कोलकाता

hi-proper noun

कोलकाता • (kolkātā) m (Urdu spelling کلکتہ)

kolkātā (romanization)
کلکتہ (Urdu)
कोलकाता (direct singular)
कोलकाता (oblique singular)
कोलकाता (singular vocative)

Kolkata (the capital city of West Bengal, India)


रोम

Rome (a city, the capital city of Italy)


हैदराबाद

हैदराबाद • (haidrābād) m (Urdu spelling حیدر آباد)

haidrābād (romanization)
حیدر آباد (Urdu)
हैदराबाद (direct singular)
हैदराबाद (oblique singular)
हैदराबाद (singular vocative)

/ɦɛːd̪.ɾɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɦɛːd̪.ɾäː.bäːd̪]

Ultimately from हैदर (haidar, “lion; name of Ali, son-in-law of Mohammed”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

Hyderabad (the capital and largest city of Telangana, India, and de-jure capital of Andhra Pradesh)


दिल्ली

dillī (romanization)
دلّی (Urdu)
दिल्ली (direct singular)
दिल्ली (oblique singular)
दिल्ली (singular vocative)

Unknown. Possibly from one of the following:
* Sanskrit डिल्लि (ḍilli), डिल्ली (ḍillī).
* Inherited from Apabhramsa ढिल्ली (ḍhillī), first attested in a literary work from 1132 CE).
* A feminine form of दिल (dil, “hillock”) that changed to दिल्ली (dillī) over time.
* A corrupted form of देहली (dehlī, “Delhi”) or दहलीज़ (dahlīz, “border”).
* From धिलु (dhilu) or दिलु (dilu), the name of a former king by tradition.
* Some sources also say that the word is related to a loose pillar termed ढील (ḍhīl), which is from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀠𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (ḍhilla).
Compare Maharastri Prakrit 𑀠𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀻 (ḍhillī, “Delhi”), Old Gujarati ढीली (ḍhīlī, “Delhi”), and Old Marathi 𑘛𑘲𑘩𑘲 (ḍhīlī, “Delhi”).

ncog

भारत के प्रधान मंत्री दिल्ली प्रांत में रहते हैं।

The prime minister of India lives in Delhi.

bhārat ke pradhān mantrī dillī prānt mẽ rahte ha͠i.

दिल्लीवाला ― dillīvālā ― Delhiite

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)

दादर और नगर हवेली एवं दमन और दीव

dādar aur nagar havelī evã daman aur dīv


मक्का

makkā (romanization)
مکہ (Urdu)
मक्का (direct singular)
मक्का (oblique singular)
मक्का (singular vocative)

hi:मक्का (शहर)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مکه (makka), from Arabic مَكَّة (makka).


गुजरात

hi-proper noun

गुजरात • (gujrāt) m (Urdu spelling گجرات)

gujrāt (romanization)
گجرات (Urdu)
गुजरात (direct singular)
गुजरात (oblique singular)
गुजरात (singular vocative)

hi:गुजरात
hi:गुजरात (शहर)

Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੁਜਰਾਤ (gujrāt) / گجرات (gjrāt), derived from the name of the Gujjars.

/ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾɑːt̪/

[ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾäːt̪]


मुंबई

मुंबई • (mumbaī) f (Urdu spelling مُمْبَئِی)

mumbaī (romanization)
مُمْبَئِی (Urdu)
मुंबई (direct singular)
मुंबई (oblique singular)
मुंबई (singular vocative)

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


बुख़ारा

बुख़ारा • (buxārā) ? (Urdu spelling بخارا)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بخارا (buxārā).


गंगटोक

hi-proper noun

गंगटोक • (gaṅgṭok) ?

Gangtok (a city, the state capital of Sikkim, India)


मास्को

मास्को • (māsko) m (Urdu spelling ماسکو)

māsko (romanization)
ماسکو (Urdu)
मास्को (direct singular)
मास्को (oblique singular)
मास्को (singular vocative)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital and largest city of Russia)


नई दिल्ली

नई दिल्ली • (naī dillī) f (Urdu spelling نئی دہلی)

naī dillī (romanization)
نئی دہلی (Urdu)
नई दिल्ली (direct singular)
नई दिल्ली (oblique singular)
नई दिल्ली (singular vocative)

→ Asturian: Nueva Delhi (calque)

desc

→ Cantonese: 新德里 (san1 dak1 lei5) (calque)

→ Galician: Nova Deli (calque)

→ German: Neu-Delhi (calque)

→ Greek: Νέο Δελχί (Néo Delchí) (calque)

→ Gujarati: નવી દિલ્હી (navī dilhī) (calque)

→ Hungarian: Újdelhi (calque)

→ Kannada: ನವ ದೆಹಲಿ (nava dehali) (calque)

→ Mandarin: 新德里 (Xīn Délǐ) (calque)

→ Marathi: नवी दिल्ली (navī dillī) (calque)

→ Polish: Nowe Delhi (calque)

→ Portuguese: Nova Deli (calque)

→ Sinhalese: නව දිල්ලිය (nawa dilliya) (calque)

→ Spanish: Nueva Delhi (calque)

→ Tamil: புது தில்லி (putu tilli) (calque)

→ Turkish: Yeni Delhi (calque)

hi:नई दिल्ली


चेन्नई

hi-proper noun

चेन्नई • (cennaī) m (Urdu spelling چنئی)

cennaī (romanization)
چنئی (Urdu)
चेन्नई (direct singular)
चेन्नई (oblique singular)
चेन्नई (singular vocative)

Chennai (the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, India)


मद्रास

मद्रास • (madrās) f (Urdu spelling مدراس)

madrās (romanization)
مدراس (Urdu)
मद्रास (direct singular)
मद्रास (oblique singular)
मद्रास (singular vocative)

Madras (former name of Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu, India)


इस्लामाबाद

इस्लामाबाद • (islāmābād) m (Urdu spelling اسلام آباد)

islāmābād (romanization)
اسلام آباد (Urdu)
इस्लामाबाद (direct singular)
इस्लामाबाद (oblique singular)
इस्लामाबाद (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Urdu اسلام آباد (islām ābād).

bor+

hi:इस्लामाबाद

Islamabad (a city, the capital city of Pakistan)


बेजिंग

hi-proper noun

बेजिंग • (bejiṅg) m (Urdu spelling بیجنگ)

bejiṅg (romanization)
بیجنگ (Urdu)
बेजिंग (direct singular)
बेजिंग (oblique singular)
बेजिंग (singular vocative)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


अबटाबाद

अबटाबाद • (abṭābād) m (Urdu spelling ابٹ آباد)

abṭābād (romanization)
ابٹ آباد (Urdu)
अबटाबाद (direct singular)
अबटाबाद (oblique singular)
अबटाबाद (singular vocative)

/əb.ʈɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɐb.ʈäː.bäːd̪]

अबट (abaṭ, “James Abbott (Indian Army officer)”) + आबाद (ābād, “placename suffix”).

compound

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Abbottabad (a city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

James Abbott (Indian Army officer)
hi:अबटाबाद


बैतलहम

hi-proper noun

बैतलहम • (baitlaham) m (Urdu spelling بیت لحم)

baitlaham (romanization)
بیت لحم (Urdu)
बैतलहम (direct singular)
बैतलहम (oblique singular)
बैतलहम (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic بَيْت لَحْم (bayt laḥm).

bor+

(biblical) Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


नासरत

hi-proper noun

नासरत • (nāsarat) m (Urdu spelling ناصرت)

nāsarat (romanization)
ناصرت (Urdu)
नासरत (direct singular)
नासरत (oblique singular)
नासरत (singular vocative)


क़सूर

qasūr (romanization)
قصور (Urdu)
क़सूर (direct singular)
क़सूर (oblique singular)
क़सूर (singular vocative)

* Ultimately named for Kusha (Ramayana).
* Borrowed from Arabic قَصْر (qaṣr).


सागर

From सागर (sāgar), the name of the adjacent lake.

Sagar (a city in Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh, India)


कुआला लमपुर

कुआला लमपुर • (kuālā lampur) ?

kuālā lampur (romanization)
कुआला लमपुर (direct singular)
कुआला लमपुर (oblique singular)
कुआला लमपुर (singular vocative)

[kʊ.äː.läː‿lɐ̃m.pʊɾ]

Borrowed from English Kuala Lumpur and Malay Kuala Lumpur, from kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”).

hi:कुआलालम्पुर

Kuala Lumpur (a city, the capital city of Malaysia)


अमरावती

अमरावती • (amrāvatī) f (Urdu spelling امراوتی)

amrāvatī (romanization)
امراوتی (Urdu)
अमरावती (direct singular)
अमरावती (oblique singular)
अमरावती (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Marathi अमरावती (amrāvtī), from an earlier उमरावती (umrāvtī), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀉𑀁𑀩𑀭𑀸𑀯𑀢𑀻 (uṃbarāvatī), from Sanskrit उदुम्बरावती (udumbarāvatī), औदुम्बरावती (audumbarāvatī). Influenced by अमरावती (amarāvatī, “abode of immortals”).

der

/əm.ɾɑː.ʋə.t̪iː/

[ɐ̃m.ɾäː.ʋɐ.t̪iː]

Amravati, Oomrawutty (a city in Vidarbha, Maharashtra, India)


अमरावती

Borrowed from Sanskrit अमरावती (amarāvatī) and Telugu అమరావతి (amarāvati).

wp

अमरावती, आन्ध्र प्रदेश

अमरावती (चम्पा)

bor+

/əm.ɾɑː.ʋə.t̪iː/

[ɐ̃m.ɾäː.ʋɐ.t̪iː]

Amaravati, Amaravathi (a city, the state capital of Andhra Pradesh, India)


वाराणसी

hi-prop

वाराणसी • (vārāṇsī) f (Urdu spelling وارانسی)

vārāṇsī (romanization)
وارانسی (Urdu)
वाराणसी (direct singular)
वाराणसी (oblique singular)
वाराणसी (singular vocative)

/ʋɑː.ɾɑːɳ.siː/

[ʋäː.ɾä̃ːɳ.siː]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वाराणसी (vārāṇasī). Doublet of बनारस (banāras).


गया

gayā (romanization)
گیا (Urdu)
गया (direct singular)
गए (oblique singular)
गये (oblique singular)
गए (singular vocative)
गये (singular vocative)


अंकारा

hi-proper noun

अंकारा • (aṅkārā) m

aṅkārā (romanization)
अंकारा (direct singular)
अंकारा (oblique singular)
अंकारा (singular vocative)

/əŋ.kɑː.ɾɑː/

[ɐ̃ŋ.käː.ɾäː]


बर्लिन

बर्लिन • (barlin) m (Urdu spelling برلن)

barlin (romanization)
برلن (Urdu)
बर्लिन (direct singular)
बर्लिन (oblique singular)
बर्लिन (singular vocative)

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


सवाना

सवाना • (savānā) ? (Urdu spelling سَوَانَا)

/sə.ʋɑː.nɑː/

[sɐ.ʋäː.näː]

Borrowed from English Savannah. Compare Marathi सव्हाना (savhānā).

Savannah (a city in Georgia, the United States)


वॉशिंगटन डी॰ सी॰

वॉशिंगटन डी॰ सी॰ • (vŏśiṅgṭan ḍī. sī.) ?

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


वॉशिंगटन

वॉशिंगटन • (vŏśiṅgṭan) m (Urdu spelling واشنگٹن)

vŏśiṅgṭan (romanization)
واشنگٹن (Urdu)
वॉशिंगटन (direct singular)
वॉशिंगटन (oblique singular)
वॉशिंगटन (singular vocative)

/ʋɔ.ʃɪŋɡ.ʈən/

[ʋɔ.ʃɪ̃ŋɡ.ʈɐ̃n]


वृन्दावन

वृन्दावन • (vŕndāvan) m

→ English: Vrindavan

→ Indonesian: Prindapan

/ʋɾɪn.d̪ɑː.ʋən/

[ʋɾɪ̃n̪.d̪äː.ʋɐ̃n]

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्दावन (vṛndāvana).

bor+

Vrindavan (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


अहमदाबाद

hi-proper noun

अहमदाबाद • (ahmadābād) m (Urdu spelling احمد آباد)

ahmadābād (romanization)
احمد آباد (Urdu)
अहमदाबाद (direct singular)
अहमदाबाद (oblique singular)
अहमदाबाद (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//अह्मदाबाद<M.sg>

/əɦ.mə.d̪ɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɛʱ.mɐ.d̪äː.bäːd̪]

From अहमद (ahmad, “Ahmad Shah I”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”). Compare Gujarati અમદાવાદ (amadāvād).

af

Ahmedabad (the largest city in Gujarat, India)


अयोध्या

hi-prop

अयोध्या • (ayodhyā) f (Urdu spelling ایودھیا)

ayodhyā (romanization)
ایودھیا (Urdu)
अयोध्या (direct singular)
अयोध्या (oblique singular)
अयोध्या (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अयोध्या (ayodhyā).

lbor

Ayodhya (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India, and birthplace of Rāma)


राजधानी

hi-noun

राजधानी • (rājdhānī) f (Urdu spelling راجدھانی)

rājdhānī (romanization)
راجدھانی (Urdu)
राजधानी (direct singular)
राजधानियाँ (direct plural)
राजधानी (oblique singular)
राजधानियों (oblique plural)
राजधानी (singular vocative)
राजधानियो (plural vocative)

/ɾɑːd͡ʒ.d̪ʱɑː.niː/

[ɾäːd͡ʒ.d̪ʱäː.niː]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit राजधानी (rājadhānī)


नागपुर

hi-proper noun

नागपुर • (nāgpur) m (Urdu spelling ناگپور)

nāgpur (romanization)
ناگپور (Urdu)
नागपुर (direct singular)
नागपुर (oblique singular)
नागपुर (singular vocative)

Calque of Marathi नागपूर (nāgpūr), from नाग (nāg, “Nag River or naga”) + -पुर (-pur, “city”).

af

Nagpur (a large city, the winter capital of Maharashtra, India)


अमृतसर

hi-proper noun

अमृतसर • (amŕtsar) m (Urdu spelling امرتسر)

amŕtsar (romanization)
امرتسر (Urdu)
अमृतसर (direct singular)
अमृतसर (oblique singular)
अमृतसर (singular vocative)

[ɐ̃m.ɾɪt̪.sɐɾ]

अमृत (amŕt, “nectar”) + सर (sar, “lake”), from Sanskrit.


पेरिस

peris (romanization)
پیرس (Urdu)
पेरिस (direct singular)
पेरिस (oblique singular)
पेरिस (singular vocative)

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


जम्मू

jammū (romanization)
جموں (Urdu)
जम्मू (direct singular)
जम्मू (oblique singular)
जम्मू (singular vocative)

→ English: Jammu

From Sanskrit जम्बू (jambū). Traditionally considered to be named after Jambu Lochan.

Jammu (a city in India, winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir)


जाफना

hi-proper noun

जाफना • (jāphnā) ?


सिंगापुर

सिंगापुर • (siṅgāpur) m (Urdu spelling سنگاپور)

siṅgāpur (romanization)
سنگاپور (Urdu)
सिंगापुर (direct singular)
सिंगापुर (oblique singular)
सिंगापुर (singular vocative)

/sɪŋ.ɡɑː.pʊɾ/

[sɪ̃ŋ.ɡäː.pʊɾ]

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


कलकत्ता

hi-prop

कलकत्ता • (kalkattā) m (Urdu spelling کلکتہ)

kalkattā (romanization)
کلکتہ (Urdu)
कलकत्ता (direct singular)
कलकत्ता (oblique singular)
कलकत्ते (oblique singular)
कलकत्ता (singular vocative)
कलकत्ते (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Calcutta, ultimately from Bengali কলকাতা (kolkata).

Calcutta (former name of Kolkata, the capital city of West Bengal, India)


पेशावर

hi-proper noun

पेशावर • (peśāvar) m (Urdu spelling پشاور)

peśāvar (romanization)
پشاور (Urdu)
पेशावर (direct singular)
पेशावर (oblique singular)
पेशावर (singular vocative)

/peː.ʃɑː.ʋəɾ/

[peː.ʃäː.ʋɐɾ]

Borrowed from Classical Persian پَرَشَاوَر (parašāwar), ultimately from Sanskrit पुरुषपुर (puruṣapura), from पुरुष (puruṣa) + पुर (pura).

bor+

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

Peshawar (a city in Nuristan, Afghanistan)


पटना

paṭnā (romanization)
پٹنہ (Urdu)
पटना (direct singular)
पटने (oblique singular)
पटने (singular vocative)

Unknown. Also known as पाटलिपुत्र (pāṭliputra) at one time.
Perhaps from Sanskrit पट्टन (paṭṭana, “town”), probably from Dravidian.

Patna (the capital and largest city of Bihar, India)


आगरा

āgrā (romanization)
آگرہ (Urdu)
आगरा (direct singular)
आगरे (oblique singular)
आगरे (singular vocative)

Unknown. Compare Punjabi ਆਗਰਾ (āgarā) / آگرا (āgrā), Gujarati આગ્રા (āgrā), Marathi आग्रा (āgrā), Bengali আগ্রা (agra), Kannada ಆಗ್ರಾ (āgrā).


भुवनेश्वर

hi-proper noun

भुवनेश्वर • (bhuvneśvar) m (Urdu spelling بھونیشور)

bhuvneśvar (romanization)
بھونیشور (Urdu)
भुवनेश्वर (direct singular)
भुवनेश्वर (oblique singular)
भुवनेश्वर (singular vocative)

Bhubaneshwar (a city, the capital of Odisha, India)


लाहौर

hi-prop

लाहौर • (lāhaur) m (Urdu spelling لاہور)

lāhaur (romanization)
لاہور (Urdu)
लाहौर (direct singular)
लाहौर (oblique singular)
लाहौर (singular vocative)

The origin is disputed. One theory, a legend, claims it to be from inherited from Sanskrit लव (lava, “Lava”) + पुर (pura, “fortress; city”), literally “city of Lava”. Compare Punjabi لَہَوْر (lahaur) / ਲਹੌਰ (lahaur), Gujarati લાહોર (lāhor), Marathi लाहोर (lāhor), Bengali লাহোর (lahōr). More at Etymology of Lahore.

unk

The origin is disputed

com

Lahore (a city, the provincial capital of Punjab, Pakistan)

Etymology of Lahore
Lava (Ramayana)
hi:लाहौर


औरंगाबाद

hi-proper noun

औरंगाबाद • (auraṅgābād) m (Urdu spelling اورنگ آباد)

auraṅgābād (romanization)
اورنگ آباد (Urdu)
औरंगाबाद (direct singular)
औरंगाबाद (oblique singular)
औरंगाबाद (singular vocative)

/ɔː.ɾəŋ.ɡɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɔː.ɾɐ̃ŋ.ɡäː.bäːd̪]

From औरंगज़ेब (auraṅgzeb, “Aurangzeb”) + -आबाद (-ābād).

af

Aurangabad (a city in Maharashtra, India)

Aurangabad (a city in Bihar, India)
A district of Bihar, India

A Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar, India


मेरठ

meraṭh (romanization)
میرٹھ (Urdu)
मेरठ (direct singular)
मेरठ (oblique singular)
मेरठ (singular vocative)

Claimed to be inherited from Sanskrit मयराष्ट्र (mayarāṣṭra), from मय (maya, “Mayasura”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra, “kingdom”).


आलप्पुला

hi-proper noun

आलप्पुला • (ālappulā) m (Urdu spelling آلاپولا)

ālappulā (romanization)
آلاپولا (Urdu)
आलप्पुला (direct singular)
आलप्पुला (oblique singular)
आलप्पुला (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Malayalam ആലപ്പുഴ (ālappuḻa).

bor+

hi:आलप्पुष़ा जिला


हस्तिनापुर

hi-proper noun

हस्तिनापुर • (hastināpur) m (Urdu spelling ہستناپور)

hastināpur (romanization)
ہستناپور (Urdu)
हस्तिनापुर (direct singular)
हस्तिनापुर (oblique singular)
हस्तिनापुर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हस्तिनापुर (hastināpura).

bor+

Hastinapura (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


सूरत

Borrowed from Classical Persian سورت (sūrat), from Gujarati સુરત (surat).


वेटिकन

hi-proper noun

वेटिकन • (veṭikan) ? (Urdu spelling ویٹیکن)

veṭikan (romanization)
ویٹیکن (Urdu)
वेटिकन (direct singular)
वेटिकन (oblique singular)
वेटिकन (singular vocative)

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


विक्टोरिया

विक्टोरिया • (vikṭoriyā) ? (Urdu spelling وکٹوریہ)

hi:विक्टोरिया (ऑस्ट्रेलिया)
hi:विक्टोरिया झील
hi:विक्टोरिया, सेशाइल्स

Victoria (a city, the capital city of Seychelles)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Victoria (a city, the provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada)


काबुल

kābul (romanization)
کابل (Urdu)
काबुल (direct singular)
काबुल (oblique singular)
काबुल (singular vocative)

Kabul (a city, the capital city of Afghanistan)


ऋषिकेश

ऋषिकेश • (ŕṣikeś) m (Urdu spelling رشی کیش)

ŕṣikeś (romanization)
رشی کیش (Urdu)
ऋषिकेश (direct singular)
ऋषिकेश (oblique singular)
ऋषिकेश (singular vocative)

/ɾɪ.ʂɪ.keːʃ/

[ɾɪ.ʃɪ.keːʃ]

Rishikesh (a city in Uttarakhand, India)


भोपाल

भोपाल • (bhopāl) m (Urdu spelling بھوپال)

bhopāl (romanization)
بھوپال (Urdu)
भोपाल (direct singular)
भोपाल (oblique singular)
भोपाल (singular vocative)

Ultimately from भोज (bhoj, “Bhoja, King of Malwa”) + पाल (pāl, “dam”).

compound

Bhopal (the state capital of Madhya Pradesh, India)


जयपुर

hi-proper noun

जयपुर • (jaypur) m (Urdu spelling جے پور)

jaypur (romanization)
جے پور (Urdu)
जयपुर (direct singular)
जयपुर (oblique singular)
जयपुर (singular vocative)

From जय (jay, “Jai Singh II”) + -पुर (-pur). Compare Gujarati જયપુર (jayapur), Marathi जयपूर (jaypūr).

Jaipur (the state capital of Rajasthan, India)


तिरुवनंतपुरम

hi-prop

تروواننتاپورم

तिरुवनंतपुरम • (tiruvnantpuram) f (Urdu spelling تروواننتاپورم)

tiruvnantpuram (romanization)
تروواننتاپورم (Urdu)
तिरुवनंतपुरम (direct singular)
तिरुवनंतपुरम (oblique singular)
तिरुवनंतपुरम (singular vocative)

[t̪ɪ.ɾʊ.ʋɐ.nɐ̃n̪.t̪ɐ.pʊ.ɾɐ̃m]

Borrowed from Malayalam തിരുവനന്തപുരം (tiruvanantapuraṁ).

bor+

തിരുവനന്തപുരം

Thiruvananthapuram (a city in Kerala, India)


विशाखपट्नम

hi-proper noun

विशाखपट्नम • (viśākhpaṭnam) ? (Urdu spelling وشاکھاپٹنم)

viśākhpaṭnam (romanization)
وشاکھاپٹنم (Urdu)

/ʋɪ.ʃɑːkʰ.pəʈ.nəm/

[ʋɪ.ʃäːkʰ.pɐʈ.nɐ̃m]

Visakhapatnam (the largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India)


लंदन

landan (romanization)
لندن (Urdu)
लंदन (direct singular)
लंदन (oblique singular)
लंदन (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English London, from Middle English London, from Old English Lunden, a borrowing from Latin Londīnium.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


शंघाई

शंघाई • (śaṅghāī) f

śaṅghāī (romanization)
शंघाई (direct singular)
शंघाई (oblique singular)
शंघाई (singular vocative)

/ʃəŋ.ɡʱɑː.iː/

[ʃɐ̃ŋ.ɡʱäː.iː]


क़ाहिरा

क़ाहिरा • (qāhirā) m (Urdu spelling قاہرہ)

qāhirā (romanization)
قاہرہ (Urdu)
क़ाहिरा (direct singular)
क़ाहिरा (oblique singular)
क़ाहिरा (singular vocative)

/qɑː.ɦɪ.ɾɑː/

[qäː.ɦɪ.ɾäː]

/kɑː.ɦɪ.ɾɑː/

[käː.ɦɪ.ɾäː]

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).

bor+

اَلْقَاهِرَة


हलब

halab (romanization)
حلب (Urdu)
हलब (direct singular)
हलब (oblique singular)
हलब (singular vocative)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


पोर्ट ब्लेयर

hi-proper noun

पोर्ट ब्लेयर • (porṭ bleyar) m (Urdu spelling پورٹ بلیئر)

porṭ bleyar (romanization)
پورٹ بلیئر (Urdu)
पोर्ट ब्लेयर (direct singular)
पोर्ट ब्लेयर (oblique singular)
पोर्ट ब्लेयर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Port Blair, named after Archibald Blair.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands#English

Port Blair (the capital city of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India)


पटाया

पटाया • (paṭāyā) f

paṭāyā (romanization)
पटाया (direct singular)
पटाया (oblique singular)
पटाया (singular vocative)


शिमला

Supposedly from श्यामला (śyāmlā, “a name of Parvati”).

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

Shimla, Simla (the state capital of Himachal Pradesh, India)


फ़ास

Borrowed from Classical Persian فاس (fās), from Arabic فَاس (fās).


टोरंटो

hi-proper noun

टोरंटो • (ṭoraṇṭo) m (Urdu spelling ٹورانٹو)

ṭoraṇṭo (romanization)
ٹورانٹو (Urdu)
टोरंटो (direct singular)
टोरंटो (oblique singular)
टोरंटो (singular vocative)

/ʈoː.ɾəɳ.ʈoː/

[ʈoː.ɾɐ̃ɳ.ʈoː]

Borrowed from English Toronto, from Mohawk tkaronto (“where trees stand in water”).

der

Toronto (the capital city of Ontario, Canada, and largest city in Canada)


सियोल

siyol (romanization)
سیول (Urdu)
सियोल (direct singular)
सियोल (oblique singular)
सियोल (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


ग्रोनिंगन

hi-proper noun

ग्रोनिंगन • (groniṅgan) ?


एथेंस

एथेंस • (ethẽs) ? (Urdu spelling ایتھینس)


ऐम्स्टर्डैम

ऐम्स्टर्डैम • (aimsṭarḍaim) m (Urdu spelling ایمسٹرڈیم)

aimsṭarḍaim (romanization)
ایمسٹرڈیم (Urdu)
ऐम्स्टर्डैम (direct singular)
ऐम्स्टर्डैम (oblique singular)
ऐम्स्टर्डैम (singular vocative)

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


टोक्यो

टोक्यो • (ṭokyo) ? (Urdu spelling ٹوکیو)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


क्योटो

क्योटो • (kyoṭo) ?

Borrowed from Japanese 京都 (kyōto, “capital city”), from Middle Chinese 京都 (kjæng-tu, “capital (of a country)”).

der

Kyoto (the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


झाँसी

hi-proper noun

झाँसी • (jhā̃sī) f (Urdu spelling جھانسی)

jhā̃sī (romanization)
جھانسی (Urdu)
झाँसी (direct singular)
झाँसी (oblique singular)
झाँसी (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒʱɑ̃ː.siː/

[d͡ʒʱä̃ː.siː]

खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।

c. 1940, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Jhansi ki Rani line 7

Like a man she fought, she was the Queen of Jhansi.

khūb laṛī mardānī vah to jhā̃sī vālī rānī thī.


लखनऊ

लखनऊ • (lakhnaū) m (Urdu spelling لکھنؤ)

lakhnaū (romanization)
لکھنؤ (Urdu)
लखनऊ (direct singular)
लखनऊ (oblique singular)
लखनऊ (singular vocative)

→ Marathi: लखनऊ (lakhnaū)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Sanskrit लक्ष्मणपुरी (lakṣmaṇapurī, “city of Lakshman”), or perhaps लक्ष्मणवती (lakṣmaṇavatī, “fortunate”).

der

Lucknow (the state capital of Uttar Pradesh, India)


बम्बई

bambaī (romanization)
बम्बई (direct singular)
बम्बई (oblique singular)
बम्बई (singular vocative)

बंबई बंबई#Hindi

Alternative spelling of बंबई (bambaī): Bombay (former name of Mumbai, a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


बंबई

bambaī (romanization)
بمبئی (Urdu)
बंबई (direct singular)
बंबई (oblique singular)
बंबई (singular vocative)

Bombay (former name of Mumbai, a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


अजमेर

ajmer (romanization)
اجمیر (Urdu)
अजमेर (direct singular)
अजमेर (oblique singular)
अजमेर (singular vocative)


श्रीनगर

hi-proper noun

श्रीनगर • (śrīnagar) m (Urdu spelling شرینگر)

śrīnagar (romanization)
شرینگر (Urdu)
श्रीनगर (direct singular)
श्रीनगर (oblique singular)
श्रीनगर (singular vocative)

/ʃɾiː.nə.ɡəɾ/

[ʃɾiː.nɐ.ɡɐɾ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्रीनगर (śrīnagara), from श्री (śrī) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”). Compare Urdu سری نگر (sirī nagar). By surface analysis, श्री (śrī) + -नगर (-nagar).

surf

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Srinagar (a city, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


कानपुर

hi-proper noun

कानपुर • (kānpur) m (Urdu spelling کانپور)

kānpur (romanization)
کانپور (Urdu)
कानपुर (direct singular)
कानपुर (oblique singular)
कानपुर (singular vocative)

Uncertain. Probably from कान (kān) + -पुर (-pur, “city”), with the first element descended from the name for the Kanhpuriya dynasty. The ultimate source could be Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa) or कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa). Compare also the nearby कन्नौज (kannauj, “Kannauj”).

Kanpur (a large city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


बनारस

बनारस • (banāras) f (Urdu spelling بنارس)

banāras (romanization)
بنارس (Urdu)
बनारस (direct singular)
बनारस (oblique singular)
बनारस (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit वाणारसी (vāṇārasī), a metathesized form of वाराणसी (vārāṇasī).
Alternatively, named after the legendary figure of Rājā Bānār who is said to have rebuilt the city.

metathesis

metathesized

Varanasi, Benares, Kashi (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India, sacred to Hinduism and Jainism)


पणजी

paṇjī (romanization)
پنجی (Urdu)
पणजी (direct singular)
पणजी (oblique singular)
पणजी (singular vocative)

[pɐ̃ɳ.d͡ʒiː]

Panaji (a city, the state capital of Goa, India)


जोधपुर

hi-proper noun

जोधपुर • (jodhpur) m (Urdu spelling جودھ پور)

jodhpur (romanization)
جودھ پور (Urdu)
जोधपुर (direct singular)
जोधपुर (oblique singular)
जोधपुर (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒoːd̪ʱ.pʊɾ/

From जोधा (jodhā, “Jodha of Mandore”) + -पुर (-pur).


ग्वालियर

hi-proper noun

ग्वालियर • (gvāliyar) m (Urdu spelling گوالیار)

gvāliyar (romanization)
گوالیار (Urdu)
ग्वालियर (direct singular)
ग्वालियर (oblique singular)
ग्वालियर (singular vocative)

/ɡʋɑː.lɪ.jəɾ/

Unknown. A legend suggests that it was named after Gwalipa by its founder, Suraj Sen. Cognate to Marathi ग्वाल्हेर (gvālher).

Gwalior (a city in Madhya Pradesh, India)


मैसूर

मैसूर • (maisūr) ? (Urdu spelling میسور)

Mysore, Mysuru (a city in Karnataka, India)


मदुरै

मदुरै • (madurai) ? (Urdu spelling مدورئی or مدورے)

madurai (romanization)
مدورئی (Urdu)
مدورے (Urdu)

/mə.d̪ʊ.ɾɛː/

[mɐ.d̪ʊ.ɾɛː]


गुवाहाटी

गुवाहाटी • (guvāhāṭī) ? (Urdu spelling گواہاٹی)

/ɡʊ.ʋɑː.ɦɑː.ʈiː/

[ɡʊ.ʋäː.ɦäː.ʈiː]

Borrowed from Assamese গুৱাহাটী (guahati).


पुणे

Pune (a major city and district of Maharashtra, India)


ज़ाग्रेब

hi-proper noun

ज़ाग्रेब • (zāgreb) ?

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


पोखरा

pokhrā (romanization)
पोखरा (direct singular)
पोखरे (oblique singular)
पोखरे (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Nepali पोखरा (pokharā), from Sanskrit पुष्कर (puṣkara).


इलाहाबाद

इलाहाबाद • (ilāhābād) m (Urdu spelling الٰہ آباد)

ilāhābād (romanization)
الٰہ آباد (Urdu)
इलाहाबाद (direct singular)
इलाहाबाद (oblique singular)
इलाहाबाद (singular vocative)

/ɪ.lɑː.ɦɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɪ.läː.ɦäː.bäːd̪]

Borrowed from Classical Persian اللهآباد (allāh-ābād), from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh, “Allah”) + Classical Persian آباد (ābād, “city”).

bor+

Allahabad (former name of Prayagraj, a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


उत्तरकाशी

hi-proper noun

उत्तरकाशी • (uttarkāśī) f (Urdu spelling اتر کاشی)

uttarkāśī (romanization)
اتر کاشی (Urdu)
उत्तरकाशी (direct singular)
उत्तरकाशी (oblique singular)
उत्तरकाशी (singular vocative)

/ʊt̪.t̪əɾ.kɑː.ʃiː/

[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐɾ.käː.ʃiː]

From उत्तर (uttar, “northern”) + काशी (kāśī, “Kashi, a name for Varanasi”), literally “Varanasi of the North”.

compound

Uttarkashi (a city in Uttarakhand, India)


कोटा

koṭā (romanization)
کوٹہ (Urdu)
कोटा (direct singular)
कोटे (oblique singular)
कोटे (singular vocative)

Kota, Kotah (a city in Rajasthan, India)


करनाल

hi-proper noun

करनाल • (karnāl) m (Urdu spelling کرنال)

karnāl (romanization)
کرنال (Urdu)
करनाल (direct singular)
करनाल (oblique singular)
करनाल (singular vocative)


दमिश्क़

दमिश्क़ • (damiśq) m (Urdu spelling دمشق)

damiśq (romanization)
دمشق (Urdu)
दमिश्क़ (direct singular)
दमिश्क़ (oblique singular)
दमिश्क़ (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دمشق (damišq), from Arabic دِمَشْق (dimašq).


बरेली

hi-proper noun

बरेली • (barelī) f (Urdu spelling بریلی)

barelī (romanization)
بریلی (Urdu)
बरेली (direct singular)
बरेली (oblique singular)
बरेली (singular vocative)

Bareilly (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


रांची

रांची • (rāñcī) f

rāñcī (romanization)
रांची (direct singular)
रांची (oblique singular)
रांची (singular vocative)

/ɾɑːn.t͡ʃiː/

[ɾä̃ːn.t͡ʃiː]

राँची राँची#Hindi

Alternative spelling of राँची (rā̃cī): Ranchi (a city, the state capital of Jharkhand, India)


राँची

rā̃cī (romanization)
رانچی (Urdu)
राँची (direct singular)
राँची (oblique singular)
राँची (singular vocative)

/ɾɑ̃ː.t͡ʃiː/

[ɾä̃ː.t͡ʃiː]

Ranchi (a city, the state capital of Jharkhand, India)


फ़ैसलाबाद

फ़ैसलाबाद • (faislābād) m (Urdu spelling فیصل آباد)

faislābād (romanization)
فیصل آباد (Urdu)
फ़ैसलाबाद (direct singular)
फ़ैसलाबाद (oblique singular)
फ़ैसलाबाद (singular vocative)

Renaming of लायलपुर (lāyalpur, “Lyallpur”) to फ़ैसल (faisal, “King Faisal of Saudi Arabia”) + आबाद (ābād, “placename suffix”).

compound

hi:फ़ैसलाबाद


जबलपुर

hi-proper noun

जबलपुर • (jabalpur) m (Urdu spelling جَبَل پُور)

jabalpur (romanization)
جَبَل پُور (Urdu)
जबलपुर (direct singular)
जबलपुर (oblique singular)
जबलपुर (singular vocative)

Uncertain. Borrowed from Sanskrit जाबालिपुर (jābālipura), or जबल (jabal, “mountain”) + -पुर (-pur, “city”).

af

Jabalpur, Jubbulpore (a city in Madhya Pradesh, India)


रावलपिंडी

hi-proper noun

रावलपिंडी • (rāvalpiṇḍī) m (Urdu spelling راولپنڈی)

rāvalpiṇḍī (romanization)
راولپنڈی (Urdu)
रावलपिंडी (direct singular)
रावलपिंडी (oblique singular)
रावलपिंडी (singular vocative)

/ɾɑː.ʋəl.pɪɳ.ɖiː/

[ɾäː.ʋɐl.pɪ̃ɳ.ɖiː]

Borrowed from Punjabi ਰਾਵਲਪਿੰਡੀ (rāvlapiṇḍī) / راولپنڈی (rāwalpiṇḍī). Compare Marathi रावळपिंडी (rāvaḷpiṇḍī).

cog

Marathi रावळपिंडी (rāvaḷpiṇḍī)

hi:रावलपिंडी


शिगात्से

/ʃɪ.ɡɑːt̪.seː/

[ʃɪ.ɡäːt̪.seː]

Borrowed from Tibetan གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ (gzhis ka rtse).

bor+

Shigatse (a city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


कोयंबतूर

hi-proper noun

कोयंबतूर • (koyambatūr) ? (Urdu spelling کوئمبتور)

koyambatūr (romanization)
کوئمبتور (Urdu)

Borrowed from Tamil கோயம்புத்தூர் (kōyamputtūr).

bor+

கோயம்புத்தூர்

Coimbatore (a city in Tamil Nadu, India)


गुजरांवाला

hi-proper noun

गुजरांवाला • (gujrāmvālā) m (Urdu spelling گوجرانوالہ)

gujrāmvālā (romanization)
گوجرانوالہ (Urdu)

/ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾɑːm.ʋɑː.lɑː/

[ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾä̃ːm.wäː.läː]

Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ (gujrā̃vālā) / گجرانوالہ (gjrānoālh), named after the Gujjars.

bor+

hi:गुजरांवाला


ग़ाज़ियाबाद

hi-proper noun

ग़ाज़ियाबाद • (ġāziyābād) m (Urdu spelling غازی آباد)

ġāziyābād (romanization)
غازی آباد (Urdu)
ग़ाज़ियाबाद (direct singular)
ग़ाज़ियाबाद (oblique singular)
ग़ाज़ियाबाद (singular vocative)

/ɣɑː.zɪ.jɑː.bɑːd̪/

/ɡɑː.d͡ʒɪ.jɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɡäː.d͡ʒi.jäː.bäːd̪]

Borrowed from Urdu غازی آباد (ġāzī ābād), from ग़ाज़ी (ġāzī, “Wazir Ghazi-ud-din, the founder”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

Ghaziabad (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


कराची

hi-proper noun

कराची • (karācī) m (Urdu spelling کراچی)

karācī (romanization)
کراچی (Urdu)
कराची (direct singular)
कराची (oblique singular)
कराची (singular vocative)

/kə.ɾɑː.t͡ʃiː/

[kɐ.ɾäː.t͡ʃiː]

Supposedly from Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī), named after Mai Kolachi.

bor

Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī)

Karachi (a city, the provincial capital of Sindh, Pakistan)


बहावलपुर

hi-proper noun

बहावलपुर • (bahāvalpur) m (Urdu spelling بہاولپور)

bahāvalpur (romanization)
بہاولپور (Urdu)
बहावलपुर (direct singular)
बहावलपुर (oblique singular)
बहावलपुर (singular vocative)

/bə.ɦɑː.ʋəl.pʊɾ/

[bɐ.ɦäː.ʋɐl.pʊɾ]

From बहावल (bahāval, “Nawab Mohammad Bahawal Khan II”) + -पुर (-pur).


नासिक

Borrowed from Marathi नाशिक (nāśik), from Sanskrit नासिका (nāsikā, “nose”), a reference to Lakshmana cutting Shurpanakha's nose in the Ramayana.

Nashik, Nasik (a city in Maharashtra, India)


ठाणे

hi-proper noun

ठाणे • (ṭhāṇe) m (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ٹَھانے)

Borrowed from Marathi ठाणे (ṭhāṇe). Doublet of थाना (thānā). Compare Nepali ठाउँ (ṭhāũ).

Thane (a large city and district of Maharashtra, India)


ढाका

ḍhākā (romanization)
ڈھاکا (Urdu)
ढाका (direct singular)
ढाका (oblique singular)
ढाका (singular vocative)

Dhaka, Dacca (a city, the capital city of Bangladesh)


क्वेटा

क्वेटा • (kveṭā) m (Urdu spelling کوئٹہ)

kveṭā (romanization)
کوئٹہ (Urdu)
क्वेटा (direct singular)
क्वेटे (oblique singular)
क्वेटे (singular vocative)

Quetta, Kuwatah (a city, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan)


मुल्तान

मुल्तान • (multān) ? (Urdu spelling ملتان)

Borrowed from Punjabi ਮੁਲਤਾਨ (multān) / ملتان (multān), perhaps from Sanskrit मुलस्थान (mulasthāna), from मुल (mula, “an ancient Hindu tribe”) + स्थान (sthāna).


सख्खर

hi-proper noun

सख्खर • (sakhkhar) m (Urdu spelling سکھر)


लाड़काना

लाड़काना • (lāṛkānā) ? (Urdu spelling لاڑکانہ)

/lɑːɽ.kɑː.nɑː/

[läːɽ.käː.näː]

Borrowed from Sindhi لاڙڪاڻو (lāṛkāṇo) / लाड़काणो (lāṛkāṇo).


लुंबिनी

लुंबिनी • (lumbinī) f

lumbinī (romanization)
लुंबिनी (direct singular)
लुंबिनी (oblique singular)
लुंबिनी (singular vocative)

From Nepali लुम्बिनी (lumbinī), from Sanskrit लुम्बिनी (lumbinī, “the lovely”).


काठमांडू

hi-proper noun

काठमांडू • (kāṭhmāṇḍū) m (Urdu spelling کاٹھمانڈو)

kāṭhmāṇḍū (romanization)
کاٹھمانڈو (Urdu)
काठमांडू (direct singular)
काठमांडू (oblique singular)
काठमांडू (singular vocative)

/kɑːʈʰ.mɑːɳ.ɖuː/

[käːʈʰ.mä̃ːɳ.ɖuː]

Borrowed from Nepali काठमाडौं (kāṭhmāḍa͠u). Ultimately from Sanskrit काष्ठमण्डप (kāṣṭhamaṇḍapa, “a temple in Durbar Square”) from काष्ठ (kāṣṭha, “wood”) + मण्डप (maṇḍapa, “pavilion”).

compound

Kathmandu (a city, the capital city of Nepal)


नोएडा

hi-proper noun

नोएडा • (noeḍā) m (Urdu spelling نوئیڈا)

noeḍā (romanization)
نوئیڈا (Urdu)
नोएडा (direct singular)
नोएडे (oblique singular)
नोएडे (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Noida, from New Okhla Industrial Development Authority.


पाटन

पाटन • (pāṭan) m

pāṭan (romanization)
पाटन (direct singular)
पाटन (oblique singular)
पाटन (singular vocative)


बीरगंज

बीरगंज • (bīrgañj) m

bīrgañj (romanization)
बीरगंज (direct singular)
बीरगंज (oblique singular)
बीरगंज (singular vocative)

[biːɾ.ɡɐ̃nd͡ʒ]

Borrowed from Nepali बीरगञ्ज (bīragañj), from बीर (bīra, “Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana”) + गञ्जा (gañjā).

compound

Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
hi:बीरगंज


चटगांव

hi-proper noun

चटगांव • (caṭgāmv) ? (Urdu spelling چٹگاؤں)

/t͡ʃəʈ.ɡɑ̃ː.oː/

[t͡ʃɐʈ.ɡä̃ː.oː]

Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division#English

Chittagong (a city in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh)

hi:चटगाँव (शहर)


जनकपुर

janakpur (romanization)
जनकपुर (direct singular)
जनकपुर (oblique singular)
जनकपुर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Nepali जनकपुर (janakpur), from जनक (janaka) + पुर (pura). By surface analysis, जनक (janak) + -पुर (-pur).


बरिशाल

hi-proper noun

बरिशाल • (bariśāl) m

bariśāl (romanization)
बरिशाल (direct singular)
बरिशाल (oblique singular)
बरिशाल (singular vocative)

/bə.ɾɪ.ʃɑːl/

[bɐ.ɾɪ.ʃäːl]


डरबन

Borrowed from English Durban, named after Benjamin D'Urban.

Durban (a city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)


सिडनी

Borrowed from English Sydney, named after Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney.

(uncountable) Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia)

(uncountable) Sydney (a seaport and former city in Nova Scotia, Canada, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island)

Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney
hi:सिडनी


लेस्टर

लेस्टर • (lesṭar) m (Urdu spelling لیسٹر)

lesṭar (romanization)
لیسٹر (Urdu)
लेस्टर (direct singular)
लेस्टर (oblique singular)
लेस्टर (singular vocative)

Leicester (a city in Leicestershire, East Midlands, England)


भरतपुर

bharatpur (romanization)
भरतपुर (direct singular)
भरतपुर (oblique singular)
भरतपुर (singular vocative)

/bʱə.ɾət̪.pʊɾ/

[bʱɐ.ɾɐt̪.pʊɾ]


घोराही

घोराही • (ghorāhī) ?

/ɡʱoː.ɾɑː.ɦiː/

[ɡʱoː.ɾäː.ɦiː]


बर्मिंघम

बर्मिंघम • (barmiṅgham) m (Urdu spelling برمنگھم)

barmiṅgham (romanization)
برمنگھم (Urdu)
बर्मिंघम (direct singular)
बर्मिंघम (oblique singular)
बर्मिंघम (singular vocative)

/bəɾ.mɪŋ.ɡʱəm/

[bɐɾ.mɪ̃ŋ.ɡʱɐ̃m]

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Birmingham (a major city and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, England)

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

Birmingham (a city, the county seat of Jefferson County, Alabama, United States)


हेटौडा

हेटौडा • (heṭauḍā) ?

/ɦeː.ʈɔː.ɖɑː/

[ɦeː.ʈɔː.ɖäː]


जेद्दा

/d͡ʒeːd̪.d̪ɑː/

[d͡ʒeːd̪̚.d̪äː]

Jeddah (a port city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia)


तक्षशिला

hi-prop

तक्षशिला • (takṣaśilā) f (Urdu spelling تکشیلا)

takṣaśilā (romanization)
تکشیلا (Urdu)
तक्षशिला (direct singular)
तक्षशिला (oblique singular)
तक्षशिला (singular vocative)

/t̪ək.ʂə.ʃɪ.lɑː/

[t̪ɐk.ʃɐ.ʃɪ.läː]

Borrowed from Sanskrit तक्षशिला (takṣaśilā).

bor+

Taxila (a modern city in Rawalpindi district, Punjab, Pakistan)


विराटनगर

hi-proper noun

विराटनगर • (virāṭnagar) m

virāṭnagar (romanization)
विराटनगर (direct singular)
विराटनगर (oblique singular)
विराटनगर (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//विराट्नगर<M.sg>

/ʋɪ.ɾɑːʈ.nə.ɡəɾ/

[ʋɪ.ɾäːʈ.nɐ.ɡɐɾ]

Borrowed from Nepali बिराटनगर (birāṭnagar). By surface analysis, विराट (virāṭ) + -नगर (-nagar).

surf

Biratnagar (the capital of Koshi, Nepal)


अगरतला

hi-proper noun

अगरतला • (agartalā) ? (Urdu spelling اگرتلا)

/ə.ɡəɾ.t̪ə.lɑː/

[ɐ.ɡɐɾ.t̪ɐ.läː]

Borrowed from Bengali আগরতলা (agortola).

Agartala (a city, the state capital of Tripura, India)


नेपालगंज

नेपालगंज • (nepālgañj) ?

Borrowed from Nepali नेपालगञ्ज (nepālganj), from नेपाल (nepāl) + गञ्जा (gañjā).

compound

नेपाल (nepāl) + गञ्जा (gañjā)

hi:नेपालगञ्ज


धरान

[d̪ʱɐ.ɾä̃ːn]

Borrowed from Nepali धरान (dharān, “a place to saw timber”).


कपिलवस्तु

kapilvastu (romanization)
कपिलवस्तु (direct singular)
कपिलवस्तु (oblique singular)
कपिलवस्तु (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Nepali कपिलवस्तु (kapilavastu), from Sanskrit कपिलवस्तु (kapilavastu).

Kapilavastu (a city, the administrative centre of Kapilavastu, Lumbini, Nepal)

hi:कपिलवस्तु


धनगढी

/d̪ʱən.ɡə.ɖʱiː/

[d̪ʱɐ̃n.ɡɐ.ɖʱiː]


देहरादून

hi-proper noun

देहरादून • (dehrādūn) m (Urdu spelling دہرہ دون)

dehrādūn (romanization)
دہرہ دون (Urdu)
देहरादून (direct singular)
देहरादून (oblique singular)
देहरादून (singular vocative)

[d̪eːʱ.ɾäː.d̪ũːn]

From देहरा (dehrā, “Dera”) + दून (dūn, “Doon Valley”).

compound

Dehradun (a city, the state capital of Uttarakhand, India)


भक्तपुर

bhaktapur (romanization)
भक्तपुर (direct singular)
भक्तपुर (oblique singular)
भक्तपुर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Nepali भक्तपुर (bhaktapura), from भक्त (bhakta) + पुर (pura). By surface analysis, भक्त (bhakt) + -पुर (-pur).


गाँधीनगर

hi-proper noun

गाँधीनगर • (gāndhīnagar) m (Urdu spelling گاندھی نگر)

gāndhīnagar (romanization)
گاندھی نگر (Urdu)
गाँधीनगर (direct singular)
गाँधीनगर (oblique singular)
गाँधीनगर (singular vocative)

/ɡɑːn.d̪ʱiː.nə.ɡəɾ/

[ɡä̃ːn̪.d̪ʱiː.nɐ.ɡɐɾ]

Borrowed from Gujarati ગાંધીનગર (gā̃dhīnagar).

bor+

Gandhinagar (a city, the capital of Gujarat, India)


मैनचेस्टर

maincesṭar (romanization)
मैनचेस्टर (direct singular)
मैनचेस्टर (oblique singular)
मैनचेस्टर (singular vocative)

[mɛ̃ːn.t͡ʃeːs.ʈɐɾ]

hi:मैन्चेस्टर

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

Manchester (a major city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in northwestern England)

Manchester (a city in New Hampshire, United States)


सुरत थानी

hi-proper noun

सुरत थानी • (surat thānī) ?

/sʊ.ɾət̪ t̪ʰɑː.niː/

[sʊ.ɾɐt̪‿t̪ʰäː.niː]

Borrowed from Thai สุราษฎร์ธานี (sù-râat-taa-nii), from Gujarati સુરત (surat) + Thai ธานี (taa-nii), ธานี (taa-nii) from Sanskrit धानी (dhānī).

bor+

สุราษฎร์ธานี

Surat Thani (a city in Surat Thani province, Thailand)

hi:सुरत थानी प्रान्त


योग्यकार्ता

hi-proper noun

योग्यकार्ता • (yogyakārtā) m

yogyakārtā (romanization)
योग्यकार्ता (direct singular)
योग्यकार्ता (oblique singular)
योग्यकार्ता (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ (yogyakarta) / Yogyakarta, from Sanskrit योग्यकर्ता (yogyakartā), from योग्य (yogya) + कर्ता (kartā). Named after Ayodhya.

bor+

Special Region of Yogyakarta
Special Region of Yogyakarta#English

Yogyakarta (a city in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

hi:योग्यकार्ता


जकार्ता

hi-proper noun

जकार्ता • (jakārtā) m (Urdu spelling جکارتہ)

jakārtā (romanization)
جکارتہ (Urdu)
जकार्ता (direct singular)
जकार्ता (oblique singular)
जकार्ता (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒə.kɑːɾ.t̪ɑː/

[d͡ʒɐ.käːɾ.t̪äː]

Borrowed from Indonesian Jakarta, from Sanskrit जयकर्ता (jayakartā), from जय (jaya) + कर्ता (kartā).

Jakarta (a city, the capital of Indonesia)


यरुशलम

यरुशलम • (yaruśalam) m (Urdu spelling یروشلم)

yaruśalam (romanization)
یروشلم (Urdu)
यरुशलम (direct singular)
यरुशलम (oblique singular)
यरुशलम (singular vocative)

bor+

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

अमरीकी राष्ट्रपति डोनल्ड ट्रंप ने घोषणा की है कि अमरीका यरूशलम को इसराइल की राजधानी के रूप में मान्यता देता है.

2017 December 6, “यरूशलम इसराइल की राजधानी: डोनल्ड ट्रंप [yarūślam isrāil kī rājdhānī: ḍonalḍ ṭramp]”, in BBC Hindi:

American president Donald Trump has announced that America recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.

Jerusalem (a city in Israel and Palestine)


उस्मानाबाद

hi-proper noun

उस्मानाबाद • (usmānābād) m (Urdu spelling عثمان آباد)

usmānābād (romanization)
عثمان آباد (Urdu)
उस्मानाबाद (direct singular)
उस्मानाबाद (oblique singular)
उस्मानाबाद (singular vocative)

उस्मान (usmān, “Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”)

af

Osmanabad, Usmanabad (a city in Marathwada, Maharashtra, India)

Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII
hi:उस्मानाबाद


वड़ोदरा

hi-proper noun

वड़ोदरा • (vaṛodrā) ? (Urdu spelling وڈودرا)

/ʋə.ɽoːd̪.ɾɑː/

[ʋɐ.ɽoːd̪.ɾäː]

Borrowed from Gujarati વડોદરા (vaḍodrā).

Vadodara (a large city and district of Gujarat, India)


ओटावा

ओटावा • (oṭāvā) ? (Urdu spelling اوٹاوا)

/oː.ʈɑː.ʋɑː/

[oː.ʈäː.ʋäː]

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada)


वेलिंग्टन

वेलिंग्टन • (veliṅgṭan) ? (Urdu spelling ویلنگٹن)

/ʋeː.lɪŋɡ.ʈən/

[ʋeː.lɪ̃ŋɡ.ʈɐ̃n]

Borrowed from English Wellington, named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.

Wellington (a city, the capital city of New Zealand)

hi:वेलिंग्टन


कैनबरा

कैनबरा • (kainabrā) ? (Urdu spelling کینبرا)

Borrowed from English Canberra, from Ngunawal kamberra (“meeting place”).

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


मुरादाबाद

मुरादाबाद • (murādābād) m (Urdu spelling مراد آباد)

murādābād (romanization)
مراد آباد (Urdu)
मुरादाबाद (direct singular)
मुरादाबाद (oblique singular)
मुरादाबाद (singular vocative)

/mʊ.ɾɑː.d̪ɑː.bɑːd̪/

[mʊ.ɾäː.d̪äː.bäːd̪]

मुराद (murād, “Murad Bakhsh”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

Moradabad (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


फ़रीदाबाद

hi-proper noun

फ़रीदाबाद • (farīdābād) m (Urdu spelling فرید آباد)

farīdābād (romanization)
فرید آباد (Urdu)
फ़रीदाबाद (direct singular)
फ़रीदाबाद (oblique singular)
फ़रीदाबाद (singular vocative)

/pʰə.ɾiː.d̪ɑː.bɑːd̪/

[pʰɐ.ɾiː.d̪äː.bäːd̪]

From फ़रीद (farīd, “Fariduddin Ganjshakar”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).


होशंगाबाद

hi-proper noun

ہوشَن٘گ آباد

होशंगाबाद • (hośaṅgābād) m (Urdu spelling ہوشَن٘گ آباد)

hośaṅgābād (romanization)
ہوشَن٘گ آباد (Urdu)
होशंगाबाद (direct singular)
होशंगाबाद (oblique singular)
होशंगाबाद (singular vocative)

/ɦoː.ʃəŋ.ɡɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɦoː.ʃɐ̃ŋ.ɡäː.bäːd̪]

हो‧शं‧गा‧बाद

Named after Hoshang Shah, from होशंग (hośaṅg) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

Hoshangabad (a city in Madhya Pradesh, India)

hi:होशंगाबाद


निज़ामाबाद

hi-proper noun

निज़ामाबाद • (nizāmābād) m (Urdu spelling نظام آباد)

nizāmābād (romanization)
نظام آباد (Urdu)
निज़ामाबाद (direct singular)
निज़ामाबाद (oblique singular)
निज़ामाबाद (singular vocative)

→ Telugu: నిజామాబాదు (nijāmābādu)

/nɪ.d͡ʒɑː.mɑː.bɑːd̪/

[nɪ.d͡ʒäː.mäː.bäːd̪]

From निज़ाम (nizām, “Nizam of Hyderabad”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).


जैकबाबाद

hi-proper noun

जैकबाबाद • (jaikbābād) m (Urdu spelling جیکب آباد)

jaikbābād (romanization)
جیکب آباد (Urdu)
जैकबाबाद (direct singular)
जैकबाबाद (oblique singular)
जैकबाबाद (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒɛːk.bɑː.bɑːd̪/

[d͡ʒɛːk.bäː.bäːd̪]

Renaming of ख़ानगढ़ (xāngaṛh, “Khangarh”) to जैकब (jaikab, “John Jacob (East India Company officer)”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

John Jacob (East India Company officer)
hi:जकोबाबाद


मीरपुर ख़ास

hi-proper noun

मीरपुर ख़ास • (mīrpur xās) m (Urdu spelling میرپور خاص)

mīrpur xās (romanization)
میرپور خاص (Urdu)
मीरपुर ख़ास (direct singular)
मीरपुर ख़ास (oblique singular)
मीरपुर ख़ास (singular vocative)

[miːɾ.pʊɾ‿kʰäːs]

मीर (mīr, “Mir (title) of Khairpur (princely state)”, the ruler of the Talpur dynasty) + -पुर (-pur) + ख़ास (xās).

af

Khairpur (princely state)
Mir (title)
Talpur


मुज़फ़्फ़रगढ़

hi-proper noun

मुज़फ़्फ़रगढ़ • (muzaffargaṛh) m (Urdu spelling مظفر گڑھ)

muzaffargaṛh (romanization)
مظفر گڑھ (Urdu)
मुज़फ़्फ़रगढ़ (direct singular)
मुज़फ़्फ़रगढ़ (oblique singular)
मुज़फ़्फ़रगढ़ (singular vocative)

/mʊ.d͡ʒəpʰ.pʰəɾ.ɡəɽʱ/

[mʊ.d͡ʒɐpʰ.pʰɐɾ.ɡɐɽʱ]

मुज़फ़्फ़र (muzaffar, “Nawab Muzaffar Khan”) + -गढ़ (-gaṛh).

af

Muzaffargarh (a city in Punjab, Pakistan)


बहावलनगर

hi-proper noun

बहावलनगर • (bahāvalnagar) m (Urdu spelling بہاولنگر)

bahāvalnagar (romanization)
بہاولنگر (Urdu)
बहावलनगर (direct singular)
बहावलनगर (oblique singular)
बहावलनगर (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//बहावल्नगर<M.sg>

/bə.ɦɑː.ʋəl.nə.ɡəɾ/

[bɐ.ɦäː.ʋɐl.nɐ.ɡɐɾ]

From बहावल (bahāval, “Bahawal Khan V”) + -नगर (-nagar).

af

Bahawalnagar (a city in Punjab, Pakistan)


ननकाना साहिब

hi-proper noun

ननकाना साहिब • (nankānā sāhib) ? (Urdu spelling ننکانہ صاحب)

nankānā sāhib (romanization)
ننکانہ صاحب (Urdu)

[nɐ̃n.käː.näː‿säː.ɦɪb]

Borrowed from Punjabi ਨਨਕਾਣਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ (nankāṇā sāhib) / ننکاݨہ صاحب (nankāṇā sāhib), named after Guru Nanak.

bor+

ਨਨਕਾਣਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ

Nankana Sahib (a city in Punjab, Pakistan)


सादिक़ाबाद

hi-proper noun

सादिक़ाबाद • (sādiqābād) m (Urdu spelling صادق آباد)

sādiqābād (romanization)
صادق آباد (Urdu)
सादिक़ाबाद (direct singular)
सादिक़ाबाद (oblique singular)
सादिक़ाबाद (singular vocative)

सादिक़ (sādiq, “Sadeq Mohammad Khan V”) + -आबाद (-ābād).

af

Sadiqabad (a city in Rahim Yar Khan district, Punjab, Pakistan)


सरगोधा

hi-proper noun

सरगोधा • (sargodhā) m (Urdu spelling سرگودھا)

/səɾ.ɡoː.d̪ʱɑː/

[sɐɾ.ɡoː.d̪ʱäː]

Borrowed from Punjabi ਸਰਗੋਧਾ (sargodhā) / سرگودھا (sargodhā), from ਸਰ (sar, “pond, pool”) + ਗੋਧਾ (godhā, “a Hindu fakir”) / سر (sr, “pond, pool”) + گودھا (godhā, “a Hindu ascetic”).


ख़ुशाब

hi-proper noun

ख़ुशाब • (xuśāb) m (Urdu spelling خوشاب)

xuśāb (romanization)
خوشاب (Urdu)
ख़ुशाब (direct singular)
ख़ुशाब (oblique singular)
ख़ुशाब (singular vocative)

com

ख़ुश (xuś) + आब (āb)


पाकपत्तन

hi-proper noun

पाकपत्तन • (pākpattan) m (Urdu spelling پَاکْپَتَّن)

pākpattan (romanization)
پَاکْپَتَّن (Urdu)
पाकपत्तन (direct singular)
पाकपत्तन (oblique singular)
पाकपत्तन (singular vocative)

Renaming of अजोधन (ajodhan) to पाक (pāk) + पत्तन (pattan).


नवाबशाह

नवाबशाह • (navābśāh) m (Urdu spelling نوابشاہ)

navābśāh (romanization)
نوابشاہ (Urdu)
नवाबशाह (direct singular)
नवाबशाह (oblique singular)
नवाबशाह (singular vocative)

/nə.ʋɑːb.ʃɑːɦ/

[nɐ.ʋäːb.ʃäːʱ]

Named after Syed Nawab Shah (1843–1901).

Shaheed Benazirabad
Shaheed Benazirabad#English

Nawabshah (a city in Shaheed Benazirabad district, Sindh, Pakistan)


शेख़ूपुरा

शेख़ूपुरा • (śexūpurā) m (Urdu spelling شيخوپورہ)

śexūpurā (romanization)
شيخوپورہ (Urdu)
शेख़ूपुरा (direct singular)
शेख़ूपुरे (oblique singular)
शेख़ूपुरे (singular vocative)

Renaming of सिंहपुरिया (sĩhpuriyā), कोट दयाल दास (koṭ dayāl dās) and वरिकगढ़ (varikgaṛh) to शेख़ू (śexū, “nickname of Jahangir”) + पुरा (purā).

com

Sheikhupura (a city in Punjab, Pakistan)


ताशकंद

hi-proper noun

ताशकंद • (tāśkand) m (Urdu spelling تاشقند)

tāśkand (romanization)
تاشقند (Urdu)
ताशकंद (direct singular)
ताशकंद (oblique singular)
ताशकंद (singular vocative)

[t̪äːʃ.kɐ̃n̪d̪]

Borrowed from Classical Persian تاشکند (tāškand).

bor+

Tashkent (a city, the capital city of Uzbekistan)


बीकानेर

hi-proper noun

बीकानेर • (bīkāner) m (Urdu spelling بیکانیر)

bīkāner (romanization)
بیکانیر (Urdu)
बीकानेर (direct singular)
बीकानेर (oblique singular)
बीकानेर (singular vocative)

From बीका (bīkā, “Rao Bika, founder of the city”) + -नेर (-ner, “city, town”).

af

Bikaner district
Bikaner district#English

Bikaner Division
Bikaner Division#English

Bikaner (a city in Bikaner district, Bikaner Division, Rajasthan, India)


कन्नौज

hi-proper noun

कन्नौज • (kannauj) m (Urdu spelling کنوج)

kannauj (romanization)
کنوج (Urdu)
कन्नौज (direct singular)
कन्नौज (oblique singular)
कन्नौज (singular vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ken-der.
Sanskrit कन्य (kanya)
Sanskrit कुब्ज (kubja)
Sanskrit कन्यकुब्ज (kanyakubja)
Prakrit 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚 (kaṇṇaüjja)
Hindi कन्नौज (kannauj)
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚 (kaṇṇaüjja), from Sanskrit कन्यकुब्ज (kanyakubja).

inh+

Kannauj (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


ब्रिस्बेन

hi-proper noun

ब्रिस्बेन • (brisben) ? (Urdu spelling برسبین)

Borrowed from English Brisbane, named after Sir Thomas Brisbane.

Brisbane (a city, the state capital of Queensland, Australia)


मेलबॉर्न

मेलबॉर्न • (melbŏrn) ? (Urdu spelling ملبورن)

Borrowed from English Melbourne, named after William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, from the Old English Mileburne, from Old English mylen (“mill”) + burne (“stream”)).

Melbourne (a city, the state capital of Victoria, Australia)

William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
hi:मेलबॉर्न


एडिलेड

एडिलेड • (eḍileḍ) ? (Urdu spelling ایڈیلیڈ)

Borrowed from English Adelaide, named after Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.

Adelaide (a city, the state capital of South Australia, Australia)


गोल्ड कोस्ट

गोल्ड कोस्ट • (golḍ kosṭ) ? (Urdu spelling گولڈ کوسٹ)

golḍ kosṭ (romanization)
گولڈ کوسٹ (Urdu)

Gold Coast (a city in Queensland, Australia)

hi:गोल्ड कोस्ट, क्वींसलैंड


बेलफ़ास्ट

बेलफ़ास्ट • (belfāsṭ) ? (Urdu spelling بیلفاسٹ)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Belfast (a city, the capital of Northern Ireland)


केपटाउन

केपटाउन • (kepṭāun) ? (Urdu spelling کیپ ٹاؤن)

Cape Town (a city, the legislative capital of South Africa)


कार्डिफ़

कार्डिफ़ • (kārḍif) ? (Urdu spelling کارڈف)

Borrowed from English Cardiff, from Welsh caer (“fort”) + Taf (“(River) Taff”).

Cardiff (a city and county, the capital and largest city of Wales)


प्रिटोरिया

प्रिटोरिया • (priṭoriyā) ? (Urdu spelling پریٹوریا)

priṭoriyā (romanization)
پریٹوریا (Urdu)

/pɾɪ.ʈoː.ɾɪ.jɑː/

Borrowed from English Pretoria, named after Andries Pretorius.

Pretoria (the administrative capital of South Africa)


डबलिन

Borrowed from English Dublin, from Old Irish dub (“black”) + linn (“pond”).

Dublin (a city, the capital city of Ireland)


ऑकलैंड

ऑकलैंड • (ŏklaiṇḍ) ? (Urdu spelling آکلینڈ)


ऑक्सफ़ोर्ड

ऑक्सफ़ोर्ड • (ŏksforḍ) m (Urdu spelling اوکسفرڈ)

ŏksforḍ (romanization)
اوکسفرڈ (Urdu)
ऑक्सफ़ोर्ड (direct singular)
ऑक्सफ़ोर्ड (oblique singular)
ऑक्सफ़ोर्ड (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//ऑक्स्फ़ोर्ड<M.sg>

hi:ऑक्सफ़ोर्ड


पर्थ

parth (romanization)
پرتھ (Urdu)
पर्थ (direct singular)
पर्थ (oblique singular)
पर्थ (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Perth, from Scottish Gaelic frìth (“forest, copse”).

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Perth (a city, the state capital of Western Australia, Australia)


साउथहैंपटन

hi-proper noun

साउथहैंपटन • (sāuthhaimpṭan) m (Urdu spelling ساؤتھمپٹن)

sāuthhaimpṭan (romanization)
ساؤتھمپٹن (Urdu)
साउथहैंपटन (direct singular)
साउथहैंपटन (oblique singular)
साउथहैंपटन (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//साउथहैम्प्टन<M.sg>

/sɑː.ʊt̪ʰ.ɦɛːmp.ʈən/

[säː.ʊt̪ʰ.ɦɛ̃ːmp.ʈɐ̃n]

hi:साउथहैंपटन

Southampton (a city in Hampshire, England)


क्राइस्टचर्च

hi-proper noun

क्राइस्टचर्च • (krāisṭcarc) ? (Urdu spelling کرائسٹ چرچ)

krāisṭcarc (romanization)
کرائسٹ چرچ (Urdu)

/kɾɑː.ɪsʈ.t͡ʃəɾt͡ʃ/

[kɾäː.ɪsʈ.t͡ʃɐɾt͡ʃ]

Borrowed from English Christchurch, from Christ + church.

hi:क्राइस्टचर्च

Christchurch (a city in Canterbury, New Zealand)


लिवरपूल

लिवरपूल • (livarpūl) m (Urdu spelling لیورپول)

livarpūl (romanization)
لیورپول (Urdu)
लिवरपूल (direct singular)
लिवरपूल (oblique singular)
लिवरपूल (singular vocative)

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)


ग्लासगो

ग्लासगो • (glāsgo) ? (Urdu spelling گلاسگو)

Borrowed from English Glasgow, from Proto-Brythonic *glas cu (“green hollow”).

der

Glasgow (a major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland)


कैलगरी

hi-proper noun

कैलगरी • (kailgarī) ? (Urdu spelling کیلگری)

Borrowed from English Calgary, from Scottish Gaelic cala ghearraidh.

Calgary (the largest city in Alberta, Canada)


विनिपेग

विनिपेग • (vinipeg) ? (Urdu spelling ونی پیگ)

Winnipeg (the capital city of Manitoba, Canada)


वैंकूवर

वैंकूवर • (va͠ikūvar) ? (Urdu spelling وینکوور)

/ʋɛ̃ː.kuː.ʋəɾ/

[ʋɛ̃ː.kuː.ʋɐɾ]

Borrowed from English Vancouver, named after George Vancouver.

Vancouver (a seaport, the largest city in British Columbia, Canada)

Vancouver (a city, the county seat of Clark County, Washington, United States)


मिसिसॉगा

मिसिसॉगा • (misisŏgā) ?

Borrowed from English Mississauga, from French Mississague, from Ojibwe misizaagii (“inhabitant of large river mouth”).

der

Mississauga (a city in Peel, Ontario, Canada)


होबार्ट

hi-proper noun

होबार्ट • (hobārṭ) ? (Urdu spelling ہوبارٹ)

Borrowed from English Hobart, named after Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire.

Hobart (a city, the state capital of Tasmania, Australia)


ब्रैंपटन

ब्रैंपटन • (braimpṭan) ? (Urdu spelling برامپٹن)

[bɾɛ̃ːmp.ʈɐ̃n]

Brampton (a city in Peel, Ontario, Canada)


डार्विन

डार्विन • (ḍārvin) ? (Urdu spelling ڈارون)

hi:चार्ल्स डार्विन
hi:डार्विन, नॉर्थर्न टेरिटरी

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

Darwin (a city, the capital of the Northern Territory, Australia)


सरी

Borrowed from English Surrey, from Old English Sūþrigē, Sūþrigēa (“southern region”), from sūþerne (“southern”) + gē (“district, region”).

compound

Surrey (a city in Lower Mainland, British Columbia, Canada)


तिरूपुर

hi-proper noun

तिरूपुर • (tirūpur) m (Urdu spelling تیروپور)

tirūpur (romanization)
تیروپور (Urdu)
तिरूपुर (direct singular)
तिरूपुर (oblique singular)
तिरूपुर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Tamil திருப்பூர் (tiruppūr).

bor+

Tiruppur, Tirupur (a city in Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu, India)


तिरुचिरापल्ली

hi-proper noun

तिरुचिरापल्ली • (tirucirāpallī) ? (Urdu spelling تروچراپلی)

tirucirāpallī (romanization)
تروچراپلی (Urdu)

Borrowed from Tamil திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி (tiruccirāppaḷḷi).

bor+

திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி

hi:तिरुचिरापल्ली

Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchi, Trichinopoly (a city in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India)


उरुमची

hi-proper noun

उरुमची • (urumcī) m

urumcī (romanization)
उरुमची (direct singular)
उरुमची (oblique singular)
उरुमची (singular vocative)

[ʊ.ɾʊ̃m.t͡ʃiː]

Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of Xinjiang, China)


माले

माले • (māle) ?

Malé (a city, the capital city of the Maldives)


रामल्लाह

रामल्लाह • (rāmallāh) m (Urdu spelling رام اللہ)

rāmallāh (romanization)
رام اللہ (Urdu)
रामल्लाह (direct singular)
रामल्लाह (oblique singular)
रामल्लाह (singular vocative)

/ɾɑː.məl.lɑːɦ/

[ɾäː.mɐl.läːʱ]

Borrowed from Arabic رَام اَللّٰه (rām allāh).

bor+

رَام اَللّٰه


प्योंगचांग

hi-proper noun

प्योंगचांग • (pyoṅgcāṅg) ?

/pjoːŋɡ.t͡ʃɑːŋɡ/

[pjõːŋɡ.t͡ʃä̃ːŋɡ]

Pyeongchang (a city and county of Gangwon Province, South Korea)

hi:प्योंगचांग काउण्टी


ओसाका

ओसाका • (osākā) ? (Urdu spelling اوساکا)

Borrowed from Japanese 大阪 (Ōsaka, “large hill”).

bor+

Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


प्योंगयांग

hi-proper noun

प्योंगयांग • (pyoṅgyāṅg) ?

/pjoːŋ.ɡjɑːŋɡ/

[pjõːŋ.ɡjä̃ːŋɡ]

Borrowed from English Pyongyang, from Korean 평양 (pyeong'yang, “flat land”).

Pyongyang (a city, the capital city of North Korea)

hi:प्योंगयांग


इंचियोन

इंचियोन • (iñciyon) m (Urdu spelling انچیون)

iñciyon (romanization)
انچیون (Urdu)
इंचियोन (direct singular)
इंचियोन (oblique singular)
इंचियोन (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Incheon, from Korean 인천 (incheon).


जलालाबाद

जलालाबाद • (jalālābād) m (Urdu spelling جلال آباد)

jalālābād (romanization)
جلال آباد (Urdu)
जलालाबाद (direct singular)
जलालाबाद (oblique singular)
जलालाबाद (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒə.lɑːl.ɑː.bɑːd̪/

[d͡ʒɐ.läːl.äː.bäːd̪]

Borrowed from Classical Persian جلالآباد (jalāl-ābād). By surface analysis, जलाल (jalāl, “son of Pir Roshan”) + -आबाद (-ābād).

surf

Jalalabad (a city, the provincial capital of Nangarhar, Afghanistan)


अबू धाबी

hi-proper noun

अबू धाबी • (abū dhābī) m (Urdu spelling ابو ظبی)

abū dhābī (romanization)
ابو ظبی (Urdu)
अबू धाबी (direct singular)
अबू धाबी (oblique singular)
अबू धाबी (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Abu Dhabi, from Arabic أَبُو ظَبِي (ʔabū ẓabī).

der

Arabic أَبُو ظَبِي (ʔabū ẓabī)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


बुसान

hi-proper noun

बुसान • (busān) ?

Borrowed from English Busan, from Korean 부산(釜山) (Busan). Cognate with Assamese বুচান (busan), Bengali বুসান (buśan)


अलीगढ़

अलीगढ़ • (alīgaṛh) m (Urdu spelling علی گڑھ)

alīgaṛh (romanization)
علی گڑھ (Urdu)
अलीगढ़ (direct singular)
अलीगढ़ (oblique singular)
अलीगढ़ (singular vocative)

/ə.liː.ɡəɽʱ/

[ɐ.liː.ɡɐɽʱ]

From अली (alī, “Mughal governor Najaf Ali Khan”) + -गढ़ (-gaṛh, “fort, stronghold”). In pre-Mughal times it was known as कोइल (koil).

af

Aligarh, Allygurh, Koil (a city, the administrative center of Aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


मथुरा

hi-proper noun

मथुरा • (mathurā) m (Urdu spelling متھرا)

mathurā (romanization)
متھرا (Urdu)
मथुरा (direct singular)
मथुरे (oblique singular)
मथुरे (singular vocative)

/mə.t̪ʰʊ.ɾɑː/

[mɐ.t̪ʰʊ.ɾäː]

Mathura, Muttra (a city, the administrative center of Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


सोची

Sochi (a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia)


बाकू

Borrowed from English Baku, from Russian Баку́ (Bakú), from Azerbaijani Bakı.

Baku (a city, the capital city of Azerbaijan)


दुबई

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


इस्तांबुल

इस्तांबुल • (istāmbul) m (Urdu spelling استنبول)

istāmbul (romanization)
استنبول (Urdu)
इस्तांबुल (direct singular)
इस्तांबुल (oblique singular)
इस्तांबुल (singular vocative)

hi:इस्तांबुल


शारजाह

शारजाह • (śārjāh) ? (Urdu spelling شارجہ)

/ʃɑːɾ.d͡ʒɑːɦ/

[ʃäːɾ.d͡ʒäːʱ]

Borrowed from Gulf Arabic الشارجة (aš-šārja), probably with influence from Persian شارجه (šârje). Compare Arabic اَلشَّارِقَة (aš-šāriqa).

cog

اَلشَّارِقَة

Arabic اَلشَّارِقَة (aš-šāriqa)

hi:शारजाह (अमीरात)
hi:शारजाह (नगर)

Sharjah (the capital city of Sharjah emirate, United Arab Emirates)


व्लादिवोस्तोक

hi-proper noun

व्लादिवोस्तोक • (vlādivostok) ? (Urdu spelling ولادی وستوک)

vlādivostok (romanization)
ولادی وستوک (Urdu)

Borrowed from Russian Владивосто́к (Vladivostók).

bor+

Владивосто́к

Vladivostok (a city, the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia)

hi:व्लादिवोस्तोक


रियाद

Ultimately from Arabic اَلرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ).

Riyadh (a city, the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


ऊफ़ा

ūfā (romanization)
اوفا (Urdu)
ऊफ़ा (direct singular)
ऊफ़े (oblique singular)
ऊफ़े (singular vocative)

Ufa (the capital and largest city of Bashkortostan, Russia)


बग़दाद

hi-proper noun

बग़दाद • (baġdād) m (Urdu spelling بغداد)

baġdād (romanization)
بغداد (Urdu)
बग़दाद (direct singular)
बग़दाद (oblique singular)
बग़दाद (singular vocative)

/bəɣ.d̪ɑːd̪/

[bɐɣ.d̪äːd̪]

/bəɡ.d̪ɑːd̪/

[bɐɡ.d̪äːd̪]

Borrowed from Classical Persian بغداد (bağdād).

bor+

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


मूसल

Borrowed from Classical Persian موصل (mawsil), from Arabic اَلْمَوْصِل (al-mawṣil).

Mosul (the capital city of the Nineveh governorate, Iraq)


उन्नाव

unnāv (romanization)
اناؤ (Urdu)
उन्नाव (direct singular)
उन्नाव (oblique singular)
उन्नाव (singular vocative)

Unnao (a city, the district headquarters of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


कठुआ

hi-proper noun

कठुआ • (kaṭhuā) ? (Urdu spelling کٹھوعہ)

Kathua (a city, the district headquarters of Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


शिलांग

शिलांग • (śilāṅg) ? (Urdu spelling شیلانگ)

Shillong (a city, the state capital of Meghalaya, India)


इंफाल

इंफाल • (imphāl) ? (Urdu spelling امفال)

Borrowed from Manipuri ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ (ʼimphaal).

Imphal (a city, the state capital of Manipur, India)


कोहिमा

कोहिमा • (kohimā) ? (Urdu spelling کوہیما)

Borrowed from English Kohima, from Angami Kewhira.

Kohima (a city, the state capital of Nagaland, India)


ईटानगर

ईटानगर • (īṭānagar) m (Urdu spelling ایٹانگر)

īṭānagar (romanization)
ایٹانگر (Urdu)
ईटानगर (direct singular)
ईटानगर (oblique singular)
ईटानगर (singular vocative)

/iː.ʈɑː.nə.ɡəɾ/

[iː.ʈäː.nɐ.ɡɐɾ]

Borrowed from Assamese ইটানগৰ (itanogor), from ইটা (ita, “brick”) + নগৰ (nogor, “city”).

com

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English

Itanagar (a city, the state capital of Arunachal Pradesh, India)


आइज़ोल

hi-proper noun

आइज़ोल • (āizol) ? (Urdu spelling آئزور)

Aizawl (a city, the state capital of Mizoram, India)


तेजपुर

तेजपुर • (tejpur) m (Urdu spelling تیزپور)

tejpur (romanization)
تیزپور (Urdu)
तेजपुर (direct singular)
तेजपुर (oblique singular)
तेजपुर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Assamese তেজপুৰ (tezopur), from তেজ (tez) + পুৰ (pur).


लीड्स

लीड्स • (līḍs) m

līḍs (romanization)
लीड्स (direct singular)
लीड्स (oblique singular)
लीड्स (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Leeds, from Old English Leodis (“a Celtic kingdom”), from Latin Lādenses, of Celtic origin.

Leeds (a large city and metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England)


सिकंदराबाद

सिकंदराबाद • (sikandarābād) m (Urdu spelling سکندر آباد)

sikandarābād (romanization)
سکندر آباد (Urdu)
सिकंदराबाद (direct singular)
सिकंदराबाद (oblique singular)
सिकंदराबाद (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//सिकंद*राबाद<M.sg>

desc

సికింద్రాబాద్

→ Telugu: సికింద్రాబాద్ (sikindrābād)

→ English: Secunderabad

[sɪ.kɐ̃n̪.d̪ɐɾ.äː.bäːd̪]

From सिकंदर (sikandar, “Sikandar Jah”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

Secunderabad (a city in Telangana, India)

Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III

hi:सिकंदराबाद


फ़ैज़ाबाद

hi-proper noun

फ़ैज़ाबाद • (faizābād) m (Urdu spelling فیض آباد)

faizābād (romanization)
فیض آباد (Urdu)
फ़ैज़ाबाद (direct singular)
फ़ैज़ाबाद (oblique singular)
फ़ैज़ाबाद (singular vocative)

/pʰɛː.d͡ʒɑː.bɑːd̪/

[pʰɛː.d͡ʒäː.bäːd̪]

From फ़ैज़ (faiz, “Muhammad Faiz Bakhsh”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

hi:फ़ैज़ाबाद

Faizabad (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


फ़र्रुख़ाबाद

hi-proper noun

फ़र्रुख़ाबाद • (farruxābād) m (Urdu spelling فرخ آباد)

farruxābād (romanization)
فرخ آباد (Urdu)
फ़र्रुख़ाबाद (direct singular)
फ़र्रुख़ाबाद (oblique singular)
फ़र्रुख़ाबाद (singular vocative)

/fəɾ.ɾʊ.xɑː.bɑːd̪/

/pʰəɾ.ɾʊ.kʰɑː.bɑːd̪/

From फ़र्रुख़ (farrux, “Farrukhsiyar”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

Farrukhabad (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


बुलंदशहर

hi-proper noun

بُلَنْد شَہَر

बुलंदशहर • (bulandśahar) m (Urdu spelling بُلَنْد شَہَر)

bulandśahar (romanization)
بُلَنْد شَہَر (Urdu)
बुलंदशहर (direct singular)
बुलंदशहर (oblique singular)
बुलंदशहर (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//बुलंद्शहर<M.sg>

[bʊ.lɐ̃n̪d̪.ʃɛ.ɦɛɾ]

Renaming of its original name, बरन (baran), to literally, “high city” due to its elevation of 195 metres on the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

Bulandshahr (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


रहीम यार ख़ान

hi-proper noun

رحیم یار خان

रहीम यार ख़ान • (rahīm yār xān) ? (Urdu spelling رحیم یار خان)

rahīm yār xān (romanization)
رحیم یار خان (Urdu)

/ɾə.ɦiːm jɑːɾ xɑːn/

[ɾɐ.ɦĩːm‿jäːɾ‿xä̃ːn]

/ɾə.ɦiːm jɑːɾ kʰɑːn/

[ɾɐ.ɦĩːm‿jäːɾ‿kʰä̃ːn]

Rahim Yar Khan (a city in Punjab, Pakistan)

Bahawalpur (princely state)
hi:रहीम यार ख़ान


मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद

मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद • (muzaffarābād) m (Urdu spelling مظفر آباد)

muzaffarābād (romanization)
مظفر آباد (Urdu)
मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद (direct singular)
मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद (oblique singular)
मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद (singular vocative)

/mʊ.d͡ʒəpʰ.pʰə.ɾɑː.bɑːd̪/

[mʊ.d͡ʒɐpʰ.pʰɐ.ɾäː.bäːd̪]

From मुज़फ़्फ़र (muzaffar, “Sultan Muzaffar Khan”) + -आबाद (-ābād).

af

Muzaffarabad (a city, the capital of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan)


जमशेदपुर

hi-proper noun

जमशेदपुर • (jamśedpur) m (Urdu spelling جمشید پور)

jamśedpur (romanization)
جمشید پور (Urdu)
जमशेदपुर (direct singular)
जमशेदपुर (oblique singular)
जमशेदपुर (singular vocative)

[d͡ʒɐ̃m.ʃeːd̪.pʊɾ]

Renaming of साकची (sākcī, “Sakchi”) to जमशेद (jamśed, “Jamsetji Tata”) + -पुर (-pur).


पठानकोट

hi-proper noun

पठानकोट • (paṭhānkoṭ) m (Urdu spelling پٹھان کوٹ)

paṭhānkoṭ (romanization)
پٹھان کوٹ (Urdu)
पठानकोट (direct singular)
पठानकोट (oblique singular)
पठानकोट (singular vocative)

[pɐ.ʈʰä̃ːn.koːʈ]

From पठानिया (paṭhāniyā, “Pathania clan”) + कोट (koṭ, “fort”).

com

Pathankot (a city in Pathankot district, Punjab, India)


दमन

daman (romanization)
दमन (direct singular)
दमन (oblique singular)
दमन (singular vocative)

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu#English

Daman (a city, the capital of Daman district, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India)


विंडसर

hi-proper noun

विंडसर • (viṇḍsar) m (Urdu spelling ونڈسر)

viṇḍsar (romanization)
ونڈسر (Urdu)
विंडसर (direct singular)
विंडसर (oblique singular)
विंडसर (singular vocative)

hi:विंड्सर, बर्कशायर

Windsor (a city in Essex, Ontario, Canada)


कैंब्रिज

कैंब्रिज • (kaimbrij) m (Urdu spelling کیمبرج)

kaimbrij (romanization)
کیمبرج (Urdu)
कैंब्रिज (direct singular)
कैंब्रिज (oblique singular)
कैंब्रिज (singular vocative)

[kɛ̃ːm.bɾɪd͡ʒ]

Cambridge (a city in England, United Kingdom)


योकोहामा

योकोहामा • (yokohāmā) ?

Borrowed from Japanese 横浜 (よこはま, Yokohama).

bor+

Yokohama (the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


ल्हासा

hi-proper noun

ल्हासा • (lhāsā) ? (Urdu spelling لہاسا or لھاسا)

lhāsā (romanization)
لہاسا (Urdu)
لھاسا (Urdu)

Borrowed from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).

Lhasa (a city, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


राजकोट

राजकोट • (rājkoṭ) m (Urdu spelling راجکوٹ)

rājkoṭ (romanization)
راجکوٹ (Urdu)
राजकोट (direct singular)
राजकोट (oblique singular)
राजकोट (singular vocative)

/ɾɑːd͡ʒ.koːʈ/

[ɾäːd͡ʒ.koːʈ]

Rajkot (a city in Rajkot district, Gujarat, India)


लुधियाना

लुधियाना • (ludhiyānā) m (Urdu spelling لدھیانہ)

ludhiyānā (romanization)
لدھیانہ (Urdu)
लुधियाना (direct singular)
लुधियाने (oblique singular)
लुधियाने (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Punjabi ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ (ludhiāṇā) / لُدِھیاݨَہ (ludhieyāṇah).

bor+

Ludhiana (a city in Ludhiana district, Punjab, India)


धनबाद

hi-proper noun

धनबाद • (dhanbād) m (Urdu spelling دھنباد)

dhanbād (romanization)
دھنباد (Urdu)
धनबाद (direct singular)
धनबाद (oblique singular)
धनबाद (singular vocative)

[d̪ʱɐ̃n.bäːd̪]

From धन (dhan, “wealth”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “city”).

af

Dhanbad (a city in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India)


पिंपरी-चिंचवड

hi-proper noun

पिंपरी-चिंचवड • (pimprī-ciñcvaḍ) ? (Urdu spelling پمپری-چنچوڑ)

pimprī-ciñcvaḍ (romanization)
پمپری-چنچوڑ (Urdu)

[pɪ̃m.pɾiː.t͡ʃɪ̃n.t͡ʃʋɐɖ]

Borrowed from Marathi पिंपरी-चिंचवड (pimprī-ciñcvaḍ).

bor+

पिंपरी-चिंचवड

Pimpri-Chinchwad (a large city in Pune district, Maharashtra, India)

hi:पिंपरी-चिंचवड


भावनगर

hi-proper noun

भावनगर • (bhāvnagar) m (Urdu spelling بھاؤ نگر)

bhāvnagar (romanization)
بھاؤ نگر (Urdu)
भावनगर (direct singular)
भावनगर (oblique singular)
भावनगर (singular vocative)

/bʱɑːʋ.nə.ɡəɾ/

[bʱäːʋ.nɐ.ɡɐɾ]

Borrowed from Gujarati ભાવનગર (bhāvnagar), named after Bhavsinhji I Ratanji.

bor+

Bhavnagar, Bhaunagar (a city in Saurashtra, Gujarat, India)


इंदौर

hi-proper noun

इंदौर • (indaur) m (Urdu spelling اِنْدَور)

indaur (romanization)
اِنْدَور (Urdu)
इंदौर (direct singular)
इंदौर (oblique singular)
इंदौर (singular vocative)

[ɪ̃n̪.d̪ɔːɾ]

Inherited from Prakrit *𑀇𑀁𑀤𑀉𑀭 (*iṃdaüra), *𑀇𑀁𑀤𑀯𑀼𑀭 (*iṃdavura), 𑀇𑀁𑀤𑀧𑀼𑀭 (iṃdapura), from Sanskrit इन्द्रपुर (indrapura). By surface analysis, इंद्र (indra, “Indra”) + -और (-aur, “city”). Cognate with Marathi इंदूर (indūr).

surf

Indore (the largest city in Madhya Pradesh, India)


साओ पाउलो

hi-proper noun

साओ पाउलो • (sāo pāulo) ? (Urdu spelling ساؤ پاؤلو)

sāo pāulo (romanization)
ساؤ پاؤلو (Urdu)

Borrowed from English São Paulo, from Portuguese São Paulo, from são (“saint”) + Paulo (“Paul”), named after Saint Paul.

São Paulo (a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil)


रोहतक

रोहतक • (rohtak) m (Urdu spelling روہتک)

Inherited from Sanskrit रोहितक-कुल (rohitaka-kula).

inh+

Rohtak, Rohtek (a city in Rohtak district, Haryana, India)


सियालकोट

hi-proper noun

सियालकोट • (siyālkoṭ) m (Urdu spelling سیالکوٹ)

siyālkoṭ (romanization)
سیالکوٹ (Urdu)
सियालकोट (direct singular)
सियालकोट (oblique singular)
सियालकोट (singular vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit शकल (śakala) + Hindi कोट (koṭ, “fort”). Compare Ancient Greek Σάγγαλα (Sángala), its name under the Indo-Greek Kingdom.

Sialkot (a city in Sialkot district, Punjab, Pakistan)


कैथल

कैथल • (kaithal) m (Urdu spelling کیتھل)

kaithal (romanization)
کیتھل (Urdu)
कैथल (direct singular)
कैथल (oblique singular)
कैथल (singular vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit कपिष्ठल (kapiṣṭhala, literally “abode of Kapi [Hanuman]”), from कपि (kapi) + स्थल (sthala).

inh+

Kaithal (a city in Kaithal district, Haryana, India)


मोनाको

hi-proper noun

मोनाको • (monāko) ? (Urdu spelling موناکو)


जोहोर बाहरू

जोहोर बाहरू • (johor bāhrū) ? (Urdu spelling جوہور باہرو)

johor bāhrū (romanization)
جوہور باہرو (Urdu)

/d͡ʒoː.ɦoːɾ bɑːɦ.ɾuː/

[d͡ʒoː.ɦoːɾ‿bäːʱ.ɾuː]

Borrowed from English Johor Bahru and Malay Johor Bahru.

Johor Bahru (a city, the state capital of Johor, Malaysia)

hi:जोहोर बाहरू


पुत्रजया

/pʊt̪.ɾᵊ.d͡ʒə.jɑː/

[pʊt̪.ɾᵊ.d͡ʒɐ.jäː]

Borrowed from Malay Putrajaya, from putra (“prince”) + jaya (“success”), ultimately from Sanskrit पुत्र (putrá)+ जय (jayá); named after the first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra. Compare Telugu పుత్రజయ (putrajaya).

Putrajaya (the administrative capital of Malaysia)


पुंडरी

पुंडरी • (puṇḍrī) m

puṇḍrī (romanization)
पुंडरी (direct singular)
पुंडरी (oblique singular)
पुंडरी (singular vocative)

पूंडरी पूंडरी#Hindi

Alternative form of पूंडरी (pūṇḍrī): Pundri (a city in Haryana, India)


पूंडरी

पूंडरी • (pūṇḍrī) m (Urdu spelling پونڈری)

pūṇḍrī (romanization)
پونڈری (Urdu)
पूंडरी (direct singular)
पूंडरी (oblique singular)
पूंडरी (singular vocative)


अनंतपुर

अनंतपुर • (anantpur) m (Urdu spelling اننتپور)

anantpur (romanization)
اننتپور (Urdu)
अनंतपुर (direct singular)
अनंतपुर (oblique singular)
अनंतपुर (singular vocative)

Anantapur (a city in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India)


चित्तूर

चित्तूर • (cittūr) ? (Urdu spelling چتور)

/t͡ʃɪt̪.t̪uːɾ/

[t͡ʃɪt̪̚.t̪uːɾ]

Chittoor (a city in Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India)


जोहानसबर्ग

जोहानसबर्ग • (johānasbarg) ? (Urdu spelling جوہانسبرگ)

johānasbarg (romanization)
جوہانسبرگ (Urdu)

/d͡ʒoː.ɦɑː.nəs.bəɾɡ/

[d͡ʒoː.ɦäː.nɐs.bɐɾɡ]


न्यूयॉर्क

न्यूयॉर्क • (nyūyŏrk) m (Urdu spelling نیو یارک)

nyūyŏrk (romanization)
نیو یارک (Urdu)
न्यूयॉर्क (direct singular)
न्यूयॉर्क (oblique singular)
न्यूयॉर्क (singular vocative)

New York City (a city in the United States)


देहली

Of uncertain origin. See दिल्ली (dillī) for further details.

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


क़ुस्तुंतुनिया

क़ुस्तुंतुनिया • (qustuntuniyā) m (Urdu spelling قسطنطنیہ)

qustuntuniyā (romanization)
قسطنطنیہ (Urdu)

क़ुस्‧तुं‧तु‧नि‧या

Borrowed from Classical Persian قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya), from Arabic الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya).

der

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

Constantinople (the former name of Istanbul, the largest city of Turkey)


अन्ताकिया

hi-proper noun

अन्ताकिया • (antākiyā) m (Urdu spelling انطاکیہ)

Borrowed from Arabic أَنْطَاكِيَة (ʔanṭākiya), from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia).

bor+

أَنْطَاكِيَة

Antakya (the capital city of Hatay Province, Turkey)


तेहरान

hi-proper noun

तेहरान • (tehrān) m (Urdu spelling تہران)

tehrān (romanization)
تہران (Urdu)
तेहरान (direct singular)
तेहरान (oblique singular)
तेहरान (singular vocative)

/t̪eːɦ.ɾɑːn/

[t̪eːʱ.ɾä̃ːn]

Borrowed from Iranian Persian تِهْرَان (tehrân).


बहराइच

hi-proper noun

बहराइच • (bahrāic) m (Urdu spelling بہرائچ)

bahrāic (romanization)
بہرائچ (Urdu)
बहराइच (direct singular)
बहराइच (oblique singular)
बहराइच (singular vocative)

/bəɦ.ɾɑː.ɪt͡ʃ/

[bɛʱ.ɾäː.ɪt͡ʃ]

Perhaps from बहर (bahar, “the sea; large body of water”), from Arabic.

Bahraich (a city in Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


मुज़फ़्फ़रपुर

मुज़फ़्फ़रपुर • (muzaffarpur) m (Urdu spelling مظفرپر)

muzaffarpur (romanization)
مظفرپر (Urdu)
मुज़फ़्फ़रपुर (direct singular)
मुज़फ़्फ़रपुर (oblique singular)
मुज़फ़्फ़रपुर (singular vocative)

/mʊ.d͡ʒəpʰ.pʰəɾ.pʊɾ/

[mʊ.d͡ʒɐpʰ.pʰɐɾ.pʊɾ]

From मुज़फ़्फ़र (muzaffar, “Muzaffar Khan”) + -पुर (-pur, “city”).

af

hi:मुज़फ़्फ़रपुर

Muzaffarpur (a city in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India)


कीव

kīv (romanization)
कीव (direct singular)
कीव (oblique singular)
कीव (singular vocative)


हिरोशिमा

hi-proper noun

हिरोशिमा • (hirośimā) ?

/ɦɪ.ɾoː.ʃɪ.mɑː/

[ɦɪ.ɾoː.ʃɪ.mäː]

Hiroshima (the capital city of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


नागासाकी

नागासाकी • (nāgāsākī) ? (Urdu spelling ناگاساکی)

Nagasaki (the capital city of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


कोलंबो

कोलंबो • (kolambo) m (Urdu spelling کولمبو)

kolambo (romanization)
کولمبو (Urdu)
कोलंबो (direct singular)
कोलंबो (oblique singular)
कोलंबो (singular vocative)


थिम्फू

थिम्फू • (thimphū) m (Urdu spelling تھمپھو)

thimphū (romanization)
تھمپھو (Urdu)
थिम्फू (direct singular)
थिम्फू (oblique singular)
थिम्फू (singular vocative)


मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़

मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़

مَزَارِ شَرِیف

मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़ • (mazār-e-śarīf) m (Urdu spelling مَزَارِ شَرِیف)

mazār-e-śarīf (romanization)
مَزَارِ شَرِیف (Urdu)
मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़ (direct singular)
मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़ (oblique singular)
मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़ (singular vocative)

/mə.d͡ʒɑː.ɾeː.ʃə.ɾiːpʰ/

[mɐ.d͡ʒäː.ɾeː.ʃɐ.ɾiːpʰ]

म‧ज़ार‧ए‧श‧रीफ़

Borrowed from Classical Persian مزار شریف (mazār-i šarīf). By surface analysis, मज़ार (mazār) + ए (e) + शरीफ़ (śarīf).

surf

Mazar-i-Sharif (a city, the provincial capital of Balkh, Afghanistan)

hi:मज़ार-ए-शरीफ़


गुड़गाँव

hi-proper noun

गुड़गाँव • (guṛgā̃v) m (Urdu spelling گڑگاؤں)

Compound of गुड़ (guṛ) + गाँव (gā̃v, “village”). Based on Guḍapura, an ancient settlement often identified with this city.


कोलम्बिया

hi-proper noun

कोलम्बिया • (kolambiyā) m (Urdu spelling کولمبیا)

kolambiyā (romanization)
کولمبیا (Urdu)
कोलम्बिया (direct singular)
कोलम्बिया (oblique singular)
कोलम्बिया (singular vocative)

census-designated places
census-designated place

Columbia (numerous cities, towns, unincorporated communities and census-designated places in the United States)


प्रयागराज

hi-prop

प्रयागराज • (prayāgrāj) m

prayāgrāj (romanization)
प्रयागराज (direct singular)
प्रयागराज (oblique singular)
प्रयागराज (singular vocative)

/pɾə.jɑːɡ.ɾɑːd͡ʒ/

[pɾɐ.jäːɡ.ɾäːd͡ʒ]

Prayagraj (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


कुरुक्षेत्र

कुरुक्षेत्र • (kurukṣetra) m

kurukṣetra (romanization)
कुरुक्षेत्र (direct singular)
कुरुक्षेत्र (oblique singular)
कुरुक्षेत्र (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुरुक्षेत्र (kurukṣetra).

bor+

A city, an admininstrative headquarters in Kurukshetra district, Haryana, India, famous for the Kurukshetra War


म्यूनिख

hi-proper noun

म्यूनिख • (myūnikh) ?

Borrowed from English Munich. Compare Bengali মিউনিখ (miunikh).

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany).


गुरदासपुर

गुरदासपुर • (gurdāspur) m (Urdu spelling گورداسپور)

gurdāspur (romanization)
گورداسپور (Urdu)
गुरदासपुर (direct singular)
गुरदासपुर (oblique singular)
गुरदासपुर (singular vocative)

/ɡʊɾ.d̪ɑːs.pʊɾ/

[ɡʊɾ.d̪äːs.pʊɾ]

Gurdaspur (a city and administrative headquarters of Gurdaspur District in the Indian state of Punjab).


बेलीज़

बेलीज़ • (belīz) m (Urdu spelling بیلیز)

belīz (romanization)
بیلیز (Urdu)
बेलीज़ (direct singular)
बेलीज़ (oblique singular)
बेलीज़ (singular vocative)

Belize City (the largest city in Belize)


चितकान

चितकान • (citkān) m (Urdu spelling چتکان)

[t͡ʃɪt̪.kä̃ːn]

Chitkan (a city in Panjgur district, Balochistan, Pakistan)


एडमंटन

एडमंटन • (eḍmaṇṭan) ?

[eːɖ.mɐ̃ɳ.ʈɐ̃n]

Edmonton (a city, the provincial capital of Alberta, Canada)


बंगलौर

[bɐ̃ŋ.ɡlɔːɾ]

Bangalore, Bengaluru (a megacity, the state capital of Karnataka, India)


नागोया

नागोया • (nāgoyā) ?


शिकागो

शिकागो • (śikāgo) ? (Urdu spelling شکاگو)

/ʃɪ.kɑː.ɡoː/

[ʃɪ.käː.ɡoː]

Etymology tree
French Chécagoubor.
English Chicagobor.
Hindi शिकागो (śikāgo)
Borrowed from English Chicago.

etymon

Chicago (a city in Illinois, United States)


बैरूत

hi-proper noun

बैरूत • (bairūt) m (Urdu spelling بَیرُوت)


वैशाली

वैशाली • (vaiśālī) f (Urdu spelling ویشالی)

vaiśālī (romanization)
ویشالی (Urdu)
वैशाली (direct singular)
वैशाली (oblique singular)
वैशाली (singular vocative)

/ʋɛː.ʃɑː.liː/

[ʋɛː.ʃäː.liː]

(historical) Vaishali (a city in Bihar, India)


चमन

Chaman (a city in Qilla Abdullah district, Balochistan, Pakistan)


हेलसिंकी

हेलसिंकी • (helsiṅkī) m (Urdu spelling ہلسنکی)


कंधार

Ultimately from Classical Persian قَنْدَهَار (qandahār) or Pashto کندهار (kandahār). Possible Doublet of सिकंदर (sikandar), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros); or possible doublet of the Indo-Aryan historic name गांधार (gāndhār) / गंधार (gandhār), from Sanskrit गान्धार (gāndhāra) / गन्धार (gandhāra).

/kən.d̪ʱɑːɾ/

[kɐ̃n̪.d̪ʱäːɾ]


मेदिनीनगर

Named after Medini Ray of the Chero Dynasty.

Medininagar (a city in Jharkhand, India)


धाराशिव

धाराशिव • (dhārāśiv) ? (Urdu spelling عثمان آباد)

dhārāśiv (romanization)
عثمان آباد (Urdu)

/d̪ʱɑː.ɾɑː.ʃɪʋ/

[d̪ʱäː.ɾäː.ʃɪʋ]

Dharashiv (a city in Maharashtra, India)


मंडी

→ English: Mandi

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

Mandi (a city in Himachal Pradesh, India)


इसकंदरिया

इसकंदरिया • (iskandriyā) f (Urdu spelling اسکندریہ)

iskandriyā (romanization)
اسکندریہ (Urdu)

Borrowed from Arabic الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (al-ʔiskandariyya).

bor

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة


प्रयाग

hi-prop

प्रयाग • (prayāg) m

prayāg (romanization)
प्रयाग (direct singular)
प्रयाग (oblique singular)
प्रयाग (singular vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रयज्ञ (prayajña).


सोनारगाँव

hi-proper noun

सोनारगाँव • (sonārgā̃v) ?

/soː.nɑːɾ.ɡɑ̃ːʋ/

[soː.näːɾ.ɡä̃ːʋ]

/soː.nɑːɾ.ɡɑ̃ː.oː/

[soː.näːɾ.ɡä̃ː.oː]

/ʃoː.nɑːɾ.ɡɑ̃ːʋ/

[ʃoː.näːɾ.ɡä̃ːʋ]

/ʃoː.nɑːɾ.ɡɑ̃ː.oː/

[ʃoː.näːɾ.ɡä̃ː.oː]

Borrowed from Bengali সোনারগাঁও (śōnargãō), Which is from সোনা (śōna, “gold”) + -র (-r, “of”) + গাঁও (gãō, “village”). Unrelated to सोनार (sonār, “goldsmith”).


गोरखपुर

gorakhpur (romanization)
गोरखपुर (direct singular)
गोरखपुर (oblique singular)
गोरखपुर (singular vocative)

/ɡoː.ɾəkʰ.pʊɾ/

[ɡoː.ɾɐkʰ.pʊɾ]

From गोरख (gorakh, “protector of cows; Gorakhnath”) + -पुर (-pur, “city”).

af

Gorakhpur (a city in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


सहारनपुर

sahāranpur (romanization)
सहारनपुर (direct singular)
सहारनपुर (oblique singular)
सहारनपुर (singular vocative)

/sə.ɦɑː.ɾən.pʊɾ/

[sɐ.ɦäː.ɾɐ̃n.pʊɾ]

Claimed to be from शाह हरून (śāh harūn, “Shah Haroon Chishti”) + -पुर (-pur, “city”).

Saharanpur (a city in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


फ़िरोज़ाबाद

hi-proper noun

फ़िरोज़ाबाद • (firozābād) m

firozābād (romanization)
फ़िरोज़ाबाद (direct singular)
फ़िरोज़ाबाद (oblique singular)
फ़िरोज़ाबाद (singular vocative)

/pʰɪ.ɾoː.d͡ʒɑː.bɑːd̪/

[pʰɪ.ɾoː.d͡ʒäː.bäːd̪]

From फ़िरोज़ (firoz, “Firoz Shah Mansabdar”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “settlement”)

af

hi:फ़िरोज़ाबाद

Firozabad (a city in Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर

muzaffarangar (romanization)
मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर (direct singular)
मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर (oblique singular)
मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर (singular vocative)

/mʊ.d͡ʒəpʰ.pʰə.ɾən.ɡəɾ/

[mʊ.d͡ʒɐpʰ.pʰɐ.ɾɐ̃n.ɡɐɾ]

From मुज़फ़्फ़र (muzaffar, “Sayyid Muzaffar Khan Barha”) + -नगर (-nagar, “city”).

hi:मुज़फ़्फ़रनगर

Muzaffarnagar (a city in Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


उज्जैन

hi-proper noun

उज्जैन • (ujjain) m (Urdu spelling اُوجَّین)

ujjain (romanization)
اُوجَّین (Urdu)
उज्जैन (direct singular)
उज्जैन (oblique singular)
उज्जैन (singular vocative)

/ʊd̪.d͡ʒɛːn/

[ʊd̚.d͡ʒɛ̃ːn]

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀇𑀡𑀻 (ujjaïṇī), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀉𑀚𑁂𑀦𑀺 (ujeni /ujjeni/), from Sanskrit उज्जयिनी (ujjayinī), from उज्जि (ujji, “to win, conquer”), from उद्- (ud-, “over”) + जि (ji, “to win”).

inh+

Ujjain (a city in Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh, India)


नागौर

hi-proper noun

नागौर • (nāgaur) m (Urdu spelling اِنْدَور)

nāgaur (romanization)
اِنْدَور (Urdu)
नागौर (direct singular)
नागौर (oblique singular)
नागौर (singular vocative)

Probably inherited from Sanskrit नागपुर (nāgapura), from नाग (nāga, “snake”) + पुर (pura, “city”), named for the local Nagavanshi Kshatriyas. By surface analysis, नाग (nāg) + -और (-aur).

surf

Nagaur, Nagore (a city in Nagaur district, Rajasthan, India)


वांकानेर

hi-proper noun

वांकानेर • (vāṅkāner) m

vāṅkāner (romanization)
वांकानेर (direct singular)
वांकानेर (oblique singular)
वांकानेर (singular vocative)

/ʋɑːŋ.kɑː.neːɾ/

[ʋä̃ːŋ.käː.neːɾ]

Borrowed from Gujarati વાંકાનેર (vā̃kāner).

bor+

Wankaner (a city in Wankaner tehsil, Morbi district, Gujarat, India)