog (plural)

From Dutch demagoog, from Middle French démagogue, from Ancient Greek δημαγωγός (dēmagōgós, “popular leader, mob leader”) of δῆμος (dêmos, “people”) + ἀγωγός (agōgós, “guide”).


banding

Inherited from Malay banding (“comparison”).
* For sense of appeal (law), probably a semantic loan from Chinese 告 (“to check; to compare”), a variant of 校 (“to check; to compare”). For comparison, see 上告 (“to appeal”, literally “to raise an appeal”) and naik banding (“to appeal”, literally “to raise an appeal”).

zh-l

membandingi [agent focus + causative benefactive]

perbandingan [causative passive + resultative

(law) appeal: an application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


PIB

(taxation) Initialism of pemberitahuan impor barang.


sotto voce

Unadapted borrowing from Italian sottovoce.


padri

From Malay paderi, from Portuguese padre (“priest”), from Old Galician-Portuguese padre (“father”), from Latin pater, patrem (“father”), from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”).


rubato

Unadapted borrowing from Italian rubato.


misi

→ Malay: misi

From Dutch missie. Cognate to Afrikaans missie.

(Christianity, Roman Catholicism) religious evangelism.


rasi

From Malay rasi, from Sanskrit राशि (rāśi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *rāśíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rāćíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”).

(astrology) a sign of the zodiac (as being a certain sum or quantity of degrees), one-twelfth part of the ecliptic, an astrological house


kedudukan

kêdudukan (canonical)
kedudukan-kedudukan (plural)

Affixed duduk + ke- -an, inherited from Malay kedudukan, from Classical Malay kedudukan.

(law) standing: the right of a party to bring a legal action, based on the relationship between that party and the matter to which the action relates.


idée fixe

Unadapted borrowing from French idée fixe (“idée fixe, obsession”, literally “fixed idea”).

ubor

(psychiatry, psychology) idée fixe, obsession


kasino

From Dutch casino, from Italian casino, diminutive form of casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage, hut”).


UB

Universitas Brawijaya
w:id:Universitas Brawijaya

(education) Initialism of Universitas Brawijaya.


rosario

From Malay rosario, from Portuguese rosário (“rosary”), from Latin rosarium.


MAN

madrasah aliah
madrasah aliah#Indonesian

(education) acronym of madrasah aliah negeri.


FIA

(education) Initialism of fakultas ilmu administrasi.


bahu

* Inherited from Malay bahu, from Classical Malay bahu, from Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *baHźʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Doublet of baju.
* Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦲꦸ (bahu, “arm, village assistant”), from Old Javanese bāhu (“arm”), from the same Sanskrit बाहु (bāhu). See also Javanese bahudendha (“powerful”), from Old Javanese bāhudaṇḍa (“arm; assistant, guard, protection”, literally “long arm, arm-staff”), from Sanskrit बाहुदण्ड (bāhudaṇḍa, “long arm, arm-staff”).

cog

(music, figurative) edge of musical percussion instrument that takes the form of a flat, circular metal disc which is hit with a mallet, such as gong (the shoulder of the instrument).


banyo

Borrowed from Dutch banjo, from English banjo. Compare Malay banjo.


proses

prosès (canonical)
proses-proses (plural)

From Dutch proces, from Middle Dutch proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin processus, past participle of procedo. Cognate of Afrikaans proses and West Frisian proses.


universitas

univêrsitas (canonical)
universitas-universitas (plural)

→ Malay: universitas

→ Tetum: universitas

Learned borrowing from Latin ūniversitās (“university”). Displaced, since 1954, earlier Dutch loanwords universiteit, universitet and universitit.


metrum

mètrum (canonical)
metrum-metrum (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin metrum (“measure”) via Dutch metrum, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”). Doublet of meter.


klik

(linguistics): an ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.


haram

From Malay haram, from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām). Doublet of harem.

(Islam) haram: forbidden by Islam: unlawful, sinful.


madrasah

From Malay madrasah, from Arabic مَدْرَسَة (madrasa).


substantif

From Dutch substantief, from New Latin nōmen substantīvum.


aliran

Inherited from Malay aliran. Equivalent to alir + -an.


Kristus

Learned borrowing from Latin Chrīstus (“Christ”), from Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós), proper noun use of χρῑστός (khrīstós, “the anointed one”), a calque of Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”) and Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ).

der

Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ)


faksi

From Dutch factie (“faction”), from Middle French faction, from Latin factiō, factiōnem. Doublet of fatsun and fesyen.

Salah satu ciri Partai Demokratik Liberal adalah bahwa semua anggotanya dalam Diet mengelompok dalam faksi.

A characteristic of Liberal Democratic Party is the members in Diet groups in faction(s).

(politics) faction, a group of people, especially within a political organization, which expresses a shared belief or opinion different from people who are not part of the group.


faksi

(literature) a fictional story based on a real story or characters


akropolis

From Ancient Greek ἀκρόπολις (akrópolis), from ἄκρος (ákros, “topmost”, “tip”, “summit”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


solfeggio

Unadapted borrowing from Italian solfeggio.

ubor

(music) solfeggio, solfège: a method of sight singing that uses the syllables do (originally ut), re, mi, fa, sol (or so), la, and si (or ti) to represent the seven principal pitches of the scale, most commonly the major scale. The fixed-do system uses do for C, and the moveable-do system uses do for whatever key the melody uses (thus B is do if the piece is in the key of B). The relative natural minor of a scale may be represented by beginning at la.


bezit

From Dutch bezit (“possession; estate”).


BKT

(education) Initialism of biaya kuliah tunggal.


lenso

From Papuan Malay [Term?] or Ambonese Malay [Term?], from Portuguese lenço, from Old Galician-Portuguese lenço, from Latin linteum (“linen cloth”), from linteus.

(dance) tari lenso: a social dance with handkerchief as prop.


ayat

From Malay ayat, from Arabic آيَة (ʔāya, “sign, token”).

Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia adalah Kepolisian Nasional yang merupakan satu kesatuan dalam melaksanakan peran sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1).

National Police Republic of Indonesia is national police in unity in application of the role in the clause (1).

(accounting) entry: a formal record that documents a transaction.


Markus

(biblical) Mark (disciple of Jesus, author of the Gospel of Matthew)


renvoi

Borrowed from Dutch renvooi, from French renvoi.

(law) a situation in which a court, tasked with deciding which state's law should apply to a case, decides to apply the law of the forum, based on the determination that a court from another involved state would also apply the law of the forum.


stok

From Dutch stock, from Middle Dutch stoc, from Old Dutch stok, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz.

(trading) A store of goods ready for sale; inventory.


BEM

(education) Acronym of badan eksekutif mahasiswa (“student's executive council”).


trompet

(music) A trumpet (especially one of European origin)


batalyon

(military) military official form of batalion


brigadir

From Dutch brigadier, from French brigadier.


faqih

(Islam, law, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of fakih (“faqih”)


referat

From Dutch referaat, from German Referat, from Latin referat, referō.

(medicine, education) report, abstract, summary.


Kristen

From Dutch christen (“Christian”), from Middle Dutch cristen, variant of kersten, from Old Dutch [Term?], from, Ancient Greek Χρῑστιᾱνός (Khrīstiānós) from Latin Christiānus.

(Christianity) Christianity, an Abrahamic religion originating from the community of the followers of Jesus Christ.


kabinet

kabinèt (canonical)
kabinet-kabinet (plural)

→ Min Nan: 甲辦 /甲办, 甲角

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch kabinet (“cabinet”), from Middle French cabinet, cabin, from Old French cabane, from Medieval Latin capanna (“a cabin”), of uncertain origin; possibly a metathesis of Latin canaba. Doublet of kabana and kabin.

(politics, government) group of ministers.


komandan

→ Min Nan: 公勃壟 /公勃垄 (kong-pu̍t-lóng)

From Dutch commandant (“commandant”), from French commandant.


konduktor

Learned borrowing from Latin conductor. Doublet of kondektur.
* Semantic loan from English conductor for music sense.

(music) a person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting.


kreditor

(finance, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of kreditur (“creditor”)


kupon

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch coupon, from French coupon, couper (“to cut”).

(finance, obsolete) A certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the interest is due; an interest warrant.

(finance) Any interest payment made or due on a bond, debenture or similar (no longer by a physical coupon).


kurs

→ Tetum: kurs

From Dutch koers (“rate, price”), from Middle Dutch coers, from Middle French cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus. Doublet of kursus.
* Semantic loan from Dutch wisselkoers (“exchange rate”)


lektor

From Dutch lector, from Latin lēctor (“lecturer, reader”).

(education) functional position of lecturer.

(education) assistant professor (academic rank)

(education) (senior) assistant professor (academic rank)

(Christianity) lector, a lay person who reads aloud certain religious texts in a church service.


ministri

(Christianity) The clergy of nonapostolic Protestant churches.


M.A.

(education) Abbreviation of Magister Akuntansi.


folklor

Borrowed from Dutch folklore, from English folklore.

(literature) folklore: the tales, legends, superstitions and traditions of a particular ethnic population.


misteri

mistéri (canonical)
misteri-misteri (plural)

From Dutch mysterie, from Latin mysterium, from Ancient Greek μυστήριον (mustḗrion, “a mystery, a secret, a secret rite”), from μύστης (mústēs, “initiated one”), from μυέω (muéō, “I initiate”), from μύω (múō, “I shut”).

der

(Christianity) A religious truth not understandable by the application of human reason alone (without divine aid).


inversi

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch inversie, from French inversion.

(grammar) Deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis


katarsis

From Dutch catharsis, from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis, “cleansing, purging”), from καθαίρω (kathaírō, “I cleanse”).

(drama, literature) A release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy).

(psychology) A therapeutic technique to relieve tension by re-establishing the association of an emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and then eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction).

(Christianity) A purification or cleansing, especially emotional.


radikal

From Dutch radicaal, from French radical, from Late Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”), from Latin rādīx (“root”).

(politics) favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter.


delusi

a false belief that is resistant to confrontation with actual facts.

(psychiatry, psychology) delusion:
the state of being deluded.

that which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false belief; error in belief.


intensi

From Dutch intentie (“intention”), from Middle French intention, from Old French entencion, borrowed from Latin intentiō, intentiōnem.

intention
(Catholicism) intention of mass


intensi

From English intension, from Latin intēnsiō (“straining, effort; intensifying”), from intēnsus (“stretched”), perfect passive participle of intendō (“strain or stretch toward”).

(linguistics) intension, any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies.


astrologi

From Dutch astrologie, from Middle Dutch astrologie, from Latin astrologia (“astronomy”), from Ancient Greek ἀστρολογία (astrología, “telling of the stars”).


tona

From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

(linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.


Habel

From Ancient Greek Ἅβελ (Hábel), from Biblical Hebrew הֶבֶל (heḇel, “breath, vapor; vanity”), possibly from Akkadian 𒌉𒍑 (ablu, “son”).


kanit

(law enforcement) acronym of kepala unit.


antropologi

From Dutch antropologie, from New Latin anthropologia, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, mankind, human, humanity”) + -λογία (-logía).


gramatika

Borrowed from Dutch grammatica, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

der

a system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.

a book describing the rules of grammar of a language.

the study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).


anomali

From Dutch anomalie, from French anomalie, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “disaccord”).

(linguistics, politics) a deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier.

(physics, biology) any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not.

(biology, medicine) a defect or malformation.


kanan

Inherited from Malay kanan, from Proto-Malayic *kanan (compare Malay kanan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wanan (compare Ilocano kannawan, Kapampangan uanan, Tagalog kanan), from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wanaN.

Kanan, kawan.

(politics) the ensemble of right-wing political parties; political conservatives as a group.


dingdong

(video games) an establishment that runs coin-operated games.


emisi

From Dutch emissie, from Middle French émission, from Latin ēmissiō (“sending forth”), from ēmittō (“send out”), from ex (“from, out of”) + mittō (“send”).

emission, release,
(economics) of securities.

emission, release,
(finance) of banknote.


naamloze vennootschap

id-noun

naamloze vennootschap (plural naamloze-naamloze vennootschap)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch naamloze vennootschap (“public limited company, corporation”, literally “anonymous company”).

ubor

public limited company
public limited company

(business, law) public limited company, corporation


zen

From Japanese 禅 (ぜん, zen), from Middle Chinese 禪 (MC dzyen) (compare Mandarin 禅 (chán), an abbreviation of 禪那 (MC dzyen na), from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “a type of meditation”). Akin to dhyana.


vigili

From Latin vigil, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of baja.

(Catholicism) vigil, the eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.


AN

(education) Initialism of asesmen nasional (“national assessment”).


akun

* From Dutch account (“account”), from English account, from Middle English, from Anglo-Norman acunte (“account”), from Old French aconte, from aconter (“to reckon”), from Latin computō (“to sum up”).
* The management meaning is a semantic loan from English account (“account”).

semantic loan

(accounting, management) a registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review.


koin

(numismatics) a piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.

(cryptocurrencies) A cryptocurrency; a cryptocoin.


dupa

From Malay dupa, from Classical Malay دوڤا (dupa), from Sanskrit धूप (dhūpa).


salin

From Malay salin, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin.
* The sense of harvesting ceremony preparation is a semantic loan from Sundanese [Term?].


onderbouw

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch onderbouw (“foundation (of construction or education)”).

ubor

(literally, architecture, civil engineering) foundation of building


divisi

→ Malay: divisi

From Dutch divisie, from Old French division, from Latin divisio, divisionem. Cognate to Afrikaans divisie.

(military) a large military unit, usually with over 15,000 soldiers and divided into brigades.

division,
(business) a section of a company.


invasi

From Dutch invasie, from Middle French invasion, from Latin invāsiō.

(military) invasion, a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.


fusi

From Dutch fusie, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fusionem (the accusative of fusio), from fusus, past participle of fundere (“pour, melt”).

(business) the legal union of two or more corporations into a single entity, typically assets and liabilities being assumed by the buying party.

(phonology) a type of sound change where two or more sounds merge into one.


kurban

From Malay korban, from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān), from Aramaic קורבנא (qurbānā). Cognate to Hebrew קָרְבָּן (qorbān). Doublet of korban.

(Islam) the ritual sacrifice at Eid ul-Adha


habitus

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch habitus, from Latin habitus.

(sociology) habitus (the lifestyle, etc. of particular social groups)


kolonel

kolonèl (canonical)
kolonel-kolonel (plural)


debet

From Dutch debet, from Middle French debet (Modern French débit), from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt”).

(accounting, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of debit (“debit, receivable”)


miskal

Inherited from Malay miskal, from Arabic مِثْقَال (miṯqāl, “weight, unit of weight”).

der

mithqal, a unit of measure for weighing gold or silver, equivalent to around 4,2 grams.