Malaysia

orang Malaysia


Austria

Internationalism, learned borrowing from Latin Austria, a Latinization of Old High German Ostarrîchi (the first element of which means "east" and stems from Proto-Germanic *austraz (“eastern”), and the second element of which is rīhhi (“realm”); it, in turn, is a calque of Latin Marchia austriaca (“eastern borderland”).


Estonia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Estonia.


Bulgaria

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Bulgaria.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Indonesia

From English Indonesia, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “Indus, India”) + νησιά (nēsiá, “islands”).

der

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Andorra

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Thailand

Unadapted borrowing from English Thailand.


Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Lebanon

From English Lebanon, from Biblical Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn), from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”) (Compare Hebrew לָבָן (lāḇān, “white”), Arabic لَبَن (laban, “milk”)).

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Israel

From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.

A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean

(biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people

(historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel

(historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah


Denmark

Internationalism, borrowed from English Denmark, from Danish Danmark, from Old Norse Danmǫrk.


Brunei

From Malay Brunei, from Classical Malay بروني (Brunei), probably ultimately from Sanskrit वरुण (váruṇa).


Iran

From Persian ایران (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”). See 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān) for word formation, further etymology and cognates. Doublet of aria, arya, Arya, and ayah.

der

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Armenia

Ultimately from Latin Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía) (early 5th century BC), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/) (late 6th century BC); see it for more.

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Albania

From Dutch Albanië, from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).


India

From Dutch India, from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “Indus river”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).


Sri Lanka

From Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Portugal

From Malay Portugal, from Classical Malay ڤورتوڬل (“Portugal”), from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Belarus

Internationalism, from Belarusian Белару́сь (Bjelarúsʹ), historical Бе́лая Русь (Bjélaja Rusʹ, “White Ruthenia or White Rus”), from Old East Slavic Бѣла Русь (Běla Rusĭ, “White Ruthenia or White Rus”).


Australia

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)

Rey menjalankan SMA-nya di Australia.


Georgia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Geōrgia.

lbor

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


Korea

From Malay Korea, ultimately from Sino-Korean 고려(高麗) (Goryeo).


sungai

Inherited from Malay sungai, from Proto-Malayic *suŋay.

a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea


Johor Bahru

From Malay Johor Bahru; equivalent to Johor + baharu (“new”).

Johor Bahru (the capital city of Johor, Malaysia)


Kuala Lumpur

Compound of kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”), from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


Asia

Inherited from Malay Asija, Azia, from Dutch Azië, ultimately from Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Asíā).


Ankara

From Turkish Ankara, ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor”).


Surinam

Alternative spelling of Suriname: Suriname (a country in South America)


Jakarta

Derives from Sanskrit जयकर्ता (jayakartā, “that which causes victory”), from जय (jaya, “glory”) + कर्ता (kartā, “doer, accomplisher”).

compound

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


Bali

From Balinese ᬩᬮᬶ, possibly from Sanskrit बलि-द्वीप (bali-dvīpa, “island of offerings”) or Sanskrit वली-द्वीप (valī-dvīpa, “island of waves”). From Sanskrit बलि (bali), Sanskrit वली (valī) or Sanskrit वलि (vali) and from Sanskrit द्वीप (dvīpa). Cf. Java.

der

Bali (an island and province of Indonesia)


Swiss

From English Swiss, reinforced by French Suisse.

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Jepang

From Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún).


Jepang

Japanese (pertaining to ethnic group or language)


oasis

From Late Latin Oasis, from Ancient Greek Ὄασις (Óasis), from Demotic wḥj, from Egyptian wḥꜣt (“oasis, cauldron”), G43-V28-G1-X1:N25Doublet of wahah.

a spring of fresh water, surrounded by a fertile region of vegetation, in a desert.


Amerika Serikat

Compound of Amerika + serikat, from calque of English United States of America.

clq

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


pulau

Inherited from Malay pulau, from Proto-Malayic *pulaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulaw.
Cognates
Cognate with Minangkabau pulau, Sundanese ᮕᮥᮜᮧ (pulo), Balinese ᬧᬸᬮᭀ (pulo), Javanese ꦥꦸꦭꦺꦴ (pulo), Uneapa vulo.

island (a contiguous area of land, smaller than a continent, totally surrounded by water)


Belgia

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Spanyol

From Malay Sepanyol, from Dutch spanjool (“Spaniard”), from Spanish español (“Spanish”), from Old Occitan espaignol, from Vulgar Latin *Hispāniolus (“of Spain”), from Latin Hispānus, from Hispānia.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Rusia

From Medieval Latin Russia, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Varangians, inhabitants of Rus”).

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Belanda

From Malay Belanda, from Javanese ꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦢ (walanda), from Portuguese Holanda (“Holland”), from Old Dutch holt lant (“woodland”).

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Jerman

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Cina

Through Malay Cina, from a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (Cīna), itself likely deriving from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “State of Qin, Qin dynasty”). Compare Latin Sinae, Ancient Greek Θῖνα (Thîna), Arabic اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn), Chinese 支那 (Zhīnà), Chinese 震旦 (Zhèndàn), Japanese 支那 (shina) and English China.

cog

Arabic اَلصِّين (aṣ-ṣīn)

any of several Sinitic languages or dialects spoken in China, especially Literary Chinese, Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu or Min Nan.


Papua

New Guinea (a large island in the Pacific Ocean)

a region in Oceania, the Indonesian part of the island of New Guinea


bandar

id-noun

bandar (plural bandar-bandar, first-person possessive bandarku, second-person possessive bandarmu, third-person possessive bandarnya)

bandar-bandar (plural)
bandarku (first-person possessive)
bandarmu (possessive second-person)
bandarnya (possessive third-person)

Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar).

sl

croupier, banker: the person who collects bets and pays out winnings at a gambling table.


Türkiye

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish Türkiye.

ubor

(neologism, uncommon) Turkey (a country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Rumania

From Dutch Roemenië, Spanish Rumania, from Romanian România, from New Latin Rōmānia, from Ancient Greek Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Rhōmāníā).


Irak

From Dutch Irak, from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq, “Iraq”), of uncertain derivation. Medieval Arabic uses ‘Iraq’ as a geographical term for the area in the south and center of the modern Iraq. Some Arabic sources say that Iraq comes from عَرِيق (ʕarīq, “deep-rooted”), from عِرْق (ʕirq, “root”), while others say it is from Middle Persian's Middle Persian ˀl'k' (/erāg/, “lowlands”), due to historic rule from Iraq's plateau-situated neighbor, Persia.

der

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Anatolia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Anatolia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise, place from where the sun rises, the east”), from ἀνατέλλω (anatéllō, “I rise”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + τέλλω (téllō, “I perform, accomplish, rise”), because Anatolia was east of Greece.

A peninsula in Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. Bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highland to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west.


danau

id-noun

danau (first-person possessive danauku, second-person possessive danaumu, third-person possessive danaunya)

danauku (first-person possessive)
danaumu (possessive second-person)
danaunya (possessive third-person)

From Malay danau, from Classical Malay danau, from Proto-Malayic *danaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw (“lake”).


Kamboja

From Khmer កម្ពុជា (kampuciə), from Pali kamboja, ultimately from Sanskrit काम्बोज (kāmboja, the name of a tribe mentioned in Hindu scripture). Doublet of kemboja.


Afganistan

From Dutch Afghanistan, from Persian افغان (afğân, “Afghan”) or Arabic أَفْغَان (ʔafḡān, “Afghan”) + Persian ـستان (-estân, “place of”).

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Amerika

From New Latin America, named after cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.

America (the continents of North America and South America)

United States of America (a country in North America)


Perak

Unadapted borrowing from Javanese perak (ꦥꦺꦫꦏ꧀, “silver”).


Perancis

Nonstandard form of Prancis.: France (a country in Western Europe)


Sumatra

→ English: Sumatra


Ukraina

From Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína), from Old Ukrainian оукраина (ukraina), from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina), from оу (u, “at”) + краи (krai, “edge, rim”).

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Kirgizstan

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Palestina

Paléstina (canonical)
duplication (plural)

Borrowed from Dutch Palestina (“Palestine”), from Latin Palaestīna (“Roman province of Palestine”), from Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē, “Philistia and the surrounding region”), from Hebrew פְּלֶשֶׁת (p'léshet, “Philistia, land of the Philistines”).


Libanon

From Dutch Libanon, from Biblical Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn), from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”) (Compare Hebrew לָבָן (lāḇān, “white”), Arabic لَبَن (laban, “milk”)).

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Inggris

From earlier Inggeris, from Malay Inggeris, from Portuguese ingrês, a now obsolete form of Portuguese inglês, from Old French angleis, from Old English Englisċ. Compare Tagalog Ingles.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland#English:_Q174193

w:Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927

Irish Free State
Irish Free State#English

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (The official name of the United Kingdom 1801-1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).)


Maroko

From Dutch Marokko, from Portuguese Marrocos and/or Spanish Marruecos, from Arabic مُرَّاكُش (murrākuš), from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”).


laut

id-noun

laut (first-person possessive lautku, second-person possessive lautmu, third-person possessive lautnya)

lautku (first-person possessive)
lautmu (possessive second-person)
lautnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay laut, from Classical Malay laut (“sea”), from Proto-Malayic *laut (“towards the sea”), replaces an earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.


Bandar Seri Begawan

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


telaga

têlaga (plural telaga-telaga, first-person possessive telagaku, second-person possessive telagamu, third-person possessive telaganya)

têlaga (canonical)
telaga-telaga (plural)
telagaku (first-person possessive)
telagamu (possessive second-person)
telaganya (possessive third-person)

From Malay telaga (attested in Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD as talāga), from Old Javanese talaga (“tank, pool, pond”), from Prakrit talāga, taḍāga, from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”). Cognate of Javanese ꦠ꧀ꦭꦒ (tlaga), Kapampangan talaga, Sundanese ᮒᮜᮌ (talaga, “lake”), and Ternate talaga (“lake”).


benua

id-noun

bênua (first-person possessive benuaku, second-person possessive benuamu, third-person possessive benuanya)

bênua (canonical)
benuaku (first-person possessive)
benuamu (possessive second-person)
benuanya (possessive third-person)

From Malay benua, from Old Malay vanua, from Proto-Malayic *bənua, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua. Doublet of banua and wanua.


tasik

tasik (first-person possessive tasikku, second-person possessive tasikmu, third-person possessive tasiknya)

tasikku (first-person possessive)
tasikmu (possessive second-person)
tasiknya (possessive third-person)

From Malay tasik, Proto-Malayic *tasik, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tasik.


bukit

bukit (first-person possessive bukitku, second-person possessive bukitmu, third-person possessive bukitnya)

bukitku (first-person possessive)
bukitmu (possessive second-person)
bukitnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay bukit, from Proto-Malayic *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *bukit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukij, from Proto-Austronesian *bukij.


Sulawesi

→ English: Sulawesi

→ Dutch: Sulawesi

Sulawesi (an island in Indonesia, the world's eleventh-largest island)


segara

sêgara (first-person possessive segaraku, second-person possessive segaramu, third-person possessive segaranya)

sêgara (canonical)
segaraku (first-person possessive)
segaramu (possessive second-person)
segaranya (possessive third-person)

From Malay segara, from Sanskrit सागर (sāgara).


Kendal

Kendal (a regency of Central Java, Indonesia)

Kendal (a city, the capital of Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)


Norwegia

Learned borrowing from Latin Norwegia, Norvegia, from Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”), from norðr (“north”) + vegr (“way”).

lbor

Kingdom of Norway
Kingdom of Norway#English

A country in Scandinavia, in northern Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Norway.


Luksemburg

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)


Aceh

From Malay Aceh, from Classical Malay اچيه (Aceh), اچيه (Acéh), اچيه (Ace), اچيه (Acih), اچيه (Atjeh), from Acehnese Acèh.

Aceh (a special autonomous province of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra)


Antarktika

From Dutch Antarctica, from New Latin Antarctica, from Ancient Greek ἀνταρκτικός (antarktikós), from ἀντ- (ant-, “ant-, against, opposed”) + ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “Arctic”), from Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear”). The spelling change in Indonesian was proposed/accepted in January 2017 by Adi Budiwiyanto, previously spelled as Antartika.


Filipina

Originally from Spanish Filipinas, which was from Felipe (the name of a king of Spain).

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Singapura

From Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + पुर (pura, “city”). Equivalent to singa (“lion”) + pura (“city”).

compound

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)

Singapura (A 14th-century Malay kingdom centered in modern-day Singapore).


Transnistria

Transnistria (a breakaway country in Moldova)


Kazakstan

From Dutch Kazachstan, from Kazakh Қазақстан (Qazaqstan).

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Timor Leste

From Portuguese Timor Leste (“Timor-Leste”), Timor (“Timor”) + leste (“east”). Cognate of Indonesian Timor Timur and Tetum Timor Lorosa'e.

East Timor, Timor Leste (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)

East Timor (Indonesian province)
Timor-Leste
id:Timor Leste


Yunani

From Malay Yunani, from Classical Malay يوناني (Yunani), from Arabic اليُونَان (al-yūnān, “Greece”), from Persian یونان (yunân), from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).


pantai

id-noun

pantai (plural pantai-pantai, first-person possessive pantaiku, second-person possessive pantaimu, third-person possessive pantainya)

pantai-pantai (plural)
pantaiku (first-person possessive)
pantaimu (possessive second-person)
pantainya (possessive third-person)

From Malay pantai (“beach”), from Classical Malay pantai (“beach”).


Dominika

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


gunung

gunung (first-person possessive gunungku, second-person possessive gunungmu, third-person possessive gunungnya)

gunungku (first-person possessive)
gunungmu (possessive second-person)
gunungnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay gunung, from Classical Malay gunung, from Proto-Malayic *gunuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gunuŋ. Cognate of Javanese ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ (gunung), Sundanese ᮌᮥᮔᮥᮀ (gunung).


Yogyakarta

Borrowed from Javanese ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ (Ngayogyakarta), from Sanskrit अयोध्या (ayodhyā, “Ayodhya”, literally “unconquerable citadel”) + कृत (kṛta, “done, accomplished”).

compound

Special Region of Yogyakarta
Special Region of Yogyakarta#English

Yogyakarta (a city, the provincial capital of Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

Yogyakarta (an autonomous region of Indonesia)


Bengkulu

Bengkulu (a city, the capital of Bengkulu province, Indonesia).


lautan

id-noun

lautan (first-person possessive lautanku, second-person possessive lautanmu, third-person possessive lautannya)

lautanku (first-person possessive)
lautanmu (possessive second-person)
lautannya (possessive third-person)

Affixed laut (“sea”) + -an, from Malay lautan.

ocean (one of the five large bodies of water)


Betlehem

From Malay Betlehem from Dutch Bethlehem, from Latin Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem, “house of bread”).

der

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Nusantara

→ English: Nusantara

From Javanese Nusantara (ꦤꦸꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ, “the islands, Indonesia”), from Old Javanese nūsāntara (“the outer islands”).

der

Indonesian Archipelago, the islands comprising the country of Indonesia or to the geographical groups which include its islands.

Nusantara (the planned capital city of Indonesia, in East Kalimantan)


kanal

From Dutch kanaal, from Middle Dutch canael, from older canel, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“pipe, channel, canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of kanon.

channel, a specific radio frequency or band of frequencies, usually in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or codeword, and allocated by international agreement.


Eropa

From Malay Eropah, from Dutch Europa, from Latin Europa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).


Hongaria

From Dutch Hongarije. Compare with the Latin-borrowed Hungaria.


pelabuhan

id-noun

pelabuhan (first-person possessive pelabuhanku, second-person possessive pelabuhanmu, third-person possessive pelabuhannya)

pelabuhanku (first-person possessive)
pelabuhanmu (possessive second-person)
pelabuhannya (possessive third-person)

Affixed labuh + per- -an, from Malay pelabuhan.


tanjung

tanjung (first-person possessive tanjungku, second-person possessive tanjungmu, third-person possessive tanjungnya)

tanjungku (first-person possessive)
tanjungmu (possessive second-person)
tanjungnya (possessive third-person)


lembah

lembah (first-person possessive lembahku, second-person possessive lembahmu, third-person possessive lembahnya)

lembahku (first-person possessive)
lembahmu (possessive second-person)
lembahnya (possessive third-person)

Dari suatu lembah gelap dan suram
Menguapkan kabut mati dari suatu kerahasiaan

From a dark and gloomy valley
Evaporates dead fog from a secret

valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)


Finlandia

Learned borrowing from New Latin Finlandia, ultimately from Old Norse Finnland, likely through Swedish Finland.


kolam

id-noun

kolam (first-person possessive kolamku, second-person possessive kolammu, third-person possessive kolamnya)

kolamku (first-person possessive)
kolammu (possessive second-person)
kolamnya (possessive third-person)

Inherited from Malay kolam, from Tamil குளம் (kuḷam).


selat

selat (first-person possessive selatku, second-person possessive selatmu, third-person possessive selatnya)

selatku (first-person possessive)
selatmu (possessive second-person)
selatnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦱꦼꦭꦠ꧀ (selat), from Dutch salade, from Middle French salade, from Italian salata. Doublet of selada.

(cooking) a Javanese dish influenced by Western cuisine; consists of braised beef tenderloin served in thin watery sauce made from a mixture of garlic, vinegar, kecap manis (sweet soy sauce), Worcestershire sauce, water, and spiced with nutmeg and black pepper.


samudra

samudra (first-person possessive samudraku, second-person possessive samudramu, third-person possessive samudranya)

samudraku (first-person possessive)
samudramu (possessive second-person)
samudranya (possessive third-person)

From Malay samudera, from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).


Surabaya

From Javanese ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ (surabaya), a compound word of ꦱꦸꦫ (sura, “white shark”) + ꦧꦪ (baya, “crocodile”), from Old Javanese sura, asura (“god, deity”) + bhaya (“danger, calamity”), from Sanskrit असुर (asura) + भय (bhaya).

com

Surabaya (the capital and largest city of East Java, Indonesia)


Insulinde

From Dutch Insulinde. Refer also to the related historical term Insulindia, especially in relation to other past colonial rules.

(historical, literary) The Indonesian Archipelago


Bandung

Bandung (a city, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia).

Bandung (a regency of West Java, Indonesia).


Surakarta

From Javanese ꦱꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ (surakarta), ꦯꦸꦫꦑꦂꦡ (surakarta), from Sanskrit शूर (śūra, “brave, heroic”) + कृत (kṛta, “done, accomplished”).

compound

Surakarta (a city in central Java, Indonesia)


Indramayu

Indramayu (a town, the capital of Indramayu Regency, West Java, Indonesia)

Indramayu (a regency of West Java, Indonesia)


semenanjung

id-noun

sêmênanjung (first-person possessive semenanjungku, second-person possessive semenanjungmu, third-person possessive semenanjungnya)

sêmênanjung (canonical)
semenanjungku (first-person possessive)
semenanjungmu (possessive second-person)
semenanjungnya (possessive third-person)

peninsula (a piece of land projecting into water)


Hungaria

From Latin Hungaria, by analogy with English Hungary. Compare with Hongaria, a borrowing from Dutch.


Yaman

From Malay Yaman, from Arabic اَلْيَمَن (al-yaman)

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Solo

From Javanese ꦱꦭ (Sala), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla, “Shorea robusta”, literally “house, hall”).

der

Surakarta (a city in Central Java, Indonesia)


Denpasar

Borrowed from Balinese ᬤᬾᬦ᭄ᬧᬲᬃ (denpasar).

Denpasar (a city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia).


Kartago

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)

Carthage (an ancient civilisation in North Africa, centred on the city of Carthage)


Mesir

From Malay Mesir,
from Classical Malay Mesir, from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr, “Egypt”).

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Kroasia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Republik Tiongkok

Republic of China
Republic of China#English:_Q865

Republic of China (a country in East Asia, modern-day Taiwan, the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)


Republik Rakyat Tiongkok

People's Republic of China#English:_Q148

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

People's Republic of China (The official name of China, sometimes contrasted to the Republic of China (Taiwan).)


Tiongkok

Chinese (of, from, or related to the People's Republic of China)


Aram

Yakub melarikan diri ke tanah Aram, dan Israel memperhambakan diri untuk mendapat isteri, ya, untuk mendapat isteri ia menjadi gembala.

1985, Alkitab Bahasa Indonesia Sehari-hari (BIS), Kitab Hosea 12:12:

Jacob fled to the land of Aram, and Israel worked for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep.

Aram (historical region corresponding to present-day Syria and northern Israel)


Semarang

Semarang (a city in Central Java, Indonesia)

Semarang (a regency of Central Java, Indonesia; capital: Ungaran)


Palembang

Palembang (a city, the provincial capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia).


batang

id-noun

batang (first-person possessive batangku, second-person possessive batangmu, third-person possessive batangnya)

batangku (first-person possessive)
batangmu (possessive second-person)
batangnya (possessive third-person)

From Malay batang, from Classical Malay batang, from Proto-Malayic *bataŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataŋ.

a log; the trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches

a branch, any of the parts of something that divides like the branch of a tree.


batang

From Javanese ꦧꦛꦁ (bathang, “corpse”), from Old Javanese baṭaṅ (“corpse”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataŋ.


Arab Saudi

From calque of Arabic الْمَمْلَكَة الْعَرَبِيَّة السَّعُودِيَّة (al-mamlaka(t) al-ʕarabiyya(t) as-saʕūdiyya, “Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”).

clq

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Afrika Selatan

id-noun

Afrika Selatan (first-person possessive Afrika Selatanku, second-person possessive Afrika Selatanmu, third-person possessive Afrika Selatannya)

Afrika Selatan ku (first-person possessive)
Afrika Selatan mu (possessive second-person)
Afrika Selatan nya (possessive third-person)

Calque of Dutch Zuid-Afrika or Calque of English South Africa as Afrika + selatan.

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


bengawan

bêngawan (first-person possessive bengawanku, second-person possessive bengawanmu, third-person possessive bengawannya)

bêngawan (canonical)
bengawanku (first-person possessive)
bengawanmu (possessive second-person)
bengawannya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦔꦮꦤ꧀ (bangawan, “large river”), from Old Javanese baṅawan (“(great) river”).


Kalimantan

Unknown
* possibly from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) + मन्थन (manthana, “churning”).
* possibly from Javanese ("diamond river")

compound

Kalimantan (A region in Southeast Asia; the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo)

A former province of Indonesia, capital: Banjarmasin


Turki

Turkey (a country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Siprus

Borrowed from Dutch Cyprus, from Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Selandia Baru

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Jawa

From Malay Jawa, from Javanese ꦗꦮ (jawa),
* From Sanskrit यव (yava, “barley, grain”).
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zawa, from Proto-Austronesian *zawa. Cognate of Javanese ꦗꦼꦮꦮꦸꦠ꧀ (jewawut, “foxtail millet”).


Prancis

From earlier spelling Perancis, from Malay Perancis (“French”). Doublet of pirang.

Perancis

nonstandard Indonesian, superseded spelling


Republik Irlandia

Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland#English


Pantai Gading

Calque of French Côte d’Ivoire as pantai (“coast”) + gading (“ivory”).

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Korea Utara

North Korea (a country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea)


Yordania

From Dutch Jordanië, from Latin Iordanēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”).

der

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Antigua dan Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in the Caribbean)


Wakanda

From English Wakanda, a fictional country in Marvel Comics. There is no clear reason why this is used by Indonesians as a pejorative to refer their own country, since the correlations are unclear, but it is most likely an algospeak, specifically to avoid censorship.


Papua Nugini

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Merak

Merak (a port town in Cilegon Regency, Banten, Indonesia)


Tanjung Verde

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Johor Baru

From Malay Johor Bahru; equivalent to Johor + baru (“new”).

Johor Bahru (the capital city of Johor, Malaysia)


kelurahan

id-noun

kêlurahan (plural kelurahan-kelurahan, first-person possessive kelurahanku, second-person possessive kelurahanmu, third-person possessive kelurahannya)

kêlurahan (canonical)
kelurahan-kelurahan (plural)
kelurahanku (first-person possessive)
kelurahanmu (possessive second-person)
kelurahannya (possessive third-person)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦼꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ (kelurahan)

Affixed lurah (“urbanized fourth-level administrative division chief executive officer”) + ke- -an, borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ (kalurahan). Doublet of kalurahan.

bor+

A county-level division below the kecamatan government in Indonesia.


Pontianak

From Pontianak Malay pontianak, from pintu anak air.

The capital and largest city of West Kalimantan, Indonesia


Ternate

Ternate (an island in North Maluku, Indonesia)

Ternate (a city in North Maluku, Indonesia)


Suriah

Republik Arab Suriah

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


muara

id-noun

muara (first-person possessive muaraku, second-person possessive muaramu, third-person possessive muaranya)

muaraku (first-person possessive)
muaramu (possessive second-person)
muaranya (possessive third-person)

From Malay muara, probably from Prakrit *muhavara, from Sanskrit मुख (mukha) + द्वार (dvāra) (compare to Tamil முகத்துவாரம் (mukattuvāram, “mouth (of river); estuary”)).

ncog

முகத்துவாரம்

mouth: the end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water.


Malingsia

Blend of maling (“thief”) + Malaysia, referring to Indonesian nationalist views about Malaysia as stealing Indonesian traditions and cuisine.

(slang, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Malaysia, Malaysian.


Kalimantan Utara

North Kalimantan
North Kalimantan#English

North Kalimantan (a province of Indonesia; capital: Tanjung Selor)


Kalimantan Barat

From earlier Kalimantan-Barat, from Kalimantan + barat (“west”).

West Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia.


Kalimantan Timur

From earlier Kalimantan-Timur, from Kalimantan + timur (“east”).

East Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia.


Kalimantan Selatan

From earlier Kalimantan-Selatan, from Kalimantan + selatan (“south”).

South Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia.


Kalimantan Tengah

From Kalimantan + tengah (“central, middle”).

Central Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia.


Adikarto

From Javanese Adikarto. Doublet of Adikarta.

(historical) A name of a former regency in present-day Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia (as Kabupaten Adikarto, Adikarto Regency) whose later merged with Kulon Progo Regency since 1951.

A village in Adimulyo district, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia.

A village in Muntilan district, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.


kontinen

id-noun

kontinen (plural kontinen-kontinen, first-person possessive kontinenku, second-person possessive kontinenmu, third-person possessive kontinennya)

kontinen-kontinen (plural)
kontinenku (first-person possessive)
kontinenmu (possessive second-person)
kontinennya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch continent, from French continent, from Latin continēns.


Palu

Central Sulawesi
Central Sulawesi#English

Palu (the capital and largest city of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia)


Kampar

→ English: Kampar

→ Dutch: Kampar

→ Chinese: 金寶／金宝 (jīnbǎo)

A river in the province of Riau, Indonesia

A regency of the province of Riau, Indonesia


Sulawesi Utara

North Sulawesi (a province of Indonesia)


Timor Timur

Compound of Timor (“Timor island”, literally “east”) + Timur (“east”). Cognate of Portuguese Timor Leste and Tetum Timor Lorosa'e.

compound

a former de facto province of Indonesia, whose territory corresponded to the previous Portuguese Timor and to the presently independent country of East Timor

East Timor (Indonesian province)
Timor-Leste
id:Timor Timur


Inggris Raya

Compound of Inggris + raya (“great”), partial calque of Dutch Groot-Brittannië (“Great Britain”), from Middle English, from Latin maior Britannia.

clq

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland#English

(historical) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922).


Britania Raya

Compound of Britania + raya (“great”), partial calque of Dutch Groot-Brittannië (“Great Britain”), from Middle English, from Latin maior Britannia.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland


Maladewa

Perhaps from Dutch Malediven, Maldiven. Possibly altered by phono-semantically matched folk etymology, reanalysed as a compound of mala- + dewa. Perhaps by law of Hobson-Jobson.

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Bogor

From Javanese bogor (“sugar palm”) or bokor (“large bowl made of metal”).

Bogor (a regency of West Java, Indonesia).


Banten

Banten (a province of Indonesia; capital: Serang; largest city: Tangerang)


Ceko

Ultimately from Czech Česko (“Czech”), likely via southern Romance languages, such as Italian ceco, Spanish checo, and Portuguese tcheco. Compare Japanese チェコ and English Czecho-.

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Syam

From Arabic شام (šām), الشَّام (aš-šām).

Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Bima

West Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara#English


wahah

From Malay wahah, from Arabic واحة (wāḥa), from Coptic ⲟⲩⲁϩⲓ (ouahi), from Demotic wḥj, from Egyptian G43-V28-G1-X1:N25 (wḥꜣt). Doublet of oasis.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">wḥꜣt</i>


Jayapura

From Sanskrit जयपुर (jayapura), जय (jaya, “victory”) + पुर (pura, “city”). Related to Jaipur (“capital city of Rajasthan, India”).

compound

Jayapura (the capital and largest city of Papua, Indonesia)

Komering Ulu Timur
Komering Ulu Timur#English

A village in Komering Ulu Timur Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia

A village in Lebak Regency, Banten, Indonesia

A village in Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia

A village in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, Indonesia


Jawa Barat

West Java (a province of Indonesia; capital: Bandung)


Jawa Timur

East Java (a province of Indonesia; capital: Surabaya)


Nusa Tenggara Timur

East Nusa Tenggara
East Nusa Tenggara#English

East Nusa Tenggara (a province of Indonesia; capital: Kupang)


Nusa Tenggara Barat

West Nusa Tenggara (a province of Indonesia; capital: Mataram)


Sumatra Utara

North Sumatra (a province of Indonesia; capital: Medan)


Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Special Region of Yogyakarta (an autonomous region of Indonesia; capital: Yogyakarta)


Sulawesi Barat

West Sulawesi (a province of Indonesia; capital: Mamuju)


Sulawesi Selatan

South Sulawesi (a province of Indonesia; capital: Makassar)


Sulawesi Tenggara

Central Sulawesi (a province of Indonesia; capital: Kendari)


Sumatra Barat

West Sumatra (a province of Indonesia; capital: Padang)


Sulawesi Tengah

Central Sulawesi (a province of Indonesia; capital: Palu)


Sumatra Selatan

South Sumatra (a province of Indonesia; capital: Palembang)


Pangkalpinang

From Malay Pangkal Pinang, from compound of pengkal (“base”) and pinang (“betel nut, Areca catechu”).

Bangka Belitung Islands
Bangka Belitung Islands#English

Pangkal Pinang (a city, the provincial capital of the Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia)


Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

Bangka Belitung Islands (a province of Indonesia; capital: Pangkal Pinang)


Jawa Tengah

Central Java (a province of Indonesia; capital: Semarang)


Batam

Batam (a city, the provincial capital of the Riau Islands, Indonesia).


Belarusia

From Russian Белоруссия (Belorussija), historical Бе́лая Русь (Bjélaja Rusʹ, “White Ruthenia or White Rus”), from Old East Slavic Бѣла Русь (Běla Rusĭ, “White Ruthenia or White Rus”).


Bosnia dan Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Hambalang

Proyek Pusat Pendidikan Pelatihan Sekolah Olahraga Nasional (P3SON) di Hambalang, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat, kembali menjadi perbincangan.

2022, Aryo Putranto Saptohutomo, Proyek Hambalang dan Usul Dilanjutkan atau Dirobohkan:

The project of the National Sports School Training Education Centre (P3SON) at Hambalang, Bogor regency, West Java, was once again being discussed.

A village in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia.


Uni Emirat Arab

Compound of Uni + Emirat + Arab, from calque of English United Arab Emirates.

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Cirebon

Cirebon (a city in West Java, Indonesia)


Ngawi

From Javanese ꦔꦮꦶ (ngawi), a compound word of ꦲꦮꦶ (awi, “bamboo”), from Old Javanese ng (“Ng”) + awi (“awi”), from Sanskrit नग (naga) + वी (vī).


Wates

Kulon Progo Regency
Kulon Progo Regency#English

Special Region of Yogyakarta
Special Region of Yogyakarta#English

A district, the capital of Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia


Tegal

From Javanese Tegal, from tetegal or from Portuguese teteguall.

Tegal (a regency of Central Java, Indonesia; capital: Slawi).


Tepi Barat

Compound of tepi (“edge”) + barat (“west”).

West Bank (a region of Palestine, claimed by both the State of Palestine and Israel)


Irian

Constructed from:
* From Indonesian acronym Ikut Republik Indonesia Anti Nederlands (“Join Republic of Indonesia anti Netherlands”)
* From Biak iri-an (“land-hot”), referring to Papua's hot weather, and iryan (“heating process”) metaphorically in the process of entering new era.
* From Serui iri-an (“land-nation”),
* From Merauke iri-an (“placed higher-nation”)


Jaksel

bahasa anak Jaksel

Jakarta Selatan
Jakarta Selatan#Indonesian

(informal) Short for Jakarta Selatan (“South Jakarta (an administrative city in Indonesia)”).


Samarinda

From earlier Samarendah, an univerbation of sama + rendah (“same low”).

Samarinda (a city, the provincial capital of East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Pakpak Bharat

Pakpak + Bharat, the former is the name of a Batak ethnic subgroup. The latter is the native name of India, borrowed from Hindi भारत (bhārat), ultimately from Sanskrit भारत (bhārata); possibly added to reflect the mixed Indian origins of the Pakpaks.

A regency of the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia


Wanayasa

Possibly from Javanese ꦮꦤ (wana, “forest”) + ꦪꦱ (yasa, “building”).


Serang

Serang (a city, the provincial capital of Banten, Indonesia)


Yerusalem

Learned borrowing from Latin Hierusalem, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim)

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Balikpapan

Balikpapan (a city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Bontang

From bon + tang, which means either "debt receipt" (long form utang (“debt”)) or "a group of comers" (long form pendatang (“comer”)).

Bontang (a city in East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Mojokerto

/mɔˈd͡ʒɔkərtɔ/

Mojokerto (a city, the capital of Mojokerto Regency, East Java, Indonesia)

Mojokerto (a regency of East Java, Indonesia)


Laut Natuna Utara

South China Sea (specifically the area claimed as part of Indonesia's exclusive economic zone and disputed by China, Taiwan and Vietnam)


Probolinggo

Probolinggo (a city in East Java, Indonesia)


Sukabumi

Sukabumi (a city in West Java, Indonesia)

Sukabumi (a regency of West Java, Indonesia)


Republik Ceko

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Jalur Gaza

Gaza Strip (A region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


Laut Merah

Compound of laut (“sea”) + merah (“red”).

com+

Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Peninsula#English

Red Sea (a long, narrow sea between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula; links the Suez Canal with the Arabian Sea)


Brebes

Brebes (a city, the capital of Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)

Brebes (a regency of Central Java, Indonesia)


Sragen

Sragen (a city, the capital of Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)

Sragen (a regency of Central Java, Indonesia)


Purwokerto

Purwokerto (a city, the capital of Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)


Ungaran

Ungaran (a city, the capital of Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia)


Pasundan

State of Pasundan
State of Pasundan#English

State of Pasundan (a former state in Indonesia, roughly coterminous with West Java and Banten)


Karawang

Karawang (a town, the capital of Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia)

Karawang (a regency of West Java, Indonesia)


Cikarang

Cikarang (a town, the capital of Cikarang Regency, West Java, Indonesia)

Cikarang (a regency of West Java, Indonesia)


Majalengka

Majalengka (a town, the capital of Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia)

Majalengka (a regency of West Java, Indonesia)


Cianjur

Cianjur (a city, the capital of Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia)

Cianjur (a regency of West Java, Indonesia)


Ciliwung

From Sundanese ci haliwung (literally “cloudy water”)


Rangkasbitung

Rangkasbitung (a town, the capital of Lebak Regency, Banten, Indonesia)


Jember

Jember (a city, the capital of Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia)

Jember (a regency of East Java, Indonesia)


Banyuwangi

Banyuwangi (a town, the capital of Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia)

Banyuwangi (a regency of East Java, Indonesia)


Kertosono

Kertosono (a city, a district of Nganjuk Regency, East Java, Indonesia)


Merauke

Merauke (the capital and largest city of Merauke Regency, South Papua, Indonesia)

Merauke (a regency of South Papua, Indonesia)


Gangga

From Malay Gangga, from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā)


Glenmore

From English Glenmore. Named after a plantation owned by Englishman Ros Taylor.

Glenmore (a district of Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia)


dataran tinggi

id-noun

dataran tinggi (plural datar-dataran tinggi, first-person possessive dataran tinggiku, second-person possessive dataran tinggimu, third-person possessive dataran tingginya)

datar-dataran tinggi (plural)
dataran tinggi ku (first-person possessive)
dataran tinggi mu (possessive second-person)
dataran tinggi nya (possessive third-person)

dataran + tinggi, from Malay dataran tinggi


dataran banjir

dataran banjir (plural datar-dataran banjir, first-person possessive dataran banjirku, second-person possessive dataran banjirmu, third-person possessive dataran banjirnya)

datar-dataran banjir (plural)
dataran banjir ku (first-person possessive)
dataran banjir mu (possessive second-person)
dataran banjir nya (possessive third-person)


Republik Indonesia

Republic of Indonesia
Republic of Indonesia#English:_Q252

Republic of Indonesia (Official name for Indonesia.)


Republik Filipina

Republic of the Philippines#English:_Q928

Republic of the Philippines (Official name for Philippines.)


Republik Rakyat Demokratik Korea

Républik Rakyat Démokratik Koréa (canonical)

/reˌpu.blik ˌrak.jat de.moˌkra.tik koˈrɛ.a/

[reˌpu.blɪk̚ ˌrak̚.jat̪̚ de.moˌkra.t̪ɪk̚ koˈrɛ.a]

Democratic People's Republic of Korea#English:_Q423

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Official name of North Korea.)


Konoha

→ Malay: Konoha

Short for Konohagakure (from Japanese 木ノ葉隠れ (“Hidden Leaf Village”)), a fictional village mentioned in the Naruto franchise. Few similarities have been noted between Indonesia and the village, including the leaders and influential groups. Much like the term "Bolehland", it is used to mock failures or problems in Indonesian society.


Banglasia

Blend of Bangladesh + Malaysia, reversed counterpart of Malaydesh. First coined by 2015 Malaysian film Banglasia. Although the derogatory use has been originated from Malaysia itself since the film's inception, such use remained largely unknown in Indonesia, until it was later popularized by various anti-Malaysian groups in late 2023 due to a recent surge of Bangladeshi immigrants in Malaysia.

(derogatory, Internet slang, ethnic slur) Malaysia, especially in areas dominated by ethnic Bengalis


Malaydesh

Blend of Malaysia + Bangladesh, reversed counterpart of Banglasia. Along with Banglasia, it was popularized by various anti-Malaysia groups in late 2023 due to a recent surge of Bangladeshi immigrants in Malaysia. The earliest known use is from a blog post in 2010, with no derogatory meaning.

2024-07-26, Video by Cerita Kampung Halaman, youtube.com

008. Why the name "Malaysia" is incorrect, and instead, "Malaydesh" is correct according to grammar?

008. Mengapa Nama "MALAYSIA" Keliru dan Justru nama "MALAYDESH" Yang Tepat Secara Kaidah Bahasa?


Sepaku

From se- + paku, referring to the abundance of ferns in that district.

Penajam North Paser
Penajam North Paser#English

Sepaku (a district of Penajam North Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Lanny Jaya

Lani + Jaya, literally means "victorious Lani". The first component is not meant for a given name, instead, simply an orthographic variation of Lani, an ethnic group in Papua.

A regency of the province of Highland Papua, Indonesia


Cihampelas

From Sundanese ci (“body of water”) + hampelas (“a tree; Ficus ampelos”)

A district of the regency of West Bandung, province of West Java, Indonesia


Sambutan

From sambut + -an, of which the word sambut was originally meant "to help".

Sambutan (a district of Samarinda city, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Penajam

Penajam (a town, a district, the capital of Penajam North Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Tenggarong

Borrowed from Tenggarong Kutai Malay Tenggarong, fusion from earlier tangga + arung, literally "house of the king".

bor+

Kutai Kartanegara
Kutai Kartanegara#English

Tenggarong (a town, a district, the capital of Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Sangatta

From earlier Tenggarong Kutai Malay Sengata → Sangata → Sangatta. There are some theories about its etymology:
* From Tenggarong Kutai Malay sengat (“to sting”), referring to the enemies being stung by bees, during a battle against the Kutainese at Kepet in 1546.
* From Sang Attak, the name of a legendary guard of the main Api-Api river, who tasked by Aji Pao.
* From the name of a tribal chief, who lived in the peak era of the Kingdom of Kutai.

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Sangatta (a town, the capital of East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Tanjung Redeb

From an earlier form of Berau Malay Tanjung Raddab (“Cape Raddab”), from raddab (“coral tree”), ultimately derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapdap, possibly through a non-Malayic substrate (notice initial rhotacism).

Tanjung Redeb (a district, a town, the capital of Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Tanah Grogot

From grogot, an onomatopoeia representing the sound of boat diesel engines, while passing on the Kandilo river.

Tanah Grogot (a district, a town, the capital of Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Sendawar

From earlier Sentawar, from Tunjung Sen (short for Seniang or Sencelaman, the name of a god, also known as Nayuq) + tawar (“a big tasteless betelnut”).

Sendawar (a town, the capital of West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Ujoh Bilang

Ujoh Bilang (a village, the capital of Mahakam Ulu Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Samboja

Samboja (a district of Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)


Republik Demokratik Kongo

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)