जौ

jau (romanization)
جو (Urdu)
जौ (direct singular)
जौ (direct plural)
जौ (oblique singular)
जौओं (oblique plural)
जौ (singular vocative)
जौओ (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit यव (yava), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos.


जई

jaī (romanization)
جئی (Urdu)
जई (direct singular)
जइयाँ (direct plural)
जई (oblique singular)
जइयों (oblique plural)
जई (singular vocative)
जइयो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit यविय (yáviya), यव्य (yávya, “consisting of grain”), from यव (yáva). Cognate with Bengali জই (joi).


गेहूँ

gehū̃ (romanization)
گیہوں (Urdu)
गेहूँ (direct singular)
गेहूँ (direct plural)
गेहूँ (oblique singular)
गेहुओं (oblique plural)
गेहूँ (singular vocative)
गेहुओं (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀕𑁄𑀳𑀽𑀫 (gohūma), from Sanskrit गोधूम (godhū́ma, “wheat”). Doublet of गोधूम (godhūm), a tatsama.


चावल

cāval (romanization)
چاول (Urdu)
चावल (direct singular)
चावल (direct plural)
चावल (oblique singular)
चावलों (oblique plural)
चावल (singular vocative)
चावलो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀘𑀸𑀉𑀮𑀸 (cāulā), 𑀘𑀯𑀮 (cavala), and probably of Dravidian or Dravidian origin. Compare Punjabi ਚਾਵਲ (cāval), Punjabi ਚੌਲ (caul), Sindhi چانور (cã̄uru, “grain of rice cleansed from the husk”), Sylheti ꠌꠣꠃꠟ (saul), Bengali চাল (cal), Assamese চাউল (saul), Odia ଚାଉଳ (cāuḷa), Rohingya soil. Related to Persian چلو (čelow), which was borrowed from an Indic language.

cog

Holonyms: धान (dhān), धान्य (dhānya)


मक्का

makkā (romanization)
مکہ (Urdu)
मक्का (direct singular)
मक्का (oblique singular)
मक्का (singular vocative)

hi:मक्का (शहर)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مکه (makka), from Arabic مَكَّة (makka).


अन्न

ann (romanization)
انّ (Urdu)
अन्न (direct singular)
अन्न (direct plural)
अन्न (oblique singular)
अन्नों (oblique plural)
अन्न (singular vocative)
अन्नो (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ပဲ (pai:) (semantic loan)

→ English: anna


धान्य

hi-noun

धान्य • (dhānya) m (Urdu spelling دھانیہ)

dhānya (romanization)
دھانیہ (Urdu)
धान्य (direct singular)
धान्य (direct plural)
धान्य (oblique singular)
धान्यों (oblique plural)
धान्य (singular vocative)
धान्यो (plural vocative)

[d̪ʱä̃ːɲ.jɐ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit धान्य (dhānya). Doublet of धान (dhān) and दाना (dānā).


लाई

lāī (romanization)
لائی (Urdu)
लाई (direct singular)
लाइयाँ (direct plural)
लाई (oblique singular)
लाइयों (oblique plural)
लाई (singular vocative)
लाइयो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀮𑀸𑀬 (lāya), from Sanskrit लाज (lājá).


भुट्टा

hi-noun

भुट्टा • (bhuṭṭā) m (Urdu spelling بھٹا)

bhuṭṭā (romanization)
بھٹا (Urdu)
भुट्टा (direct singular)
भुट्टे (direct plural)
भुट्टे (oblique singular)
भुट्टों (oblique plural)
भुट्टे (singular vocative)
भुट्टो (plural vocative)

→ Kumaoni: भुट्टा (bhuṭṭā)

→ Nepali: भुट्टा (bhuṭṭā)

Derived from Sanskrit भृष्ट (bhṛṣṭa), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰr̥ṣṭás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰr̥štás, from Proto-Indo-European *bhr̥ǵ-tó-s (“roasted, fried”). An aspirated -ṭh- would be expected from -ṣṭ-, but the unaspirated form is probably from conflation with the reflex of Sanskrit भृक्त (bhṛkta). Cognate with Nepali भुट्नु (bhuṭnu, “to fry, roast”), Bengali ভুট্টা (bhuṭṭa).
Originally meant any fried or roasted foodstuff in Indo-Aryan languages, only near-universally changing to mean maize or corn after the colonial introduction of the plant (compare the similar development in आलू (ālū, “potato”)).


अनाज

anāj (romanization)
اناج (Urdu)
अनाज (direct singular)
अनाज (direct plural)
अनाज (oblique singular)
अनाजों (oblique plural)
अनाज (singular vocative)
अनाजो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit अन्नाद्य (annādya, “food”), from अन्न (anna) + अद्य (adya).


कोदो

kodo (romanization)
کودو (Urdu)
कोदो (direct singular)
कोदो (direct plural)
कोदो (oblique singular)
कोदों (oblique plural)
कोदो (singular vocative)
कोदो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit कोद्रव (kodrava).

कोदो से आटा बनाया जाता है।


गोधूम

godhūm (romanization)
गोधूम (direct singular)
गोधूम (direct plural)
गोधूम (oblique singular)
गोधूमों (oblique plural)
गोधूम (singular vocative)
गोधूमो (plural vocative)

[ɡoː.d̪ʱũːm]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गोधूम (godhūma). Doublet of गेहूँ (gehū̃), a tadbhava.


बाजरा

hi-noun

बाजरा • (bājrā) m (Urdu spelling باجرا or باجرہ)

bājrā (romanization)
باجرا (Urdu)
باجرہ (Urdu)
बाजरा (direct singular)
बाजरे (direct plural)
बाजरे (oblique singular)
बाजरों (oblique plural)
बाजरे (singular vocative)
बाजरो (plural vocative)

→ English: bajra

/bɑːd͡ʒ.ɾɑː/

[bäːd͡ʒ.ɾäː]

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀩𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭 (*bajjara), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭 (*bājjara).

inh+

Pennisetum glaucum
Pennisetum glaucum#Translingual


ज्वार

jvār (romanization)
جوار (Urdu)
ज्वार (direct singular)
ज्वार (direct plural)
ज्वार (oblique singular)
ज्वारों (oblique plural)
ज्वार (singular vocative)
ज्वारो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit यव (yava, “speed”) + चार (cāra, “movement”). Cognate with Bengali জোয়ার (jōẇar)


रागी

rāgī (romanization)
راگی (Urdu)
रागी (direct singular)
रागियाँ (direct plural)
रागी (oblique singular)
रागियों (oblique plural)
रागी (singular vocative)
रागियो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit रागी (rāgī).

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana#Translingual


कँगनी

hi-noun

कँगनी • (kaṅgnī) f (Urdu spelling کنگنی)

kaṅgnī (romanization)
کنگنی (Urdu)
कँगनी (direct singular)
कँगनियाँ (direct plural)
कँगनी (oblique singular)
कँगनियों (oblique plural)
कँगनी (singular vocative)
कँगनियो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit कङ्गुनी (kaṅgunī).

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual


कुटकी

kuṭkī (romanization)
کٹکی (Urdu)
कुटकी (direct singular)
कुटकियाँ (direct plural)
कुटकी (oblique singular)
कुटकियों (oblique plural)
कुटकी (singular vocative)
कुटकियो (plural vocative)

Perhaps from Sanskrit कुटक (kuṭaka, “kind of tree”), कुटका (kuṭkā) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-). Cognate with Punjabi ਕੁਟਕੀ (kuṭkī).


मकई

makaī (romanization)
مکئی (Urdu)
मकई (direct singular)
मकइयाँ (direct plural)
मकई (oblique singular)
मकइयों (oblique plural)
मकई (singular vocative)
मकइयो (plural vocative)

From a feminine form of Sanskrit मर्कक (markaka); see Hindi मक्का (makkā).

मक्का मक्का#Hindi


चेना

cenā (romanization)
چینا (Urdu)
चेना (direct singular)
चेने (direct plural)
चेने (oblique singular)
चेनों (oblique plural)
चेने (singular vocative)
चेनो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀘𑀻𑀡𑀕 (*cīṇaga), from Sanskrit चीनक (cīnaka), from चीन (cīna).

inh+

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual


जुनहार

hi-noun

जुनहार • (junhār) m (Urdu spelling جنہار)

junhār (romanization)
جنہار (Urdu)
जुनहार (direct singular)
जुनहार (direct plural)
जुनहार (oblique singular)
जुनहारों (oblique plural)
जुनहार (singular vocative)
जुनहारो (plural vocative)

/d͡ʒʊn.ɦɑːɾ/

[d͡ʒʊ̃n.ɦäːɾ]

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀆 (joṇṇāliā), from Sanskrit यवनाल (yavanāla), योनल (yonala), perhaps from यवन (yavana, “foreign; Greek”) but more likely related to यव (yava, “barley”).

inh+

ज्वार ज्वार#Hindi


मड़ुआ

maṛuā (romanization)
مڑؤا (Urdu)
मड़ुआ (direct singular)
मड़ुए (direct plural)
मड़ुए (oblique singular)
मड़ुओं (oblique plural)
मड़ुए (singular vocative)
मड़ुओ (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀫𑀟𑀕 (*maḍaga), from Sanskrit मडक (maḍaka), मट्टक (maṭṭaka).


चबेना

cabenā (romanization)
चबेना (direct singular)
चबेने (direct plural)
चबेने (oblique singular)
चबेनों (oblique plural)
चबेने (singular vocative)
चबेनो (plural vocative)

chabena, chabaina (kind of toasted cereal or grain often eaten as a snack)


सत्तू

hi-noun

सत्तू • (sattū) m (Urdu spelling سَتُّو)

sattū (romanization)
سَتُّو (Urdu)
सत्तू (direct singular)
सत्तू (direct plural)
सत्तू (oblique singular)
सत्तुओं (oblique plural)
सत्तू (singular vocative)
सत्तुओ (plural vocative)

→ English: sattu

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼 (sattu), from Sanskrit सक्तु (sáktu).

sattu (kind of flour made from ground pulses and cereals)