abay

hil-verb

abáy (diminutive abáy-abáy, causative paabáy, frequentative abáy-abáy)

abáy (canonical)
abáy-abáy (diminutive)
paabáy (causative)
abáy-abáy (frequentative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *abay.


abut

abút (canonical)
abút-abút (frequentative)


tao

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau, Proto-Austronesian *Cau.


tao

(Hiniráya, Binukídnon) to give; to donate; to make a present of


bayad

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bayaD, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaD.


kami

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.


bulan

From Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)

month (period into which a year is divided)


kita

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.


kita

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kita, from Proto-Austronesian *kita.


daan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan (“old”), from Proto-Austronesian *daqaN.


ini

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.


daku

a copper coin that is now out of circulation


anak

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


gasolina

gasoline (US, Canada); petrol (Australia, UK)


gasolina

to refuel with gasoline/petrol; to gas up


abusar

to misuse or abuse, to take advantage of


ilo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu. Compare Cebuano ilo.


asin

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qasiN.


abo

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


abo

a type of small fish that is said to be lazy


abo

an exclamation that denotes aversion, contempt, or negation, equivalent to fie


abat

hil-verb

abat (diminutive abát-ábat, causative paábat, frequentative abát-ábat)

abát-ábat (diminutive)
paábat (causative)
abát-ábat (frequentative)


distrito

Borrowed from Spanish distrito, from Latin districtus, from distringĕre.


lima

From Proto-Philippine *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


amo

From Greater Central Proto-Philippine *amúʔ. Compare Cebuano amo (“monkey”), Cuyunon amoy (“small monkey”), Tagalog amo (“small monkey”) and Tausug amu'.


ulan

From Proto-Philippine *qudán, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan. Compare Malay hujan.


apat

From Proto-Bisayan *apat, from Proto-Central Philippine *a-əpat, from Proto-Philippine *a-əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sa-Səpat.


tatlo

From Proto-Bisayan *tatlu, from Proto-Central Philippine *tatlu, from Proto-Philippine *tatlu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta-təlu, from Proto-Austronesian *ta-təlu.


walo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *walu, from Proto-Austronesian *walu.


siyam

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.


isa

From Proto-Bisayan *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Central Philippine *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Philippine *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa.


Setyembre

Borrowed from Spanish setiembre, variant of septiembre.


Pebrero

Borrowed from Spanish febrero (“February”).


pito

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu.


adlaw

From Proto-Bisayan *qadlaw, from Proto-Central Philippine *qaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


-um-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.


basa

Borrowed from Malay baca, from Sanskrit वाचा (vācā).


kalis

Borrowed from Spanish cáliz, from Latin calix, calicis.


kalis

kalis; double-edged sword often with a wavy section resembling the blade of a kris


kalis

to even out, especially in measuring out grain


primo

Borrowed from Spanish primo, from Latin (consobrinus) primus.

male cousin (of any degree of cousinhood)


Delgado

From Spanish Delgado. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a common surname from Spanish, widespread in Negros Occidental and Iloilo


tanga

From Hokkien 蟲仔／虫仔 (thâng-á, “little vermin, insect, bug, animal”).


tanga

From Proto-Philippine *taŋa (“to gape stupidly; to gawk”), from Proto-Austronesian *taŋa (“to open wide”).


mata

From Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


taas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas, from Proto-Austronesian *aCas (compare Aklanon taas, Cebuano taas, Indonesian atas, Malay atas, and Tagalog taas).


arpa

Borrowed from Spanish arpa. Cognate of Tagalog alpa.


kaon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

inh+

Kaon ta!


bodega

From Spanish bodega, from Latin apothēca, from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē).


okra

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual


Garcia

From Spanish García, possibly of Basque origin. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


bugas

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.


atop

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp. Compare Malay atap, Tagalog atip, Tausug atup, Rungus ta'ap, Tambunan Dusun ta'ap, Lotud ta'ap and Kimaragang ta'ap.


buta

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buta, from Proto-Austronesian *buCa.


apo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).


libo

From Proto-Philippine *ʀibu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀibu.


mangga

From Malay mangga, from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa), from മാവ് (māvŭ, “mango species”) + കായ (kāya, “unripe fruit”), or from another Dravidian source.


ulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *quluh.


kilat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


tangis

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *taŋis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋis, from Proto-Austronesian *Caŋis.


bibig

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bibiʀ.


baboy

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy.


langit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC.


manok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


bago

From Proto-Bisayan *bagqu, from Proto-Central Philippine *baqgu, from Proto-Philippine *baqʀu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh. Doublet of bag-o.


tubig

From Proto-Bisayan *tubig, from Proto-Central Philippine *tubig, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *tubig.


matay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(m-)atay (“die; dead; sick; tired (of)”), from Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“die; dead; eclipse of sun or moon”), from Proto-Austronesian *aCay (“death”).


kuto

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.


bato

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu (compare Cebuano bato, Fijian vatu, Hawaiian haku, Ilocano bato, Indonesian batu, Kapampangan batu, Malagasy vato, Malay batu, Maori whatu, Sundanese batu, Tagalog bato).


bato

a piece of anything that is round or cubic in shape


Aragon

From Spanish Aragón, toponymic surname for someone from the kingdom of Aragon. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Aragón, mostly found in Negros Oriental


balo

From Proto-Philippine *balu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balu.


wala

From Proto-Bisayan *wadaq, from Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (“to be, exist”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.


wala

forgive, forget the wrongdoings of another


wala

left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)


Negros

From Spanish Negros, from negro, negros, after the indigenous Negrito population of the island.


ngaa

Ngaa indi ka magkadto?


baga

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah.


barangay

From older balangay; a type of wooden watercraft used by a group of Austronesian people when they migrated to the Philippines.

the smallest local government unit in the Philippines, a subdivision of a city or municipality


abunda

Borrowed from Spanish abundar or abundante.


adorno

adornment, decoration, embellishment, ornamentation


adorno

to adorn, decorate, embellish, or ornament


bata

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataq, from Proto-Austronesian *bataq.


suba

From Proto-Bisayan *subaq. Akin to Cebuano suba and Surigaonon suba.


wayang

open plain, extensive grounds in a broad valley, or the like


hapon

From Proto-Philippine *hapun (“to roost”).


bilog

bilóg (canonical)
bilóg-bilóg (diminutive)


bukid

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Austronesian *bukij (compare Fijian buke (“hill”), Indonesian bukit (“hill”), Malay bukit (“hill”), Maori puke (“hill”), Waray-Waray bukid).


bulag

From Proto-Philippine *bulaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulaʀ.


dagat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”).


anum

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


hima

hima kag kalayo


tagna

Borrowed from Sanskrit लग्न (lagna, “horoscope”). See Cebuano tagna.


bao

(vehicles, automotive, slang) Volkswagen Beetle


indi

Possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hediq. Compare Tagalog hindi.


lala

to strip; to separate (meat from the bone)


asilo

From Spanish asilo, from Latin asylum, from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon).


pahat

hil-verb

pahat (diminutive pahát-páhat, frequentative pahát-páhat)

pahát-páhat (diminutive)
pahát-páhat (frequentative)


dosis

Borrowed from Spanish dosis, from Late Latin dosis, from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), from Proto-Hellenic *dótis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis.


alam

Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).


arina

May nina ang arina.


init

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qinit (“heat of the sun; hot”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qinit.


paalam

Paálam na.


abak

hil-verb

ábak (diminutive abák-abák, frequentative abák-abák)

ábak (canonical)
abák-abák (diminutive)
abák-abák (frequentative)


namit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamit


mamaw

Cognate with Tagalog mamaw (“monster; talented; intelligent”) and Cebuano mamaw (“monster; devil; demon”).


dugo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“juice; sap”).


abri

to open (as a window), unlock (as a gate), or turn on (as a stove)


ilong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, *ujuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *mujiŋ.


kabayo

Borrowed from Spanish caballo, from Latin caballus.


kutsara

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”).


kamo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu


gunting

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese [Term?], according to Blust (2010-2020).


hangin

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin.


aduana

customs (office that taxes imported goods)


iya

ergative preposed third-person pronoun: hers; his; its


bastos

Borrowed from Spanish bastos, plural of basto.


bukas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bu(ŋ)kas, from Proto-Austronesian *bukas (“to release; to undo”).


kadang

From Hokkien 加重 (ka-tăng). Compare with Tagalog katang (“support; stand; counterweight”).

cog

Nagalakát silá sa kádang.


balay

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.


siya

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia.


adelpa

Borrowed from Spanish adelfa, from Arabic دِفْلَى (diflā, “oleander”), from Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”).


alunga-og

(of water) flat, insipid, stagnant, stale, vapid


alunga-og

(of work) insufficient, careless, or negligent


ananay

gentle, mild, soft, slow, noiseless, quiet, tranquil, quietly


anggid

ánggid (canonical)
anggid-anggid (diminutive)


amog

Amog nga bata.

A very touchy child.


aminhan

From Proto-Philippine *qamihan-an. By surface analysis, amihan + -an with metathesis and syncope.


ampo

ask, beseech, beg, petition, pray, request


antipara

Borrowed from Spanish antiparras (“spectacles; eyeglasses”).


amay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ama-i, from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h.


agwanta

From Spanish aguanta, from infinitive aguantar, from Italian agguantare, from guanto, which is from Frankish *want.


aritos

Borrowed from Spanish aritos, plural of arito. Compare Ilocano aritos, Cebuano ariyos, Tagalog arilyos, Tagalog aretes, Cebuano aritis.


alang-alang

immature, inappropriate, inconvenient, unsuitable


mga

From Proto-Bisayan *maŋa, from Proto-Central Philippine *maŋa, from Proto-Philippine *maŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maŋa. The spelling is a from Spanish-era contraction of manga.

mga ido


amihan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qamihan, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS-an, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS.


anting-anting

→ English: anting-anting


apdo

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapejux.


asoy

declaration, explanation; a clear statement


alagad

Ultimately from Proto-Philippine *alagad.


atubang

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *atúbaŋ.


balabaw

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balabaw.


balagon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balaRen.


baleu

to change; to transform; to transmogrify


balayan sang sinulatan ukon dinalan

baláyan sang sinulatán ukón dinalán (canonical)


balunggay

Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleifera#Translingual

a type of tree, the malunggay or horseradish tree, Moringa oleifera


banas sa higad sang suba

Nagaistar ako banas sa higad sang suba.


banwahanon

related to towns, municipalities or their government; civic


bati-bati

diminutive of batî; gossip, hearsay, rumor


atay

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.


batan-on

Batan-on nga kalipay.

Childlike pleasure.


baroto

From Proto-Bisayan *barutu. Compare Cebuano baruto.


babaye

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi.

Coordinate term: lalake


bagyo

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀiuS (“typhoon”).


batasan

behaviour, character, culture, custom, manners


banaag

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banaqaR.


bansag

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ban(e)sag.


baw-as

(usually said of women) barren, childless


baw-ing

(places) deserted, desolate, isolated, far away, lonely, secluded


balatong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balatuŋ.


basa-basa

diminutive of bása: to read a little, or occasionally


bangkay

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *baŋkay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkay.


bag-o

From Proto-Bisayan *bagqu, from Proto-Central Philippine *baqgu, from Proto-Philippine *baqʀu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)baqəʀuh.


banwa

From Proto-Philippine, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua, from Proto-Austronesian *banua.

banwahanon

related to towns; pertaining to citizens

town; city; municipality; state; commonwealth


bahaw

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaw, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaw.


balaw

(interrogative) questions listener's thoughts or opinions, often in a conditional sense


bilanggo

Borrowed from Cebuano bilanggo or inherited from Proto-Visayan *bilaŋgu, ultimately from Tamil விலங்கு (vilaṅku, “animal; fetters; shackles; manacles”).


bilad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəlaj (“spread out to dry in the sun”).


bibingka

From Malay bingka (“cake made of rice flour, coconut milk, eggs and plum sugar”) with initial reduplication.


bilas

Borrowed from Spanish velas, plural of vela.


basol

From Proto-Philippine *basul (“to blame someone for something”).


bayabas

Borrowed from Spanish guayabas, plural form of guayaba.


bitoon

From Proto-Philippine *bituqən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituqen, from Proto-Austronesian *bituqen.


bawi

to redeem, deliver, set free, release, or liberate


binhi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binəhiq, from Proto-Austronesian *binəSiq.


bisikleta

Borrowed from Spanish bicicleta, from French bicyclette.


buho-buho

buhô-buhò (canonical)
buhô-buhô (plural)

diminutive of búhò: a small hole, perforation, or pore


buho

crevice, hole, opening, perforation, pit, vent


biskwit

Borrowed from English biscuit, from bisket, from Old French bescuit.


bug-at

From Proto-Bisayan *bəgqat, from Proto-Philippine *bəʀəqat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat.


bino

to stew such that what being cooked does not come in contact with the water


buhat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat, compare Indonesian buat.


bulalakaw

From Proto-Philippine *bulalakaw (“shooting star; kind of spirit”).

inh

(Visayan mythology) a deity described as a shining bird or human-bird hybrid


bulang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulaŋ.


bungansiso

bungansiso (canonical)
bungansísò (canonical)


dabadaba

dabá-dába (canonical)
dabá-dabá (canonical)


daginit

(of wind) gentle, soft, mild, tender, warm


buluhaton

buluhatón (canonical)
buluhaton (canonical)


dabudabu

dabó-dábo (canonical)
dabó-dabó (canonical)


busung

Alternative spelling of busong (“pregnant”)


dakup

to catch, to apprehend, to arrest, to capture


dagway

appearance, conformation, countenance, guise


dalum

(of thoughts) deep, profound, insightful


bulig

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buliR.


dagami

From Proto-Philippine *daʀami (“rice straw”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀami.


dangaw

span of a hand between tip of the thumb and the tip of the middle finger


dagum

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.


bulus

the beginning of a flood in a flooded river


butang

to place an object, usually on a surface


busay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəsay.


bunyag

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *buniag.


dalaga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dadaʀa (“maiden; virgin; unmarried girl”).


dahon

From Proto-Philippine *dahun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.


buto

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *butuq (cf. Bikol Central buto (“penis”), Cebuano buto (“testicle”), Ilocano buto (“penis”), Kapampangan butu (“penis”), and Tagalog buto (“penis”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq (Malagasy voto (“penis”) and Malay butuh (“penis”)), from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq (cf. Saisiyat bosoe' (“testicle”)).


dotol

dótol (canonical)
dotól-dotól (diminutive)


dugmok

to break by applying pressure or weight, to crush


dalan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dálan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.


dungog

From Proto-Bisayan *dəŋəg "to hear", from Proto-Central Philippine *dəŋəg, from Proto-Philippine *dəŋəʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *dəŋəʀ.


empeine

From Spanish empeine, from Latin impetigo, impetiginem.


dala

From Sanskrit धरति (dharati, “to hold”) with the root धृ (dhṛ) but without the -ति (-ti) suffix, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰárati with the root *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-e-ti, thematic present of *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Bikol Central dara, Cebuano dala, Tagalog dala, Kapampangan dala, Assamese ধৰা (dhora), Bengali ধরা (dhora), Odia ଧରିବା (dharibā).


galyetas

Borrowed from Spanish galletas (“cookies”).


espeho

Borrowed from Spanish espejo, from Vulgar Latin speclum, from Latin speculum.


gab-i

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *Rabiqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Rabiqi. Compare Cebuano gabii and Tagalog gabi.


Espanya

From Spanish España, from Latin Hispānia.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


gamot

From Proto-Philippine *ʀamut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀamut (“fibrous roots”).


gingikanan

beginning, commencement, lineage, origin, root, source, start


gratipikasyon

gratuity, reward, tip, (gratuity, reward)


ginharian

From gin- + hari + -an. Cognate with Cebuano gingharian.

domain; empire; kingdom; monarchy; realm; sovereignty


gulang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀudaŋ.


habagat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *habaʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat.


gisa

Borrowed from Spanish guisar (“to stew”).


gusok

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ʀusuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀusuk, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀusuk.


ginhawa

From Proto-Bisayan *ginhawa, from Proto-Central Philippine *ginhawa, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *gi-nihawa, from Proto-Philippine *nihawa (“breath”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nihawa, from Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa.

breath, exhalation, inhalation, respiration


haligi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi.


yawa

Compare Cebuano yawa. From Nagmalitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata, a goddess in the Suludnon epic Hinilawod, according to F. Landa Jocano.


patatas

Borrowed from Spanish patatas, plural form of patata, from Taíno batata.


manong

From a clipping of Spanish hermano (“brother”) + -ng.

term of address for the eldest brother: big bro


manang

From a clipping of Spanish hermana (“sister”) + -ng.

term of address for an elder sister or the eldest sister: big sis

term of address for any woman older than the speaker, not necessarily an elderly woman: ma'am


huad

something that is counterfeit or facsimile


tilinguhaon

tilinguhaon (canonical)
tilinguhaón (canonical)


ilisan

dressing room where someone changes clothing


tayobong

a type of plant, the roots are used for making glue and starch


anggid-anggid

diminutive of anggid: nearly alike, similar


tesorero

Borrowed from Spanish tesorero, from Latin thesaurarius.


telepono

telépono (canonical)
teleponó (canonical)


bantug

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bantug.


sablay

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sab(e)láy.


bangis

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *beŋis.


bangis

to be or become brutal, cruel, inhuman, or violent


utud-utud

diminutive of utúd: to cut something off


utud

to interrupt something (such as a conversation)


abaga

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabaʀa, from Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa.


abao

an expression of astonishment, joy, or surprise


abakahan

someone or something abundant in abaca plants


kagagmayan

the poor or uninfluential members of a community


lag-it

cheat, imposter, sneak, swindler, trickster


mapiguson

mapiguson (canonical)
mapigusón (canonical)


ngalan

Borrowed from Cebuano ngalan, from Proto-Philippine *ŋájan,
from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan.


abiso

From Spanish aviso (“warning”), from Latin ad visum.


butok

butók (canonical)
butók-bútok (diminutive)

to make or force an animal to lie down on its side


pililion

nominee, one who isworthy or desirable to be chosen


pildoras

pildorás (canonical)
píldoras (canonical)


kwarentenas

Borrowed from Spanish cuarentenas, plural of cuarentena.


tahum

beautiful, pretty, attractive, gorgeous, lovely


lagwerta

Borrowed from Spanish la huerta (“the orchard”).


kalsada

Borrowed from Spanish calzada, from Vulgar Latin *calciāta.


abokado

Borrowed from Spanish avocado, from earlier Spanish aguacate, from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl.


administrasyon

Borrowed from Spanish administración (“administration”).


lomot

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


Salinas

From Spanish Salinas, from salina, salinas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, mostly found in Iloilo


ginagihan

incidents and events that happen to a person during their life


ahedres

Borrowed from Spanish ajedrez (“chess”).


sulud

From Proto-Bisayan *sələd (cf. Kinaray-a sëlëd, Cebuano sulod), from Proto-Central-Philippine *sələd (cf. Tagalog silid).


nipa

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nipaq (“swamp palm”).


sibuyas

Borrowed from Spanish cebollas, plural of cebolla.


rason

faculty of thinking, reasoning (of thought)


anghel

young child who dies before the age of reason


korason

Borrowed from Spanish corazón (“heart”).


Ortega

From Spanish Ortega. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Ortega


Villalobos

From Spanish Villalobos. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Iloilo


Fuentes

From Spanish Fuentes. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Blanco

From Spanish Blanco, from blanco (“white”), originally a nickname for a light-skinned man. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the nickname], common in Negros Occidental


Aguilar

From Spanish Aguilar. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Aguilar, common in Iloilo and Negros Occidental


Flores

From Spanish Flores. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Flores


Cadiz

Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental#English

Cadiz (a city in Negros Occidental, Philippines)


sapatos

Borrowed from Spanish zapatos, plural of zapato (“shoe”).


atis

Annona squamosa
Annona squamosa#Translingual


kag

Compare Kinaray-a kag and Masbatenyo kag.

Ang mga siyudad sang Bacolod kag Dumaguete
The cities of Bacolod and Dumaguete


toktok

Sin-o ang nagatoktok sang ganghaan?


toktok

to chop up; to mince; to cut up to small pieces


abilidad

Borrowed from Spanish habilidad, from Latin habilitās.


abayan

(superstition) liable to fall under an evil spell or magic


aghon

compass, more specifically a mariner's compass


alabri

a key, anything used for the purposes of opening something that is closed


agwatato

procurer (someone who arranges for prostitution)


pasahi

the act of being extraordinary, to complete a task in an extraordinary fashion


balung

Alternative spelling of balong (“drunk; intoxicated”)


daut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaqət (cf. Cebuano daot, Malay jahat).


kamatis

Borrowed from Spanish tomate (“tomato”), from Classical Nahuatl tomatl.


utok

From Proto-Philippine, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək, *qutak.


Diaz

From Spanish Díaz. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic], equivalent to Spanish Díaz


Española

From Spanish Española or español, española. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, common in Panay


uhaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quhaw, from Proto-Austronesian *quSaw.


dotol-dotol

diminutive of dotól: anything resembling a tick


kusina

Borrowed from Spanish cocina (“kitchen”).


Aguirre

From Spanish Aguirre, from Basque Agirre, from agirre (“prominence”). Old surname originating in the Basque Country.
Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque], equivalent to Spanish Aguirre, common in Negros Occidental and Iloilo


Martinez

Borrowed from Spanish Martínez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Martínez


Pacheco

From Spanish Pacheco, surname of Portuguese origin mostly found in Andalusia. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Negros Occidental


urang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ (“shrimp, crayfish, lobster”).


hulugpaan

Hulugpaan sang Roxas


labaha

Clipped compound of Spanish la (“the”) + navaja (“penknife”).


pilak

From Malay perak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak, of Khmeric origin, from Proto-Khmeric [Term?].


idalum

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i dalem (“below, beneath; inside”), from Proto-Austronesian *dalem (“in, inside; deep”).


ahos

From Spanish ajos, plural of ajo (“garlic”), from Latin allium.

Allium sativum
Allium sativum#Translingual


kanding

From Proto-Philippine *kambiŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kambiŋ, *kandiŋ.


anay

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *anay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anay, from Proto-Austronesian *aNay.


bolkan

Borrowed from Spanish volcán, from Italian vulcano, from Latin Vulcanus (“Vulcan”), from Etruscan Velchans.


paryente

Borrowed from Spanish pariente (“relative”), from Latin parēns, parentis.


tawo

From Proto-Philippine *tau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau.


kahoy

From Proto-Bisayan *kahuy, from Proto-Central Philippine *kahuy, from Proto-Philippine *kahiw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kahiw, from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw.


iyot

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qiut. Compare Tausug iyut and Coastal Kadazan izut.


lamok

From Proto-Philippine *lamuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamuk,*lamuk.


lawas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawas.


habol

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habəl.


liog

From Proto-Philippine *liqəʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liqəʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *liqəʀ. Cognate with Tagalog leeg, Indonesian leher and Malay leher.


ginikanan

Affixed gikan + -in- + -an, from Proto-Bisayan *g(-in-)ikan-an. Akin to Cebuano ginikanan and Surigaonon ginikanan.


tunok

From Proto-Austronesian *Cənək (“thorn”).


tuhod

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.


linog

From Proto-Bisayan *linug, from Proto-Philippine *linuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *linuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *linuʀ.


kasingkasing

From Proto-Bisayan *kasiŋkasiŋ. Akin to Cebuano kasingkasing.


kagaw

From Proto-Philippine *kaʀaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaʀaw.


patay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *p-atay, from Proto-Austronesian *aCay.


patay

the dead body of a person; cadaver; corpse


sip-on

From Proto-Philippine *sip(ə)qun. The sense "cold" is probably a semantic loan from Cebuano sip-ón or Tagalog sipón.


bitok

From Proto-Bisayan *bituk, from Proto-Central Philippine *bituk, from Proto-Philippine *bituk.


ulod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulej, compare Tagalog uod, Chamorro ulo', Javanese uler, Maori iro, Malay ulat.


ilig

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiliʀ (“flow downstream”). Compare Malay hilir (“downstream”).

inh+

Ang túbig nagaílig.


ahay

an expression of anger, annoyance, disbelief, and/or displeasure, sometimes equivalent to the English come on and oh man


lubong

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *ləbəŋ (“to bury”) (cf. Tagalog libing, Cebuano lubong, Maranao lebeng).


aswang

(folklore, mythology) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)


sambag

Tamarindus indica
Tamarindus indica#Translingual


kalabasa

Borrowed from Spanish calabaza (“squash”).


ikog

From Proto-Bisayan *ikug, from Proto-Philippine *ikuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *ikuʀ.


pungko

From Proto-Bisayan *puŋkuq. Compare Cebuano pungkô (“to squat”).


bagol

From Proto-Bisayan *bagúl. Compare Cebuano bagol (“coconut shell; kind of children's game”).

cog

any skull-like vessel, such as a rough coconut shell cut in half and used for cleaning


luhod

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *luhud (“act of kneeling”).


kapilya

Borrowed from Spanish capilla (“chapel”).


kampana

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish campana.


anghit

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *qaŋəhiC or Proto-Austronesian *qaŋəSit.


hilanat

Compare Cebuano hilanat & Tagalog lagnat.


petsay

Borrowed from Hokkien 白菜 (pe̍h-chhài, “Chinese cabbage”, literally “white vegetable”).

Chinese cabbage (either napa cabbage or bok choy)


hawak

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”).


luy-a

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual


kutsarita

Borrowed from Spanish cucharita (“teaspoon”).


tiyan

From Proto-Philippine *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN.


manay

From a clipping of Spanish hermana (“sister”) + -y.

(familiar) term of address for the eldest sister: big sis


lagari

Borrowed from Malay gergaji, ultimately from Sanskrit क्रकच (krakaca, “saw”).


likod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *likud, from Proto-Austronesian *likud.


matam-is

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)taq(ə)mis, or analytically from ma- + tam-is.


lingkoranan

From lingkod + -anan, akin to Cebuano linkoranan.


Bag-ong Tuig

malipayong Pasko kag mahamungayaong Bag-ong Tuig


Gallardo

From Spanish Gallardo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Villena

Borrowed from Spanish Villena, from Catalan.


napulo

From Proto-Bisayan *na-puluq, from Proto-Central-Philippine *puluq, from Proto-Philippine *puluq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *puluq.


tugot

Compare Bikol Central tugot and Cebuano tugot.


Bautista

Borrowed from Spanish, from San Juan Bautista.


Guillen

From Spanish Guillén. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, mostly found Negros Occidental and Iloilo


Salgado

From Spanish Salgado, from Galician Salgado. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Galician], mostly found in Negros Occidental


Carmona

From Spanish Cardona, toponymic surname. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Carmona: a surname from Spanish, common in Negros Occidental


Cordero

From Spanish Cordero, ancient occupational surname for a shepherd. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Panay and Negros Occidental


Escalante

A city in Negros Occidental, Philippines


Salcedo

From Spanish Salcedo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Iloilo


Tamayo

From Spanish Tamayo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish mostly found in Iloilo


Vergara

Borrowed from Spanish Vergara, from Basque Bergara.


Santillan

From Spanish Santillán, from Asturian Santillán. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Asturian], mostly found in Negros Occidental


Melgar

From Spanish Melgar. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, mostly found in Negros Occidental


Tolentino

From Spanish, after St. Nicholas of Tolentino (San Nicolás de Tolentino), from Tolentino in Italy.


Manalo

Borrowed from Tagalog manalo. Mostly found among ethnic Tagalog stock in North Cotabato whose ancestors bearing the surname came mainly from Tagalog-speaking provinces in Luzon during the late Spanish and early American colonial periods and postwar eras.

a surname from Tagalog, found among people of ethnic Tagalog descent in North Cotabato


Ancheta

Borrowed from Spanish Ancheta, from Basque.


Hilario

Borrowed from Spanish Hilario, from Galician.

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Hilary


Mosquera

From Spanish Mosquera. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Iloilo and Negros Occidental


Legaspi

Variant of Legazpi. Borrowed from Spanish Legazpi, from Basque Legazpi.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]


asog

(historical) an effeminate man who functions as a babaylan


Bermejo

From Spanish Bermejo, from bermejo, originally adopted as a nickname for a red-haired man. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the nickname], mostly found in Capiz, Negros Occidental and Iloilo


Valderrama

Named after Manuel Blanco Valderrama, acting Spanish governor-general of the Philippines within 1874


Guevarra

From Spanish, variant of Guevara, from Basque Gebara.


Buenaventura

From Spanish, a reference to St. Bonaventure (San Buenaventura).


Andrada

Borrowed from Spanish Andrada, variant of Andrade, from Galician Andrade.


Basco

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
José Basco y Vargas

From Spanish Basco.
* (provincial capital of Batanes): Named after Spanish governor-general José Basco y Vargas
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

named-after

Basco (a municipality, the capital of Batanes, Cagayan Valley, Philippines)


Marasigan

Borrowed from Tagalog Marasigan. Mostly found among ethnic Tagalog stock in Mindanao whose ancestors bearing the surname came to Mindanao from Batangas, Quezon and Oriental Mindoro during the late Spanish and early American colonial periods and postwar eras.

a surname from Tagalog, found among people of ethnic Tagalog descent mostly in North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat


Ilagan

From Tagalog ilagan, a surname common among individuals of Tagalog ethnicity living in Mindanao whose ancestors bearing the surname migrated to Mindanao from Batangas during the late Spanish and American colonial periods and since postwar eras.

a surname from Tagalog, most common among individuals of Tagalog descent found in North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat


likay

to avoid by moving suddenly out of the way; to dodge

to escape; to slip away; to evade; to elude

to avoid; to keep away from; to keep clear of; to shun


Dacanay

Of Ilocano origin. Mostly found among ethnic Ilocano stock in Mindanao whose ancestors bearing the surname came from Ilocandia and neighboring regions with Ilocano population to Mindanao during the late Spanish and American colonial periods and since postwar era.

a surname from Ilocano, mostly common among Ilocano descent found in North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat


bagani

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *baʀani, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀani (“brave, bold; dare to do”).


tul-an

From Proto-Bisayan *tulqan, from Proto-Central Philippine *tuqlan, from Proto-Philippine *tuqlan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqəlan, from Proto-Austronesian *CuqəlaN.


tulak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tulak (“to push away”).


Zulueta

Borrowed from Spanish Zulueta, from Basque.


kamalig

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamaliʀ.


langoy

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *laŋuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *naŋuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Naŋuy.


tikoy

Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year#English

nian gao (a Chinese New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)


sadsad

to trip; to skip; to dance; to step nimbly or lightly


Abello

From Spanish Abello. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Negros Occidental


Patrimonio

From Spanish patrimonio. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Landicho

Variant of Spanish Landecho, from Basque Landetxo


dosena

Nagapatindug sang taytay ang manga tawu sang Kinahanglan sang enhenyero kwarenta y singko ka bilug nga kahuy para sa Ang dosena sang bulak tag PO.60. presyong Pl.15 ang duha ka dosena. Imelda sang apat ka dosena. Mabakal ...

year unknown, Cecile Motus, Hiligaynon Lessons, Рипол Классик, page 214


Divinagracia

From Spanish divina gracia. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Arnaiz

From Spanish Arnáiz, from Basque. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque], common in Negros Occidental


Gaviola

a surname from Basque, the 694th most common surname in the Philippines


Ubalde

a surname from Basque, the 1,902nd most common surname in the Philippines


Abadiano

From Spanish, perhaps from Basque abade (“abbot”). See the Spanish entry for more information.


kasag

Portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus#Translingual

blue crab, Portunus pelagicus (a large crab found in the intertidal estuaries of the Philippine and other Southeast Asian waters)


dela Cruz

From Spanish de la Cruz, a reference to the Holy Cross. Common surname adapted by many Filipinos during the Spanish colonial era upon conversion to Christianity.


Roxas

From archaic form of Spanish Rojas, introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos (which was written when X was also used for Spanish /x/).
The places in the Philippines are named after Pres. Manuel Roxas, the fifth president of the Philippines.

Manuel Roxas, 5th President of the Philippines

Roxas (a city, the provincial capital of Capiz, Western Visayas, Philippines)

Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro#English

Roxas (a municipality of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines)


Batallones

From Spanish batallones. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the common noun], mostly found in Iloilo


Gorriceta

Of Basque origin, from gorri+aitz+eta. Literally "place of red rocks". (Though of Basque origin, it does not appear elsewhere, even in the Hispanic world and the Basque Country)


mumho

From Proto-Bisayan *muhmuh, from Proto-Central-Philippine *muhmuh. Compare Aklanon mumo.

fallen crumbs of cooked rice on the floor or table


linaw

From Proto-Philippine *linaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *linaw.


diwata

From Proto-Visayan *diwata, from Malay dewata, from Sanskrit देवता (devatā, “god, deity”).


Sacdalan

Borrowed from Tagalog sakdalan (“to indict”). Mostly found among ethnic Tagalog origin in Soccsksargen in Mindanao whose ancestors bearing the surname came from Bulacan and Nueva Ecija during the late Spanish and American colonial periods and since postwar era.

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found among ethnic Tagalog origin who resided in North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat


Jardeleza

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname, common in Iloilo and Guimaras


de la Torre

From Spanish de la Torre. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish de la Torre, more widely spelled as dela Torre. Generally concentrated in Negros Occidental


de la Cruz

a common surname from Spanish of religious origin


dela Torre

From Spanish de la Torre. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as de la Torre.


salbabida

Borrowed from Spanish salvavidas (“life preserver”).


Katsila

Ultimately from Latin castella (“little forts, castles”), plural diminutive of castrum (“fort”). See cognate Tagalog Kastila.


saylo

hil-verb

saylo (diminutive sayló-sáylo, frequentative sayló-sáylo)

sayló-sáylo (diminutive)
sayló-sáylo (frequentative)


Mijares

From Spanish Mijares, toponymic surname of Cantabrian origin. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Mijares, mostly found in Negros Oriental


Parreño

From Spanish Parreño. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


manoy

From a clipping of Spanish hermano (“brother”) + -y.

(familiar) term of address for the eldest brother: big bro


bulakbol

Borrowed from Tagalog bulakbol, from English blackball.


law-ay

Nagláw-ay ang íya nga pangguyáhon.


law-ay

to be or become ugly, repulsive, hideous, forbidding, etc.


kalim-an

From lima + ka- -an, literally “fifth group (of ten)”


Bacolod

Borrowed from Spanish Bacólod, ultimately from Hiligaynon bakolod (“hill”). Compare Kapampangan Bacolor and Tagalog Bacoor.

Bacolod (a city, the provincial capital of Negros Occidental, Western Visayas, Philippines)


Padernal

a surname, common in Iloilo and Negros Occidental


karwahe

Borrowed from Spanish carruaje, borrowed from Catalan carruatge or Occitan cariatge, from a derivative of Latin carrus.


Kabankalan

Kabankalan (a city in Negros Occidental, Philippines)


kasiyaman

siyam + ka- -an, literally “ninth group (of ten)”


kap-atan

From apat + ka- -an, literally “fourth group (of ten)”


ginoo

Possibly from Proto-Bisayan *gin- (c.f. Cebuano gi- and Hiligaynon gin- prefixes) + Greater Central Philippine *túʔuh (“believe; give credence to”) (c.f. Tagalog totoo, Cebuano tuo, Hiligaynon tuod), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu (“true”). Compare Kapampangan ginu, Bikol Central ginoo, Cebuano ginoo, Tagalog ginoo.


Cotabato

From Spanish Cotabato, from Maguindanao Kutawatu, from kuta (“fort”) + watu (“stone”).

Cotabato (a province of Soccsksargen, Mindanao, Philippines; capital and largest city: Kidapawan)


arnibal

From Spanish almíbar, from Arabic المَيْبَة (al-mayba), from Persian می به (may beh, literally “quince nectar”).


pader

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish pared.


Panes

From Spanish Panes. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


karabaw

Ultimately from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kAr(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Compare Asi karabaw, Bikol Central karabaw, Waray-Waray karabaw, Tagalog kalabaw, Cebuano kabaw, Tausug kabaw, Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Indonesian kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ).


hampang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hampaŋ.


seremonya

Borrowed from Spanish ceremonia, from Latin caerimōnia.


Porras

From Spanish Porras. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, common in Iloilo, esp. the city of Passi


almoranas

Borrowed from Spanish almorranas, plural of almorrana.


kalibutan

From libut + ka- -an. Cognate with Cebuano kalibotan.


kalamunding

Borrowed from Tagalog kalamunding, from Kapampangan kalamunding.


Bascoguin

From earlier Bascoguen. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


sinelas

Borrowed from Spanish chinela, plural of chinela.


kutkut

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutkut.


batiya

Borrowed from Spanish batea, from Mozarabic *baṭíḥa, from Arabic.


sansaw

From Hokkien 仙草 (sian-chháu / chhan-chháu) / 田草 (san-sáu / chhân-chháu).

Sánsaw gid ang ákon ólo.

Sánsaw na ang íla hunâhúnà.


laum

Compare Bikol Central laom and Cebuano laom.


dakhari

Coordinate term: dakhara


tingulan

tingulan (canonical)
tingulán (canonical)

rainy season; wet season; monsoon season


Hinaraya

From Spanish haraya + -in-, the Spanish being from iraya (“inland; upstream”).

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Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">haraya</i>

Karay-a (language, usually perceived as a dialect of Hiligaynon spoken in the mountain regions of Iloilo province)


Deocampo

Respelling of Spanish de Ocampo, of Galician origin.


de los Reyes

From Spanish de los Reyes, literally "of the kings, referencing the Magi.

a surname from Spanish of religious origin, largely displaced by the spelling delos Reyes


Villaruel

From Spanish Villaruel, spelling variant of Villarroel. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Billones

From Spanish billones. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Balajadia

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Balahadia. The spelling is a Hispanization; H changed to J due to H being silent in Spanish.


Hilado

a surname from Spanish, common in Negros Occidental


Marfil

From Spanish Marfil. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, mostly found Negros Occidental


aslum

From Proto-Central Philippine *qalsəm, from Proto-Philippine *qalsəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm.


Espartero

From Spanish Espartero. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


hubug

Alternative spelling of hubog (“drunk; intoxicated”)


tulug

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tuduʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduʀ.


Pototan

Pototan (a municipality of Iloilo, Philippines)


Miag-ao

Miagao (a municipality of Iloilo, Philippines)


Sindol

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.
.


Sofronio Española

Borrowed from Spanish Sofronio Española, from Sofronio + española, named after Sofronio Española, a former house representative from Palawan.

Sofronio Española (a municipality of Palawan, Philippines)


Himamaylan

Himamaylan (a city in Negros Occidental, Philippines)


Castronuevo

From Spanish Castronuevo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, mostly found in Iloilo


Binalbagan

Binalbagan (a municipality of Negros Occidental, Philippines)


Hinoba-an

Hinoba-an (a municipality of Negros Occidental, Philippines)


Dumangas

Dumangas (a municipality of Iloilo, Philippines)


Hinigaran

Hinigaran (a municipality of Negros Occidental, Philippines)


Manapla

Manapla (a municipality of Negros Occidental, Philippines)


Sagay

Sagay (a city in Negros Occidental, Philippines)


Koronadal

From Maguindanao Koronadal, from Koronadal Blaan.

Koronadal (a city, the provincial capital of South Cotabato, Soccsksargen, Mindanao, Philippines)


Midsayap

Midsayap (canonical)
Midsayáp (canonical)

Midsayap (a municipality of North Cotabato, Philippines)


Samillano

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname, mostly found in Negros Occidental


paklay

Borrowed from Hokkien 腹內／腹内 (pak-lāi / pak-lǎi, “offal”, literally “inside the stomach”). Compare Cebuano paklay.

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Nakakáon kamí dídto sing manámit nga páklay.

We had there a savoury dish of bamboo-shoots mixed with meat.

a Filipino dish made from sautéed sliced bamboo shoots, mixed with meat such as fish or shrimp, ground pork or beef, with some tomatoes, onions, garlic, and other spices, among other ingredients, especially in the cuisine of Western Visayas


Amay Namon

From the incipit of the Hiligaynon translation of the Lord's Prayer. Literally, “Our Father”.


buggaitan

Unknown. Possibly related to pugait, "to call loudly", "to cry out", "outcry", "shout", "yell", "to vociferate"; banggit, "to disagree loudly", "differ with", "bicker", "quarrel", "altercate"; or bunggit, "obtain most or all in a contest", "sweeping victory".

prominent, famous, outstanding, excelling, excellent, surpassing others in skill, the best of its kind


Magtanong

From Tagalog magtanong, a surname common among individuals of Tagalog ethnicity living in Mindanao whose ancestors bearing the surname migrated to Mindanao mainly from Bataan and Zambales during the late Spanish and American colonial periods and since postwar eras.

a surname from Tagalog, most common among individuals of Tagalog descent found in South Cotabato


Demafeliz

Hispanicized spelling of Tagalog Dimapilis. Mostly found among ethnic Tagalog stock in Mindanao whose ancestors bearing the surname came to Mindanao from Batangas, Quezon and Oriental Mindoro during the late Spanish and early American colonial periods and postwar eras.

a surname from Tagalog, found among people of ethnic Tagalog descent mostly in Iloilo, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat


kan-uman

From anom + ka- -an, literally “sixth group (of ten)”. Cognate to Cebuano kan-oman and Waray-Waray kaunman.


kawaluan

From walo + ka- -an, literally “eighth group (of ten)”


kapituan

From pito + ka- -an, literally “seventh group (of ten)”