on

apocopic form of onu; one, someone, they (indefinite personal pronoun)

onu

The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered


el

head

el (plural eli, possessive elua, possessive plural elui)

eli (plural)
elua (possessive)
elui (plural possessive)


qua

Borrowed from French qui, que, Italian che, Spanish que, ultimately from Latin quī / quid.

Esis tre jentila homo qua helpis ni.

Qua esas ita kerlo?

Me ne konocas qua ita esas.


me

English language
French language
Italian language
Spanish language

From English me, French me, Italian me, Spanish me, from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”).

Me es tre felica.

Ka vu parolas a me?


ni

(personal) we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


ta

Ta esas plu forta, ma ca plu bela.

That person is stronger, but this person is prettier.

alternative form of ita (“that person, that thing”)


ol

ol (plural oli, possessive olua, possessive plural olui)

oli (plural)
olua (possessive)
olui (plural possessive)


li

From lu (“he, him, she, her, it, that”) + -i (“-s; plural”).


ti

Ti esas plu forta, ma ci plu bela.

Those guys are stronger, but these guys are prettier.

Yes, ma me kredas ke ti esas plu bona.

Yes, but I think that those (things) are better.

alternative form of iti (“those people, those things”)


lu

Back-formation from ilu (“he, him”), elu (“she, her”) and olu (“it”).

Me ne savas ka lu es viro o muliero.

I don't know if he/she is a man or a woman.

Third-person singular pronoun for referents of any gender; he/him, she/her, it or that


tu

Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish tú, Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with + -u.

(informal, familiar) you (singular), thou


lo

Back-formation from co (“this”), to (“that”), based on la (“the”), ol (“it”).

Il esas mortinta de tri monati, e vu ne savas lo!

He's been dead for three months, and you didn't know it (that he's been dead for three months)!

referring to a previous sentence or phrase, i.e. a fact rather than an object; it, the


sisar

head

sisar (present tense sisas, past tense sisis, future tense sisos, imperative sisez, conditional sisus)

sisas (present)
sisis (past)
tense sisos (future)
sisez (imperative)
sisus (conditional)
sisar (infinitive present)
sisir (infinitive past)
sisor (future infinitive)
sisas (present)
sisis (past)
sisos (future)
sisus (conditional present)
sisez (imperative present)
sisanta (active adjective participle present)
sisinta (active adjective participle past)
sisonta (active adjective future participle)
sisante (active adverbial participle present)
sisinte (active adverbial participle past)
sisonte (active adverbial future participle)
sisanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
sisinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
sisonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
sisanti (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
sisinti (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
sisonti (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
sisata (adjectival participle passive present)
sisita (adjectival participle passive past)
sisota (adjectival future participle passive)
sisate (adverbial participle passive present)
sisite (adverbial participle passive past)
sisote (adverbial future participle passive)
sisato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
sisito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
sisoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
sisati (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
sisiti (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
sisoti (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)

Borrowed from Spanish sisear, onomatopoeic.


su

su (reflexive, possessive sua, possessive plural sui)

sua (possessive)
sui (plural possessive)

From Esperanto si, from French se, Italian sé, Spanish se, ultimately from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé + -u (“personal pronoun ending”).

La soldati defensis su brave.

The soldiers defended themselves bravely.

self, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves (reflexive pronoun, 3rd person, singular or plural)


il

il (plural ili, possessive ilua, possessive plural ilui)

ili (plural)
ilua (possessive)
ilui (plural possessive)


vu

Borrowed from French vous, Italian voi, Spanish vos, Russian вы (vy), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs, with the Ido ending + -u.


ita

Borrowed from English that, Russian тот (tot), та (ta), то (to), Latin iste. Formed after ica (“this”).

Ita esas plu forta, ma ica plu bela.


qui

Esis tre jentila homi qui helpis ni.

Qui esas ita kerli?

Me ne konocas qui iti esas.


qui

Esis tre bona kulteli qui me tranchis per.

They were really good knives with which I cut.

Qui eventis?

Ka tu povas helpar me decidar qui metar?


quanta

Borrowed from Italian quanto, Spanish cuánto, ultimately from Latin quantus. In length also from English quantity, French quantité, German Quantität.

Quanta panon vu havas?

(interrogative pronoun) how much, how many


altro

From French autre, Italian altro, Spanish otro, from Latin alter, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élteros.


elu

Borrowed from French elle, Italian ella, Spanish ella (from Latin illa, feminine of ille) + -u (“denoting a person”).


nulo

From nula (“no, not any; nope”) + -o (“thing”).


ici

Ici gustas tre bon!


onu

Borrowed from Esperanto oni, English one, French on, Spanish uno + -u + [Term?] (“denoting a person”).

io-bor

Onu povas vidar la steli en la nokto.

one, someone, they (indefinite personal pronoun)


ito

Yes, ma me kredas ke ito esas plu bona.

Yes, but I think that that (thing) is better.


quo

Esis tre bona kultelo quo me tranchis per.

It was really good knife which I cut with.

Quo eventis?

Ka tu povas helpar me decidar quo metar?


iti

Iti esas plu forta, ma ici plu bela.

Those guys are stronger, but these guys are more handsome.


iti

Yes, ma me kredas ke iti esas plu bona.

Yes, but I think that those (things) is better.


quala

Borrowed from French quel, Italian quale, Spanish cual, ultimately from Latin quālis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís.

Quala librin vu prizas lektar?

(interrogative pronoun) what sort of, what kind of, what a, like


olu

Based on ilu (“he, him”) and elu (“she, her”) + -u (“denoting a person”).


ico

Ico gustas tre bon!


ilu

Borrowed from French il, from Vulgar Latin *illī, which is related to Classical Latin ille, + -u (“denoting a person”).


kande

Borrowed from French quand, Italian quando, Spanish cuando, cuándo, ultimately from Latin quandō. kande instead of quande so not to interfere with quanta.

Kande vu pagos vua debaji?


irgu

Kad irgu volas helpar me?


irgo

Kad irgo funcionas?


kelko

Donez ad me kelko.


omnu

Omnu es felica.


omno

Omno es mea.


altru

altra (“other, another”) + -u (person pronominal suffix).


nulu

nula (“no, not any; nope”) + -u (“person”)


singlu

From singla (“each”) + -u (person pronominal suffix).

Omnu parolis, singlu en sua linguo.

Everyone spoke, each one in his/her own language.


kand

Kand el pagos sua debaji?


pro ti

Pro ti esas la cielo blua.

Because of those (reasons) is the sky blue.

alternative form of pro iti, plural of pro to


pro to

Pro to esas la cielo blua.