ירושלים

he-proper noun

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

יְרוּשָׁלָיִם

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם • (yerushaláyim) f (Biblical Hebrew pausal form יְרוּשָׁלָיִם)

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (canonical)
yerushaláyim (romanization)
form יְרוּשָׁלָיִם (Biblical-Hebrew pausal)

desc

Aramaic: יְרוּשְׁלֶם (yərūšəlem)

Aramaic: יְרוּשְׁלֶם (yərūšəlem)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalḗm)

Ancient Greek: Ἱεροσόλυμα (Hierosóluma)

→ Latin: Hierosolyma

Disputed. Possibly of ultimate origin ירו (yarú, “he lays down”) + שלם (Shalém, “the Canaanite god Shalem”). Popular folk-etymology יראה (yir'éh, “he sees”) + שלום (shalóm, “peace”). Akin to Akkadian 𒌑𒊒𒊓𒅆𒆠 (Urušalim) and Classical Syriac ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (ʾŪrišlēm). Word-end pronunciation of -áyim most likely a post-Biblical development.

compound

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Jerusalem (A city in the Holy Land between the Mediterranean Sea and Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the legal capital city of Israel)


אור

he:אור (עיר)

From Sumerian 𒋀𒀕𒆠 (urim₂ᵏⁱ /Urim/, “Ur”).


דמשק

he-proper noun

דַּמֶּשֶׂק • (daméseq) f

דַּמֶּשֶׂק (canonical)
daméseq (romanization)

Compare Aramaic דַּרְמֶשֶׂק (darmeśeq), Classical Syriac ܕܿܲܪܡܣܘܼܩ (darmsūq).


קהיר

Cairo (a governorate of Egypt, containing the capital city)


אופה

אוּפָה • ('Ufá)

Ufa (the capital and largest city of Bashkortostan, Russia)


רומא

רוֹמָא • (róma) f

Ultimately from Latin Roma. Attested in the Talmud, and still in use.

Rome (A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio)


בוקרשט

בּוּקָרֶשְׂט

בּוּקָרֶשְׂט • (bukarest) f

בּוּקָרֶשְׂט (canonical)
bukarest (romanization)


בוגוטה

בּוֹגוֹטָה • (Bogota)


פריז

פָּרִיז • (pariz) f

פָּרִיז (canonical)
pariz (romanization)

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


ירוואן

ירוואן / יֶרֶוָן • (yerevan) f

יֶרֶוָן (canonical)
yerevan (romanization)

Yerevan (The capital and largest city of Armenia)


קזבלנקה

קָזַבְּלַנְקָה

קָזַבְּלַנְקָה • (kazablánka) f

קָזַבְּלַנְקָה (canonical)
kazablánka (romanization)

Casablanca (the capital city of the region of Casablanca-Settat, Morocco)


בלגרד

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro#English

Belgrade (the capital city of Serbia; former capital of Yugoslavia; former capital of Serbia and Montenegro)


וינה

וִינָה • (vína) f

Vienna (The capital and largest city of Austria)


מילנו

מִילָנוֹ • (milanó) f

מִילָנוֹ (canonical)
milanó (romanization)

Milan (a city in northern Italy; capital of Lombardy)


קייב

קייב / קִיֶב • (kiyev) f

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


סופיה

סוֹפִיָה • (sófiya) f

סוֹפִיָה (canonical)
sófiya (romanization)


פלרמו

פָּלֶרְמוֹ • (palermo) f

פָּלֶרְמוֹ (canonical)
palermo (romanization)

Palermo (a city in Italy, capital of the Metropolitan City of Palermo, and of Sicily)


וורשה

וורשה / וַרְשָׁה • (vársha) f

וַרְשָׁה (canonical)
vársha (romanization)

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

Warsaw (the capital city of Poland; capital city of the Masovian Voivodeship)


תוניס

תּוּנִיס • (tunis) f

תּוּנִיס (canonical)
tunis (romanization)

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


אלג׳יר

אַלְגִ׳יר • (aljír) f

אַלְגִ׳יר (canonical)
aljír (romanization)

Algiers (the capital and largest city of Algeria)


בודפשט

בּוּדָפֶּשְׁט

בּוּדָפֶּשְׁט • (búdapesht) f

בּוּדָפֶּשְׁט (canonical)
búdapesht (romanization)

Budapest (the capital and the most populous city of Hungary)


מדריד

מַדְרִיד • (madríd) f

מַדְרִיד (canonical)
madríd (romanization)


מינסק

מִינְסְק • (mínsk) f

מִינְסְק (canonical)
mínsk (romanization)


בריסל

בְּרִיסֶל • (brisel) f

בְּרִיסֶל (canonical)
brisel (romanization)


אתונה

אָתוּנָה • (atúna) f

אָתוּנָה (canonical)
atúna (romanization)


מוסקבה

מוֹסְקְבָה • (moskvá) f

מוֹסְקְבָה (canonical)
moskvá (romanization)

From Russian Москва́ (Moskvá) (see further etymology there).

Moscow (a federal city, the capital and largest city of Russia)


ליל

Lille (a city, the capital of the Nord department, France; regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


טאלין

טאלין / טָלִין • (talin)


ציריך

צִירִיךְ (canonical)
tzirikh (romanization)

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland, on Lake Zurich)


אריקה

אָרִיקָה • (arika) f

אָרִיקָה (canonical)
arika (romanization)

Arica (a commune and port city, the capital of the province of Arica, Chile)


אבו דאבי

אַבּוּ דַאבִּי

אַבּוּ דַאבִּי • (abu dábi) f

אַבּוּ דַאבִּי (canonical)
abu dábi (romanization)

From Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby, “Abu Dhabi”, literally “father of a gazelle”).

bor

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates, on the southern Persian Gulf)

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital of Abu Dhabi emirate)


קואלה לומפור

he-proper noun

קוּאלה לוּמפּוּר

קוּאלה לוּמפּוּר • (kuala lumpur)

קוּאלה לוּמפּוּר (canonical)
kuala lumpur (romanization)

he:קואלה לומפור

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia, located in the federal territory of the same name)


לוקסמבורג

לֻוקְסֶמְבּוּרְג

לֻוקְסֶמְבּוּרְג • (lúksemburg)

לֻוקְסֶמְבּוּרְג (canonical)
lúksemburg (romanization)

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

he:לוקסמבורג


חאלב

חַאלַבּ • (khálab)

חַאלַבּ (canonical)
khálab (romanization)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo Governorate, Syria)


ורונה

וֵרוֹנָה • (veróna) f

וֵרוֹנָה (canonical)
veróna (romanization)

Verona (a province of Veneto, in northern Italy)

Verona (A city straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital city of the province of the same name)


וילנה

וִילְנָה • (vílna) f

וִילְנָה (canonical)
vílna (romanization)


בגדאד

בַּגְדַּאדּ / בַּגְדָּד • (bagdad)

בַּגְדַּאדּ (canonical)
בַּגְדָּד (canonical)
bagdad (romanization)

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


כאראג׳

Karaj (a city, the capital of Alborz Province, Iran)


כרמאנשאה

bor

Persian کرمانشاه

Kermanshah (the provincial capital of Kermanshah Province, Iran)


משהד

מַשְׁהַד (canonical)
mashhad (romanization)

Mashhad (The second largest city in Iran; capital of Razavi Khorasan)


טהראן

טֶהֱרָאן (canonical)
teheran (romanization)

העיר טהראן


אביג׳אן

he-proper noun

אָבִּיגָ'אן • (abiján)

אָבִּיגָ'אן (canonical)
abiján (romanization)

Abidjan (the de facto capital and largest city of Ivory Coast)


אמסטרדם

אַמְסְטֶרְדָּם

אַמְסְטֶרְדָּם • (ámsterdam) f

אַמְסְטֶרְדָּם (canonical)
ámsterdam (romanization)

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


האג

האג • (hág) f

The Hague (a city and capital of South Holland, Netherlands; administrative capital of the Netherlands)


ברלין

בֶּרְלִין • (berlín) f

בֶּרְלִין (canonical)
berlín (romanization)

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


לונדון

לוֹנְדּוֹן • (lóndon) f

לוֹנְדּוֹן (canonical)
lóndon (romanization)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


ליסבון

לִיסְבּוֹן • (lísbon) f

לִיסְבּוֹן (canonical)
lísbon (romanization)

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


לודז׳

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Lodz (a voivodeship of Poland, Łódź Voivodeship)

Lodz (the capital city of the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, also spelled Łódź)


זאגרב

זאגרב • (zágreb)

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


סנטה פה

סַנְטָה פֶה • (sánta fe) f

סַנְטָה פֶה (canonical)
sánta fe (romanization)

Santa Fe (The capital city of New Mexico and the county seat of Santa Fe County)

Santa Fe (a province in the center-east of Argentina)

Santa Fe (the capital city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, in full, Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz)


טירנה

Tirana (a municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality)


דובאי

Dubai (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Dubai (a city in the United Arab Emirates; capital of Dubai emirate)


דושנבה

דוּשָׁנְבֶּה

דוּשָׁנְבֶּה • (dushanbe) f

דוּשָׁנְבֶּה (canonical)
dushanbe (romanization)

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


צנעא

צַנְעָא • (tsan'a)

צַנְעָא (canonical)
tsan'a (romanization)

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


בנגקוק

בַּנְגְּקוֹק

בַּנְגְּקוֹק • (bangkok)

בַּנְגְּקוֹק (canonical)
bangkok (romanization)

(exonym) Bangkok (the capital city of Thailand)


טוקיו

טוֹקְיוֹ • (tokyo)

טוֹקְיוֹ (canonical)
tokyo (romanization)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


אולן בטור

אוּלָן בָּטוֹר

אוּלָן בָּטוֹר • ('ulan bator)

אוּלָן בָּטוֹר (canonical)
'ulan bator (romanization)

Ulaanbaatar (the capital city of Mongolia)


קנברה

קַנְבֶּרָה • (kanbera) f

קַנְבֶּרָה (canonical)
kanbera (romanization)

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


דבלין

דַּבְּלִין • (dablin)

דַּבְּלִין (canonical)
dablin (romanization)


רייקיאוויק

רייקיאוויק • (reikyavik)


וושינגטון די. סי.

וָושִׁינְגְטוֹן דִי. סִי.

וָושִׁינְגְטוֹן דִי. סִי. • (wáshington di. si.)

וָושִׁינְגְטוֹן דִי. סִי. (canonical)
wáshington di. si. (romanization)

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English:_Q61

District of Columbia
District of Columbia

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States, formally known as the District of Columbia)


יאמוסוקרו

יָמוּסוּקְרוֹ

יאמוסוקרו / יָמוּסוּקְרוֹ • (yamusukro)

יָמוּסוּקְרוֹ (canonical)
yamusukro (romanization)

Yamoussoukro (the official and administrative capital of Ivory Coast)


סטוקהולם

סְטוֹקְהוֹלְם

סְטוֹקְהוֹלְם • (stokholm)

סְטוֹקְהוֹלְם (canonical)
stokholm (romanization)

Stockholm (A municipality, the capital and largest city of Sweden; county seat of Stockholm County, Sweden)


אוטווה

אוטווה / אוֹטָוָה • ('otawa)

אוֹטָוָה (canonical)
'otawa (romanization)

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada)


קאבול

קאבול / קָבּוּל • (kabul)

קָבּוּל (canonical)
kabul (romanization)

Kabul (the capital and largest city of Afghanistan)


הלסינקי

הֶלְסִינְקִי

הֶלְסִינְקִי • (helsinki)

הֶלְסִינְקִי (canonical)
helsinki (romanization)


אוסלו

אוֹסְלוֹ • (oslo)

אוֹסְלוֹ (canonical)
oslo (romanization)

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


ויינטיאן

וְיֶנְטְיָאן

ויינטיאן / וְיֶנְטְיָאן • (vientian)

וְיֶנְטְיָאן (canonical)
vientian (romanization)


ואגאדוגו

וָאגָאדוּגוּ

וָאגָאדוּגוּ • (wagadugu)

וָאגָאדוּגוּ (canonical)
wagadugu (romanization)

Ouagadougou (the capital city of Burkina Faso)


רבאט

רַבַּאט • (rabat)

רַבַּאט (canonical)
rabat (romanization)

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


דוחה

דּוֹחַה • (dokha)

דּוֹחַה (canonical)
dokha (romanization)

Doha (the capital and largest city of Qatar)


מוגדישו

מוֹגָדִישׁוֹ

מוֹגָדִישׁוֹ • (mogadisho)

מוֹגָדִישׁוֹ (canonical)
mogadisho (romanization)


מנאמה

Manama (a city, the capital city of Bahrain)


ליובליאנה

לְיוּבְּלְיָאנָה

לְיוּבְּלְיָאנָה • (lyublyana)

לְיוּבְּלְיָאנָה (canonical)
lyublyana (romanization)

Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


בייג׳ינג

בֵּייְגִ׳ינְג

בֵּייְגִ׳ינְג • (beijing)

בֵּייְגִ׳ינְג (canonical)
beijing (romanization)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


מקסיקו סיטי

מֶקְסִיקוֹ סִיטִי

מֶקְסִיקוֹ סִיטִי • (méksiko síti) f

מֶקְסִיקוֹ סִיטִי (canonical)
méksiko síti (romanization)

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


ניירובי

ניירובי / נַיְרוֹבִּי • (nairobi)

נַיְרוֹבִּי (canonical)
nairobi (romanization)


אקרה

אַקְרָה • (akra)


אבוג׳ה

אַבּוּגָ'ה • (abuja)

אַבּוּגָ'ה (canonical)
abuja (romanization)

Federal Capital Territory
Federal Capital Territory#English

Abuja (the capital city of Nigeria; lying in the Federal Capital Territory in the North Central geopolitical zone)


אדיס אבבה

אָדִיס אָבֶּבָּה

אָדִיס אָבֶּבָּה • (adis abeba)

אָדִיס אָבֶּבָּה (canonical)
adis abeba (romanization)

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)


פיונגיאנג

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


סיאול

סיאול / סֶאוּל • (transliteration needed)

Seoul (the capital city of South Korea, also the historical capital of Korea from 1394 until the country was divided in 1945)


ולינגטון

וֶלִינְגְּטוֹן

וֶלִינְגְּטוֹן • (welington)

וֶלִינְגְּטוֹן (canonical)
welington (romanization)

Wellington (the capital city of New Zealand)


ריאד

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


טריפולי

טְרִיפּוֹלִי

טְרִיפּוֹלִי • (tripoli)

טְרִיפּוֹלִי (canonical)
tripoli (romanization)

Tripoli (the capital city of Libya, originally three separate settlements known as Oea, Sabratha, and Leptis Magna)


מונטווידאו

מוֹנְטֶבִידֶאוֹ

מונטווידאו / מוֹנְטֶבִידֶאוֹ • (montevide'o)

מוֹנְטֶבִידֶאוֹ (canonical)
montevide'o (romanization)

Montevideo (the capital city of Uruguay)


עמאן

עַמָּאן • (amán)


אנקרה

אַנְקָרָה • (ánkara) f

אַנְקָרָה (canonical)
ánkara (romanization)


ברזיליה

בְּרָזִילְיָה

בְּרָזִילְיָה • (brazílya) f

בְּרָזִילְיָה (canonical)
brazílya (romanization)

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


הוניארה

הוֹנִיאָרָה • (honiara)

הוֹנִיאָרָה (canonical)
honiara (romanization)

Honiara (the capital city of the Solomon Islands)


קופנהאגן

קוֹפֶּנְהָגֶן

קופנהאגן / קוֹפֶּנְהָגֶן • (kopenhagen)

קוֹפֶּנְהָגֶן (canonical)
kopenhagen (romanization)

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


באקו

באקו / בָּקוּ • (baku)


אנטננריבו

אַנְטַנַנָּרִיבוֹ

אַנְטַנַנָּרִיבוֹ • (antananarivó)

אַנְטַנַנָּרִיבוֹ (canonical)
antananarivó (romanization)

Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


דודומה

דוֹדוֹמָה • (dodoma)

דוֹדוֹמָה (canonical)
dodoma (romanization)


קיטו

קִיטוֹ • (kito)


לימה

לִימָה • (líma) f


אסונסיון

אָסוּנְסְיוֹן

אָסוּנְסְיוֹן • (asunsyon)

אָסוּנְסְיוֹן (canonical)
asunsyon (romanization)


מנילה

מָנִילָה • (manila) f

מָנִילָה (canonical)
manila (romanization)

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines; regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon)


קינשאסה

קינשאסה / קִינְשָׁסָה • (kinshasa)

קִינְשָׁסָה (canonical)
kinshasa (romanization)

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (The capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River)


ניו דלהי

נְיוּ דֶּלְהִי

נְיוּ דֶּלְהִי • (nyu delhi)

נְיוּ דֶּלְהִי (canonical)
nyu delhi (romanization)

New Delhi (the capital city of India, located in the national capital territory of Delhi)


פראג

פראג / פְּרָג • (prag)

Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia#English

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic; former capital of Czechoslovakia; former capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia)


פריטאון

Freetown (the capital city of Sierra Leone)


אשגבאט

Ashgabat (the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan)


כווית סיטי

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait)


גואטמלה סיטי

גּוּאָטֶמָלָה סִיטִי

גּוּאָטֶמָלָה סִיטִי • (guatemála síti) f

גּוּאָטֶמָלָה סִיטִי (canonical)
guatemála síti (romanization)

Guatemala City
Guatemala City#English:_Q1555

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


פנום פן

פְּנוֹם פֶּן

פְּנוֹם פֶּן • (pnom pen)

פְּנוֹם פֶּן (canonical)
pnom pen (romanization)

Phnom Penh (the capital city of Cambodia)


דקאר

דָּקָאר / דָקָר • (dakar)

דָּקָאר (canonical)
דָקָר (canonical)
dakar (romanization)


ח'רטום

חַ׳רְטוּם or חֻ׳רטוּם • (h’artum or h’urtum)

חַ׳רְטוּם (canonical)
חֻ׳רטוּם (canonical)
h’artum (romanization)
h’urtum (romanization)


קמפלה

קַמְפָּלָה • (kampala)

קַמְפָּלָה (canonical)
kampala (romanization)

Kampala (The capital of, and largest city in, Uganda)


טשקנט

טַשְׁקֶנְט • (tashkent)

טַשְׁקֶנְט (canonical)
tashkent (romanization)

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


טביליסי

טְבִּילִיסִי

טְבִּילִיסִי • (tbilisi)

טְבִּילִיסִי (canonical)
tbilisi (romanization)

Tbilisi (the capital city of the country of Georgia)


סנטיאגו

סַנְטְיָאגוֹ

סַנְטְיָאגוֹ • (santiago)

סַנְטְיָאגוֹ (canonical)
santiago (romanization)


פורט-או-פרנס

פּוֹרְט-אוֹ-פְּרָנְס

פּוֹרְט-אוֹ-פְּרָנְס • (port-o-prans)

פּוֹרְט-אוֹ-פְּרָנְס (canonical)
port-o-prans (romanization)

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


ג'ובה

ג'וּבָּה • (juba)

ג'וּבָּה (canonical)
juba (romanization)


כווית

כווית / כְּוֵית • (k'wét) f

כְּוֵית (canonical)
k'wét (romanization)


מרסיי

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


שאטורו

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Châteauroux (a commune, the capital of the Indre department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


ברצלונה

בַּרְצֶלוֹנָה

בַּרְצֶלוֹנָה • (bartselóna) f

בַּרְצֶלוֹנָה (canonical)
bartselóna (romanization)

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


סינגפור

סִינְגָּפּוּר

סִינְגָּפּוּר • (singapur) f

סִינְגָּפּוּר (canonical)
singapur (romanization)

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


ג׳יבוטי

גִּ׳יבּוּטִי

גִּ׳יבּוּטִי • (djibúti) f

גִּ׳יבּוּטִי (canonical)
djibúti (romanization)

Djibouti (a country in East Africa)
Djibouti (the capital city of Djibouti)


ביירות

ביירות / בֵּירוּת • (beyrút) f

בֵּירוּת (canonical)
beyrút (romanization)

Beirut (the capital and largest city of Lebanon)


פנמה סיטי

פָּנָמָה סִיטִי

פָּנָמָה סִיטִי • (pánama síti) f

פָּנָמָה סִיטִי (canonical)
pánama síti (romanization)

Panama City (the capital city of Panama)