lalo

From Proto-Polynesian *lalo (compare with Maori raro), from Proto-Oceanic *ralom, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm (compare with Malay dalam), from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.


hauhau

From Proto-Polynesian *faufau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu (“odor, stench”).


aliʻi

→ English: ali'i


ʻape

a large-leafed plant in the Araceae, related to taro, Alocasia macrorrhiza


wauke

The paper mulberry, Broussonetia papyifera, used to make kapa


ʻulu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuluʀ. Cognate with Maori kuru, Samoan 'ulu, Malay kulur.


heʻe

From Proto-Polynesian *feke. Cognate with Maori wheke, Rapa Nui hehe, Samoan fe'e, Tongan feke.


heʻe

From Proto-Polynesian *seke (compare with Tongan heke (“slippery, to slide”); Tahitian heʻe and paheʻe (“to slide”); Maori heke (“to descend, to drip”)).


puaʻa

(obsolete) a general name for any introduced quadruped

Mehe ao puaʻa lā, ke aloha e kau nei.

Like a cloud resting on the mountain is the love alighting here.

banks of fog or clouds, often as gathered over a mountain summit, a sign of rain and believed to be the cloud forms of Kamapuaʻa


hīnano

The fragrant male flower of the pandanus


kī

Cordyline fruticosa
Cordyline fruticosa#Translingual


koʻu

my first person singular possessive, o-type

The o-type forms are used for possessions that are inherited

and for things that can be got into. The a-type forms are used for acquired possessions.


kuʻu

(endearing) my first person singular possessive, both o- and a-type


kāu

your second person singular possessive, a-form


kāna

his, her, its third person singular possessive, a-type


kaʻu

From Proto-Polynesian *taʻaku. Compare Maori taku.

my first person singular possessive, a-form


hānai

Related to Rapa Nui 'angai, Tahitian fa'a'amu


hānai

(transitive) to feed, care for, provide for


poʻe

poʻe wahine – women

ka poʻe wahine – the women

Plural marker, mainly used for nouns describing human beings


aʻa

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Polynesian *aka (compare with Maori aka), from Proto-Oceanic *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ (compare with Malay akar).

hoʻoaʻa

to cause a plant to take root; to take root

aʻa koni

throbbing vein, artery; pulse; throbbing with excitement


maʻa

(stative) accustomed, familiar, experienced


ʻē

From Proto-Polynesian *ee. Cognates include Rapa Nui ꞌēē and Tahitian ʻē.


ʻē

The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.


ʻaʻole

ʻa + ʻole (“not, without, lacking”) (Compare Maori kore (“without, not having”))


paila

E paila kākou i ka iʻa.


ʻewalu

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + walu (“eight”)


ʻelima

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + lima (“five”)


ʻeiwa

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + iwa (“nine”)


ʻeono

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + ono (“six”)


ʻehiku

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + hiku (“seven”)


ʻekolu

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + kolu (“three”)


ʻelua

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + lua (“two”)


ʻekahi

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + kahi (“one”)

ʻekahi, ʻelua, ʻekolu


ʻehā

From ʻe- (prefix for creating cardinal numbers) + hā (“four”)


bē

The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.


oʻu

my, mine First person singular possessive, o-type.


naʻu

Naʻu ka puke

Give the book to me. / The book was written by me. (ambiguous)

ʻOka ʻo ia i pā mea ʻai naʻu.


nāu

yours, for you, by you (second person singular)


nāna

for him/her/it; by him/her/it; his, hers, its; whose, for whom, by whom


āu

yours, your Second person singular possessive, a-type.


ʻo

Placed at the beginning of nominative phrases to signify that they are declarative


aʻu

From Proto-Polynesian *au, from Proto-Oceanic *(i-)au, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku. Compare Maori aku.

mine, my First person singular possessive, a-type.


aʻu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saku-layaʀ (“swordfish”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saku (“needlefish”)


aeʻo

A species of stilt (bird) native to Hawaii, Himantopus knudseni


kukuluaeʻo

A species of stilt (bird) native to Hawaii (Himantopus knudseni)


kāne

From Proto-Polynesian *taqane, from Proto-Central Pacific *taŋwaqane, from Proto-Oceanic *taumʷaqane, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau (“person, human”) + *maʀuqanay (“male”).


kaikamahine

head

kaikamahine (irregular plural kaikamāhine)


holoholona

From holoholo + -ana, from holoholo (“go for a walk”), reduplication of holo (“to run”).


makuahine

Compound of makua (“parent”) + wahine (“woman”)

com+

any female relative of the parents' generation


makua kāne

head

makua kāne (irregular plural mākua kāne)

Compound of makua (“parent”) + kāne (“male”)

com+

any male relative of the parents' generation


ʻike

From Proto-Polynesian *kite (compare with Maori kite, Tahitian ʻite) from Proto-Oceanic *kita-i suffixed from *kita from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kita (“to see”) (compare with Tagalog kita).


nēnē

English: nene


Kauaʻi

English: Kauai

Kauai (an island in Hawaii, United States)


Lānaʻi

Probably from lā (“day”) + naʻi (“conquest”).

Lanai (an island in Hawaii, United States)


Niʻihau

Niihau (an island in Hawaii, United States)


Molokaʻi

Molokai (an island in Hawaii, United States)


tūpuna

Niʻihau form of kūpuna (“grandparents, elders”)


ʻia

Ua ʻike ʻia ke koholā e nā kelamoku.

used after a verb to denote passive voice


iā

Aloha wau iā ʻoe.

object marker of a verb, used before personal pronouns and personal names


iaʻu

Kala mai iaʻu.


wāwae

Cognate with Tahitian 'āvae, Maori waewae, Rapa Nui va'e, and Fijian yava.


pāpālina

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *papa-ariŋa. Equivalent to papa (“flat surface”) + lina (“soft”).


naʻau

From Proto-Polynesian *ŋaakau; compare with Maori ngākau (“bowels, heart”), Tahitian ʻāʻau (“bowels, heart, conscience, soul”), Tongan ngākau (“intestines”) and Samoan gāʻau (“entrails, penis”).


maopopo

Ua maopopo ka haʻawina iaʻu


hoʻomaopopo

Ua hoʻomaopopo au i ka haʻawina


ʻili

From Proto-Polynesian *kili (cognate with Maori kiri), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit (compare Malay kulit).


pōpoki

Ua ʻai ka pōpoki i ka ʻiole.


ʻiole

From Proto-Polynesian *kiole. Cognate with Maori kiore.

Ua ʻai ka pōpoki i ka ʻiole.

rat, mouse; (especially) the Polynesian rat


hikina

Compound of hiki (“to come, to arrive, to reach a place”) + -na (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).

affix

nominalizing suffix; compare English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-ing</i>

east (possibly in reference to the arrival of the sun at the start of a new day)


komohana

Compound of komo (“to enter”) + -hana (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).


ʻelemakule

head

ʻelemakule (irregular plural ʻelemākule)


lauoho

Compound of lau (“leaf”) + oho (“hair; leaves”).


piʻi

(intransitive, figurative) to rise, to climb, to ascend

to travel inland, thus
to rise, to climb, to ascend

(intransitive) to travel inland, thus
(intransitive, figurative) to grow up

(transitive, figurative) to mount, to breed, to fuck

to travel inland, thus
to mount, to breed, to fuck

(intransitive) to experience personally, to feel


piʻi

(stative) Alternative form of piʻipiʻi: curly

(stative) Alternative form of pipiʻi: expensive


piʻi

a triangular piece of fabric used in a holoku or trouser leg to add width


lāʻau

From Proto-Polynesian *raqakau (compare Maori rākau), from Proto-Oceanic *raqan kayu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqan kahiw (compare Malay dahan kayu).


kaʻa

From Proto-Polynesian *taka (compare with Maori taka (“to fall off, to turn or wind round”), Tahitian taʻa (“to tumble”), Tongan taka (“to wander, to roam”), Samoan taʻa (“to wander, to roam”)).


lomi

From Proto-Polynesian *lomi (“squeeze, massage, press down on”).

der

(transitive) to press on, squeeze, knead, massage


kenekoa

Borrowed from English senator, from Latin senātor.


wehewehe

(transitive) to open something up or pull two things apart


he niho

Literally "has teeth" or "has claws"; compare metaphorical uses of bite in English.


peʻa

From Proto-Polynesian *peka (compare Maori peka, Samoan pe'a).


nalo

From Proto-Polynesian *laŋo by metathesis.


ieta

The name of the Latin-script letter Y/y.


ʻana

A rough, sandpapery substance (pumice or Leiodermatium sponges)


ʻana

Follows a verb to make it into a verbal noun that functions like a gerund


ʻū

The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.


ʻī

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


wē

The name of the Latin-script letter W/w.


mū

The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.


nū

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.


sē

The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.


ʻō

From Proto-Polynesian *koho (compare with Maori kō and Samoan ʻoso) from Proto-Oceanic *kojom (“husking stick”). Doublet of ʻōʻō.

special planted stick for husking coconuts

The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.


ʻā

From Proto-Polynesian *kaha (“to burn”). Cognates include Rapa Nui kā and Maori kā.


ʻā

(transitive) to dare (someone to do something)


ʻā

The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.


wī

From Proto-Polynesian *wī, cognate with Fijian wi and Tongan vī.

Spondias dulcis
Spondias dulcis#Translingual

Spondias dulcis, ambarella or Otaheite apple


wī

The name of the Latin-script letter V/v.


kūkae

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *tuutaʻe. Compare Maori tūtae (“excrement, dung, feces”).


ʻaina

From ʻai (“eat”) + -na (noun-forming suffix).


ʻanakē

auntie (affectionate term for an older woman)


Kalikimaka

Borrowed from English Christmas, and adapted to Hawaiian phonotactics.


ʻaina ahiahi

Compound of ʻaina (“meal”) + ahiahi (“evening”).


ʻanakala

(endearing) uncle (term of address for an older man)


ʻaina awakea

[ˈʔɐj.nə ˌɐ.ʋəˈkɛ.jə]

[ˈʔɛj.nə ˌɐ.ʋəˈkɛ.jə]

Compound of ʻaina (“meal”) + awakea (“midday, noon”).


a i ʻole

From a (“and”) + i (“if”) + ʻole (“not”).


ʻapōpō

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *a-popo. Cognates include Maori āpōpō and Rapa Nui āpō.


nalu

From Proto-Polynesian *ŋalu (“mounting wave, ocean wave”) (compare with Maori ngaru, Tahitian ʻaru, Tongan ngalu, Samoan galu), from Proto-Oceanic *ŋalun (“mountain wave”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun (“long rolling wave; swell”) (compare with Malay alun, Tagalog álon).


palapala

document (any official or original paper)


pōhaku

From Proto-Central Polynesian *poo-fatu.


pueo

Hawaiian owl (Asio flammeus sandwichiensis)


koholā

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *tafolaqa. Cognate with Futuna-Aniwa tafora, Kwamera tɨfra.


hoʻi

Used to intensify the preceding word or phrase: indeed, just; also, too, besides; possibly


hoʻi

(intransitive) to return (go or come back)


ʻauʻau

From Proto-Polynesian *kau-kau. Cognates include Maori kaukau and Tokelauan kaukau.


kūʻai

Compound of kū (“stand”) + ʻai (“food”).

kūʻai mai

kūʻai aku


aʻo

aʻo mai

aʻo aku


aʻo

(poetic) subject marker (replacing ʻo in poetry)


aʻo

(poetic) of, belonging to (o-possessive, replacing of o in poetry)


akula

Compound of aku (“away from the speaker”) + lā (“there, then”).


lānai

English: lanai


ʻōpeʻapeʻa

a Hawaiian bat (endemic to the Hawaiian Islands)


haneli

Borrowed from English hundred, from Middle English hundred, Old English hundred, from Proto-Germanic *hundaradą, from *hundą (from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm) + *radą (“count”).


hānau

From Proto-Polynesian *fanau. Cognates include Tokelauan fānau and Maori whānau.


ʻano

From Proto-Polynesian *kano (compare Maori kano, Tahitian ʻaʻano and Tongan kano), from Proto-Oceanic *kanon (“flesh; kernel”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kan-ən from Proto-Austronesian *kaən-an (“food, cooked rice”) from Proto-Austronesian *kaən (“to eat”) (thus doublet of ʻai). Also a doublet of ʻanoʻano.


ʻano

(stative, modifying the following word) somewhat, rather


ʻAmelika Hui

United States of America
United States of America


ʻĀina Pilipino

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Lūkia

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Kelemānia

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Sepania

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


ʻĀina Hau

Compound of ʻāina + hau. Literally, “the land of ice”. Calque of English Iceland.


mātua

Ua hele na mātua i ta hale.


Honokaona

Hong Kong (a city and special administrative region of China)


Lākana

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Nuioka

New York (a city in New York, United States)


Wakinekona

Washington (the capital city of the United States)

Washington (a state of the United States)

A respelling of the English surname Washington


Kuikilani

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Palika

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Kuleke

Turkey (a country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


ʻIlana

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Pelekiuma

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Tailani

ʻōlelo Tailani


ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

ʻAmelika Huipūʻia
ʻAmelika Huipūʻia#Hawaiian

Alternative spelling of ʻAmelika Huipūʻia


ʻAmelika Huipūʻia

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


ʻIlaka

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ʻAikupika

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Palakila

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Naigeria

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Nukilani

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Romānia

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Pulukalia

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Kāmoa

Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Keokia

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


ʻInidonesia

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Pokoliko

Puerto Rico (a commonwealth, island and dependent territory of the United States in the Caribbean)


ʻApelika Hema

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


haʻawina

[ˌhɐ.ʔəˈʋi.nə]

Compound of hāʻawi (“to give”) + -na (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).


mālama

(transitive) to care for, preserve, protect


aupuni

he hana aupuni


ʻōiwi

Derivative of iwi (“bone”). Compare kulāiwi (“homeland”), similarly derived.


aʻe

any of several native Hawaiian trees (Sapindus spp., Zanthoxylum spp.)


aʻela

ʻĪ aʻela ʻo ia


uila

From Proto-Polynesian *quhila (compare with Maori uira and Tahitian uira, Tongan ʻuhila, Samoan uila), from Proto-Oceanic *qusila (compare with Fijian cila (“to shine”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *silaq (“outpouring or beam of light”) related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qusilak (“lightning”). Compare with Maori uira and Tahitian uira, Tongan ʻuhila, plus Maori hiko for semantic extension into "electricity".


poe

From Proto-Polynesian *poe (“pearl”) (compare with Tahitian poe (“pearl”))


ʻUkelena

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Pīkī

Borrowed from English Fiji, from Fijian Viti Levu (“Great Fiji”).

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Pīkī

Borrowed from English P. G., compare Pi Gi.

Provisional Government of Hawaii (1893-1894)


Kepanī

ʻōlelo Kepanī — Japanese language


Pelekānia

ʻōlelo Pelekānia
English language


Pelekāne

ʻōlelo Pelekane — English language


Pākē

Borrowed from Cantonese 伯爺／伯爷 (baak3 je1, “(other's) father; term of address for a man”).


Pākē

ʻōlelo Pākē
Chinese language

ʻĀina Pākē
China


mau loa

(stative) eternal, everlasting, forever, endless


ʻahi

→ English: ahi

From Proto-Polynesian *kasi. Compare Tuvaluan kasi and Rapa Nui kahi.

Thunnus albacares
Thunnus albacares#Translingual


kauā

(historical) outcast, member of the ancient Hawaiian slave class


Paniolo

⇒ Hawaiian: paniolo
→ English: paniolo


maoli

→ English: Maoli

From Proto-Polynesian *ma(a)qoli (“true, genuine, real”). Compare Maori māori.


ʻeleʻele

[ˌʔɛ.lɛˈʔɛ.lɛ]


ʻĀina ʻŌmaʻomaʻo

ʻāina (“land”) + ʻōmaʻomaʻo (“green”), a calque of English Greenland.

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


lālā

From Proto-Polynesian *raqaraqa (“branchy, having branches; small branches”), from *raqa (“branch of tree”).

lālā ʻuʻuku

lālā ʻole


lālā

(intransitive) to branch out, to diverge


pahu

From Proto-Polynesian *pasu₁ (“drum”). Cognate with Tahitian pahu and Maori pahū.


auau

to hasten, hurry, rush, excite to action


manini

→ English: manini

→ Cebuano: manini

Acanthurus triostegus, a species of surgeonfish


hō

From Proto-Polynesian *soko₂ (“to exchange”); compare with Maori hoko (“to barter, trade, sell/buy”) and Tahitian hoʻo (“to trade”)


hemolele

(stative) holy, immaculate, saintly, pure in heart


ʻōhelo papa

ʻōhelo (“Vaccinium reticulatum”) + papa (“plain, flat”)


Akua

Capitalized version of akua (“god”), a calque of English God.

1840, October 8th, 1840 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Ua hana mai ke Akua i nā lāhui kānaka a pau i ke koko hoʻokahi, e noho like lākou ma ka honua nei me ke kuʻikahi, a me ka pōmaikaʻi. Ua hāʻawi mai nō ke Akua i kekahi mau waiwai like, no nā kānaka a pau, me nā aliʻi a pau o nā ʻāina a pau loa.

God hath made of one blood all nations of men, to dwell on the face of the earth in unity and blessedness. God has also bestowed certain rights alike on all men, and all chiefs and all people of all lands.

(preceded by definite article) God (Christian)


ʻakaʻaka

[ˌʔɐ.kəˈʔɐ.kə]


ʻakaʻaka

[ˌʔɐ.kəˈʔɐ.kə]


kamani

Calophyllum inophyllum
Calophyllum inophyllum#Translingual

Calophyllum inophyllum, tree with wood used for house and canoe making


maitai

Maitai au.


manawa

From Proto-Polynesian *manawa (compare with Tongan manava and Tahitian manava (both “belly”), Samoan manava (“lower abdomen”)), from Proto-Oceanic *mañawa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manihawa, from *nihawa (compare with Malay nyawa (“life”), Central Dusun ginawo (“heart”) Tagalog ginhawa (“comfort”)), from Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa (“breath, life force”).

inh

Hāliʻaliʻa mai ke aloha pili paʻa i kuʻu manawa.

Recalling love dwelling firmly in my affections.

Ke hoʻonakulu nei i kuʻu manawa, no kuʻu ipo paha kēia wela.

Causing my heart to pitter-patter, perhaps this warmth is from my lover.

Holoi au i nā pā i nā manawa a pau.


ʻalalā

→ English: alala


nani

Hū, he lā nani kēia.


Laosa

ʻōlelo Laosa


nanahana

Borrowed from Cantonese 銀杏／银杏 (ngan4 hang6, “ginkgo biloba”).


ʻio

Buteo solitarius
Buteo solitarius#Translingual


kūionoko

Borrowed from Ilocano duyong (“dugong”).


kukukū

Borrowed from Inuvialuktun ᑐᒃᑐ (tuktu, “caribou”).


palānaka

Borrowed from Ilocano palláng (“winged bean”).

A winged bean plant (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)


hoikiuna

Borrowed from Cantonese 海豚 (hoi2 tyun4, “dolphin”).


kanaluna

Borrowed from Cantonese 燈籠／灯笼 (dang1 lung4, “lantern”).


loukuaka

Borrowed from Cantonese 蘆橘／芦橘 (lou4 gwat1, “loquat”).


kamakuaka

Borrowed from Cantonese 柑橘 (gam1 gwat1, “kumquat”).


kaʻaka

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps borrowed from Tahitian taʻata (“person”), from Proto-Polynesian *taŋata.

(dated, slang) fellow, chap, person, wretch


nanuka

Borrowed from Inuvialuktun ᓇᓄᖅ (nanuq, “polar bear”).


kupeleko

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κυπάρισσος (kupárissos), probably of some Mediterranean Pre-Greek origin.


kalapuna

Borrowed from Maori tarāpunga and adapted with the appropriate changes should the word have been inherited from Proto-Eastern Polynesian.


naheka

Learned borrowing from Hebrew נָחָשׁ (nakhásh) by Christian missionaries.


naʻokoko

Borrowed from Maori ngakototo with the appropriate changes should the word have been inherited from Proto-Eastern Polynesian.


pīkake

→ English: pikake

From English peacock. Both were associated with Princess Kaʻiulani, so they both came to have the same name.
Cognate with Maori pīkake.

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual

Arabian jasmine, Jasminum sambac, an introduced flower used in leis


muʻumuʻu

muumuu (loose-fitting dress, often with sleeves or yoke removed)


Pi Gi

Borrowed from English PG, from the initials of Provisional Government of Hawaii (PG) pronounced using their Hawaiian letter-names.

March 5, 1894, Ka Makaainana
Eia na Pi Gi ke manao nei e hana i kanawai no keia poe.
Eia nā Pi Gi ke manaʻo nei e hana i kānāwai no kēia poʻe.
The PG forces plan to create a new law regarding these people.


maka keleawe

a horse eye of a whitish color, but with good vision


lokoʻino

(stative) to act vilely, to deal malevolently, to exhibit a bad disposition

(stative) unmerciful, unkind, ungenerous


huaʻōlelo

Compound of hua (“fruit”) + ʻōlelo (“language”).


mokuʻāina

moku (“island, section”) + ʻāina (“land”)


kaumokuʻāina

Compound of kau (plural marker) + mokuʻāina (“state, district, province, island”)


mokuhonua

Compound of moku (“island, section”) + honua (“Earth, land, world”)


ʻāinapuniʻole

Compound of ʻāina (“land”) + puni (“surrounded”) + ʻole (“not”)


kūlanakauhale

Compound of kūlana (“situation”) + kau (“plural marker”) + hale (“house”)


ʻanemoku

ʻane + moku, calque of French presqu’île, itself a calque of Latin paenīnsula.


kūkaepele

From kūkae (“dung”) + Pele (“the volcano goddess Pele”).


puaʻa nui huelo huluhulu

Literally "big quadruped with hairy tail"

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see puaʻa, nui, huelo, huluhulu.


hāmeʻa

From hā- + meʻa (borrowed from Tongan meʻa (“thing, matter, object”), cognate to Hawaiian mea).

Loaʻa kekahi hāmeʻa no ka hoʻāwīwī ʻana i ke paʻi ʻana.

There's a device for speeding up the printing.

device, doohickey, gadget, gizmo, thingamajig


māihi ola

by the skin of one's teeth
by the skin of one's teeth


māihi ʻili

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see māihi, ʻili.; to peel off the skin, hind, rind, etc.


ʻōkolehao

English: okolehao


ʻeʻeʻina

ʻUīʻuī, ʻeʻeʻina ka ʻoneki o lalo

to creak; crackle; grate, as one thing against another


ʻūpā

From Mandarin, ao “to boil”; pa “eight.” Mandarin Luópán. The original compass was made in a bowl, they put mercury in the bowl with a spoon in the mercury. The bowl was marked with eight spots. The handle of the spoon would point to the magnetic direction (Chinese magnetic compass.)
Synonyms
(Cantonese) 羅庚／罗庚
(Min Nan) 羅經／罗经, 干經／干经


tumu

O wai tou tumu?


hoʻo-

From Proto-Polynesian *faka. Cognate to Tahitian haʻa-, Maori whaka-, etc.

malu (“safe”) → hoʻomalu (“to protect; to appease”)

ākea (“broad”) → hoʻākea (“to broaden”)

hoʻokuli (“to feign deafness”)

hoʻomikanele

forms verbs that carry the meaning of “acting like”

hoʻokamaliʻi (“childish”)


Ieremia

Jeremiah (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


Wanuatu

Vanuatu (a country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania)


Nahuma

Nahum (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


Habakuka

Habakkuk (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


ʻōkole

a kind of birthmark (round, black, and raised above the surrounding skin)


Kahului

→ English: Kahului

census-designated place
census-designated place

Kahului (a census-designated place, the county seat of Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


pelapela

(stative) indecent, vulgar, lewd, obscene

(intransitive) to stink, to emit a bad smell


hoʻopelapela

(transitive) to befoul, soil, make dirty or filthy, to pollute


koaea

(stative) dry, lacking juice or succulence, lacking the fluids that characterize food

(stative) dry, unfruitful, bearing no fruit


ʻalani

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual


Daniʻela

2012 Baibala Hemolele, Daniʻela 6:16 (tr. KJV Daniel 6:16)

Then the king commanded, and they brought Daniel, and cast him into the denne of Lions: now the king spake and saide vnto Daniel; Thy God, whom thou seruest continually, he will deliuer thee.

A kauoha aʻela ke aliʻi, a ua lawe ʻia mai ʻo Daniʻela, a hoʻolei ʻia ihola ʻo ia i loko o ka lua liona. ʻŌlelo maila ke aliʻi iā Daniʻela, ʻī maila, ʻO kou Akua, ka mea āu i hoʻomana mau ai, e hoʻopakele nō ʻo ia iā ʻoe.

Daniel (biblical character; book of the Bible)


Koloatia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


huli

⇒ English: huli-huli chicken

From Proto-Polynesian *fuli (“turn round”) from (compare with Tahitian huri, Maori huri, Samoan fuli, Tongan fuli) from Proto-Oceanic *buliŋ (“to roll”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puliŋ (“to rotate”)


Ioba

Job (biblical character; book of the Bible)


ʻIsaia

Isaiah (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


ʻEzekiʻela

Ezekiel (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


ʻAmosa

Amos (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


ʻObadia

Obadiah (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


Zepania

Zephaniah (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


ʻOihana

Acts of the Apostles
Acts of the Apostles

Acts of the Apostles (book of the Bible)


Zekaria

Zechariah (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


Hagai

Haggai (book of the Bible; biblical prophet)


ʻIsaʻaka

2012 Baibala Hemolele, Kinohi 21:4 (tr. KJV Genesis 21:4)

And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him.

I ka pō ʻawalu, ʻoki poepoe aʻela ʻo ʻAberahama i kāna keiki iā ʻIsaʻaka e like me kā ke Akua i kauoha mai ai iā ia.


Samuʻela

2012 Baibala Hemolele, 1 Samuʻela 1:20 (tr. KJV 1 Samuel 1:20)

Wherefore it came to pass, when the time was come about after Hannah had conceived, that she bare a son, and called his name Samuel, saying, Because I have asked him of the LORD.

A hiki mai ka manawa ma hope o kā Hana hāpai ʻana, hānau maila ia, he keiki kāne, a kapa akula ia i kona inoa ʻo Samuʻela; no ka mea, ua noi aku au iā ia iā Iēhova.


maʻi

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *maki (compare Maori maki), from Proto-Polynesian *masaki (compare East Futuna masaki, Tongan mahaki), from Proto-Oceanic *masakit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit (compare Tagalog masakit, Malay sakit, Acehnese sakét).


maʻi

A nui aʻela kona maʻi, ʻaʻole koe ka hanu i loko ona.

And his sickness was so serious that there was no breath left in him.


Iosua

2012 Baibala Hemolele: Iosua 11:23 (tr. KJV Joshua 23:11)

So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the Lord said unto Moses; and Joshua gave it for an inheritance unto Israel according to their divisions by their tribes. And the land rested from war.

Hoʻopio ihola ʻo Iosua i ka ʻāina a pau, e like me nā mea a pau a Iēhova i ʻōlelo mai ai iā Mose. A ʻo ka mea i ili mai na ka ʻIseraʻela, hāʻawi maila ʻo Iosua, ma ko lākou papa, ma loko o ko lākou ʻohana. A hoʻomaha ihola ka ʻāina i ke kaua.

a male given name originating from the Bible, of 19th century usage


mauli

mauli hiwa

Ā lele nui nā mauli o ua poʻe nei.

The spirits of these people have flown away together.


Rāhela

2012 Baibala Hemolele, Kinohi 29:16-18 (tr. KJV Genesis 29:16-18)

And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well favoured. And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.

ʻElua mau kaikamāhine a Labana, ʻo Lea ka inoa o ka mua, a ʻo Rāhela ka inoa o ka muli iho. He maka wai ko Lea; akā, ua maikaʻi ʻo Rāhela ke nānā aku, a ua maikaʻi kona helehelena. Aloha akula ʻo Iakoba iā Rāhela: ʻī akula ia, E hoʻoikaika aku nō au i kāu hana i nā makahiki ʻehiku no Rāhela, no kāu kaikamahine muli iho.


Mikaʻela

2012 Baibala Hemolele, Daniʻela 12:1 (tr. KJV Daniel 12:1)

And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince that standeth for the children of thy people.

Ia manawa, e kū mai i luna ʻo Mikaʻela, ua aliʻi nui lā, ka mea nāna e kōkua i nā keiki o kou poʻe kānaka;


Peneki

a male given name, spoken form of the English name Bennett


Peni

a male given name, spoken form of the pet name Ben


ʻoumuamua

→ English: ʻOumuamua

→ Translingual: Oumuamua

ʻou (“reach out for”) + mua (“first; in advance of”), doubled for emphasis.

com

scout; leader (as in battle or activity); messenger


poʻo lua

Compound of poʻo (“head, father”) + lua (“two”)

com+

partible paternity, a child fathered by other than the husband in a relationship accepted by both husband and sire (this arrangement increased the number of relatives loyal to the child, and was common in the families of chiefs)


ʻohā

From Proto-Polynesian *kofa, from Proto-Oceanic *kopa.


lōkahi

Compound of lō- (prefixing element, possibly deriving from loaʻa (“to obtain, to get”)) + kahi (“one; single”).

compound

prefixing element, possibly deriving from <i class="Latn mention" lang="haw">loaʻa</i> (“to obtain, to get”)


lōkahi

(stative) to be in agreement, to be in harmony, to be unanimous

hoʻolōkahi

to bring about unity, to bring into agreement


lele ka hanu

(literally) for the breath to leave, depart

ua lele ka hanu o ke kane

the man's breath departed, the man passed away


mele maʻi

genital chant (a procreative chant traditionally composed at the birth of a male child)


nalala

Coined by the Hawaiian Lexicon Committee in 2002 as a 'borrowing' (simulating the expected changes had the word been inherited) from the reconstruction Proto-Polynesian *ngarara (“lizard”) (compare Maori ngārara (“lizard”)).


ʻōmalumalu

From ʻō- + malu (“to cover; shade; protection”) with reduplication.


polalauahi

Compound of pola (“flap of a sarong”) + lau (“leaf, sheet, net”) + ahi (“fire”).


polalauahi

(stative) to be voggy: polluted by the presence of volcanic smoke and ash (i.e. in the air)


hoʻā

to turn on, switch on, power on (a device)


hoʻopio

to turn off, shut off, shut down (a device)


pākaukau

pā- + kau. Formerly a long mat on which food was placed (kaukau).


pāʻani

hoʻopāʻani

to make sport, cause to play, joke, playful

(transitive or intransitive) to play, sport

(stative) to be playful; to be fun, amusing, entertaining


hōʻā

(transitive) to burn, set on fire, ignite, alight


hōʻā

(transitive) to drive, herd (animals, fish)


hōʻā

(intransitive) to talk a lot, chatter, blabber


mea pāʻani

Compound of mea (“thing”) + pāʻani (“to play; playful, entertaining, fun”)


hoʻomaʻemaʻe

(transitive) to clean, cause to be clean, cleanse


ʻuala

Cognate with Tongan kumala, Maori kūmara. Apparently connected to Quechua kumar.


pāpale

Either reduplication of pale (“headdress”) or pā (“to ward off”) + pale (“headdress”).


kinipōpō

ball game, any sport involving chasing after a ball


kalaina

Compound of kālai (“to carve”) + -na (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).


nohea

(stative) to be handsome, pretty, beautiful


Lāhainā

→ English: Lahaina

Lahaina (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


kehena

From English Gehenna (“hell”), which itself comes from the Ancient Greek γέεννα, "hell", from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם, also meaning "hell" or "the valley of Hinnom".


Pōwehi

→ Translingual: Pōwehi

From pō (“unfathomable ceaseless powerful creation”) + wehi (“honorific for crowned nobles”).

af

Pua ana ke kupa ala leia ke kama nei Kama 'ia i kama'āina ke aloha Aloha Mānoa i ka ua Tuahine Halihali 'ia maila e ka 'olu Kahaukani Kani a'ela ia uka o Kaho'iwai Ia 'āina kaulana i ka ulu lehua Lehua-kea o ka uka la o Naniuapō Pōwehi i ka wai pe'e palai o Waiakeakua […]

2018, K Lipe, “Toward equity and equality: Transforming universities into Indigenous places of learning”, in Reclaiming Indigenous research in higher education:

the generative darkness of creation, from the Hawaiian creation chant Kumulipo


uniona

Borrowed from English union, from Late Latin unionem, from Latin ūnus (“one”).


kīwila

Borrowed from English civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from Latin cīvis (“citizen”).


kīwila

Hui Kīwila Hawaiʻi


kānāwai

Mamuli o ke kānāwai

Nā Kānāwai he ʻUmi ― The Ten Commandments

rule, commandment (also used in a religious context)


ʻawa

From Proto-Polynesian *kawa (“bitter ginger; bitter; kava”).

der

kava, a beverage derived from the kava plant


ʻōʻō

English: oo, moho

Latin: moho

Translingual: Moho

oo, the extinct members of the Moho genus of honeyeaters


ʻōʻō

From Proto-Polynesian *koho (compare with Maori kō, Tahitian ʻō and Samoan ʻoso) from Proto-Oceanic *kojom (“stick for husking coconuts”). Doublet of ʻō.


holokū

English: holoku

Unknown, but usually explained as a compound of holo (“go”) and kū (“stop”) for various reasons.

Mother Hubbard, a kind of traditional dress

(biblical) Used in translating various loose clothes, e.g. cloak, mantle


holokū

(stative) to be evenly plump, symmetrically stout


lepu

Learned borrowing from Latin lepus, possibly introduced by Catholic missionaries

List of missionaries to Hawaii#Roman Catholic


ʻoka

Ua ʻoka au i ke kuki kokoleka.


nā lā a pau

Hana ka makua kāne i nā lā a pau.


nīoi

From Proto-Polynesian *unuoi (“Eugenia reinwardtiana”). Sense of pepper likely came from similarity with the former's bright red fruit.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

(archaic) Cedar Bay cherry (Eugenia reinwardtiana)


ʻeke

to cringe, draw away from, shrink from, wince


pahupaʻikiʻi

Compound of pahu (“box”) + paʻi (“to print”) + kiʻi (“picture”)


nahau

Semi-learned borrowing from Fijian gasau simulating inheritance from Proto-Polynesian *ŋasau (cognate with Tongan ngahau).


kimu

From Proto-Polynesian *timu, from Proto-Oceanic *timuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


pānakana

From English pandan, from New Latin, from Malay pandan. Doublet of hala.

any plant of the genus Pandanus; the screw pines


ʻaho

From Proto-Polynesian *kaso, from Proto-Oceanic *kaso, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kasaw (“rafter”).


māhū

a person of the third gender, having traditional spiritual and social roles in the cultures of Hawaii and Tahiti


umō

(onomatopoeia) moo, characteristic lowing sound made by cattle.


hoʻowahine

From hoʻo- (“forms verbs that carry the meaning of acting like”) + wahine (“woman”).


wahīʻeha

[ʋə.hiːˈʔɛ.hə]


pūlale

(intransitive) to hurry, to rush, to hasten


hīʻōʻō

(stative) to be restless, active, flighty


hoʻonuinui

to use threatening language without carrying out the threat


anawaena

[ə.nəˈʋɐe̯.nə]


ʻAkepaikana

Azerbaijan (a country in Europe and Asia)


Kaleponi

California (a state of the United States)


Kenekī

Tennessee (a state of the United States)


Konekikuka

Connecticut (a state of the United States)


Kakoka ʻĀkau

North Dakota (a state of the United States)


Makakukeka

Massachusetts (a state of the United States)


Minekoka

Minnesota (a state of the United States)


Luikiana

Louisiana (a state of the United States)


Mikikipi

Mississippi (a state of the United States)


Kalolaina ʻĀkau

North Carolina (a state of the United States)


Penekelewinia

Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)


Nū ʻIeleke

New Jersey (a state of the United States)


Kakalameko

Sacramento (the capital city of California, United States)


Kalolaina Hema

South Carolina (a state of the United States)


Wikonekina

Wisconsin (a state of the United States)


Nū Hamekia

New Hampshire (a state of the United States)


Kakoka Hema

South Dakota (a state of the United States)


Loke ʻAilana

Rhode Island (a state of the United States)


Newaka

English Nevada, from Spanish nevada (“snow-covered”).


Wilikinia Komohana

West Virginia (a state of the United States)


Nū Mekiko

New Mexico (a state of the United States)


ʻAlapama

Alabamian, a resident or native of Alabama


Nekelana

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Puruma

ʻōlelo Puruma


Kikako

Chicago (a city in Illinois, United States)


ʻApekanikana

Borrowed from English Afghanistan, ultimately from Classical Persian افغانستان (afğānistān).


ʻApekanikana

Afghan, a resident or native of Afghanistan


Panekola

Penobscot County
Penobscot County#English

A city, the county seat of Penobscot County, Maine, United States


mahū

to be weak; to be flat (as diluted kava or stale beer)

to be insipid (as fresh poi kept too long in the icebox)


Lalie

The capital of North Carolina, United States


kahiki

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *tafiti. Compare to Maori tawhiti.


kahiki

a type of banana common on the island of Maui


Kaka

Gaza City (a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine)


kāholo

(intransitive) to move quickly, to progress rapidly


keiti

He keiti au.


katou

Aloha katou.


katahiaka

Aloha katahiaka.


hoʻomaka

E hoʻomaka ana au i ka papahana.


makahiti

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *matafiti, *matasiti.

He makahiti loihi teia.


awatea

Aloha awatea.


Poatahi

O poatahi teia.


Aukate

O Aukate teia malama.


Olelo Matuahine

Olelo Matuahine oe?

(literally, “Do you speak mother language?”)


Mozamabika

Noho au i Mozamabika.


hoomata

E hoomata i ta kaa.


Botuana

No Botuana ʻo ia.
He/she is from Botswana.


Sielaleone

Aia ʻo Freetown ma Sielaleone.


ʻohi

E ʻohi i ka palaoa.


hoʻopaʻa

E hoʻopaʻa au i ke kaʻa.


katau

E katau i ta puke.


kalaiwa

E kalaiwa ana au i ka hale kūʻai.


makautau

Niʻihau form of mākaukau (“competence, proficiency, efficiency”)


makautau

Niʻihau form of mākaukau (“ready, competent”)


toʻu

O Kimo toʻu inoa.


kaikaina

Ua hele koʻu kaikaina i kahakai.


tūtū wahine

Koʻu tūtū wahine kēlā kanaka.


tūtū kāne

No Haleʻiwa koʻu tūtū kāne.
My grandpa is from Haleʻiwa.


kaikuaʻana

Ua nānā au i koʻu kaikuaʻana.


kaulana

Kaulana ʻo Honolulu.


hanohano

Ua like kekahi ano o ka Liona, me ko ka popoki; a ma na helehelena, a ma ka hana ana, oia ka mea hanohano o na holoholona a pau i puni koko.

1834 May 16, “He Liona”, in Ka Lama Hawaii, page 1:

A lion looks and acts like a cat, it is the most majestic animal in their family.


hailepo

Compound of hai (“ray”) + lepo (“mud, dirt”)


naʻi

to strive to obtain, understand or examine


paiki

E kūʻai i ka paiki.


welina

hello, greetings (short for me ʻoukou ka welina o ke aloha)


wiliwili

Reduplication of wili "to twist", hence "repeatedly twisted", in reference to the dehiscing seed pods.

Erythrina sandwicensis, a fabaceous flowering tree endemic to the Hawaiian Islands


lōlō

(stative) paralyzed, numb, feeble-minded, crazy


Ielukalema

Jerusalem (the capital of Israel and Palestine)


lehu

From Proto-Polynesian *rapuR (“hearth”) (compare with Maori rehu (“dust, mist”), rehurehu (“obscure, to set, to dim”), pungarehu (“ash”), nehu (“seaspray”) and nehunehu (“dusky”); Tahitian rehu (“ash, grey colour”) and rehurehu (“twilight”); Tongan efu (“dust, human remains”); Samoan lefulefu) from Proto-Oceanic *dapuR (“hearth”) (compare with Fijian dravu (“ashes”) and dravuloa (“grey”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapuR (“hearth”) (compare with Malay dapur (“kitchen”) and Tagalog dapog (“open fire”)).


hoʻomana

(transitive) to place into a position of authority, to put in power


ʻekalekia

From Ancient Greek ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ (ekklēsíā).


hōʻakaʻaka

[hoːˌʔɐ.kəˈʔɐ.kə]


awāwa

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *awaawa (“valley”), reduplicated form of Proto-Polynesian *awa (“opening in a reef”).


pōpō

From Proto-Polynesian *poo-poo (compare with Maori pōpō (“to knead”), Tahitian pōpō (“ball, bubble”)).


mākolu

From Proto-Polynesian *maatolu, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ma-tolu, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ma-təlu.


mākolu

a net mesh large enough for three fingers to pass through


Sinapoa

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


hoana

joining, joint, binding (object that joins two other objects together)


waimaka

Compound of wai (“water”) + maka (“eye”). Compare to Malay air mata and Indonesian air mata.


Keaopō

(astronomy) Alphecca (Alpha Coronae Borealis), a star in the constellation Corona Borealis


Nāhiku

Compound of nā + hiku. Literally, “the seven”.


matuahine

No hea tou matuahine?


outou

E hele ana outou i ta kula.

Niʻihau form of ʻoukou (“second person plural; you (three or more)”)


palapala loaʻa

receipt (document certifying a transaction)


hoʻolimalima

to rent, to lease (by an owner, to a tenant)


palapala kākoʻo

letter of recommendation
letter of recommendation


ʻahamaka

hammock (as of tapa, fastened to the manuea, center support of a house)


kahua

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *tafuqa (“platform; foundation, base”) (compare with Tahitian tahua and Maori tahua).


Kāʻanapali

→ English: Kaanapali

Kaanapali (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


Waikapū

→ English: Waikapu

Waikapu (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


Hāliʻimaile

English: Haliimaile

Haliimaile (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


Māʻalaea

→ English: Maalaea

Maalaea (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


panalāʻau

(geography) territory, dependency, colony, province


Pāʻia

→ English: Paia

Paia (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


ʻUalapuʻe

→ English: Ualapue

Ualapue (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


Kapalua

→ English: Kapalua

Kapalua (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii, United States)


Maunaloa

From mauna (“mountain”) + loa (“long”), literally “long mountain”. Doublet of Mauna Loa.

af

Maunaloa (a census-designated place in Maui County, Hawaii)


ʻaluʻalu

(stative) misshapen (as a premature baby)


ʻanoʻano

Either reduplication or doublet of ʻano from Proto-Polynesian *kano (compare Maori kano, Tahitian ʻaʻano and Tongan kano), from Proto-Oceanic *kanon (“flesh; kernel”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kan-ən from Proto-Austronesian *kaən-an (“food, cooked rice”) from Proto-Austronesian *kaən (“to eat”) (thus doublet of ʻai).


mamao

From Proto-Polynesian *mamaqo (compare with Maori mamao, Tongan mamaʻo, Samoan mamao).


Līhuʻe

→ English: Lihue

Lihue (a census-designated place, the county seat of Kauai County, Hawaii, United States)


kokoke

(stative) near, close, closeby, adjacent


Kai ʻUla

the Red Sea (A long, narrow sea between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula; links the Suez Canal with the Arabian Sea)


Halakepoka

Hartford (the capital city of Connecticut, United States)


hōkū ʻaeʻa

[ˈhoː.kuː ˈʔɐe̯.ʔə]


pōwāwae

association football
association football


ʻū-

ʻū- + hōloʻa (“to dispense”) → ʻūhōloʻa (“dispenser”)

Indicates the cause or instrument of an action.


kukula

Reduplicated form of kula, borrowed from English school.


ʻōmole

Loaʻa iaʻu ka ʻōmole.


pokela

From English pottery, from Old French poterie.


manuhelekū

Compound of manu (“bird”) + helekū (“to walk upright”)

com+

Ua nānā au i ka manuhelekū.


pea Kina

He pea Kina au.


Kailua

Noho au i Kailua.

A census-designated place in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States


Haleʻiwa

From hale (“house”) + ʻiwa (“frigatebird”).

A census-designated place in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States; located along North Shore


inumia

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inumia, compare Malay minum.


Kaʻāwela

→ Translingual: Kaʻepaokaʻāwela

* Composed of ka 'the', ʻā 'fiery', wela 'hot'.

A bright planet, originally probably Jupiter or Venus, in the modern language taken to be Jupiter.


Hōkūʻula

Aldebaran (reference: https://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_star_lines.html )


kauka

Hālāwai ke kauka ma nā Pōʻakahi.

The doctor takes appointments on Mondays.


ʻamaʻama

Mugil cephalus
Mugil cephalus#Translingual


ʻālohilohi

Reduplication of ʻalohi. Cognate with Maori kārohirohi.


ʻalohi

(intransitive) to shine, glimmer or glister


lā hānau

Hauʻoli lā hānau!


pā-

Prefix to many bases, with general meaning of “in the nature of, having the quality of.”


lāʻau koʻokoʻo

Compound of lāʻau (“medicine”) + koʻokoʻo (“support; to resist”)


koʻo

From Proto-Polynesian *toko, from Proto-Oceanic *tokon, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təkən (“bamboo punting pole”).


koʻo

(transitive) to pole (propel by pushing with a pole)

kai koʻo


hale maʻi

hale (“house, building; institution”) + maʻi (“sick; illness”)


Pāpua Nūkini

Borrowed from English Papua New Guinea (Pāpua + Nūkini (Nū + Kini)).

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English


mīkini

mīkini panakō

mīkini holoi


mīkini

mīkini lima


Kikinē

Sydney (the capital of New South Wales, Australia)


Melepona

Melbourne (the capital of Victoria, Australia)


Kanapela

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Nuhōlani

Australia, New Holland (a country in Oceania)


pulukeke

(vulgar, offensive, slang) bullshit, nonsense


Kinikiu

(offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar) a Chinese person


ʻalu

(linguistics, stative) lax (in articulation)


hō-

(before an okina followed by a short vowel, or before long vowels) Synonym of hoʻo-


hoʻ-

emi (“cheap”) → hoʻēmi (“cheapen, diminish”)

(prevocalic, occurs before and lengthens the initial vowels a, e and sometimes i) Synonym of hoʻo-

occurs before and lengthens the initial vowels a; e and sometimes i; occurs before and lengthens the initial vowels a; e and sometimes i


hoʻokamaliʻi

hoʻo- (similative prefix) + kamaliʻi (“children”)


kamaliʻi

Compound of kama (“child”) + liʻi (“small”)


liʻi

From Proto-Polynesian *riki. Cognate with Maori riki.


Kamabodia

ʻōlelo Kamabodia


luhi

wearisome or tedious task
wearisome or tedious task


pōpolo

→ English: popolo

From Proto-Polynesian *polo; cognate with Maori poroporo and pōporo (Solanum aviculare), Tongan polo (“Solanum nigrum”) and Tuvaluan 'opolo (“capsicum”). Skin color meaning comes from analogy to the color of its berries.

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

(slang, countable, sometimes pejorative) a black person


piapia

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *piapia, from Proto-Polynesian *pia, from Proto-Oceanic *biʀaq, *biʀas.

the encrusted white matter in the eyes, as from sleeping or from sore eyes, "sand" in the eyes;

an abusive epithet applied to one who was unwashed, said to refer to genitals


hinahina

Reduplication (thus doublet) of hina from Proto-Polynesian *sina (compare with mahina “moon, moonlight” and Samoan māsina), from Proto-Oceanic *sinaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinaʀ (compare with Malay sinar, Tagalog sinag), from Proto-Austronesian *siNaʀ.

Heliotropium anomalum, a heliotrope of the Pacific Islands


hālau

→ English: halau

From Proto-Polynesian *falau (“canoe shed”).


ʻawapuhi Pākē

From ʻawapuhi + Pākē (“Chinese”), hence "Chinese awapuhi".

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

common or culinary ginger, Zingiber officinale


ʻuala kahiki

From ʻuala ("sweet potato") + kahiki ("foreign").

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual


hua ʻala

Compound of hua (“fruit”) + ʻala (“fragrant”).


mānaleo

native speaker (lit. inherited language)


kēpuka

to play a prank, usually with malicious intent


kulaʻi

From Proto-Polynesian *tulaki. Cognates include Tahitian turaʻi, Maori turaki and Tongan tulaki.

to push over; to overthrow; to shove; to push to one side


ʻōhiʻa

→ English: ohia

From Proto-Polynesian *kafika (cognate with Maori kahika and Tongan fekika), from Proto-Oceanic *kapika (cognate with Fijian kavika).

Syzygium malaccense
Syzygium malaccense#Translingual

mountain apple or Malay apple; Syzygium malaccense


uaua

(stative) tough, sinewy, glutinous, viscid, leathery

(stative, figuratively) hardheaded, willful, obstinate, tough-minded


-ā

From Proto-Polynesian *-haʻa. Compare the second element of Tongan kaihaʻa.

ʻai + -ā → ʻaiā


nahā

From Proto-Polynesian *ŋafaqa (“to burst open, to crack”) (compare with Tahitian ʻafā, Tongan ngafa, Maori ngāwhā).


ʻala

From Proto-Polynesian *kakala (cognate of Maori kakara, Tahitian aara, Samoan alalā and Tongan kakala).


kāhili

From Proto-Polynesian *taafiri (compare with Maori tāwhiri and tāhiri (both meaning “to beckon, to wave, to welcome”) plus Tahitian tāhiri and tāhirihiri (both meaning “fan”)). Also reanalysed as kā + hili.

feather standard mounted on a pole, as traditionally used in Hawaii on ceremonial occasions

Lagerstroemia indica
Lagerstroemia indica#Translingual

crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), an ornamental plant from Asia

Hedychium gardnerianum, plant related to ginger native to the Himalayas but widely grown and invasive elsewhere in warm climates


kāhili

→ English: kahili


ʻawaʻawa

[ˌʔɐ.ʋəˈʔɐ.ʋə]

Reduplication of ʻawa from Proto-Polynesian *kawa (compare with Tahitian ʻawaʻawa, Maori kawa and Samoan ʻaʻava). Doublet of ʻawa.


ʻōpuhi

From Proto-Polynesian *kava-pusi (compare with Samoan 'avapuhi and Maori kōpī (“Corynocarpus laevigatus”)) from Proto-Polynesian *kawa. Doublet of ʻawapuhi, ʻawa, and ʻawaʻawa.

Zingiber zerumbet
Zingiber zerumbet#Translingual


kau wela

Wela ka hale i ke kau wela ma Kona.


hoʻomoana

Hoʻomoana kākou i ke kau wela ma Waiʻanae.

We all go camping in the summer in Wai'anae.


kau kupulau

Hoʻomoana nā keiki i ke kau kupulau.


kau hoʻoila

Pāʻani pōpeku kākou i ke kau hoʻoilo.


huakaʻi

Aia ka huakaʻi i ke kau hāʻulelau.


kau hāʻulelau

Ikiiki ʻo Heʻeia i ke kau hāʻulelau.


ʻaha mele

Aia ka ʻaha mele ma ka lā ʻapōpō!


ʻoluʻolu

Reduplication of ʻolu (“to be pleasant, comfortable”)

redup

ʻOluʻolu ʻo Maui i ke kau kupulau.


ʻōmā

Homarus americanus
Homarus americanus#Translingual


hapalua

hapa (“portion, fraction”) + lua (“two”)

compound

Hapalua hola ʻelima


holoholo

to go for a walk, ride, or sail; to go out for pleasure, stroll, promenade


lepeamoa

lepe (“(cocks)comb”) + a + moa (“chicken”)

com

Celosia cristata
Celosia cristata#Translingual


lepelepe

Clipping of lepelepe-o-hina (“monarch butterfly”).


lepelepeamoa

Compound of lepelepe (“wattles”) + a + moa (“chicken”)

com+

Selaginella arbusculla (variety of spike moss used in leis)


hoʻokae ili

racial discrimination
racial discrimination

racial discrimination, racial prejudice, racism


hoʻokae

(transitive) to despise, detest, treat with contempt or scorn

(transitive) to refrain from doing, as due to horror


ʻūlei

Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, a native Hawai'ian shrub whose tough wood is traditionally used to make a variety of tools and weapons


ianakama

Most likely borrowed from Cantonese 人參／人参 (jan⁴ sam¹).

bor+

Panax quinquefolius
Panax quinquefolius#Translingual

ginseng (any plant of two species of the genus Panax (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius))


hoʻolei

hoʻo- (causative prefix) + lei (“to leap, spring forward”)


Hoʻoleilana

Blend of hoʻolei + lana. From English Ho'oleilana, from Hawaiian hoʻoleilei ka lana (sent sounds of awakening), from the Hawaiian Kumulipo creation chant: Ho'oleilei ka lana a ka Po uliuli. Literally, “From deep darkness came murmurs of awakening”

lit

(astronomy, cosmology) Ho'oleilana: A baryon acoustic oscillation, a cosmic structure in Local Universe


ʻōhelo

ʻōhelo kau lāʻau: Vaccinium calycinum

ʻōhelo ʻai: Vaccinium reticulatum


mukuela

Learned borrowing from Latin mustela, possibly introduced by Catholic missionaries


welaweka

[ʋɛ.ləˈʋɛ.kə]


hoʻohanini

From hoʻo- (causative marker) + hanini (“to overflow”).


hoʻohele

From hoʻo- (causative marker) + hele (“to go”).


hoʻomale

From hoʻo- (“causative”) + male (“to marry”).


hoʻomakaʻu

From hoʻo- (causative) + makaʻu (“to fear”).


hoʻoʻulaʻula

From hoʻo- (causative prefix) + ʻulaʻula (“red”).


hanauna

From hānau (“to give birth”) + -na (nominalizing suffix).


hoʻohaole

From hoʻo- (causative marker) + haole (“white person”).


ʻālina

Compound of ʻali (“to scar”) + -na (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).


paʻi

From Proto-Polynesian *paki₁ (“to clap, to slap, to hit, to beat”) (compare with Maori paki (“to hit, to publish”) and papaki (“to slap”), Tahitian paʻipaʻi and pāʻi plus Samoan paʻipaʻi), from Proto-Oceanic *baki from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pakpak₁ (“to clap, to flap”) (compare with Malay papak (“clapper”), Tagalog pakpák (“wing”) and palakpák (“applause”) plus Cebuano pakpák (“applause”)). Sense of printing extended from Hawaiians beating or stamping repeated patterns on kapa fabric. Doublet of pā (“to beat [an instrument], to touch”).

doublet

ʻUa paʻi ia iho nei ma ko makou halepai nei he 100 mau hoolaha no ka Abamele o Hanalei, Kauai, he 500 mau balota a me kekahi mau hana e ae.

1893 August 17, “E Mau ke Ea o ka Aina i ka Pono”, in Ka Lei Momi, page 3:

100 advertisements for the Abamele of Hanalei, Kauai, 500 ballots and some other activities were printed in our office.


makaʻina

Compound of mākaʻi (“police officer”) + -na (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).


māiʻuʻu

(anatomy) toenail, fingernail; hoof, claw


ninaninau

to interrogate, ask questions repeatedly


nihoniho

(stative) to be toothed, notched, serrated


kālepa

kā- + lepa (“flag”), as merchants historically raised white flags when carrying their wares.


hoʻohāliu

Compound of hoʻo- + hā- + liu (“to turn”).


hōʻai

(causative) to feed; to give to someone to eat


hāuna

From hau (“to strike”) + -na (nominalizing suffix).


hoʻoponopono

From hoʻo- (causative marker) + pono (“to be correct”).


kōina

Compound of koi (“to urge”) + -na (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).


ʻāluna

Compound of ʻalu (“to descend”) + -na (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).


anahulu

From Proto-Polynesian *haŋafulu, from Proto-Central Pacific *caŋavulu, from Proto-Oceanic *saŋapuluq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa-ŋa-puluq.


kā-

kā- + hea → kāhea (“to call, cry out”)


kā-

From a procliticisation of Proto-Polynesian *taa (“we (inclusive)”). For a similar formation, compare the Maori pronouns in Maori tā- (tātou, tāua). For a language which retains the Proto-Polynesian pronoun as an independent term, compare Tongan ta.


kaena

No koʻu ʻike i ka maikaʻi, koʻu mea nō, ia i ʻōlelo kaena ai.

As for my knowledge of beauty, that's something I brag about.

(transitive) to boast, brag of
(stative) to be boastful


halemākaʻi

Compound of hale (“building”) + mākaʻi (“police officer”).


ʻAlepania

Borrowed from English Albania, ultimately from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


ʻAlepania

Albanian, a resident or native of Albania


ʻumeke

From Proto-Polynesian *kumete (“bowl, mortar”) (compare with Maori kumete, Tahitian ʻumete and Samoan 'umete)


ʻāhui

From Proto-Polynesian *kaa-pui (compare with Maori kāhui) from Proto-Polynesian from Proto-Oceanic *pui₁ (“bunch”) (compare with Maori hui (“flock, herd, congregation”) and Tahitian hui (“group”) plus Maori huihui (“group, assembly”) and Tahitian huihui (“collection”)). Doublet of hui and huihui.

fruit bunch or cluster (of bananas, pandanus keys, grapes)


aʻu kū

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saku-layaʀ (“swordfish”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saku (“needlefish”)


ʻAʻā

(astronomy) the primary, visible star of the Sirius binary system; Sirius A


ʻaʻa

(stative) to be bold, brave, adventurous


ʻaʻa

From Proto-Oceanic *kaka (“young coconut frond; coconut leaf sheath”). Compare Tahitian ʻaʻa, Maori kaka, Samoan ʻaʻa.

coconut leaf sheath: a clothlike covering found on the bottom of a coconut frond


ʻaʻa

alternative form of Maʻaʻa (“wind current in Lahaina”)


Wai Momi

A deep water harbor in Oahu, Hawaii, United States, in the Pacific

(military) A naval base in Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, United States: a US Navy base


ʻaiāmanō

ʻai + -ā- + manō. Literally, “to eat like a shark”

(figuratively) to eat like a pig; to eat greedily


ʻaiāpuaʻa

ʻai + -ā- + puaʻa. Literally, “to eat like a pig”


hanuāpuaʻa

hanu + -ā- + puaʻa. Literally, “to breathe like a pig”


hikiāloa

hiki + -ā- + loa. Literally, “to reach a long way” or "having a long reach".


-ā-

ʻai (“to eat”) + -ā- + manō (“shark”) → ʻaiāmanō (“to eat like a shark”)


huliāmahi

huli + -ā- + mahi. Literally, “to turn like a strong (cock)”

lit

(figuratively) to cooperate, act in unanimity (in great numbers)

(stative, figuratively) strong as the sea


ʻāʻā

Ua ʻāʻā ka leo.


ʻāʻā

From Proto-Oceanic *ka(a)kaa (“kind of parrot”). Compare Tahitian ʻaʻā, Maori kākā.


kuamoʻo

Alternative form of iwi kuamoʻo (“backbone, genealogy”)

clamp used in making and repairing canoes


iwi kuamoʻo

Alternative form: kuamoʻo

holoholona iwi kuamoʻo

paukū iwi o ka iwi kuamoʻo


ʻanuʻu

sprain, strain (by false step); disjointed vertebra

(historical) tower found in a heiau enclosed with tapa cloth; oracle tower

(music) interval between two notes on a musical staff

ʻanuʻu kumu

ʻanuʻu loa
comparative degree
(literally, “long degree”)

ʻanuʻu waena
superlative degree
(literally, “middle degree”)


ʻanuʻu

(music) to go up an interval on a musical staff

(intransitive) to trip, sprain
(figuratively) to jar


-kūmā-

kanakolu (“thirty”) → kanakolukūmākahi (“thirty one”)

Nonproductive numerical infix needed to combine the tens and ones places; roughly meaning plus.


-kumamā-

kanakolu (“thirty”) → kanakolukumamākahi (“thirty one”)

(formal) Nonproductive numerical infix needed to combine the tens and ones places; roughly meaning plus.


loaʻa

From Proto-Polynesian *rauka (compare with Maori roaka (“abundant”) plus Tahitian roaʻa and noaʻa) from Proto-Polynesian *lawa-ka thus doublet of lawa (“enough, sufficient”) with overlap of doublet of loa (“very, excessive”).


ʻahu

From Proto-Oceanic *kafu (“to cover, to put on clothing”) (compare with Maori kahu, Samoan ʻafu, Tongan kafu), from Proto-Oceanic *kaput (“to wrap, to cover”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaput (“to tie or clasp together”).


puʻu

From Proto-Polynesian *puku₁ (compare with Maori puku (“tummy”) and Tahitian puʻu (“button, knob”)), from Proto-Oceanic *buku from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh (compare with Malay buku and Tagalog bukó both “node, knot, joint”). Also doublet of ʻupu via Proto-Polynesian *kupu (“section”) metathesis of Proto-Oceanic *puku from same Proto-Malayo-Polynesian root.

any geological protuberance like hill, mound

any physical protuberance like lump, pimple


ʻupu

From Proto-Polynesian *kupu (“node”) (compare with Maori kupu and Samoan ʻupu), from Proto-Oceanic *puku by metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh (compare with Malay buku and Tagalog bukó both “node, knot, joint”). Senses related to logic evolved from a lost early sense of “word, segments of speech” by metaphorical comparison with culms of bamboo (as is present meaning of Samoan ʻupu and Maori kupu) before broadening.


maneʻo

From Proto-Polynesian *maŋeho (compare with Maori mangeo and Tahitian maʻeo) from Proto-Oceanic *maŋeso. See also Malay gatal for similar semantic connections in sense of arousal.


Kaperenauma

Capernaum (a biblical town in Palestine)


Heberona

Hebron (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Betelehema

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Ieriko

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Kai Make

From kai (“sea”) + make (“die”). Calque of English Dead Sea.

Dead Sea (a lake in the Middle East in Palestine and Jordan, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth)


Palekekine

Palestine (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ʻupena

From Proto-Oceanic *kupeŋa (compare with Tahitian ʻupeʻa, Maori kupenga, Samoan ʻupega).


ʻowau

(onomatopoeia) meow, sound made by a cat


mokulele

Compound of moku (“large ship”) + lele (“to fly”). Compare with Maori wakarere and Malay kapal terbang for similar constructions.


lepo uhi

Compound of lepo (“soil, dirt”) + uhi (“covering”).


hoʻokani

Compound of hoʻo- + kani (“cry”) – compare with Maori whakatangi.


ʻahamele

Compound of ʻaha (“meeting, congregation”) + mele (“song”)

compound

E haawi ana na Haumana i puka mua o Kamehameha i kekahi Ahamele nui ma ka Hale Keaka o na Iapana...

1920 December 16, “He Ahamele Nui”, in Ka Hoku O Hawaii, page 2:

The students who previously graduated from Kamehameha are putting on a great Concert at the Japanese Theater...


pukaball

(countable) The ball used in the sport of pickleball.


kuʻi

From Proto-Polynesian *tuki (compare with Maori tuki, Tongan tuki) from Proto-Austronesian *tuqtuq ultimately onomatopoeic.


ʻaoʻao

From Proto-Polynesian *kao-kao (“rib, flank”) (compare with Tahitian ʻaoʻao, Maori kaokao, Samoan ʻaoʻao and Tongan kaokao).


ʻumiʻumi

From Proto-Polynesian *kumikumi (“beard”) (compare with Maori kumikumi (“beard, moustache, whiskers”), Tongan kumukumu (“chin”)) from Proto-Oceanic *kumi (compare with Fijian kumi (“beard, chin”)) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kumis (compare with Malay kumis (“moustache”)).


hoʻāla

From a contraction of hoʻo- + ala. Compare hoʻoala.

hoʻāla i ke kumuhana

hoʻāla hou
to reformat

(transitive, of a computer disk) to format, initialise


hoʻāla

Ā na lākou nohoʻi kēia hoʻāla iaʻu.


wānana

From Proto-Polynesian *fanaŋa (“story for entertainment, short repetitive chant”) – compare with Rapa Nui vānanga (“language”), Maori wānanga (“knowledge”), Tahitian vānaʻa (“knowledge”) and vanaʻa (“lore, story”). Doublet of wālana.


wānana

to prophesize, to foretell, to foresight