Kuala Lumpur

Compound of kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”), from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


Johor Bahru

From Malay Johor Bahru; equivalent to Johor + baharu (“new”).

Johor Bahru (the capital city of Johor, Malaysia)


Ankara

From Turkish Ankara, ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor”).

Ankara (the capital city of Turkey and the capital of Ankara Province)


Jakarta

Derives from Sanskrit जयकर्ता (jayakartā, “that which causes victory”), from जय (jaya, “glory”) + कर्ता (kartā, “doer, accomplisher”).

compound

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


Bandar Seri Begawan

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


Kendal

Kendal (a city, the capital of Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)


Luksemburg

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)


Vatikan

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Singapura

From Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + पुर (pura, “city”). Equivalent to singa (“lion”) + pura (“city”).

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


Bengkulu

Bêngkulu (canonical)
Bengkoeloe (alternative)

Bengkulu (a city, the capital of Bengkulu province, Indonesia)


Yogyakarta

Jogjakarta (alternative)
Jogja (alternative)
Jokjakarta (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ (Ngayogyakarta), from Sanskrit अयोध्या (ayodhyā, “Ayodhya”, literally “unconquerable citadel”) + कृत (kṛta, “done, accomplished”).

compound

Special Region of Yogyakarta
Special Region of Yogyakarta#English

Yogyakarta (a city, the provincial capital of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia)


Atena

Learned borrowing from Latin Athēna (“Athena”), from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ).


Roma

Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)


Betlehem

From Dutch Bethlehem, from Latin Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem, “house of bread”).

der

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Nusantara

→ English: Nusantara

From Javanese Nusantara (ꦤꦸꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ, “the islands, Indonesia”), from Old Javanese nūsāntara (“the outer islands”). By surface analysis, blend of nusa + antara.

surf

Nusantara (the planned capital city of Indonesia, in East Kalimantan)

menusantara

to spread throughout the Nusantara; to be Indonesianized


Surabaya

Soerabaja (alternative)
Surabaja (alternative)

From Javanese ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ (surabaya), a compound word of ꦱꦸꦫ (sura, “white shark”) + ꦧꦪ (baya, “crocodile”), from Old Javanese sura, asura (“god, deity”) + bhaya (“danger, calamity”), from Sanskrit असुर (asura) + भय (bhaya).

com

Surabaya (the capital and largest city of East Java, Indonesia)


Bandung

Bandung (a city, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia)


Surakarta

From Javanese ꦱꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ (surakarta), ꦯꦸꦫꦑꦂꦡ (surakarta), from Sanskrit शूर (śūra, “brave, heroic”) + कृत (kṛta, “done, accomplished”).

compound

Surakarta (a city in Central Java, Indonesia)


Indramayu

Indramayu (a town, the capital of Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia)


Solo

From Javanese ꦱꦭ (Sala), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla, “Shorea robusta”, literally “house, hall”).

der

(usually informal) Surakarta (a city in Central Java, Indonesia)


Denpasar

Borrowed from Balinese ᬤᬾᬦ᭄ᬧᬲᬃ (denpasar).

Denpasar (a city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia)


Palembang

Palembang (a city, the provincial capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia)


Semarang

Semarang (a city in Central Java, Indonesia)


Makassar

From Dutch Makassar, from Portuguese Macáçar, from Malay Mengkasar, from Makasar Mangkasaraʼ.

the capital and largest city of South Sulawesi, Sulawesi, Indonesia


Pontianak

From Pontianak Malay pontianak, from Sanggau pontianak, a portmanteau compound of ponti (“carry”) + anak (“child”). Folklore says the pontianaks once inhabited the site before city founded by Sultan.

com+

the capital and largest city of West Kalimantan, Indonesia


Ternate

Ternate (a city in North Maluku, Indonesia)


Palu

Central Sulawesi
Central Sulawesi#English

Palu (the capital and largest city of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia)


Bogor

From Javanese bogor (“sugar palm”) or bokor (“large bowl made of metal”).


Tarim

Tarim, a city in Tarim district, Hadhramaut governorate, Yemen


Bima

West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara#English


Jayapura

From Sanskrit जयपुर (jayapura), जय (jaya, “victory”) + पुर (pura, “city”). Related to English Jaipur (“capital city of Rajasthan, India”).

cognate

Jayapura (the capital and largest city of Papua, Indonesia)


Pangkalpinang

From Malay Pangkal Pinang, from compound of pengkal (“base”) and pinang (“betel nut, Areca catechu”).

Bangka Belitung Islands
Bangka Belitung Islands#English

Pangkal Pinang (a city, the provincial capital of the Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia)


Batam

Batam (a city, the provincial capital of the Riau Islands, Indonesia)


Cirebon

Cirêbon (canonical)
Tjirebon (alternative)

Cirebon (a city in West Java, Indonesia)


Ngawi

From Javanese ꦔꦮꦶ (ngawi), a compound word of ꦲꦮꦶ (awi, “bamboo”), from Old Javanese ng (“Ng”) + awi (“awi”), from Sanskrit नग (naga) + वी (vī).


Wates

Kulon Progo Regency
Kulon Progo Regency#English

a district, the capital of Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia


Tegal

From Javanese Tegal, from tetegal or from Portuguese teteguall.


Samarinda

From earlier Samarendah, a univerbation of sama + rendah (“same low”).

Samarinda (a city, the provincial capital of East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Serang

From Sundanese sérang (“irrigated ricefield”).

bor

Serang (a city, the provincial capital of Banten, Indonesia)


Yerusalem

Learned borrowing from Latin Hierusalem, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim)

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Balikpapan

Balikpapan (a city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Bontang

From bon + tang, which means either "debt receipt" (long form utang (“debt”)) or "a group of comers" (long form pendatang (“comer”)).

Bontang (a city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Cilegon

Cilègon (canonical)
Tjilegon (alternative)


Kotamobagu

From Mongondow Kotamobagu (literally “new city”), from mobagu (“new”). Doublet of Kotabaru (“a regency in South Kalimantan”).


Mojokerto

Mojokêrto (canonical)
Modjokerto (alternative)

/mɔˈd͡ʒɔkərtɔ/

Mojokerto (a city, the capital of Mojokerto Regency, East Java, Indonesia)


Probolinggo

Probolinggo (a city in East Java, Indonesia)


Sukabumi

Sukabumi (a city in West Java, Indonesia)


Kota Hujan

nickname for Bogor, a large city in West Java, Indonesia


Ungaran

Ungaran (a city, the capital of Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)


Brebes

Brebes (a city, the capital of Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)


Purwokerto

From Javanese ꦥꦹꦂꦮ꧀ꦮꦏꦽꦠ (Purwakerta). Doublet of Purwakarta.

Purwokerto (a city, the capital of Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)


Sragen

Sragen (a city, the capital of Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)


Cianjur

Tjiandjoer (alternative)
Tjiandjur (alternative)

Cianjur (a city, the capital of Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia)


Majalengka

Majaléngka (canonical)
Madjalengka (alternative)

Majalengka (a town, the capital of Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia)


Karawang

Karawang (a town, the capital of Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia)


Cikarang

Cikarang (a town, the capital of Cikarang Regency, West Java, Indonesia)


Jember

Jêmbêr (canonical)
Djember (alternative)

Jember (a city, the capital of Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia)


Banyuwangi

Banjoewangi (alternative)
Banjuwangi (alternative)

Banyuwangi (a town, the capital of Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia)


Kertosono

Kertosono (a city, a district of Nganjuk Regency, East Java, Indonesia)


Rangkasbitung

Rangkas Bitung (alternative nonstandard)
Rangkasbetoeng (alternative historical)

Rangkasbitung (a town, the capital of Lebak Regency, Banten, Indonesia)


Merauke

Merauke (the capital and largest city of Merauke Regency, South Papua, Indonesia)


Penajam

Penajam North Paser
Penajam North Paser#English

Penajam (a town, a district, the capital of Penajam North Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Tenggarong

Borrowed from Tenggarong Kutai Malay Tenggarong, fusion from earlier tangga + arung, literally "house of the king".

bor+

Kutai Kartanegara
Kutai Kartanegara#English

Tenggarong (a town, a district, the capital of Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Sangatta

From earlier Tenggarong Kutai Malay Sengata → Sangata → Sangatta. There are some theories about its etymology:
* From Tenggarong Kutai Malay sengat (“to sting”), referring to the enemies being stung by bees, during a battle against the Kutainese at Kepet in 1546.
* From Sang Attak, the name of a legendary guard of the main Api-Api river, who tasked by Aji Pao.
* From the name of a tribal chief, who lived in the peak era of the Kingdom of Kutai.

der

Sangatta (a town, the capital of East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Tanjung Redeb

From an earlier form of Berau Malay Tanjung Raddab (“Cape Raddab”), from raddab (“coral tree”), ultimately derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapdap.

Tanjung Redeb (a district, a town, the capital of Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Tanah Grogot

From grogot, an onomatopoeia representing the sound of boat diesel engines, while crossing on the Kandilo river.

Tanah Grogot (a district, a town, the capital of Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Sendawar

From earlier Sentawar, from Tunjung Sen (short for Seniang or Sencelaman, the name of a god, also known as Nayuq) + tawar (“a big tasteless betelnut”).

Sendawar (a town, the capital of West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Ujoh Bilang

Ujoh Bilang (a village, the capital of Mahakam Ulu Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)