את

he-pron

אַתְּ • (át) f (Biblical Hebrew pausal form אָתְּ)

אַתְּ (canonical)
át (romanization)
form אָתְּ (Biblical-Hebrew pausal)

You, thou: (the feminine singular second-person personal pronoun).


אני

From Proto-Semitic *ʔanāku, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔanāku.

אני הרגתי את מופסה!

1994, The Lion King, spoken by Scar (Eli Gorenstein):

הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר אִם אֵין אֲנִי לִי. מִי לִי. וּכְשֶׁאֲנִי לְעַצְמִי. מָה אֲנִי. וְאִם לֹא עַכְשָׁיו. אֵימָתָי:

a. 217 C.E., Mishnah. Avot, section 1.14:

He (Hillel) used to say, ‘If I am not for me, who is for me? And when I am for myself, what am I? And if not now, when?’

hú hayá omér ím én aní li, mí li, ukh'she'aní l'atsmí, má aní, v'ím ló akhsháv, ematáy.

I (first person nominative singular pronoun, masculine and feminine)


אתה

אַתָּה • (atá) m

From Proto-Semitic *ʔanta. Cognate with Arabic أَنْتَ (ʔanta).

you, thou (second-person singular masculine)


הוא

הִיא היא#Hebrew

(Biblical Hebrew) archaic spelling of הִיא


אחד

head

אֶחָד • (ekhád) m (construct אַחַד־, feminine אַחַת)

אֶחָד (canonical)
ekhád (romanization)
אַחַד־ (construct)
אַחַת (feminine)

[ʔɛˑˈħɔː.ɔð]

[ʔæ(ː)ˈħɔːð]

אֶחָד מֵהֶם

אַחַד הַסְּפָרִים

אחת החיילות שהייתה יפת מראה באופן בולט במיוחד ביקשה ממני סיגריה. נתתי לה אחת וישבתי על ספסל סמוך לחלון.

2011, Yacov Shir Golian, החושך בקצה המנהרה [The Darkness At The End Of The Tunnel], page 80:

One of the (female) soldiers who was very attractive in an especially conspicuous manner asked me for a cigarette. I gave her one and sat down on a bench next to the window.


הן

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *šin. Cognate with Arabic هُنَّ (hunna). The central sense is “they”; other senses are by extension.


היא

he-pron

הִיא • (hi) f

כִּי חׇקְךָ וְחׇק בָּנֶיךָ הִוא מֵאִשֵּׁי יהוה

because it is thy due, and thy sons' due, of the sacrifices of the Lord made by fire

ki chokchá v'chok banécha hi me'ishéi YHVH

וַתָּמׇת רָחֵל וַתִּקָּבֵר בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶפְרָתָה הִוא בֵּית לָחֶם

Tanach, [[s:he:T0135#לה_יט|35:19]], with translation of the King James Version:

And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem

vatámot rachél vatikavér b'dérech efráta hi bet láchem

כבר ביארנו בהלכות ביאות אסורות מה היא השפחה החרופה האמורה בתורה

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Used as an intensifier for a third-person singular feminine subject.


אנוכי

אנוכי / אָנֹכִי • (anokhí) m or f

אָנֹכִי (canonical)
anokhí (romanization)

[ʔɒːˈnɒːkiˑ]

/ʔɔː.noːˈχiː/

[ʔɔː.noˑˈχiː]

[ʔɔː.nø(ː)ˈχiː]

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔanāku. The adjectival and adverbial uses are modern innovations.

שִׁמְע֣וּ מְלָכִ֔ים הַאֲזִ֖ינוּ רֹֽזְנִ֑ים אָֽנֹכִ֗י לַֽיהֹוָה֙ אָנֹכִ֣י אָשִׁ֔ירָה אֲזַמֵּ֕ר לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

c. 600 BCE, “Chapter 5”, in Shoftim (Judges):

Hear, O kings, give ear, O princes; I, to the Lord I shall sing, I shall sing to the Lord, the God of Israel.

(archaic or formal) I (first-person singular nominative pronoun).


איש

From Proto-Semitic *ʔinš- (“man, person”). See also *ʔināš- (“human”). Compare cognates in other Semitic languages (e.g. Moabite, Aramaic, etc.) ('šm in some).

רבים ניסו, אך איש לא הצליח.

Many tried, but none [literally not a man] succeeded.

וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ אַל־יוֹתֵר מִמֶּנּוּ עַד־בֹּקֶר׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0216#טז_יט|16:19]], with translation of the New International Version:

Then Moses said to them, "No one is to keep any of it until morning."


מה

מה זאת אומרת?

What does it mean? [literally What is this saying?]

מה אתה שואל?

מה נשמע?

How are you? [literally What [is] being heard?]

וַיִּצֶר ה׳ אֱלהִים מִן־הָֽאֲדָמָה כָּל־חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה וְאֵת כָּל־עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וַיָּבֵא אֶל־הָ֣אָדָם לִרְאוֹת מַה־יִּקְרָא־לוֹ וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר יִקְרָא־לוֹ הָֽאָדָם נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה הוּא שְׁמֽוֹ:

Tanach, [[s:he:T0102#ב_יט|2:19]], with translation of Robert Alter:

And the Lord fashioned from the soil each beast of the field and each fowl of the heavens and brought each to the human to see what he would call it, and whatever the human called a living creature, that was its name.

wa-yiṣer ʾǎḏonay ělohim min-hâ-ʾǎḏâmâ kol-ḥayaṯ hassâḏe we-ʾēṯ kol-ʿof ha-ššâmayim wa-yyâvē ʾel-hâ-ʾâḏâm li-reʾoṯ ma-yyiqrâ-lo we-ḵol ʾǎšer yiqrâ-lo hâ-âḏâm nefeš ḥayâ huʾ šemo


אחת

אַחַת • (akhát) (Biblical Hebrew pausal form אֶחָת)

אַחַת (canonical)
akhát (romanization)
form אֶחָת (Biblical-Hebrew pausal)

[ʔaˑˈħaː.aθ]

[ʔæ(ː)ˈħæːθ]

אֶחָד אחד#Hebrew


אשר

head

אֲשֶׁר • (ashér)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaṯar-. Cognate to Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “trace, vestige, impression, relic”) and Ge'ez አሰር (ʾäsär), አሠር (ʾäśär, “trace, vestige; way, road; relic”), more closely Aramaic אַתְרָא / ܐܰܬܪܳܐ (ʾaṯrā), absolute state אֲתַר (ʾăṯar), אָתַר (ʾaṯar) / ܐܰܬܰܪ (ʾaṯar, “spot, place”), doublet of אֲתָר (ʾăṯār, “spot, place”) borrowed from it, related also to the verb אָשַׁר (ʾāšár, “to go straight on, to make progress”).

cog

Aramaic אַתְרָא

relative pronoun
relative pronoun#English

That, which, who, whom; a relative pronoun, used to introduce a relative clause.


מתי

he-pronoun

מָתַי • (matái)


אנכי

head

אָנֹכִי • (anokhí)

אנוכי אנוכי#Hebrew


ש־

Likely a reduced form of the relativizer אֲשֶׁר (ashér).

(relative pronoun, less commonly) What, who(m).


זה

זֶה • (zé) m (plural אֵלֶּה or אֵלּוּ, feminine זֹאת or זוֹ)

זֶה (canonical)
zé (romanization)
אֵלֶּה (plural)
אֵלּוּ (plural)
זֹאת (feminine)
זוֹ (feminine)

Related to Aramaic דִּי (dī) and Arabic ذُو (ḏū). Compare also the definite form הַזֶּה (hazé) and Arabic هٰذَا (hāḏā).

זה בחולצה הכחולה.

זה שאין לנקוב בשמו.


הם

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *šum. Cognate with Arabic هُم (hum). The central sense is “they”; other senses are by extension.

they (the third-person masculine plural personal pronoun, masculine plural of הוא (hu'))

those, yon (the masculine plural distant demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural of הוא (hu'))

are (a masculine plural present-tense copula, masculine plural of הוא (hu'))


הנה

הֵנָּה • (héna) f pl

(rare, archaic) alternative form of הֵן (hen): them; a feminine plural standalone (subject) pronoun.


זו

זוֹ (canonical)
zó (romanization)
זה (masculine)

אני אוהב את זו.


זו

[…] עַד־יַעֲבֹר עַם־זוּ קָנִיתָ׃
[…] ád-ya'avór ám-zú kaníta.

[…] till the people pass over, [which] thou hast purchased.


אתם

he-pron

אַתֶּם • (atém) m pl

You, y'all, you guys: the second-person masculine plural subject pronoun.


אתן

אַתֶּן • (atén) f pl

You, y'all, you guys: the second-person feminine plural subject pronoun.


אנחנו

אֲנַחְנוּ (canonical)
anákhnu (romanization)

[ʔɒːˈnɒː.ɒn.nuˑ]

From Biblical Hebrew 𐤀𐤍𐤇𐤍𐤅 (ʾnḥnw), from Proto-Semitic *niḥnu. Cognate with Arabic نحن.

וְנִהְיֶה אֲנַחְנוּ וְצֶאֱצָאֵינוּ וְצֶאֱצָאֵי עַמְּךָ בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלָּנוּ יוֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶךָ וְלוֹמְדֵי תוֹרָתְךָ לִשְׁמָהּ.

v'nihyé anákhnu v'tse'etsa'éinu v'tse'etsa'éi amkhá beit yisra'él kulánu yod'éi shmékha v'lomdéi torotkhá lishmá.

May we, and all our offspring, and all the offspring of your nation the House of Israel, all of us be knowers of your name and learners of your Torah for her name.

We; the subject form of the first-person plural personal pronoun.


עוד

אני רוצה עוד.


פחות

he-pronoun

פָּחוֹת • (pakhót)

פָּחוֹת (canonical)
pakhót (romanization)

למה קיבלתי פחות ממנו?

פחות באו מאשר ציפיתי.

פחות מהם באו היום מאשר אתמול.

Fewer of them came today than had come yesterday.


מי

Compare Ugaritic 𐎎𐎊 (my), Phoenician 𐤌𐤉 (my), El-Amarna Akkadian 𒈪𒅀 (mīya, “who”), as well as Levantine, Egyptian and Hijazi Arabic مين (mīn, “who”).

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun

(interrogative pronoun) who, what person or persons

(relative pronoun) the person or persons that


היכן

head

הֵיכָן • (hekhán)

הֵיכָן (canonical)
hekhán (romanization)


־ם

וְגַם כִּי שִׁלְּחָם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶל־אָהֳלֵיהֶם וַיְבָרֲכֵם׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0622#כב_ז|22:7]], with translation of the King James Version:

And when Joshua sent them away also unto their tents, then he blessed them.

v'gam ki shilkhám y'hoshúa el-aholeihém vay'varakhém.

Indicates the direct object of a verb: them.

Indicates the object of a preposition: them.

וּמִמַּעַל לָרָקִיעַ אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשָׁם כְּמַרְאֵה אֶבֶן־סַפִּיר דְּמוּת כִּסֵּא וְעַל דְּמוּת הַכִּסֵּא דְּמוּת כְּמַרְאֵה אָדָם עָלָיו מִלְמָעְלָה׃

Tanach, Ezekiel [[s:he:T1201#א_כו|1:26]], with translation of the King James Version:

And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone: and upon the likeness of the throne was the likeness as the appearance of a man above upon it.

umimáal larakía ashér al-roshám k'mar'é even-safír d'mút kisé v'al d'mút hakisé d'mut k'mar'é adám aláv mil'má'la.

Indicates the possessor of a noun in the construct state: them.


־ה

־ָהּ • (-áh)

Analogical consonantism after the independent personal pronoun הִיא (hīʾ) from Proto-West Semitic *-hā, from Proto-Semitic *-ša.

וַיַּנִּחֵהוּ בְגַן־עֵדֶן, לְעָבְדָהּ וּלְשָׁמְרָהּ

He placed him in the Garden of Eden to work it and to guard it

(archaic) her, it: indicates the direct object of a verb

וַתָּשָׁב נָעֳמִי, וְרוּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּה כַלָּתָהּ עִמָּהּ

Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabite her daughter-in-law with her

her, it: indicates the object of a preposition

וַתִּקַּח תָּמָר אֵפֶר עַל־רֹאשָׁהּ

(now formal) her, its: indicates the possessor of a singular construct noun


משהו

he-pron

מַשֶּׁהוּ • (máshehu) m

מַשֶּׁהוּ (canonical)
máshehu (romanization)

Compound of מָה (ma) + שֶׁ־ (she-) + הוּא (hu). By surface analysis, מָה + ־שֶׁהוּ.


מישהו

he-pron

מִישֶׁהוּ • (míshehu) m

מִישֶׁהוּ (canonical)
míshehu (romanization)

Formed in Modern Hebrew as a compound of מִי (mi, “who”) + שֶׁ־ (she-, “that, which”) + הוּא (hu, “he, it”) by analogy with Mishnaic מַשֶּׁהוּ (máshehu, “something”). By surface analysis, מִי + ־שֶׁהוּ.


כולם

he-pronoun

כולם / כֻּלָּם • (kulám) m pl

כֻּלָּם (canonical)
kulám (romanization)

desc

⇒ Yiddish: הסכּם־כּולם (heskem-kulom, “consensus”)

form of כָּל (kol) with third-person masculine plural personal pronoun as possessor: all of them


שום דבר

he-pronoun

שׁוּם דָּבָר

שׁוּם דָּבָר • (shum davár)

שׁוּם דָּבָר (canonical)
shum davár (romanization)


אז

Cognate to Aramaic אֱדַיִן (ʾĕḏáyin, “then, at that time”), Arabic إِذ (ʔiḏ), إِذَا (ʔiḏā), إِذًا (ʔiḏan).

cog

ועד אז לא היה לי מושג שתולים בי כאלו תקוות

איה כורם, אוטוביוגרפיה (Aya Korem, Otobiografiya)

and until then I had no idea such hopes depend on me (lit. are hung on me)

v'ad az lo haya li musag shetulim bi ka'elu tikvot


אפ׳חד

head

אפ׳חד • (áfkhad)

אַף אֶחָד
אף אחד#Hebrew

(slang) contraction of אַף אֶחָד (“anybody”): used only with a negative word, to form "nobody"


כלום

כְּלוּם • (k'lum)

כְּלוּם (canonical)
k'lum (romanization)

The popular folk etymology כְּ־ (k'-, “like”, comparative prefix) + *לוּם (lúm), a supposedly rare word meaning "olive pit", thus "something as small as an olive pit; anything at all," is unsupported.


כך

כָּךְ • (kakh)

מה דעתך על כך?

that (anaphorically referring to something previously mentioned, or something which is clear from the context)


אלו

he-pron

אֵלּוּ • (élu) f pl


הללו

head

הַלָּלוּ • (hallálu)

הַלָּלוּ (canonical)
hallálu (romanization)

נתן עיניו בתלמידים התחילו פניהם משתנין אמר להם בני לא לכם אני אומר אלא להללו שיצאו שמניחים חיי עולם ועוסקים בחיי שעה

Babylonian Talmud, Betsá, Vilna edition page 15

He set his eye on the students. Their faces started changing. He said to them, "My sons, not to you do I say [this] but to those who left, who leave eternal life and deal with temporal life.


אנו

he-pron

אָנוּ • (ánu)

אָנוּ (canonical)
ánu (romanization)
אֲנוּ (alternative Biblical-Hebrew)

(archaic or formal) we (first-person plural nominative pronoun)


־ו

him, it: indicates the object of a preposition

(now formal) his, its: indicates the possessor of a singular construct noun


אילו

he-pronoun

אֵילוּ • (éylu)

יש כל כך הרבה נעליים פה. אילו שלך?

There are so many shoes here. Which are yours?


כלשהו

head

כׇּלְשֶׁהוּ • (kólshehu) (feminine singular כׇּלְשֶׁהִי, masculine plural כׇּלְשֶׁהֵם, feminine plural כׇּלְשֶׁהֵן)

כׇּלְשֶׁהוּ (canonical)
kólshehu (romanization)
כׇּלְשֶׁהִי (feminine singular)
כׇּלְשֶׁהֵם (masculine plural)
כׇּלְשֶׁהֵן (feminine plural)

af

כׇּל (kól) + ־שֶׁהוּ (shehú)

אִם יֵשׁ לְךָ שְׁאֵלוֹת כׇּלְשֶׁהֵן בְּבַקָּשָׁה אַל תִּשְׁאַל אוֹתִי. אֲנִי לֹא יוֹדֵעַ כְּלוּם בִּכְלָל.

im yésh l'khá sh'elót kólshehen, b'vakashá ál tish'ál otí. aní ló yodéa' klúm bikhlál.

If you have any questions whatsoever, please do not ask me. I do not know anything at all.


המה

he-pron

הֵמָּה • (héma) m pl


כולנו

he-pronoun

כולנו / כֻּלָּנוּ • (kulánu) m pl or f pl

כֻּלָּנוּ (canonical)
kulánu (romanization)

form of כָּל (kol) with first-person plural personal pronoun as possessor: all of us


כולו

כולו / כֻּלּוֹ • (kuló) m

form of כָּל (kol) with third-person masculine singular personal pronoun as possessor: all of him, all of it


כולה

כולה / כֻּלָּהּ • (kuláh) m

כֻּלָּהּ (canonical)
kuláh (romanization)

form of כָּל (kol) with third-person feminine singular personal pronoun as possessor: all of her, all of it


־ך

head

־ְךָ • (-'khá)

(archaic) you, thee: indicates the direct object of a verb

you, thee: indicates the object of a preposition

(now formal) your: indicates the possessor of a singular construct noun


־ך

־ֵךְ • (-'ékh)


מישהי

he-pron

מִישֶׁהִי • (míshehi)

מִישֶׁהִי (canonical)
míshehi (romanization)

Compound of מִי (mí, “who”) + שֶׁ־ (she-, “that, which”) + הִיא (hi, “she”).


אחד את השני

he-pronoun

אֶחָד אֶת הַשֵּׁנִי

אֶחָד אֶת הַשֵּׁנִי • (ekhád et hashení)

אֶחָד אֶת הַשֵּׁנִי (canonical)
ekhád et hashení (romanization)

each other, one another, one after another


אף אחד

אַף אֶחָד • (af ekhád) m

אַף אֶחָד (canonical)
af ekhád (romanization)
אפ׳חד (alternative slang)