मध्य प्रदेश

hi-proper noun

मध्य प्रदेश • (madhya pradeś) m (Urdu spelling مدھیہ پردیش)

madhya pradeś (romanization)
مدھیہ پردیش (Urdu)
मध्य प्रदेश (direct singular)
मध्य प्रदेश (oblique singular)
मध्य प्रदेश (singular vocative)

Sanskritic formation from मध्य (madhya, “middle, central”) + प्रदेश (pradeś, “state, region”).

sa-af

Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh#English:_Q1188

Madhya Pradesh (a state in central India)

hi:मध्य प्रदेश


कोलकाता

hi-proper noun

कोलकाता • (kolkātā) m (Urdu spelling کلکتہ)

kolkātā (romanization)
کلکتہ (Urdu)
कोलकाता (direct singular)
कोलकाता (oblique singular)
कोलकाता (singular vocative)

Kolkata (the capital city of West Bengal, India)


महाराष्ट्र

hi-prop

महाराष्ट्र • (mahārāṣṭra) m (Urdu spelling مَہاراشْٹَر)

mahārāṣṭra (romanization)
مَہاراشْٹَر (Urdu)
महाराष्ट्र (direct singular)
महाराष्ट्र (oblique singular)
महाराष्ट्र (singular vocative)

desc

މަހާރާޝްތުރާ

→? Dhivehi: މަހާރާޝްތުރާ (mahārāšturā)

→? Thai: มหาราษฏระ (má-hǎa-râat-sà-dtà-rá)

/mə.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾᵊ/

[mɐ.ɦäː.ɾäːʂ.ʈɾᵊ]

म‧हा‧रा‧ष्ट्र

Borrowed from Sanskrit महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra). By surface analysis, महा- (mahā-, “great, large”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra, “state, nation”). Doublet of मराठा (marāṭhā).
More information
Geographically and structurally compare सौराष्ट्र (saurāṣṭra, “region in Gujarat”).


आसाम

āsām (romanization)
آسام (Urdu)
आसाम (direct singular)
आसाम (oblique singular)
आसाम (singular vocative)
असम (alternative)

Borrowed from English Assam, from Assamese অসম (oxom).


पॉंडिचेरी

hi-proper noun

पॉंडिचेरी • (pŏṇḍicerī) ? (Urdu spelling پونڈیچری)

pŏṇḍicerī (romanization)
پونڈیچری (Urdu)

/pɔɳ.ɖɪ.t͡ʃeː.ɾiː/

[pɔ̃ɳ.ɖɪ.t͡ʃeː.ɾiː]

दादर और नगर हवेली एवं दमन और दीव

dādar aur nagar havelī evã daman aur dīv

Puducherry (a union territory in southern India, consisting of four geographically separated exclaves of former French India, namely its capital, Karaikal, Yanam, and Mahe)

Puducherry, Pondicherry (the capital city of the union territory of Puducherry, India)


कर्नाटक

कर्नाटक • (karnāṭak) m (Urdu spelling کرناٹک)

karnāṭak (romanization)
کرناٹک (Urdu)
कर्नाटक (direct singular)
कर्नाटक (oblique singular)
कर्नाटक (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Kannada ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ (karnāṭaka).


लैटियम

(historical) Latium (a historical region of central Italy, in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire)


भारत

bhārat (romanization)
بھارت (Urdu)
भारत (direct singular)
भारत (oblique singular)
भारत (singular vocative)

→ English: Bharat

→ Esperanto: Barato

→ Portuguese: Bharat

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit भारत (bhārata).


अज़रबैजान

hi-proper noun

अज़रबैजान • (azarbaijān) m (Urdu spelling اذربیجان)

azarbaijān (romanization)
اذربیجان (Urdu)
अज़रबैजान (direct singular)
अज़रबैजान (oblique singular)
अज़रबैजान (singular vocative)

/ə.zəɾ.bɛː.d͡ʒɑːn/

[ɐ.zɐɾ.bɛː.d͡ʒä̃ːn]

/ə.d͡ʒəɾ.bɛː.d͡ʒɑːn/

[ɐ.d͡ʒɐɾ.bɛː.d͡ʒä̃ːn]

आज़र्बैजान आज़र्बैजान#Hindi

Alternative form of आज़र्बैजान (āzarbaijān): Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)


रोम

Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)


कृष्ण

kŕṣṇa (romanization)
کرشن (Urdu)
कृष्ण (direct singular)
कृष्ण (direct plural)
कृष्ण (oblique singular)
कृष्णों (oblique plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa). Doublet of कान्हा (kānhā) and किशन (kiśan).


इटली

hi-proper noun

इटली • (iṭalī or iṭlī) m (Urdu spelling اٹلی)

iṭalī (romanization)
iṭlī (romanization)
اٹلی (Urdu)
इटली (direct singular)
iṭalī (direct singular)
iṭlī (direct singular)
इटली (oblique singular)
iṭalī (oblique singular)
iṭlī (oblique singular)
इटली (singular vocative)
iṭalī (singular vocative)
iṭlī (singular vocative)


मंदिर

mandir (romanization)
مندر (Urdu)
मंदिर (direct singular)
मंदिर (direct plural)
मंदिर (oblique singular)
मंदिरों (oblique plural)
मंदिर (singular vocative)
मंदिरो (plural vocative)
मन्दिर (alternative)

→ English: mandir

[mɐ̃n̪.d̪ɪɾ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit मन्दिर (mandira).


देश

hi:देश, महाराष्ट्र

देश • (deś) m

deś (romanization)
देश (direct singular)
देश (oblique singular)
देश (singular vocative)
देस (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit देश (deśá), from दिश् (diś).

Desh, Maharashtra (a region of Maharashtra, India)


नेपाल

nepāl (romanization)
نیپال (Urdu)
नेपाल (direct singular)
नेपाल (oblique singular)
नेपाल (singular vocative)

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका

संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका • (sãyukt rājya amrīkā) m

sãyukt rājya amrīkā (romanization)
संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका (direct singular)
संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका (oblique singular)
संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका (singular vocative)

/sə̃.jʊkt̪ ɾɑːd͡ʒ.jə əm.ɾiː.kɑː/

[sɐ̃.jʊkt̪‿ɾäːd͡ʒ.jɐ‿ɐ̃m.ɾiː.käː]

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)

en-संयुक्त_राज्य_अमरीका-hi-name-6DbKFMqU


हैदराबाद

हैदराबाद • (haidrābād) m (Urdu spelling حیدر آباد)

haidrābād (romanization)
حیدر آباد (Urdu)
हैदराबाद (direct singular)
हैदराबाद (oblique singular)
हैदराबाद (singular vocative)

/ɦɛːd̪.ɾɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɦɛːd̪.ɾäː.bäːd̪]

Ultimately from हैदर (haidar, “lion; name of Ali, son-in-law of Mohammed”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”).

af

Hyderabad (the capital and largest city of Telangana, India, and de-jure capital of Andhra Pradesh)

Hyderabad State, a former state, landlocked in south-central India, from 1724 to 1948


हिन्दुस्तान

hi-proper noun

हिन्दुस्तान • (hindustān) m (Urdu spelling ہندوستان)

hindustān (romanization)
ہندوستان (Urdu)
हिन्दुस्तान (direct singular)
हिन्दुस्तान (oblique singular)
हिन्दुस्तान (singular vocative)

[ɦɪ̃n̪.d̪ʊs.t̪ä̃ːn]

हिंदुस्तान हिंदुस्तान#Hindi

Alternative spelling of हिंदुस्तान (hindustān): Hindustan; India (a country in South Asia)


दिल्ली

dillī (romanization)
دلّی (Urdu)
दिल्ली (direct singular)
दिल्ली (oblique singular)
दिल्ली (singular vocative)

Unknown. Possibly from one of the following:
* Sanskrit डिल्लि (ḍilli), डिल्ली (ḍillī).
* Inherited from Apabhramsa ढिल्ली (ḍhillī), first attested in a literary work from 1132 CE).
* A feminine form of दिल (dil, “hillock”) that changed to दिल्ली (dillī) over time.
* A corrupted form of देहली (dehlī, “Delhi”) or दहलीज़ (dahlīz, “border”).
* From धिलु (dhilu) or दिलु (dilu), the name of a former king by tradition.
* Some sources also say that the word is related to a loose pillar termed ढील (ḍhīl), which is from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀠𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (ḍhilla).
Compare Maharastri Prakrit 𑀠𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀻 (ḍhillī, “Delhi”), Old Gujarati ढीली (ḍhīlī, “Delhi”), and Old Marathi 𑘛𑘲𑘩𑘲 (ḍhīlī, “Delhi”).

ncog

भारत के प्रधान मंत्री दिल्ली प्रांत में रहते हैं।

bhārat ke pradhān mantrī dillī prānt mẽ rahte ha͠i.

The prime minister of India lives in Delhi.

दिल्लीवाला ― dillīvālā ― Delhiite

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


मक्का

makkā (romanization)
مکہ (Urdu)
मक्का (direct singular)
मक्का (oblique singular)
मक्का (singular vocative)

hi:मक्का (शहर)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مکه (makka), from Arabic مَكَّة (makka).


अमेरिका

hi-proper noun

अमेरिका • (amerikā) m (Urdu spelling امریکہ)

amerikā (romanization)
امریکہ (Urdu)
अमेरिका (direct singular)
अमेरिका (direct plural)
अमेरिका (oblique singular)
अमेरिकाओं (oblique plural)
अमेरिका (singular vocative)
अमेरिकाओ (plural vocative)

A later borrowing from English America. Doublet of अमरीका (amrīkā).

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)

अमेरिका का प्रभाव पूरी दुनिया में फैली है।

amerikā kā prabhāv pūrī duniyā mẽ phailī hai.

America's influence is felt the world over.


ताज महल

ताज महल • (tāj mahal) m (Urdu spelling تاج محل)

tāj mahal (romanization)
تاج محل (Urdu)
ताज महल (direct singular)
ताज महल (oblique singular)
ताज महल (singular vocative)

/t̪ɑːd͡ʒ mə.ɦəl/

[t̪äːd͡ʒ‿mɛ.ɦɛl]

Taj Mahal (a monument in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world)


अमरीका

अमरीका • (amrīkā) m (Urdu spelling امریکا)

amrīkā (romanization)
امریکا (Urdu)
अमरीका (direct singular)
अमरीका (oblique singular)
अमरीका (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic أَمْرِيكَا (ʔamrīkā), possibly influenced by Persian امریکا (amrikâ).

bor+

संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका
संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका#Hindi

संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमरीका
संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमरीका#Hindi

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका (sãyukt rājya amrīkā) or संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमरीका (sãyukt rāṣṭra amrīkā))


इंग्लैंड

hi-proper noun

इंग्लैंड • (iṅglaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling انگلینڈ)

iṅglaiṇḍ (romanization)
انگلینڈ (Urdu)
इंग्लैंड (direct singular)
इंग्लैंड (oblique singular)
इंग्लैंड (singular vocative)

[ɪ̃ŋ.ɡlɛ̃ːɳɖ]

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


इंडिया

इंडिया • (iṇḍiyā) m (Urdu spelling انڈیا)

iṇḍiyā (romanization)
انڈیا (Urdu)
इंडिया (direct singular)
इंडिया (oblique singular)
इंडिया (singular vocative)

[ɪ̃ɳ.ɖi.jäː]

Borrowed from English India. Doublet of हिंद (hind) and सिंध (sindh).


गुजरात

गुजरात • (gujrāt) m (Urdu spelling گجرات)

gujrāt (romanization)
گجرات (Urdu)
गुजरात (direct singular)
गुजरात (oblique singular)
गुजरात (singular vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (gujjarattā), from Sanskrit गुर्जरत्रा (gurjaratrā, “country of the Gurjaras”), from गुर्जर (gurjara, “Gurjaras”).

der

/ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾɑːt̪/

[ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾäːt̪]


गुजरात

hi:गुजरात
hi:गुजरात (शहर)

Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੁਜਰਾਤ (gujrāt) / گجرات (gjrāt), derived from the name of the Gujjars.

/ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾɑːt̪/

[ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾäːt̪]


तामिल नाडू

hi-proper noun

तामिल नाडू • (tāmil nāḍū) ?

तमिल नाडु
तमिल नाडु#Hindi

Alternative form of तमिल नाडु (tamil nāḍu): Tamil Nadu (a state in southern India)


जम्मू और कश्मीर

جموں اور کشمیر

जम्मू और कश्मीर • (jammū aur kaśmīr) m (Urdu spelling جموں اور کشمیر)

jammū aur kaśmīr (romanization)
جموں اور کشمیر (Urdu)
जम्मू और कश्मीर (direct singular)
जम्मू और कश्मीर (oblique singular)
जम्मू और कश्मीर (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒəm.muː ɔːɾ kəʃ.miːɾ/

[d͡ʒɐ̃m.muː‿ɔːɾ‿kɐʃ.miːɾ]

Compound of जम्मू (jammū) + और (aur) + कश्मीर (kaśmīr).

com+

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English:_Q66278313

Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory of India)


उड़ीसा

hi-proper noun

उड़ीसा • (uṛīsā) m (Urdu spelling اڑیسہ)

uṛīsā (romanization)
اڑیسہ (Urdu)
उड़ीसा (direct singular)
उड़ीसे (oblique singular)
उड़ीसे (singular vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit ओड्रदेश (oḍradeśa, “land of the Oḍras”).


गंगा

gaṅgā (romanization)
گنگا (Urdu)
गंगा (direct singular)
गंगा (oblique singular)
गंगा (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā).

lbor

Ganges, Ganga (a major river in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, India; a major river in Rajshahi, Dhaka, Chittagong and Barisal Divisions, Bangladesh)


मठ

maṭh (romanization)
مٹھ (Urdu)
मठ (direct singular)
मठ (direct plural)
मठ (oblique singular)
मठों (oblique plural)
मठ (singular vocative)
मठो (plural vocative)


धर्मशाला

hi-proper noun

धर्मशाला • (dharmaśālā) ?

/d̪ʱəɾm.ʃɑː.lɑː/

[d̪ʱɐɾm.ʃäː.läː]

धर्म (dharm, “religion”) + शाला (śālā, “Hindu school”).

compound

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

Dharamshala, Dharamsala (a town in Himachal Pradesh, India)


एस्टोनिया

hi-proper noun

एस्टोनिया • (esṭoniyā) m (Urdu spelling ایسٹونیا or استونیا)

esṭoniyā (romanization)
ایسٹونیا (Urdu)
استونیا (Urdu)
एस्टोनिया (direct singular)
एस्टोनिया (oblique singular)
एस्टोनिया (singular vocative)

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)

hi:एस्टोनिया


गिरजा

girjā (romanization)
گرجا (Urdu)
गिरजा (direct singular)
गिरजे (direct plural)
गिरजे (oblique singular)
गिरजों (oblique plural)
गिरजे (singular vocative)
गिरजो (plural vocative)
गिर्जा (alternative)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek)
Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō)
Ancient Greek -ία (-ía)
Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía)bor.
Latin ecclēsiaslbor.
Old Galician-Portuguese igreja
Portuguese igrejabor.
Hindi गिरजा (girjā)
Borrowed from Portuguese igreja, from Latin ecclēsia. Doublet of कलीसिया (kalīsiyā). Cognate with Bengali গির্জা (girja), Bodo (India) गिरजा (girja), Gujarati ગિરજા (girjā), Konkani इगर्जे (igarje).


इराक़

irāq (romanization)
عراق (Urdu)
इराक़ (direct singular)
इराक़ (oblique singular)
इराक़ (singular vocative)
इराक (alternative)
ईराक़ (alternative)
ईराक (alternative)

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


पगोडा

hi-noun

पगोडा • (pagoḍā) m (Urdu spelling پگوڈا)

/pə.ɡoː.ɖɑː/

[pɐ.ɡoː.ɖäː]

Borrowed from English pagoda, from Portuguese pagode, which is via Malayalam പകോതി (pakōti), from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, name of a goddess).

der

(historical) pagoda (a gold coin issued by various dynasties in southern India)


बुत-ख़ाना

hi-noun

बुत-ख़ाना • (but-xānā) m (Urdu spelling بت خانہ)

बुत -ख़ाना (canonical)
but-xānā (romanization)
بت خانہ (Urdu)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بتخانه (but-xāna), from بت (but, “idol”) + خانه (xāna, “house”).


आयरलैंड

hi-proper noun

आयरलैंड • (āyarlaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling آئرلینڈ)

āyarlaiṇḍ (romanization)
آئرلینڈ (Urdu)
आयरलैंड (direct singular)
आयरलैंड (oblique singular)
आयरलैंड (singular vocative)

/ɑː.jəɾ.lɛːɳɖ/

[äː.jɐɾ.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]

Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)


ईरान

īrān (romanization)
ایران (Urdu)
ईरान (direct singular)
ईरान (oblique singular)
ईरान (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِیرَان (īrān).

bor+

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


सिक्किम

hi-proper noun

सिक्किम • (sikkim) ? (Urdu spelling سکم)

(historical) Sikkim (a former country in South Asia that existed from the 17th century until its annexation by India in 1975)


बांग्लादेश

बांग्लादेश • (bāṅglādeś) m (Urdu spelling بنگلہ دیش)

bāṅglādeś (romanization)
بنگلہ دیش (Urdu)
बांग्लादेश (direct singular)
बांग्लादेश (oblique singular)
बांग्लादेश (singular vocative)

/bɑːŋ.ɡlɑː.d̪eːʃ/

[bä̃ːŋ.ɡläː.d̪eːʃ]

बांग्ला (bāṅglā) + देश (deś)

compound

बांग्ला (bāṅglā) + देश (deś)

hi:बांग्लादेश


जापान

jāpān (romanization)
جاپان (Urdu)
जापान (direct singular)
जापान (oblique singular)
जापान (singular vocative)

→ Dhivehi: ޖާފާނު (jāfānu)

/d͡ʒɑː.pɑːn/

[d͡ʒäː.pä̃ːn]

Etymology tree
Hokkien 日本 /Ji̍t-púnbor.
Malay Jepangbor.
Portuguese Japãobor.
Malay Jepangbor.
Dutch Japanbor.
English Japanbor.
Hindi जापान (jāpān)
Borrowed from English Japan.

etymon

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


ऑस्ट्रेलिया

hi-proper noun

ऑस्ट्रेलिया • (ŏsṭreliyā) m (Urdu spelling آسٹریلیا)

ŏsṭreliyā (romanization)
آسٹریلیا (Urdu)
ऑस्ट्रेलिया (direct singular)
ऑस्ट्रेलिया (oblique singular)
ऑस्ट्रेलिया (singular vocative)

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)


चंडीगढ़

चंडीगढ़ • (caṇḍīgaṛh) m (Urdu spelling چنڈی گڑھ)

caṇḍīgaṛh (romanization)
چنڈی گڑھ (Urdu)
चंडीगढ़ (direct singular)
चंडीगढ़ (oblique singular)
चंडीगढ़ (singular vocative)

/t͡ʃəɳ.ɖiː.ɡəɽʱ/

[t͡ʃɐ̃ɳ.ɖiː.ɡɐɽʱ]

Chandigarh (a city and union territory in northern India, located between Punjab and Haryana; the capital city of Haryana and Punjab)


कनाडा

कनाडा • (kanāḍā) m (Urdu spelling کناڈا)

kanāḍā (romanization)
کناڈا (Urdu)
कनाडा (direct singular)
कनाडा (oblique singular)
कनाडा (singular vocative)
कैनैडा (alternative)

/kə.nɑː.ɖɑː/

[kɐ.näː.ɖäː]


कच्छ

kacch (romanization)
कच्छ (direct singular)
कच्छ (oblique singular)
कच्छ (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कच्छ (kaccha), perhaps related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬱𐬀 (kaša).

प्राचीन काल में कच्छ में अरब और अफ़्रीकी लोग व्यापार करने आते थे।

prācīn kāl mẽ kacch mẽ arab aur afrīkī log vyāpār karne āte the.

In ancient times Arabs and Africans used to come to Kutch to trade.

Kutch (a district of Gujarat, in western India)


श्रीलंका

श्रीलंका • (śrīlaṅkā) m (Urdu spelling سری لنکا)

śrīlaṅkā (romanization)
سری لنکا (Urdu)
श्रीलंका (direct singular)
श्रीलंके (oblique singular)
श्रीलंके (singular vocative)

/ʃɾiː.ləŋ.kɑː/

[ʃɾiː.lɐ̃ŋ.käː]

Inherited from Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).

inh+

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


इंडोनेशिया

hi-proper noun

इंडोनेशिया • (iṇḍoneśiyā) m (Urdu spelling انڈونیشیا)

iṇḍoneśiyā (romanization)
انڈونیشیا (Urdu)
इंडोनेशिया (direct singular)
इंडोनेशिया (oblique singular)
इंडोनेशिया (singular vocative)

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


केरल

केरल • (keral or kerala) m (Urdu spelling کیرلا)

keral (romanization)
kerala (romanization)
کیرلا (Urdu)
केरल (direct singular)
keral (direct singular)
kerala (direct singular)
केरल (oblique singular)
keral (oblique singular)
kerala (oblique singular)
केरल (singular vocative)
keral (singular vocative)
kerala (singular vocative)
केरलम (alternative)
केरला (alternative)

Borrowed from Malayalam കേരളം (kēraḷaṁ).


जर्मनी

जर्मनी • (jarmanī) m (Urdu spelling جرمنی)

jarmanī (romanization)
جرمنی (Urdu)
जर्मनी (direct singular)
जर्मनी (oblique singular)
जर्मनी (singular vocative)

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


मुंबई

मुंबई • (mumbaī) f (Urdu spelling مُمْبَئِی)

mumbaī (romanization)
مُمْبَئِی (Urdu)
मुंबई (direct singular)
मुंबई (oblique singular)
मुंबई (singular vocative)
मुम्बई (alternative)
बंबई (alternative)
बम्बई (alternative)

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


लिथुआनिया

लिथुआनिया • (lithuāniyā) m (Urdu spelling لتھوینیا)

lithuāniyā (romanization)
لتھوینیا (Urdu)
लिथुआनिया (direct singular)
लिथुआनिया (oblique singular)
लिथुआनिया (singular vocative)

Lithuania (a country in northeastern Europe)

hi:लिथुआनिया


इस्राइल

इस्राइल • (isrāil) m (Urdu spelling اسرائیل)

isrāil (romanization)
اسرائیل (Urdu)
इस्राइल (direct singular)
इस्राइल (oblique singular)
इस्राइल (singular vocative)
इसराइल (alternative)
इज़राइल (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْرَائِيل (ʔisrāʔīl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

der

Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


आर्मीनिया

hi-proper noun

आर्मीनिया • (ārmīniyā) m (Urdu spelling آرمینیا)

ārmīniyā (romanization)
آرمینیا (Urdu)
आर्मीनिया (direct singular)
आर्मीनिया (oblique singular)
आर्मीनिया (singular vocative)
आर्मेनिया (alternative)

Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)

hi:आर्मीनिया


आर्मेनिया

आर्मेनिया • (ārmeniyā) m (Urdu spelling آرمینیا)

ārmeniyā (romanization)
آرمینیا (Urdu)
आर्मेनिया (direct singular)
आर्मेनिया (oblique singular)
आर्मेनिया (singular vocative)

आर्मीनिया आर्मीनिया#Hindi

Alternative form of आर्मीनिया (ārmīniyā): Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


आज़र्बैजान

आज़र्बैजान • (āzarbaijān) m (Urdu spelling آذربیجان)

āzarbaijān (romanization)
آذربیجان (Urdu)
आज़र्बैजान (direct singular)
आज़र्बैजान (oblique singular)
आज़र्बैजान (singular vocative)
अज़रबैजान (alternative)
आज़रबाइजान (alternative)

/ɑː.zəɾ.bɛː.d͡ʒɑːn/

[äː.zɐɾ.bɛː.d͡ʒä̃ːn]

/ɑː.d͡ʒəɾ.bɛː.d͡ʒɑːn/

[äː.d͡ʒɐɾ.bɛː.d͡ʒä̃ːn]

Ultimately from Arabic أَذَرْبَيْجَان (ʔaḏarbayjān).

der

أَذَرْبَيْجَان

Arabic أَذَرْبَيْجَان (ʔaḏarbayjān)

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)

hi:आज़र्बैजान


जोर्जिया

hi-proper noun

जोर्जिया • (jorjiyā) m (Urdu spelling جورجیا)

jorjiyā (romanization)
جورجیا (Urdu)
जोर्जिया (direct singular)
जोर्जिया (oblique singular)
जोर्जिया (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒoːɾ.d͡ʒɪ.jɑː/

Georgia (a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


अल्बानिया

अल्बानिया • (albāniyā) m (Urdu spelling البانیا)

albāniyā (romanization)
البانیا (Urdu)
अल्बानिया (direct singular)
अल्बानिया (oblique singular)
अल्बानिया (singular vocative)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

hi:अल्बानिया


बेलारूस

बेलारूस • (belārūs) m (Urdu spelling بیلارس)

belārūs (romanization)
بیلارس (Urdu)
बेलारूस (direct singular)
बेलारूस (oblique singular)
बेलारूस (singular vocative)


बुख़ारा

बुख़ारा • (buxārā) ? (Urdu spelling بخارا)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بخارا (buxārā).


हांग कांग

hi-proper noun

हांग कांग • (hāṅg kāṅg) ?

/ɦɑːŋɡ kɑːŋɡ/

[ɦä̃ːŋɡ‿kä̃ːŋɡ]

Hong Kong (a city, island and special administrative region in southeastern China)


तिब्बत

tibbat (romanization)
تبت (Urdu)
तिब्बत (direct singular)
तिब्बत (oblique singular)
तिब्बत (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian تبت (tibbat).


चीन

cīn (romanization)
چین (Urdu)
चीन (direct singular)
चीन (oblique singular)
चीन (singular vocative)

desctree

→? Portuguese: China
→ English: China
→ Hunsrik: China

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna), possibly from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin).


पाकिस्तान

hi-proper noun

पाकिस्तान • (pākistān) m (Urdu spelling پاکستان)

pākistān (romanization)
پاکستان (Urdu)
पाकिस्तान (direct singular)
पाकिस्तान (oblique singular)
पाकिस्तान (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Urdu پاکِسْتان (pākistān).

hi:पाकिस्तान


गंगटोक

गंगटोक • (gaṅgṭok) ?

Gangtok (a city, the state capital of Sikkim, India)


आंध्र प्रदेश

آندھرا پردیش

आंध्र प्रदेश • (āndhra pradeś) m (Urdu spelling آندھرا پردیش)

āndhra pradeś (romanization)
آندھرا پردیش (Urdu)
आंध्र प्रदेश (direct singular)
आंध्र प्रदेश (oblique singular)
आंध्र प्रदेश (singular vocative)

/ɑːn.d̪ʱɾə .pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

[ä̃ːn̪.d̪ʱɾɐ‿.pɾɐ.d̪eːʃ]

Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh#English:_Q1159

Andhra Pradesh (a state in southeastern India, where Telugu is the primary language)

hi:आंध्र प्रदेश


रूस

rūs (romanization)
روس (Urdu)
रूस (direct singular)
रूस (oblique singular)
रूस (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian روس (rūs), from Arabic رُوس (rūs, “Russians, Rus”), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ).

bor+

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


मिस्र अरब गणराज्य

hi-noun

मिस्र अरब गणराज्य • (misr arab gaṇrajya) m

/mɪsɾ ə.ɾəb ɡəɳ.ɾɑːd͡ʒ.jᵊ/

[mɪsɾ‿ɐ.ɾɐb‿ɡɐ̃ɳ.ɾäːd͡ʒ.jᵊ]

Arab Republic of Egypt
Arab Republic of Egypt#English:_Q79

Arab Republic of Egypt (official name of Egypt, a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


नई दिल्ली

hi-proper noun

नई दिल्ली • (naī dillī) f (Urdu spelling نئی دہلی)

naī dillī (romanization)
نئی دہلی (Urdu)
नई दिल्ली (direct singular)
नई दिल्ली (oblique singular)
नई दिल्ली (singular vocative)

→ Asturian: Nueva Delhi (calque)

desc

→ Cantonese: 新德里 (san1 dak1 lei5) (calque)

→ Galician: Nova Deli (calque)

→ German: Neu-Delhi (calque)

→ Greek: Νέο Δελχί (Néo Delchí) (calque)

→ Gujarati: નવી દિલ્હી (navī dilhī) (calque)

→ Hungarian: Újdelhi (calque)

→ Kannada: ನವ ದೆಹಲಿ (nava dehali) (calque)

→ Mandarin: 新德里 (Xīn Délǐ) (calque)

→ Marathi: नवी दिल्ली (navī dillī) (calque)

→ Polish: Nowe Delhi (calque)

→ Portuguese: Nova Deli (calque)

→ Sinhalese: නව දිල්ලිය (nawa dilliya) (calque)

→ Spanish: Nueva Delhi (calque)

→ Tamil: புது தில்லி (putu tilli) (calque)

→ Turkish: Yeni Delhi (calque)

hi:नई दिल्ली


मास्को

hi-proper noun

मास्को • (māsko) m (Urdu spelling ماسکو)

māsko (romanization)
ماسکو (Urdu)
मास्को (direct singular)
मास्को (oblique singular)
मास्को (singular vocative)
मॉसको (alternative)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital and largest city of Russia)


कुवैत

kuvait (romanization)
کویت (Urdu)
कुवैत (direct singular)
कुवैत (oblique singular)
कुवैत (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic الْكُوَيْت (al-kuwayt).

bor+

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ऑस्ट्रिया

hi-proper noun

ऑस्ट्रिया • (ŏsṭriyā) m (Urdu spelling آسٹریا)

ŏsṭriyā (romanization)
آسٹریا (Urdu)
ऑस्ट्रिया (direct singular)
ऑस्ट्रिया (oblique singular)
ऑस्ट्रिया (singular vocative)

/ɔs.ʈɾɪ.jɑː/


ग्रीस

grīs (romanization)
گریس (Urdu)
ग्रीस (direct singular)
ग्रीस (oblique singular)
ग्रीस (singular vocative)


अल्जीरिया

अल्जीरिया • (aljīriyā) m (Urdu spelling الجیریا)

aljīriyā (romanization)
الجیریا (Urdu)
अल्जीरिया (direct singular)
अल्जीरिया (oblique singular)
अल्जीरिया (singular vocative)


बहरीन

बहरीन • (bahrīn) m (Urdu spelling بحرین)

bahrīn (romanization)
بحرین (Urdu)
बहरीन (direct singular)
बहरीन (oblique singular)
बहरीन (singular vocative)
बहरैन (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic الْبَحْرَيْن (al-baḥrayn).

bor+

الْبَحْرَيْن

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


बेल्जियम

hi-proper noun

बेल्जियम • (beljiyam) m (Urdu spelling بیلْجِیَم)

beljiyam (romanization)
بیلْجِیَم (Urdu)
बेल्जियम (direct singular)
बेल्जियम (oblique singular)
बेल्जियम (singular vocative)

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


बुल्गारिया

बुल्गारिया • (bulgāriyā) m (Urdu spelling بلغاریہ)

bulgāriyā (romanization)
بلغاریہ (Urdu)
बुल्गारिया (direct singular)
बुल्गारिया (oblique singular)
बुल्गारिया (singular vocative)

/bʊl.ɡɑː.ɾɪ.jɑː/

Borrowed from English Bulgaria, from Medieval Latin Bulgaria.

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


फ़िजी

fijī (romanization)
فجی (Urdu)
फ़िजी (direct singular)
फ़िजी (oblique singular)
फ़िजी (singular vocative)

फ़िजी में बहुत हिंदुस्तानी रहते हैं।

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


अर्जेंटीना

अर्जेंटीना • (arjeṇṭīnā) m (Urdu spelling ارجنٹینا)

arjeṇṭīnā (romanization)
ارجنٹینا (Urdu)
अर्जेंटीना (direct singular)
अर्जेंटीना (oblique singular)
अर्जेंटीना (singular vocative)
अर्जेण्टीना (alternative)

/əɾ.d͡ʒeːɳ.ʈiː.nɑː/

[ɐɾ.d͡ʒẽːɳ.ʈiː.näː]


पुर्तगाल

पुर्तगाल • (purtagāl) m (Urdu spelling پرتگال)

purtagāl (romanization)
پرتگال (Urdu)
पुर्तगाल (direct singular)
पुर्तगाल (oblique singular)
पुर्तगाल (singular vocative)

/pʊɾ.t̪ə.ɡɑːl/

[pʊɾ.t̪ɐ.ɡäːl]


क्रोएशिया

क्रोएशिया • (kroeśiyā) m (Urdu spelling کرویشیا)

kroeśiyā (romanization)
کرویشیا (Urdu)
क्रोएशिया (direct singular)
क्रोएशिया (oblique singular)
क्रोएशिया (singular vocative)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)

hi:क्रोएशिया


चेन्नई

चेन्नई • (cennaī) m (Urdu spelling چنئی)

cennaī (romanization)
چنئی (Urdu)
चेन्नई (direct singular)
चेन्नई (oblique singular)
चेन्नई (singular vocative)

Chennai (the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, India)

Chennai (a district of Tamil Nadu, India, containing most of metro Chennai)


मद्रास

मद्रास • (madrās) f (Urdu spelling مدراس)

madrās (romanization)
مدراس (Urdu)
मद्रास (direct singular)
मद्रास (oblique singular)
मद्रास (singular vocative)

Madras (former name of Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu, India)


भूटान

भूटान • (bhūṭān) m (Urdu spelling بھوٹان)

bhūṭān (romanization)
بھوٹان (Urdu)
भूटान (direct singular)
भूटान (oblique singular)
भूटान (singular vocative)

[bʱuː.ʈä̃ːn]

Ultimately from a derivative of Sanskrit भोट (bhoṭa, “Tibet”), from Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”).

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


ब्रुनेई

ब्रुनेई • (bruneī) m (Urdu spelling برونائی)

bruneī (romanization)
برونائی (Urdu)
ब्रुनेई (direct singular)
ब्रुनेई (oblique singular)
ब्रुनेई (singular vocative)


पंजाब

पंजाब • (pañjāb) m (Urdu spelling پَنْجَاب)

pañjāb (romanization)
پَنْجَاب (Urdu)
पंजाब (direct singular)
पंजाब (oblique singular)
पंजाब (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian پنجاب (panjāb, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”), from پنج (panj, “five”) and آب (āb, “water”), which is based on Sanskrit पञ्चनद (pañcanada).

bor+

hi:पंजाब (बहुविकल्पी)

Punjab (a geographical region in South Asia, politically divided between India and Pakistan)


उत्तर प्रदेश

hi-proper noun

उत्तर प्रदेश • (uttar pradeś) m (Urdu spelling اتر پردیش)

uttar pradeś (romanization)
اتر پردیش (Urdu)
उत्तर प्रदेश (direct singular)
उत्तर प्रदेश (oblique singular)
उत्तर प्रदेश (singular vocative)

/ʊt̪.t̪əɾ pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐɾ‿pɾɐ.d̪eːʃ]

Calque of English Northern Provinces, the name of the state before 1950.

Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh#English:_Q1498

Uttar Pradesh (a state in northern India)

hi:उत्तर प्रदेश


बिहार

bihār (romanization)
بہار (Urdu)
बिहार (direct singular)
बिहार (oblique singular)
बिहार (singular vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀭 (vihāra), from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “temple; monastery”).


घाना

ghānā (romanization)
گھانا (Urdu)
घाना (direct singular)
घाना (oblique singular)
घाना (singular vocative)


इस्लामाबाद

hi-proper noun

इस्लामाबाद • (islāmābād) m (Urdu spelling اسلام آباد)

islāmābād (romanization)
اسلام آباد (Urdu)
इस्लामाबाद (direct singular)
इस्लामाबाद (oblique singular)
इस्लामाबाद (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Urdu اسلام آباد (islām ābād).

bor+

hi:इस्लामाबाद

Islamabad (a city, the capital city of Pakistan)


मलेशिया

hi-proper noun

मलेशिया • (maleśiyā) m (Urdu spelling ملائیشیا)

maleśiyā (romanization)
ملائیشیا (Urdu)
मलेशिया (direct singular)
मलेशिया (oblique singular)
मलेशिया (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Malaysia, Malay Malaysia.


क्यूबा

क्यूबा • (kyūbā) m or f (Urdu spelling کیوبا)

kyūbā (romanization)
کیوبا (Urdu)
क्यूबा (direct singular)
क्यूबा (oblique singular)
क्यूबा (singular vocative)

Cuba (a country, the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean)


बेजिंग

बेजिंग • (bejiṅg) m (Urdu spelling بیجنگ)

bejiṅg (romanization)
بیجنگ (Urdu)
बेजिंग (direct singular)
बेजिंग (oblique singular)
बेजिंग (singular vocative)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


ग्राम

grām (romanization)
گرام (Urdu)
ग्राम (direct singular)
ग्राम (direct plural)
ग्राम (oblique singular)
ग्रामों (oblique plural)
ग्राम (singular vocative)
ग्रामो (plural vocative)


यूक्रेन

hi-prop

यूक्रेन • (yūkren) m (Urdu spelling یوکرین)

yūkren (romanization)
یوکرین (Urdu)
यूक्रेन (direct singular)
यूक्रेन (oblique singular)
यूक्रेन (singular vocative)

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


जमैका

hi-proper noun

जमैका • (jamaikā) ? (Urdu spelling جمیکا)

/d͡ʒə.mɛː.kɑː/

[d͡ʒɐ.mɛː.käː]

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


राजस्थान

राजस्थान • (rājasthān) m (Urdu spelling راجستھان)

rājasthān (romanization)
راجستھان (Urdu)
राजस्थान (direct singular)
राजस्थान (oblique singular)
राजस्थान (singular vocative)

/ɾɑː.d͡ʒəs.t̪ʰɑːn/

[ɾäː.d͡ʒɐs.t̪ʰä̃ːn]

Compound of राज (rāj, “king”) + स्थान (sthān, “locality”).

com+

Rajasthan (a state in northwestern India, created in 1949 and replacing the former province of Rajputana)


हंगरी

hi-proper noun

हंगरी • (haṅgarī or haṅgrī) m (Urdu spelling ہنگری)

haṅgarī (romanization)
haṅgrī (romanization)
ہنگری (Urdu)
हंगरी (direct singular)
haṅgarī (direct singular)
haṅgrī (direct singular)
हंगरी (oblique singular)
haṅgarī (oblique singular)
haṅgrī (oblique singular)
हंगरी (singular vocative)
haṅgarī (singular vocative)
haṅgrī (singular vocative)

/ɦəŋ.ɡə.ɾiː/

[ɦɐ̃ŋ.ɡɐ.ɾiː]


इथियोपिया

इथियोपिया • (ithiyopiyā) m (Urdu spelling ایتھوپیا)

ithiyopiyā (romanization)
ایتھوپیا (Urdu)
इथियोपिया (direct singular)
इथियोपिया (oblique singular)
इथियोपिया (singular vocative)


अबटाबाद

अबटाबाद • (abṭābād) m (Urdu spelling ابٹ آباد)

abṭābād (romanization)
ابٹ آباد (Urdu)
अबटाबाद (direct singular)
अबटाबाद (oblique singular)
अबटाबाद (singular vocative)
ऐब्टाबाद (alternative)

/əb.ʈɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɐb.ʈäː.bäːd̪]

अबट (abaṭ, “James Abbott (Indian Army officer)”) + आबाद (ābād, “placename suffix”).

compound

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Abbottabad (a city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

James Abbott (Indian Army officer)
hi:अबटाबाद


हिंदुस्तान

hi-proper noun

हिंदुस्तान • (hindustān) m (Urdu spelling ہندوستان)

hindustān (romanization)
ہندوستان (Urdu)
हिन्दुस्तान (alternative)
हिंदोस्तान (alternative)
हिन्दोस्तान (alternative)

[ɦɪ̃n̪.d̪ʊs.t̪ä̃ːn]

Borrowed from Classical Persian هِنْدُوسْتَان (hindūstān). Cognate with Marathi हिंदुस्थान (hindusthān).

bor+

هِنْدُوسْتَان


कड़वा

hi-proper noun

कड़वा • (kaṛvā) m

Inherited from Old Hindi करवा (karavā), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit कटुक (káṭuka, “pungent, bitter”). Cognate to Gujarati કડવું (kaḍvũ), Marathi कडू (kaḍū).


माल्टा

hi-proper noun

माल्टा • (mālṭā) m (Urdu spelling مالٹا)

mālṭā (romanization)
مالٹا (Urdu)
माल्टा (direct singular)
माल्टा (oblique singular)
माल्टा (singular vocative)

Malta (an archipelago and country in Southern Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea)


मस्जिद

hi-noun

मस्जिद • (masjid) f (Urdu spelling مَسْجِد)

masjid (romanization)
مَسْجِد (Urdu)
मस्जिद (direct singular)
मस्जिदें (direct plural)
मस्जिद (oblique singular)
मस्जिदों (oblique plural)
मस्जिद (singular vocative)
मस्जिदो (plural vocative)
मसजिद (alternative)

→ New Sanskrit: मस्जिद (masjida)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مسجد (masjid), from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid). Replaced Old Hindi मसीति (masīti). Compare Bengali মসজিদ (mosjid), Gujarati મસ્જિદ (masjid), Marathi मशीद (maśīd), Odia ମସଜିଦ୍ (masajid), Punjabi ਮਸੀਤ (masīt).

bor+

कोरोना वायरस के बढ़ते प्रकोप के कारण इस्लाम में तीसरा सबसे पवित्र स्थान मस्जिद अल अक्सा को अनिश्चतकाल के लिए बंद कर दिया गया है।

2020 March 16, Mohit Saxena, “येरुशलम: कोरोना के डर से इस्लाम के तीसरे सबसे पवित्र स्थान अल अक्सा मस्जिद पर लगी रोक [yeruślam: koronā ke ḍar se islām ke tīsre sabse pavitra sthān al aksā masjid par lagī rok]”, in Patrika:

Due to the worsening outbreak of coronavirus, Islam's third holiest site, the Al-Aqsa Mosque, has been closed indefinitely.


बैतनिय्याह

hi-proper noun

बैतनिय्याह • (baitaniyyāh) ? (Urdu spelling بیت عنیاہ)

baitaniyyāh (romanization)
بیت عنیاہ (Urdu)

Borrowed from Aramaic בית עניא (“house of suffering”).

bor+

(biblical) Bethany (a village in ancient Israel, in the modern West Bank)


बैतलहम

hi-proper noun

बैतलहम • (baitlaham) m (Urdu spelling بیت لحم)

baitlaham (romanization)
بیت لحم (Urdu)
बैतलहम (direct singular)
बैतलहम (oblique singular)
बैतलहम (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Arabic بَيْت لَحْم (bayt laḥm).

bor+

(biblical) Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


नासरत

hi-proper noun

नासरत • (nāsarat) m (Urdu spelling ناصرت)

nāsarat (romanization)
ناصرت (Urdu)
नासरत (direct singular)
नासरत (oblique singular)
नासरत (singular vocative)

(biblical) Nazareth (an ancient city in modern Israel)


अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान

अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान • (afġānistān) m (Urdu spelling افغانستان)

afġānistān (romanization)
افغانستان (Urdu)
अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान (direct singular)
अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान (oblique singular)
अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान (singular vocative)

[ɐpʰ.ɡäː.nɪs.t̪ä̃ːn]

Borrowed from Classical Persian افغانستان (afġānistān). By surface analysis, अफ़्ग़ान (afġān) + -इस्तान (-istān).

surf

Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)

hi:अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान


बाली

hi-proper noun

बाली • (bālī) f

bālī (romanization)
बाली (direct singular)
बाली (oblique singular)
बाली (singular vocative)

Bali (an island and province of Indonesia)


क़सूर

qasūr (romanization)
قصور (Urdu)
क़सूर (direct singular)
क़सूर (oblique singular)
क़सूर (singular vocative)
कसूर (alternative)

* Ultimately named for Kusha (Ramayana).
* Borrowed from Arabic قَصْر (qaṣr).


इंगलैंड

इंगलैंड • (iṅglaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling انگلینڈ)

iṅglaiṇḍ (romanization)
انگلینڈ (Urdu)
इंगलैंड (direct singular)
इंगलैंड (oblique singular)
इंगलैंड (singular vocative)

इंग्लैंड इंग्लैंड#Hindi

Alternative spelling of इंग्लैंड (iṅglaiṇḍ): England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


इंगलिस्तान

इंगलिस्तान • (iṅglistān) m (Urdu spelling انگلستان)

iṅglistān (romanization)
انگلستان (Urdu)
इंगलिस्तान (direct singular)
इंगलिस्तान (oblique singular)
इंगलिस्तान (singular vocative)

[ɪ̃ŋ.ɡlɪs.t̪ä̃ːn]

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِنْگِلِسْتَان (ingilistān), from اِنْگِلِیس (ingilīs, “Englishperson”) + ـِسْتَان (-istān). By surface analysis, Classical Persian اِنْگِلِیس (ingilīs) + -इस्तान (-istān).

bor+

اِنْگِلِسْتَان

surf

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


सागर

From सागर (sāgar), the name of the adjacent lake.

Sagar (a city in Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh, India)

Sagar (a district of Madhya Pradesh, India, containing the city of the same name)


कुआला लमपुर

hi-proper noun

कुआला लमपुर • (kuālā lampur) ?

kuālā lampur (romanization)
कुआला लमपुर (direct singular)
कुआला लमपुर (oblique singular)
कुआला लमपुर (singular vocative)
कुआलालंपुर (alternative)
क्वालालंपुर (alternative)
क्वालालमपुर (alternative)

[kʊ.äː.läː‿lɐ̃m.pʊɾ]

Borrowed from English Kuala Lumpur and Malay Kuala Lumpur, from kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”).

hi:कुआलालम्पुर

Kuala Lumpur (a city, the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


शाम

Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām), from Arabic شَام (šām), originally meaning 'left-hand side', i.e. 'north' (when looking towards sunrise). Compare Gujarati શામ (śām).

bor+

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


अमरावती

hi-proper noun

अमरावती • (amrāvatī) f (Urdu spelling امراوتی)

amrāvatī (romanization)
امراوتی (Urdu)
अमरावती (direct singular)
अमरावती (oblique singular)
अमरावती (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Marathi अमरावती (amrāvtī), from an earlier उमरावती (umrāvtī), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀉𑀁𑀩𑀭𑀸𑀯𑀢𑀻 (uṃbarāvatī), from Sanskrit उदुम्बरावती (udumbarāvatī), औदुम्बरावती (audumbarāvatī). Influenced by अमरावती (amarāvatī, “abode of immortals”).

der

/əm.ɾɑː.ʋə.t̪iː/

[ɐ̃m.ɾäː.ʋɐ.t̪iː]

Amravati, Oomrawutty (a city in Vidarbha, Maharashtra, India)


अमरावती

Borrowed from Sanskrit अमरावती (amarāvatī) and Telugu అమరావతి (amarāvati).

wp

अमरावती, आन्ध्र प्रदेश

अमरावती (चम्पा)

bor+

/əm.ɾɑː.ʋə.t̪iː/

[ɐ̃m.ɾäː.ʋɐ.t̪iː]

Amaravati, Amaravathi (a city, the state capital of Andhra Pradesh, India)

Amaravati (an ancient kingdom in Champa, Vietnam)


सीता

sītā (romanization)
سِیتا (Urdu)
सीता (direct singular)
सीताएँ (direct plural)
सीता (oblique singular)
सीताओं (oblique plural)
सीता (singular vocative)
सीताओ (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सीता (sītā). First attested in c. 1700 as Middle Hindi سیتا (syta /sītā/).


संयुक्त राजशाही

hi-proper noun

संयुक्त राजशाही • (sañyukta rājaśāhī) m

sañyukta rājaśāhī (romanization)
संयुक्त राजशाही (direct singular)
संयुक्त राजशाही (oblique singular)
संयुक्त राजशाही (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

संयुक्त//संयुक्त* राजशाही//राज*शाही<M.sg>

/sə̃.jʊk.t̪ə ɾɑː.d͡ʒə.ʃɑː.ɦiː/

[sɐ̃.jʊk.t̪ɐ‿ɾäː.d͡ʒɐ.ʃäː.ɦiː]

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)


यूनाइटेड किंगडम

hi-proper noun

یونائٹڈ کنگڈم

यूनाइटेड किंगडम • (yūnāiṭeḍ kiṅgḍam) m (Urdu spelling یونائٹڈ کنگڈم)

yūnāiṭeḍ kiṅgḍam (romanization)
یونائٹڈ کنگڈم (Urdu)
यूनाइटेड किंगडम (direct singular)
यूनाइटेड किंगडम (oblique singular)
यूनाइटेड किंगडम (singular vocative)

/juː.nɑː.ɪ.ʈeːɖ kɪŋɡ.ɖəm/

[juː.näː.ɪ.ʈeːɖ‿kɪ̃ŋɡ.ɖɐ̃m]


पोलैंड

पोलैंड • (polaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling پولینڈ)

polaiṇḍ (romanization)
پولینڈ (Urdu)
पोलैंड (direct singular)
पोलैंड (oblique singular)
पोलैंड (singular vocative)

[poː.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]


ब्रह्मदेश

ब्रह्मदेश • (brahmadeś) m (Urdu spelling برہما دیش)

brahmadeś (romanization)
برہما دیش (Urdu)
ब्रह्मदेश (direct singular)
ब्रह्मदेश (oblique singular)
ब्रह्मदेश (singular vocative)

Myanmar, Burma (a country in Southeast Asia)


ओहायो

ओहायो • (ohāyo) ? (Urdu spelling اوہائیو)


स्लोवाकिया

स्लोवाकिया • (slovākiyā) m (Urdu spelling سلوواکیہ)

slovākiyā (romanization)
سلوواکیہ (Urdu)
स्लोवाकिया (direct singular)
स्लोवाकिया (oblique singular)
स्लोवाकिया (singular vocative)

hi:स्लोवाकिया


पेरू

पेरू • (perū) m

perū (romanization)
पेरू (direct singular)
पेरू (oblique singular)
पेरू (singular vocative)


स्पेन

spen (romanization)
سپین (Urdu)
स्पेन (direct singular)
स्पेन (oblique singular)
स्पेन (singular vocative)

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


तुर्की

turkī (romanization)
ترکی (Urdu)
तुर्की (direct singular)
तुर्की (oblique singular)
तुर्की (singular vocative)

Phono-semantic matching of English Turkey.

phono-semantic matching

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)


चिली

cilī (romanization)
چلی (Urdu)
चिली (direct singular)
चिली (oblique singular)
चिली (singular vocative)


डेनमार्क

hi-proper noun

डेनमार्क • (ḍenmārk) m (Urdu spelling ڈنمارک)

ḍenmārk (romanization)
ڈنمارک (Urdu)
डेनमार्क (direct singular)
डेनमार्क (oblique singular)
डेनमार्क (singular vocative)

[ɖẽːn.mäːɾk]


फ़्राँस

फ़्राँस • (frā̃s) m (Urdu spelling فرانس)

frā̃s (romanization)
فرانس (Urdu)
फ़्राँस (direct singular)
फ़्राँस (oblique singular)
फ़्राँस (singular vocative)

France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


स्वीडन

स्वीडन • (svīḍan) m (Urdu spelling سْوِیڈَن)

svīḍan (romanization)
سْوِیڈَن (Urdu)
स्वीडन (direct singular)
स्वीडन (oblique singular)
स्वीडन (singular vocative)

Sweden (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


फ्रांस

फ्रांस • (phrāns) m (Urdu spelling فرانس)

phrāns (romanization)
فرانس (Urdu)
फ्रांस (direct singular)
फ्रांस (oblique singular)
फ्रांस (singular vocative)

फ़्राँस फ़्राँस#Hindi

nuqtaless form of फ़्राँस (frā̃s): France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


अंगोला

अंगोला • (aṅgolā) m (Urdu spelling انگولا)

aṅgolā (romanization)
انگولا (Urdu)
अंगोला (direct singular)
अंगोला (oblique singular)
अंगोला (singular vocative)

/əŋ.ɡoː.lɑː/

[ɐ̃ŋ.ɡoː.läː]


वाराणसी

hi-prop

वाराणसी • (vārāṇsī) f (Urdu spelling وارانسی)

vārāṇsī (romanization)
وارانسی (Urdu)
वाराणसी (direct singular)
वाराणसी (oblique singular)
वाराणसी (singular vocative)

/ʋɑː.ɾɑːɳ.siː/

[ʋäː.ɾä̃ːɳ.siː]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वाराणसी (vārāṇasī). Doublet of बनारस (banāras).


गोवा

govā (romanization)
گوا (Urdu)
गोवा (direct singular)
गोवा (oblique singular)
गोवा (singular vocative)
गोआ (alternative)

Borrowed from Portuguese Goa, from Konkani गोंय (goiya), from Sanskrit गोमन्त (gomanta).


हरियाणा

hi-proper noun

हरियाणा • (hariyāṇā) m (Urdu spelling ہریانہ)

hariyāṇā (romanization)
ہریانہ (Urdu)
हरियाणा (direct singular)
हरियाणे (oblique singular)
हरियाणे (singular vocative)
हरियाना (alternative)

/ɦə.ɾɪ.jɑː.ɳɑː/

[ɦɐ.ɾi.jäː.ɳäː]

Borrowed from Haryanvi हरियाणा (hariyāṇā), from Apabhramsa हरियाण (hariyāṇa) found in the works of the 1000s CE writer Vibudh Shridhar. Further, probably from a metathesis of Prakrit *𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀸𑀬𑀡 (*ahirāyaṇa), from 𑀅𑀳𑀺𑀭 (ahira), a variant of Prakrit 𑀆𑀳𑀻𑀭 (āhīra), from Sanskrit आभीर (ābhīra) (the name of a community mentioned in the Mahabharata that inhabited the area of present-day Haryana in ancient times), suffixed with 𑀅𑀬𑀦 ~ 𑀅𑀬𑀡 (ayana ~ ayaṇa), from Sanskrit अयन (ayana, “path, road”).


छत्तीसगढ़

hi-proper noun

छत्तीसगढ़ • (chattīsgaṛh) m (Urdu spelling چھتیس گڑھ)

chattīsgaṛh (romanization)
چھتیس گڑھ (Urdu)
छत्तीसगढ़ (direct singular)
छत्तीसगढ़ (oblique singular)
छत्तीसगढ़ (singular vocative)

/t͡ʃʰət̪.t̪iːs.ɡəɽʱ/

[t͡ʃʰɐt̪̚.t̪iːs.ɡɐɽʱ]

Compound of छत्तीस (chattīs, “thirty-six”) + गढ़ (gaṛh, “forts”).


गया

gayā (romanization)
گیا (Urdu)
गया (direct singular)
गए (oblique singular)
गये (oblique singular)
गए (singular vocative)
गये (singular vocative)


अंकारा

hi-proper noun

अंकारा • (aṅkārā) m

aṅkārā (romanization)
अंकारा (direct singular)
अंकारा (oblique singular)
अंकारा (singular vocative)

/əŋ.kɑː.ɾɑː/

[ɐ̃ŋ.käː.ɾäː]


नर्मदा

narmadā (romanization)
नर्मदा (direct singular)
नर्मदा (oblique singular)
नर्मदा (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नर्मदा (narmadā).


हिन्द

hind (romanization)
ہند (Urdu)
हिन्द (direct singular)
हिन्द (oblique singular)
हिन्द (singular vocative)

हिंद हिंद#Hindi

(dated) Alternative spelling of हिंद (hind):

Alternative spelling of हिंद (hind):
India (a country in South Asia)


आइसलैंड

आइसलैंड • (āislaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling آئس لینڈ)

āislaiṇḍ (romanization)
آئس لینڈ (Urdu)
आइसलैंड (direct singular)
आइसलैंड (oblique singular)
आइसलैंड (singular vocative)

/ɑː.ɪs.lɛːɳɖ/

[äː.ɪs.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


ट्यूनीशिया

ट्यूनीशिया • (ṭyūnīśiyā) m (Urdu spelling ٹیونشیا)

ṭyūnīśiyā (romanization)
ٹیونشیا (Urdu)
ट्यूनीशिया (direct singular)
ट्यूनीशिया (oblique singular)
ट्यूनीशिया (singular vocative)


जॉर्जिया

जॉर्जिया • (jŏrjiyā) m (Urdu spelling جورجیا)

jŏrjiyā (romanization)
جورجیا (Urdu)
जॉर्जिया (direct singular)
जॉर्जिया (oblique singular)
जॉर्जिया (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒɔɾ.d͡ʒɪ.jɑː/

[d͡ʒɔɾ.d͡ʒi.jäː]

Georgia (a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


बर्लिन

बर्लिन • (barlin) m (Urdu spelling برلن)

barlin (romanization)
برلن (Urdu)
बर्लिन (direct singular)
बर्लिन (oblique singular)
बर्लिन (singular vocative)

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


वॉशिंगटन डी॰ सी॰

वॉशिंगटन डी॰ सी॰ • (vŏśiṅgṭan ḍī. sī.) ?

vŏśiṅgṭan ḍī. sī. (romanization)
वॉशिंगटन (alternative)
वॉशिंगटन, डी. सी. (alternative)

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


वॉशिंगटन

वॉशिंगटन • (vŏśiṅgṭan) m (Urdu spelling واشنگٹن)

vŏśiṅgṭan (romanization)
واشنگٹن (Urdu)
वॉशिंगटन (direct singular)
वॉशिंगटन (oblique singular)
वॉशिंगटन (singular vocative)

/ʋɔ.ʃɪŋɡ.ʈən/

[ʋɔ.ʃɪ̃ŋɡ.ʈɐ̃n]

Washington State
Washington State#English

Washington, Washington State (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)

Washington, Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


भारत गणराज्य

भारत गणराज्य • (bhārat gaṇrājya) m

bhārat gaṇrājya (romanization)
भारत गणराज्य (direct singular)
भारत गणराज्य (oblique singular)
भारत गणराज्य (singular vocative)

/bʱɑː.ɾət̪ ɡəɳ.ɾɑːd͡ʒ.jᵊ/

[bʱäː.ɾɐt̪‿ɡɐ̃ɳ.ɾäːd͡ʒ.jᵊ]

Republic of India
Republic of India#English:_Q668

Republic of India (official name of India, a country in South Asia)


वृन्दावन

वृन्दावन • (vŕndāvan) m

→ English: Vrindavan

→ Indonesian: Prindapan

/ʋɾɪn.d̪ɑː.ʋən/

[ʋɾɪ̃n̪.d̪äː.ʋɐ̃n]

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्दावन (vṛndāvana).

bor+

Vrindavan (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


यूनान

yūnān (romanization)
یونان (Urdu)
यूनान (direct singular)
यूनान (oblique singular)
यूनान (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یونان (yūnān), from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /yauna/, “Ionia”), from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”). Likely influenced by the doublet यवन (yavan, “a Greek”) borrowed from Sanskrit, and Arabic اَلْيُونَان (al-yūnān). Compare Bengali ইউনান (iunan).


ब्राज़िल

hi-proper noun

ब्राज़िल • (brāzil) m (Urdu spelling برازیل)

brāzil (romanization)
برازیل (Urdu)
ब्राज़िल (direct singular)
ब्राज़िल (oblique singular)
ब्राज़िल (singular vocative)
ब्राज़ील (alternative)

/bɾɑː.d͡ʒɪl/

[bɾäː.d͡ʒɪl]

Brazil (a large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


दादर और नगर हवेली

दादर और नगर हवेली • (dādar aur nagar havelī) ?

/d̪ɑː.d̪əɾ ɔːɾ nə.ɡəɾ ɦə.ʋeː.liː/

[d̪äː.d̪ɐɾ‿ɔːɾ‿nɐ.ɡɐɾ‿ɦɐ.ʋeː.liː]

Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Dadra and Nagar Haveli#English

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu#English

Dadra and Nagar Haveli (a district of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India)


हिमाचल प्रदेश

हिमाचल प्रदेश • (himācal pradeś) m (Urdu spelling ہماچل پردیش)

himācal pradeś (romanization)
ہماچل پردیش (Urdu)
हिमाचल प्रदेश (direct singular)
हिमाचल प्रदेश (oblique singular)
हिमाचल प्रदेश (singular vocative)

/ɦɪ.mɑː.t͡ʃəl pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

[ɦɪ.mäː.t͡ʃɐl‿pɾɐ.d̪eːʃ]

Compound of हिमाचल (himācal) + प्रदेश (pradeś), literally “the snow-region state”. The name हिमाचल (himācal) was first used for the region by the scholar Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma.

com+

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English:_Q1177

Himachal Pradesh (a state in northern India)


तमिल नाडु

hi-proper noun

तमिल नाडु • (tamil nāḍu) ? (Urdu spelling تامل ناڈو)

tamil nāḍu (romanization)
تامل ناڈو (Urdu)

Borrowed from Tamil தமிழ் நாடு (tamiḻ nāṭu).

bor+

hi:तमिल नाडु


झारखंड

hi-proper noun

झारखंड • (jhārkhaṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling جھارکھنڈ)

jhārkhaṇḍ (romanization)
جھارکھنڈ (Urdu)
झारखंड (direct singular)
झारखंड (oblique singular)
झारखंड (singular vocative)
झारखण्ड (alternative)

/d͡ʒʱɑːɾ.kʰəɳɖ/

[d͡ʒʱäːɾ.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ]


उत्तराखंड

उत्तराखंड • (uttarākhaṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling اتراکھنڈ)

uttarākhaṇḍ (romanization)
اتراکھنڈ (Urdu)
उत्तराखंड (direct singular)
उत्तराखंड (oblique singular)
उत्तराखंड (singular vocative)

/ʊt̪.t̪ə.ɾɑː.kʰəɳɖ/

[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾäː.kʰɐ̃ɳɖ]

उत्तर (uttar, “northern”) + खंड (khaṇḍ, “region, part, piece”).

com

Uttarakhand (a state in northern India, created in 2000 by separation from Uttar Pradesh)

hi:उत्तराखंड


मिज़ोरम

hi-proper noun

मिज़ोरम • (mizoram) m (Urdu spelling میزورم)

mizoram (romanization)
میزورم (Urdu)
मिज़ोरम (direct singular)
मिज़ोरम (oblique singular)
मिज़ोरम (singular vocative)
मिज़ोराम (alternative)


नागालैंड

नागालैंड • (nāgālaiṇḍ) ? (Urdu spelling ناگالینڈ)

nāgālaiṇḍ (romanization)
ناگالینڈ (Urdu)
नागालैंड (direct singular)
नागालैंड (oblique singular)
नागालैंड (singular vocative)
नागालैण्ड (alternative)

/nɑː.ɡɑː.lɛːɳɖ/

[näː.ɡäː.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]

Nagaland (a state in northeastern India)


त्रिपुरा

त्रिपुरा • (tripurā) ? (Urdu spelling تری پورہ)

tripurā (romanization)
تری پورہ (Urdu)
त्रिपुरा (direct singular)
त्रिपुरे (oblique singular)
त्रिपुरे (singular vocative)

/t̪ɾɪ.pʊ.ɾɑː/

[t̪ɾɪ.pʊ.ɾäː]


मणिपुर

मणिपुर • (maṇipur) m (Urdu spelling منی پور)

maṇipur (romanization)
منی پور (Urdu)
मणिपुर (direct singular)
मणिपुर (oblique singular)
मणिपुर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मणिपुर (maṇipura). By surface analysis, मणि (maṇi) + -पुर (-pur).


अरुणाचल प्रदेश

hi-proper noun

اروناچل پردیش

अरुणाचल प्रदेश • (aruṇācal pradeś) m (Urdu spelling اروناچل پردیش)

aruṇācal pradeś (romanization)
اروناچل پردیش (Urdu)
अरुणाचल प्रदेश (direct singular)
अरुणाचल प्रदेश (oblique singular)
अरुणाचल प्रदेश (singular vocative)

→ English: Arunachal Pradesh

desc

ਅਰੁਣਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼

→ Punjabi: ਅਰੁਣਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ (aruṇācal prdeś)

desctree

اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش

→ Urdu: اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش (arūnācal pradeś)
→ Arabic: أَرُونَاجَل بْرَدِيش (ʔarūnājal bradīš)

/ə.ɾʊ.ɳɑː.t͡ʃəl pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

[ɐ.ɾʊ.ɳäː.t͡ʃɐl‿pɾɐ.d̪eːʃ]

Compound of अरुणाचल (aruṇācal) + प्रदेश (pradeś)

com+

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English:_Q1162

Arunachal Pradesh (a state in northeastern India)


पश्चिम बंगाल

hi-proper noun

पश्चिम बंगाल • (paścim baṅgāl) m (Urdu spelling پشچم بنگال)

paścim baṅgāl (romanization)
پشچم بنگال (Urdu)
पश्चिम बंगाल (direct singular)
पश्चिम बंगाल (oblique singular)
पश्चिम बंगाल (singular vocative)

/pəʃ.t͡ʃɪm bəŋ.ɡɑːl/

[pɐʃ.t͡ʃɪ̃m‿bɐ̃ŋ.ɡäːl]

Calque of English West Bengal, Bengali পশ্চিমবঙ্গ (pościmboṅgo).

hi:पश्चिम बंगाल


अरुणाचल

अरुणाचल • (aruṇācal) ?

/ə.ɾʊ.ɳɑː.t͡ʃəl/

[ɐ.ɾʊ.ɳäː.t͡ʃɐl]


अहमदाबाद

अहमदाबाद • (ahmadābād) m (Urdu spelling احمد آباد)

ahmadābād (romanization)
احمد آباد (Urdu)
अहमदाबाद (direct singular)
अहमदाबाद (oblique singular)
अहमदाबाद (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//अह्मदाबाद<M.sg>

/əɦ.mə.d̪ɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɛʱ.mɐ.d̪äː.bäːd̪]

From अहमद (ahmad, “Ahmad Shah I”) + -आबाद (-ābād, “placename suffix”). Compare Gujarati અમદાવાદ (amadāvād).

af

Ahmedabad (the largest city in Gujarat, India)


गुर्जिस्तान

hi-proper noun

गुर्जिस्तान • (gurjistān) m (Urdu spelling گرجستان)

gurjistān (romanization)
گرجستان (Urdu)
गुर्जिस्तान (direct singular)
गुर्जिस्तान (oblique singular)
गुर्जिस्तान (singular vocative)

/ɡʊɾ.d͡ʒɪs.t̪ɑːn/

[ɡʊɾ.d͡ʒɪs.t̪ä̃ːn]

Borrowed from Classical Persian گرجستان (gurjistān).


उदयवर्ष

udayvarṣ (romanization)
उदयवर्ष (direct singular)
उदयवर्ष (oblique singular)
उदयवर्ष (singular vocative)

/ʊ.d̪əj.ʋəɾʂ/

[ʊ.d̪ɐj.ʋɐɾʃ]

Possibly a calque of English Land of the Rising Sun, itself a calque of Japanese 日本 (にほん, Nihon, “Japan”). From उदय (uday, “sunrise”) + वर्ष (varṣ, “land, country”).

compound

(formal, uncommon) Japan (a country in East Asia)


मेक्सिको

hi-proper noun

मेक्सिको • (meksiko) m (Urdu spelling میکسیکو)

meksiko (romanization)
میکسیکو (Urdu)
मेक्सिको (direct singular)
मेक्सिको (oblique singular)
मेक्सिको (singular vocative)


अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह

انڈمان اور نکوبار دویپسموہ

अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह • (aṇḍamān aur nikobār dvīpsamūh) m (Urdu spelling انڈمان اور نکوبار دویپسموہ)

aṇḍamān aur nikobār dvīpsamūh (romanization)
انڈمان اور نکوبار دویپسموہ (Urdu)
अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह (direct singular)
अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह (oblique singular)
अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह//द्वीप॰समूह<M.sg>

/əɳ.ɖə.mɑːn ɔːɾ nɪ.koː.bɑːɾ d̪ʋiːp.sə.muːɦ/

[ɐ̃ɳ.ɖɐ.mä̃ːn‿ɔːɾ‿nɪ.koː.bäːɾ‿d̪wiːp.sɐ.muːʱ]

LL-Q1568 (hin)-AryamanA-अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह.wav

Calque of English Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

calque

Andaman and Nicobar Islands#English:_Q40888

Andaman and Nicobar Islands (an archipelago and union territory of India, in the Bay of Bengal)

en-अंडमान_और_निकोबार_द्वीपसमूह-hi-name-hVMVF-1H


हवाई

havāī (romanization)
ہوائی (Urdu)
हवाई (direct singular)
हवाई (oblique singular)
हवाई (singular vocative)

Hawaii (an insular state of the United States, formerly a territory)


अयोध्या

hi-prop

अयोध्या • (ayodhyā) f (Urdu spelling ایودھیا)

ayodhyā (romanization)
ایودھیا (Urdu)
अयोध्या (direct singular)
अयोध्या (oblique singular)
अयोध्या (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अयोध्या (ayodhyā).

lbor

Ayodhya (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India, and birthplace of Rāma)


चर्च

carc (romanization)
چرچ (Urdu)
चर्च (direct singular)
चर्च (direct plural)
चर्च (oblique singular)
चर्चों (oblique plural)
चर्च (singular vocative)
चर्चो (plural vocative)


नागपुर

hi-proper noun

नागपुर • (nāgpur) m (Urdu spelling ناگپور)

nāgpur (romanization)
ناگپور (Urdu)
नागपुर (direct singular)
नागपुर (oblique singular)
नागपुर (singular vocative)

Calque of Marathi नागपूर (nāgpūr), from नाग (nāg, “Nag River or naga”) + -पुर (-pur, “city”).

af

Nagpur (a large city, the winter capital of Maharashtra, India)

Nagpur (a district of Maharashtra, India, containing the city of the same name)


अमृतसर

hi-proper noun

अमृतसर • (amŕtsar) m (Urdu spelling امرتسر)

amŕtsar (romanization)
امرتسر (Urdu)
अमृतसर (direct singular)
अमृतसर (oblique singular)
अमृतसर (singular vocative)

[ɐ̃m.ɾɪt̪.sɐɾ]

अमृत (amŕt, “nectar”) + सर (sar, “lake”), from Sanskrit.


यमुना

yamunā (romanization)
یمنا (Urdu)
यमुना (direct singular)
यमुना (oblique singular)
यमुना (singular vocative)
जमुना (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit यमुना (yamunā), from यम (yama, “twin”), as the Yamuna runs parallel with the Ganges.

lbor

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

Yamuna, Jumna (a river in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana and union territory of Delhi, India)

Arthur Anthony Macdonell
Arthur Berriedale Keith


कश्मीर

hi-proper noun

कश्मीर • (kaśmīr) m (Urdu spelling کشمیر)

kaśmīr (romanization)
کشمیر (Urdu)
कश्मीर (direct singular)
कश्मीर (oblique singular)
कश्मीर (singular vocative)
काश्मीर (alternative)

→ English: Cashmere, Kashmir

⇒ English: cashmere

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra), which is probably a contraction of कश्यपमीर (kaśyapamīra) or कश्यपमेरु (kaśyapameru).

lbor

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


मिस्र

misr (romanization)
مصر (Urdu)
मिस्र (direct singular)
मिस्र (oblique singular)
मिस्र (singular vocative)
मिश्र (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مصر (misr), from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr), related to Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (mitsráyim). Compare Bengali মিশর (miśôr), Gujarati મિસર (misar), Punjabi ਮਿਸਰ (misar), Odia ମିଶର (miśara), Sinhalese මිසරය (misaraya).

bor+

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


पेरिस

peris (romanization)
پیرس (Urdu)
पेरिस (direct singular)
पेरिस (oblique singular)
पेरिस (singular vocative)

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


जम्मू

jammū (romanization)
جموں (Urdu)
जम्मू (direct singular)
जम्मू (oblique singular)
जम्मू (singular vocative)
जम्बू (alternative)
जंबू (alternative)

→ English: Jammu

From Sanskrit जम्बू (jambū). Traditionally considered to be named after Jambu Lochan.

Jammu (a city in India, winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir)


त्रिनिदाद और टोबैगो

hi-proper noun

ترنداد اور ٹوبیگو

त्रिनिदाद और टोबैगो • (trinidād aur ṭobaigo) m (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ترنداد اور ٹوبیگو)

trinidād aur ṭobaigo (romanization)
ترنداد اور ٹوبیگو (Urdu)

/t̪ɾɪ.nɪ.d̪ɑːd̪ ɔːɾ ʈoː.bɛː.ɡoː/

[t̪ɾɪ.nɪ.d̪äːd̪‿ɔːɾ‿ʈoː.bɛː.ɡoː]

Borrowed from English Trinidad and Tobago.

bor+

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English:_Q754

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands and several smaller islands in the Caribbean, off the coast of Venezuela)

hi:त्रिनिदाद और टोबैगो


जाफना

hi-proper noun

जाफना • (jāphnā) ?


क़तर

qatar (romanization)
قطر (Urdu)
क़तर (direct singular)
क़तर (oblique singular)
क़तर (singular vocative)
कतर (alternative)

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


मिज़ोराम

मिज़ोराम • (mizorām) m

mizorām (romanization)
मिज़ोराम (direct singular)
मिज़ोराम (oblique singular)
मिज़ोराम (singular vocative)

मिज़ोरम मिज़ोरम#Hindi

Alternative form of मिज़ोरम (mizoram): Mizoram (a state of India)


तेलंगाना

तेलंगाना • (telaṅgānā) m (Urdu spelling تلنگانہ)

telaṅgānā (romanization)
تلنگانہ (Urdu)
तेलंगाना (direct singular)
तेलंगाने (oblique singular)
तेलंगाने (singular vocative)

/t̪eː.ləŋ.ɡɑː.nɑː/

[t̪eː.lɐ̃ŋ.ɡäː.näː]

Borrowed from Telugu తెలంగాణ (telaṅgāṇa).

bor+

Telangana (a state in south-central India, created in 2014 by separation from Andhra Pradesh)


वियतनाम

hi-proper noun

वियतनाम • (viyatnām) m (Urdu spelling ویتنام)

viyatnām (romanization)
ویتنام (Urdu)
वियतनाम (direct singular)
वियतनाम (oblique singular)
वियतनाम (singular vocative)

Via English Vietnam from Vietnamese Việt Nam.


थाईलैंड

थाईलैंड • (thāīlaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling تھائی لینڈ)

thāīlaiṇḍ (romanization)
تھائی لینڈ (Urdu)
थाईलैंड (direct singular)
थाईलैंड (oblique singular)
थाईलैंड (singular vocative)

/t̪ʰɑː.iː.lɛːɳɖ/

[t̪ʰäː.iː.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]


नीदरलैंड

नीदरलैंड • (nīdarlaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling نیدرلینڈ)

nīdarlaiṇḍ (romanization)
نیدرلینڈ (Urdu)
नीदरलैंड (direct singular)
नीदरलैंड (oblique singular)
नीदरलैंड (singular vocative)
नीदरलैण्ड (alternative)

/niː.d̪əɾ.lɛːɳɖ/

[niː.d̪ɐɾ.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]

the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


हॉलैंड

हॉलैंड • (hŏlaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling ہالینڈ)

hŏlaiṇḍ (romanization)
ہالینڈ (Urdu)
हॉलैंड (direct singular)
हॉलैंड (oblique singular)
हॉलैंड (singular vocative)

Holland (a traditional region of the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


स्विट्ज़रलैंड

स्विट्ज़रलैंड • (sviṭzarlaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling سویٹزر لینڈ)

sviṭzarlaiṇḍ (romanization)
سویٹزر لینڈ (Urdu)
स्विट्ज़रलैंड (direct singular)
स्विट्ज़रलैंड (oblique singular)
स्विट्ज़रलैंड (singular vocative)
स्विट्ज़रलैण्ड (alternative)

/sʋɪʈ.zəɾ.lɛːɳɖ/

[sʋɪʈ.zɐɾ.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]

/sʋɪʈ.d͡ʒəɾ.lɛːɳɖ/

[sʋɪʈ.d͡ʒɐɾ.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


फ़िलीपींस

फ़िलीपींस • (filīpī̃s) m (Urdu spelling فلیپینس)

filīpī̃s (romanization)
فلیپینس (Urdu)
फ़िलीपींस (direct singular)
फ़िलीपींस (oblique singular)
फ़िलीपींस (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Philippines, from French, itself derived from Spanish Filipinas.

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


सिंगापुर

सिंगापुर • (siṅgāpur) m (Urdu spelling سنگاپور)

siṅgāpur (romanization)
سنگاپور (Urdu)
सिंगापुर (direct singular)
सिंगापुर (oblique singular)
सिंगापुर (singular vocative)

/sɪŋ.ɡɑː.pʊɾ/

[sɪ̃ŋ.ɡäː.pʊɾ]

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


नॉर्वे

नॉर्वे • (nŏrve) m (Urdu spelling نارْوے)

nŏrve (romanization)
نارْوے (Urdu)
नॉर्वे (direct singular)
नॉर्वे (oblique singular)
नॉर्वे (singular vocative)

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


फ़िनलैंड

फ़िनलैंड • (finlaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling فِن لَینْڈ)

finlaiṇḍ (romanization)
فِن لَینْڈ (Urdu)
फ़िनलैंड (direct singular)
फ़िनलैंड (oblique singular)
फ़िनलैंड (singular vocative)
फिनलैंड (alternative)

[fɪ̃n.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]

/pʰɪn.lɛːɳɖ/

[pʰɪ̃n.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]


कज़ाख़स्तान

कज़ाख़स्तान • (kazāxastān) m (Urdu spelling قزاقستان)

kazāxastān (romanization)
قزاقستان (Urdu)
कज़ाख़स्तान (direct singular)
कज़ाख़स्तान (oblique singular)
कज़ाख़स्तान (singular vocative)
क़ज़ाक़िस्तान (alternative)

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)

hi:कज़ाख़स्तान


मेघालय

मेघालय • (meghālay) m (Urdu spelling میگھالیہ)

meghālay (romanization)
میگھالیہ (Urdu)
मेघालय (direct singular)
मेघालय (oblique singular)
मेघालय (singular vocative)

From Sanskrit मेघालय (meghālaya), composed of मेघ (megha, “cloud”) + आलय (ālaya, “abode”).

Meghalaya (a state in northeastern India)


श्यामदेश

श्यामदेश • (śyāmdeś) m (Urdu spelling شیام دیش)

śyāmdeś (romanization)
شیام دیش (Urdu)
श्यामदेश (direct singular)
श्यामदेश (oblique singular)
श्यामदेश (singular vocative)

[ʃjä̃ːm.d̪eːʃ]

Compound of श्याम (śyām, “Siam”) + देश (deś, “country”). Influenced etymologically by Thai สยาม (sà-yǎam, “Siam”).

com+

Thailand, Siam (a country in Southeast Asia)


थाइलैंड

hi-proper noun

थाइलैंड • (thāilaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling تھائی لینڈ)

thāilaiṇḍ (romanization)
تھائی لینڈ (Urdu)
थाइलैंड (direct singular)
थाइलैंड (oblique singular)
थाइलैंड (singular vocative)

/t̪ʰɑː.ɪ.lɛːɳɖ/

[t̪ʰäː.ɪ.lɛ̃ːɳɖ]


लाओस

lāos (romanization)
لاؤس (Urdu)
लाओस (direct singular)
लाओस (oblique singular)
लाओस (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Laos, from French Laos, from Lao ລາວ (lāo).


कंबोडिया

कंबोडिया • (kamboḍiyā) m (Urdu spelling کمبوڈیا)

kamboḍiyā (romanization)
کمبوڈیا (Urdu)
कंबोडिया (direct singular)
कंबोडिया (oblique singular)
कंबोडिया (singular vocative)
कम्बोडिया (alternative)


बोसनिया हर्ज़ेगोविना

بوسنیا ہرزگووینا

बोसनिया हर्ज़ेगोविना • (bosniyā harzegovinā) m (Urdu spelling بوسنیا ہرزگووینا)

bosniyā harzegovinā (romanization)
بوسنیا ہرزگووینا (Urdu)
बोसनिया हर्ज़ेगोविना (direct singular)
बोसनिया हर्ज़ेगोविना (oblique singular)
बोसनिया हर्ज़ेगोविना (singular vocative)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)

en-बोसनिया_हर्ज़ेगोविना-hi-name-SVjhEFzJ


स्लोवेनिया

स्लोवेनिया • (sloveniyā) m (Urdu spelling سلووینیا)

sloveniyā (romanization)
سلووینیا (Urdu)
स्लोवेनिया (direct singular)
स्लोवेनिया (oblique singular)
स्लोवेनिया (singular vocative)

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


सर्बिया

सर्बिया • (sarbiyā) m (Urdu spelling سربیا)

sarbiyā (romanization)
سربیا (Urdu)
सर्बिया (direct singular)
सर्बिया (oblique singular)
सर्बिया (singular vocative)

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


रोमानिया

रोमानिया • (romāniyā) m (Urdu spelling رومانیہ)

romāniyā (romanization)
رومانیہ (Urdu)
रोमानिया (direct singular)
रोमानिया (oblique singular)
रोमानिया (singular vocative)


कलकत्ता

hi-prop

कलकत्ता • (kalkattā) m (Urdu spelling کلکتہ)

kalkattā (romanization)
کلکتہ (Urdu)
कलकत्ता (direct singular)
कलकत्ता (oblique singular)
कलकत्ते (oblique singular)
कलकत्ता (singular vocative)
कलकत्ते (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Calcutta, ultimately from Bengali কলকাতা (kolkata).

Calcutta (former name of Kolkata, the capital city of West Bengal, India)


सीरिया

hi-proper noun

सीरिया • (sīriyā) m (Urdu spelling سیریا)

sīriyā (romanization)
سیریا (Urdu)
सीरिया (direct singular)
सीरिया (oblique singular)
सीरिया (singular vocative)

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


पेशावर

पेशावर • (peśāvar) m (Urdu spelling پشاور)

peśāvar (romanization)
پشاور (Urdu)
पेशावर (direct singular)
पेशावर (oblique singular)
पेशावर (singular vocative)

/peː.ʃɑː.ʋəɾ/

[peː.ʃäː.ʋɐɾ]

Borrowed from Classical Persian پَرَشَاوَر (parašāwar), ultimately from Sanskrit पुरुषपुर (puruṣapura), from पुरुष (puruṣa) + पुर (pura).

bor+

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

Peshawar (a city in Nuristan, Afghanistan)


पटना

paṭnā (romanization)
پٹنہ (Urdu)
पटना (direct singular)
पटने (oblique singular)
पटने (singular vocative)

Unknown. Also known as पाटलिपुत्र (pāṭliputra) at one time.
Perhaps from Sanskrit पट्टन (paṭṭana, “town”), probably from Dravidian.

Patna (the capital and largest city of Bihar, India)

Patna (a district of Bihar, India, containing the city of the same name)


लातविया

hi-proper noun

लातविया • (lātviyā) m (Urdu spelling لتویا or لٹویا)

lātviyā (romanization)
لتویا (Urdu)
لٹویا (Urdu)
लातविया (direct singular)
लातविया (oblique singular)
लातविया (singular vocative)
लाटविया (alternative)

/lɑːt̪.ʋɪ.jɑː/

Latvia (a country in northeastern Europe)


लाहौर

hi-prop

लाहौर • (lāhaur) m (Urdu spelling لاہور)

lāhaur (romanization)
لاہور (Urdu)
लाहौर (direct singular)
लाहौर (oblique singular)
लाहौर (singular vocative)
लाहोर (alternative)
लहोर (alternative)
लहौर (alternative)

The origin is disputed. One theory, a legend, claims it to be from inherited from Sanskrit लव (lava, “Lava”) + पुर (pura, “fortress; city”), literally “city of Lava”. Compare Punjabi لَہَوْر (lahaur) / ਲਹੌਰ (lahaur), Gujarati લાહોર (lāhor), Marathi लाहोर (lāhor), Bengali লাহোর (lahōr). More at Etymology of Lahore.

unk

The origin is disputed

com

Lahore (a city, the provincial capital of Punjab, Pakistan)

Etymology of Lahore
Lava (Ramayana)
hi:लाहौर


आगरा

āgrā (romanization)
آگرہ (Urdu)
आगरा (direct singular)
आगरे (oblique singular)
आगरे (singular vocative)

Unknown. Compare Punjabi ਆਗਰਾ (āgarā) / آگرا (āgrā), Gujarati આગ્રા (āgrā), Marathi आग्रा (āgrā), Bengali আগ্রা (agra), Kannada ಆಗ್ರಾ (āgrā).


भुवनेश्वर

hi-proper noun

भुवनेश्वर • (bhuvneśvar) m (Urdu spelling بھونیشور)

bhuvneśvar (romanization)
بھونیشور (Urdu)
भुवनेश्वर (direct singular)
भुवनेश्वर (oblique singular)
भुवनेश्वर (singular vocative)

Bhubaneshwar (a city, the capital of Odisha, India)


औरंगाबाद

औरंगाबाद • (auraṅgābād) m (Urdu spelling اورنگ آباد)

auraṅgābād (romanization)
اورنگ آباد (Urdu)
औरंगाबाद (direct singular)
औरंगाबाद (oblique singular)
औरंगाबाद (singular vocative)

/ɔː.ɾəŋ.ɡɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɔː.ɾɐ̃ŋ.ɡäː.bäːd̪]

From औरंगज़ेब (auraṅgzeb, “Aurangzeb”) + -आबाद (-ābād).

af

Aurangabad (a city in Maharashtra, India)

Aurangabad (a city in Bihar, India)
a district of Bihar, India

a Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar, India


हस्तिनापुर

hi-proper noun

हस्तिनापुर • (hastināpur) m (Urdu spelling ہستناپور)

hastināpur (romanization)
ہستناپور (Urdu)
हस्तिनापुर (direct singular)
हस्तिनापुर (oblique singular)
हस्तिनापुर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit हस्तिनापुर (hastināpura).

bor+

Hastinapura (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


मेरठ

meraṭh (romanization)
میرٹھ (Urdu)
मेरठ (direct singular)
मेरठ (oblique singular)
मेरठ (singular vocative)

Claimed to be inherited from Sanskrit मयराष्ट्र (mayarāṣṭra), from मय (maya, “Mayasura”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra, “kingdom”).


सूरत

Borrowed from Classical Persian سورت (sūrat), from Gujarati સુરત (surat).


मौर्य

hi-proper noun

मौर्य • (maurya) m (Urdu spelling موریا)

maurya (romanization)
موریا (Urdu)
मौर्य (direct singular)
मौर्य (oblique singular)
मौर्य (singular vocative)

Maurya, Mauryan Empire (an ancient empire in present-day India, Bangladesh and Pakistan)


आलप्पुल

आलप्पुल • (ālappul) m (Urdu spelling آلاپولا)

Borrowed from Malayalam ആലപ്പുഴ (ālappuḻa).

bor+

hi:आलप्पुल ज़िला


मैसिडोनिया

hi-proper noun

मैसिडोनिया • (maisiḍoniyā) m (Urdu spelling میسڈونیا)

maisiḍoniyā (romanization)
میسڈونیا (Urdu)
मैसिडोनिया (direct singular)
मैसिडोनिया (direct plural)
मैसिडोनिया (oblique singular)
मैसिडोनियाओं (oblique plural)
मैसिडोनिया (singular vocative)
मैसिडोनियाओ (plural vocative)
मेसिडोनिया (alternative)
मैसेडोनिया (alternative)

hi:मैसिडोनिया

Macedonia (a geographic region in Southeast Europe in the Balkans, including North Macedonia and parts of Greece, Bulgaria, Albania and Serbia)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia, a country in Southeast Europe in the Balkans)

administrative region
administrative region

Macedonia (a geographic region and former administrative region of Greece)

Bulgarian Macedonia
Bulgarian Macedonia#English

Macedonia (a geographic region in southwestern Bulgaria; in full, Pirin Macedonia or Bulgarian Macedonia)

(historical) Macedonia (a former constituent republic of Yugoslavia)


लिख्टेंश्टाइन

लिख्टेंश्टाइन • (likhṭẽśṭāin) m (Urdu spelling لیختینستائن)

likhṭẽśṭāin (romanization)
لیختینستائن (Urdu)
लिख्टेंश्टाइन (direct singular)
लिख्टेंश्टाइन (oblique singular)
लिख्टेंश्टाइन (singular vocative)
लिक्टेन्स्टाइन (alternative)

/lɪkʰ.ʈẽːʃ.ʈɑː.ɪn/

[lɪkʰ.ʈẽːʃ.ʈäː.ɪ̃n]

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)

hi:लिख्टेंश्टाइन


तुर्कमेनिस्तान

तुर्कमेनिस्तान • (turkmenistān) m (Urdu spelling ترکمانستان)

turkmenistān (romanization)
ترکمانستان (Urdu)
तुर्कमेनिस्तान (direct singular)
तुर्कमेनिस्तान (oblique singular)
तुर्कमेनिस्तान (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//तुर्क्मेनिस्तान<M.sg>

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)

hi:तुर्कमेनिस्तान


ताजिकिस्तान

hi-proper noun

ताजिकिस्तान • (tājikistān) m (Urdu spelling تاجکستان)

tājikistān (romanization)
تاجکستان (Urdu)
ताजिकिस्तान (direct singular)
ताजिकिस्तान (oblique singular)
ताजिकिस्तान (singular vocative)

[t̪äː.d͡ʒɪ.kɪs.t̪ä̃ːn]

hi:ताजिकिस्तान


किर्गिज़स्तान

किर्गिज़स्तान • (kirgizastān) m (Urdu spelling کرغیزستان)

kirgizastān (romanization)
کرغیزستان (Urdu)
किर्गिज़स्तान (direct singular)
किर्गिज़स्तान (oblique singular)
किर्गिज़स्तान (singular vocative)
किर्ग़िज़स्तान (alternative)

/kɪɾ.ɡɪ.d͡ʒəs.t̪ɑːn/

[kɪɾ.ɡɪ.d͡ʒɐs.t̪ä̃ːn]

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)

hi:किर्गिज़स्तान


सउदी अरब

सउदी अरब • (saudī arab) m (Urdu spelling سعودی عرب)

saudī arab (romanization)
سعودی عرب (Urdu)
सउदी अरब (direct singular)
सउदी अरब (oblique singular)
सउदी अरब (singular vocative)
सऊदी अरब (alternative)

LL-Q1571 (mar)-Manjusha Gore-सउदी अरब.wav

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


उज़्बेकिस्तान

उज़्बेकिस्तान • (uzbekistān) m (Urdu spelling ازبکستان)

uzbekistān (romanization)
ازبکستان (Urdu)
उज़्बेकिस्तान (direct singular)
उज़्बेकिस्तान (oblique singular)
उज़्बेकिस्तान (singular vocative)

hi:उज़्बेकिस्तान


वेटिकन

वेटिकन • (veṭikan) ? (Urdu spelling ویٹیکن)

veṭikan (romanization)
ویٹیکن (Urdu)
वेटिकन (direct singular)
वेटिकन (oblique singular)
वेटिकन (singular vocative)

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


न्यूज़ीलैंड

न्यूज़ीलैंड • (nyūzīlaiṇḍ) m (Urdu spelling نیوزی لینڈ)

nyūzīlaiṇḍ (romanization)
نیوزی لینڈ (Urdu)
न्यूज़ीलैंड (direct singular)
न्यूज़ीलैंड (oblique singular)
न्यूज़ीलैंड (singular vocative)
न्यूज़ीलैण्ड (alternative)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)

hi:न्यूज़ीलैंड


पापुआ न्यू गिनी

पापुआ न्यू गिनी

پاپوا نیو گنی

पापुआ न्यू गिनी • (pāpuā nyū ginī) m (Urdu spelling پاپوا نیو گنی)

pāpuā nyū ginī (romanization)
پاپوا نیو گنی (Urdu)
पापुआ न्यू गिनी (direct singular)
पापुआ न्यू गिनी (oblique singular)
पापुआ न्यू गिनी (singular vocative)

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


विक्टोरिया

विक्टोरिया • (vikṭoriyā) ? (Urdu spelling وکٹوریہ)

hi:विक्टोरिया (ऑस्ट्रेलिया)
hi:विक्टोरिया झील
hi:विक्टोरिया, सेशाइल्स

Victoria (a state of Australia, located in the southeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1851 to 1901)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Victoria (a city, the capital of British Columbia)

Victoria (a city, the capital of Seychelles)

Victoria (the capital city of Gozo, the second-largest island of Malta)


पूर्वी तिमोर

पूर्वी तिमोर

पूर्वी तिमोर • (pūrvī timor) m

pūrvī timor (romanization)
पूर्वी तिमोर (direct singular)
पूर्वी तिमोर (oblique singular)
पूर्वी तिमोर (singular vocative)

East Timor (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)


निकारागुआ

निकारागुआ • (nikārāguā) m (Urdu spelling نکاراگوا)

nikārāguā (romanization)
نکاراگوا (Urdu)
निकारागुआ (direct singular)
निकारागुए (oblique singular)
निकारागुआ (oblique singular)
निकारागुए (singular vocative)
निकारागुआ (singular vocative)

/nɪ.kɑː.ɾɑː.ɡʊ.ɑː/

[nɪ.käː.ɾäː.ɡʊ.äː]

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


लीबिया

लीबिया • (lībiyā) m (Urdu spelling لیبیا)

lībiyā (romanization)
لیبیا (Urdu)
लीबिया (direct singular)
लीबिया (oblique singular)
लीबिया (singular vocative)


जॉर्डन

जॉर्डन • (jŏrḍan) m (Urdu spelling جارڈن)

jŏrḍan (romanization)
جارڈن (Urdu)
जॉर्डन (direct singular)
जॉर्डन (oblique singular)
जॉर्डन (singular vocative)

[d͡ʒɔɾ.ɖɐ̃n]

जॉर्डन में लोग अधिकतर अरबी बोलते हैं।

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


हिंद

hind (romanization)
ہند (Urdu)
हिंद (direct singular)
हिंद (oblique singular)
हिंद (singular vocative)
हिन्द (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian هند (hind), from Middle Persian hnd (hind), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sindʰus (“river”) or from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu, “a river, stream”). Doublet of सिंध (sindh).

der

जय हिंद!


काबुल

kābul (romanization)
کابل (Urdu)
काबुल (direct singular)
काबुल (oblique singular)
काबुल (singular vocative)

Kabul (a city, the capital city of Afghanistan)


ऋषिकेश

hi-proper noun

ऋषिकेश • (ŕṣikeś) m (Urdu spelling رشی کیش)

ŕṣikeś (romanization)
رشی کیش (Urdu)
ऋषिकेश (direct singular)
ऋषिकेश (oblique singular)
ऋषिकेश (singular vocative)

/ɾɪ.ʂɪ.keːʃ/

[ɾɪ.ʃɪ.keːʃ]

Rishikesh (a city in Uttarakhand, India)


तिरुवनंतपुरम

hi-prop

تروواننتاپورم

तिरुवनंतपुरम • (tiruvnantpuram) f (Urdu spelling تروواننتاپورم)

tiruvnantpuram (romanization)
تروواننتاپورم (Urdu)
तिरुवनंतपुरम (direct singular)
तिरुवनंतपुरम (oblique singular)
तिरुवनंतपुरम (singular vocative)

[t̪ɪ.ɾʊ.ʋɐ.nɐ̃n̪.t̪ɐ.pʊ.ɾɐ̃m]

Borrowed from Malayalam തിരുവനന്തപുരം (tiruvanantapuraṁ).

bor+

തിരുവനന്തപുരം

Thiruvananthapuram (a city in Kerala, India)

Thiruvananthapuram (a district of Kerala, India)


विशाखपट्नम

hi-proper noun

विशाखपट्नम • (viśākhpaṭnam) ? (Urdu spelling وشاکھاپٹنم)

viśākhpaṭnam (romanization)
وشاکھاپٹنم (Urdu)
विशाखापट्टनम (alternative)

/ʋɪ.ʃɑːkʰ.pəʈ.nəm/

[ʋɪ.ʃäːkʰ.pɐʈ.nɐ̃m]

Visakhapatnam (the largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India)

Visakhapatnam (a district of Andhra Pradesh, India, containing the city of the same name)


जयपुर

जयपुर • (jaypur) m (Urdu spelling جے پور)

jaypur (romanization)
جے پور (Urdu)
जयपुर (direct singular)
जयपुर (oblique singular)
जयपुर (singular vocative)

From जय (jay, “Jai Singh II”) + -पुर (-pur). Compare Gujarati જયપુર (jayapur), Marathi जयपूर (jaypūr).

Jaipur (the state capital of Rajasthan, India)

Jaipur (a district of Rajasthan, India, containing the city of the same name)


भोपाल

भोपाल • (bhopāl) m (Urdu spelling بھوپال)

bhopāl (romanization)
بھوپال (Urdu)
भोपाल (direct singular)
भोपाल (oblique singular)
भोपाल (singular vocative)

Ultimately from भोज (bhoj, “Bhoja, King of Malwa”) + पाल (pāl, “dam”).

compound

Bhopal (the state capital of Madhya Pradesh, India)

Bhopal (a district of Madhya Pradesh, India, containing the city of the same name)


म्यानमार

hi-proper noun

म्यानमार • (myānmār) m (Urdu spelling میانمار)

myānmār (romanization)
میانمار (Urdu)
म्यानमार (direct singular)
म्यानमार (oblique singular)
म्यानमार (singular vocative)
म्यान्मार (alternative)
म्याँमार (alternative)


लंदन

landan (romanization)
لندن (Urdu)
लंदन (direct singular)
लंदन (oblique singular)
लंदन (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English London, from Middle English London, from Old English Lunden, a borrowing from Latin Londīnium.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


हिंदचीन

हिंदचीन • (hindcīn) m (Urdu spelling ہندچین)

hindcīn (romanization)
ہندچین (Urdu)
हिंदचीन (direct singular)
हिंदचीन (oblique singular)
हिंदचीन (singular vocative)
हिन्दचीन (alternative)

[ɦɪ̃n̪d̪̚.t͡ʃĩːn]

हिंद (hind, “India”) + चीन (cīn, “China”). Calque of English Indochina.

compound

Indochina (a region comprising former French colonial possessions in Southeast Asia, including Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia)


हड़प्पा

hi-proper noun

हड़प्पा • (haṛappā) m (Urdu spelling ہڑپہ)

haṛappā (romanization)
ہڑپہ (Urdu)
हड़प्पा (direct singular)
हड़प्पे (oblique singular)
हड़प्पे (singular vocative)

Harappa (an archaeological site in Pakistan)


मेहरगढ़

मेहरगढ़ • (mehargaṛh) m (Urdu spelling مہر گڑھ)

mehargaṛh (romanization)
مہر گڑھ (Urdu)
मेहरगढ़ (direct singular)
मेहरगढ़ (oblique singular)
मेहरगढ़ (singular vocative)

Mehrgarh (an archaeological site in Pakistan)


शंघाई

शंघाई • (śaṅghāī) f

śaṅghāī (romanization)
शंघाई (direct singular)
शंघाई (oblique singular)
शंघाई (singular vocative)

/ʃəŋ.ɡʱɑː.iː/

[ʃɐ̃ŋ.ɡʱäː.iː]


क़ाहिरा

क़ाहिरा • (qāhirā) m (Urdu spelling قاہرہ)

qāhirā (romanization)
قاہرہ (Urdu)
क़ाहिरा (direct singular)
क़ाहिरा (oblique singular)
क़ाहिरा (singular vocative)

/qɑː.ɦɪ.ɾɑː/

[qäː.ɦɪ.ɾäː]

/kɑː.ɦɪ.ɾɑː/

[käː.ɦɪ.ɾäː]

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).

bor+

اَلْقَاهِرَة


विलायत

hi-noun

विलायत • (vilāyat) m (Urdu spelling وِلَایَت)

vilāyat (romanization)
وِلَایَت (Urdu)
विलायत (direct singular)
विलायत (direct plural)
विलायत (oblique singular)
विलायतों (oblique plural)
विलायत (singular vocative)
विलायतो (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ဘိလပ် (bhi.lap)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ولایت (wilāyat), from Arabic وِلَايَة (wilāya). Compare Bengali বিলাত (bilat), Marathi विलायत (vilāyat), Punjabi ਵਲਾਇਤ (valāita).

bor+

(obsolete) England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

(obsolete) Great Britain (a large island of the United Kingdom in Northern Europe)

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

(obsolete) United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)


ग्रेट ब्रिटेन

hi-proper noun

ग्रेट ब्रिटेन • (greṭ briṭen) m (Urdu spelling گریٹ برٹین)

greṭ briṭen (romanization)
گریٹ برٹین (Urdu)
ग्रेट ब्रिटेन (direct singular)
ग्रेट ब्रिटेन (oblique singular)
ग्रेट ब्रिटेन (singular vocative)

/ɡɾeːʈ bɾɪ.ʈeːn/

[ɡɾeːʈ‿bɾɪ.ʈẽːn]

Great Britain
Great Britain#English:_Q145

(loosely) Great Britain (the United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland)


गिनी-बिसाऊ

गिनी-बिसाऊ • (ginī-bisāū) m (Urdu spelling گنی بساؤ)

ginī-bisāū (romanization)
گنی بساؤ (Urdu)
गिनी-बिसाऊ (direct singular)
गिनी-बिसाऊ (oblique singular)
गिनी-बिसाऊ (singular vocative)

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


केप वर्डे

केप वर्डे • (kep varḍe) m (Urdu spelling کیپ ورڈی)

kep varḍe (romanization)
کیپ ورڈی (Urdu)
केप वर्डे (direct singular)
केप वर्डे (oblique singular)
केप वर्डे (singular vocative)

[keːp‿ʋɐɾ.ɖeː]

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)

hi:केप वर्डे


गिनी

ginī (romanization)
گینی (Urdu)
गिनी (direct singular)
गिनी (oblique singular)
गिनी (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English guinea and Guinea.


कार्थेज

कार्थेज • (kārthej) m

kārthej (romanization)
कार्थेज (direct singular)
कार्थेज (oblique singular)
कार्थेज (singular vocative)

/kɑːɾ.t̪ʰeːd͡ʒ/

[käːɾ.t̪ʰeːd͡ʒ]

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)


कुमाऊँ

कुमाऊँ • (kumāū̃) m

kumāū̃ (romanization)
कुमाऊँ (direct singular)
कुमाऊँ (oblique singular)
कुमाऊँ (singular vocative)

Kumaon (a division of Uttarakhand, India)


कातालोनिया

कातालोनिया • (kātāloniyā) m

kātāloniyā (romanization)
कातालोनिया (direct singular)
कातालोनिया (oblique singular)
कातालोनिया (singular vocative)

कॅटलोनिया कॅटलोनिया#Hindi

autonomous community
autonomous community

Alternative form of कॅटलोनिया (kĕṭloniyā): Catalonia (an autonomous community in northeast Spain)


बलूचिस्तान

بَلوچِسْتَان

बलूचिस्तान • (balūcistān) m (Urdu spelling بَلوچِسْتَان)

balūcistān (romanization)
بَلوچِسْتَان (Urdu)
बलूचिस्तान (direct singular)
बलूचिस्तान (oblique singular)
बलूचिस्तान (singular vocative)

ब‧लू‧चिस्‧तान

Borrowed from Classical Persian بلوچستان (balūčistān). By surface analysis, बलूच (balūc) + -इस्तान (-istān).

surf

hi:बलूचिस्तान (पाकिस्तान)


हलब

halab (romanization)
حلب (Urdu)
हलब (direct singular)
हलब (oblique singular)
हलब (singular vocative)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


अलास्का

hi-proper noun

अलास्का • (alāskā) m (Urdu spelling الاسکا)

alāskā (romanization)
الاسکا (Urdu)
अलास्का (direct singular)
अलास्का (oblique singular)
अलास्का (singular vocative)

Alaska (a state of the United States, formerly a territory)


पोर्ट ब्लेयर

पोर्ट ब्लेयर • (porṭ bleyar) m (Urdu spelling پورٹ بلیئر)

porṭ bleyar (romanization)
پورٹ بلیئر (Urdu)
पोर्ट ब्लेयर (direct singular)
पोर्ट ब्लेयर (oblique singular)
पोर्ट ब्लेयर (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Port Blair, named after Archibald Blair.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands#English

Port Blair (the capital city of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India)


यूएस

yūes (romanization)
یو ایس (Urdu)
यूएस (direct singular)
यूएस (oblique singular)
यूएस (singular vocative)

US, United States (a country in North America)


कैलिफ़ोर्निया

कैलिफ़ोर्निया • (kailiforniyā) ? (Urdu spelling کیلیفورنیا)

kailiforniyā (romanization)
کیلیفورنیا (Urdu)

California (the most populous state of the United States)


साइप्रस

साइप्रस • (sāipras) m (Urdu spelling سائپرس)

sāipras (romanization)
سائپرس (Urdu)
साइप्रस (direct singular)
साइप्रस (oblique singular)
साइप्रस (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Cyprus, from Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


त्राय

त्राय • (trāy) ?

ट्रॉय ट्रॉय#Hindi

Alternative form of ट्रॉय (ṭrŏy): Troy (an ancient city in far northwestern Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


ट्रॉय

ṭrŏy (romanization)
ٹرائے (Urdu)
त्रॉय (alternative)
त्राय (alternative)
ट्राय (alternative)

Troy (an ancient city in far northwestern Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


म्यान्मा

म्यान्मा • (myānmā) m (Urdu spelling میانما)

myānmā (romanization)
میانما (Urdu)
म्यान्मा (direct singular)
म्यान्मा (oblique singular)
म्यान्मा (singular vocative)


मालदीव

मालदीव • (māldīv) m (Urdu spelling مالدیو)

māldīv (romanization)
مالدیو (Urdu)
मालदीव (direct singular)
मालदीव (oblique singular)
मालदीव (singular vocative)

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


पटाया

पटाया • (paṭāyā) f

paṭāyā (romanization)
पटाया (direct singular)
पटाया (oblique singular)
पटाया (singular vocative)


बंगाल

hi-noun

बंगाल • (baṅgāl) m (Urdu spelling بنگال)

baṅgāl (romanization)
بنگال (Urdu)
बंगाल (direct singular)
बंगाल (direct plural)
बंगाल (oblique singular)
बंगालों (oblique plural)
बंगाल (singular vocative)
बंगालो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَنْگَال (bangāl), with itself being borrowed from Middle Bengali বাঙ্গালা (baṅgala) ultimately derived from Sanskrit वङ्ग (vaṅga), the name of the Vanga Kingdom.

bor+

(colloquial) West Bengal (a state of India)


निकोबार

hi-proper noun

निकोबार • (nikobār) m (Urdu spelling نِکوبَار)

nikobār (romanization)
نِکوبَار (Urdu)
निकोबार (direct singular)
निकोबार (oblique singular)
निकोबार (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Nicobar, from Tamil நக்கவரம் (nakkavaram).

Nicobar (a district of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India)


सेंट लूसिया

सेंट लूसिया • (seṇṭ lūsiyā) m

seṇṭ lūsiyā (romanization)
सेंट लूसिया (direct singular)
सेंट लूसिया (oblique singular)
सेंट लूसिया (singular vocative)

Saint Lucia (a country in the Caribbean)


न्यू साउथ वेल्स

نیو ساؤتھ ویلز

न्यू साउथ वेल्स • (nyū sāuth vels) m (Urdu spelling نیو ساؤتھ ویلز)

nyū sāuth vels (romanization)
نیو ساؤتھ ویلز (Urdu)
न्यू साउथ वेल्स (direct singular)
न्यू साउथ वेल्स (oblique singular)
न्यू साउथ वेल्स (singular vocative)

New South Wales
New South Wales#English:_Q3224

New South Wales (a state of Australia, located in the southeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1788 to 1901)

hi:न्यू साउथ वेल्स


शिमला

Supposedly from श्यामला (śyāmlā, “a name of Parvati”).

Shimla, Simla (the state capital of Himachal Pradesh, India)


फ़ास

Borrowed from Classical Persian فاس (fās), from Arabic فَاس (fās).


टोरंटो

hi-proper noun

टोरंटो • (ṭoraṇṭo) m (Urdu spelling ٹورانٹو)

ṭoraṇṭo (romanization)
ٹورانٹو (Urdu)
टोरंटो (direct singular)
टोरंटो (oblique singular)
टोरंटो (singular vocative)

/ʈoː.ɾəɳ.ʈoː/

[ʈoː.ɾɐ̃ɳ.ʈoː]

Borrowed from English Toronto, from Mohawk tkaronto (“where trees stand in water”).

der

Toronto (the capital city of Ontario, Canada and largest city in Canada)


ब्रज

braj (romanization)
ब्रज (direct singular)
ब्रज (oblique singular)
ब्रज (singular vocative)

Braj (a historical region of Uttar Pradesh, India)


चंपा

hi:चंपा hi:चम्पा

[t͡ʃɐ̃m.päː]

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit चम्पक (campaka), ultimately from Javanese cĕmpaka or another Indonesian language, such as Sundanese campaka, Balinese campaka, Minangkabau campagǒ, Madurese compaka, Makasar campaga, Buginese cepaga, Tombulu sampaka.


सियोल

siyol (romanization)
سیول (Urdu)
सियोल (direct singular)
सियोल (oblique singular)
सियोल (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


रामेश्वरम

hi-proper noun

रामेश्वरम • (rāmeśvaram) ?

Rameswaram (a town in Tamil Nadu, India)


ऐम्स्टर्डैम

ऐम्स्टर्डैम • (aimsṭarḍaim) m (Urdu spelling ایمسٹرڈیم)

aimsṭarḍaim (romanization)
ایمسٹرڈیم (Urdu)
ऐम्स्टर्डैम (direct singular)
ऐम्स्टर्डैम (oblique singular)
ऐम्स्टर्डैम (singular vocative)

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


ग्रोनिंगन

ग्रोनिंगन • (groniṅgan) ?


एथेंस

एथेंस • (ethẽs) ? (Urdu spelling ایتھینس)


क्योटो

क्योटो • (kyoṭo) ?

Borrowed from Japanese 京都 (kyōto, “capital city”), from Middle Chinese 京都 (kjæng-tu, “capital (of a country)”).

der

Kyoto (the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


टोक्यो

hi-proper noun

टोक्यो • (ṭokyo) ? (Urdu spelling ٹوکیو)

ṭokyo (romanization)
ٹوکیو (Urdu)
तोक्यो (alternative)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


नज्द

Borrowed from Classical Persian نجد (najd), from Arabic نَجْد (najd).


चीनी गणराज्य

hi-proper noun

चीनी गणराज्य • (cīnī gaṇrājya) m

cīnī gaṇrājya (romanization)
चीनी गणराज्य (direct singular)
चीनी गणराज्य (oblique singular)
चीनी गणराज्य (singular vocative)

/t͡ʃiː.niː ɡəɳ.ɾɑːd͡ʒ.jᵊ/

[t͡ʃiː.niː‿ɡɐ̃ɳ.ɾäːd͡ʒ.jᵊ]

Republic of China
Republic of China#English:_Q865

Republic of China (official name of Taiwan, a partly-recognized country in East Asia; the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949)


ईराक

īrāk (romanization)
عراق (Urdu)
ईराक (direct singular)
ईराक (oblique singular)
ईराक (singular vocative)
इराक़ (alternative)

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


लद्दाख़

लद्दाख़ • (laddāx) m (Urdu spelling لداخ)

laddāx (romanization)
لداخ (Urdu)
लद्दाख़ (direct singular)
लद्दाख़ (oblique singular)
लद्दाख़ (singular vocative)
लद्दाख (alternative)
लदाख (alternative)

[lɐd̪̚.d̪äːkʰ]

Borrowed from Classical Persian لداخ (ladāx), from Tibetan ལ་དྭགས (la dwags).


शूरसेन

hi-proper noun

शूरसेन • (śūrsen) f

śūrsen (romanization)
शूरसेन (direct singular)
शूरसेन (oblique singular)
शूरसेन (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शूरसेन (śūrasena).

lbor

an ancient region in modern Uttar Pradesh, India, corresponding to modern Braj and surrounding Mathura


कोंकण

hi-proper noun

कोंकण • (kõkaṇ) m

kõkaṇ (romanization)
कोंकण (direct singular)
कोंकण (oblique singular)
कोंकण (singular vocative)

From Sanskrit कोङ्कण (koṅkaṇa). Compare Gujarati કોંકણ (koṅkaṇ), Marathi कोकण (kokaṇ).

Konkan (a region in states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka, India)


झाँसी

झाँसी • (jhā̃sī) f (Urdu spelling جھانسی)

jhā̃sī (romanization)
جھانسی (Urdu)
झाँसी (direct singular)
झाँसी (oblique singular)
झाँसी (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒʱɑ̃ː.siː/

[d͡ʒʱä̃ː.siː]

खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।

c. 1940, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Jhansi ki Rani line 7

Like a man she fought, she was the Queen of Jhansi.

khūb laṛī mardānī vah to jhā̃sī vālī rānī thī.


लखनऊ

लखनऊ • (lakhnaū) m (Urdu spelling لکھنؤ)

lakhnaū (romanization)
لکھنؤ (Urdu)
लखनऊ (direct singular)
लखनऊ (oblique singular)
लखनऊ (singular vocative)

→ Marathi: लखनऊ (lakhnaū)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Sanskrit लक्ष्मणपुरी (lakṣmaṇapurī, “city of Lakshman”), or perhaps लक्ष्मणवती (lakṣmaṇavatī, “fortunate”).

der

Lucknow (the state capital of Uttar Pradesh, India)


फ़रात

farāt (romanization)
فرات (Urdu)
फरात (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian فرات (furāt), from Arabic الْفُرَات (al-furāt), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Purattu). Compare Bengali ফোরাত (forat), Punjabi ਫ਼ਰਾਤ (farāt).

bor+

नदी नदी#Hindi

(~ नदी)Euphrates (a river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf)


बम्बई

bambaī (romanization)
बम्बई (direct singular)
बम्बई (oblique singular)
बम्बई (singular vocative)

बंबई बंबई#Hindi

Alternative spelling of बंबई (bambaī): Bombay (former name of Mumbai, a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


बंबई

bambaī (romanization)
بمبئی (Urdu)
बंबई (direct singular)
बंबई (oblique singular)
बंबई (singular vocative)
बम्बई (alternative)

Bombay (former name of Mumbai, a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


पणजी

paṇjī (romanization)
پنجی (Urdu)
पणजी (direct singular)
पणजी (oblique singular)
पणजी (singular vocative)

[pɐ̃ɳ.d͡ʒiː]

Panaji (a city, the state capital of Goa, India)


जोधपुर

hi-proper noun

जोधपुर • (jodhpur) m (Urdu spelling جودھ پور)

jodhpur (romanization)
جودھ پور (Urdu)
जोधपुर (direct singular)
जोधपुर (oblique singular)
जोधपुर (singular vocative)

/d͡ʒoːd̪ʱ.pʊɾ/

From जोधा (jodhā, “Jodha of Mandore”) + -पुर (-pur).


श्रीनगर

hi-proper noun

श्रीनगर • (śrīnagar) m (Urdu spelling شرینگر)

śrīnagar (romanization)
شرینگر (Urdu)
श्रीनगर (direct singular)
श्रीनगर (oblique singular)
श्रीनगर (singular vocative)

/ʃɾiː.nə.ɡəɾ/

[ʃɾiː.nɐ.ɡɐɾ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्रीनगर (śrīnagara), from श्री (śrī) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”). Compare Urdu سری نگر (sirī nagar). By surface analysis, श्री (śrī) + -नगर (-nagar).

surf

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Srinagar (a city and district, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


अजमेर

ajmer (romanization)
اجمیر (Urdu)
अजमेर (direct singular)
अजमेर (oblique singular)
अजमेर (singular vocative)


कानपुर

hi-proper noun

कानपुर • (kānpur) m (Urdu spelling کانپور)

kānpur (romanization)
کانپور (Urdu)
कानपुर (direct singular)
कानपुर (oblique singular)
कानपुर (singular vocative)

Uncertain. Probably from कान (kān) + -पुर (-pur, “city”), with the first element descended from the name for the Kanhpuriya dynasty. The ultimate source could be Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa) or कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa). Compare also the nearby कन्नौज (kannauj, “Kannauj”).

Kanpur (a large city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


बनारस

बनारस • (banāras) f (Urdu spelling بنارس)

banāras (romanization)
بنارس (Urdu)
बनारस (direct singular)
बनारस (oblique singular)
बनारस (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit वाणारसी (vāṇārasī), a metathesized form of वाराणसी (vārāṇasī).
Alternatively, named after the legendary figure of Rājā Bānār who is said to have rebuilt the city.

metathesis

metathesized

Varanasi, Benares, Kashi (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India, sacred to Hinduism and Jainism)


ग्वालियर

hi-proper noun

ग्वालियर • (gvāliyar) m (Urdu spelling گوالیار)

gvāliyar (romanization)
گوالیار (Urdu)
ग्वालियर (direct singular)
ग्वालियर (oblique singular)
ग्वालियर (singular vocative)

/ɡʋɑː.lɪ.jəɾ/

Unknown. A legend suggests that it was named after Gwalipa by its founder, Suraj Sen. Cognate to Marathi ग्वाल्हेर (gvālher).

Gwalior (a city in Madhya Pradesh, India)


पुणे

Pune (a major city and district of Maharashtra, India)


मैसूर

मैसूर • (maisūr) ? (Urdu spelling میسور)

Mysore, Mysuru (a city in Karnataka, India)


मदुरै

मदुरै • (madurai) ? (Urdu spelling مدورئی or مدورے)

madurai (romanization)
مدورئی (Urdu)
مدورے (Urdu)

/mə.d̪ʊ.ɾɛː/

[mɐ.d̪ʊ.ɾɛː]


गुवाहाटी

गुवाहाटी • (guvāhāṭī) ? (Urdu spelling گواہاٹی)

/ɡʊ.ʋɑː.ɦɑː.ʈiː/

[ɡʊ.ʋäː.ɦäː.ʈiː]

Borrowed from Assamese গুৱাহাটী (guahati).


ज़ाग्रेब

hi-proper noun

ज़ाग्रेब • (zāgreb) ?

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


पोखरा

pokhrā (romanization)
पोखरा (direct singular)
पोखरे (oblique singular)
पोखरे (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Nepali पोखरा (pokharā), from Sanskrit पुष्कर (puṣkara).


इलाहाबाद

इलाहाबाद • (ilāhābād) m (Urdu spelling الٰہ آباد)

ilāhābād (romanization)
الٰہ آباد (Urdu)
इलाहाबाद (direct singular)
इलाहाबाद (oblique singular)
इलाहाबाद (singular vocative)

/ɪ.lɑː.ɦɑː.bɑːd̪/

[ɪ.läː.ɦäː.bäːd̪]

Borrowed from Classical Persian اللهآباد (allāh-ābād), from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh, “Allah”) + Classical Persian آباد (ābād, “city”).

bor+

Allahabad (former name of Prayagraj, a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


उत्तरकाशी

hi-proper noun

उत्तरकाशी • (uttarkāśī) f (Urdu spelling اتر کاشی)

uttarkāśī (romanization)
اتر کاشی (Urdu)
उत्तरकाशी (direct singular)
उत्तरकाशी (oblique singular)
उत्तरकाशी (singular vocative)

/ʊt̪.t̪əɾ.kɑː.ʃiː/

[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐɾ.käː.ʃiː]

From उत्तर (uttar, “northern”) + काशी (kāśī, “Kashi, a name for Varanasi”), literally “Varanasi of the North”.

compound

Uttarkashi (a city in Uttarakhand, India)


मंगोलिया

hi-proper noun

मंगोलिया • (maṅgoliyā) m (Urdu spelling منگولیا)

maṅgoliyā (romanization)
منگولیا (Urdu)
मंगोलिया (direct singular)
मंगोलिया (oblique singular)
मंगोलिया (singular vocative)

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


मोंटेनीगरो

मोंटेनीगरो • (moṇṭenīgro) m (Urdu spelling مونٹینیگرو)

moṇṭenīgro (romanization)
مونٹینیگرو (Urdu)
मोंटेनीगरो (direct singular)
मोंटेनीगरो (oblique singular)
मोंटेनीगरो (singular vocative)

hi-ndecl

//मोण्टेनीगरो<M.sg>

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)

hi:मोंटेनीगरो


ग्वाटेमाला

hi-proper noun

ग्वाटेमाला • (gvāṭemālā) m (Urdu spelling گواتیمالا)

gvāṭemālā (romanization)
گواتیمالا (Urdu)
ग्वाटेमाला (direct singular)
ग्वाटेमाला (oblique singular)
ग्वाटेमाला (singular vocative)

/ɡʋɑː.ʈeː.mɑː.lɑː/

[ɡwäː.ʈeː.mäː.läː]

Guatemala (a country in Central America)

hi:ग्वाटेमाला


ईक्वाडोर

ईक्वाडोर • (īkvāḍor) m (Urdu spelling ایکواڈور)

īkvāḍor (romanization)
ایکواڈور (Urdu)
ईक्वाडोर (direct singular)
ईक्वाडोर (oblique singular)
ईक्वाडोर (singular vocative)
इक्वेडोर (alternative)
एक्वाडोर (alternative)


हैती

haitī (romanization)
ھايتى (Urdu)
हैती (direct singular)
हैती (oblique singular)
हैती (singular vocative)


बोलीविया

बोलीविया • (bolīviyā) m (Urdu spelling بولیویا)

bolīviyā (romanization)
بولیویا (Urdu)
बोलीविया (direct singular)
बोलीविया (oblique singular)
बोलीविया (singular vocative)
बोलिविया (alternative)


होंडुरास

होंडुरास • (hoṇḍurās) m (Urdu spelling ہونڈوراس)

hoṇḍurās (romanization)
ہونڈوراس (Urdu)
होंडुरास (direct singular)
होंडुरास (oblique singular)
होंडुरास (singular vocative)

/ɦoːɳ.ɖʊ.ɾɑːs/

[ɦõːɳ.ɖʊ.ɾäːs]


पैराग्वे

पैराग्वे • (pairāgve) m (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پیراگوئے)

/pɛː.ɾɑːɡ.ʋeː/

[pɛː.ɾäːɡ.weː]


उरुग्वे

urugve (romanization)
उरुग्वे (direct singular)
उरुग्वे (oblique singular)
उरुग्वे (singular vocative)


अल साल्वाडोर

ایل سیلواڈور

अल साल्वाडोर • (al sālvāḍor) m (Urdu spelling ایل سیلواڈور)

al sālvāḍor (romanization)
ایل سیلواڈور (Urdu)
अल साल्वाडोर (direct singular)
अल साल्वाडोर (oblique singular)
अल साल्वाडोर (singular vocative)

/əl sɑːl.ʋɑː.ɖoːɾ/

[ɐl‿säːl.ʋäː.ɖoːɾ]

El Salvador (a country in Central America)

hi:अल साल्वाडोर


कोस्टा रिका

कोस्टा रिका • (kosṭā rikā) m (Urdu spelling کوسٹاریکا)

kosṭā rikā (romanization)
کوسٹاریکا (Urdu)
कोस्टा रिका (direct singular)
कोस्टा रिका (oblique singular)
कोस्टा रिका (singular vocative)

/koːs.ʈɑː ɾɪ.kɑː/

[koːs.ʈäː‿ɾɪ.käː]

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)

hi:कोस्टा रिका


पनामा

पनामा • (panāmā) m (Urdu spelling پاناما)

panāmā (romanization)
پاناما (Urdu)
पनामा (direct singular)
पनामा (oblique singular)
पनामा (singular vocative)


कोटा

koṭā (romanization)
کوٹہ (Urdu)
कोटा (direct singular)
कोटे (oblique singular)
कोटे (singular vocative)

Kota, Kotah (a city in Rajasthan, India)


करनाल

करनाल • (karnāl) m (Urdu spelling کرنال)

karnāl (romanization)
کرنال (Urdu)
करनाल (direct singular)
करनाल (oblique singular)
करनाल (singular vocative)


दमिश्क़

दमिश्क़ • (damiśq) m (Urdu spelling دمشق)

damiśq (romanization)
دمشق (Urdu)
दमिश्क़ (direct singular)
दमिश्क़ (oblique singular)
दमिश्क़ (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دمشق (damišq), from Arabic دِمَشْق (dimašq).

bor+

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


सोमालिया

hi-proper noun

सोमालिया • (somāliyā) m (Urdu spelling صومالیہ)

somāliyā (romanization)
صومالیہ (Urdu)
सोमालिया (direct singular)
सोमालिया (oblique singular)
सोमालिया (singular vocative)

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


उत्तर कोरिया

उत्तर कोरिया • (uttar koriyā) m

uttar koriyā (romanization)
उत्तर कोरिया (direct singular)
उत्तर कोरिया (oblique singular)
उत्तर कोरिया (singular vocative)

/ʊt̪.t̪əɾ koː.ɾɪ.jɑː/

[ʊt̪̚.t̪ɐɾ‿koː.ɾi.jäː]


दक्षिण कोरिया

दक्षिण कोरिया • (dakṣiṇ koriyā) m

dakṣiṇ koriyā (romanization)
दक्षिण कोरिया (direct singular)
दक्षिण कोरिया (oblique singular)
दक्षिण कोरिया (singular vocative)

/d̪ək.ʂɪɳ koː.ɾɪ.jɑː/

[d̪ɐk.ʃɪ̃ɳ‿koː.ɾi.jäː]


ब्रूनेई

ब्रूनेई • (brūneī) m

brūneī (romanization)
ब्रूनेई (direct singular)
ब्रूनेई (oblique singular)
ब्रूनेई (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Brunei, from Sanskrit वरुण (varuṇa).


बरेली

बरेली • (barelī) f (Urdu spelling بریلی)

barelī (romanization)
بریلی (Urdu)
बरेली (direct singular)
बरेली (oblique singular)
बरेली (singular vocative)

Bareilly (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


सूरीनाम

सूरीनाम • (sūrīnām) m

sūrīnām (romanization)
सूरीनाम (direct singular)
सूरीनाम (oblique singular)
सूरीनाम (singular vocative)
सुरीनाम (alternative)

Borrowed from English Suriname, from Taíno Surinen.


रांची

रांची • (rāñcī) f

rāñcī (romanization)
रांची (direct singular)
रांची (oblique singular)
रांची (singular vocative)

/ɾɑːn.t͡ʃiː/

[ɾä̃ːn.t͡ʃiː]

राँची राँची#Hindi

Alternative spelling of राँची (rā̃cī): Ranchi (a city, the state capital of Jharkhand, India)


राँची

rā̃cī (romanization)
رانچی (Urdu)
राँची (direct singular)
राँची (oblique singular)
राँची (singular vocative)
रांची (alternative)

/ɾɑ̃ː.t͡ʃiː/

[ɾä̃ː.t͡ʃiː]

Ranchi (a city, the state capital of Jharkhand, India)


ब्रिटेन

ब्रिटेन • (briṭen) m

briṭen (romanization)
ब्रिटेन (direct singular)
ब्रिटेन (oblique singular)
ब्रिटेन (singular vocative)

(loosely) Britain (the United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland)


लेबनॉन

लेबनॉन • (lebnŏn) m (Urdu spelling لبنان)

lebnŏn (romanization)
لبنان (Urdu)
लेबनॉन (direct singular)
लेबनॉन (oblique singular)
लेबनॉन (singular vocative)

लेबनान लेबनान#Hindi

Alternative form of लेबनान (lebnān): Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)