יד

he-noun

יָד • (yád) f (dual indefinite ידיים / יָדַיִם, plural indefinite יָדוֹת, singular construct יַד־, dual construct יְדֵי־, plural construct יְדוֹת־)

יָד (canonical)
yád (romanization)
ידיים (dual indefinite)
יָדַיִם (dual indefinite)
יָדוֹת (indefinite plural)
יַד־ (construct singular)
יְדֵי־ (construct dual)
יְדוֹת־ (construct plural)
יָד (indefinite singular)
יָדִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יָדֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַיָּד (definite singular)
יָדְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
יָדֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יֶדְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
יֶדְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
יַד־ (construct singular)
יָדוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
יָדָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
יָדָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
יָדָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
ידיים (dual indefinite)
יָדַיִם (dual indefinite)
ידיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יָדַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יָדֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הידיים (definite dual)
הַיָּדַיִם (definite dual)
יָדֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
ידייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יָדַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יְדֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
יְדֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
יְדֵי־ (construct dual)
יָדָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
יָדֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
יְדֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
יְדֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
יָדוֹת (indefinite plural)
ידותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יְדוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יְדוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַיָּדוֹת (definite plural)
יְדוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
ידותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יְדוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יְדוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
יְדוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
יְדוֹת־ (construct plural)
יְדוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
יְדוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
יְדוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
יְדוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

he-decl

ידיים\יָדַיִם

→ English: yad

→ Dutch: jat

Dutch: jatten

/ˈjɔːð/ [ˈjɔːð]

/ˈjɔð/ [ˈjɔːð]

בִּקֵּשׁ אֶת יָדָהּ

to propose a marriage; to request her hand

בָּא לְיָדוֹ

to get a chance or an opportunity; to come to one's hand

מִכָּל הַבָּא לַיָּד

from what's available; from everything that comes to hand

(Judaism) yad (a pointer used in the ritual of Torah-reading)


צרפת

he-proper noun

צָרְפַת • (tsarfát) f

צָרְפַת (canonical)
tsarfát (romanization)

/sˤɔːrˈfaθ/ [sˤɔːʀˈfaːθ]

/sˤɔrəˈfaθ/ [sˤɔː.ræˈfæːθ]

Appears twice in the Hebrew Bible. In the Book of Obadiah next to ספרד, when that word acquired its meaning as Spain, צרפת acquired a meaning of the country bordering Spain, France.

קוּם לֵךְ צָרְפַתָה אֲשֶׁר לְצִידוֹן וְיָשַׁבְתָּ שָׁם הִנֵּה צִוִּיתִי שָׁם אִשָּׁה אַלְמָנָה לְכַלְכְּלֶךָ׃

Tanach, 1 Kings [[s:he:T09a17#יז_ט|17:9]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

‘Arise, get thee to Zarephath, which belongeth to Zidon, and dwell there; behold, I have commanded a widow there to sustain thee.’

kúm lékh tsar'fáta 'asher l'tsidón v'yashavtá shám hiné tsivíti shám 'ishá 'almaná l'khalk'lékha.
qūm lēḵ ṣārəp̄áṯā ʾăšer ləṣīḏōn wəyāšaḇtā šām hinnē ṣiwwī́ṯī šām ʾiššā ʾalmānā ləḵalkəléḵā.

וְגָלֻת הַחֵל־הַזֶּה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר־כְּנַעֲנִים עַד־צָרְפַת וְגָלֻת יְרוּשָׁלִַם אֲשֶׁר בִּסְפָרַד יִרְשׁוּ אֵת עָרֵי הַנֶּגֶב׃

Tanach, Obadiah [[s:he:T1601#א_כ|1:20]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel, that are among the Canaanites, even unto Zarephath, and the captivity of Jerusalem, that is in Sepharad, shall possess the cities of the South.

v'galút hakhél-hazé liv'néi yisra'él 'asher-k'na'aním 'ad-tsar'fát v'galút y'rushaláyim 'ashér bis'farád yir'shú 'ét 'aréi hanégev.
wḡālūṯ haḥēl-hazze liḇənē yiśrāʾēl ʾăšer-kənaʿănīm ʿaḏ-ṣārəp̄aṯ wəḡālūṯ yərūšāláyim ʾăšer bisəp̄āraḏ yīrəšū ʾēṯ ʿārē hannéḡeḇ.

(biblical, historical) Sarepta, Zarephath (Phoenician city in modern-day Lebanon)


רב

he-noun

רַב • (ráv) m (plural indefinite רַבִּים) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

רַב (canonical)
ráv (romanization)
רַבִּים (indefinite plural)

From the other of the roots ר־ב־ב (r-b-b).
* (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ʀav/

(biblical, obsolete) An archer: one who shoots arrows.


מגן דוד

מָגֵן דָּוִד

מָגִנֵּי דָּוִד

מָגֵן דָּוִד • (maɡén davíd) m (plural indefinite [מָגֵן]]_דָּוִד " lang="he">מגיני דוד / מָגִנֵּי דָּוִד)

מָגֵן דָּוִד (canonical)
maɡén davíd (romanization)
מגיני דוד (indefinite plural)
מָגִנֵּי דָּוִד (indefinite plural)

Star of David
Star of David#English:_Q161396

(Judaism) Star of David, Magen David, Shield of David


תורה

תּוֹרָה • (torá) f (plural indefinite תּוֹרוֹת, singular construct תּוֹרַת־, plural construct תּוֹרוֹת־) [pattern: תַּקְטָל]

תּוֹרָה (canonical)
torá (romanization)
תּוֹרוֹת (indefinite plural)
תּוֹרַת־ (construct singular)
תּוֹרוֹת־ (construct plural)

→ Arabic: التَّوْرَاة (at-tawrāh)

→ Catalan: Torà

→ Chinese: 妥拉 (Tuǒlā)

→ Czech: Tóra

→ English: Torah

→ Esperanto: Torao

→ French: Thora

→ Hungarian: Tóra

→ Interlingua: Torah

→ Italian: Torà

→ Ladino: תורה, tora

→ Polish: Tora

→ Portuguese: Torá

→ Spanish: Torá

→ Yiddish: תּורה (toyre)

/toːˈrɔː/ [tʰoːˈʀɔː]

/tøˈrɔ/ [tʰøːˈrɔː]

Representing a *tawrawat- prefixed from Proto-West Semitic *waraw- (“to throw, cast, lead, guide”). Compare Aramaic אוֹרַיְתָא (ʾōrayṯā), Ge'ez ኦሪት (ʾorit).

cog

Aramaic אוֹרַיְתָא (ʾōrayṯā)

פִּיהָ פָּתְחָה בְחׇכְמָה וְתוֹרַת חֶסֶד עַל לְשׁוֹנָהּ׃

She speaks with wisdom, and faithful instruction is on her tongue.

(Judaism) the Written Torah and Oral Torah; the Tanakh and Talmud


משיח

he-noun

מָשִׁיחַ • (mashíakh) m [pattern: קָטִיל]

מָשִׁיחַ (canonical)
mashíakh (romanization)

/mɔːˈʃiːħ/ [mɔːˈʃiː.jaħ]

[mɔːˈʃiɟ.ɟaħ]

From מָ־שַׁ־ח (mashákh, “to anoint”). Compare Aramaic מְשִׁיחַ (məšī́aḥ), Classical Syriac ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ), Arabic مَسِيح (masīḥ).

cog

Aramaic מְשִׁיחַ (məšī́aḥ)


כשר

כָּשֵׁר (canonical)
kashér (romanization)
כְּשֵׁרָה (feminine)
כְּשֵׁרִים (masculine plural)
כְּשֵׁרוֹת (feminine plural)

→ French: casher

→ Yiddish: כּשר (kosher)

→ Dutch: koosjer

→ English: kosher

→ German: koscher

→ Romanian: cușer

→ Russian: коше́рный (košérnyj)

הסוכה שלו אינה כשרה.


קבלה

he-proper noun

קַבָּלָה • (kabalá) f

קַבָּלָה (canonical)
kabalá (romanization)

(by extension, Judaism) Kabballah (a body of mystical Jewish teachings based on an esoteric reading of the Hebrew scriptures)

(Judaism, by extension) certification that one has studied sufficiently to serve as a shochet


ברית

he-noun

בְּרִית • (brit) f (plural indefinite בְּרִיתוֹת, singular construct בְּרִית־, plural construct בְּרִיתוֹת־)

בְּרִית (canonical)
brit (romanization)
בְּרִיתוֹת (indefinite plural)
בְּרִית־ (construct singular)
בְּרִיתוֹת־ (construct plural)
בְּרִית (indefinite singular)
בְּרִיתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
בְּרִיתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַבְּרִית (definite singular)
בְּרִיתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
בְּרִיתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
בְּרִיתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
בְּרִיתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
בְּרִית־ (construct singular)
בְּרִיתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
בְּרִיתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
בְּרִיתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
בְּרִיתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
בְּרִיתוֹת (indefinite plural)
בריתותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
בְּרִיתוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
בְּרִיתוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַבְּרִיתוֹת (definite plural)
בְּרִיתוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
בריתותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
בְּרִיתוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
בְּרִיתוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
בְּרִיתוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
בְּרִיתוֹת־ (construct plural)
בְּרִיתוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
בְּרִיתוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
בְּרִיתוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
בְּרִיתוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: עַל כׇּל עֲבֵירוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, בֵּין עָשָׂה תְּשׁוּבָה בֵּין לֹא עָשָׂה תְּשׁוּבָה — יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר, חוּץ מִפּוֹרֵק עוֹל, וּמְגַלֶּה פָּנִים בַּתּוֹרָה, וּמֵיפֵר בְּרִית בָּשָׂר

a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Yoma 85b:

Rabbi Judah the Prince says: any Biblical transgressions, whether repented for or not repented for, the Day of Atonement atones for them, except for rejecting the yoke of the commandments, improperly interpreting the Torah, and undoing the circumcision of the flesh.

Rabbi omér: 'al kol averót she-ba-toráh, bein 'asá tshuvá, bein lo 'asá tshuvá — yom ha-kippurím m'khapér, ḥutz mi-poréq 'ol, u-m'galléh paním ba-toráh, u-meyfér brit basar.

(Judaism) brit milah, bris, circumcision ritual


מוהל

מוֹהֵל • (mohél) m (plural indefinite מוֹהֲלִים, singular construct מוֹהֵל־, plural construct מוֹהֲלֵי־, feminine counterpart מוֹהֶלֶת)

מוֹהֵל (canonical)
mohél (romanization)
מוֹהֲלִים (indefinite plural)
מוֹהֵל־ (construct singular)
מוֹהֲלֵי־ (construct plural)
מוֹהֶלֶת (feminine)


זוהר

he-proper noun

זוהר / זֹהַר • (zóhar) m [pattern: קֹטֶל]

(Judaism) Zohar (a Jewish cabalistic book attributed by tradition to Rabbi Simon ben Yochi, who lived about the end of the 1st century AD)


יום

he-noun

יוֹם • (yom) m (dual indefinite יומיים / יוֹמַיִם, plural indefinite יָמִים, singular construct יוֹם־, plural construct יְמֵי־ or יְמוֹת־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

יוֹם (canonical)
yom (romanization)
יומיים (dual indefinite)
יוֹמַיִם (dual indefinite)
יָמִים (indefinite plural)
יוֹם־ (construct singular)
יְמֵי־ (construct plural)
יְמוֹת־ (construct plural)
יוֹם (indefinite singular)
יוֹמִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יוֹמֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַיּוֹם (definite singular)
יוֹמְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
יוֹמֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יוֹמְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
יוֹמְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
יוֹם־ (construct singular)
יוֹמוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
יוֹמָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
יוֹמָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
יוֹמָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
יומיים (dual indefinite)
יוֹמַיִם (dual indefinite)
יומיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יוֹמַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יוֹמֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
היומיים (definite dual)
הַיּוֹמַיִם (definite dual)
יוֹמֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
יומייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יוֹמַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יוֹמֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
יוֹמֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
יוֹמֵי־ (construct dual)
יוֹמָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
יוֹמֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
יוֹמֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
יוֹמֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
יָמִים (indefinite plural)
ימיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יָמַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
יָמֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַיָּמִים (definite plural)
יָמֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
ימייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יָמַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
יְמֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
יְמֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
יְמֵי־ (construct plural)
יָמָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
יָמֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
יְמֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
יְמֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

he-decl

יומיים\יוֹמַיִם

From Proto-Semitic *yawm-, with monophthongization of *aw. Cognate with Arabic يَوْم (yawm).

(Judaism) A time period from a nightfall until the following nightfall


יום כיפור

he-proper noun

יוֹם כִּיפּוּר

יוֹם כִּפּוּר

יוֹם כִּיפּוּר / יוֹם כִּפּוּר • (yom kipúr) m

יוֹם כִּיפּוּר (canonical)
יוֹם כִּפּוּר (canonical)
yom kipúr (romanization)

→ English: Yom Kippur

→ Finnish: Jom Kippur

→ French: Yom Kippour

→ German: Jom Kippur

→ Spanish: Yom Kipur

→ Swedish: jom kippur

→ Yiddish: יום־כּיפּור (yonkiper)

(Judaism) Yom Kippur (a particular Jewish holiday, the day of atonement, falling on the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei)


גלח

he-noun

גַּלָּח • (galákh) m (plural indefinite גַּלָּחִים) [pattern: קַטָּל]

גַּלָּח (canonical)
galákh (romanization)
גַּלָּחִים (indefinite plural)

From the root ג־ל־ח (related to shaving). The priest sense comes from the historic Christian practice of tonsure.


עבר

Cognate to Arabic عَبَرَ (ʕabara), and Akkadian ebēru.


מרים

he-proper noun

מִרְיָם • (miryám) f

מִרְיָם (canonical)
miryám (romanization)

desctree

→ Aramaic: מרים (maryám)
→ Classical Syriac: ܡܪܝܡ (maryam)
→ Arabic: مريم (maryam) (see there for further descendants)
→ Ancient Greek: Μαρία (María), Μαριᾱ́μ (Mariā́m) (see there for further descendants)

→ Czech: Miriam

→ Danish: Mirjam, Miriam

→ Dutch: Mirjam, Miriam

→ English: Miriam

→ Estonian: Mirjam

→ Faroese: Miriam

→ Finnish: Mirjami

→ French: Myriam, Miryam

→ German: Miriam, Mirjam

→ Hawaiian: Miriama, Miliama

→ Norwegian: Mirjam, Miriam

→ Portuguese: Maria, Miriam, Miriã

→ Slovene: Mirjam

→ Slovak: Miriam

→ Spanish: Miriam

→ Swedish: Mirjam, Miriam

→ Turkish: Meryem

Uncertain. Proposals include derivation from the root מ־ר־ר (m-r-r, “to be bitter”), or from the root מ־ר־י (m-r-y, “to mutiny, rebellion, disobedience”), or from Egyptian mry (“beloved”).

a female given name, Miriam
(biblical) Miriam


לאה

he-proper noun

לֵאָה • (Le'a)

From Proto-Semitic *layʾ-at- ~ laʾay-at- (“cow”), possibly from verbal root *l-ʾ-y "to be strong, mighty". Cognate with Akkadian 𒀖 (lītum, “cow”) and Arabic لَآة (laʔāh, “wild cow”).


רחל

→ German: Rahel

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥαχήλ (Rhakhḗl)

→ Old Armenian: Ռաքէլ (Ṙakʻēl)

→ Armenian: Ռաքել (Ṙakʻel)

→ Late Latin: Rachel

→ English: Rachel

→ Chinese: 拉結 /拉结 (Lājiē)

→ Yiddish: רייטשעל (reytshel)

→ Danish: Rakel

→ Greenlandic: Alaakkilli

→ Dutch: Rachel

→ Esperanto: Raĥel

→ Estonian: Raahel

→ Finnish: Raakel

→ French: Rachel

→ Galician: Raquel

→ German: Rachel

→ Hungarian: Ráchel

→ Icelandic: Rakel

→ Italian: Rachele

→ Lithuanian: Rachelė

→ Norman: Râché

→ Norwegian: Rakel

→ Polish: Rachela

→ Portuguese: Raquel

→ Japanese: ラケル (Rakeru)

→ Spanish: Raquel

→ Swedish: Rakel

→ Russian: Рахи́ль (Raxílʹ)

→ Hawaiian: Rāhela, Lāhela

→ Maori: Rāhera

→ Yiddish: רחל (Rokhl)

/rɔːˈħeːl/ [ʀɔˑˈħeː.el]

From Proto-Semitic *raḫil- (“ewe”). Cognate with Aramaic רַחְלָא (raḥlā) (absolutive: רְחֵל (rəḥēl)), Arabic رَخِل (raḵil) (also رِخْل (riḵl)).


מלכה

he-proper noun

מִלְכָּה • (milká) f [pattern: קִטְלָה]

מִלְכָּה (canonical)
milká (romanization)


אבטיח

he-noun

אֲבַטִּיחִים

אֲבַטִּיחַ • (avatíakh, 'avaṭṭíaḥ) m (plural indefinite אֲבַטִּיחִים)

אֲבַטִּיחַ (canonical)
avatíakh (romanization)
'avaṭṭíaḥ (romanization)
אֲבַטִּיחִים (indefinite plural)

Cognate with Aramaic אֲבַטִּיחָא and Arabic بَطِيخ (baṭīḵ), mentioned once, in the plural form, in the Hebrew Bible, Numbers 11:5 "זָכַרְנוּ אֶת־הַדָּגָה אֲשֶׁר־נֹאכַל בְּמִצְרַיִם חִנָּם; אֵת הַקִּשֻּׁאִים וְאֵת הָאֲבַטִּחִים". In the King James Version, אבטיחים is translated into "melons" rather than "watermelons": "We remember the fish, which we did eat in Egypt freely; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks".

cog

Aramaic אֲבַטִּיחָא

lang

זָכַרְנוּ אֶת־הַדָּגָה אֲשֶׁר־נֹאכַל בְּמִצְרַיִם חִנָּם אֵת הַקִּשֻּׁאִים וְאֵת הָאֲבַטִּחִים וְאֶת־הֶחָצִיר וְאֶת־הַבְּצָלִים וְאֶת־הַשּׁוּמִים׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0411#יא_ה|11:5]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

We remember the fish, which we were wont to eat in Egypt for nought; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, and the garlic;

zakhárnu et-hadagá ashér-nokhál b'mitsráyim khinám ét hakishu'ím v'ét ha'avatikhím v'et-hekhatsír v'et-hab'tsalím v'et-hashumím.
zāḵárnū ʾeṯ-haddāḡā ʾăšer-nōḵal bəmiṣráyim ḥinnām ʾēṯ haqqiššūʾīm wəʾēṯ hāʾăḇaṭṭīḥīm wəʾeṯ-heḥāṣīr wəʾeṯ-habbəṣālīm wəʾeṯ-haššūmīm.

(biblical) some species of fruit similar to the modern watermelon or melon


רוח הקדש

he-proper noun

רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ

רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ • (rúakh hakódesh, rūaḥ haqqōḏeš) m or f

רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (canonical)
rúakh hakódesh (romanization)
rūaḥ haqqōḏeš (romanization)
רוח הקודש (alternative)

desctree

Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον

→ Ancient Greek: Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Pneûma tò Hágion) (calque)
Greek: Άγιον Πνεύμα (Ágion Pnévma)
→ Latin: Spīritus Sānctus, spīritus sānctus (calque)
→ Old English: Hāliġ Gāst (calque)
Middle English: holigost
English: Holy Ghost
→ Old High German: heilagēr geist (calque)
Middle High German: heileger geist
German: Heiliger Geist
→ Finnish: Pyhä Henki (calque)

→ Yiddish: רוח־הקודש (Ruekh-Hakoydesh)

the Holy Spirit (literally: spirit of holiness)


יהוה

YHWH (romanization)
𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 (alternative)
ࠉࠡࠄࠅࠝࠄ (alternative)

→ English: Yahweh, Jehovah

→ Japanese: ヤハウェ (Yahawe)

→ Portuguese: Javé, Jeová (via Latin)

→ Chinese: 耶和華 /耶和华 (Yēhéhuá) (via English)

→ Esperanto: Javeo, Jehovo

→ Classical Syriac: ܝܗܘܗ

→ Arabic: يهوه (yahwah)

→ Spanish: Yavé, Jehová (via Latin)

ahistorical; based on יְהֹוָה. see usage notes.

Biblical Hebrew
David Noel Freedman
Frank Moore Cross
Julius Wellhausen
Karel van der Toorn
William F. Albright

The etymology of this theonym has been discussed very extensively in scholarly literature, but remains uncertain.
Lewis (2020) presents the scholarly consensus that יהוה (yhwh ~ Yahweh) is the verbal form, prefixed by 3rd singular masculine y-, of hyh ~ hwh ~ hwy "to be" (whose ancestor is reconstructed by Huehnergard (2011) as Proto-Semitic *hwy (“to fall, happen, be, become”)); Lewis further interprets Yahweh as a non-causative meaning "the [permanently] existing one; the god who is" and a pre-monarchic archaic vocalization from another dialect than classical Hebrew (hence Yahweh instead of expected **yihweh; compare יִהְיֶה (yihyeh, “he will be; it (masc.) will be”)).
Meanwhile, Lewis objects to some other major interpretations (which lack explicit attestations and linguistic connections made by native Biblical Hebrew speakers), namely:
* causative "he who causes to be" (reflecting Yahweh’s ability as a creator) by Albright, Freedman, & Cross (also by Huehnergard, 2011).
* "he blows (tr.)" (if true, then cognate with Arabic هَوَى (hawā, “to blow (intr.), to breeze, to waft”)) by van der Toorn or "he fells (with lightning)" by Wellhausen (if true, then causative of *hwy "to fall", whence Arabic هَوَى (hawā, “to descend, to sink”)).

cog

יהוה יהוה#Hebrew

(Judaism) Tetragrammaton (the word in four Hebrew letters יהוה (in transliteration as YHWH or JHVH) used as the ineffable name of God in the Hebrew Bible, variously rendered as Yahweh or Jehovah)

וּלְשֵׁ֤ת גַּם־הוּא֙ יֻלַּד־בֵּ֔ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֱנ֑וֹשׁ אָ֣ז הוּחַ֔ל לִקְרֹ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהֹוָֽהֹ

Tanach, [[s:he:T0104#ד_כו|4:26]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enosh; then began men to call upon the name of the Lord.

The proper, personal name of the Jewish and Christian God.


השם

head

הַשֵּׁם • (hashém)

הַשֵּׁם (canonical)
hashém (romanization)

English: Hashem

(Judaism, euphemistic, when quoting a text) a substitute for the Tetragrammaton, used to avoid taking the name in vain


אלוהים

he-noun

אלוהים / אֱלֹהִים • (elohím) m (singular construct אלוהי / אֱלֹהֵי־)

אֱלֹהִים (canonical)
elohím (romanization)
אלוהי (construct singular)
אֱלֹהֵי־ (construct singular)

desc

→ Arabic: إِلُوهِيم (ʔilūhīm)

→ Arabic: إِلُوهِيم (ʔilūhīm)

→ English: Elohim

→ Russian: Элохим (Eloxim)

→ Thai: เอโลฮิม (ee-roo-hím)

→ Hindi: एलोहिम (elohim)

From the plural of אֱלוֹהַּ (elóah, “god”).

Alternative form: אלוקים /אֱלֹקִים

בְּרֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָה תֹ֙הוּ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵי תְהוֹם וְרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּֽיִם׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי אוֹר וַֽיְהִי־אוֹר׃

When God began creating the heaven and the earth, while the earth was yet empty and formless and darkness was over the surface of the abyss, while the spirit of God hovered over the water's surface, God said: "There be light" and there was light.

אָֽנֹכִ֨י יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֽוֹצֵאתִ֩יךָ֩ מֵאֶ֨רֶץ מִצְרַ֜יִם מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֗ים

I am the Lord, your God, Who took you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.

Latter-day Saint
Latter-day Saint#English

(Judaism) Elohim (God; the name used for God in Hebrew scriptures, and used for the Father by Latter-day Saints.)


אל

he-noun

אֵל • (el) m (plural indefinite אלים, singular construct אל־, feminine counterpart אֵלָה)

אֵל (canonical)
el (romanization)
אלים (indefinite plural)
אל־ (construct singular)
אֵלָה (feminine)
אֵל (indefinite singular)
אֵלִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
אֵלֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הָאֵל (definite singular)
אֵלְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
אֵלֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
אֵלְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
אֵלְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
אֵל־ (construct singular)
אֵלוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
אֵלָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
אֵלָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
אֵלָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
אֵלִים (indefinite plural)
אליי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
אֵלַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
אֵלֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הָאֵלִים (definite plural)
אֵלֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
אלייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
אֵלַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
אֵלֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
אֵלֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
אֵלֵי־ (construct plural)
אֵלָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
אֵלֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
אֵלֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
אֵלֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *ʾil-. Cognate with Akkadian 𒀭 (ilum), Arabic إِل (ʔil), إِلَٰه (ʔilāh), Aramaic אלה (aláh).

god (a deity or supreme being; a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers, to which personhood is attributed)


אל

El, the chief deity in Canaanite religion


אל

he-m

אייל / אַיִל

אֵיל איל#Hebrew

אַיִל איל#Hebrew

defective spelling of אֵיל: singular construct state form of אַיִל (“pillar of an archway”) (Ezekiel 40:48).


אל שדי

he-proper noun

אֵל שַׁדַּי • (El Shadáy) m

אֵל שַׁדַּי (canonical)
El Shadáy (romanization)


אב

אָב • (áv) m

English: Av, Ab

German: Aw

חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים אֵרְעוּ אֶת אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּתַמּוּז וַחֲמִשָּׁה בְּתִשְׁעָה בְאָב.

Five things befell our ancestors on the seventeenth of Tammuz, and five things on the ninth of Av.

Ḥamishá d'varím er'ú et avoténu b-shiv'a asár b-Tammúz, va-ḥamishá b-tish'á b-Av.

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר שִׁילַת מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמִּשֶּׁנִּכְנַס אָב מְמַעֲטִין בְּשִׂמְחָה — כָּךְ מִשֶּׁנִּכְנַס אֲדָר מַרְבִּין בְּשִׂמְחָה.

a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Ta'anit 29a:

Said R. Judah son of Rav Shmuel son of Sheilath, in the name of Rav: just as when Av comes one decreases rejoicing, so too when Adar comes one increases rejoicing.

amár rav y'hudá b'reh d'rav shmu'él bar shilát mi-shmeh d'rav: k-shem she-mi-she-nikhnás av m'ma'tín b-simkhá — kakh mi-she-nikhnás adár marbín b-simkhá.

(Judaism) Av (the eleventh month of the civil year and the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tammuz and before Elul)


שמש

he-noun

שַׁמָּשׁ • (shamásh) m [pattern: קַטָּל]

שַׁמָּשׁ (canonical)
shamásh (romanization)

→ English: shamash

desctree

→ Yiddish: שמשׂ (shames)
→ Dutch: sjammes
→ English: shammes

(Judaism) shamash (the candle used to light the other eight candles of a Hanukkah menorah or hanukkiah)


מצרים

he-proper noun

מִצְרַיִם • (mitsráyim) f (Biblical Hebrew pausal form מִצְרָיִם)

מִצְרַיִם (canonical)
mitsráyim (romanization)
form מִצְרָיִם (Biblical-Hebrew pausal)

From a common Semitic source; compare Arabic مِصْر (miṣr) and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm). The ending is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Connections have also been drawn to מֶצֶר (métser, “border, limit”) and מיצר / מֵצַר (meitsár, “sea strait”).

(biblical) Mizraim, son of Ham and grandson of Noah


שבר

he-noun

שֶׁבֶר • (shéver) m (plural indefinite שְׁבָרִים, singular construct שֶׁבֶר־, plural construct שִׁבְרֵי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

שֶׁבֶר (canonical)
shéver (romanization)
שְׁבָרִים (indefinite plural)
שֶׁבֶר־ (construct singular)
שִׁבְרֵי־ (construct plural)

From Proto-Semitic *ṯabar- (“to break”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒊺𒁉𒀸 (šebērum) and Arabic ثَبَرَ (ṯabara, “to destroy”).

אַתְקֵין רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ בְּקֵסָרִי: תְּקִיעָה, שְׁלֹשָׁה שְׁבָרִים, תְּרוּעָה, תְּקִיעָה.

a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Rosh Hashanah 34a:

Rabbi Abahi established in Caesaria: one long blast, three medium-short blasts, one wavering blast, one long blast.

Atqín Rabbí Abáhu b-Qesarí: tqi'áh, shloshá sh'varím, tru'áh, tqi'áh.

(Judaism) a medium-short blast on a shofar (almost always plural)


תרגום

תַּרְגּוּם • (targúm) m

תַּרְגּוּם (canonical)
targúm (romanization)

(specifically, Judaism) targum (an Aramaic translation of the Tanakh written or compiled between the Second Temple period and the early Middle Ages)


שלמה

שְׁלֹמֹה (canonical)
sh'lomo (romanization)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Σολομών (Solomṓn), Σαλομών (Salomṓn), Σαλωμών (Salōmṓn), Σολομῶν (Solomôn), Σολωμών (Solōmṓn)
Greek: Σολομών (Solomón)
→ Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌼𐍉𐌽 (saulaumōn)
→ Latin: Solomon
→ English: Solomon
→ Classical Syriac: ܫܠܹܝܡܘܿܢ (šlēmōn)
→ Arabic: سُلَيْمَان (sulaymān)
→ Azerbaijani: Süleyman
→ Chinese: 蘇萊曼 /苏莱曼 (Sūláimàn) (transliteration)
→ English: Suleiman
→ Kazakh: Сүлеймен (Süleimen)
→ Persian: سلیمان
→ Portuguese: Soeima
→ Turkish: Süleyman
→ Spanish: Zulema, Zuleima

→ Yiddish: שלמה (shloyme)
→ Dutch: Sjloume


אבגתא

he-proper noun

אֲבַגְתָא or אבגתא • (avagtá or aḇagṯā) m

אֲבַגְתָא (canonical)
אבגתא (canonical)
avagtá (romanization)
aḇagṯā (romanization)

Probably from Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /baga/) + 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬 (d-d-a-tu /dātā/, “given”), thus literally "God-given"

בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי כְּטוֹב לֵב־הַמֶּלֶךְ בַּיָּיִן אָמַר לִמְהוּמָן בִּזְּתָא חַרְבוֹנָא בִּגְתָא וַאֲבַגְתָא זֵתַר וְכַרְכַּס שִׁבְעַת הַסָּרִיסִים הַמְשָׁרְתִים אֶת־פְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ׃

Tanach, Esther [[s:he:T3301#א_יא|1:11]], with translation of the New International Version:

On the seventh day, when King Xerxes was in high spirits from wine, he commanded the seven eunuchs who served him—Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar and Karkas—


מנורה

he-noun

מְנוֹרָה • (m'norá) f (plural indefinite מְנוֹרוֹת, singular construct מְנוֹרַת־, plural construct מְנוֹרוֹת־)

מְנוֹרָה (canonical)
m'norá (romanization)
מְנוֹרוֹת (indefinite plural)
מְנוֹרַת־ (construct singular)
מְנוֹרוֹת־ (construct plural)
מְנוֹרָה (indefinite singular)
מְנוֹרָתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְנוֹרָתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמְּנוֹרָה (definite singular)
מְנוֹרָתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְנוֹרָתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְנוֹרַתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְנוֹרַתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְנוֹרַת־ (construct singular)
מְנוֹרָתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְנוֹרָתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְנוֹרָתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְנוֹרָתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְנוֹרוֹת (indefinite plural)
מנורותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְנוֹרוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְנוֹרוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמְּנוֹרוֹת (definite plural)
מְנוֹרוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מנורותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְנוֹרוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְנוֹרוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְנוֹרוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְנוֹרוֹת־ (construct plural)
מְנוֹרוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְנוֹרוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְנוֹרוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְנוֹרוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

→ Dutch: menora

→ English: menorah

→ Esperanto: menoro, menorao

→ Finnish: menora

→ German: Menora

→ Hungarian: menóra

→ Italian: menorah

→ Japanese: メノーラー (menōrā)

→ Korean: 메노라 (menora)

→ Ladino: menora

→ Lithuanian: menora

→ Macedonian: мено́ра (menóra)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: menora

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: menora

→ Polish: menora

→ Portuguese: menorá

→ Russian: мено́ра (menóra)

→ Serbo-Croatian: menora

→ Spanish: menora, menorá

→ Swedish: menora

→ Turkish: menora

→ Yiddish: מנורה (mnóyre)

Cognate with Aramaic מְנָרְתָא (mənārəṯā), Arabic مَنَارَة (manāra).

cog

Aramaic מְנָרְתָא (mənārəṯā)

A menorah or other candelabrum.
(Ashkenazi Hebrew) hanukkiah

A menorah or other candelabrum.
hanukkiah


נתן

he-proper noun

נָתָן • (natán) m

Compare Classical Syriac ܢܬܢ (nəṯan, “to give”) and Akkadian 𒈾𒁕𒉡𒌝 (nadānum, “to give”). Possibly cognate with Arabic نَتَنَ (natana, “to give off a foul smell, to stink”), which may have undergone semantic narrowing.

cog

(biblical) Nathan (an Old Testament prophet who advised King David)


אבישלום

he-proper noun

אֲבִישָׁלוֹם

אֲבִישָׁלוֹם • (avishalóm) m

אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (canonical)
avishalóm (romanization)
אַבְשָׁלוֹם (alternative)

→ Old Armenian: Աբիսողոմ (Abisołom)

Armenian: Աբիսողոմ (Abisoġom)

→ Koine Greek: Ἀβεσσαλώμ (Abessalṓm)

desctree

→ Latin: Abessālōm, Abessālōn, Absālōm, Absālōmus
→ Old Irish: Abisolón

→ Russian: Авессало́м (Avessalóm)

From אֲבִי (aví, “Singular construct form of אָב (av)”, literally “father of”) + שָׁלוֹם (shalóm, “peace”), thus father of peace.

affix

Singular construct form of <i class="Hebr mention" lang="he">אָב</i> (av)

a male given name, equivalent to English Avshalom or Absalom

(biblical) Absalom (the third son of David, king of Israel)


רבה

he-noun

רַבָּה • (rabá) f (plural indefinite רַבּוֹת, singular construct רַבַּת־, masculine counterpart רַב)

רַבָּה (canonical)
rabá (romanization)
רַבּוֹת (indefinite plural)
רַבַּת־ (construct singular)
רַב (masculine)

A female rabbi in more liberal streams of Judaism


רבה

head

רַבָּה • (rabá)

(biblical, historical) Rabbah, a former name of Amman, Jordan


אדר

he-proper noun

אֲדָר • (adár) m

he:אדר (פירושונים)

לְקַיֵּם עֲלֵיהֶם לִהְיוֹת עֹשִׂים אֵת יוֹם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר לְחֹדֶשׁ אֲדָר וְאֵת יוֹם־חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ בְּכׇל־שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה׃

Tanach, Esther [[s:he:T3309#ט_כא|9:21]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

to enjoin them that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly.

l'kayém alehém lih'yót osím et yom arba'á asár l'khódesh adár v'et yom khamishá asár bo b'khol shaná v'shaná.

קָרְאוּ אֶת הַמְּגִלָּה בַּאֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן וְנִתְעַבְּרָה הַשָּׁנָה, קוֹרִין אוֹתָהּ בַּאֲדָר הַשֵּׁנִי, אֵין בֵּין אֲדָר הָרִאשׁוֹן לַאֲדָר הַשֵּׁנִי אֶלָּא קְרִיאַת הַמְּגִלָּה וּמַתָּנוֹת לָאֶבְיוֹנִים:

If they read the scroll in First Adar, and then the year was intercalcated, they read it in Second Adar. The only difference between First Adar and Second Adar is in the reading of the scroll and gifts to the poor.

Qar'ú et ha-mgilá ba'adár ha-rishon v'nit'arbá ha-shaná, korín otáh ba'adar ha-shení, en ben adar harishón la'adár ha-shení éla k'ri'át ham'gilá umatanót la'evyoním.

amár rav y'hudá b'reh d'rav shmu'él bar shilát mishmeh d'rav: k'shem she-mi-she-nikhnás av m'ma'tín b'simkhá — kakh mi-she-nikhnás adár marbín b'simkhá.

(Judaism) Adar (the sixth month of the civil year and the twelfth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Shevat and before Nisan)


כנען

כְּנַעַן • (k'ná'an) m

כְּנַעַן (canonical)
k'ná'an (romanization)

Uncertain. Suggested to be from a West Semitic root from the base verb *kanaʕ- (“to be low, humble, subjugated”), Hebrew כָּנַע (kānaʕ), Aramaic כְּנַע (kənaʕ, “to bend, to kneel”), Arabic قَنَعَ (qanaʕa, “to beg”), Ge'ez አቅንዐ (ʾäḳnəʿä, “to arrange”), which could have been used in contrast with אֲרַם (“Aram”) with the latter derived from a word for highlands. Compare Phoenician 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 (knʿn), Arabic كَنْعَانُ (kanʕānu).

cog

(biblical) Canaan, the land inhabited by Canaan: the Land of Canaan.


שמשון

he-proper noun

שִׁמְשׁוֹן • (shimshón) m [pattern: קִטְלוֹן]

שִׁמְשׁוֹן (canonical)
shimshón (romanization)

(biblical) Samson (an Israelite judge in the Old Testament who performed feats of strength against the Philistines but was betrayed by Delilah his mistress)


שמעון

שִׁמְעוֹן • (shim'ón) m [pattern: קִטְלוֹן]

שִׁמְעוֹן (canonical)
shim'ón (romanization)

→ Arabic: شمعون (šamʕūn)

→ Arabic: سمعان (simʕān)

→ Classical Syriac: ܫܡܥܘܢ (šemʿōn)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Σῠμεών (Sŭmeṓn), Σίμων (Símōn)

Traditionally derived from שָׁמַע (shamá', “to hear, listen”).
Alternatively, Hitzig, W. R. Smith, Stade, and Kerber compare it to Arabic سِمع (“the offspring of the hyena and the female wolf”); as supports, Smith points to Arabic tribal names Simˤ "a subdivision of the defenders (the Medinites)" and Samˤān "a subdivision of Tamim".

cog

Simeon, Simon (any of several Biblical figures).

(biblical) Simeon (second son of Jacob, by his wife Leah)


לוי

he-proper noun

לֵוִי • (leví) m

Uncertain; possibly transliterated from לוי (yillaweh, “he will join”), or possibly loaned from Minaean 𐩡𐩥𐩱 (lawiʾu, “priest”). More at Levi.

(biblical) Levi (the third son of Jacob, by his wife Leah)


משה

מֹשֶׁה • (moshé) m

According to the etymology found in Exodus 2:10 semantically equivalent to מָשׁוּי (mashúy, “drawn out [of water]”), since Moses was found in a floating basket on the Nile by Pharaoh's daughter.

(biblical) Moses (the pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran)


תלמי

תַּלְמַי • (talmáy)

תַּלְמַי (canonical)
talmáy (romanization)

Perhaps related to תֶּלֶם (télem, “furrow, ridge”). Later associated with Ancient Greek Πτολεμαῖος (Ptolemaîos).

(biblical) Talmai, one of several biblical figures


בנימין

בִּנְיָמִין • (binyamín) m

בִּנְיָמִין (canonical)
binyamín (romanization)

From בן and ימין; son of (the) right hand; Binjamin, youngest son of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory.

(biblical) Benjamin (the youngest of the sons of Jacob and Rachel in the Bible)


עברה

he-noun

עֶבְרָה • (evrá) f [pattern: קִטְלָה]


עברה

עֲבָרָה • (avará) f

עֲבָרָה (canonical)
avará (romanization)


דניאל

he-proper noun

דָּנִיֵּאל • (daniyél) m or f

דָּנִיֵּאל (canonical)
daniyél (romanization)

From דָּן (dan, “one who judges [of]”) + ־י (-i, “me”) + אֵל (el, “God”), literally “God is my judge”.

af

Daniel (a book in the Old Testament of the Bible)

(biblical) Daniel (the prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel)


דן

Traditionally taken to be from דָּן (dan, “Dan (one of the sons of Jacob in the Bible)”), whose name perhaps derived from the same root ד־ו־ן (d-w-n) as above, but modern scholars frequently view this figure as an after-the-fact eponym and connect the tribal name to other words and names, such as Denyen.

(biblical) Dan (the fifth son of Jacob and Bilhah (who was Rachel's handmaid))


יה

Contracted form of יהוה (“YHWH, Yahweh, Jehovah”).

Jah, one of the names of God and a common theophoric element in Hebrew names.


יאשיהו

he-proper noun

יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ

יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ • (yoshiyahu) m

יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ (canonical)
yoshiyahu (romanization)

From the root א־ש־י (“related to supporting”) + ־יהו (-yáhu), literally “The Lord will support him”

af

Josiah, the name of two Israelites.
(biblical) Josiah (a king of Judah)

Josiah, the name of two Israelites.
Josiah (a king of Judah)


זבולון

he-proper noun

זְבוּלוּן • (z'vulún) m

זְבוּלוּן (canonical)
z'vulún (romanization)
זְבֻלוּן (alternative)
זְבוּלֻן (alternative)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ζαβουλών (Zaboulṓn)
English: Zabulon, Zebulon (influenced by Zebulun)
Greek: Ζαβουλών (Zavoulón)
Latin: Zabūlōn

(biblical) Zebulun (tenth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah)


עלי

he-proper noun

עֵלִי • (eli) m

From Proto-Semitic *ʕall-, *ʕaly- (“high; height, elevation”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʕal-, *ʕVl(ay)- (“to be high, tall; to rise; mountain”).
Related to Arabic عَلِيّ (ʕaliyy, “to be high, exalted; Ali (exalted one)”), Maltese għoli.

cog

(biblical) Eli (the priest who brought up Samuel)


עלי

he-prep

עֲלֵי • (alé)

Cognate to Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā), Maltese għal.

(biblical, poetic) Alternative form of עַל (al)


הבל

→ Ancient Greek: Ἅβελ (Hábel) (see there for further descendants)

→ Arabic: هَابِيل (hābīl)

→ Ewe: Habel

→ Yiddish: הבל (hevl)

(biblical) Abel (the son of Adam and Eve who was killed by his brother Cain)


אביה

he-proper noun

אֲבִיָּה or אביה • (aviyá or ʾăḇiyyā) m or f

אֲבִיָּה (canonical)
אביה (canonical)
aviyá (romanization)
ʾăḇiyyā (romanization)

From אָבִי יָהּ (ʾāḇī yāh, “Jah is my father”).

(biblical) Abijah (king of Judah after Rehoboam, the first to begin reign over Judah only; the father of Asa)


נצרות

he-noun

נַצְרוּת • (natsrút) f

נַצְרוּת (canonical)
natsrút (romanization)

From נָצְרַת (natsrát, “Nazareth”), the city of Jesus' origin, and thus the Hebrew term to identify Christians.


בית הכרם

he-proper noun

בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם

בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם • (bet hakérem) m

בֵּית הַכֶּרֶם (canonical)
bet hakérem (romanization)

From בֵּית (“house of”) + הַכֶּרֶם (“the vineyard”), thus literally "the house of the vineyard".


פאה

he-proper noun

פֵּאָה • (pe'á)

(Judaism) One of the 613 commandments: to leave a corner of the field uncut for the poor.


חדר

he-noun

חֶדֶר • (khéder) m (plural indefinite חֲדָרִים, singular construct חֲדַר־, plural construct חַדְרֵי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

חֶדֶר (canonical)
khéder (romanization)
חֲדָרִים (indefinite plural)
חֲדַר־ (construct singular)
חַדְרֵי־ (construct plural)

חֶדֶר, khéder

חֲדַר־, khadár-

(education, Judaism) cheder (an elementary school for Jewish children, teaching basic Judaism and Hebrew)


אשה

אִשֶּׁה • ('ishé) f (plural indefinite אִשִּׁים, singular construct אִשֵּׁה־, plural construct אִשֵּׁי־)

אִשֶּׁה (canonical)
'ishé (romanization)
אִשִּׁים (indefinite plural)
אִשֵּׁה־ (construct singular)
אִשֵּׁי־ (construct plural)

Related to אֵשׁ ('ésh, “fire”), which is from Proto-Semitic *ʾiš-.


אנוש

he-proper noun

אֱנוֹשׁ • (enósh) m

אֱנוֹשׁ (canonical)
enósh (romanization)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔināš-. Max Wagner thinks it is an old borrowing from Aramaic אֱינָשׁ (ʾěnāš) under Hebraization of the vocalism.

bor

Aramaic אֱינָשׁ (ʾěnāš)


לחי

he-noun

לְחִי or לֶחִי • (lekhí or lékhi) f (plural indefinite לְחָיַיִם, singular construct לְחִי־, plural construct לְחָיֵי־)

לְחִי (canonical)
לֶחִי (canonical)
lekhí (romanization)
lékhi (romanization)
לְחָיַיִם (indefinite plural)
לְחִי־ (construct singular)
לְחָיֵי־ (construct plural)

→ English: lechi

הֶכְשֵׁר מָבוֹי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֶחִי וְקוֹרָה, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לְחָיַיִן.

Of the fitness of an entryway, the House of Shammai says, "A doorpost and a beam," and the house of Hillel says, "A doorpost or a beam." Rabbi Eliezer says, "Two doorposts."

Hekhshér mavóy, beit Shamái omrím, leḥi v-qorá, u-veit Hillél omrím, leḥi o qorá. Rábbi Eli'ézer omér, leḥayáyin.


מלאכה

מְלָאכָה • (m'lakhá, məlāḵā́) f (plural indefinite מְלָאכוֹת, singular construct מְלֶאכֶת־, plural construct מְלָאכוֹת־)

מְלָאכָה (canonical)
m'lakhá (romanization)
məlāḵā́ (romanization)
מְלָאכוֹת (indefinite plural)
מְלֶאכֶת־ (construct singular)
מְלָאכוֹת־ (construct plural)
מְלָאכָה (indefinite singular)
מְלַאכְתִּי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְלַאכְתֵּנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמְּלָאכָה (definite singular)
מְלַאכְתְּךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלַאכְתֵּךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלַאכְתְּכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְלַאכְתְּכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְלֶאכֶת־ (construct singular)
מְלַאכְתּוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלַאכְתָּהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלַאכְתָּם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְלַאכְתָּן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְלָאכוֹת (indefinite plural)
מלאכותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְלָאכוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְלָאכוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמְּלָאכוֹת (definite plural)
מְלָאכוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מלאכותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלָאכוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלָאכוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְלָאכוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְלָאכוֹת־ (construct plural)
מְלָאכוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלָאכוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלָאכוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְלָאכוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

Contracted from *מְלְאָכָה (*məlʾāḵā́), related to מַלְאָךְ (mal'ákh, “messenger”).

מְלָאכוּתִי

resultant of reformative work rather than natural process

(Jewish law) Any activity forbidden on Shabbat and other holy days


תולדה

תּוֹלָדָה • (toladá) f (plural indefinite תּוֹלָדוֹת, singular construct תּוֹלְדַת־, plural construct תּוֹלְדוֹת־)

תּוֹלָדָה (canonical)
toladá (romanization)
תּוֹלָדוֹת (indefinite plural)
תּוֹלְדַת־ (construct singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹת־ (construct plural)
תּוֹלָדָה (indefinite singular)
תּוֹלְדָתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תּוֹלְדָתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַתּוֹלָדָה (definite singular)
תּוֹלְדָתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
תּוֹלְדָתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תּוֹלְדַתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
תּוֹלְדַתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
תּוֹלְדַת־ (construct singular)
תּוֹלְדָתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
תּוֹלְדָתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
תּוֹלְדָתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
תּוֹלְדָתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
תּוֹלָדוֹת (indefinite plural)
תולדותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַתּוֹלָדוֹת (definite plural)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
תולדותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹת־ (construct plural)
תּוֹלְדוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)


אדם

he-proper noun

אָדָם • (adám) m

Comparable to Phoenician 𐤀𐤃𐤌 (ʾdm, “man, earthling”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎄𐎎 (ảdm, “man; red earth, red ochre”), Old South Arabian 𐩱𐩵𐩣 (ʾdm, “vassals, subjects”), Ge'ez ዶም (dom, “slave”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒄠𒈬 (a-da-am-mu /adamu/, “blood”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈠𒌈 (a-da-ma-tum /adamātu/, “dark red earth or dye”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (a-da-mu /adamu/, “a red garment”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (a-da-mu /adamu/, “an important or noble person”).
Further discussion
The meaning range points to these words are extensions from Proto-Semitic *dam- (“blood”), compare the Palestinian Aramaic forms of it אדם / אידם / ܐܕܡ (ʾəḏem, “blood”).
The semantic development could be any of the following:
# “blood” → “red earth”, “red ochre” → “earthling”;
# “blood” → “man”, as blood is a main ingredient of humans;
# “blood” → “red earth”, “red ochre” → “the dye to paint idols” → hence “an idol” → “an effigy, a likeness” → “a man”;
# “blood” → “blood sacrifice to appease an idol” → hence “an idol” → “an effigy, a likeness” → “a man”;
# “blood” → “red” → “to show red blood in the face, e.g. to blush” → “a human”.
Compare Arabic دُمْيَة (dumya, “statue, idol; effigy, likeness; doll, puppet”), دَمَّ (damma, “to bedaub”).

cog

[ʔɔˑˈðɔː.ɔm]

[ʔɔ(ː)ˈðɔːm]

a male given name, equivalent to English Adam

(Abrahamism, religion) Adam (the first man and the progenitor of the human race)


עפר

he-noun

עָפָר • (afár, ʿāp̄ār) m (no plural forms, singular construct עֲפַר־) [pattern: קָטָל]

עָפָר (canonical)
afár (romanization)
ʿāp̄ār (romanization)
עֲפַר־ (construct singular)
עָפָר (indefinite singular)
עֲפָרִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
עֲפָרֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הָעָפָר (definite singular)
עֲפָרְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
עֲפָרֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
עֲפַרְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
עֲפַרְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
עֲפַר־ (construct singular)
עֲפָרוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
עֲפָרָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
עֲפָרָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
עֲפָרָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
עֲפָרִים (indefinite plural)
עפריי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
עֲפָרַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
עֲפָרֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הָעֲפָרִים (definite plural)
עֲפָרֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
עפרייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
עֲפָרַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
עֲפָרֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
עֲפָרֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
עֲפָרֵי־ (construct plural)
עֲפָרָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
עֲפָרֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
עֲפָרֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
עֲפָרֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

Perhaps related to אֵפֶר ('éfer, ʾḗp̄er, “ash”). From Proto-Semitic *ʕapar- (“dust”). Compare Aramaic עַפְרָא (ʿap̄rā, “dust”) (absolutive: עֲפָר (ʿăp̄ār)), Arabic غَبَرَة (ḡabara) / غُبَار (ḡubār, “dust”), (perhaps borrowed from Aramaic) عَفَر (ʕafar, “dust”), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎔𐎗 (ʿpr) and Akkadian 𒅖 (eperum, “dust; soil, earth”).


נשמה

he-noun

נְשָׁמָה • (neshamá) f (plural indefinite נְשָׁמוֹת, singular construct נִשְׁמַת־, plural construct נִשְׁמוֹת־)

נְשָׁמָה (canonical)
neshamá (romanization)
נְשָׁמוֹת (indefinite plural)
נִשְׁמַת־ (construct singular)
נִשְׁמוֹת־ (construct plural)
נְשָׁמָה (indefinite singular)
נִשְׁמָתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
נִשְׁמָתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַנְּשָׁמָה (definite singular)
נִשְׁמָתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
נִשְׁמָתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
נִשְׁמַתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
נִשְׁמַתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
נִשְׁמַת־ (construct singular)
נִשְׁמָתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
נִשְׁמָתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
נִשְׁמָתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
נִשְׁמָתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
נְשָׁמוֹת (indefinite plural)
נשמותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
נִשְׁמוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
נִשְׁמוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַנְּשָׁמוֹת (definite plural)
נִשְׁמוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
נשמותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
נִשְׁמוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
נִשְׁמוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
נִשְׁמוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
נִשְׁמוֹת־ (construct plural)
נִשְׁמוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
נִשְׁמוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
נִשְׁמוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
נִשְׁמוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

desctree

Yiddish: נשמה (neshome), נעשאָמע (neshome) — Soviet phonetic spelling
→ Dutch: nesjomme

From the root נ־שׁ־ם , probably related to Arabic ن_س_م.


עדן

he-proper noun

עֵדֶן • (éden) m

Some propose a derivation from Akkadian 𒂊𒁲𒉡 (edinu, “desert, steppe”), itself a loan from Sumerian 𒂔 (eden, “plain, open country”). Alternately, a derivation from the same Proto-Semitic root as dialectical Arabic عَدَّان (ʕiddān or ʕaddān), having the meaning "biding place"/"place of remaining", "an abode".


עדן

he-proper noun

עַדֶּן • (áden) f

Aden (a port city and largest city in Yemen)


עדן

he-noun

עִדָּן • ('idán) m

עידן עידן#Hebrew


פישון

he-proper noun

פִּישׁוֹן • (pishón) m

פִּישׁוֹן (canonical)
pishón (romanization)

Supposedly from the root פ־ו־שׁ (p-v-sh) or פ־י־שׁ (p-y-sh), meaning "to spring about".

שֵׁם הָאֶחָד פִּישֹׁון הוּא הַסֹּבֵב אֵת כָּל־אֶרֶץ הַחֲוִילָה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם הַזָּהָב׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0102#ב_יא|2:11]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

The name of the first is Pishon; that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;


חוילה

חֲוִילָה • (khavilá)

חֲוִילָה (canonical)
khavilá (romanization)

שֵׁם הָֽאֶחָד פִּישֹׁון הוּא הַסֹּבֵב אֵת כָּל־אֶרֶץ הַֽחֲוִילָה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם הַזָּהָֽב׃

A land mentioned in the Book of Genesis.


גיחון

גִּיחוֹן • (gikhon) m

גִּיחוֹן (canonical)
gikhon (romanization)

(Abrahamism) Gihon (a river issuing out of the Garden of Eden)


כוש

כּוּשׁ • (kúsh)

English: Cush

Oromo: Kuush

Perhaps from Egyptian kꜣš (“Cush, Upper Nubia”).
k-A-S:N25

(biblical) Cush (the son of Ham, grandson of Noah, and supposed progenitor of the African peoples)


אשור

אַשּׁוּר • (ashúr, ʾaššûr) m

אַשּׁוּר (canonical)
ashúr (romanization)
ʾaššûr (romanization)

The sense Assyria ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital.

(biblical) Ashur (a grandson of Noah in Genesis). Also Ashshur, Assur.


חוה

→ Ancient Greek: Εὔα (Eúa) (see there for further descendants)

→ Arabic: حواء (ḥawwāʔ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Classical Syriac: ܚܰܘܳܐ (ḥawwā)

→ Yiddish: חווה (khave)

From Proto-Semitic *ḥyw (“to live”); cognate with Hebrew חַי (kháy, “alive”).

(Abrahamism, biblical) Eve (the first woman and mother of the human race; Adam's wife)


אהרן

אַהֲרֹן • (aharón) m

אַהֲרֹן (canonical)
aharón (romanization)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀαρών (Aarṓn) (see there for further descendants)

→ Arabic: هَارُون (hārūn) (see there for further descendants)

→ Armenian: Ահարոն (Aharon)

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܰܗܪܽܘܢ
→ Malayalam: അഹറോൻ (ahaṟōṉ)

→ English: Aharon

→ Hawaiian: ʻĀʻārona, ʻĀʻālona

→ Latin: Aharōn

→ Yiddish: אהרן (Arn)

Of unknown meaning, possibly meaning “bearer of martyrs”, or perhaps also, or instead, related to the Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (“warrior lion”), though it has been suggested to also mean “elevated”, “exalted” or “high mountain”.

וַיִּחַר־אַף יְהוָה בְּמֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמֶר הֲלֹא אַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ הַלֵּוִי יָדַעְתִּי כִּי־דַבֵּר יְדַבֵּר הוּא וְגַם הִנֵּה־הוּא יֹצֵא לִקְרָאתֶךָ וְרָאֲךָ וְשָׂמַח בְּלִבּוֹ׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0204#ד_יד|4:14]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Moses, and He said: ‘Is there not Aaron thy brother the Levite? I know that he can speak well. And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee; and when he seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart.

וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נָסְעוּ מִבְּאֵרֹת בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָן מוֹסֵרָה שָׁם מֵת אַהֲרֹן וַיִּקָּבֵר שָׁם וַיְכַהֵן אֶלְעָזָר בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0510#י_ו|10:6]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

And the children of Israel journeyed from Beeroth-benejaakan to Moserah; there Aaron died, and there he was buried; and Eleazar his son ministered in the priest's office in his stead.

(biblical) Aaron (the elder brother of Moses in the Book of the Exodus, and in the Quran)


יהודי

he-adj

יְהוּדִי • (yehudí) (feminine יְהוּדִית or יְהוּדִיָּה, masculine plural יְהוּדִיִים, feminine plural יְהוּדִיוֹת)

יְהוּדִי (canonical)
yehudí (romanization)
יְהוּדִית (feminine)
יְהוּדִיָּה (feminine)
יְהוּדִיִים (masculine plural)
יְהוּדִיוֹת (feminine plural)

אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדִ֔י הָיָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ מׇרְדֳּכַ֗י בֶּ֣ן יָאִ֧יר בֶּן־שִׁמְעִ֛י בֶּן־קִ֖ישׁ אִ֥ישׁ יְמִינִֽי׃

Tanach, Esther [[s:he:T3302#ב_ה|2:5]], with translation of International Standard Version:

In Susa the capital there was a Jewish man from the tribe of Benjamin, Jair's son Mordecai, who was a descendant of Kish's son Shimei the descendant of Benjamin.

Jewish: being a Jew, or relating to Jews or Judaism.


תרגום השבעים

he-proper noun

תַּרְגּוּם הַשִּׁבְעִים

תַּרְגּוּם הַשִּׁבְעִים • (targum ha-shiv‘ím) m

תַּרְגּוּם הַ שִּׁבְעִים (canonical)
targum ha-shiv‘ím (romanization)


ערבית

עַרְבִית (canonical)
‘arvít (romanization)

An adjectival form derived from עֶרֶב (érev, “evening”), first attested in Mishnaic Hebrew.

(Judaism) Maariv (a Jewish prayer service held in the evening or at night)


ציפור

he-noun

ציפור / צִפּוֹר • (tsipór) f (plural indefinite ציפורים / צִפֳּרִים or ציפורים / צִפּוֹרִים) [pattern: קִטּוֹל]

צִפּוֹר (canonical)
tsipór (romanization)
ציפורים (indefinite plural)
צִפֳּרִים (indefinite plural)
צִפּוֹרִים (indefinite plural)
ציפור (indefinite singular)
צִפּוֹר (indefinite singular)
ציפורי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
צִפּוֹרִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
ציפורנו (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
צִפּוֹרֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הציפור (definite singular)
הַצִּפּוֹר (definite singular)
ציפורך (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
צִפּוֹרְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
ציפורך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
צִפּוֹרֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
ציפורכם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
צִפּוֹרְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
ציפורכן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
צִפּוֹרְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
ציפור־ (construct singular)
צִפּוֹר־ (construct singular)
ציפורו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
צִפּוֹרוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
ציפורה (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
צִפּוֹרָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
ציפורם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
צִפּוֹרָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
ציפורן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
צִפּוֹרָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
ציפורים (indefinite plural)
צִפֳּרִים (indefinite plural)
ציפוריי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
צִפֳּרַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
ציפורינו (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
צִפֳּרֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הציפורים (definite plural)
הַצִּפֳּרִים (definite plural)
ציפוריך (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
צִפֳּרֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
ציפורייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
צִפֳּרַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
ציפוריכם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
צִפֳּרֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
ציפוריכן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
צִפֳּרֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
ציפורי־ (construct plural)
צִפֳּרֵי־ (construct plural)
ציפוריו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
צִפֳּרָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
ציפוריה (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
צִפֳּרֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
ציפוריהם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
צִפֳּרֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
ציפוריהן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
צִפֳּרֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
ציפור (indefinite singular)
צִפּוֹר (indefinite singular)
ציפורי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
צִפּוֹרִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
ציפורנו (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
צִפּוֹרֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הציפור (definite singular)
הַצִּפּוֹר (definite singular)
ציפורך (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
צִפּוֹרְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
ציפורך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
צִפּוֹרֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
ציפורכם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
צִפּוֹרְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
ציפורכן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
צִפּוֹרְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
ציפור־ (construct singular)
צִפּוֹר־ (construct singular)
ציפורו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
צִפּוֹרוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
ציפורה (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
צִפּוֹרָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
ציפורם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
צִפּוֹרָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
ציפורן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
צִפּוֹרָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
ציפורים (indefinite plural)
צִפּוֹרִים (indefinite plural)
ציפוריי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
צִפּוֹרַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
ציפורינו (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
צִפּוֹרֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הציפורים (definite plural)
הַצִּפּוֹרִים (definite plural)
ציפוריך (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
צִפּוֹרֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
ציפורייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
צִפּוֹרַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
ציפוריכם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
צִפּוֹרֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
ציפוריכן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
צִפּוֹרֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
ציפורי־ (construct plural)
צִפּוֹרֵי־ (construct plural)
ציפוריו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
צִפּוֹרָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
ציפוריה (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
צִפּוֹרֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
ציפוריהם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
צִפּוֹרֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
ציפוריהן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
צִפּוֹרֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

he-decl

ציפור/צִפּוֹר

ציפורים/צִפֳּרִים

ציפור/צִפּוֹר

ציפורים/צִפּוֹרִים

Compare Aramaic צִפְּרָא (ṣippərā), Arabic عُصْفُور (ʕuṣfūr), Ugaritic 𐎕𐎔𐎗 (ṣpr).

cog

Arabic عُصْفُور (ʕuṣfūr)

(biblical, collective) Birds.


עמוס

he-proper noun

עָמוֹס • (ámos) m

(biblical) Amos (a book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh)

(biblical) Amos (a prophet, author of the book of Amos)


איוב

אִיּוֹב • (iyóv) m

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰώβ (Iṓb) (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from early northwest Semitic dialectal name meaning "where is the father?" from [script needed] (ʾôb, “father”), dialectal variant of אב ('áv, “father”). Or, akin to אויב (oyév, “enemy”). Some biblical scholars have suggested that it is related to Arabic أَوَّاب (ʔawwāb, “returning”), from the root ء و ب (ʔ w b).

ar-root

ء و ب (ʔ w b)

(biblical) Job (a book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh)

(biblical) Job (a character in the Old Testament and the Qur'an, renowned for his patience)


נחמיה

he-proper noun

נְחֶמְיָה • (nekhemyá)

נְחֶמְיָה (canonical)
nekhemyá (romanization)

Nehemiah (the sixteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and a book of the Tanakh)

(biblical) Nehemiah (a governor of Judea who was, according to the Tanakh, sent by the king of Persia to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem)


ירמיה

יִרְמְיָה • (yirm'yá) m

יִרְמְיָה (canonical)
yirm'yá (romanization)

Ancient Greek: Ἰερεμίᾱς (Ieremíās)

Greek: Ιερεμίας (Ieremías)

Old Armenian: Երեմիա (Eremia)

Armenian: Երեմիա (Eremia)

English: Jeremiah

Theophoric, probably from ירים (yarim, “he will raise”) + ־יהו (-yáhu, “the LORD”), literally meaning “Yahweh will raise.”

compound

(Abrahamism, biblical) Jeremiah (an ancient prophet, the author of the Book of Jeremiah, and of the Lamentations)

(biblical) Jeremiah (a book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh)


אסתר

he-proper noun

אֶסְתֵּר • (estér) f

אֶסְתֵּר (canonical)
estér (romanization)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἐσθήρ (Esthḗr)
→ Old Armenian: Եսթեր (Estʻer)
→ Armenian: Եսթեր (Estʻer) (learned)
→ Latin: Esthēr (see there for further descendants)
→ Russian: Есфи́рь (Jesfírʹ), Эсфи́рь (Esfírʹ)

→ Yiddish: אסתּר (ester)

Said to be borrowed from Old Persian [script needed] (sitareh, “star”), from Proto-Iranian *Hstā́, or Akkadian Ištar (“Ishtar”).

bor

Esther (a book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh)

(biblical) Esther (the heroine of the Book of Esther)


רות

(biblical) Ruth (a book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh)

(biblical) Ruth (the resident of Moab around whom the text centers)


דברי הימים

he-proper noun

דִּבְרֵי־הַיָּמִים

דִּבְרֵי־הַיָּמִים • (divréi ha-yamím) m pl

דִּבְרֵי ־הַיָּמִים (canonical)
divréi ha-yamím (romanization)

he:דברי הימים


שופטים

שׁוֹפְטִים • (shoftím)

שׁוֹפְטִים (canonical)
shoftím (romanization)

(biblical) Judges (the seventh book of the Old Testament, and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh)


יונה

desctree

→ Classical Syriac: ܝܰܘܢܳܐ
→ Malayalam: യോനാ (yōnā)

→ Yiddish: יונה (yoyne)

(biblical) Jonah (a minor prophet who was cast into the sea and swallowed by a great fish)

(biblical) Jonah (a book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh)


עובדיה

he-proper noun

עוֹבַדְיָה • (Ovadyá) m

עוֹבַדְיָה (canonical)
Ovadyá (romanization)

/ʕoːβaðˈjaː/

From עוֹבֵד (ovéd, “servant, worshipper”) + יָהּ (Yah, “Jah”, one of the names of God), literally “servant of Yahweh”. Compare Arabic عَبْد الله (ʕabd allāh).

af

יָהּ
<t:Jah><pos:one of the names of God>

(biblical) Obadiah (a book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh)


מלכים

מְלָכִים (canonical)
m'lakhim (romanization)

English: Melachim


שמואל

he-proper noun

שְׁמוּאֵל • (šəmūʾḗl) m

שְׁמוּאֵל (canonical)
šəmūʾḗl (romanization)

→ Ancient Greek: Σαμουήλ (Samouḗl)

→ Latin: Samuēl

→ Old Armenian: Սամուէլ (Samuēl)

→ Arabic: سَمَوْأَل (samawʔal)

/ʃəmuːˈʔeːl/

Compound of שֵׁם (šēm, “name”) and אֵל (ʾēl, “god”). The first part is often said to be שָׁמַע (šāmáʿ, “to hear, to listen”) since elistic names tend to derive from exhortations from verbs, however this is unlikely since the third radical ע (ʿ) of the verb is absent. Other interpretations posit derivation from roots meaning “God” as in Heaven or the upper sky (see שָׁמַיִם (šāmáyim)) and “high” (see עלי (literally “elevation”)) giving “God is high”.

(biblical) Samuel (the primary author and central character of the first book of Samuel)

Samuel (one of two books of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh)


במדבר

בַּמִּדְבָּר

בַּמִּדְבָּר or בְּמִדְבַּר • (bamidbár or b'midbár)

בַּמִּדְבָּר (canonical)
בְּמִדְבַּר (canonical)
bamidbár (romanization)
b'midbár (romanization)

Numbers (the Book of Numbers, the fourth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fourth book in the Torah)


הושע

הוֹשֵׁעַ • (hoshéa, hōšḗaʿ) m

הוֹשֵׁעַ (canonical)
hoshéa (romanization)
hōšḗaʿ (romanization)

desc

→ Akkadian: 𒁹𒀀𒌑𒋛𒀪 (ᵐa-u₂-si-'i /Ausi'i/)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ὡσηέ (Hōsēé), Ὠσηέ (Ōsēé)
Greek: Ωσηέ (Osié)
→ Latin: Hōsēās, Ōsēās, Ōsēe (see there for further descendants)

The masculine singular imperative of הוֹשִׁיעַ (hoshía, “to save”). Attested too as Akkadian 𒁹𒀀𒌑𒋛𒀪 (Ausi'i).

Hosea (a book of the Old Testament of the Bible)


תהלים

he-proper noun

תְּהִלִּים • (tehilim)

תְּהִלִּים (canonical)
tehilim (romanization)


דברים

דְּבָרִים • (d'varím) m

דְּבָרִים (canonical)
d'varím (romanization)

Deuteronomy (the fifth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fifth book in the Torah)


קהלת

קֹהֶלֶת • (kohélet)

קֹהֶלֶת (canonical)
kohélet (romanization)


שמות

שְׁמוֹת • (sh'mót)

שְׁמוֹת (canonical)
sh'mót (romanization)

The proper noun comes from the construct noun, one of the first words in the book.

(biblical) Exodus (the second of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second book in the Torah describing the Exodus)


יחזקאל

יְחֶזְקֵאל • (Y'khezkél) m

יְחֶזְקֵאל (canonical)
Y'khezkél (romanization)

→ Koine Greek: Ἰεζεκιήλ (Iezekiḗl)

→ Latin: Ezechiēl

→ Middle Dutch: ezechiel

Dutch: Ezechiël

→ English: Ezekiel

"God is strong," from חזק (“to be strong”) + אל.

Ezekiel (a book of the Old Testament of the Bible)

(biblical) Ezekiel (a prophet mentioned in the Bible and in the Quran)


חגי

חַגַּי • (khagáy) m

חַגַּי (canonical)
khagáy (romanization)

Haggai (a book of the Old Testament of the Bible and the Tanakh)

(biblical) Haggai (hebrew prophet associated with the Book of Haggai)


מיכה

מִיכָה • (mikha)

Shortening of מִיכָיָה (mīḵāyāh), מִיכָיָהוּ (mīḵāyāhū), מִיכַיְהוּ (mīḵāyᵊhū, “who is like Yahweh”)

(biblical) Micah (a book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh)

Micah (the minor prophet and author of the Book of Micah)


ישעיהו

יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

יְשַׁעְיָהוּ • (y'sha'yáhu) m

יְשַׁעְיָהוּ (canonical)
y'sha'yáhu (romanization)
יְשַׁעְיָה (alternative)

Ancient Greek: Ἠσᾰΐᾱς (Ēsăḯās)

Greek: Ησαΐας (Isaḯas)

Latin: Ēsāiās

Theophoric, possibly from יֶשַׁע (yésha') + ־יהו (-yáhu), literally “Yahweh is salvation”. See הוֹשִׁיעַ (hoshía, “to save”) and יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (y'hoshúa).

af

Isaiah (a book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh)

(Abrahamism, biblical) Isaiah (a prophet, the author of the Book of Isaiah)


יואל

he-proper noun

יוֹאֵל • (yo'él) m

(biblical) Joel (a book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh)

(biblical) Joel (a minor prophet, a son of Samuel, and other Old Testament persons)


יהושע

יְהוֹשֻׁעַ • (y'hoshúa) m

יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (canonical)
y'hoshúa (romanization)

Yiddish: יהושע (yehoyshue)

→ Russian: Иешу́а (Iješúa)

Perhaps from הוֹשֵׁעַ (hoshéa, hōšḗaʿ, “Hosea”) with the "addition" of יהוה (“YHWH (Yahweh)”), therefore meaning "Yahweh is salvation". See הוֹשִׁיעַ (hoshía, “to save”). Compare with יְשַׁעְיָהוּ (y'shayáhu, yəšaʿyā́hū).

a male given name, equivalent to English Joshua

(biblical) Joshua (the son of Nun, Judge of Israel following Moses; author of the Book of Joshua; Quranic figure)

Joshua (the sixth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and a book of the Tanakh)


איכה

אֵיכָה • ('eikhá)

אֵיכָה (canonical)
'eikhá (romanization)

(biblical) Lamentations (a book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh)


ויקרא

וַיִּקְרָא • (vayikrá) m

וַיִּקְרָא (canonical)
vayikrá (romanization)

The book is named after its first word, literally “And he called”.

Leviticus (the third of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible; the third book in the Torah)


מלאכי

מַלְאָכִי • (mal'achí) m

מַלְאָכִי (canonical)
mal'achí (romanization)

(biblical) Malachi (a book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh)


נחום

נַחוּם • (nakhúm) m

נַחוּם (canonical)
nakhúm (romanization)

(biblical) Nahum (a book of the Tanakh / the Old Testament of the Bible)

(biblical) Nahum (the minor prophet who wrote that book)


תנין

he-noun

תַּנִּין • (tanin) m (plural indefinite תַּנִינִים)

תַּנִּין (canonical)
tanin (romanization)
תַּנִינִים (indefinite plural)

From Akkadian 𒆗𒉌𒉡 (danninu, “netherworld; source of earthquakes; the inaccessible land where the dead remain”), whence also Aramaic תַּנִּינָא / ܬܱܢܺܝܢܳܐ (tannīnā, “sea serpent, monster”) and Ugaritic 𐎚𐎐𐎐 (tnn).

cog

Aramaic תַּנִּינָא

(biblical, by extension) An enemy of Yahweh or Israel


רימון

he-noun

רימון / רִמּוֹן • (rimón) m (plural indefinite רמונים / רִמּוֹנִים)

רִמּוֹן (canonical)
rimón (romanization)
רמונים (indefinite plural)
רִמּוֹנִים (indefinite plural)

Compare Arabic رُمَّانٌ (rummān) and Classical Syriac ܪܘܡܢܐ (rummānā), ܐܪܡܘܢܐ (ʾarmōnā).

פַּעֲמֹן זָהָב וְרִמֹּון פַּעֲמֹן זָהָב וְרִמֹּון עַל־שׁוּלֵי הַמְּעִיל סָבִיב׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0228#כח_לד|28:34]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, upon the skirts of the robe round about.

Pa'amón zaháv verimón pa'amón zaháv verimón al shulé hame'íl savív

(Judaism) pomegranate-shaped decoration on the priestly robe


חודש

חודש / חֹדֶשׁ • (khódesh) m (dual indefinite חודשיים / חׇדְשַׁיִם, plural indefinite חודשים / חֳדָשִׁים, plural construct חודשי / חׇדְשֵׁי־) [pattern: קֹטֶל]

חֹדֶשׁ (canonical)
khódesh (romanization)
חודשיים (dual indefinite)
חׇדְשַׁיִם (dual indefinite)
חודשים (indefinite plural)
חֳדָשִׁים (indefinite plural)
חודשי (construct plural)
חׇדְשֵׁי־ (construct plural)
חֹדֶשׁ (indefinite singular)
חׇדְשִׁי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חׇדְשֵׁנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַחֹדֶשׁ (definite singular)
חׇדְשְׁךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חׇדְשֵׁךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חׇדְשְׁכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
חׇדְשְׁכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
חֹדֶשׁ־ (construct singular)
חׇדְשׁוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חׇדְשָׁהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
חׇדְשָׁם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
חׇדְשָׁן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
חדשיים (dual indefinite)
חׇדְשַׁיִם (dual indefinite)
חדשיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חׇדְשַׁי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חׇדְשֵׁינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
החדשיים (definite dual)
הַחׇדְשַׁיִם (definite dual)
חׇדְשֶׁיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חדשייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חׇדְשַׁיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חׇדְשֵׁיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
חׇדְשֵׁיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
חׇדְשֵׁי־ (construct dual)
חׇדְשָׁיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חׇדְשֶׁיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
חׇדְשֵׁיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
חׇדְשֵׁיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
חֳדָשִׁים (indefinite plural)
חֳדָשַׁי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חֳדָשֵׁינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַחֳדָשִׁים (definite plural)
חֳדָשֶׁיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חֳדָשַׁיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חׇדְשֵׁי־ (construct plural)
חֳדָשָׁיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חֳדָשֶׁיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)

he-decl

חדשיים\חׇדְשַׁיִם

→ Yiddish: חודש (khoydesh)

Compare Ugaritic 𐎈𐎄𐎘 (ḥdṯ, “new moon”), Phoenician 𐤇𐤃𐤔 (ḥdš, “new moon, month”).

וַיֹּאמֶר מַדּוּעַ אתי (אַתְּ) הלכתי (הֹלֶכֶת) אֵלָיו הַיּוֹם לֹא־חֹדֶשׁ וְלֹא שַׁבָּת וַתֹּאמֶר שָׁלוֹם׃

Tanach, 2 Kings [[s:he:T09b04#ד_כג|4:23]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

And he said: ‘Wherefore wilt thou go to him today? it is neither new moon nor sabbath.’ And she said: ‘It shall be well.’

vayómer madúa' 'át holékhet 'eláv hayóm lo-khódesh v'ló shabát vatómer shalóm.
wayyṓmer maddū́aʿ ʾatt hōléḵeṯ ʾēlāw hayyōm lō-ḥṓḏeš wəlō šabbāṯ wattṓmer šālōm.

(biblical) first day of the month, the day of the new moon


שמונה עשרה

he-proper noun

שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה

שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה • (sh'moné esré) f

שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה (canonical)
sh'moné esré (romanization)


לבן

לָבָן • (laván) m

/lɔːˈvɔːn/ [lɔːˈvɔːn]

From Proto-West Semitic *laban-. Cognate with Arabic لَبَن (laban, “milk”), Ugaritic 𐎍𐎁𐎐 (lbn), and Phoenician 𐤋𐤁𐤍 (lbn).


המוציא

head

הַמּוֹצִיא • (hamotzi)

הַמּוֹצִיא (canonical)
hamotzi (romanization)

הַ־ (ha, “the”) + מוֹצִיא (motzi, “he removes”), from the text of the prayer.

(Judaism) A particular, short prayer, the one recited before eating bread.


חנוכה

he-proper noun

חנוכה / חֲנֻכָּה • (khanuká) f [pattern: קְטֻלָּה]

חֲנֻכָּה (canonical)
khanuká (romanization)

→ Dutch: Chanoeka

→ English: Hanukkah

desctree

→ Yiddish: חנוכּה (khaneke)
→ Dutch: Channeke

From חָנַךְ (khanákh, “to dedicate, to consecrate”).


יהדות

he-proper noun

יַהֲדוּת • (yahadút) f

יַהֲדוּת (canonical)
yahadút (romanization)

From יְהוּדִי (“Jewish, Jew”) + ־וּת (“-ism, -ity, -ness”).


ישוע

he-proper noun

יֵשׁוּעַ • (yeshúa, yēšū́aʿ) m

יֵשׁוּעַ (canonical)
yeshúa (romanization)
yēšū́aʿ (romanization)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: Yeshua

From Biblical Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (y'hoshúa, yĕhōšúaʿ, “Joshua”) via syncope. Compare Aramaic ישוע (yešūʿ), Classical Syriac ܝܫܘܥ (yešūʿ), and Arabic يَسُوع (yasūʕ).

der

וַיַּעֲמֹד יֵשׁוּעַ בָּנָיו וְאֶחָיו קַדְמִיאֵל וּבָנָיו בְּנֵי־יְהוּדָה כְּאֶחָד לְנַצֵּחַ עַל־עֹשֵׂה הַמְּלָאכָה בְּבֵית הָאֱלֹהִים בְּנֵי חֵנָדָד בְּנֵיהֶם וַאֲחֵיהֶם הַלְוִיִּם׃

Tanach, Ezra [[s:he:T35a03#ג_ט|3:9]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

Then stood Jeshua with his sons and his brethren, and Kadmiel and his sons, the sons of Judah, together, to have the oversight of the workmen in the house of God; the sons of Henadad also, with their sons and their brethren the Levites.

vaya'amód yeshúa banáv ve'ekháv kadmi'él uvanáv b'né-y'hudá k'ekhád l'natséakh al-osé ham'lakhá b'vét ha'elohím b'né khenadád b'nehém v'akhehém hal'viyím.
wayyaʿămōḏ yēšū́aʿ bānāw wəʾeḥāw qaḏmīʾēl ūḇānāw bənē-yəhūḏā kəʾeḥāḏ lənaṣṣḗaḥ ʿal-ʿōśē hamməlāḵā bəḇēṯ hāʾĕlōhīm bənē ḥēnāḏāḏ bənēhem waʾăḥēhem haləwiyyīm.

(biblical) Yeshua or Jeshua as the name of multiple people in the Bible, sometimes anglicized in translation as Joshua or Jesus

(Christianity, modern Christian liturgical Hebrew) Yeshua or Jeshua as the name for Jesus Christ, used by some Christians who believe this was the original form of Jesus' name


תנ״ך

he-proper noun

הַתָּנָ״ךְ • (ha-tanákh) m

הַתָּנָ״ךְ (canonical)
ha-tanákh (romanization)

Acronym of תּוֹרָה, נְבִיאִים, כְּתוּבִים (torá, n'vi'ím, k'tuvím, “Torah, Prophets, Writings”), the three major divisions of the Jewish Bible.

acronym

תּוֹרָה, נְבִיאִים, כְּתוּבִים

(biblical, Judaism) Tanakh (the body of Jewish scripture comprising the Torah, the Neviim (prophets) and the Ketuvim (writings), corresponding roughly to the Christian Old Testament)


ישי

he-proper noun

יִשַׁי • (yishái) m

יִשַׁי (canonical)
yishái (romanization)

At least two hypotheses exist, none are explicitly mentioned in the Bible:
* From י (yi, “one of the letters of the Tetragrammaton – a theonym for God”) + שַׁי (sháy, “gift, present”), thus "God's gift".
* From יֵשׁ (yésh, “there is, there exist(s)”) + י (“one of the letters of the Tetragrammaton – a theonym for God”), thus "God exists".

affix

(biblical) Jesse (the son of Obed and the father of king David)


אשר

he-proper noun

אָשֵׁר • (ashér) m

[ʔɔˑˈʃeː.eʀ]

(biblical) Asher (the eighth son of Jacob, by his wife's handmaid Zilpah)


שת

Compare Ugaritic 𐎌𐎚 (št) and Arabic اِسْت (ist).


דוד

דָּוִד (canonical)
davíd (romanization)
דויד (alternative)
דוויד (alternative)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Δαυίδ (Dauíd), Δαυείδ (Daueíd), Δᾱβῑ́δ (Dābī́d), Δαυῑ́δης (Dauī́dēs)

→ Latin: Dāvīd

→ Aramaic:

Classical Syriac: ܕܘܝܕ (Dāwīḏ), (informal) ܕܘܝܬ (Dāwīt)

→ Aghwan: 𐔳𐔰𐕛𐔼𐔸 (davit)

→ Georgian: დავითი (daviti)

→ Old Armenian: Դաւիթ (Dawitʻ)

/dɔːˈviːð/ [dɔːˈviːð]

From Proto-Semitic verbal root d-w-d ~ w-d-d "to love".

(biblical) David (the second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon)


חמץ

חָמֵץ (canonical)
khaméts (romanization)

Cognate with Jewish Babylonian Aramaic חמע, Classical Syriac ܚܡܥ, Arabic حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ) and Akkadian 𒄩𒁀𒍮 (ḫabāṣu, ḫamāṣu, “to be cheerful, to be elated from alcohol”).

cog

(Judaism, collective) chametz (foods with leavening agents that are forbidden on the Jewish holiday of Passover)


אברהם

he-proper noun

אַבְרָהָם • (Avrahám) m

אַבְרָהָם (canonical)
Avrahám (romanization)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀβρᾱᾱ́μ (Abrāā́m), Ἀβράμης (Abrámēs), Ἀβραμίας (Abramías), Ἄβραμος (Ábramos)
Greek: Αβραάμ (Avraám)
→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌼 (abraham)
→ Russian: Авраа́м (Avraám)
→ Latin: Abrāhām, Abrāhāmus
Italian: Abramo
Portuguese: Abraão

→ Coptic: Ⲁⲃⲣⲁⲁⲙ (Abraam)

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܰܒܪܳܗܳܡ

→ Aramaic: אברהם
→ Arabic: إبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm)

[ʔavʀɔːˈhɔːm]

According to the etymology mentioned in Genesis 17:4–5, a contraction of his former name אַבְרָם (Avrám, “Abram”) with הָמוֹן (hamón, “multitude”), as he is promised to be the progenitor of many nations through his covenant with God and his obedience.

(biblical, Abrahamism) Abraham (a prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar)


ראובן

he-proper noun

רְאוּבֵן • (r'uvén) m

רְאוּבֵן (canonical)
r'uvén (romanization)

Encyclopaedia Biblica
John Sutherland Black
Thomas Kelly Cheyne

Traditionally derived from רְאוּ (r'ú, “see [masculine plural imperative]”) + בֵּן (ben, “son”); the literal meaning is therefore roughly, "See, all: a son!".
For other proposals, see Encyclopaedia Biblica, volume 4.

(biblical) Reuben (first son of Jacob, by his wife Leah). Also Reuven


יששכר

head

יִשָּׂשכָר or יִשְׂשָׂכָר • (yisakhár or yis'sakhár) m

יִשָּׂשכָר (canonical)
יִשְׂשָׂכָר (canonical)
yisakhár (romanization)
yis'sakhár (romanization)

(biblical) Issachar (ninth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah)

(biblical) Issachar (one of the Israelite tribes, descended from Issachar)


ישראלי

he-adj

יִשְׂרְאֵלִי

יִשְׂרְאֵלִית

יִשְׂרְאֵלִים

יִשְׂרְאֵלִיִּים

יִשְׂרְאֵלִיּוֹת

יִשְׂרְאֵלִי • (yisr'elí, yiśrəʾēlî) (feminine יִשְׂרְאֵלִית, masculine plural יִשְׂרְאֵלִים or יִשְׂרְאֵלִיִּים, feminine plural יִשְׂרְאֵלִיּוֹת)

יִשְׂרְאֵלִי (canonical)
yisr'elí (romanization)
yiśrəʾēlî (romanization)
יִשְׂרְאֵלִית (feminine)
יִשְׂרְאֵלִים (masculine plural)
יִשְׂרְאֵלִיִּים (masculine plural)
יִשְׂרְאֵלִיּוֹת (feminine plural)

וַיֵּצֵא בֶּן־אִשָּׁה יִשְׂרְאֵלִית וְהוּא בֶּן־אִישׁ מִצְרִי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּנָּצוּ בַּמַּחֲנֶה בֶּן הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית וְאִישׁ הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִי׃

And the son of an Israelitish woman, whose father [was] an Egyptian, went out among the children of Israel: and this son of the Israelitish [woman] and a man of Israel strove together in the camp; […]

vayetsé bén-ishá yisr'elít v'hú bén-ísh mitsrí b'tókh b'néi yisra'él vayinatsú bamakhané bén hayisr'elít v'ísh hayisr'elí.

Israelian, Israelitish, of or pertaining to the historical Land of Israel


אונן

he-proper noun

אוֹנָן • (onán) m

→ English: Onan

→ Ancient Greek: Αὐνάν (Aunán)

From the root א־נ־ן . The root itself is denominal from the name of the biblical character Onan, whose name in turn means "mourner".


עלייה

he-noun

עלייה / עֲלִיָּה • (aliyá) f [pattern: קְטִילָה]

עֲלִיָּה (canonical)
aliyá (romanization)

The verbal noun of the verb עָלָה (alá, “to rise”).

(Judaism, countable) aliyah (the calling up of someone to the bimah for the reading of the Torah)

(uncountable) aliyah (the immigration of Jews to Israel)


מקווה

מקווה / מִקְוֶה • (mikvé) m (plural indefinite מקווים / מִקְוִים or מִקְווֹת or מקוואות / מִקְוָאוֹת) [pattern: מִקְטָל]

מִקְוֶה (canonical)
mikvé (romanization)
מקווים (indefinite plural)
מִקְוִים (indefinite plural)
מִקְווֹת (indefinite plural)
מקוואות (indefinite plural)
מִקְוָאוֹת (indefinite plural)

Formed from the Semitic root ק-ו-ה (“to collect”), related to the noun המים (“collection”). More at Mikveh.


שבט

he-proper noun

שְׁבָט • (sh'vát)

שְׁבָט (canonical)
sh'vát (romanization)

[ʃaˈvɔː.ɔtˤ]

From Akkadian 𒌚𒀾 (Šabāṭum, literally “month of wheat (i.e. the start of harvest season)”).

bor

בְּיוֹם עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה לְעַשְׁתֵּי־עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ הוּא־חֹדֶשׁ שְׁבָט בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ הָיָה דְבַר־יְהֹוָה אֶל־זְכַרְיָה בֶּן־בֶּרֶכְיָהוּ בֶּן־עִדּוֹא הַנָּבִיא לֵאמֹר׃

Tanach, Zephaniah [[s:he:T2101#א_ז|1:7]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Shebat, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the Lord unto Zechariah the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet, saying—

B-yóm 'esrím v-arba'á l-'ashtéi 'asár ḥódesh hu ḥódesh Shvaṭ bi-shnat shtáyim l-Daryávesh hayá dvár Zkharyá ben Berekhyáhu ben 'Iddó ha-navi lemór—

בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָן, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ:

a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Rosh Hashanah 1:1:

On the first of Shevat is the new year for trees, according to the school of Shammai. The school of Hillel say, on the fifteenth of it.

B-eḥad bi-Shváṭ, rosh ha-shaná la-ilán, k-divréi veit Shammái. Beit Hillél omrím, ba-ḥamishá 'asár bo.

מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא שֶׁלִּיקֵּט אֶתְרוֹג בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט, וְנָהַג בּוֹ שְׁנֵי עִישּׂוּרִין.

a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Eruvin 7a:

Once Rabbi Akiva picked a citron on the first of Shevat, and took two tithes from it.

Ma'asé b-rabbí Aqivá she-liqqét etróg b-eḥád bi-shváṭ, v-nahág bo shnéi 'issurín.

(Judaism) Shevat (the fifth month of the civil year and the eleventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tevet and before Adar)


זרוע

he-noun

זְרוֹעַ • (z'róa') f (plural indefinite זְרוֹעוֹת, singular construct זְרוֹעַ־, plural construct זְרוֹעוֹת־) [pattern: קְטוֹל]

זְרוֹעַ (canonical)
z'róa' (romanization)
זְרוֹעוֹת (indefinite plural)
זְרוֹעַ־ (construct singular)
זְרוֹעוֹת־ (construct plural)
אֶזְרוֹעַ (alternative)

From Proto-Semitic *ḏirāʕ- (“arm”). Compare Aramaic דְּרָעָא (dərāʿā), Arabic ذِرَاع (ḏirāʕ).

cog

Aramaic דְּרָעָא (dərāʿā)


בחור

he-noun

בָּחוּר • (bakhúr) m (plural indefinite בַּחוּרִים, feminine counterpart בַּחוּרָה)

בָּחוּר (canonical)
bakhúr (romanization)
בַּחוּרִים (indefinite plural)
בַּחוּרָה (feminine)

→ English: bochur

→ Lithuanian: bachūras

→ Polish: bachor

desctree

→ Yiddish: בחור (bokher)
→ Dutch: broger
→ German: Bocher

From בחר (“chose, select”), hence literally "chosen" or "selected".

(Jewish law) a young man over 13 who is required to perform mitzvoth but has never married


חור

he-noun

חוּר • (khúr) m


אי

אַי (canonical)
ay (romanization)
אֵי (construct)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔayy-. Usually occuring in the form of אַיֵּה.

וַיֹּאמֶר יהוה אֶל־קַיִן אֵי הֶבֶל אָחִיךָ

Tanach, [[s:he:T0104#ד_ט|4:9]], with translation of the King James Version:

And the Lord said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother?

(biblical, interrogative, stative) Where.


חוליה

חוליה / חֻלְיָה • (khulyá) f (plural indefinite חוליות)

חֻלְיָה (canonical)
khulyá (romanization)
חוליות (indefinite plural)

chulyah (A patterned knot tied according to a specific custom — e.g. Rambam chulyos or Ashkenazic chulyos — in the tzitzit fringes of a tallis)


יובל

he-proper noun

יוּבַל • (yuvál) m

Related to אוּבָל ('uvál, “stream”) and Arabic وَبَلَ (wabala, “to rain heavily”).

cog

(biblical, Torah) Jubal (a son of Lamech and Ada)


יובל

he-noun

יוֹבֵל • (yovél) m (plural indefinite יוֹבְלִים or יוֹבְלוֹת, singular construct יוֹבֵל־, plural construct יוֹבְלֵי־ or יוֹבְלוֹת־)

יוֹבֵל (canonical)
yovél (romanization)
יוֹבְלִים (indefinite plural)
יוֹבְלוֹת (indefinite plural)
יוֹבֵל־ (construct singular)
יוֹבְלֵי־ (construct plural)
יוֹבְלוֹת־ (construct plural)

(Jewish law) A Jubilee, a Jubilee year: a year of rest, prescribed by the Jewish Bible to occur each fiftieth year, after seven cycles of seven years.


פלג

→ Ancient Greek: Φαλέγ (Phalég)

→ English: Peleg

→ Latin: Phaleg

he:פלג
he:פלג (דמות מקראית)

(biblical) Peleg (one of the two sons of Eber)


דבורה

he-proper noun

דְּבוֹרָה • (dvorá) f

דְּבוֹרָה (canonical)
dvorá (romanization)

From Proto-Semitic *dVbr- (“bee”). Cognate with Classical Syriac ܕܒܘܪܐ (debbōrā), Amharic ዲቧራ (dibʷara), Arabic دَبُّور (dabbūr), زُنْبُور (zunbūr), Classical Mandaic ࡆࡉࡌࡁࡅࡓࡀ (zimbura), Aramaic דְּבוֹרְתָא, זִיבּוֹרָא.

cog

Aramaic דְּבוֹרְתָא


גמל

he-verb

גָּמַל • (gamál) (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נִגְמַל)

גָּמַל (canonical)
gamál (romanization)
נִגְמַל (passive)
לגמול
לִגְמֹל
גְּמִילָה (noun-from-verb)
גָּמוּל (participle passive)
גָּמַלְתִּי (feminine first-person masculine past singular)
גָּמַלְנוּ (feminine first-person masculine past plural)
גָּמַלְתָּ (masculine past second-person singular)
גָּמַלְתְּ (feminine past second-person singular)
גְּמַלְתֶּם (masculine past plural second-person)
גְּמַלְתֶּן (feminine past plural second-person)
גָּמַל (masculine past singular third-person)
גָּמְלָה (feminine past singular third-person)
גָּמְלוּ (feminine masculine past plural third-person)
גּוֹמֵל (masculine present singular)
גּוֹמֶלֶת (feminine present singular)
גּוֹמְלִים (masculine plural present)
גּוֹמְלוֹת (feminine plural present)
אגמול (feminine first-person future masculine singular)
אֶגְמֹל (feminine first-person future masculine singular)
נגמול (feminine first-person future masculine plural)
נִגְמֹל (feminine first-person future masculine plural)
תגמול (future masculine second-person singular)
תִּגְמֹל (future masculine second-person singular)
תִּגְמְלִי (feminine future second-person singular)
תִּגְמְלוּ (future masculine plural second-person)
תגמולנה (feminine future plural second-person)
תִּגְמֹלְנָה (feminine future plural second-person)
יגמול (future masculine singular third-person)
יִגְמֹל (future masculine singular third-person)
תגמול (feminine future singular third-person)
תִּגְמֹל (feminine future singular third-person)
יִגְמְלוּ (future masculine plural third-person)
תגמולנה (feminine future plural third-person)
תִּגְמֹלְנָה (feminine future plural third-person)
גמול (imperative masculine singular)
גְּמֹל (imperative masculine singular)
גִּמְלִי (feminine imperative singular)
גִּמְלוּ (imperative masculine plural)
גמולנה (feminine imperative plural)
גְּמֹלְנָה (feminine imperative plural)


ראשון

he-noun

רִאשׁוֹן • (rishón) m (plural indefinite רִאשׁוֹנִים) [pattern: קִטְלוֹן]

רִאשׁוֹן (canonical)
rishón (romanization)
רִאשׁוֹנִים (indefinite plural)

(Judaism) one of the Rishonim, Jewish sages after the Geonim but prior to the Shulchan Aruch


ראש השנה

he-proper noun

רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה

רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה • (rosh-hashaná) m

רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה (canonical)
rosh-hashaná (romanization)

desc

رَأْس السَّنَة

→ Arabic: رَأْس السَّنَة (raʔs as-sana) (calque)

→ Catalan: Roix ha-Xanà

→ English: Rosh Hashanah

→ French: Roch Hachana

→ German: Rosch ha-Schana

→ Ladino: ראש השנה (Rosh Ashaná)

→ Russian: Рош Ха-Шана (Roš Xa-Šana)

→ Spanish: Rosh Hashaná

→ Yiddish: ראָש־השנה (roshe-shone)

/ˌʀoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔ/

From רֹאשׁ (rosh-, “head of”) + הַשָּׁנָה (hashaná, “the year”); hence literally “the head of the year”.

Rosh Hashanah
Rosh Hashanah#English:_Q131028

(Judaism) Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish holiday marking the start of the liturgical year, taking place on the first two days of Tishrei, 163 days after the first day of Passover)


יוון

he-proper noun

יוון / יָוָן • (yāwān, yaván) f

יָוָן (canonical)
yāwān (romanization)
yaván (romanization)

→⇒ German: Gauner

Likely descended from Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn, “Ion, ancestor of the Ionians”); compare the alternative forms Ἰάων (Iáōn) and Ἰάϝων (Iáwōn).

der

בְּנֵי יֶפֶת גֹּמֶר וּמָגוֹג וּמָדַי וְיָוָן וְתֻבָל וּמֶשֶׁךְ וְתִירָס׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0110#י_ב|10:2]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.

B'néi Yéfet: Gómer u-Magóg u-Madái v-Yaván v-Tuvál u-Méshekh v-Tirás.

(biblical) Javan (the fourth son of Japheth)


פרי

he-noun

פְּרִי • (pri) m (plural indefinite פירות / פֵּרוֹת, singular construct פְּרִי־, plural construct פֵּרוֹת־, Biblical Hebrew pausal form פֶּרִי) [pattern: קְטִי]

פְּרִי (canonical)
pri (romanization)
פירות (indefinite plural)
פֵּרוֹת (indefinite plural)
פְּרִי־ (construct singular)
פֵּרוֹת־ (construct plural)
form פֶּרִי (Biblical-Hebrew pausal)
פְּרִי (indefinite singular)
פִּרְיִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
פִּרְיֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַפְּרִי (definite singular)
פִּרְיְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
פִּרְיֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
פִּרְיְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
פִּרְיְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
פְּרִי־ (construct singular)
פִּרְיוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
פִּרְיָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
פִּרְיָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
פִּרְיָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
פֵּרוֹת (indefinite plural)
פרותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
פְּרוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
פְּרוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַפֵּרוֹת (definite plural)
פְּרוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
פרותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
פְּרוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
פְּרוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
פְּרוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
פְּרוֹת־ (construct plural)
פְּרוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
פְּרוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
פְּרוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
פְּרוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

From Proto-Semitic *piry-. Cognate with Ge'ez ፍሬ (fəre) and Ugaritic 𐎔𐎗 (pr /pirû/).


חטא

חֵטְא • (khet) m (plural indefinite חֲטָאִים, singular construct חֵטְא־, plural construct חֲטָאֵי־)

חֵטְא (canonical)
khet (romanization)
חֲטָאִים (indefinite plural)
חֵטְא־ (construct singular)
חֲטָאֵי־ (construct plural)
חֵטְא (indefinite singular)
חֶטְאִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חֶטְאֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַחֵטְא (definite singular)
חֶטְאֲךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חֶטְאֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חֶטְאֲכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
חֶטְאֲכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
חֵטְא־ (construct singular)
חֶטְאוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חֶטְאָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
חֶטְאָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
חֶטְאָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
חֲטָאִים (indefinite plural)
חטאיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חֲטָאַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
חֲטָאֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַחֲטָאִים (definite plural)
חֲטָאֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
חטאייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חֲטָאַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
חֲטָאֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
חֲטָאֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
חֲטָאֵי־ (construct plural)
חֲטָאָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
חֲטָאֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
חֲטָאֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
חֲטָאֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

Cognate to Arabic خَطِئَ (ḵaṭiʔa, “to err, to sin”).

cog

(Jewish law) an unintentional sin, done unknowingly


פרש

פָּרַשׁ (canonical)
parásh (romanization)
לפרוש
לִפְרֹשׁ
פְּרִישָׁה (noun-from-verb)
פָּרוּשׁ (participle passive)
פָּרַשְׁתִּי (feminine first-person masculine past singular)
פָּרַשְׁנוּ (feminine first-person masculine past plural)
פָּרַשְׁתָּ (masculine past second-person singular)
פָּרַשְׁתְּ (feminine past second-person singular)
פְּרַשְׁתֶּם (masculine past plural second-person)
פְּרַשְׁתֶּן (feminine past plural second-person)
פָּרַשׁ (masculine past singular third-person)
פָּרְשָׁה (feminine past singular third-person)
פָּרְשׁוּ (feminine masculine past plural third-person)
פּוֹרֵשׁ (masculine present singular)
פּוֹרֶשֶׁת (feminine present singular)
פּוֹרְשִׁים (masculine plural present)
פּוֹרְשׁוֹת (feminine plural present)
אפרוש (feminine first-person future masculine singular)
אֶפְרֹשׁ (feminine first-person future masculine singular)
נפרוש (feminine first-person future masculine plural)
נִפְרֹשׁ (feminine first-person future masculine plural)
תפרוש (future masculine second-person singular)
תִּפְרֹשׁ (future masculine second-person singular)
תִּפְרְשִׁי (feminine future second-person singular)
תִּפְרְשׁוּ (future masculine plural second-person)
תפרושנה (feminine future plural second-person)
תִּפְרֹשְׁנָה (feminine future plural second-person)
יפרוש (future masculine singular third-person)
יִפְרֹשׁ (future masculine singular third-person)
תפרוש (feminine future singular third-person)
תִּפְרֹשׁ (feminine future singular third-person)
יִפְרְשׁוּ (future masculine plural third-person)
תפרושנה (feminine future plural third-person)
תִּפְרֹשְׁנָה (feminine future plural third-person)
פרוש (imperative masculine singular)
פְּרֹשׁ (imperative masculine singular)
פִּרְשִׁי (feminine imperative singular)
פִּרְשׁוּ (imperative masculine plural)
פרושנה (feminine imperative plural)
פְּרֹשְׁנָה (feminine imperative plural)

(biblical) to make clear, expound clearly


אביר

he-noun

אַבִּיר • (abír) m (plural indefinite אַבִּירִים, plural construct אַבִּירֵי־, feminine counterpart אַבִּירָה)

אַבִּיר (canonical)
abír (romanization)
אַבִּירִים (indefinite plural)
אַבִּירֵי־ (construct plural)
אַבִּירָה (feminine)

(biblical) a great horse, an ox or a strong working bull


מלח

מֶלַח • (mélaḥ) m (plural indefinite מְלָחִים) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

מֶלַח (canonical)
mélaḥ (romanization)
מְלָחִים (indefinite plural)

From Proto-West Semitic *milḥ-. Compare Aramaic מִלְחָא (milḥā), Classical Syriac ܡܠܚܐ (milḥā), Arabic مِلْح (milḥ), Maltese melħ.

הֲלֹא לָכֶם לָדַעַת כִּי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נָתַן מַמְלָכָה לְדָוִיד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעוֹלָם לוֹ וּלְבָנָיו בְּרִית מֶלַח׃

Tanach, 2 Chronicles [[s:he:T25b13#יג_ה|13:5]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

Ought ye not to know that the Lord, the God of Israel, gave the kingdom over Israel to David for ever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?

haló lakhém la-dá'at ki Adonái Elohéi Yisraél natán mamlakhá l-Davíd 'al Yisraél l'olám lo ul-vanáv brit mélaḥ

(figurative, biblical) permanence, continuity


יוסף

he-proper noun

יוֹסֵף • (yoséf) m

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰωσήφ (Iōsḗph)
Greek: Ιοσήφ (Iosíf), Ιωσήφ (Iosíf)
→ Old Armenian: Յովսէփ (Yovsēpʻ)
Armenian: Հովսեփ (Hovsepʻ)
→ Gothic: 𐌹𐍉𐍃𐌴𐍆 (iōsēf)
→ Latin: Iōsēphus (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Church Slavonic: Іѡсифъ (Iosifŭ)
→ Belarusian: Іо́сіф (Iósif)
→ Bulgarian: Йо́сиф (Jósif)
→ Romanian: Iosif
→ Russian: Ио́сиф (Iósif), О́сип (Ósip)
→ Serbo-Croatian: Јосиф
→ Serbo-Croatian: Josip
→ Slovene: Josip
→ Ukrainian: Йо́сип (Jósyp)

→ Arabic: يُوسُف (yūsuf)
→ Albanian: Jusuf, Isuf
→ Azerbaijani: Yusif
→ Bashkir: Йосоп (Yosop)
→ Bengali: ইউসুফ (iuśuph)
→ Chinese: 優素福 /优素福 (Yōusùfú) (transliteration)
→ Kazakh: Жүсіп (Jüsıp)
→ Middle Armenian: Յուսուփ (Yusupʻ), Իւսուֆ (Iwsuf), Ուսուփ (Usupʻ), Յուսուֆ (Yusuf)
→ Maguindanao: Yosef
→ Malay: Yusuf
→ Indonesian: Yusuf, Jusuf, Joesoef
→ Maranao: Yosop
→ Ottoman Turkish: یوسف
Turkish: Yusuf
→ Uyghur: يۈسۈپ (yüsüp)
→ Swahili: Yusufu

→ Yiddish: יוסף (yosef, yoysef)

Third-person singular jussive of הוֹסִיף (hosíf, “to add”), thus meaning “may he add”.

(biblical) Joseph (eleventh and favorite son of Jacob, by his wife Rachel)