-um

hestur (“horse”) + -um → hestum (“of horses”)

ríkur (“rich”) + -um → ríkum (“of (the) rich”)

used to form the dative plural of most nouns, all strong adjectives and most pronouns

telja (infinitive) + -um → við teljum (“we count or believe”) (indicative)

telja (infinitive) + -um → við teldum (“we would believe”) (subjunctive past)

used to form the first person plural of verbs in the indicative and subjunctive, past and present

stund (“time, hour”) + -um → stundum (“sometimes”)

langur (“long”) + -um → löngum (“oftentimes”)

used to form some adverbs from nouns or adjectives — it is actually a frozen dative


-ing

is-noun

-ing f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ingar, nominative plural -ingar)

-ingar (genitive singular)
-ingar (nominative plural)
-ing (indefinite nominative singular)
-ingin (definite nominative singular)
-ingar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ingarnar (definite nominative plural)
-ingu (accusative indefinite singular)
-inguna (accusative definite singular)
-ingar (accusative indefinite plural)
-ingarnar (accusative definite plural)
-ingu (dative indefinite singular)
-ingunni (dative definite singular)
-ingum (dative indefinite plural)
-ingunum (dative definite plural)
-ingar (genitive indefinite singular)
-ingarinnar (definite genitive singular)
-inga (genitive indefinite plural)
-inganna (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.

-ing; indicates an action performed by a verb


-a

spark (“a kick”) + -a → sparka (“to kick”)

mjólk (“milk”) + -a → mjólka (“to milk”)

von (“hope”) + -a → vona (“to hope”)

ávarp (“an address”) + -a → ávarpa (“to address”)

rit (“a writ”) + -a → rita (“to write”)

rass (“an ass”) + -a → rassa (“to spank (on the ass)”)


-a

illur (“bad”) + -a → illa (“badly”)


-ni

-ni f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ni, no plural)

-ni (genitive singular)
-ni (indefinite nominative singular)
-nin (definite nominative singular)
-ni (accusative indefinite singular)
-nina (accusative definite singular)
-ni (dative indefinite singular)
-ninni (dative definite singular)
-ni (genitive indefinite singular)
-ninnar (definite genitive singular)

ákveða (“to decide”) + -ni → ákveðni (“decisiveness”)

samkvæmur (“consistent”) + -ni → samkvæmni (“consistency”)


-un

-un f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -unar, no plural)

-unar (genitive singular)
-un (indefinite nominative singular)
-unin (definite nominative singular)
-un (accusative indefinite singular)
-unina (accusative definite singular)
-un (dative indefinite singular)
-uninni (dative definite singular)
-unar (genitive indefinite singular)
-unarinnar (definite genitive singular)

U-mutated variant of -an, from Old Norse -an, from Proto-Germanic *-ōniz.

þróa (“to develop”) + -un → þróun (“development”)

hafna (“to reject”) + -un → höfnun (“rejection”)

forms nouns from verbs (generally class 4 weak verbs) denoting the action or state described by the verb


-i

-i f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -i, no plural)

-i (indefinite nominative singular)
-in (definite nominative singular)
-i (accusative indefinite singular)
-ina (accusative definite singular)
-i (dative indefinite singular)
-inni (dative definite singular)
-i (genitive indefinite singular)
-innar (definite genitive singular)

From Old Norse -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄, cognate with Gothic -𐌴𐌹 (-ei).

a nominal suffix, forming abstract nouns


-son

-son m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -sonar, nominative plural -synir)

-sonar (genitive singular)
-synir (nominative plural)
-son (indefinite nominative singular)
-soninn (definite nominative singular)
-synir (indefinite nominative plural)
-synirnir (definite nominative plural)
-son (accusative indefinite singular)
-soninn (accusative definite singular)
-syni (accusative indefinite plural)
-synina (accusative definite plural)
-syni (dative indefinite singular)
-syninum (dative definite singular)
-sonum (dative indefinite plural)
-sonunum (dative definite plural)
-sonar (genitive indefinite singular)
-sonarins (definite genitive singular)
-sona (genitive indefinite plural)
-sonanna (definite genitive plural)

From sonur, from Nordic patronymic traditions.

added to a given name (the father's or mother's) to form a patronymic or matronymic last name for the son of the person whose given name is used


-st

From Old Norse -sk, reduced form of the reflexive pronoun sik (whence Icelandic sig).

middle voice verb
middle voice verb#English


-ling

indefinite accusative singular of -lingur


-ó

Likely influenced by ending of loanwords such as e.g. limbó, lottó, lúdó, póló (all names of games), as well as shortened words such as bíó (from Danish bio, a clipping of biograf), which already had -ó- (-o-) in them before being shortened. Perhaps derived from English -o.

(informal) a suffix used to create colloquial shortenings, usually consisting of the first syllable of the word + -ó (these can be nouns, adjectives, and, more rarely, adverbs)

tengdó

from tengda- in tengdamóðir, tengdaforeldri, tengdafólk


-ismi

-ismi m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -isma, no plural)

-isma (genitive singular)
-ismi (indefinite nominative singular)
-isminn (definite nominative singular)
-isma (accusative indefinite singular)
-ismann (accusative definite singular)
-isma (dative indefinite singular)
-ismanum (dative definite singular)
-isma (genitive indefinite singular)
-ismans (definite genitive singular)


-laus

is-adj

-laus (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -lausari, superlative -lausastur)

-lausari (comparative)
-lausastur (superlative)
-laus (masculine nominative strong)
-laus (feminine nominative strong)
-laust (neuter nominative strong)
-lausan (accusative masculine strong)
-lausa (accusative feminine strong)
-laust (accusative neuter strong)
-lausum (dative masculine strong)
-lausri (dative feminine strong)
-lausu (dative neuter strong)
-lauss (genitive masculine strong)
-lausrar (feminine genitive strong)
-lauss (genitive neuter strong)
-lausir (masculine nominative strong)
-lausar (feminine nominative strong)
-laus (neuter nominative strong)
-lausa (accusative masculine strong)
-lausar (accusative feminine strong)
-laus (accusative neuter strong)
-lausum (dative strong)
-lausra (genitive strong)
-lausi (masculine nominative weak)
-lausa (feminine nominative weak)
-lausa (neuter nominative weak)
-lausa (masculine weak)
-lausu (feminine weak)
-lausa (neuter weak)
-lausu (plural weak)
-lausari (masculine singular weak)
-lausari (feminine singular weak)
-lausara (neuter singular weak)
-lausari (plural weak)
-lausastur (masculine nominative strong)
-lausust (feminine nominative strong)
-lausast (neuter nominative strong)
-lausastan (accusative masculine strong)
-lausasta (accusative feminine strong)
-lausast (accusative neuter strong)
-lausustum (dative masculine strong)
-lausastri (dative feminine strong)
-lausustu (dative neuter strong)
-lausasts (genitive masculine strong)
-lausastrar (feminine genitive strong)
-lausasts (genitive neuter strong)
-lausastir (masculine nominative strong)
-lausastar (feminine nominative strong)
-lausust (neuter nominative strong)
-lausasta (accusative masculine strong)
-lausastar (accusative feminine strong)
-lausust (accusative neuter strong)
-lausustum (dative strong)
-lausastra (genitive strong)
-lausasti (masculine nominative weak)
-lausasta (feminine nominative weak)
-lausasta (neuter nominative weak)
-lausasta (masculine weak)
-lausustu (feminine weak)
-lausasta (neuter weak)
-lausustu (plural weak)

From Old Norse -lauss, from Proto-Germanic *-lausaz, from *lausaz (“loose, free”). Cognate with Danish -løs, Norwegian Nynorsk -laus, Swedish -lös, English -less and German -los.


-inn

Maðurinn er hávaxinn.

Ég elska barnið mitt.

Hvar er hesturinn minn?


-ið

marks definiteness on neuter nouns, corresponding to the definite article <the>


-hlaðningur

is-noun

-hlaðningur m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -hlaðnings, nominative plural -hlaðningar)

-hlaðnings (genitive singular)
-hlaðningar (nominative plural)
-hlaðningur (indefinite nominative singular)
-hlaðningurinn (definite nominative singular)
-hlaðningar (indefinite nominative plural)
-hlaðningarnir (definite nominative plural)
-hlaðning (accusative indefinite singular)
-hlaðninginn (accusative definite singular)
-hlaðninga (accusative indefinite plural)
-hlaðningana (accusative definite plural)
-hlaðningi (dative indefinite singular)
-hlaðningnum (dative definite singular)
-hlaðningum (dative indefinite plural)
-hlaðningunum (dative definite plural)
-hlaðnings (genitive indefinite singular)
-hlaðningsins (definite genitive singular)
-hlaðninga (genitive indefinite plural)
-hlaðninganna (definite genitive plural)

fram (“forth”) + -hlaðningur → framhlaðningur (“musket, muzzleloader”)

aftur (“back”) + -hlaðningur → afturhlaðningur (“a gun loaded from the back”)

a suffix denoting "where" a gun is loaded


-isti

-isti m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ista, nominative plural -istar)

-ista (genitive singular)
-istar (nominative plural)
-isti (indefinite nominative singular)
-istinn (definite nominative singular)
-istar (indefinite nominative plural)
-istarnir (definite nominative plural)
-ista (accusative indefinite singular)
-istann (accusative definite singular)
-ista (accusative indefinite plural)
-istana (accusative definite plural)
-ista (dative indefinite singular)
-istanum (dative definite singular)
-istum (dative indefinite plural)
-istunum (dative definite plural)
-ista (genitive indefinite singular)
-istans (definite genitive singular)
-ista (genitive indefinite plural)
-istanna (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs) and Latin -ista. Influenced by cognates in other European languages.


-legur

is-adj

-legur (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -legri, superlative -legastur)

-legri (comparative)
-legastur (superlative)
-legur (masculine nominative strong)
-leg (feminine nominative strong)
-legt (neuter nominative strong)
-legan (accusative masculine strong)
-lega (accusative feminine strong)
-legt (accusative neuter strong)
-legum (dative masculine strong)
-legri (dative feminine strong)
-legu (dative neuter strong)
-legs (genitive masculine strong)
-legrar (feminine genitive strong)
-legs (genitive neuter strong)
-legir (masculine nominative strong)
-legar (feminine nominative strong)
-leg (neuter nominative strong)
-lega (accusative masculine strong)
-legar (accusative feminine strong)
-leg (accusative neuter strong)
-legum (dative strong)
-legra (genitive strong)
-legi (masculine nominative weak)
-lega (feminine nominative weak)
-lega (neuter nominative weak)
-lega (masculine weak)
-legu (feminine weak)
-lega (neuter weak)
-legu (plural weak)
-legri (masculine singular weak)
-legri (feminine singular weak)
-legra (neuter singular weak)
-legri (plural weak)
-legastur (masculine nominative strong)
-legust (feminine nominative strong)
-legast (neuter nominative strong)
-legastan (accusative masculine strong)
-legasta (accusative feminine strong)
-legast (accusative neuter strong)
-legustum (dative masculine strong)
-legastri (dative feminine strong)
-legustu (dative neuter strong)
-legasts (genitive masculine strong)
-legastrar (feminine genitive strong)
-legasts (genitive neuter strong)
-legastir (masculine nominative strong)
-legastar (feminine nominative strong)
-legust (neuter nominative strong)
-legasta (accusative masculine strong)
-legastar (accusative feminine strong)
-legust (accusative neuter strong)
-legustum (dative strong)
-legastra (genitive strong)
-legasti (masculine nominative weak)
-legasta (feminine nominative weak)
-legasta (neuter nominative weak)
-legasta (masculine weak)
-legustu (feminine weak)
-legasta (neuter weak)
-legustu (plural weak)

From Old Norse -ligr (“-ly”). Cognate with Swedish -lig, Faroese -ligur, Norwegian Nynorsk -leg, Danish -lig and Norwegian Bokmål -lig.


-fræði

is-noun

-fræði f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -fræði, no plural)

-fræði (genitive singular)
-fræði (indefinite nominative singular)
-fræðin (definite nominative singular)
-fræði (accusative indefinite singular)
-fræðina (accusative definite singular)
-fræði (dative indefinite singular)
-fræðinni (dative definite singular)
-fræði (genitive indefinite singular)
-fræðinnar (definite genitive singular)


-nautur

-nautur m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -nautar or -nauts, nominative plural -nautar)

-nautar (genitive singular)
-nauts (genitive singular)
-nautar (nominative plural)
-nautur (indefinite nominative singular)
-nauturinn (definite nominative singular)
-nautar (indefinite nominative plural)
-nautarnir (definite nominative plural)
-naut (accusative indefinite singular)
-nautinn (accusative definite singular)
-nauta (accusative indefinite plural)
-nautana (accusative definite plural)
-naut (dative indefinite singular)
-nauti (dative indefinite singular)
-nautnum (dative definite singular)
-nautum (dative indefinite plural)
-nautunum (dative definite plural)
-nautar (genitive indefinite singular)
-nauts (genitive indefinite singular)
-nautarins (definite genitive singular)
-nautsins (definite genitive singular)
-nauta (genitive indefinite plural)
-nautanna (definite genitive plural)


-sla

-sla f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -slu, nominative plural -slur)

-slu (genitive singular)
-slur (nominative plural)
-sla (indefinite nominative singular)
-slan (definite nominative singular)
-slur (indefinite nominative plural)
-slurnar (definite nominative plural)
-slu (accusative indefinite singular)
-sluna (accusative definite singular)
-slur (accusative indefinite plural)
-slurnar (accusative definite plural)
-slu (dative indefinite singular)
-slunni (dative definite singular)
-slum (dative indefinite plural)
-slunum (dative definite plural)
-slu (genitive indefinite singular)
-slunnar (definite genitive singular)
-slna (genitive indefinite plural)
-slnanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse -sla, from Proto-Germanic *-slą.

forms nouns from verbs, usually denoting the action of the verb, but sometimes the product or medium of the action


-svæfur

Compare the Icelandic verbs sofa (“sleep”) and svæfa (“put to sleep”).


-leg

feminine singular nominative strong positive degree

neuter plural nominative strong positive degree

neuter plural accusative strong positive degree


-óttur

From Old Norse -óttr, from Proto-Germanic *-uhtaz; cognate with Faroese -utur and Norwegian -ôtt.

díll (“spot”) + -óttur → dílóttur (“spotted”)

set with a pattern (of certain shapes) or characterized by a certain shape or feature (especially on the surface or in its texture, etc.)

hnöttur (“sphere”) + -óttur → hnöttóttur (“spherical”)


-ska

-ska f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -sku, no plural)

-sku (genitive singular)
-ska (indefinite nominative singular)
-skan (definite nominative singular)
-sku (accusative indefinite singular)
-skuna (accusative definite singular)
-sku (dative indefinite singular)
-skunni (dative definite singular)
-sku (genitive indefinite singular)
-skunnar (definite genitive singular)

Japan (“Japan”) + -ska → japanska (“Japanese”)

Úkraína (“Ukraine”) + -ska → úkraínska (“Ukrainian”)

Laos (“Laos”) + -ska → laoska (“Lao, Laotian”)

forms names of languages from countries or demonyms


-ska

illur (“evil”) + -ska → illska (“evil”)

gleyma (“to forget”) + -ska → gleymska (“forgetfulness”)

heimur (“world”) (originally “abode, home”) + -ska → heimska (“stupidity”) (originally “naiveté, the state of not leaving one's home much”)

forms abstract nouns from nouns, verbs and adjectives


-ingur

-ingur m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ings, nominative plural -ingar)

-ings (genitive singular)
-ingar (nominative plural)
-ingur (indefinite nominative singular)
-ingurinn (definite nominative singular)
-ingar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ingarnir (definite nominative plural)
-ing (accusative indefinite singular)
-inginn (accusative definite singular)
-inga (accusative indefinite plural)
-ingana (accusative definite plural)
-ingi (dative indefinite singular)
-ingnum (dative definite singular)
-ingum (dative indefinite plural)
-ingunum (dative definite plural)
-ings (genitive indefinite singular)
-ingsins (definite genitive singular)
-inga (genitive indefinite plural)
-inganna (definite genitive plural)

-iŋkʏr (note that some words with this suffix may not carry stress on the penultimate syllable, and therefore do not rhyme with the others)

From Old Norse -ingr, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.

added to a noun stem, effecting i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a student of a particular school, etc.


-leiki

-leiki m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -leika, nominative plural -leikar)

-leika (genitive singular)
-leikar (nominative plural)
-leiki (indefinite nominative singular)
-leikinn (definite nominative singular)
-leikar (indefinite nominative plural)
-leikarnir (definite nominative plural)
-leika (accusative indefinite singular)
-leikann (accusative definite singular)
-leika (accusative indefinite plural)
-leikana (accusative definite plural)
-leika (dative indefinite singular)
-leikanum (dative definite singular)
-leikum (dative indefinite plural)
-leikunum (dative definite plural)
-leika (genitive indefinite singular)
-leikans (definite genitive singular)
-leika (genitive indefinite plural)
-leikanna (definite genitive plural)

Related to leikur (“game”), from Old Norse leikr.

-ness, -tion, -ity; a suffix used especially to form nouns from adjectives, often expressing a state of being or a quality


-ur

From Old Norse -r, the nominative singular ending for i-, u-, masculine a-, and masculine consonant stem nouns, as well as most masculine adjectives. In turn, the Old Norse endings all stem from Proto-Indo-European *-s, a general-purpose masculine/feminine singular nominative ending.

nominative singular ending of most strong masculine nouns

nominative singular ending of a few strong masculine nouns

nominative singular ending of the majority of strong masculine adjectives


-ur

From Old Norse -ur (weak feminine nominative and accusative plural ending).

inh

the nominative and accusative plural ending for most weak feminine nouns; triggers u-mutation of a preceding a


-lægur

is-adj

-lægur (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -lægari, superlative -lægastur)

-lægari (comparative)
-lægastur (superlative)
-lægur (masculine nominative strong)
-læg (feminine nominative strong)
-lægt (neuter nominative strong)
-lægan (accusative masculine strong)
-læga (accusative feminine strong)
-lægt (accusative neuter strong)
-lægum (dative masculine strong)
-lægri (dative feminine strong)
-lægu (dative neuter strong)
-lægs (genitive masculine strong)
-lægrar (feminine genitive strong)
-lægs (genitive neuter strong)
-lægir (masculine nominative strong)
-lægar (feminine nominative strong)
-læg (neuter nominative strong)
-læga (accusative masculine strong)
-lægar (accusative feminine strong)
-læg (accusative neuter strong)
-lægum (dative strong)
-lægra (genitive strong)
-lægi (masculine nominative weak)
-læga (feminine nominative weak)
-læga (neuter nominative weak)
-læga (masculine weak)
-lægu (feminine weak)
-læga (neuter weak)
-lægu (plural weak)
-lægari (masculine singular weak)
-lægari (feminine singular weak)
-lægara (neuter singular weak)
-lægari (plural weak)
-lægastur (masculine nominative strong)
-lægust (feminine nominative strong)
-lægast (neuter nominative strong)
-lægastan (accusative masculine strong)
-lægasta (accusative feminine strong)
-lægast (accusative neuter strong)
-lægustum (dative masculine strong)
-lægastri (dative feminine strong)
-lægustu (dative neuter strong)
-lægasts (genitive masculine strong)
-lægastrar (feminine genitive strong)
-lægasts (genitive neuter strong)
-lægastir (masculine nominative strong)
-lægastar (feminine nominative strong)
-lægust (neuter nominative strong)
-lægasta (accusative masculine strong)
-lægastar (accusative feminine strong)
-lægust (accusative neuter strong)
-lægustum (dative strong)
-lægastra (genitive strong)
-lægasti (masculine nominative weak)
-lægasta (feminine nominative weak)
-lægasta (neuter nominative weak)
-lægasta (masculine weak)
-lægustu (feminine weak)
-lægasta (neuter weak)
-lægustu (plural weak)

lying, position, that which may lie somewhere


-andi

From Old Norse -andi, from Proto-Germanic *-andz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nt-.

present participle
present participle#English


-andi

is-noun

-andi m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -anda, nominative plural -endur)

-anda (genitive singular)
-endur (nominative plural)
-andi (indefinite nominative singular)
-andinn (definite nominative singular)
-endur (indefinite nominative plural)
-endurnir (definite nominative plural)
-anda (accusative indefinite singular)
-andann (accusative definite singular)
-endur (accusative indefinite plural)
-endurna (accusative definite plural)
-anda (dative indefinite singular)
-andanum (dative definite singular)
-endum (dative indefinite plural)
-öndum (dative indefinite plural)
-endunum (dative definite plural)
-öndunum (dative definite plural)
-anda (genitive indefinite singular)
-andans (definite genitive singular)
-enda (genitive indefinite plural)
-anda (genitive indefinite plural)
-endanna (definite genitive plural)
-andanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse -andi, from Proto-Germanic *-ndz, from Proto-Indo-European *-nts.

forms agent nouns from verbs; identical in form to the present participle


-ari

-ari m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ara, nominative plural -arar)

-ara (genitive singular)
-arar (nominative plural)
-ari (indefinite nominative singular)
-arinn (definite nominative singular)
-arar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ararnir (definite nominative plural)
-ara (accusative indefinite singular)
-arann (accusative definite singular)
-ara (accusative indefinite plural)
-arana (accusative definite plural)
-ara (dative indefinite singular)
-aranum (dative definite singular)
-urum (dative indefinite plural)
-urunum (dative definite plural)
-ara (genitive indefinite singular)
-arans (definite genitive singular)
-ara (genitive indefinite plural)
-aranna (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Norse -ari (suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs). This suffix is not Germanic, ultimately deriving from Latin -ārius through borrowings, and lives on in different guises in the Germanic languages, e.g., in the German -er, used for the same purpose.

inh+

leika (“to act”) + -ari → leikari (“actor”)

-er, -or; a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems


-há

Probably related to há sig einhverju (“to become addicted to something”).


-yrtur

head

-yrtur (feminine -yrt, neuter -yrt, comparative -yrtari, superlative -yrtastur)

-yrt (feminine)
-yrt (neuter)
-yrtari (comparative)
-yrtastur (superlative)


-ræður

-ræður (feminine -ræð, neuter -rætt, comparative -ræðari, superlative -ræðastur)

-ræð (feminine)
-rætt (neuter)
-ræðari (comparative)
-ræðastur (superlative)
-rœður (alternative)
-rœðr (alternative)

From Old Norse -rǿðr. Underwent an apophony (substitution of one root vowel for another) from the suffix -rað in hundrað (“a hundred”). Compare the Icelandic hundrað, Latin ratiō (“reason, calculation”), reor (“I reckon, calculate; I think, deem, judge”) and ratus (“established, authoritative; fixed, certain”).

átta (“eight”) + -ræður → áttræður (“eighty years old”)

tólf (“twelve”) + -ræður → tólfræður


-ræður

Compare ræða (“to speak, to talk, to discuss”).


-stola

-stola (feminine)
-stola (neuter)
-stoli (alternative archaic)

forms compound adjectives describing emotions or state of mind


-henda

-henda f (genitive singular -hendu, plural -hendur)

-hendu (genitive singular)
-hendur (plural)

(prosody) a suffix for compounds terms pertaining to bragarháttur (“poetic meter”) or hending (“line of verse”)


-skur

is-adj

-skur (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -skari, superlative -skastur)

-skari (comparative)
-skastur (superlative)
-skur (masculine nominative strong)
-sk (feminine nominative strong)
-skt (neuter nominative strong)
-skan (accusative masculine strong)
-ska (accusative feminine strong)
-skt (accusative neuter strong)
-skum (dative masculine strong)
-skri (dative feminine strong)
-sku (dative neuter strong)
-sks (genitive masculine strong)
-skrar (feminine genitive strong)
-sks (genitive neuter strong)
-skir (masculine nominative strong)
-skar (feminine nominative strong)
-sk (neuter nominative strong)
-ska (accusative masculine strong)
-skar (accusative feminine strong)
-sk (accusative neuter strong)
-skum (dative strong)
-skra (genitive strong)
-ski (masculine nominative weak)
-ska (feminine nominative weak)
-ska (neuter nominative weak)
-ska (masculine weak)
-sku (feminine weak)
-ska (neuter weak)
-sku (plural weak)
-skari (masculine singular weak)
-skari (feminine singular weak)
-skara (neuter singular weak)
-skari (plural weak)
-skastur (masculine nominative strong)
-skust (feminine nominative strong)
-skast (neuter nominative strong)
-skastan (accusative masculine strong)
-skasta (accusative feminine strong)
-skast (accusative neuter strong)
-skustum (dative masculine strong)
-skastri (dative feminine strong)
-skustu (dative neuter strong)
-skasts (genitive masculine strong)
-skastrar (feminine genitive strong)
-skasts (genitive neuter strong)
-skastir (masculine nominative strong)
-skastar (feminine nominative strong)
-skust (neuter nominative strong)
-skasta (accusative masculine strong)
-skastar (accusative feminine strong)
-skust (accusative neuter strong)
-skustum (dative strong)
-skastra (genitive strong)
-skasti (masculine nominative weak)
-skasta (feminine nominative weak)
-skasta (neuter nominative weak)
-skasta (masculine weak)
-skustu (feminine weak)
-skasta (neuter weak)
-skustu (plural weak)
-iskur (alternative)

From Old Norse -iskr, -skr, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. Cognate with Faroese -skur.

forms adjectives from nouns with sense of “pertaining to”

forms adjectives appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions


-faldur

From Old Norse -faldr, from Proto-Germanic *-falþaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to fold”).


-semi

is-noun

-semi f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -semi, no plural)

-semi (genitive singular)
-semi (indefinite nominative singular)
-semin (definite nominative singular)
-semi (accusative indefinite singular)
-semina (accusative definite singular)
-semi (dative indefinite singular)
-seminni (dative definite singular)
-semi (genitive indefinite singular)
-seminnar (definite genitive singular)

Inherited from Old Norse -semi, from samr + -i.


-lega

feminine singular accusative strong positive degree

masculine plural accusative strong positive degree

masculine singular accusative weak positive degree

masculine singular dative weak positive degree

masculine singular genitive weak positive degree

feminine singular nominative weak positive degree

inflection of -legur:
neuter singular weak positive degree


-ína

-ína f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ínu, nominative plural -ínur)

-ínu (genitive singular)
-ínur (nominative plural)
-ína (indefinite nominative singular)
-ínan (definite nominative singular)
-ínur (indefinite nominative plural)
-ínurnar (definite nominative plural)
-ínu (accusative indefinite singular)
-ínuna (accusative definite singular)
-ínur (accusative indefinite plural)
-ínurnar (accusative definite plural)
-ínu (dative indefinite singular)
-ínunni (dative definite singular)
-ínum (dative indefinite plural)
-ínunum (dative definite plural)
-ínu (genitive indefinite singular)
-ínunnar (definite genitive singular)
-ína (genitive indefinite plural)
-ínanna (definite genitive plural)

From Latin -īna and its derived forms in other European languages, such as Danish -ine, present in many borrowed names and subsequently used independently to form new Icelandic names.

forms female given names, usually from male given names, e.g. Gíslína from Gísli, Sæmundína from Sæmundur, but sometimes from other names, e.g. Mýrdalína from Mýrdalur, a place name

(humorous) forms nouns descriptive of women, e.g. óléttína (“pregnant woman”) from óléttur (“pregnant”)


-dóttir

-dóttir f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -dóttur or (proscribed) -dóttir, nominative plural dætur)

-dóttur (genitive singular)
-dóttir (genitive proscribed singular)
dætur (nominative plural)
-dóttir (indefinite nominative singular)
-dóttirin (definite nominative singular)
dætur (indefinite nominative plural)
dæturnar (definite nominative plural)
-dóttur (accusative indefinite singular)
-dóttir (accusative indefinite proscribed singular)
-dótturina (accusative definite singular)
-dóttirina (accusative definite proscribed singular)
dætur (accusative indefinite plural)
dæturnar (accusative definite plural)
-dóttur (dative indefinite singular)
-dóttir (dative indefinite proscribed singular)
-dótturinni (dative definite singular)
-dóttirinni (dative definite proscribed singular)
dætrum (dative indefinite plural)
dætrunum (dative definite plural)
-dóttur (genitive indefinite singular)
-dóttir (genitive indefinite proscribed singular)
-dótturinnar (definite genitive singular)
-dóttirinnar (definite genitive proscribed singular)
dætra (genitive indefinite plural)
dætranna (definite genitive plural)

From dóttir, from Nordic patronymic traditions.

Added to a given name (the father's or mother's) to form a patronymic or matronymic last name for the daughter of the person whose given name is used


-lingur

-lingur m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -lings, nominative plural -lingar)

-lings (genitive singular)
-lingar (nominative plural)
-lingur (indefinite nominative singular)
-lingurinn (definite nominative singular)
-lingar (indefinite nominative plural)
-lingarnir (definite nominative plural)
-ling (accusative indefinite singular)
-linginn (accusative definite singular)
-linga (accusative indefinite plural)
-lingana (accusative definite plural)
-lingi (dative indefinite singular)
-lingnum (dative definite singular)
-lingum (dative indefinite plural)
-lingunum (dative definite plural)
-lings (genitive indefinite singular)
-lingsins (definite genitive singular)
-linga (genitive indefinite plural)
-linganna (definite genitive plural)


-bur

added to a given name (the father's or mother's) to form a gender-neutral patronymic or matronymic last name for the child of the person whose given name is used


-leysi

-leysi n (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -leysis, nominative plural -leysi)

-leysis (genitive singular)
-leysi (nominative plural)
-leysi (indefinite nominative singular)
-leysið (definite nominative singular)
-leysi (indefinite nominative plural)
-leysin (definite nominative plural)
-leysi (accusative indefinite singular)
-leysið (accusative definite singular)
-leysi (accusative indefinite plural)
-leysin (accusative definite plural)
-leysi (dative indefinite singular)
-leysinu (dative definite singular)
-leysum (dative indefinite plural)
-leysunum (dative definite plural)
-leysis (genitive indefinite singular)
-leysisins (definite genitive singular)
-leysa (genitive indefinite plural)
-leysanna (definite genitive plural)


-ynja

-ynja f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ynju, nominative plural -ynjur)

-ynju (genitive singular)
-ynjur (nominative plural)
-ynja (indefinite nominative singular)
-ynjan (definite nominative singular)
-ynjur (indefinite nominative plural)
-ynjurnar (definite nominative plural)
-ynju (accusative indefinite singular)
-ynjuna (accusative definite singular)
-ynjur (accusative indefinite plural)
-ynjurnar (accusative definite plural)
-ynju (dative indefinite singular)
-ynjunni (dative definite singular)
-ynjum (dative indefinite plural)
-ynjunum (dative definite plural)
-ynju (genitive indefinite singular)
-ynjunnar (definite genitive singular)
-ynja (genitive indefinite plural)
-ynjanna (definite genitive plural)

-ess; Added to titles of nobility to indicate that the title refers to a female.


-samur

is-adj

-samur (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -samari, superlative -samastur)

-samari (comparative)
-samastur (superlative)
-samur (masculine nominative strong)
-söm (feminine nominative strong)
-samt (neuter nominative strong)
-saman (accusative masculine strong)
-sama (accusative feminine strong)
-samt (accusative neuter strong)
-sömum (dative masculine strong)
-samri (dative feminine strong)
-sömu (dative neuter strong)
-sams (genitive masculine strong)
-samrar (feminine genitive strong)
-sams (genitive neuter strong)
-samir (masculine nominative strong)
-samar (feminine nominative strong)
-söm (neuter nominative strong)
-sama (accusative masculine strong)
-samar (accusative feminine strong)
-söm (accusative neuter strong)
-sömum (dative strong)
-samra (genitive strong)
-sami (masculine nominative weak)
-sama (feminine nominative weak)
-sama (neuter nominative weak)
-sama (masculine weak)
-sömu (feminine weak)
-sama (neuter weak)
-sömu (plural weak)
-samari (masculine singular weak)
-samari (feminine singular weak)
-samara (neuter singular weak)
-samari (plural weak)
-samastur (masculine nominative strong)
-sömust (feminine nominative strong)
-samast (neuter nominative strong)
-samastan (accusative masculine strong)
-samasta (accusative feminine strong)
-samast (accusative neuter strong)
-sömustum (dative masculine strong)
-samastri (dative feminine strong)
-sömustu (dative neuter strong)
-samasts (genitive masculine strong)
-samastrar (feminine genitive strong)
-samasts (genitive neuter strong)
-samastir (masculine nominative strong)
-samastar (feminine nominative strong)
-sömust (neuter nominative strong)
-samasta (accusative masculine strong)
-samastar (accusative feminine strong)
-sömust (accusative neuter strong)
-sömustum (dative strong)
-samastra (genitive strong)
-samasti (masculine nominative weak)
-samasta (feminine nominative weak)
-samasta (neuter nominative weak)
-samasta (masculine weak)
-sömustu (feminine weak)
-samasta (neuter weak)
-sömustu (plural weak)

From Old Norse -samur, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“-some”). See also samur.


-væðing

is-noun

-væðing f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -væðingar, no plural)

-væðingar (genitive singular)
-væðing (indefinite nominative singular)
-væðingin (definite nominative singular)
-væðingu (accusative indefinite singular)
-væðinguna (accusative definite singular)
-væðingu (dative indefinite singular)
-væðingunni (dative definite singular)
-væðingar (genitive indefinite singular)
-væðingarinnar (definite genitive singular)


-dómur

-dómur m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -dóms, nominative plural -dómar)

-dóms (genitive singular)
-dómar (nominative plural)
-dómur (indefinite nominative singular)
-dómurinn (definite nominative singular)
-dómar (indefinite nominative plural)
-dómarnir (definite nominative plural)
-dóm (accusative indefinite singular)
-dóminn (accusative definite singular)
-dóma (accusative indefinite plural)
-dómana (accusative definite plural)
-dómi (dative indefinite singular)
-dómnum (dative definite singular)
-dóminum (dative definite singular)
-dómum (dative indefinite plural)
-dómunum (dative definite plural)
-dóms (genitive indefinite singular)
-dómsins (definite genitive singular)
-dóma (genitive indefinite plural)
-dómanna (definite genitive plural)

vís (“wise”) + -dómur → vísdómur (“wisdom”)

konungur (“king”) + -dómur → konungdómur (“kingdom”)

sjúkur (“sick, ill”) + -dómur → sjúkdómur (“illness, disease”)

kristinn (“Christian”) + -dómur → kristindómur (“Christianity, Christendom”)

-dom, -ness, -ity; forms abstract nouns, often singular-only


-kvæmur

is-adj

-kvæmur (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -kvæmari, superlative -kvæmastur)

-kvæmari (comparative)
-kvæmastur (superlative)
-kvæmur (masculine nominative strong)
-kvæm (feminine nominative strong)
-kvæmt (neuter nominative strong)
-kvæman (accusative masculine strong)
-kvæma (accusative feminine strong)
-kvæmt (accusative neuter strong)
-kvæmum (dative masculine strong)
-kvæmri (dative feminine strong)
-kvæmu (dative neuter strong)
-kvæms (genitive masculine strong)
-kvæmrar (feminine genitive strong)
-kvæms (genitive neuter strong)
-kvæmir (masculine nominative strong)
-kvæmar (feminine nominative strong)
-kvæm (neuter nominative strong)
-kvæma (accusative masculine strong)
-kvæmar (accusative feminine strong)
-kvæm (accusative neuter strong)
-kvæmum (dative strong)
-kvæmra (genitive strong)
-kvæmi (masculine nominative weak)
-kvæma (feminine nominative weak)
-kvæma (neuter nominative weak)
-kvæma (masculine weak)
-kvæmu (feminine weak)
-kvæma (neuter weak)
-kvæmu (plural weak)
-kvæmari (masculine singular weak)
-kvæmari (feminine singular weak)
-kvæmara (neuter singular weak)
-kvæmari (plural weak)
-kvæmastur (masculine nominative strong)
-kvæmust (feminine nominative strong)
-kvæmast (neuter nominative strong)
-kvæmastan (accusative masculine strong)
-kvæmasta (accusative feminine strong)
-kvæmast (accusative neuter strong)
-kvæmustum (dative masculine strong)
-kvæmastri (dative feminine strong)
-kvæmustu (dative neuter strong)
-kvæmasts (genitive masculine strong)
-kvæmastrar (feminine genitive strong)
-kvæmasts (genitive neuter strong)
-kvæmastir (masculine nominative strong)
-kvæmastar (feminine nominative strong)
-kvæmust (neuter nominative strong)
-kvæmasta (accusative masculine strong)
-kvæmastar (accusative feminine strong)
-kvæmust (accusative neuter strong)
-kvæmustum (dative strong)
-kvæmastra (genitive strong)
-kvæmasti (masculine nominative weak)
-kvæmasta (feminine nominative weak)
-kvæmasta (neuter nominative weak)
-kvæmasta (masculine weak)
-kvæmustu (feminine weak)
-kvæmasta (neuter weak)
-kvæmustu (plural weak)

Suffix form related to koma (“to come”).