Georgia

de-proper noun

Georgia n (proper noun, genitive Georgias or (optionally with an article) Georgia)

Georgias (genitive)
Georgia (genitive with-article)

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro n (proper noun, genitive Rio de Janeiros or (optionally with an article) Rio de Janeiro)

Rio de Janeiros (genitive)
Rio de Janeiro (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Portuguese Rio de Janeiro.

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English


Paraná

Paraná n (proper noun, strong, genitive Paranás)

Borrowed from Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (a state of the South Region, Brazil; capital: Curitiba)


Hawaii

Hawaii n (proper noun, genitive Hawaiis or (optionally with an article) Hawaii)

Hawaiis (genitive)
Hawaii (genitive with-article)
Hawaï (alternative)
Hawai (alternative)

Hawaii (an insular state of the United States, formerly a territory)


Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania n (proper noun, genitive Pennsylvanias or (optionally with an article) Pennsylvania)

Pennsylvanias (genitive)
Pennsylvania (genitive with-article)
Pennsylvanien (alternative)

Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)


Berlin

Berlin n (proper noun, genitive Berlins or (optionally with an article) Berlin, plural Berlin)

Berlins (genitive)
Berlin (genitive with-article)
Berlin (plural)
Berl. (alternative abbreviation)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Berlin

→ Vietnamese: Béc-linh

Margraviate of Brandenburg
de:Belitz
de:Berlin

The place is first mentioned by this name in the late 12th century (as Middle Low German Berlyn).
The origin is unknown. Slavic by the suffix -in.
According to (incorrect) folk etymology, the name is derived from the Bär (“bear”) that is the symbol of the city.
In a popular etymology of Germanists, it is derived from a Polabian stem *berl- ~ *birl- (“swamp”), for which lexical item there is no evidence in Polabian nor in any Slavic language. Closest to that would be an unknown simpler relative of *bьrlogъ (“cave”).
Attested vocabulary is Polabian poro (“swamp, bog”). *bělь also meant a “swampy meadow” or “white field”, which fits the location at the märkische Streusandbüchse, the “Margraviate pounce box” notorious for its sandy soil, and is also the noun behind Belitz.

Flächenländer: Baden-Württemberg · Bayern · Brandenburg · Hessen · Niedersachsen · Mecklenburg-Vorpommern · Nordrhein-Westfalen · Rheinland-Pfalz · Saarland · Sachsen · Sachsen-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thüringen

Berlin ist mehr ein Weltteil als eine Stadt.

1800, Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Berlin is more a part of a world than a city.

1910, Karl Scheffler, author of Berlin: Ein Stadtschicksal

Berlin is a city damned forever to become, never to be.

Berlin ist eine Stadt, verdammt dazu, ewig zu werden, niemals zu sein.

Berlin (the capital and largest city and state of Germany)


Florida

Florida n (proper noun, genitive Floridas or (optionally with an article) Florida)

Floridas (genitive)
Florida (genitive with-article)

At least since the 17th century; probably from Spanish or Dutch Florida, or maybe from English Florida.


New York

New York n (proper noun, genitive New Yorks or (optionally with an article) New York)

New Yorks (genitive)
New York (genitive with-article)
New York (definite nominative singular)
New Yorks (definite genitive singular)
New York (definite genitive singular with-article)
New York (dative definite singular)
New York (accusative definite singular)
Newyork (alternative archaic)
Neuyork (alternative archaic)


Hamburg

Hamburg n (proper noun, genitive Hamburgs or (optionally with an article) Hamburg)

Hamburgs (genitive)
Hamburg (genitive with-article)

From the name of a fortress in the area, Hammaburg, first element of uncertain origin (possibly Old High German Hamme (“bend, angle”)) + -burg (“castle”).

Hamburg (the second-largest city in and simultaneously a state of Germany)


Salzburg

Salzburg n (proper noun, genitive Salzburgs or (optionally with an article) Salzburg)

Salzburgs (genitive)
Salzburg (genitive with-article)

From Salz (“salt”) + Burg (“castle, fort”), from its former importance guarding the salt trade on the Salzach, itself derived from Salz + Aach.


Baden-Württemberg

Baden-Württemberg n (proper noun, genitive Baden-Württembergs or (optionally with an article) Baden-Württemberg)

Baden-Württembergs (genitive)
Baden-Württemberg (genitive with-article)

Baden + Württemberg, the resulting Bundesland created from the merger of three smaller Bundesländer: Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern.

Baden-Württemberg (a state in southwest Germany)


Brandenburg

Brandenburg n (proper noun, genitive Brandenburgs or (optionally with an article) Brandenburg)

Brandenburgs (genitive)
Brandenburg (genitive with-article)

The second element is from Burg; the first element is usually said to be of Slavic origin, possibly related to the root of the Czech city name Brno.

Brandenburg (a state in northeast Germany)


Bremen

Bremen n (proper noun, genitive Bremens or (optionally with an article) Bremen)

Bremens (genitive)
Bremen (genitive with-article)

The place name is from Old Saxon bremo (“edge”), referring to its location on a riverbank, sharing a common Germanic origin with Old Norse barmr (“rim”) (modern English brim).


Hesse

(Hesse) Hesse (a state of modern Germany)


Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern n (proper noun, genitive Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns or (optionally with an article) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns (genitive)
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (genitive with-article)

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania#English

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (a state in northeast Germany)


Saarland

das Saarland n (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Saarlandes or des Saarlands)

das Saarland (canonical neuter)
des Saarlandes (definite genitive)
des Saarlands (definite genitive)


Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein n (proper noun, genitive Schleswig-Holsteins or (optionally with an article) Schleswig-Holstein)

Schleswig-Holsteins (genitive)
Schleswig-Holstein (genitive with-article)
Schleswig-Holstein (nominative singular)
Schleswig-Holsteins (genitive singular)
Schleswig-Holstein (dative singular)
Schleswig-Holstein (accusative singular)

Schleswig-Holstein (a state in northern Germany)


Kentucky

Kentucky n (proper noun, strong, genitive Kentuckys)


Texas

Texas n (proper noun, genitive Texas' or (with an article) Texas)

From Spanish Texas, chiefly through English Texas.

Texas (a state in the south-central region of the United States)


Wien

Wien n (proper noun, genitive Wiens or (optionally with an article) Wien)

Wiens (genitive)
Wien (genitive with-article)

From Middle High German Wiene, Wienne, from Old High German Wienna, Wēnia, probably from a Vulgar Latin *Vedunia, itself from Proto-Celtic *widus (“wood”) or *weidus (“wild”). The Latin name Vindobona is probably not related at all, but at any rate cannot be the immediate source of the Old High German name.


Oregon

Oregon n (proper noun, strong, genitive Oregons)

Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest#English

Oregon (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)


Bayern

Bayern n (proper noun, genitive Bayerns or (optionally with an article) Bayern)

Bayerns (genitive)
Bayern (genitive with-article)
Bayern (definite nominative singular)
Bayerns (definite genitive singular)
Bayern (definite genitive singular with-article)
Bayern (dative definite singular)
Bayern (accusative definite singular)
Baiern (alternative)

From Middle High German Baiern, Beiern (older Beieren), a dative plural descendant of Old High German Beiara.

Bavaria (a historic region, former duchy, former kingdom, and modern state of Germany; the modern state includes parts of historical Swabia and Franconia as well as historical Bavaria)


Alaska

Alaska n (proper noun, genitive Alaskas or (optionally with an article) Alaska)

Alaskas (genitive)
Alaska (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from English Alaska, from Aleut alaxsxaq.

Alaska (a state of the United States, formerly a territory)


Arizona

Arizona n (proper noun, genitive Arizonas or (optionally with an article) Arizona)

Arizonas (genitive)
Arizona (genitive with-article)

/ˌɛɹiˈzɔʊ̯nɐ/

Arizona (a state in the southwestern United States, established 1912)


Arkansas

Arkansas n (proper noun, genitive Arkansas' or (with an article) Arkansas)

Arkansas' (genitive)
Arkansas (genitive)

Germanicised; slightly dated in educated speech

/ˈaʁkənˌsɔː/

approaching the dated or merely a supposed English pronunciation; proscribed

Arkansas (a state in the South Central region of the United States)


Colorado

Colorado n (proper noun, genitive Colorados or (optionally with an article) Colorado)

Colorados (genitive)
Colorado (genitive with-article)

From Spanish colorado, partly through English Colorado.

Colorado (a state in the western United States, the 38th state)


Iowa

Iowa n (proper noun, genitive Iowas or (optionally with an article) Iowa)

Iowas (genitive)
Iowa (genitive with-article)

Iowa (a state in the Midwestern region of the United States)


Illinois

Illinois n (proper noun, genitive Illinois' or (with an article) Illinois)

Illinois' (genitive)
Illinois (genitive)

From French Illinois, chiefly through English Illinois.

Illinois (a state of the United States, named for the people)


Missouri

Missouri n (proper noun, genitive Missouris or (optionally with an article) Missouri)

Missouris (genitive)
Missouri (genitive with-article)

Missouri (a state in the Midwestern region of the United States)


Nevada

Nevada n (proper noun, genitive Nevadas or (optionally with an article) Nevada)

Nevadas (genitive)
Nevada (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from English Nevada, from Spanish nevada (“snow-covered”).

Nevada (a state in the western United States)


Ohio

Ohio n (proper noun, genitive Ohios or (optionally with an article) Ohio)

Ohios (genitive)
Ohio (genitive with-article)


Utah

Utah n (proper noun, genitive Utahs or (optionally with an article) Utah)

Utahs (genitive)
Utah (genitive with-article)

Utah (a state in the western United States)


Washington

Washington n (proper noun, genitive Washingtons or (optionally with an article) Washington)

Washingtons (genitive)
Washington (genitive with-article)
Washington (definite nominative singular)
Washingtons (definite genitive singular)
Washington (definite genitive singular with-article)
Washington (dative definite singular)
Washington (accusative definite singular)

Washington State
Washington State#English

Washington, Washington State (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)


Wisconsin

Wisconsin n (proper noun, genitive Wisconsins or (optionally with an article) Wisconsin)

Wisconsins (genitive)
Wisconsin (genitive with-article)

Wisconsin (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


Wyoming

Wyoming n (proper noun, genitive Wyomings or (optionally with an article) Wyoming)

Wyomings (genitive)
Wyoming (genitive with-article)

/waˈjɔʊ̯mɪŋ/

Wyoming (a state of the United States, formerly a territory)


BR

abbreviation of Brandenburg: a state of Germany near to Berlin


Burgenland

das Burgenland n (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Burgenlandes or des Burgenlands)

das Burgenland (canonical neuter)
des Burgenlandes (definite genitive)
des Burgenlands (definite genitive)
Burgenland (definite nominative singular)
Burgenlandes (definite genitive singular)
Burgenlands (definite genitive singular)
Burgenland (dative definite singular)
Burgenlande (dative definite singular)
Burgenland (accusative definite singular)

Formerly also called Vierburgenland, because it was created from the four regions of Pressburg, Wieselburg, Ödenburg and Eisenburg.


Kärnten

Kärnten n (proper noun, genitive Kärntens or (optionally with an article) Kärnten)

Kärntens (genitive)
Kärnten (genitive with-article)
Kärnten (definite nominative singular)
Kärntens (definite genitive singular)
Kärnten (definite genitive singular with-article)
Kärnten (dative definite singular)
Kärnten (accusative definite singular)

From Middle High German Kerntene, Kerenten, from Old High German [Term?], from Latin Carantania, possibly from a Celtic language, if so, from Proto-Celtic *karantos (“ally, friend”), related to the verb *kareti (“to love”). More at Carinthia.

(historical) Carinthia (a former duchy and historical region of Central Europe, now split politically between Austria and Slovenia):


Kalifornien

Kalifornien n (proper noun, genitive Kaliforniens or (optionally with an article) Kalifornien)

Kaliforniens (genitive)
Kalifornien (genitive with-article)

California (the most populous state of the United States)


Steiermark

die Steiermark f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der Steiermark)

die Steiermark (canonical feminine)
der Steiermark (definite genitive)

→ Kashubian: Sztejermark


Thüringen

Thüringen n (proper noun, genitive Thüringens or (optionally with an article) Thüringen)

Thüringens (genitive)
Thüringen (genitive with-article)

From Old High German Duringa.
From the name of the Thüringer (“Thuringians”), a people who are attested since at least 480 when Sidonius Apollinaris mentions them (as Toringus m), and potentially earlier around 150 when Ptolemy mentions the Τευριοχαῖμαι (Teuriokhaîmai). Their name was traditionally connected to that of the Hermunduren, but this is discredited by modern etymologists on phonological grounds; instead, a connection to the Turones is sometimes proposed. Grahn-Hoek alternatively proposes a connection to the Thervingi (authors have at least mixed up the two groups since ancient times on account of the similarity of their names), particularly a subgroup living along the Τύρας (Túras).


Hessen

Hessen n (proper noun, genitive Hessens or (optionally with an article) Hessen)

Hessens (genitive)
Hessen (genitive with-article)
Hessen (definite nominative singular)
Hessens (definite genitive singular)
Hessen (definite genitive singular with-article)
Hessen (dative definite singular)
Hessen (accusative definite singular)
Hesse (alternative)

Originally the dative plural of Hesse m (“Hessian”), meaning "(the land) by the Hessians".

Die westfränkische Mundart zieht sich durch beide Hessen nordwärts ins Nassauische, weiter westwärts in die Rheinpfalz bis über den Rhein hinüber.

1836, Max Wilhelm Götzinger, Die deutsche Spache und ihre Literatur. Erster Band. Die deutsche Sprache, page 67:


Sachsen

Sachsen n (proper noun, genitive Sachsens or (optionally with an article) Sachsen)

Sachsens (genitive)
Sachsen (genitive with-article)

Saxony (a state of modern Germany, located in the east, far from historical Saxon lands)


Nordrhein-Westfalen

Nordrhein-Westfalen n (proper noun, genitive Nordrhein-Westfalens or (optionally with an article) Nordrhein-Westfalen)

Nordrhein-Westfalens (genitive)
Nordrhein-Westfalen (genitive with-article)

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

North Rhine-Westphalia (a state in western Germany)


Niedersachsen

Niedersachsen n (proper noun, genitive Niedersachsens or (optionally with an article) Niedersachsen)

Niedersachsens (genitive)
Niedersachsen (genitive with-article)

Lower Saxony (a state in northwest Germany)


Rheinland-Pfalz

Rheinland-Pfalz n (proper noun, genitive Rheinland-Pfalz' or (with an article) Rheinland-Pfalz)

Rheinland-Pfalz' (genitive)
Rheinland-Pfalz (genitive)

Rhineland-Palatinate (a state in western Germany)


Sachsen-Anhalt

Sachsen-Anhalt n (proper noun, genitive Sachsen-Anhalts or (optionally with an article) Sachsen-Anhalt)

Sachsen-Anhalts (genitive)
Sachsen-Anhalt (genitive with-article)

Saxony-Anhalt (a state in central Germany)


Tirol

Tirol n (proper noun, genitive Tirols or (optionally with an article) Tirol, plural (uncommon) Tirol)

Tirols (genitive)
Tirol (genitive with-article)
Tirol (plural uncommon)
Tyrol (alternative)

→ Hunsrik: Tirol


Niederösterreich

Niederösterreich n (proper noun, genitive Niederösterreichs or (optionally with an article) Niederösterreich)

Niederösterreichs (genitive)
Niederösterreich (genitive with-article)
Niederösterreich (definite nominative singular)
Niederösterreichs (definite genitive singular)
Niederösterreich (definite genitive singular with-article)
Niederösterreich (dative definite singular)
Niederösterreich (accusative definite singular)

[ˈniːdɐˌʔøːstəʁaɪ̯ç]

[ˈniːdɐˌʔøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç]

From nieder- (“lower”) + Österreich (“Austria”).


Vorarlberg

de-proper noun

Vorarlberg n (proper noun, genitive Vorarlbergs or (optionally with an article) Vorarlberg)

Vorarlbergs (genitive)
Vorarlberg (genitive with-article)

→ English: Vorarlberg

→ Polish: Vorarlberg

/foːɐ̯ˈʔaʁlbɛʁk/

/ˈfoːɐ̯ʔaʁlbɛʁk/

From vor (“before, in front of”) + Arlberg (“massif shared between Vorarlberg and Tyrol”).

af

Vorarlberg (the westernmost federal state of Austria)


Oberösterreich

de-proper noun

Oberösterreich n (proper noun, genitive Oberösterreichs or (optionally with an article) Oberösterreich)

Oberösterreichs (genitive)
Oberösterreich (genitive with-article)
Oberösterreich (definite nominative singular)
Oberösterreichs (definite genitive singular)
Oberösterreich (definite genitive singular with-article)
Oberösterreich (dative definite singular)
Oberösterreich (accusative definite singular)

/ˈoːbɐˌʔøːstəʁaɪ̯ç/

/ˈoːbɐˌʔøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç/

From ober- (“upper”) + Österreich (“Austria”).


Neuyork

de-proper noun

Neuyork n (proper noun, genitive Neuyorks or (optionally with an article) Neuyork)

Neuyorks (genitive)
Neuyork (genitive with-article)

archaic form of New York:
New York (a state of the United States)


Elsaß-Lothringen

Elsaß-Lothringen n (proper noun, strong, genitive Elsaß-Lothringens)

Elsaß-Lothringens (genitive)
Elsass-Lothringen (alternative)

Alsace-Lorraine (a historical state in Germany (1871-1918); modern Grand Est)