Monaco

de-proper noun

Monaco n (proper noun, genitive Monacos or (optionally with an article) Monaco)

Monacos (genitive)
Monaco (genitive with-article)
Monako (alternative dated)


San Marino

San Marino n (proper noun, genitive San Marinos or (optionally with an article) San Marino)

San Marinos (genitive)
San Marino (genitive with-article)
San Marino (definite nominative singular)
San Marinos (definite genitive singular)
San Marino (definite genitive singular with-article)
San Marino (dative definite singular)
San Marino (accusative definite singular)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Quebec

Quebec n (proper noun, genitive Quebecs or (optionally with an article) Quebec)

Quebecs (genitive)
Quebec (genitive with-article)
Quebec (definite nominative singular)
Quebecs (definite genitive singular)
Quebec (definite genitive singular with-article)
Quebec (dative definite singular)
Quebec (accusative definite singular)
Québec (alternative)
Quebeck (alternative archaic)

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


Montreal

Montreal n (proper noun, genitive Montreals or (optionally with an article) Montreal)

Montreals (genitive)
Montreal (genitive with-article)

Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro n (proper noun, genitive Rio de Janeiros or (optionally with an article) Rio de Janeiro)

Rio de Janeiros (genitive)
Rio de Janeiro (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Portuguese Rio de Janeiro.

a municipality, the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the former capital of Brazil


São Paulo

São Paulo n (proper noun, genitive São Paulos or (optionally with an article) São Paulo)

São Paulos (genitive)
São Paulo (genitive with-article)
Sao Paulo (alternative)


Paraná

Paraná n (proper noun, strong, genitive Paranás)

Borrowed from Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (the provincial capital of Entre Ríos, Argentina)


Sydney

Sydney (the capital city of New South Wales, Australia)


Darwin

Darwin n (proper noun, genitive Darwins or (optionally with an article) Darwin)

Darwins (genitive)
Darwin (genitive with-article)

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

Darwin (the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia)


Ottawa

Ottawa n (proper noun, genitive Ottawas or (optionally with an article) Ottawa)

Ottawas (genitive)
Ottawa (genitive with-article)

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; the capital city of Canada)


Belo Horizonte

Belo Horizonte n (proper noun, genitive Belo Horizontes or (optionally with an article) Belo Horizonte)

Belo Horizontes (genitive)
Belo Horizonte (genitive with-article)


Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur n (proper noun, genitive Kuala Lumpurs or (optionally with an article) Kuala Lumpur)

Kuala Lumpurs (genitive)
Kuala Lumpur (genitive with-article)

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


Rom

Rom n (proper noun, genitive Roms or (optionally with an article) Rom, plural (rare) Rom or Roms)

Roms (genitive)
Rom (genitive with-article)
Rom (plural rare)
Roms (plural)

From Middle High German Rōme, from Old High German Rōma, a relatinisation of Rūma, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu.

Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)


Amsterdam

Amsterdam n (proper noun, genitive Amsterdams or (optionally with an article) Amsterdam)

Amsterdams (genitive)
Amsterdam (genitive with-article)

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; the capital city of the Netherlands)


Paris

Paris n (proper noun, genitive Paris' or (rare) Parisens or (with an article) Paris)

Paris' (genitive)
Parisens (genitive rare)
Paris (genitive)
Pareis (alternative obsolete)

From Middle High German Pārīs, from Old French Paris. The modern form follows non-diphthongising dialects, obviously reinforced by Modern French. The form Pareis still survives dialectally; compare also Luxembourgish Paräis, Dutch Parijs.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


London

London n (proper noun, genitive Londons or (optionally with an article) London)

Londons (genitive)
London (genitive with-article)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


Stockholm

Stockholm n (proper noun, genitive Stockholms or (optionally with an article) Stockholm)

Stockholms (genitive)
Stockholm (genitive with-article)


Madrid

Madrid n (proper noun, genitive Madrids or (optionally with an article) Madrid)

Madrids (genitive)
Madrid (genitive with-article)


Ankara

Ankara n (proper noun, genitive Ankaras or (optionally with an article) Ankara)

Ankaras (genitive)
Ankara (genitive with-article)

Ankara (the capital city of Turkey and the capital of Ankara Province)


Budapest

Budapest n (proper noun, genitive Budapests or (optionally with an article) Budapest)

Budapests (genitive)
Budapest (genitive with-article)


Aachen

Aachen n (proper noun, genitive Aachens or (optionally with an article) Aachen)

Aachens (genitive)
Aachen (genitive with-article)
Aachen (definite nominative singular)
Aachens (definite genitive singular)
Aachen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Aachen (dative definite singular)
Aachen (accusative definite singular)
Achen (alternative obsolete)
Ayghen (alternative obsolete regional)
Aechen (alternative obsolete regional)

From Old High German ahha (“flowing water”). Compare Aix, the French name for the city, from Latin aquis (“waters”).

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi n (proper noun, genitive Abu Dhabis or (optionally with an article) Abu Dhabi)

Abu Dhabis (genitive)
Abu Dhabi (genitive with-article)
Abu Dhabi (definite nominative singular)
Abu Dhabis (definite genitive singular)
Abu Dhabi (definite genitive singular with-article)
Abu Dhabi (dative definite singular)
Abu Dhabi (accusative definite singular)

From Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby), probably in part through English Abu Dhabi, as the transliteration dh for Arabic ظ (ẓ) is not common in German.

der

Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates)


Bangkok

de-proper noun

Bangkok n (proper noun, genitive Bangkoks or (optionally with an article) Bangkok)

Bangkoks (genitive)
Bangkok (genitive with-article)


Barcelona

Barcelona n (proper noun, genitive Barcelonas or (optionally with an article) Barcelona)

Barcelonas (genitive)
Barcelona (genitive with-article)

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Basel

Basel n (proper noun, genitive Basels or (optionally with an article) Basel)

Basels (genitive)
Basel (genitive with-article)

Basel (the capital city of Basel-Stadt canton, Switzerland)


Belfast

Belfast n (proper noun, genitive Belfasts or (optionally with an article) Belfast)

Belfasts (genitive)
Belfast (genitive with-article)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Belfast (the capital city of Northern Ireland)


Berlin

Berlin n (proper noun, genitive Berlins or (optionally with an article) Berlin, plural Berlin)

Berlins (genitive)
Berlin (genitive with-article)
Berlin (plural)
Berl. (alternative abbreviation)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Berlin

→ Vietnamese: Béc-linh

Margraviate of Brandenburg
de:Belitz
de:Berlin

The place is first mentioned by this name in the late 12th century (as Middle Low German Berlyn).
The origin is unknown. Slavic by the suffix -in.
According to (incorrect) folk etymology, the name is derived from the Bär (“bear”) that is the symbol of the city.
In a popular etymology of Germanists, it is derived from a Polabian stem *berl- ~ *birl- (“swamp”), for which lexical item there is no evidence in Polabian nor in any Slavic language. Closest to that would be an unknown simpler relative of *bьrlogъ (“cave”).
Attested vocabulary is Polabian poro (“swamp, bog”). *bělь also meant a “swampy meadow” or “white field”, which fits the location at the märkische Streusandbüchse, the “Margraviate pounce box” notorious for its sandy soil, and is also the noun behind Belitz.

Flächenländer: Baden-Württemberg · Bayern · Brandenburg · Hessen · Niedersachsen · Mecklenburg-Vorpommern · Nordrhein-Westfalen · Rheinland-Pfalz · Saarland · Sachsen · Sachsen-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thüringen

Berlin ist mehr ein Weltteil als eine Stadt.

1800, Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Berlin is more a part of a world than a city.

1910, Karl Scheffler, author of Berlin: Ein Stadtschicksal

Berlin is a city damned forever to become, never to be.

Berlin ist eine Stadt, verdammt dazu, ewig zu werden, niemals zu sein.

Berlin (the capital and largest city and state of Germany)


Dublin

Dublin n (proper noun, genitive Dublins or (optionally with an article) Dublin)

Dublins (genitive)
Dublin (genitive with-article)


Edinburgh

Edinburgh n (proper noun, genitive Edinburghs or (optionally with an article) Edinburgh)

Edinburghs (genitive)
Edinburgh (genitive with-article)

/ˈɛdɪnˌbaɹə/

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Glasgow

Glasgow n (proper noun, genitive Glasgows or (optionally with an article) Glasgow)

Glasgows (genitive)
Glasgow (genitive with-article)

/ˈɡlaːs.ɡɔʊ̯/

Glasgow (a city in Scotland, United Kingdom)


Helsinki

Helsinki n (proper noun, genitive Helsinkis or (optionally with an article) Helsinki)

Helsinkis (genitive)
Helsinki (genitive with-article)

Helsinki ist die nördlichste Hauptstadt auf dem europäischen Kontinent.

Helsinki is the northernmost capital city on the European continent.

Was heißt Sonnenuntergang auf Finnisch? – ? – Helsinki.

What is sunset in Finnish? – ? – Helsinki.

Helsinki (the capital city of Finland; a municipality, the capital of the region of Uusimaa, Finland)


Jerusalem

Jerusalem n (proper noun, genitive Jerusalems or (optionally with an article) Jerusalem)

Jerusalems (genitive)
Jerusalem (genitive with-article)

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Kabul

Kabul n (proper noun, genitive Kabuls or (optionally with an article) Kabul)

Kabuls (genitive)
Kabul (genitive with-article)


Lhasa

Lhasa n (proper noun, genitive Lhasas or (optionally with an article) Lhasa)

Lhasas (genitive)
Lhasa (genitive with-article)

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Liverpool

Liverpool n (proper noun, strong, genitive Liverpools)

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)


Los Angeles

Los Angeles n (proper noun, genitive Los Angeles' or (with an article) Los Angeles)

Los Angeles ' (genitive)
Los Angeles (genitive)

Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


Manila

Manila n (proper noun, genitive Manilas or (optionally with an article) Manila)

Manilas (genitive)
Manila (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Spanish Manila, from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla).

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines; the regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon)


New York

New York n (proper noun, genitive New Yorks or (optionally with an article) New York)

New Yorks (genitive)
New York (genitive with-article)
New York (definite nominative singular)
New Yorks (definite genitive singular)
New York (definite genitive singular with-article)
New York (dative definite singular)
New York (accusative definite singular)
Newyork (alternative archaic)
Neuyork (alternative archaic)

New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey)


Orleans

Orleans n (proper noun, strong, genitive Orleanses)

/ɔʁləˈʔaːns/

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orleans (a city in Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Oslo

Oslo n (proper noun, genitive Oslos or (optionally with an article) Oslo)

Oslos (genitive)
Oslo (genitive with-article)

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


San Francisco

San Francisco n (proper noun, genitive San Franciscos or (optionally with an article) San Francisco)

San Franciscos (genitive)
San Francisco (genitive with-article)
San Franzisko (alternative archaic)

San Francisco (a city in California, United States)


Seoul

Seoul n (proper noun, genitive Seouls or (optionally with an article) Seoul)

Seouls (genitive)
Seoul (genitive with-article)
Söul (alternative rare)
Soul (alternative rare)

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Stuttgart

de-proper noun

Stuttgart n (proper noun, genitive Stuttgarts or (optionally with an article) Stuttgart)

Stuttgarts (genitive)
Stuttgart (genitive with-article)

→ English: Stuttgart

From Old High German stuotgarten (“stud farm”), from stuot (stud) + garten (garden). The city was founded in 950 CE by Duke Liudolf of Swabia to breed warhorses.

inh

Stuttgart (the capital and largest city of Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Hamburg

de-proper noun

Hamburg n (proper noun, genitive Hamburgs or (optionally with an article) Hamburg)

Hamburgs (genitive)
Hamburg (genitive with-article)

From the name of a fortress in the area, Hammaburg, first element of uncertain origin (possibly Old High German Hamme (“bend, angle”)) + -burg (“castle”).

Hamburg (the second-largest city in and simultaneously a state of Germany)


Hanoi

Hanoi n (proper noun, genitive Hanois or (optionally with an article) Hanoi)

Hanois (genitive)
Hanoi (genitive with-article)


Frankfurt

Frankfurt n (proper noun, genitive Frankfurts or (optionally with an article) Frankfurt, plural Frankfurt or Frankfurte or Frankfurts)

Frankfurts (genitive)
Frankfurt (genitive with-article)
Frankfurt (plural)
Frankfurte (plural)
Frankfurts (plural)

Literally, “ford of the Franks”, from Franke and Furt (“ford”).

Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt am Main#English

Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)


Tirana

Tirana n (proper noun, genitive Tiranas or (optionally with an article) Tirana)

Tiranas (genitive)
Tirana (genitive with-article)

Tirana (a municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality)


Tunis

Tunis n (proper noun, genitive Tunis' or (with an article) Tunis)

Tunis' (genitive)
Tunis (genitive)
Tunes (alternative obsolete)

Tunis (the capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Turin

Turin n (proper noun, genitive Turins or (optionally with an article) Turin)

Turins (genitive)
Turin (genitive with-article)

Turin (the capital city of Piedmont, Italy)


Zagreb

Zagreb n (proper noun, genitive Zagrebs or (optionally with an article) Zagreb)

Zagrebs (genitive)
Zagreb (genitive with-article)

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Salzburg

Salzburg n (proper noun, genitive Salzburgs or (optionally with an article) Salzburg)

Salzburgs (genitive)
Salzburg (genitive with-article)

From Salz (“salt”) + Burg (“castle, fort”), from its former importance guarding the salt trade on the Salzach, itself derived from Salz + Aach.


Hannover

Hannover n (proper noun, genitive Hannovers or (optionally with an article) Hannover)

Hannovers (genitive)
Hannover (genitive with-article)

From Middle Low German, from underlying an/up den hôen ôver (“on the high shore/bank”). Note that the area of central Hannover now called Am Hohen Ufer was banked up later and is not the at the origin of the city's name; it may rather have been called thus after the latter.

the capital and largest city of Lower Saxony, Germany


Salerno

Salerno n (proper noun, genitive Salernos or (optionally with an article) Salerno)

Salernos (genitive)
Salerno (genitive with-article)
Salerno (definite nominative singular)
Salernos (definite genitive singular)
Salerno (definite genitive singular with-article)
Salerno (dative definite singular)
Salerno (accusative definite singular)

Salerno (a city and province of Campania, Italy)


Limburg

Limburg n (proper noun, genitive Limburgs or (optionally with an article) Limburg)

Limburgs (genitive)
Limburg (genitive with-article)
Limburg (definite nominative singular)
Limburgs (definite genitive singular)
Limburg (definite genitive singular with-article)
Limburg (dative definite singular)
Limburg (accusative definite singular)

The town in Hesse goes back to Old High German Lintpurc, Lintburk. The first element may be from Proto-Celtic *lindom (“lake”); the second is Burg (“fortification, castle”).

Limbourg (a city and municipality of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium)


Namur

Namur n (proper noun, genitive Namurs or (optionally with an article) Namur)

Namurs (genitive)
Namur (genitive with-article)
Namur (definite nominative singular)
Namurs (definite genitive singular)
Namur (definite genitive singular with-article)
Namur (dative definite singular)
Namur (accusative definite singular)


Sarajevo

Sarajevo n (proper noun, genitive Sarajevos or (optionally with an article) Sarajevo)

Sarajevos (genitive)
Sarajevo (genitive with-article)
Sarajevo (definite nominative singular)
Sarajevos (definite genitive singular)
Sarajevo (definite genitive singular with-article)
Sarajevo (dative definite singular)
Sarajevo (accusative definite singular)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Sofia

Sofia n (proper noun, genitive Sofias or (optionally with an article) Sofia)

Sofias (genitive)
Sofia (genitive with-article)
Sofia (definite nominative singular)
Sofias (definite genitive singular)
Sofia (definite genitive singular with-article)
Sofia (dative definite singular)
Sofia (accusative definite singular)

Borrowed from Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófija).


Turku

Turku n (proper noun, genitive Turkus or (optionally with an article) Turku)

Turkus (genitive)
Turku (genitive with-article)

Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland#English

Turku (a municipality, the capital city of the region of Southwest Finland)


Bremen

Bremen n (proper noun, genitive Bremens or (optionally with an article) Bremen)

Bremens (genitive)
Bremen (genitive with-article)

The place name is from Old Saxon bremo (“edge”), referring to its location on a riverbank, sharing a common Germanic origin with Old Norse barmr (“rim”) (modern English brim).

Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)


Alexandria

Alexandria n (proper noun, genitive Alexandrias or (optionally with an article) Alexandria)

Alexandrias (genitive)
Alexandria (genitive with-article)
Alexandrien (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin Alexandrīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia).


Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki n (proper noun, genitive Thessalonikis or (optionally with an article) Thessaloniki)

Thessalonikis (genitive)
Thessaloniki (genitive with-article)
Saloniki (alternative)
Thessalonich (alternative)
Thessalonike (alternative)
Salonich (alternative)
Salonichi (alternative)
Thessalonichi (alternative)

Central Macedonia
Central Macedonia#English

Thessaloniki (a port city, the capital of Central Macedonia, in northern Greece)


Reykjavik

Reykjavik n (proper noun, genitive Reykjaviks or (optionally with an article) Reykjavik)

Reykjaviks (genitive)
Reykjavik (genitive with-article)
Reykjavík (alternative)


Skopje

Skopje n (proper noun, genitive Skopjes or (optionally with an article) Skopje)

Skopjes (genitive)
Skopje (genitive with-article)

Romanization of Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Vaduz

Vaduz n (proper noun, genitive Vaduz' or (with an article) Vaduz)

Vaduz' (genitive)
Vaduz (genitive)
Vaduz (definite nominative singular)
Vaduz' (definite genitive singular)
Vaduz (definite genitive singular)
Vaduz (dative definite singular)
Vaduz (accusative definite singular)

Attested as Faduzes, Faduzze, Vadutzze, Vaducz, Vadutz and Vaduz over the course of the 12th century.
Via Rhaeto-Romance auadutg from Latin aquaeductus.

Vaduz (a town and municipality, the capital of Liechtenstein)


Valletta

Valletta n (proper noun, genitive Vallettas or (optionally with an article) Valletta)

Vallettas (genitive)
Valletta (genitive with-article)


Groningen

Groningen n (proper noun, genitive Groningens or (optionally with an article) Groningen)

Groningens (genitive)
Groningen (genitive with-article)
Groningen (definite nominative singular)
Groningens (definite genitive singular)
Groningen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Groningen (dative definite singular)
Groningen (accusative definite singular)

/ɡʁˈoːnɪŋən/

Groningen (a city and capital of Groningen, Netherlands)


Utrecht

Utrecht n (proper noun, genitive Utrechts or (optionally with an article) Utrecht)

Utrechts (genitive)
Utrecht (genitive with-article)
Ütrecht (alternative dated)

Utrecht (a city and municipality, the capital of Utrecht province, Netherlands)


Leningrad

Leningrad n (proper noun, genitive Leningrads or (optionally with an article) Leningrad)

Leningrads (genitive)
Leningrad (genitive with-article)

(historical) Leningrad (a major city in Russia), now Saint Petersburg


Bratislava

Bratislava n (proper noun, genitive Bratislavas or (optionally with an article) Bratislava)

Bratislavas (genitive)
Bratislava (genitive with-article)
Bratislava (definite nominative singular)
Bratislavas (definite genitive singular)
Bratislava (definite genitive singular with-article)
Bratislava (dative definite singular)
Bratislava (accusative definite singular)

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


Bern

Bern n (proper noun, genitive Berns or (optionally with an article) Bern)

Berns (genitive)
Bern (genitive with-article)
BE (alternative)

Bern (the capital city of Switzerland; the capital city of Bern canton)


Glarus

Glarus n (proper noun, genitive Glarus' or (with an article) Glarus)

Glarus' (genitive)
Glarus (genitive)
GL (alternative)
Glaris (alternative Alemannic)

Glarus (a town, the capital of Glarus canton, Switzerland)


Schaffhausen

Schaffhausen n (proper noun, genitive Schaffhausens or (optionally with an article) Schaffhausen)

Schaffhausens (genitive)
Schaffhausen (genitive with-article)
SH (alternative)

Schaffhausen (the capital city of Schaffhausen canton, Switzerland)


Schwyz

From Latin Suittes (attested 972), perhaps from the Old High German verb swīdan (“to burn”), referring to a spot cleared by slash-and-burn, from Proto-West Germanic *swīþan; compare Old Norse svíða (“to burn, singe”).
In the High Middle Ages recorded as Swiz or Switz, by the late 15th to early 16th century as Schwitz or Schwytz. The territory of Schwyz (the later canton) is recorded in Middle Latin as vallis de Switz (“valley of Schwyz”) from circa 1300 (Federal Charter).

Schwyz (a town, the capital of Schwyz canton, Switzerland)


Solothurn

Solothurn n (proper noun, genitive Solothurns or (optionally with an article) Solothurn)

Solothurns (genitive)
Solothurn (genitive with-article)
SO (alternative)

Solothurn (the capital city of Solothurn canton, Switzerland)


St. Gallen

St. Gallen n (proper noun, genitive St. Gallens or (optionally with an article) St. Gallen)

St. Gallens (genitive)
St. Gallen (genitive with-article)
SG (alternative)
Sankt Gallen (alternative)

St. Gallen (the capital city of St. Gallen canton, Switzerland)


Zug

Zug n (proper noun, genitive Zugs or (optionally with an article) Zug)

Zugs (genitive)
Zug (genitive with-article)
Zug (definite nominative singular)
Zugs (definite genitive singular)
Zug (definite genitive singular with-article)
Zug (dative definite singular)
Zug (accusative definite singular)
ZG (alternative)

Originally a use of Etymology 1 above, referring to the pulling up of fish with nets.

northern and central Germany; now chiefly colloquial

Zug (the capital city of Zug canton, Switzerland)


Zürich

Zürich n (proper noun, genitive Zürichs or (optionally with an article) Zürich)

Zürichs (genitive)
Zürich (genitive with-article)
Zürich (definite nominative singular)
Zürichs (definite genitive singular)
Zürich (definite genitive singular with-article)
Zürich (dative definite singular)
Zürich (accusative definite singular)

[ˈt͡syː.ʁɪç]

From Old High German Zurih, from Latin Turicum.

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Wien

Wien n (proper noun, genitive Wiens or (optionally with an article) Wien)

Wiens (genitive)
Wien (genitive with-article)

From Middle High German Wiene, Wienne, from Old High German Wienna, Wēnia, probably from a Vulgar Latin *Vedunia, itself from Proto-Celtic *widus (“wood”) or *weidus (“wild”). The Latin name Vindobona is probably not related at all, but at any rate cannot be the immediate source of the Old High German name.

Wien ist die Hauptstadt von Österreich.


Newcastle

Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne#English

Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne (a large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England)

Newcastle (a large city in New South Wales, Australia)

Newcastle (a large city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)


Gibraltar

Gibraltar n (proper noun, genitive Gibraltars or (optionally with an article) Gibraltar)

Gibraltars (genitive)
Gibraltar (genitive with-article)

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Washington

Washington n (proper noun, genitive Washingtons or (optionally with an article) Washington)

Washingtons (genitive)
Washington (genitive with-article)
Washington (definite nominative singular)
Washingtons (definite genitive singular)
Washington (definite genitive singular with-article)
Washington (dative definite singular)
Washington (accusative definite singular)

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Birmingham

Birmingham n (proper noun, genitive Birminghams or (optionally with an article) Birmingham)

Birminghams (genitive)
Birmingham (genitive with-article)

/ˈbœʁmɪŋˌhɛm/

Birmingham (a city in England, United Kingdom)

Birmingham (a city in Alabama, United States)


Manchester

Manchester n (proper noun, genitive Manchesters or (optionally with an article) Manchester)

Manchesters (genitive)
Manchester (genitive with-article)
Manchester (definite nominative singular)
Manchesters (definite genitive singular)
Manchester (definite genitive singular with-article)
Manchester (dative definite singular)
Manchester (accusative definite singular)

The fabric was primarily produced in Manchester.

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

Manchester (a major city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in northwestern England)


Dresden

Dresden n (proper noun, genitive Dresdens or (optionally with an article) Dresden)

Dresdens (genitive)
Dresden (genitive with-article)

From Middle High German Dresden, from a Sorbian source akin to Lower Sorbian Drježdźany, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *dręzga, of which the locative case is *dręzdzě.

Dresden (an independent city, the capital city of Saxony)


Chicago

Chicago n (proper noun, genitive Chicagos or (optionally with an article) Chicago)

Chicagos (genitive)
Chicago (genitive with-article)
Chikago (alternative)

Chicago (a major city in Illinois, United States)


Beirut

Beirut n (proper noun, genitive Beiruts or (optionally with an article) Beirut)

Beiruts (genitive)
Beirut (genitive with-article)


Istanbul

Istanbul n (proper noun, genitive Istanbuls or (optionally with an article) Istanbul)

Istanbuls (genitive)
Istanbul (genitive with-article)
Stambul (alternative archaic)


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires n (proper noun, genitive Buenos Aires' or (with an article) Buenos Aires)

Buenos Aires ' (genitive)
Buenos Aires (genitive)
Buenos Aires (definite nominative singular)
Buenos Aires' (definite genitive singular)
Buenos Aires (definite genitive singular)
Buenos Aires (dative definite singular)
Buenos Aires (accusative definite singular)

/ˌbu̯ɛnɔsˈʔaɪ̯rəs/

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Freiburg

Freiburg n (proper noun, genitive Freiburgs or (optionally with an article) Freiburg)

Freiburgs (genitive)
Freiburg (genitive with-article)
FR (alternative)

/ˈfʁaɪ̯bʊʁk/

From frei (“free”) + Burg (“castle, fortress”).

af

de:Freiburg im Breisgau
de:Freiburg im Üechtland
de:Kanton Freiburg

Freiburg im Üechtland
Freiburg im Üechtland#German

Fribourg (the capital city of Fribourg canton, Switzerland; official name: Freiburg im Üechtland)


Köln

de-proper noun

Köln n (proper noun, genitive Kölns or (optionally with an article) Köln)

Kölns (genitive)
Köln (genitive with-article)
Köln (definite nominative singular)
Kölns (definite genitive singular)
Köln (definite genitive singular with-article)
Köln (dative definite singular)
Köln (accusative definite singular)
Cöln (alternative obsolete)
Coelen (alternative obsolete)
Coellen (alternative obsolete)
Coelne (alternative obsolete)
Cölen (alternative obsolete)
Cöllen (alternative obsolete)
Cölln (alternative obsolete)
Cöllne (alternative obsolete)
Cölne (alternative obsolete)

→ Hungarian: Köln

→ Icelandic: Köln

→ Russian: Кёльн (Kjolʹn)

From Middle High German Cölne, syncope of Cölene, from Old High German [Term?], from Latin Colōnia (Agrippīna) (“Agrippine Colony”), short for Colōnia Claudia Āra Agrippīnēnsium, the official name of the original Roman settlement. A Middle High German byform was Cölen (with early apocope instead of syncope). To this form corresponds Dutch Keulen, while local Ripuarian Kölle can continue either variant. Doublet of Kolonie.

der

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Peking

de-proper noun

Peking n (proper noun, genitive Pekings or (optionally with an article) Peking)

Pekings (genitive)
Peking (genitive with-article)

Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, Dutch Peking, English Peking, French Pékin.

Tatsächlich jedoch dürfte vor allem die Angst vor der chinesischen Regierung überwiegen: Ein Rückzug von VW aus Xinjiang würde für Peking schließlich einen tiefen Gesichtsverlust darstellen.

2023 December 15, Fabian Kretschmer, “Zwangsarbeitsvorwürfe gegen Volkswagen: Zweifel an VW-Bericht zu Uiguren”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz, →ISSN:

Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Bergen

Bergen n (proper noun, genitive Bergens or (optionally with an article) Bergen)

Bergens (genitive)
Bergen (genitive with-article)

Cognate with Dutch berg (“mountain”) [cfr. etymology 2], German Berg (“mountain”), etc.


Bergen

From Norwegian Bergen, from Old Norse Bjǫrgvin (“meadow between the mountains”), cognate with Dutch berg (“mountain”) [cfr. etymology 1], German Berg (“mountain”), etc.

der

Bergen (a port city, municipality, and former county of the county of Vestland, Norway, formerly part of the county of Hordaland)


Essen

de-proper noun

Essen n (proper noun, genitive Essens or (optionally with an article) Essen)

Essens (genitive)
Essen (genitive with-article)

→ English: Essen

→ Latvian: Esene

→ Lithuanian: Esenas

→ Yiddish: עסן (Esn)

Disputed. Found in its earliest form as Astnide, which could refer to a region of ash trees and be related to Esche (see Old High German asc).

Essen (a major industrial city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Faro

Faro n (proper noun, genitive Faros or (optionally with an article) Faro)

Faros (genitive)
Faro (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Portuguese Faro, from Old Galician-Portuguese Faaron.


Gent

Gent n (proper noun, genitive Gents or (optionally with an article) Gent)

Gents (genitive)
Gent (genitive with-article)
Gent (definite nominative singular)
Gents (definite genitive singular)
Gent (definite genitive singular with-article)
Gent (dative definite singular)
Gent (accusative definite singular)


Herne

Herne n (proper noun, genitive Hernes or (optionally with an article) Herne)

Hernes (genitive)
Herne (genitive with-article)
Herne (definite nominative singular)
Hernes (definite genitive singular)
Herne (definite genitive singular with-article)
Herne (dative definite singular)
Herne (accusative definite singular)

From Middle High German Hernen, from Old High German Haranni.

Herne (an independent city in Ruhr Area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Horn

Horn n (proper noun, genitive Horns or (optionally with an article) Horn)

Horns (genitive)
Horn (genitive with-article)

From Middle High German horn, from Old High German horn, from Proto-West Germanic *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-.
Compare Low German Horn, Hoorn, Hurn; Höärn (Altmärkisch); Häörn (Haön) (Münsterländisch), Dutch hoorn, English horn, Danish horn and Swedish horn.

cog

a city in Lippe district, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany


Lima

de-proper noun

Lima n (proper noun, genitive Limas or (optionally with an article) Lima)

Limas (genitive)
Lima (genitive with-article)


Limerick

Limerick n (proper noun, genitive Limericks or (optionally with an article) Limerick)

Limericks (genitive)
Limerick (genitive with-article)

Limerick (a city in County Limerick, Ireland)


Macao

Macau (a city, special administrative region, and peninsula in China, west of Hong Kong)


Mies

Mies n (proper noun, genitive Mies' or (with an article) Mies)


Pisa

Pisa n (proper noun, genitive Pisas or (optionally with an article) Pisa)

Pisas (genitive)
Pisa (genitive with-article)

Pisa (a city and province of Tuscany, Italy)


Rabat

Rabat n (proper noun, genitive Rabats or (optionally with an article) Rabat)

Rabats (genitive)
Rabat (genitive with-article)

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


Riga

Riga n (proper noun, genitive Rigas or (optionally with an article) Riga)

Rigas (genitive)
Riga (genitive with-article)


Tallinn

Tallinn n (proper noun, genitive Tallinns or (optionally with an article) Tallinn)

Tallinns (genitive)
Tallinn (genitive with-article)


Thorn

Thorn n (proper noun, genitive Thorns or (optionally with an article) Thorn)

Thorns (genitive)
Thorn (genitive with-article)

From Middle High German Thorun, from Latin Thorun (see also Thorunenses) (1251).


Vilnius

Vilnius n (proper noun, genitive Vilnius' or (with an article) Vilnius)


Yokohama

Yokohama n (proper noun, strong, genitive Yokohamas)

Yokohamas (genitive)
Jokohama (alternative)

Yokohama (the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


Hongkong

Hongkong n (proper noun, genitive Hongkongs or (optionally with an article) Hongkong)

Hongkongs (genitive)
Hongkong (genitive with-article)

Hong Kong (a city, island and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Medina

Medina n (proper noun, strong, genitive Medinas)

Medina (the capital city of the Medina region, Saudi Arabia, holy to Islam)


Bagdad

Bagdad n (proper noun, genitive Bagdads or (optionally with an article) Bagdad)

Bagdads (genitive)
Bagdad (genitive with-article)


Halle

Halle n (proper noun, genitive Halles or (optionally with an article) Halle)

Halles (genitive)
Halle (genitive with-article)

Attested in early manuscripts as Halla. Of unclear origin, traditionally linked to the river Saale, whose name ultimately derives from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Alternatively, from Proto-West Germanic *hallu (“building supported by columns”).

der

Halle (an independent city in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)

a city and municipality of the district of Halle-Vilvoorde, province of Flemish Brabant, Belgium


Kairo

de-proper noun

Kairo n (proper noun, genitive Kairos or (optionally with an article) Kairo)

Kairos (genitive)
Kairo (genitive with-article)
Alkeier (alternative)

From Italian Il Cairo, from Arabic القاهِرة (al-qāhira).


Teheran

Teheran n (proper noun, genitive Teherans or (optionally with an article) Teheran)

Teherans (genitive)
Teheran (genitive with-article)


Bogotá

Bogotá n (proper noun, genitive Bogotás or (optionally with an article) Bogotá)

Bogotás (genitive)
Bogotá (genitive with-article)

Bogota, Bogotá (the capital city of Colombia)


Maskat

Maskat n (proper noun, genitive Maskats or (optionally with an article) Maskat)

Maskats (genitive)
Maskat (genitive with-article)


Ljubljana

Ljubljana n (proper noun, genitive Ljubljanas or (optionally with an article) Ljubljana)

Ljubljanas (genitive)
Ljubljana (genitive with-article)

(chiefly Germany, Switzerland) Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


Hiroshima

Hiroshima n (proper noun, genitive Hiroshimas or (optionally with an article) Hiroshima)

Hiroshimas (genitive)
Hiroshima (genitive with-article)
Hiroschima (alternative)

Hiroshima (the capital city of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan; the target of the first atomic bomb dropped in warfare on August 6, 1945)


Luxemburg

Luxemburg n (proper noun, genitive Luxemburgs or (optionally with an article) Luxemburg)

Luxemburgs (genitive)
Luxemburg (genitive with-article)

→ Japanese: ルクセンブルク (Rukusenburuku)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)


Tokio

Tokio n (proper noun, genitive Tokios or (optionally with an article) Tokio)

Tokios (genitive)
Tokio (genitive with-article)
Tokyo (alternative)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital and largest city of Japan)


Singapur

Singapur n (proper noun, genitive Singapurs or (optionally with an article) Singapur)

Singapurs (genitive)
Singapur (genitive with-article)

[ˈzɪŋɡapuːɐ̯]

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


Mainz

Mainz n (proper noun, strong, genitive Mainz' or (rare) Mainzens or (with an article) Mainz)

Mainz' (genitive)
Mainzens (genitive rare)
Mainz (genitive)
Mainz (definite nominative singular)
Mainz' (definite genitive singular)
Mainz (definite genitive singular)
Mainz (dative definite singular)
Mainz (accusative definite singular)
Meintz (alternative obsolete)
Mäintz (alternative obsolete)
Maintz (alternative obsolete)

From Middle High German Meinze, from earlier Megenze, from Old High German Meginza, Maginza, from Latin Mogontiacum, from a Celtic language.

Mainz (a city, the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Tromsø

Tromsø n (proper noun, genitive Tromsøs or (optionally with an article) Tromsø)

Tromsøs (genitive)
Tromsø (genitive with-article)
Tromsø (definite nominative singular)
Tromsøs (definite genitive singular)
Tromsø (definite genitive singular with-article)
Tromsø (dative definite singular)
Tromsø (accusative definite singular)

Troms og Finnmark
Troms og Finnmark#English

Tromsø (a city and municipality of Troms og Finnmark, Norway)


Gaza

Gaza n (proper noun, genitive Gazas or (optionally with an article) Gaza)

Gazas (genitive)
Gaza (genitive with-article)

From Latin Gaza. The now standard pronunciation with /z/ was influenced by English Gaza, perhaps also directly by Arabic غَزّة (ḡazza).


Moskau

Moskau n (proper noun, genitive Moskaus or (optionally with an article) Moskau)

Moskaus (genitive)
Moskau (genitive with-article)

Ultimately from Old East Slavic Москов- (Moskov-), originally referring to the Moskva River, probably from Proto-Slavic *mosky of unknown origin.

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Jena

Jena n (proper noun, genitive Jenas or (optionally with an article) Jena)

Jenas (genitive)
Jena (genitive with-article)
Jena (definite nominative singular)
Jenas (definite genitive singular)
Jena (definite genitive singular with-article)
Jena (dative definite singular)
Jena (accusative definite singular)

Unclear; see w:de:Jena § Herkunft des Stadtnamens for various hypotheses.

Jena (an independent city in Thuringia, Germany)


Kopenhagen

Kopenhagen n (proper noun, genitive Kopenhagens or (optionally with an article) Kopenhagen)

Kopenhagens (genitive)
Kopenhagen (genitive with-article)
Kopenhagen (definite nominative singular)
Kopenhagens (definite genitive singular)
Kopenhagen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Kopenhagen (dative definite singular)
Kopenhagen (accusative definite singular)
Copenhagen (alternative archaic obsolete)

From Middle Low German Kôpenhāgen, older Kôpenhāven, Kôpmanhāven, from Old Danish Køp(m)enhafn, Køpmannæhafn. The full form of the name translates to “merchants’ harbour” in both Low German and Danish. More contracted forms appear in both languages alongside, so there is no need to see the development as folk etymology (“buying harbour”, although it may have been interpreted thus by Low German speakers at a later stage).

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Antwerpen

Antwerpen n (proper noun, genitive Antwerpens or (optionally with an article) Antwerpen)

Antwerpens (genitive)
Antwerpen (genitive with-article)
Antwerpen (definite nominative singular)
Antwerpens (definite genitive singular)
Antwerpen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Antwerpen (dative definite singular)
Antwerpen (accusative definite singular)

Antwerp (a large city and municipality, the capital of the province of Antwerp, Belgium; the second-largest city in Belgium)


Montréal

Montréal n (proper noun, genitive Montréals or (optionally with an article) Montréal)

Montréals (genitive)
Montréal (genitive with-article)

Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


Triest

Triest n (proper noun, genitive Triests or (optionally with an article) Triest)

Triests (genitive)
Triest (genitive with-article)

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia#English

Trieste (the capital city of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia autonomous region, Italy)


Mailand

Mailand n (proper noun, genitive Mailands or (optionally with an article) Mailand)

Mailands (genitive)
Mailand (genitive with-article)
Mayland (alternative obsolete)

From Middle High German Meilān and Old High German Meilān, from a Vulgar Latin *Meiolano, from Latin Mediolanum. The last syllable was later adapted to the word Land.

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)


Hamm

Hamm n (proper noun, genitive Hamms or (optionally with an article) Hamm)

Hamms (genitive)
Hamm (genitive with-article)

From Middle Low German ham, hamm (“land enclosed by a river”); cognate with Old English hamm (“enclosure”).

Hamm (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Prag

Prag n (proper noun, genitive Prags or (optionally with an article) Prag)

Prags (genitive)
Prag (genitive with-article)

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Den Haag

Den Haag n (proper noun, genitive Den Haags or (optionally with an article) Den Haag)

Den Haags (genitive)
Den Haag (genitive with-article)

From Middle Dutch die haghe (“the enclosure”).

der

The Hague (a city, the capital of South Holland, Netherlands; the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Minsk

de-proper noun

Minsk n (proper noun, strong, genitive (mostly avoided) Minsks or (with an article) Minsk)


Saigon

Saigon n (proper noun, genitive Saigons or (optionally with an article) Saigon)

Saigons (genitive)
Saigon (genitive with-article)

(historical or informal) Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)


Bandar Seri Begawan

Bandar Seri Begawan n (proper noun, genitive Bandar Seri Begawans or (optionally with an article) Bandar Seri Begawan)

Bandar Seri Begawans (genitive)
Bandar Seri Begawan (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Malay Bandar Seri Begawan.

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


Amman

Amman n (proper noun, genitive Ammans or (optionally with an article) Amman)

Ammans (genitive)
Amman (genitive with-article)


Port-au-Prince

Port-au-Prince n (proper noun, genitive Port-au-Prince' or (optionally with an article) Port-au-Prince)

Port-au-Prince' (genitive)
Port-au-Prince (genitive with-article)

/ˌpɔʁtoˈpʁɛ̃s/

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


Andorra la Vella

Andorra la Vella n (proper noun, genitive Andorra la Vellas or (optionally with an article) Andorra la Vella)

Andorra la Vellas (genitive)
Andorra la Vella (genitive with-article)

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Luanda

Luanda n (proper noun, genitive Luandas or (optionally with an article) Luanda)

Luandas (genitive)
Luanda (genitive with-article)


Brasília

Brasília n (proper noun, genitive Brasílias or (optionally with an article) Brasília)

Brasílias (genitive)
Brasília (genitive with-article)

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; the capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Göteborg

Göteborg n (proper noun, genitive Göteborgs or (optionally with an article) Göteborg)

Göteborgs (genitive)
Göteborg (genitive with-article)
Göteborg (definite nominative singular)
Göteborgs (definite genitive singular)
Göteborg (definite genitive singular with-article)
Göteborg (dative definite singular)
Göteborg (accusative definite singular)
Gotenburg (alternative archaic)
Gothenburg (alternative archaic)

/ˈɡøːtəˌbɔrk/


Bethlehem

Bethlehem n (proper noun, genitive Bethlehems or (optionally with an article) Bethlehem)

Bethlehems (genitive)
Bethlehem (genitive with-article)
Betlehem (alternative)


Kiel

Kiel n (proper noun, genitive Kiels or (optionally with an article) Kiel)

Kiels (genitive)
Kiel (genitive with-article)

Named after Kiel Fjord of the Baltic Sea, from Old Norse kill (“gulf, bay”), ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *kīnaną (“to crack, split”).

der

Kiel (an independent city in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)


Lage

de-proper noun

Lage n (proper noun, genitive Lages or (optionally with an article) Lage)

Lages (genitive)
Lage (genitive with-article)

Referring to its lower and possibly slope position in comparison to nearby hills.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

a city in Lippe district, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany


Marseille

Marseille n (proper noun, genitive Marseilles or (optionally with an article) Marseille)

Marseilles (genitive)
Marseille (genitive with-article)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Leipzig

Leipzig n (proper noun, genitive Leipzigs or (optionally with an article) Leipzig)

Leipzigs (genitive)
Leipzig (genitive with-article)

English: Leipzig

Portuguese: Leipzig

From a Slavic name like Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian Lipsk (literally “place of linden trees”); compare Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian lipa, from Proto-Slavic *lìpa, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *léiˀpāˀ. Early spellings of the name in Latin include Libzi, Lipzk and the standard Lipsia.

cog

Wahrhaftig, du hast Recht! Mein Leipzig lob’ ich mir! / Es ist ein klein Paris, und bildet seine Leute.

1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Auerbachs Keller in Leipzig”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]:


Dortmund

de-proper noun

Dortmund n (proper noun, genitive Dortmunds or (optionally with an article) Dortmund)

Dortmunds (genitive)
Dortmund (genitive with-article)

From Middle Low German Dortmunde, from Old Saxon Throtmenni. Further origin uncertain. The first component may be Proto-Germanic *þrutō (“throat”).

Dortmund (a major independent city in Ruhr Area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad n (proper noun, genitive Kaliningrads or (optionally with an article) Kaliningrad)

Kaliningrads (genitive)
Kaliningrad (genitive with-article)
Kaliningrad (definite nominative singular)
Kaliningrads (definite genitive singular)
Kaliningrad (definite genitive singular with-article)
Kaliningrad (dative definite singular)
Kaliningrad (accusative definite singular)

Borrowed from Russian Калинингра́д (Kaliningrád).

bor+

Калинингра́д

a city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia; formerly located in East Prussia and called Königsberg


Großkirchen

de-proper noun

Großkirchen n (proper noun, genitive Großkirchens or (optionally with an article) Großkirchen)

Großkirchens (genitive)
Großkirchen (genitive with-article)
Großkirchen (definite nominative singular)
Großkirchens (definite genitive singular)
Großkirchen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Großkirchen (dative definite singular)
Großkirchen (accusative definite singular)
Grosskirchen (alternative Switzerland)


Houston

Houston n (proper noun, genitive Houstons or (optionally with an article) Houston)

Houstons (genitive)
Houston (genitive with-article)

Houston (a city in Texas, United States)


Athen

Athen n (proper noun, genitive Athens or (optionally with an article) Athen)

Athens (genitive)
Athen (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι pl (Athênai).


Malmö

de-proper noun

Malmö n (proper noun, genitive Malmös or (optionally with an article) Malmö)

Malmös (genitive)
Malmö (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Swedish Malmö, from Middle Danish Malmoghe or Malmhauge (literally “Ore Hill”), a compound equivalent to present-day malm (“ore”) + høj (“hill”); both elements are of Old Norse, earlier Proto-Germanic, and ultimately Proto-Indo-European origin.


Bonn

Bonn n (proper noun, genitive Bonns or (optionally with an article) Bonn)

Bonns (genitive)
Bonn (genitive with-article)

From Middle High German Bonne, Bunne, from Old High German Bunna, from Proto-West Germanic *Bunnā, from Latin Bonna, short for Castra Bonnensia. The Germanic form shows its very old age in the replacement of -o- with -u-, which then also failed to undergo a-mutation because of the following nasal geminate. The modern German -o- is per se a regular development (cf. Sonne, Wonne), but was likely reinforced by readaptation to the Latin.
One theory relates it to the tribe Eburones. Folk etymology has proposed origin from dedication to Saint Boniface, but this is a crass anachronism. During the Middle Ages, Bonn was often called Verona in Latin texts.

Bonn (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the Rhine River; the former capital of West Germany and (until 1999) seat of government of unified Germany)


Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf n (proper noun, genitive Düsseldorfs or (optionally with an article) Düsseldorf)

Düsseldorfs (genitive)
Düsseldorf (genitive with-article)

1135, from Rhenish dialect Dusseldorp, from the river Düssel (from Proto-Germanic *þusila-, from Proto-Germanic *þausōną (“to surge, roar, flow”)) + Dorf (“village”). The first element is related to *þusjaną, the root of tosen (“to roar, rage”), Icelandic þysja (“to rush”), Old English þys (“tempest, storm”), Old Norse þyssa (“uproar, tumult”).

der

Düsseldorf (an independent city, the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Lübeck

de-proper noun

Lübeck n (proper noun, genitive Lübecks or (optionally with an article) Lübeck)

Lübecks (genitive)
Lübeck (genitive with-article)
Lübeck (definite nominative singular)
Lübecks (definite genitive singular)
Lübeck (definite genitive singular with-article)
Lübeck (dative definite singular)
Lübeck (accusative definite singular)

From Middle Low German Lǖbēke, from Polabian Liubice (literally “lovely”) (compare Slovak Ľubica (personal name)), from Proto-Slavic *ľubь (“love”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”). The latter part of the name was altered after the common Low German placename suffix + -beck, from Middle Low German bēke (“brook”), from Proto-Germanic *bakiz, whence also German Bach.

Lübeck (an independent city in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)


Rostock

Rostock n (proper noun, genitive Rostocks or (optionally with an article) Rostock)

Rostocks (genitive)
Rostock (genitive with-article)

From Middle Low German Rozstoc, from West Slavic (probably Polabian), from Proto-Slavic *orz-tokъ (“river fork”) (compare Czech roztok).

Rostock (an independent city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany)


Ulm

Ulm n (proper noun, strong, genitive Ulms)

Ulm (an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, on the River Danube, also serving as administrative seat of Alb-Donau-Kreis district, which does not however include the city)


Lausanne

Lausanne n (proper noun, genitive Lausannes or (optionally with an article) Lausanne)

Lausannes (genitive)
Lausanne (genitive with-article)

Lausanne (a municipality and city, the capital of Vaud canton, in western Switzerland, in which French is the main language)


Magdeburg

Magdeburg n (proper noun, genitive Magdeburgs or (optionally with an article) Magdeburg)

Magdeburgs (genitive)
Magdeburg (genitive with-article)
Magdeburg (nominative singular)
Magdeburgs (genitive singular)
Magdeburg (genitive singular)
Magdeburg (dative singular)
Magdeburg (accusative singular)

From Middle Low German Māgedeborch, Mēgedeborch. Since the Middle Ages interpreted as “maiden-borough”, sometimes specifically related to the Virgin Mary. However, the first component may originally have been the plant name “mayweed”, compare Middle Low German mēgede(blōme) and Old English mæġþe.

Magdeburg (the capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)


Grenoble

Grenoble n (proper noun, genitive Grenobles or (optionally with an article) Grenoble)

Grenobles (genitive)
Grenoble (genitive with-article)

Grenoble (a city, the prefecture of the department of Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Sevilla

Sevilla n (proper noun, genitive Sevillas or (optionally with an article) Sevilla)

Sevillas (genitive)
Sevilla (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Spanish Sevilla, from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

der

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Erfurt

de-proper noun

Erfurt n (proper noun, genitive Erfurts or (optionally with an article) Erfurt)

Erfurts (genitive)
Erfurt (genitive with-article)
Erfurt (definite nominative singular)
Erfurts (definite genitive singular)
Erfurt (definite genitive singular with-article)
Erfurt (dative definite singular)
Erfurt (accusative definite singular)

Erfurt (the capital and largest city of Thuringia, Germany)


Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden n (proper noun, genitive Wiesbadens or (optionally with an article) Wiesbaden)

Wiesbadens (genitive)
Wiesbaden (genitive with-article)

Wiesbaden (the capital city of the state of Hesse, Germany)


Québec

Québec n (proper noun, genitive Québecs or (optionally with an article) Québec)

Québecs (genitive)
Québec (genitive with-article)
Quebec (alternative)
Quebeck (alternative archaic)

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


Minneapolis

de-prop

Minneapolis n (proper noun, genitive Minneapolis' or (with an article) Minneapolis)

Minneapolis' (genitive)
Minneapolis (genitive)

Minneapolis (a city in Minnesota, United States)


Bamako

de-proper noun

Bamako n (proper noun, genitive Bamakos or (optionally with an article) Bamako)

Bamakos (genitive)
Bamako (genitive with-article)


Jericho

Jericho n (proper noun, genitive Jerichos or (optionally with an article) Jericho)

Jerichos (genitive)
Jericho (genitive with-article)

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Metz

Metz n (proper noun, genitive Metz' or (with an article) Metz)

Metz' (genitive)
Metz (genitive)
Metz (definite nominative singular)
Metz' (definite genitive singular)
Metz (definite genitive singular)
Metz (dative definite singular)
Metz (accusative definite singular)

Metz (the capital city of Moselle department, France)


Uppsala

Uppsala n (proper noun, strong, genitive Uppsalas)

Uppsalas (genitive)
Uppsala (definite nominative singular)
Uppsalas (definite genitive singular)
Uppsala (definite genitive singular with-article)
Uppsala (dative definite singular)
Uppsala (accusative definite singular)

Borrowed from Swedish Uppsala, from Old Norse Uppsalir (literally “upper halls, upper dwellings”), from upp (“up”) + salir (“halls, rooms”, plural of salr).

com

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">salr</i>

Uppsala (a city in eastern central Sweden)


Graz

de-proper noun

Graz n (proper noun, strong, genitive Graz' or Grazens or (with an article) Graz)

Graz' (genitive)
Grazens (genitive)
Graz (genitive)
Graz (definite nominative singular)
Graz' (definite genitive singular)
Graz (definite genitive singular)
Graz (dative definite singular)
Graz (accusative definite singular)
Gratz (alternative obsolete)

From Middle High German Graz, from Proto-Slavic *gordьcь (“small castle”), a derivation from *gordъ (“fortification”). Compare Königgrätz (Czech Hradec Králové).

Graz (a city, the state capital of Styria, Austria)


Innsbruck

Innsbruck n (proper noun, genitive Innsbrucks or (optionally with an article) Innsbruck)

Innsbrucks (genitive)
Innsbruck (genitive with-article)
Innsbruck (definite nominative singular)
Innsbrucks (definite genitive singular)
Innsbruck (definite genitive singular with-article)
Innsbruck (dative definite singular)
Innsbruck (accusative definite singular)


Genua

Genua n (proper noun, genitive Genuas or (optionally with an article) Genua)

Genuas (genitive)
Genua (genitive with-article)

Ultimately from Latin Genua, perhaps directly.

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)


Leeuwarden

Leeuwarden n (proper noun, genitive Leeuwardens or (optionally with an article) Leeuwarden)

Leeuwardens (genitive)
Leeuwarden (genitive with-article)

Leeuwarden (a city, municipality, and capital of Friesland, Netherlands)


Brüssel

Brüssel n (proper noun, genitive Brüssels or (optionally with an article) Brüssel)

Brüssels (genitive)
Brüssel (genitive with-article)
Brüssel (definite nominative singular)
Brüssels (definite genitive singular)
Brüssel (definite genitive singular with-article)
Brüssel (dative definite singular)
Brüssel (accusative definite singular)

From older Brüßel, Brüessel, Brüchsel, from Middle Dutch, likely influenced also by modern Dutch Brussel. Doublet of Bruchsal (town near Karlsruhe).


Lissabon

Lissabon n (proper noun, genitive Lissabons or (optionally with an article) Lissabon)

Lissabons (genitive)
Lissabon (genitive with-article)

Ultimately from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna), from Latin Olisipo, further etymology uncertain.


Vatikan

der Vatikan m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Vatikans)

der Vatikan (canonical masculine)
des Vatikans (definite genitive)

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Bukarest

Bukarest n (proper noun, genitive Bukarests or (optionally with an article) Bukarest)

Bukarests (genitive)
Bukarest (genitive with-article)


Belgrad

Belgrad n (proper noun, genitive Belgrads or (optionally with an article) Belgrad)

Belgrads (genitive)
Belgrad (genitive with-article)
Belgrad (definite nominative singular)
Belgrads (definite genitive singular)
Belgrad (definite genitive singular with-article)
Belgrad (dative definite singular)
Belgrad (accusative definite singular)

/ˈbɛlˌɡʁaːt/


Tartu

Tartu n (proper noun, genitive Tartus or (optionally with an article) Tartu)

Tartus (genitive)
Tartu (genitive with-article)

Tartu (the second-largest city in Estonia)


Weimar

Weimar n (proper noun, genitive Weimars or (optionally with an article) Weimar)

Weimars (genitive)
Weimar (genitive with-article)
Weimar (definite nominative singular)
Weimars (definite genitive singular)
Weimar (definite genitive singular with-article)
Weimar (dative definite singular)
Weimar (accusative definite singular)

From Old High German wīh (“holy”) + meri (“sea, lake”).

Weimar (an independent city in Thuringia, Germany)


Nizza

Nizza n (proper noun, genitive Nizzas or (optionally with an article) Nizza)

Nizzas (genitive)
Nizza (genitive with-article)
Nizza (definite nominative singular)
Nizzas (definite genitive singular)
Nizza (definite genitive singular with-article)
Nizza (dative definite singular)
Nizza (accusative definite singular)

Borrowed from Italian, from Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia), from νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”).

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Reims

Reims n (proper noun, genitive Reims' or (with an article) Reims)


Riad

Riad n (proper noun, genitive Riads or (optionally with an article) Riad)

Riads (genitive)
Riad (genitive with-article)

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


Havanna

Havanna n (proper noun, genitive Havannas or (optionally with an article) Havanna)

Havannas (genitive)
Havanna (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Spanish La Habana, from Taíno Habaguanex, the native American chief (Cacique) who controlled the area.


Warschau

Warschau n (proper noun, genitive Warschaus or (optionally with an article) Warschau)

Warschaus (genitive)
Warschau (genitive with-article)

→ Dutch: Warschau
→ Afrikaans: Warschau

→ Icelandic: Varsjá

→ Luxembourgish: Warschau

From Middle High German Warschow(e), from Old Polish Warszewa.


Krakau

Krakau n (proper noun, genitive Krakaus or (optionally with an article) Krakau)

Krakaus (genitive)
Krakau (genitive with-article)

→ Dutch: Krakau

→ Icelandic: Kraká

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Krakow (a city on the Vistula River, the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland and the former capital (until 1596) of Poland as a whole)


München

München n (proper noun, genitive Münchens or (optionally with an article) München)

Münchens (genitive)
München (genitive with-article)

From Middle High German Münichen (spelled Munichen initially), from münichen, dative plural of Middle High German münich (“monk”) (also spelled munich), from munichum, munichun, dative plural of Old High German munih (“monk”) (see Mönch).

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Nürnberg

Nürnberg n (proper noun, genitive Nürnbergs or (optionally with an article) Nürnberg)

Nürnbergs (genitive)
Nürnberg (genitive with-article)
Nürnberg (definite nominative singular)
Nürnbergs (definite genitive singular)
Nürnberg (definite genitive singular with-article)
Nürnberg (dative definite singular)
Nürnberg (accusative definite singular)

/ˈnʏɐ̯nbɛɐ̯k/

From Old High German Norenberg, Nŏrenberc, Nuorenberc. The second element of the compound is Berg (“mountain”); the meaning of the first element is unknown.

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


Bochum

Bochum n (proper noun, strong, genitive Bochums)

From Middle Low German bôchêm, bôkhêm, equivalent to bôke, bö̂ke (“beech”) + hêm (“home”). Doublet of Buchheim. The suffix was reduced to [əm] (see -em) and then backed under influence of the preceding velar. The [x] may go back to spelling pronunciation or influence by a Central German dialect. It could also be a native development [kh] → [x] as in Dutch lichaam, but the popular form in Westphalian Low German is Baukem.

Bochum (an independent city in Ruhrgebiet, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Leverkusen

Leverkusen n (proper noun, genitive Leverkusens or (optionally with an article) Leverkusen)

Leverkusens (genitive)
Leverkusen (genitive with-article)

Named after the hamlet Leverkusen near Remscheid, the family estate of chemical industrialist Carl Leverkus (1804–1889), whose factory caused the development of the city, which lies some 25 km to the south-west. The name of the hamlet goes back to older Laverinckhusen and is thus a doublet of Leveringhausen (name of three places in Westphalia).

Leverkusen (an independent city in Rhineland and Bergisches Land, North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany)

Carl Leverkus
Leverkusen
Remscheid
de:Leverkusen


Solingen

Solingen n (proper noun, genitive Solingens or (optionally with an article) Solingen)

Solingens (genitive)
Solingen (genitive with-article)
Solingen (definite nominative singular)
Solingens (definite genitive singular)
Solingen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Solingen (dative definite singular)
Solingen (accusative definite singular)

Einige wollen behaupten, dasz die Urväter der jetzigen Fabrikanten aus Steyermark ins Herzogthum Berg gezogen, andere behaupten, dasz dieselben aus dem Elsasz dorthin gekommen seyen, woselbst ein Dorf befindlich ist, welches Sellingen [sic] heiszt, und wovon der Name Solingen seinen Ursprung habe.

1808, Vollständige Beschreibung der Schwert-, Messer- und übrigen Stahl-Fabriken zu Solingen, im Herzogthum Berg, page 13:

Some people want to claim that the ancestors of the present manufacturers moved from Styria to the Duchy of Berg, others claim that the same came there from Alsace, where a village is located, which is called Sellingen [sic] and of which the name Solingen had its origin.

Solingen (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Wuppertal

Wuppertal n (proper noun, genitive Wuppertals or (optionally with an article) Wuppertal)

Wuppertals (genitive)
Wuppertal (genitive with-article)
Wuppertal (definite nominative singular)
Wuppertals (definite genitive singular)
Wuppertal (definite genitive singular with-article)
Wuppertal (dative definite singular)
Wuppertal (accusative definite singular)

Wuppertal (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Wermelskirchen

Wermelskirchen n (proper noun, genitive Wermelskirchens or (optionally with an article) Wermelskirchen)

Wermelskirchens (genitive)
Wermelskirchen (genitive with-article)
Wermelskirchen (definite nominative singular)
Wermelskirchens (definite genitive singular)
Wermelskirchen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Wermelskirchen (dative definite singular)
Wermelskirchen (accusative definite singular)

[ˈvɛʁml̩sˌkɪʁçn̩]

From Middle Low German Werenboldeskirken (around the year 1150).

Wermelskirchen (a city in western Germany)


Ingolstadt

Ingolstadt n (proper noun, genitive Ingolstadts or (optionally with an article) Ingolstadt)

Ingolstadts (genitive)
Ingolstadt (genitive with-article)

/ ˈɪŋɡɔlˌʃtat/

From Old High German Ingoldesstat (literally “Ingold’s city”).

der

Ingolstadt (an independent city on the River Danube in Upper Bavaria region, Bavaria, in southern Germany)


Regensburg

de-proper noun

Regensburg n (proper noun, genitive Regensburgs or (optionally with an article) Regensburg)

Regensburgs (genitive)
Regensburg (genitive with-article)

[ˈʁeːɡn̩sˌbʊʁk]

The first element was first attested as Regino and Reginum in the 3rd and 4th century. A Castra Regina was mentioned around 400.
The Latin term is derived from Regana, the name of the river Regen which empties into the Danube at Regensburg. The second element corresponds to Burg. The New Latin form Reginopolis was created by Renaissance Humanists.

Upper Palatinate
Upper Palatinate#English

Regensburg, Ratisbon (an independent city, the administrative seat of the Upper Palatinate region, Bavaria, Upper Palatinate region, Germany)


Dubai

Dubai n (proper noun, genitive Dubais or (optionally with an article) Dubai)

Dubais (genitive)
Dubai (genitive with-article)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Dubai (a city in the United Arab Emirates; the capital of Dubai emirate)


Wolfsburg

Wolfsburg n (proper noun, genitive Wolfsburgs or (optionally with an article) Wolfsburg)

Wolfsburgs (genitive)
Wolfsburg (genitive with-article)

From Middle Low German Wolvesborch. By surface analysis, Wolf (“wolf”) + -s- + Burg (“castle”). The name originally referred exclusively to Wolfsburg Castle. The city was only founded in 1938 under the name Stadt des KdF-Wagens (after the prototype of the later VW Beetle). In 1945, the Allies renamed the city after the castle.

surface analysis

Wolfsburg (an independent city in Lower Saxony, in northern Germany)

VW Beetle
Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg Castle
de:KdF-Wagen
de:Wolfsburg


Bottrop

de-proper noun

Bottrop n (proper noun, genitive Bottrops or (optionally with an article) Bottrop)

Bottrops (genitive)
Bottrop (genitive with-article)

Bottrop (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Rheine

Rheine n (proper noun, genitive Rheines or (optionally with an article) Rheine)

Rheines (genitive)
Rheine (genitive with-article)


Westerland

Westerland n (proper noun, genitive Westerlands or (optionally with an article) Westerland)

Westerlands (genitive)
Westerland (genitive with-article)


Braunschweig

Braunschweig n (proper noun, genitive Braunschweigs or (optionally with an article) Braunschweig)

Braunschweigs (genitive)
Braunschweig (genitive with-article)

/ˈbʁaʊ̯nˌʃvaɪ̯k/

/ˈbʁaʊ̯nˌʃvaɪ̯ç/

From Middle Low German Brûnswîke, from brûn (“brown”) + wîk (“town”). The modern form is an improper adaptation to High German; the phonetically correct form Braunsweich (cf. Weichbild) is attested in Early Modern German.

Braunschweig, Brunswick (an independent city in Lower Saxony, Germany)


Danzig

Danzig n (proper noun, genitive Danzigs or (optionally with an article) Danzig)

Danzigs (genitive)
Danzig (genitive with-article)
Dantzig (alternative)

Cp. Danzke (at least 15th century), Dantzke (at least 16th century). Ultimately of Slavic origin. Cognate to Polish Gdańsk. For the -zig suffix, compare Leipzig (< Lipsk).

Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Gdańsk (the capital city of Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Kiew

Kiew n (proper noun, genitive Kiews or (optionally with an article) Kiew)

Kiews (genitive)
Kiew (genitive with-article)
Kyjiw (alternative)
Kijew (alternative)


Hermannstadt

Hermannstadt n (proper noun, genitive Hermannstadts or (optionally with an article) Hermannstadt)

Hermannstadts (genitive)
Hermannstadt (genitive with-article)

Sibiu (the capital city of Sibiu County in Transylvania, Romania)


Genf

Genf n (proper noun, genitive Genfs or (optionally with an article) Genf)

Genfs (genitive)
Genf (genitive with-article)
GE (alternative)

Geneva (the capital city of Genf canton, Switzerland)


Augsburg

Augsburg n (proper noun, genitive Augsburgs or (optionally with an article) Augsburg)

Augsburgs (genitive)
Augsburg (genitive with-article)
Augsburg (definite nominative singular)
Augsburgs (definite genitive singular)
Augsburg (definite genitive singular with-article)
Augsburg (dative definite singular)
Augsburg (accusative definite singular)

Augsburg (an independent city, the administrative seat of the Swabia region, Bavaria, in southern Germany)


Potsdam

Potsdam n (proper noun, genitive Potsdams or (optionally with an article) Potsdam)

Potsdams (genitive)
Potsdam (genitive with-article)

From Old High German Poztupimi, from Slavic; compare Lower Sorbian Podstupim.

Potsdam (an independent city in Brandenburg, Germany, near Berlin)


Gelsenkirchen

Gelsenkirchen n (proper noun, genitive Gelsenkirchens or (optionally with an article) Gelsenkirchen)

Gelsenkirchens (genitive)
Gelsenkirchen (genitive with-article)
Gelsenkirchen (definite nominative singular)
Gelsenkirchens (definite genitive singular)
Gelsenkirchen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Gelsenkirchen (dative definite singular)
Gelsenkirchen (accusative definite singular)

/ˌɡɛlzənˈkɪrçən/

[ˌɡɛl.zn̩ˈkɪɐ̯.çn̩]

From Middle Low German Gelstenkerken, Geilistirinkirkin

Gelsenkirchen (an independent city in Ruhr Area, North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Recklinghausen

Recklinghausen n (proper noun, genitive Recklinghausens or (optionally with an article) Recklinghausen)

Recklinghausens (genitive)
Recklinghausen (genitive with-article)

Recklinghausen (a city and rural district in the Ruhr Area, North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Gütersloh

Gütersloh n (proper noun, genitive Güterslohs or (optionally with an article) Gütersloh)

Güterslohs (genitive)
Gütersloh (genitive with-article)

From a Low German form of Günther + Old Saxon lōh (“clearing, meadow”) (modern High German Loh (“grove”))

Gütersloh (a city and rural district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Cayenne

Cayenne n (proper noun, genitive Cayennes or (optionally with an article) Cayenne)

Cayennes (genitive)
Cayenne (genitive with-article)

Cayenne (the capital city of French Guiana department)


Venedig

Venedig n (proper noun, genitive Venedigs or (optionally with an article) Venedig)

Venedigs (genitive)
Venedig (genitive with-article)

desc

البُنْدُقِيّة

→ Arabic: البُنْدُقِيّة (al-bunduqiyya)

→ Armenian: Վենետիկ (Venetik)

→ Danish: Venedig

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Venedig

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Venedig

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: وندیك (venedik)
Turkish: Venedik
→ Albanian: Venedik

→ Swedish: Venedig

From Middle High German Venēdige, Venēdje, from Venetan venèdego (“Venetian”). The shift from a demonym to a toponym may have been influenced by the presence of the suffix -ig in many other toponyms, such as Leipzig, Schleswig, etc.

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)


Mekka

de-proper noun

Mekka n (proper noun, genitive Mekkas or (optionally with an article) Mekka)

Mekkas (genitive)
Mekka (genitive with-article)

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Damaskus

Damaskus n (proper noun, genitive Damaskus' or (with an article) Damaskus)

Damaskus' (genitive)
Damaskus (genitive)

From Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from an ancient Semitic language.

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


Timișoara

Timișoara n (proper noun, genitive Timișoaras or (optionally with an article) Timișoara)

Timișoaras (genitive)
Timișoara (genitive with-article)


Gouda

Gouda n (proper noun, genitive Goudas or (optionally with an article) Gouda)

Goudas (genitive)
Gouda (genitive with-article)
Gouda (definite nominative singular)
Goudas (definite genitive singular)
Gouda (definite genitive singular with-article)
Gouda (dative definite singular)
Gouda (accusative definite singular)

de:Gouda
de:Gouda (Käse)
de:Gouda (Niederlande)

Gouda (a city in South Holland, Netherlands)


Würzburg

Würzburg n (proper noun, genitive Würzburgs or (optionally with an article) Würzburg)

Würzburgs (genitive)
Würzburg (genitive with-article)
Würzburg (definite nominative singular)
Würzburgs (definite genitive singular)
Würzburg (definite genitive singular with-article)
Würzburg (dative definite singular)
Würzburg (accusative definite singular)
Würtzburg (alternative obsolete)

/ˈvʏɐ̯tsbʊɐ̯k/

First attested as Virteburch (704) and Uburzis. The second element corresponds to Burg, but the first element is said to be Celtic. The Medieval Latin form was Herbipolis. Folk etymology later connected it to Würze (“spice, aroma”).

an independent city, the administrative seat of the Lower Franconia region, Bavaria


Tschernobyl

Tschernobyl n (proper noun, genitive Tschernobyls or (optionally with an article) Tschernobyl)

Tschernobyls (genitive)
Tschernobyl (genitive with-article)

/tʃɛʁˈnɔbɪl/


Bielefeld

Bielefeld n (proper noun, genitive Bielefelds or (optionally with an article) Bielefeld)

Bielefelds (genitive)
Bielefeld (genitive with-article)
Bielefeld (definite nominative singular)
Bielefelds (definite genitive singular)
Bielefeld (definite genitive singular with-article)
Bielefeld (dative definite singular)
Bielefeld (accusative definite singular)

Unknown. There has been published a multitude about the etymology and it depends on whether early occurrences of resembling toponyms refer to this location, the oldest a Bylanuelde farmland conveyed to Corvey in the mid 9th century, next a Biliuelde in the Vita Meinwerci from the 1160s relating occurrences between 1015 and 1036, then a 12th century Bylivelt; only in the 13th century the name of the town occurs clearly and oftener, following which the foundation year is conventionally reckoned the year 1214. A recent overview of the theories is given by Meineke 2013. The areal extent of the city to which the term refers derives from incorporations in 1900, 1907, 1930, and 1973.

an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Corvey
de:Bielefeld
de:Bielefeld-Gesetz
de:Vita Meinwerci


Duisburg

Duisburg n (proper noun, genitive Duisburgs or (optionally with an article) Duisburg)

Duisburgs (genitive)
Duisburg (genitive with-article)

From Old High German Tusburch; the first element is of unknown origin, and the second is Burg (“castle, stronghold”).

Duisburg (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Hagen

Hagen n (proper noun, genitive Hagens or (optionally with an article) Hagen)

Hagens (genitive)
Hagen (genitive with-article)
Hagen (definite nominative singular)
Hagens (definite genitive singular)
Hagen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Hagen (dative definite singular)
Hagen (accusative definite singular)

Audio

Audio

Audio

Hagen (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Krefeld

Krefeld n (proper noun, genitive Krefelds or (optionally with an article) Krefeld)

Krefelds (genitive)
Krefeld (genitive with-article)
Krefeld (definite nominative singular)
Krefelds (definite genitive singular)
Krefeld (definite genitive singular with-article)
Krefeld (dative definite singular)
Krefeld (accusative definite singular)
Crefeld (alternative)

From Middle Low German Krinvelde. The first element is of unclear origin; the second is Feld (“field”).

Krefeld (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Mönchengladbach

Mönchengladbach n (proper noun, genitive Mönchengladbachs or (optionally with an article) Mönchengladbach)

Mönchengladbachs (genitive)
Mönchengladbach (genitive with-article)
Mönchengladbach (definite nominative singular)
Mönchengladbachs (definite genitive singular)
Mönchengladbach (definite genitive singular with-article)
Mönchengladbach (dative definite singular)
Mönchengladbach (accusative definite singular)
München-Gladbach (alternative dated)
Mönchen-Gladbach (alternative dated)

Originally Monich Gladebach (1300), later Munche-Glaydebach (1348). Equivalent to Mönch (“monk”) + -en- + Gladbach.


Mülheim an der Ruhr

Mülheim an der Ruhr n (proper noun, genitive Mülheims an der Ruhr or (optionally with an article) Mülheim an der Ruhr)

Mülheims an der Ruhr (genitive)
Mülheim an der Ruhr (genitive with-article)

Mülheim an der Ruhr
Mülheim an der Ruhr#English

Mülheim an der Ruhr (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)

Mülheim an der Ruhr
de:Mülheim an der Ruhr


Münster

Münster n (proper noun, genitive Münsters or (optionally with an article) Münster)

Münsters (genitive)
Münster (genitive with-article)
Münster (definite nominative singular)
Münsters (definite genitive singular)
Münster (definite genitive singular with-article)
Münster (dative definite singular)
Münster (accusative definite singular)

→ English: Münster

From Middle High German münster, from Old High German munistiuri (8th century), from Vulgar Latin *monisterium, from Latin monastērium, from Ancient Greek μοναστήριον (monastḗrion). Cognate with English minster and the doublet monastery, and Sicilian misteri.

Münster (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)

(historical) the prince-bishopric based in that city


Oberhausen

Oberhausen n (proper noun, genitive Oberhausens or (optionally with an article) Oberhausen)

Oberhausens (genitive)
Oberhausen (genitive with-article)
Oberhausen (definite nominative singular)
Oberhausens (definite genitive singular)
Oberhausen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Oberhausen (dative definite singular)
Oberhausen (accusative definite singular)

/ˈoːbəʁˌhaʊ̯zən/

Oberhausen (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Bremerhaven

Bremerhaven n (proper noun, genitive Bremerhavens or (optionally with an article) Bremerhaven)

Bremerhavens (genitive)
Bremerhaven (genitive with-article)
Bremerhaven (definite nominative singular)
Bremerhavens (definite genitive singular)
Bremerhaven (definite genitive singular with-article)
Bremerhaven (dative definite singular)
Bremerhaven (accusative definite singular)

From Bremer (“of Bremen”) + Hafen (“harbour”). The Low German spelling Haven was already archaic when the harbour was opened around 1830. It was probably chosen by analogy with Cuxhaven. Compare Wilhelmshaven (founded in 1869).

af

Bremerhaven (a city in Bremen, northwestern Germany)


Erlangen

de-proper noun

Erlangen n (proper noun, genitive Erlangens or (optionally with an article) Erlangen)

Erlangens (genitive)
Erlangen (genitive with-article)

Erlangen (an independent city in Bavaria, Germany; the administrative seat of Erlangen-Höchstadt district)


Fürth

Fürth n (proper noun, genitive Fürths or (optionally with an article) Fürth)

Fürths (genitive)
Fürth (genitive with-article)
Fürth (definite nominative singular)
Fürths (definite genitive singular)
Fürth (definite genitive singular with-article)
Fürth (dative definite singular)
Fürth (accusative definite singular)

From the East Franconian cognate of standard Furt (“ford”).

Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia#English

Fürth (an independent city in the Middle Franconia region, Bavaria, Germany)


Cottbus

Cottbus n (proper noun, genitive Cottbus' or (with an article) Cottbus)

Cottbus' (genitive)
Cottbus (genitive)
Kottbus (alternative obsolete)

From Lower Sorbian Chóśebuz, from the personal name Chóśebud.

Cottbus (an independent city in Brandenburg, Germany)


Darmstadt

Darmstadt n (proper noun, genitive Darmstadts or (optionally with an article) Darmstadt)

Darmstadts (genitive)
Darmstadt (genitive with-article)

The name first appeared towards the end of the 11th century as Darmundestat, later as Darmstait. Its origins are unknown. It is sometimes stated to derive from the Darmbach (a small stream formerly running through the city). In fact, the stream received its current name much later, after the city.

Darmstadt (an independent city in Hesse, Germany; the administrative seat of Darmstadt-Dieburg district)


Kassel

Kassel n (proper noun, genitive Kassels or (optionally with an article) Kassel)

Kassels (genitive)
Kassel (genitive with-article)
Cassel (alternative)

From Old High German Chassalla, Chassella. Either from Latin castellum or from a native Germanic compound whose second element is Proto-West Germanic *sali (“house, hall”).

der

Kassel (an independent city in northern Hesse, Germany)


Offenbach am Main

de-proper noun

Offenbach am Main n (proper noun, genitive Offenbachs am Main or (optionally with an article) Offenbach am Main)

Offenbachs am Main (genitive)
Offenbach am Main (genitive with-article)

Offenbach am Main
Offenbach am Main#English

Offenbach am Main (an independent city in Hesse, Germany, next to the Main)


Frankfurt am Main

Frankfurt am Main n (proper noun, genitive Frankfurts am Main or (optionally with an article) Frankfurt am Main)

Frankfurts am Main (genitive)
Frankfurt am Main (genitive with-article)
Frankfurt a. M. (alternative abbreviation)

Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt am Main#English

Frankfurt am Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)


Chemnitz

Chemnitz n (proper noun, genitive Chemnitz' or (with an article) Chemnitz)

Chemnitz' (genitive)
Chemnitz (genitive)
Chemnitz (definite nominative singular)
Chemnitz' (definite genitive singular)
Chemnitz (definite genitive singular)
Chemnitz (dative definite singular)
Chemnitz (accusative definite singular)

Named after the eponymous river, which runs through the city. The river name is derived from Upper Sorbian Kamjenica, from kamjenica (“rock, cobblestone”), a diminutive of kamjeń.

Chemnitz (an independent city in Saxony, Germany)


Hoyerswerda

Hoyerswerda n (proper noun, genitive Hoyerswerdas or (optionally with an article) Hoyerswerda)

Hoyerswerdas (genitive)
Hoyerswerda (genitive with-article)
Hoyerswerda (definite nominative singular)
Hoyerswerdas (definite genitive singular)
Hoyerswerda (definite genitive singular with-article)
Hoyerswerda (dative definite singular)
Hoyerswerda (accusative definite singular)

/hɔɪ̯ɐsˈvɛʁda/

Hoyerswerda (an independent city in Saxony, Germany)


Göttingen

Göttingen n (proper noun, genitive Göttingens or (optionally with an article) Göttingen)

Göttingens (genitive)
Göttingen (genitive with-article)

→ English: Göttingen

From Old Saxon Gutingi, after a creek named Gote.

an independent city in Lower Saxony, Germany


Oldenburg

Oldenburg n (proper noun, genitive Oldenburgs or (optionally with an article) Oldenburg)

Oldenburgs (genitive)
Oldenburg (genitive with-article)

From Low German old (“old”) + -burg (“castle”).

Oldenburg (an independent city in Lower Saxony, Germany)


Osnabrück

Osnabrück n (proper noun, genitive Osnabrücks or (optionally with an article) Osnabrück)

Osnabrücks (genitive)
Osnabrück (genitive with-article)
Osnabrück (definite nominative singular)
Osnabrücks (definite genitive singular)
Osnabrück (definite genitive singular with-article)
Osnabrück (dative definite singular)
Osnabrück (accusative definite singular)

From Old Saxon Osnabrugga (literally “bridge of the Osna”), an old name for the river Hase.

der

Osnabrück (an independent city in Lower Saxony, Germany)


Salzgitter

de-proper noun

Salzgitter n (proper noun, genitive Salzgitters or (optionally with an article) Salzgitter)

Salzgitters (genitive)
Salzgitter (genitive with-article)

Salzgitter (an independent city in Lower Saxony, Germany)


Trier

Trier n (proper noun, genitive Triers or (optionally with an article) Trier)

Triers (genitive)
Trier (genitive with-article)

English: Trier

From Latin (Augusta) Trēverōrum, named for the Gaulish Trēverī, a local tribe of Gauls.

Trier (an independent city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; the administrative seat of Trier-Saarburg district, which however does not include the city)


Koblenz

Koblenz n (proper noun, strong, genitive Koblenz' or (rare) Koblenzens or (with an article) Koblenz)

Koblenz' (genitive)
Koblenzens (genitive rare)
Koblenz (genitive)
Koblenz (definite nominative singular)
Koblenz' (definite genitive singular)
Koblenz (definite genitive singular)
Koblenz (dative definite singular)
Koblenz (accusative definite singular)
Coblentz (alternative archaic)
Coblenz (alternative obsolete)

From Middle High German Kobelenz, from local Kovelenz (cf. contemporary Central Franconian Kowwelenz), from Old High German, from Latin Confluentes, referring to the confluence of Rhine and Moselle.

Koblenz (an independent city in northern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Landau in der Pfalz

Landau in der Pfalz n (proper noun, genitive Landaus in der Pfalz or (optionally with an article) Landau in der Pfalz)

Landaus in der Pfalz (genitive)
Landau in der Pfalz (genitive with-article)

Landau in der Pfalz
Landau in der Pfalz#English

Landau in der Pfalz (an independent city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)

Landau in der Pfalz
de:Landau in der Pfalz


Schwerin

Schwerin n (proper noun, genitive Schwerins or (optionally with an article) Schwerin)

Schwerins (genitive)
Schwerin (genitive with-article)

Ultimately from Slavic; contains the place name suffix -in.

Schwerin (an independent city, the state capital of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany)


Stralsund

Stralsund n (proper noun, genitive Stralsunds or (optionally with an article) Stralsund)

Stralsunds (genitive)
Stralsund (genitive with-article)

First mentioned as Stralesund in 1240.
The first element strał (“arrow”) is derived from a West Slavic language, the second element Sund (“sound, strait”) is of Germanic origin.

Stralsund (an independent city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany)


Leiden

Leiden n (proper noun, genitive Leidens or (optionally with an article) Leiden)

Leidens (genitive)
Leiden (genitive with-article)

Leiden (a city in South Holland, Netherlands)


Nazaret

Nazaret n (proper noun, genitive Nazarets or (optionally with an article) Nazaret)

Nazarets (genitive)
Nazaret (genitive with-article)

Northern District
Northern District#English

Nazareth (the largest city in the Northern District, Israel); alternative form of Nazareth


Konstantinopel

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)


Königsberg

Königsberg n (proper noun, genitive Königsbergs or (optionally with an article) Königsberg)

Königsbergs (genitive)
Königsberg (genitive with-article)
Königsberg (nominative singular)
Königsbergs (genitive singular)
Königsberg (genitive singular)
Königsberg (dative singular)
Königsberg (accusative singular)

/ˈkøːnɪçsˌbɛɐ̯k/

From König (“king”) + Berg (“mountain”), named in honour of Ottokar II, king of Bohemia.

(historical) Königsberg (the former capital of East Prussia), now known as Kaliningrad

Ottokar II of Bohemia
de:Königsberg (Preußen)


Pilsen

Pilsen n (proper noun, genitive Pilsens or (optionally with an article) Pilsen)

Pilsens (genitive)
Pilsen (genitive with-article)


Lublin

Lublin n (proper noun, genitive Lublins or (optionally with an article) Lublin)

Lublins (genitive)
Lublin (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Polish Lublin. Final stress after German placenames in -in (like Berlin, Schwerin, Templin). The same syllable is also stressed in Polish inflected forms.


Brünn

Brünn n (proper noun, genitive Brünns or (optionally with an article) Brünn)

Brünns (genitive)
Brünn (genitive with-article)

South Moravian Region
South Moravian Region#English

Brno (capital of the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic, and second-largest city in the Czech Republic)


Kanton

Kanton n (proper noun, genitive Kantons or (optionally with an article) Kanton)

Kantons (genitive)
Kanton (genitive with-article)

Canton (former name of Guangzhou, the capital and largest city of Guangdong in southeastern China)


Raab

Raab n (proper noun, genitive Raabs or (optionally with an article) Raab)

Raabs (genitive)
Raab (genitive with-article)

(Raab, Austria): → English: Raab

Győr (a city, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron county, in northwest Hungary)


Reichenberg

Reichenberg n (proper noun, genitive Reichenbergs or (optionally with an article) Reichenberg)

Reichenbergs (genitive)
Reichenberg (genitive with-article)
Reichenberg (definite nominative singular)
Reichenbergs (definite genitive singular)
Reichenberg (definite genitive singular with-article)
Reichenberg (dative definite singular)
Reichenberg (accusative definite singular)

[ˈʁaɪ̯çn̩ˌbɛʁk]


Wilna

Wilna n (proper noun, genitive Wilnas or (optionally with an article) Wilna)

Wilnas (genitive)
Wilna (genitive with-article)


Löwen

Löwen n (proper noun, genitive Löwens or (optionally with an article) Löwen)

Löwens (genitive)
Löwen (genitive with-article)
Löwen (definite nominative singular)
Löwens (definite genitive singular)
Löwen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Löwen (dative definite singular)
Löwen (accusative definite singular)


Schanghai

Schanghai n (proper noun, genitive Schanghais or (optionally with an article) Schanghai)

Schanghais (genitive)
Schanghai (genitive with-article)
Shanghai (alternative)

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Karatschi

Karatschi n (proper noun, genitive Karatschis or (optionally with an article) Karatschi)

Karatschis (genitive)
Karatschi (genitive with-article)

Karatschi, das pulsierende Herz Pakistans, versinkt in einem Strudel von Gewalt.

2010, Der Spiegel, number 47/2010, page 124:

Karachi, the pulsating heart of Pakistan, is descending into a maelstrom of violence.

Karachi (the capital city of the province of Sindh, Pakistan, and the largest city in [Pakistan])


Straßburg

Straßburg n (proper noun, genitive Straßburgs or (optionally with an article) Straßburg)

Straßburgs (genitive)
Straßburg (genitive with-article)
Strassburg (alternative Switzerland)

From Middle High German Strāzburc, from Old High German Strāzburg (8th c.), also attested as pre-High German Stratiburg (6th c.), Latinised Strateburgum (5th c.). Equivalent to Straße (“road”) + Burg (“town”), from a nearby crossing of two Roman roads.

Strasbourg (the capital city of Bas-Rhin department, France; the capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Vatikanstadt

die Vatikanstadt f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der Vatikanstadt)

die Vatikanstadt (canonical feminine)
der Vatikanstadt (definite genitive)
Vatikanstadt (definite nominative singular)
Vatikanstadt (definite genitive singular)
Vatikanstadt (dative definite singular)
Vatikanstadt (accusative definite singular)

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Perm

Perm n (proper noun, genitive Perms or (optionally with an article) Perm)

Perms (genitive)
Perm (genitive with-article)
Perm (nominative singular)
Perms (genitive singular)
Perm (dative singular)
Perm (accusative singular)

Perm (a city, the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia)


Wladiwostok

Wladiwostok n (proper noun, genitive Wladiwostoks or (optionally with an article) Wladiwostok)

Wladiwostoks (genitive)
Wladiwostok (genitive with-article)


Nikosia

Nikosia n (proper noun, genitive Nikosias or (optionally with an article) Nikosia)

Nikosias (genitive)
Nikosia (genitive with-article)


Zabrze

Zabrze n (proper noun, genitive Zabrzes or (optionally with an article) Zabrze)

Zabrzes (genitive)
Zabrze (genitive with-article)

From Polish Zabrze. Although the town was Prussian since 1742, the spelling of its name was never Germanized (as e.g. in Kattowitz or Schwientochlowitz). In 1915 it was renamed to Hindenburg, however, a name it held until 1945.

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English


Lodz

de-noun

Lodz n (strong, genitive Lodzs or Lodz' or (with an article) Lodz, no plural)

Lodzs (genitive)
Lodz' (genitive)
Lodz (genitive)
Łódź (alternative)
Lodsch (alternative)


Hildesheim

de-proper noun

Hildesheim n (proper noun, genitive Hildesheims or (optionally with an article) Hildesheim)

Hildesheims (genitive)
Hildesheim (genitive with-article)
Hildesheim (definite nominative singular)
Hildesheims (definite genitive singular)
Hildesheim (definite genitive singular with-article)
Hildesheim (dative definite singular)
Hildesheim (accusative definite singular)

From Old High German Hiltinesheim and Old Saxon Hildeneshem, from the personal name Hildin, Hildini (from Proto-West Germanic *hildi (“battle”)), plus Heim (“home”).

Hildesheim (a city and rural district of Lower Saxony, Germany)


Mogadischu

Mogadischu n (proper noun, genitive Mogadischus or (optionally with an article) Mogadischu)

Mogadischus (genitive)
Mogadischu (genitive with-article)


Memel

Memel n (proper noun, genitive Memels or (optionally with an article) Memel)

Memels (genitive)
Memel (genitive with-article)


Tiflis

Tiflis n (proper noun, genitive Tiflis' or (with an article) Tiflis)

Tiflis' (genitive)
Tiflis (genitive)
Tbilissi (alternative bureaucratese uncommon)

From such forms as older Russian Тифли́с (Tiflís), Ottoman Turkish تفلیس (tiflis), Persian تفلیس (teflis).

Tbilisi (the capital city of the country of Georgia)


Samarkand

Samarkand n (proper noun, genitive Samarkands or (optionally with an article) Samarkand)

Samarkands (genitive)
Samarkand (genitive with-article)


Algier

Algier n (proper noun, genitive Algiers or (optionally with an article) Algier)

Algiers (genitive)
Algier (genitive with-article)


Sarajewo

Sarajewo n (proper noun, genitive Sarajewos or (optionally with an article) Sarajewo)

Sarajewos (genitive)
Sarajewo (genitive with-article)
Sarajevo (alternative)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Bozen

Bozen n (proper noun, genitive Bozens or (optionally with an article) Bozen)

Bozens (genitive)
Bozen (genitive with-article)
Bozen (definite nominative singular)
Bozens (definite genitive singular)
Bozen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Bozen (dative definite singular)
Bozen (accusative definite singular)

From Middle High German Bōzen, Pōzen, from Old High German Bōzana, Pōzana, from Latin Bauzanum, from earlier Bautianum, Baudianum, derived from Bautius, Baudius, a personal name of Celtic origin. Cognate with Ladin Bulsan, Italian Bolzano.

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Bolzano (the provincial capital of South Tyrol, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Pressburg

Pressburg n (proper noun, genitive Pressburgs or (optionally with an article) Pressburg)

Pressburgs (genitive)
Pressburg (genitive with-article)
Pressburg (nominative singular)
Pressburgs (genitive singular)
Pressburg (dative singular)
Pressburg (accusative singular)
Preßburg (alternative)

(historical) Pressburg (former name of Bratislava: the capital city of Slovakia)


Belgorod

Belgorod n (proper noun, genitive Belgorods or (optionally with an article) Belgorod)

Belgorods (genitive)
Belgorod (genitive with-article)
Belgorod (definite nominative singular)
Belgorods (definite genitive singular)
Belgorod (definite genitive singular with-article)
Belgorod (dative definite singular)
Belgorod (accusative definite singular)
Bjelgorod (alternative)

Belgorod (a city, the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast, Russia)


Samara

Samara n (proper noun, genitive Samaras or (optionally with an article) Samara)

Samaras (genitive)
Samara (genitive with-article)
Samara (definite nominative singular)
Samaras (definite genitive singular)
Samara (definite genitive singular with-article)
Samara (dative definite singular)
Samara (accusative definite singular)

Samara (a city, the administrative center of Samara Oblast, Russia)


Orenburg

Orenburg n (proper noun, genitive Orenburgs or (optionally with an article) Orenburg)

Orenburgs (genitive)
Orenburg (genitive with-article)

a city, the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia, on the Ural River


Aleppo

Aleppo n (proper noun, genitive Aleppos or (optionally with an article) Aleppo)

Aleppos (genitive)
Aleppo (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Italian Aleppo, from French Alep, from Ottoman Turkish حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep), from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab), of unknown origin.


Kaohsiung

de-proper noun

Kaohsiung n (proper noun, genitive Kaohsiungs or (optionally with an article) Kaohsiung)

Kaohsiungs (genitive)
Kaohsiung (genitive with-article)

Im Süden Taiwans liegt die Hafenstadt Kaohsiung, Nummer 15 der größten Containerhäfen der Welt. Sollte er, wie schon im August 2022 nach dem Besuch der US-Politikerin Nancy Pelosi kurzzeitig geschehen, von der chinesischen Marine blockiert werden, hat dies Auswirkungen auf die gesamte Welt - und erst recht auf die Philippinen.

2023 March 14, Alexander Görlach, “Görlach Global: Philippinen und USA - Wiederbelebung einer alten Allianz zum Schutz vor China”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-03-14, ASIEN:

Kaohsiung, a city on Taiwan's southern coast, is the 15th-busiest container port in the world. There would be global repercussions and immediate consequences for the Philippines should the port again be blocked by Chinese forces, as occurred temporarily in August following the visit of US lawmaker Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan.

Kaohsiung (a city and special municipality in southern Taiwan, and the third largest city in Taiwan)