आलू

ālū (romanization)
آلو (Urdu)
आलू (direct singular)
आलू (direct plural)
आलू (oblique singular)
आलुओं (oblique plural)
आलू (singular vocative)
आलुओ (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian آلو (ālū).


बादाम

bādām (romanization)
بادام (Urdu)
बादाम (direct singular)
बादाम (direct plural)
बादाम (oblique singular)
बादामों (oblique plural)
बादाम (singular vocative)
बादामो (plural vocative)

[bäː.d̪ä̃ːm]

Borrowed from Classical Persian بادام (bādām, “almond”), from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭠𐭣𐭠𐭬 (wʾtʾm /wādām/). Cognate with Bengali বাদাম (badam), Gujarati બદામ (badām), Kannada ಬಾದಾಮಿ (bādāmi), Kashmiri बादाम (bādām) / بادام (bādām), Malayalam ബദാം (badāṁ), Marathi बदाम (badām), Nepali बदाम् (badām), Odia ବାଦାମ (bādāma), Punjabi ਬਦਾਮ (badām), Telugu బాదం (bādaṁ)


ज़ैतून

hi-noun

ज़ैतून • (zaitūn) m (Urdu spelling زیتون)

zaitūn (romanization)
زیتون (Urdu)
ज़ैतून (direct singular)
ज़ैतून (direct plural)
ज़ैतून (oblique singular)
ज़ैतूनों (oblique plural)
ज़ैतून (singular vocative)
ज़ैतूनो (plural vocative)

[d͡ʒɛː.t̪ũːn]

Borrowed from Arabic زَيْتُون (zaytūn). Compare Gujarati જેતૂન (jetūn), Punjabi ਜੈਤੂਨ (jaitūn).


उड़द

uṛad (romanization)
اڑد (Urdu)
उड़द (direct singular)
उड़द (direct plural)
उड़द (oblique singular)
उड़दों (oblique plural)
उड़द (singular vocative)
उड़दो (plural vocative)

→ English: urad

→ French: urd

→ German: Urdbohne

→ Russian: урд (urd)

→ Ukrainian: урад (urad)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *uẓuntuder.?
Prakrit 𑀉𑀟𑀺𑀤 (uḍida)
Hindi उड़द (uṛad)
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀉𑀟𑀺𑀤 (uḍida), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *uẓuntu.


चना

canā (romanization)
چنا (Urdu)
चना (direct singular)
चने (direct plural)
चने (oblique singular)
चनों (oblique plural)
चने (singular vocative)
चनो (plural vocative)

→ English: chana

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀘𑀡𑀕 (caṇaga), 𑀘𑀡 (caṇa), from Sanskrit चण (caṇa).

inh+

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum#Translingual


आड़ू

āṛū (romanization)
آڑو (Urdu)
आड़ू (direct singular)
आड़ू (direct plural)
आड़ू (oblique singular)
आड़ुओं (oblique plural)
आड़ू (singular vocative)
आड़ुओ (plural vocative)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀆𑀟𑀼- (*āḍu-), perhaps from Iranian. Cognate to Punjabi ਆੜੂ (āṛū), Sindhi آڙو.


दारचीनी

hi-noun

दारचीनी • (dārcīnī) f (Urdu spelling دارچینی)

dārcīnī (romanization)
دارچینی (Urdu)
दारचीनी (direct singular)
दारचीनियाँ (direct plural)
दारचीनी (oblique singular)
दारचीनियों (oblique plural)
दारचीनी (singular vocative)
दारचीनियो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دارچین (dārčīn). Cognate with Bengali দারচিনি (darcini). Also see चीनी (cīnī, “sugar”).


दाल

dāl (romanization)
دال (Urdu)
दाल (direct singular)
दालें (direct plural)
दाल (oblique singular)
दालों (oblique plural)
दाल (singular vocative)
दालो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀸𑀮𑀻 (dālī), from Sanskrit दाल (dāla), itself from दलति (dalati, “he splits”); see दल् (dal, “to split, burst”). Cognate with Braj दारि (dāri), Marathi डाळ (ḍāḷ).


मूँग

mūṅg (romanization)
مونگ (Urdu)
मूँग (direct singular)
मूँग (direct plural)
मूँग (oblique singular)
मूँगों (oblique plural)
मूँग (singular vocative)
मूँगो (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá)
Prakrit 𑀫𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕 (mugga)
Hindi मूँग (mūṅg)Inherited from Prakrit 𑀫𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀕 (mugga), from Sanskrit मु॒द्ग (mudgá). Doublet of मुद्ग (mudg), a tatsama. Cognate with Gujarati મગ (mag), Marathi मूग (mūg).

etymon

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual


अरहर

arhar (romanization)
अरहर (direct singular)
अरहरें (direct plural)
अरहर (oblique singular)
अरहरों (oblique plural)
अरहर (singular vocative)
अरहरो (plural vocative)

अरहर की दाल


काबुली चना

hi-noun

काबुली चना • (kābulī canā) m

kābulī canā (romanization)
काबुली चना (direct singular)
काबुली चने (direct plural)
काबुली चने (oblique singular)
काबुली चनों (oblique plural)
काबुली चने (singular vocative)
काबुली चनो (plural vocative)


खैर

khair (romanization)
खैर (direct singular)
खैर (direct plural)
खैर (oblique singular)
खैरों (oblique plural)
खैर (singular vocative)
खैरो (plural vocative)

→ English: khair


चमेली

चमेली • (camelī) f (Urdu spelling چمیلی)

camelī (romanization)
چمیلی (Urdu)
चमेली (direct singular)
चमेलियाँ (direct plural)
चमेली (oblique singular)
चमेलियों (oblique plural)
चमेली (singular vocative)
चमेलियो (plural vocative)

desc

→ Pashto: چمبېلی

→ Pashto: چمبېلی

→ English: chameli

Inherited from Sanskrit *चम्पवेल्लि (campavelli). Cognate with Punjabi ਚੰਬੇਲੀ (cambelī), Bengali চামেলি (cameli).

inh+

Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasminum grandiflorum#Translingual

Spanish jasmine, Jasminum grandiflorum (plant and flower)


कीकर

kīkar (romanization)
کِیکَر (Urdu)
कीकर (direct singular)
कीकर (direct plural)
कीकर (oblique singular)
कीकरों (oblique plural)
कीकर (singular vocative)
कीकरो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀓𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭 (*kikkara). Cognate with Punjabi ਕਿੱਕਰ (kikkar). Related to Sanskrit किङ्किराल (kiṅkirāla). Ultimately, from the same substrate as बबूल.

the babul tree, Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica


गिलास

gilās (romanization)
گیلاس (Urdu)
गिलास (direct singular)
गिलास (direct plural)
गिलास (oblique singular)
गिलासों (oblique plural)
गिलास (singular vocative)
गिलासो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian گِیلَاس (gīlās), ultimately from Ancient Greek κερᾰ́σῐον (kerásion).


बेल

bel (romanization)
बेल (direct singular)
बेल (direct plural)
बेल (oblique singular)
बेलों (oblique plural)
बेल (singular vocative)
बेलो (plural vocative)

→ English: bael, bel

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀩𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮 (bĕlla), from Sanskrit बैल्व (bailva), vṛddhi derivative of बिल्व (bilva) (cf. Bengali বেল (bel)).

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

bael fruit tree, bel, Bengal quince (Aegle marmelos)


अजवाइन

hi-noun

अजवाइन • (ajvāin) f (Urdu spelling اجوائن)

ajvāin (romanization)
اجوائن (Urdu)
अजवाइन (direct singular)
अजवाइनें (direct plural)
अजवाइन (oblique singular)
अजवाइनों (oblique plural)
अजवाइन (singular vocative)
अजवाइनो (plural vocative)

→ English: ajwain

/əd͡ʒ.ʋɑː.ɪn/

[ɐd͡ʒ.ʋäː.ɪ̃n]

Inherited from Sanskrit यवानी (yavānī́). Cognate to Nepali ज्वानो (jvāno), Punjabi ਜਮਾਇਣ (jamāiṇa), ਜਵੈਣ (javaiṇ), Bengali জোয়ান (jōẇan).

Trachyspermum ammi
Trachyspermum ammi#Translingual

ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), or its seeds


बेसन

besan (romanization)
بیسن (Urdu)
बेसन (direct singular)
बेसन (direct plural)
बेसन (oblique singular)
बेसनों (oblique plural)
बेसन (singular vocative)
बेसनो (plural vocative)

→ English: besan (learned)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀡 (vesaṇa), from Sanskrit वेसन (vesana).


दलहन

dalhan (romanization)
दलहन (direct singular)
दलहन (direct plural)
दलहन (oblique singular)
दलहनों (oblique plural)
दलहन (singular vocative)
दलहनो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit *दालधान्य (dāladhānya).


करौंदा

hi-noun

करौंदा • (karaundā) m (Urdu spelling کروندا)

karaundā (romanization)
کروندا (Urdu)
करौंदा (direct singular)
करौंदे (direct plural)
करौंदे (oblique singular)
करौंदों (oblique plural)
करौंदे (singular vocative)
करौंदो (plural vocative)

/kə.ɾɔːn.d̪ɑː/

[kɐ.ɾɔ̃ːn̪.d̪äː]

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀓𑀭𑀯𑀁𑀤 (*karavaṃda), 𑀓𑀭𑀫𑀁𑀤 (karamaṃda), 𑀓𑀭𑀫𑀤𑁆𑀤 (karamadda), from Sanskrit करमर्द (karamarda).

inh+

the shrub Carissa carandas or its flower


मक्खनफल

hi-noun

मक्खनफल • (makkhanphal) m (Urdu spelling مکھن پھل)

makkhanphal (romanization)
مکھن پھل (Urdu)
मक्खनफल (direct singular)
मक्खनफल (direct plural)
मक्खनफल (oblique singular)
मक्खनफलों (oblique plural)
मक्खनफल (singular vocative)
मक्खनफलो (plural vocative)

From मक्खन (makkhan, “butter”) + फल (phal, “fruit”).


लोबिया

hi-noun

लोबिया • (lobiyā) m (Urdu spelling لوبیا)

lobiyā (romanization)
لوبیا (Urdu)
लोबिया (direct singular)
लोबिए (direct plural)
लोबिये (direct plural)
लोबिए (oblique singular)
लोबिये (oblique singular)
लोबियों (oblique plural)
लोबिए (singular vocative)
लोबिये (singular vocative)
लोबियो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian لوبیا (lōbiyā), from Ancient Greek λόβια (lóbia), ultimately from Sumerian. Cognate with Punjabi ਲੋਬੀਆ (lobīā).

bor+

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual

cowpea, black-eyed pea, Vigna unguiculata


छोला

cholā (romanization)
छोला (direct singular)
छोले (direct plural)
छोले (oblique singular)
छोलों (oblique plural)
छोले (singular vocative)
छोलो (plural vocative)

/t͡ʃʰoː.lɑː/

[t͡ʃʰoː.läː]

garbanzo bean, chickpea (Cicer arietinum)


चेरी

cerī (romanization)
چیری (Urdu)
चेरी (direct singular)
चेरियाँ (direct plural)
चेरी (oblique singular)
चेरियों (oblique plural)
चेरी (singular vocative)
चेरियो (plural vocative)


बबूल

babūl (romanization)
ببول (Urdu)
बबूल (direct singular)
बबूल (direct plural)
बबूल (oblique singular)
बबूलों (oblique plural)
बबूल (singular vocative)
बबूलो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀩𑀩𑁆𑀩𑀽𑀮 (babbūla), from Sanskrit बब्बूल (babbūla). The similarity of synonymous forms such as वर्वूर, वव्वूल make substrate origin likely.


इसबग़ोल

hi-noun

इसबग़ोल • (isbaġol) m (Urdu spelling اسبغول)

isbaġol (romanization)
اسبغول (Urdu)
इसबग़ोल (direct singular)
इसबग़ोल (direct plural)
इसबग़ोल (oblique singular)
इसबग़ोलों (oblique plural)
इसबग़ोल (singular vocative)
इसबग़ोलो (plural vocative)

hi-ndecl

//इसब*ग़ोल<M>

Borrowed from Classical Persian اسبغول (isbağōl).


परुषा

hi-noun

परुषा • (paruṣā) ?


परुषक

paruṣak (romanization)
परुषक (direct singular)
परुषक (direct plural)
परुषक (oblique singular)
परुषकों (oblique plural)
परुषक (singular vocative)
परुषको (plural vocative)


बिल्व

bilv (romanization)
बिल्व (direct singular)
बिल्व (direct plural)
बिल्व (oblique singular)
बिल्वों (oblique plural)
बिल्व (singular vocative)
बिल्वो (plural vocative)


दाड़िम

दाड़िम • (dāṛim) m (Urdu spelling دَاڑِم)

dāṛim (romanization)
دَاڑِم (Urdu)
दाड़िम (direct singular)
दाड़िम (direct plural)
दाड़िम (oblique singular)
दाड़िमों (oblique plural)
दाड़िम (singular vocative)
दाड़िमो (plural vocative)


ग्वार

gvār (romanization)
گوار (Urdu)
ग्वार (direct singular)
ग्वारें (direct plural)
ग्वार (oblique singular)
ग्वारों (oblique plural)
ग्वार (singular vocative)
ग्वारो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀕𑁄𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀻 (govālī), from Sanskrit गोपाली (gopālī, “kind of cucumber”).


नेत्रोपम

netropam (romanization)
नेत्रोपम (direct singular)
नेत्रोपम (direct plural)
नेत्रोपम (oblique singular)
नेत्रोपमों (oblique plural)
नेत्रोपम (singular vocative)
नेत्रोपमो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नेत्रोपम (netropama). By surface analysis, नेत्र (netra) + उपम (upam).


चीकू

Borrowed from Spanish chicozapote, from Nahuatl xīcohtzapotl, probably through coastal intermediary languages. Cognate with Bhojpuri चीकू (cīkū), Punjabi ਚੀਕੂ (cīkū), Gujarati ચીકુ (cīku), Marathi चिक्कू (cikkū), Malay ciku.

Manilkara zapota
Manilkara zapota#Translingual


फ़ालसा

hi-noun

फ़ालसा • (fālsā) m (Urdu spelling فالسہ)

fālsā (romanization)
فالسہ (Urdu)
फ़ालसा (direct singular)
फ़ालसे (direct plural)
फ़ालसे (oblique singular)
फ़ालसों (oblique plural)
फ़ालसे (singular vocative)
फ़ालसो (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sanskrit परूषक (parūṣaka). Compare Pali phārusaka, Bengali ফলসা (pholśa).


काग़ज़ी नींबू

hi-noun

काग़ज़ी नींबू

काग़ज़ी नींबू • (kāġzī nīmbū) m

Compound of काग़ज़ी (kāġzī) + नींबू (nīmbū), literally “papery lemon”, for its thin, easily tearable rind.

com

Citrus × aurantiifolia, Key lime
(specifically) the kagzi cultivar

Citrus × aurantiifolia, Key lime
the kagzi cultivar


चिलग़ोज़ा

hi-noun

चिलग़ोज़ा • (cilġozā) m (Urdu spelling چِلْغوزَہ)

/t͡ʃɪl.ɡoː.d͡ʒɑː/

[t͡ʃɪl.ɡoː.d͡ʒäː]

PIE word
 *kʷétwr̥dḱomt
Borrowed from Classical Persian چلغوزه (čilğōza) (compare Prakrit 𑀘𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (cilla)). Compare Punjabi ਚਿਲਗੋਜ਼ਾ (cilgozā) / چِلغوزَہ (cilġozah), Sindhi چلْغوزو / चिल्ग़ोज़ो.

cog

Sindhi چلْغوزو


बेदीना

hi-noun

बेदीना • (bedīnā) ?


सिमसिम

सिमसिम • (simsim) m (Urdu spelling سمسم)

Borrowed from Classical Persian سمسم (simsim), from Arabic سمسم (simsim).

bor+

खुल जा सिमसिम


मोठ

moṭh (romanization)
موٹھ (Urdu)
मोठ (direct singular)
मोठ (direct plural)
मोठ (oblique singular)
मोठों (oblique plural)
मोठ (singular vocative)
मोठो (plural vocative)

→ English: moth bean

Etymology tree
Prakrit *𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha)
Hindi मोठ (moṭh)
Inherited from Prakrit *𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (*mŏṭṭha). Compare Sanskrit मुकुष्ठ (mukuṣṭha, “kind of bean”) (probably a Sanskritisation of the Prakrit term).


अमलतास

amaltās (romanization)
अमलतास (direct singular)
अमलतास (direct plural)
अमलतास (oblique singular)
अमलतासों (oblique plural)
अमलतास (singular vocative)
अमलतासो (plural vocative)

→ English: amaltas

Unknown. Cognate with Punjabi ਅਮਲਤਾਸ (amaltās).

Cassia fistula
Cassia fistula#Translingual


कूँच

kū̃c (romanization)
کُون٘چ (Urdu)
कूँच (direct singular)
कूँच (direct plural)
कूँच (oblique singular)
कूँचों (oblique plural)
कूँच (singular vocative)
कूँचो (plural vocative)

Derived from Sanskrit *कुञ्च (kuñca), whence कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā, “Abrus precatorius”). Related to कुंजी (kuñjī) and गुंजा (guñjā).

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual

jequirity bean, rosary pea, crab's eye (Abrus precatorius)


बिजौरा

bijaurā (romanization)
बिजौरा (direct singular)
बिजौरे (direct plural)
बिजौरे (oblique singular)
बिजौरों (oblique plural)
बिजौरे (singular vocative)
बिजौरो (plural vocative)

/bɪ.d͡ʒɔː.ɾɑː/

[bɪ.d͡ʒɔː.ɾäː]

From Prakrit 𑀩𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀊𑀭𑀅 (bijjaūraa), from Sanskrit बीजपूरक (bījapūraka, “citron”, literally “seed-filled”), from बीज (bīja) + पूरक (pūraka).

inh

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


मातुलुंग

hi-noun

मातुलुंग • (mātuluṅg) m

mātuluṅg (romanization)
मातुलुंग (direct singular)
मातुलुंग (direct plural)
मातुलुंग (oblique singular)
मातुलुंगों (oblique plural)
मातुलुंग (singular vocative)
मातुलुंगो (plural vocative)

/mɑː.t̪ʊ.lʊŋɡ/

[mäː.t̪ʊ.lʊ̃ŋɡ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit मातुलुङ्ग (mātuluṅga). Cognate with Marathi मातुळुंग (mātuḷuṅga).