lesen

head

lesen (past singular lees, past participle leest or lesen, auxiliary verb hebben)

lees (past singular)
leest (participle past)
lesen (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
lesen (infinitive)
lees (first-person indicative present singular)
lees (first-person indicative preterite singular)
leess (indicative present second-person singular)
leesst (indicative present second-person singular)
leess (indicative preterite second-person singular)
leesst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lees (indicative present singular third-person)
leest (indicative present singular third-person)
lees (indicative preterite singular third-person)
leest (indicative plural present)
leesen (indicative plural present)
lesen (indicative plural preterite)
lees (imperative present singular)
leese (imperative present singular)
leest (imperative plural present)
lesen (participle present)
leest (participle past)
eleest (participle past)
geleest (participle past)
lesen (infinitive)
lees (first-person indicative present singular)
lees (first-person indicative preterite singular)
liss (indicative present second-person singular)
lisst (indicative present second-person singular)
leess (indicative preterite second-person singular)
leesst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lis (indicative present singular third-person)
list (indicative present singular third-person)
lees (indicative preterite singular third-person)
leest (indicative plural present)
leesen (indicative plural present)
lesen (indicative plural preterite)
lees (imperative present singular)
leest (imperative plural present)
lesen (participle present)
lesen (participle past)
elesen (participle past)
gelesen (participle past)

From Proto-Germanic *lesaną.
Cognate with Dutch Low Saxon leazn, lezen; Plautdietsch läsen; German lesen; Dutch lezen.

Hest du de Daagbläder vunmorgen leest?

Did you read the newspapers this morning?

(rare, dated, transitive or intransitive) to gather up


jagen

jagen (infinitive)
jaag (first-person indicative present singular)
joog (first-person indicative preterite singular)
jaggst (indicative present second-person singular)
jaagst (indicative present second-person singular)
joogst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
jaggt (indicative present singular third-person)
jaagt (indicative present singular third-person)
joog (indicative preterite singular third-person)
jaagt (indicative plural present)
jagen (indicative plural present)
jogen (indicative plural preterite)
jaag (imperative present singular)
jaagt (imperative plural present)
jagen (participle present)
jaggt (participle past)
gejaggt (participle past)
jaagt (participle past)
gejaagt (participle past)

From Middle Low German jāgen, from Old Saxon jagōn, from Proto-West Germanic *jagōn.


liggen

liggen (past singular leeg, past participle legen, auxiliary verb hebben)

leeg (past singular)
legen (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
liggen (infinitive)
ligg (first-person indicative present singular)
leeg (first-person indicative preterite singular)
liggs (indicative present second-person singular)
liggst (indicative present second-person singular)
leegs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
leegst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
ligg (indicative present singular third-person)
liggt (indicative present singular third-person)
leeg (indicative preterite singular third-person)
liggt (indicative plural present)
liggen (indicative plural present)
legen (indicative plural preterite)
ligg (imperative present singular)
liggt (imperative plural present)
liggen (participle present)
legen (participle past)
elegen (participle past)
gelegen (participle past)

From Old Saxon liggian, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Compare Dutch liggen, German liegen, West Frisian lizze, English lie, Danish ligge.

Dor liggt mien Huus an't Waterkant.

Köönt ji mi wiesen wor Bersenbrügge liggt?
Could you tell me where Bersenbrücke is (located)?

(intransitive, often of place names) to be, to be placed or located

Dien Eten liggt dor kold to warren.

Your food is (lying) there getting cold.

(intransitive, with te and another verb) Used as an alternative to wesen + an't to form a continuous aspect.


binnen

binnen (third-person singular simple present binnt, past tense bunn, past participle bunnen, auxiliary verb hebben)

binnt (present singular third-person)
bunn (past)
bunnen (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
binnen (infinitive)
binn (first-person indicative present singular)
bunn (first-person indicative preterite singular)
binns (indicative present second-person singular)
binnst (indicative present second-person singular)
bunns (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bunnst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
binn (indicative present singular third-person)
binnt (indicative present singular third-person)
bunn (indicative preterite singular third-person)
binnt (indicative plural present)
binnen (indicative plural present)
bunnen (indicative plural preterite)
binn (imperative present singular)
binnt (imperative plural present)
binnen (participle present)
bunnen (participle past)
ebunnen (participle past)
gebunnen (participle past)

From Old Saxon bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).


kriegen

head

kriegen (past singular kreeg, past participle kregen, auxiliary verb hebben)

kreeg (past singular)
kregen (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
kriegen (infinitive)
krieg (first-person indicative present singular)
kreeg (first-person indicative preterite singular)
kriggs (indicative present second-person singular)
kriggst (indicative present second-person singular)
kreegs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
kreegst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
krigg (indicative present singular third-person)
kriggt (indicative present singular third-person)
kreeg (indicative preterite singular third-person)
kriegt (indicative plural present)
kriegen (indicative plural present)
kregen (indicative plural preterite)
krieg (imperative present singular)
kriegt (imperative plural present)
kriegen (participle present)
kregen (participle past)
ekregen (participle past)
gekregen (participle past)

From Middle Low German krîgen. Verbalisation of krich (“war”). Compare German kriegen, Dutch krijgen.


ligge

(eastern Low Prussian) Alternative form of liggen


ös

(Low Prussian) third-person singular present of sön : (he, she, it) is


hebbe

(eastern Low Prussian) Alternative form of hebben


rieden

rieden (past singular reed, past participle reden, auxiliary verb wesen)

reed (past singular)
reden (participle past)
wesen (auxiliary)
rieden (infinitive)
ried (first-person indicative present singular)
reed (first-person indicative preterite singular)
ridds (indicative present second-person singular)
riddst (indicative present second-person singular)
reeds (indicative preterite second-person singular)
reedst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
ridd (indicative present singular third-person)
riddt (indicative present singular third-person)
reed (indicative preterite singular third-person)
riedt (indicative plural present)
rieden (indicative plural present)
reden (indicative plural preterite)
ried (imperative present singular)
riedt (imperative plural present)
rieden (participle present)
reden (participle past)
ereden (participle past)
gereden (participle past)

From Middle Low German rîden, from Old Saxon rīdan.


grienen

grien (past singular)
grient (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
grienen (infinitive)
grien (first-person indicative present singular)
grien (first-person indicative preterite singular)
griens (indicative present second-person singular)
grienst (indicative present second-person singular)
griens (indicative preterite second-person singular)
grienst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
grien (indicative present singular third-person)
grient (indicative present singular third-person)
grien (indicative preterite singular third-person)
grient (indicative plural present)
grienen (indicative plural present)
grienen (indicative plural preterite)
grien (imperative present singular)
griene (imperative present singular)
grient (imperative plural present)
grienen (participle present)
grient (participle past)
egrient (participle past)
gegrient (participle past)

From Middle Low German grînen, from Old Saxon *grīnan, from Proto-West Germanic *grīnan, related to English grin, Dutch grijnzen.


funkeln

From Middle Low German vunkeln, equivalent to Funk + -eln. Cognate with German funkeln.


gröten

From Middle Low German grö̂ten, from Old Saxon grōtian, from Proto-Germanic *grōtijaną. More at greet.


wesen

wesen (past singular weer, past participle wesen or west, auxiliary verb wesen)

weer (past singular)
wesen (participle past)
west (participle past)
wesen (auxiliary)
wesen (infinitive)
bin (first-person indicative present singular)
bün (first-person indicative present singular)
sin (first-person indicative present singular)
sen (first-person indicative present singular)
weer (first-person indicative preterite singular)
was (first-person indicative preterite singular)
bist (indicative present second-person singular)
büst (indicative present second-person singular)
weerst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
weres (indicative preterite second-person singular)
is (indicative present singular third-person)
es (indicative present singular third-person)
ös (indicative present singular third-person)
weer (indicative preterite singular third-person)
was (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sind (indicative plural present)
sünd (indicative plural present)
sin (indicative plural present)
weren (indicative plural preterite)
wassen (indicative plural preterite)
wes (imperative present singular)
si (imperative present singular)
west (imperative plural present)
weset (imperative plural present)
wesen (participle present)
wesende (participle present)
wesen (participle past)
ewesen (participle past)
west (participle past)
ewest (participle past)
gewesen (participle past)
gewest (participle past)

From Middle Low German wēsen, from Old Saxon wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-.
All the forms with initial w- (imperative and past tense) derive from this root. It is related to Old English wesan, Dutch wezen, West Frisian wêze.
The original infinitive is wesen but a second infinitive sien also exists. The infinitive wesen is still the most used one, but in general which one is used is a matter of personal preference and/or region.
The infinitive sien derives from Middle Low German sîn, from Old Saxon sīn. Along with the words is and sünd, it derives ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), which had no separate infinitive in Germanic. The modern infinitive sien was probably back-formed in late Old Saxon from the former first-person plural subjunctive sīn (“we be”), since this form had become identical to the infinitive in other verbs during the late Old Saxon period. Compare also Dutch zijn and its alternative infinitive wezen.
Finally, the forms bin/bün and bist/büst derive from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, to become”), from *bʰuH- (“to become”), which survives only as relic forms in the West Germanic languages and not at all in the others. Its infinitive and non-singular forms are only attested in (Old) English.

m+

Wesen oder nich wesen, dat is de Fraag.

To be or not to be, that is the question.

Weerst du dor Saterdag ook?

De Straat is breet.

(transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it.

He is hier nie west.

(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle.

Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle.
Note: The perfect tense of most other verbs is formed using hebben.

Se weren höört.

De Wagen schall köfft wesen.

(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle.

Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle.
Note: The imperfect tense passive is formed using warrn.

De Hund weer an't Lopen.

(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses, together with an't.

Ik bün för en Wiel na de Dokter.

He is vundaag na Düsseldörp west.
He's been to Düsseldorf today.

(intransitive) To go, to go on a trip and return.

Dat is böös warm vundaag.

(intransitive, impersonal) Used to indicate weather, temperature or some other general condition.

Dree Mal fief is gliek (an) föffteihn.

(transitive, copulative, mathematics) To equal; used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same, often used with gliek an.

Nu büst du.

(intransitive) To have the next turn in a game.

Mi is dat koolt nu.

(with an indirect object and no subject) It is, be


węsen

(Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian) Alternative form of wesen : to be


misken

From Middle Low German mischen, from Old Saxon *miskian, from Proto-Germanic *miskijaną.


lęven

(in some dialects, especially Mecklenburgisch and Western Pomeranian) to live


sön

sön (infinitive)
sii (first-person indicative present singular)
weer (first-person indicative preterite singular)
böst (indicative present second-person singular)
weerst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
ös (indicative present singular third-person)
weer (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sönd (indicative plural present)
weern (indicative plural preterite)
sii (imperative present singular)
wees (imperative present singular)
sönd (imperative plural present)
weest (imperative plural present)
söend (participle present)
wesen (participle past)
ewesen (participle past)

From Middle Low German sîn, from Old Saxon sīn.
Compare Plautdietsch sennen, German sein, Dutch zijn, Old English sēon (“be”).


sennen

head

sennen (past singular senn, past participle sennt, auxiliary verb hebben)

senn (past singular)
sennt (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
sennen (infinitive)
senn (first-person indicative present singular)
senn (first-person indicative preterite singular)
senns (indicative present second-person singular)
sennst (indicative present second-person singular)
senns (indicative preterite second-person singular)
sennst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
senn (indicative present singular third-person)
sennt (indicative present singular third-person)
senn (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sennt (indicative plural present)
sennen (indicative plural present)
sennen (indicative plural preterite)
senn (imperative present singular)
senne (imperative present singular)
sennt (imperative plural present)
sennen (participle present)
sennt (participle past)
esennt (participle past)
gesennt (participle past)

From Middle Low German senden, from Old Saxon sendian.


lësen

(western Low Prussian) Alternative form of lesen


lëse

(eastern Low Prussian) Alternative form of lesen


afkedde

(eastern Low Prussian) Alternative form of afkedden (“unchain”)

(eastern Low Prussian) Alternative form of afkedden (“cast off”)


gahn

gahn (past singular güng, past participle gahn or gangen, auxiliary verb wesen)

güng (past singular)
gahn (participle past)
gangen (participle past)
wesen (auxiliary)
gahn (infinitive)
gah (first-person indicative present singular)
güng (first-person indicative preterite singular)
geihs (indicative present second-person singular)
geihst (indicative present second-person singular)
güngs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
güngst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
geih (indicative present singular third-person)
geiht (indicative present singular third-person)
güng (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gaht (indicative plural present)
gahen (indicative plural present)
güngen (indicative plural preterite)
gah (imperative present singular)
gaht (imperative plural present)
gahn (participle present)
gahn (participle past)
egahn (participle past)
gangen (participle past)
gegahn (participle past)

From Middle Low German gân, from Old Saxon gān.
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch gaan, German gehen, West Frisian gean, Saterland Frisian gunge, English go, Danish gå.

(transitive) to walk (some distance); to go (usually) by foot

Ik gah nu.

Dehierste Weg geiht richt na Bassum.

(intransitive) To lead (in a direction).

Dat is goot gahn.

(intransitive) To proceed (well or poorly).

Woans geiht dat di?

Mi geiht dat goot.

I’m doing well. (Literally, “It goes well for me.”)

Dat geiht.

(impersonal, intransitive) to be going; to be alright; indicates how the oblique object fares

Dat geiht doch nich warken.

Note: schölen and wüllen are used more often for the future tense, instead of gahn.

(auxiliary) Used to form the future tense of a verb, together with an infinitive.

De Sünn geiht wedder schienen.

Ik gah slapen.

Dat geiht so regen.

(auxiliary) To start to, begin to, to be going to

Dat mag villicht gahn.

(colloquial, intransitive) to be possible

De Koffeeautomaat geiht nich.

(colloquial, intransitive) to work, to function (the verb warken is also used in that context)

De Sitten geiht bet Klock een.

The session is scheduled until one o'clock.

(colloquial, intransitive) to be in progress; to last

Dat geiht op Klock 8.

(impersonal, intransitive, with “op” followed by a time) to approach; to be going (on some one)


glieden

glieden (past singular gleed, past participle gleden, auxiliary verb wesen)

gleed (past singular)
gleden (participle past)
wesen (auxiliary)
glieden (infinitive)
glied (first-person indicative present singular)
gleed (first-person indicative preterite singular)
glidds (indicative present second-person singular)
gliddst (indicative present second-person singular)
gleeds (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gleedst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
glidd (indicative present singular third-person)
gliddt (indicative present singular third-person)
gleed (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gliedt (indicative plural present)
glieden (indicative plural present)
gleden (indicative plural preterite)
glied (imperative present singular)
gliedt (imperative plural present)
glieden (participle present)
gleden (participle past)
egleden (participle past)
gegleden (participle past)

From Middle Low German glîden, from Old Saxon glīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *glīdan, from Proto-Germanic *glīdaną. Cognate with Dutch glijden, German gleiten.


glieken

gleek (past singular)
gleken (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
wesen (auxiliary)
glieken (infinitive)
gliek (first-person indicative present singular)
gleek (first-person indicative preterite singular)
glicks (indicative present second-person singular)
glickst (indicative present second-person singular)
gleeks (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gleekst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
glick (indicative present singular third-person)
glickt (indicative present singular third-person)
gleek (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gliekt (indicative plural present)
glieken (indicative plural present)
gleken (indicative plural preterite)
gliek (imperative present singular)
gliekt (imperative plural present)
glieken (participle present)
gleken (participle past)
egleken (participle past)
gegleken (participle past)

From Middle Low German gelîken, from Old Saxon gilīkōn, from Proto-Germanic *galīkōną. Cognate with Dutch gelijken, German gleichen.


jackeln

jackel (past singular)
jackelt (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
jackeln (infinitive)
jackel (first-person indicative present singular)
jackel (first-person indicative preterite singular)
jackels (indicative present second-person singular)
jackelst (indicative present second-person singular)
jackels (indicative preterite second-person singular)
jackelst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
jackel (indicative present singular third-person)
jackelt (indicative present singular third-person)
jackel (indicative preterite singular third-person)
jackelt (indicative plural present)
jackelen (indicative plural present)
jackelen (indicative plural preterite)
jackel (imperative present singular)
jackele (imperative present singular)
jackelt (imperative plural present)
jackeln (participle present)
jackelt (participle past)
ejackelt (participle past)
gejackelt (participle past)


geelsnacken

snack geel (past singular)
geelsnackt (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
geelsnacken (infinitive)
snack geel (first-person indicative main-clause present singular)
snack geel (first-person indicative main-clause preterite singular)
geelsnack (first-person indicative present singular subordinate-clause)
geelsnack (first-person indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause)
snackst geel (indicative main-clause present second-person singular)
snackst geel (indicative main-clause preterite second-person singular)
geelsnackst (indicative present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
geelsnackst (indicative preterite second-person singular subordinate-clause)
snackt geel (indicative main-clause present singular third-person)
snack geel (indicative main-clause preterite singular third-person)
geelsnackt (indicative present singular subordinate-clause third-person)
geelsnack (indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause third-person)
snackt geel (indicative main-clause plural present)
snacken geel (indicative main-clause plural preterite)
geelsnackt (indicative plural present subordinate-clause)
geelsnacken (indicative plural preterite subordinate-clause)
snack geel (imperative main-clause present singular)
snackt geel (imperative main-clause plural present)
geelsnacken (main-clause participle present)
geelsnackt (main-clause participle past)

From geel + snacken. Cognate with German gelb reden.

to talk about uninteresting subjects, have a pointless talk


grifflachen

grifflach (past singular)
grifflacht (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
grifflachen (infinitive)
grifflach (first-person indicative present singular)
grifflach (first-person indicative preterite singular)
grifflachs (indicative present second-person singular)
grifflachst (indicative present second-person singular)
grifflachs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
grifflachst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
grifflach (indicative present singular third-person)
grifflacht (indicative present singular third-person)
grifflach (indicative preterite singular third-person)
grifflacht (indicative plural present)
grifflachen (indicative plural present)
grifflachen (indicative plural preterite)
grifflach (imperative present singular)
grifflache (imperative present singular)
grifflacht (imperative plural present)
grifflachen (participle present)
grifflacht (participle past)
egrifflacht (participle past)
gegrifflacht (participle past)


utlachen

lach ut (past singular)
utlacht (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
utlachen (infinitive)
lach ut (first-person indicative main-clause present singular)
lach ut (first-person indicative main-clause preterite singular)
utlach (first-person indicative present singular subordinate-clause)
utlach (first-person indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause)
lachst ut (indicative main-clause present second-person singular)
lachst ut (indicative main-clause preterite second-person singular)
utlachst (indicative present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
utlachst (indicative preterite second-person singular subordinate-clause)
lacht ut (indicative main-clause present singular third-person)
lach ut (indicative main-clause preterite singular third-person)
utlacht (indicative present singular subordinate-clause third-person)
utlach (indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause third-person)
lacht ut (indicative main-clause plural present)
lachen ut (indicative main-clause plural preterite)
utlacht (indicative plural present subordinate-clause)
utlachen (indicative plural preterite subordinate-clause)
lach ut (imperative main-clause present singular)
lacht ut (imperative main-clause plural present)
utlachen (main-clause participle present)
utlacht (main-clause participle past)


gootachten

gootacht (past singular)
gootacht (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
gootachten (infinitive)
gootacht (first-person indicative present singular)
gootacht (first-person indicative preterite singular)
gootachts (indicative present second-person singular)
gootachtst (indicative present second-person singular)
gootachts (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gootachtst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gootacht (indicative present singular third-person)
gootachtt (indicative present singular third-person)
gootacht (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gootachtt (indicative plural present)
gootachten (indicative plural present)
gootachten (indicative plural preterite)
gootacht (imperative present singular)
gootachte (imperative present singular)
gootachtt (imperative plural present)
gootachten (participle present)
gootacht (participle past)
egootacht (participle past)
gegootacht (participle past)

From goot + achten. Akin to German gutachten.


nagahn

güng na (past singular)
nagahn (participle past)
wesen (auxiliary)
nagahn (infinitive)
gah na (first-person indicative main-clause present singular)
güng na (first-person indicative main-clause preterite singular)
nagah (first-person indicative present singular subordinate-clause)
nagüng (first-person indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause)
geihst na (indicative main-clause present second-person singular)
güngst na (indicative main-clause preterite second-person singular)
nageihst (indicative present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
nagüngst (indicative preterite second-person singular subordinate-clause)
geiht na (indicative main-clause present singular third-person)
güng na (indicative main-clause preterite singular third-person)
nageiht (indicative present singular subordinate-clause third-person)
nagüng (indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause third-person)
gaht na (indicative main-clause plural present)
güngen na (indicative main-clause plural preterite)
nagaht (indicative plural present subordinate-clause)
nagüngen (indicative plural preterite subordinate-clause)
gah na (imperative main-clause present singular)
gaht na (imperative main-clause plural present)
nagahn (main-clause participle present)
nagahn (main-clause participle past)

Wat geiht na?


snarken

snarken (infinitive)
snark (first-person indicative present singular)
snark (first-person indicative preterite singular)
snarks (indicative present second-person singular)
snarkst (indicative present second-person singular)
snarks (indicative preterite second-person singular)
snarkst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
snark (indicative present singular third-person)
snarkt (indicative present singular third-person)
snark (indicative preterite singular third-person)
snarkt (indicative plural present)
snarken (indicative plural present)
snarken (indicative plural preterite)
snark (imperative present singular)
snarke (imperative present singular)
snarkt (imperative plural present)
snarken (participle present)
snarkt (participle past)
esnarkt (participle past)
gesnarkt (participle past)

From Middle Low German snarken, from Old Saxon *snarkōn, from Proto-West Germanic *snarkōn.


taalken

taalken (past taalk, past participle taalkt, auxiliary verb hebben)

taalk (past)
taalkt (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
taalken (infinitive)
taalk (first-person indicative present singular)
taalk (first-person indicative preterite singular)
taalks (indicative present second-person singular)
taalkst (indicative present second-person singular)
taalks (indicative preterite second-person singular)
taalkst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
taalk (indicative present singular third-person)
taalkt (indicative present singular third-person)
taalk (indicative preterite singular third-person)
taalkt (indicative plural present)
taalken (indicative plural present)
taalken (indicative plural preterite)
taalk (imperative present singular)
taalke (imperative present singular)
taalkt (imperative plural present)
taalken (participle present)
taalkt (participle past)
etaalkt (participle past)
getaalkt (participle past)

From Middle Low German *tālken, *talken, from Old Saxon *talkōn (“to talk, chatter”) with unexpected vowel lengthening, from Proto-West Germanic *talkōn, from Proto-Germanic *talkōną. Cognate with English talk.
Alternatively, from Middle Low German tāligen (“to talk, reckon”).


smöken

From Middle Low German smö̂ken, from smoken, from Old Saxon *smōkian, from Proto-West Germanic *smaukijan.

(transitive) to smoke (e.g. tobacco, etc.)


böhren

head

böhren (third-person singular simple present böhrt, past tense böhr, past participle böhrt, auxiliary verb hebben)

böhrt (present singular third-person)
böhr (past)
böhrt (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
böhren (infinitive)
böhr (first-person indicative present singular)
böhr (first-person indicative preterite singular)
böhrs (indicative present second-person singular)
böhrst (indicative present second-person singular)
böhrs (indicative preterite second-person singular)
böhrst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
böhr (indicative present singular third-person)
böhrt (indicative present singular third-person)
böhr (indicative preterite singular third-person)
böhrt (indicative plural present)
böhren (indicative plural present)
böhren (indicative plural preterite)
böhr (imperative present singular)
böhre (imperative present singular)
böhrt (imperative plural present)
böhren (participle present)
böhrt (participle past)
eböhrt (participle past)
geböhrt (participle past)

From Middle Low German beren, from Old Saxon beran. Compare English bear, Dutch baren.

De Koh böhrt de Steert

Kannst du den vullen Ammel böhren oder is he to swoor?

Can you carry the full bucket or is it too heavy?.


böhren

From Old Saxon *burian, from Proto-Germanic *burjaną. Compare Dutch beuren.


wriwen

wriwen (third-person singular simple present wrift, past tense wrew, past participle wręwen, auxiliary verb hewwen)

wrift (present singular third-person)
wrew (past)
wręwen (participle past)
hewwen (auxiliary)
wriwen (infinitive)
wriw (first-person indicative present singular)
wrew (first-person indicative preterite singular)
wrifs (indicative present second-person singular)
wrifst (indicative present second-person singular)
wrews (indicative preterite second-person singular)
wrewst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
wrif (indicative present singular third-person)
wrift (indicative present singular third-person)
wrew (indicative preterite singular third-person)
wriwt (indicative plural present)
wriwen (indicative plural present)
wrewen (indicative plural preterite)
wriw (imperative present singular)
wriwt (imperative plural present)
wriwen (participle present)
wręwen (participle past)
ewręwen (participle past)
gewręwen (participle past)

(Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch) Alternative form of riewen (“to rub, chafe; to grate”)


riewen

riewen (third-person singular simple present rifft or riewt, past tense reew, past participle räwen or rewen or rewwen, auxiliary verb hebben)

rifft (present singular third-person)
riewt (present singular third-person)
reew (past)
räwen (participle past)
rewen (participle past)
rewwen (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
riewen (infinitive)
riew (first-person indicative present singular)
reew (first-person indicative preterite singular)
riews (indicative present second-person singular)
riewst (indicative present second-person singular)
reews (indicative preterite second-person singular)
reewst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
riew (indicative present singular third-person)
riewt (indicative present singular third-person)
reew (indicative preterite singular third-person)
riewt (indicative plural present)
riewen (indicative plural present)
reewen (indicative plural preterite)
riew (imperative present singular)
riewt (imperative plural present)
riewen (participle present)
rewwen (participle past)
erewwen (participle past)
gerewwen (participle past)

From Middle Low German wrîven, from Old Saxon wrīvan, from Proto-West Germanic *wrīban.

riwen* r erhält ein w vor sich: reiben — wriewen

Präs. Imp. I. Präs. Conj. oder Imp. II. Ind. Particip.— [standing for ick] riew

räwen — reiben— [standing for ick] wriew

nur nicht vermittelst eines Reibeisens: denn das nennen wir riven. … Ik wreef

gerieben. De Ogen uut wriven: sich die Augen reiben: den Schlaf aus den Augen wischen.

sw. = rîwen. se rîget un waschet erane rüm sie reiben und waschen daran herum.

riebe [to add: comma and past participle]

= mir/dir in dative and mich/dich in accusative; = ge-

The dialect has the Eastphalian features meck

in contrary to Westfalen and westfälisch

like Augebombte for Ausgebombte, derSchaumburger Landschaft for der Schaumburger Landschaft, Worterliste for Wörterliste, ostwestwälisch for ostwestfälisch or ostfälisch

is not a common term but elevated/scientific and the text contains several typos

— frīəwen: de hänne frīwen die Hände reiben

rīen

Finnentrop, Attendorn, Kirchhundem, Olpe

(Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch, Eastphalian, Westphalian) (transitive or intransitive) to rub; to chafe

(Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch, Eastphalian, Westphalian) (transitive) to grate


krieten

From Middle Low German krîten, from Old Saxon *krītan, from Proto-Germanic *krītaną. More at cry.


nöken

From Middle Low German *noken, from Old Saxon *hnukōn, from Proto-West Germanic *hnukēn, from Proto-Germanic *hnukāną (“to bend; flex; clump”).


föhlen

From Middle Low German vö̂len, from Old Saxon *fōlian, from Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).


mimereren

From Middle Low German mîmeren, from Old Saxon *mīmarōn, from Proto-Germanic *mīmrōną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer-. More at mimmer.

to reflect; ponder; meditate; muse; brood


föden

From Middle Low German vö̂den, from Old Saxon fōdian, from Proto-West Germanic *fōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *fōdijaną. More at English feed.


tocken

From Middle Low German tocken, tucken, from Old Saxon *tukkōn, from Proto-West Germanic *tukkōn. More at tuck, touch.


smoken

From Middle Low German smōken, smoken, from Old Saxon *smokōn, from Proto-West Germanic *smokōn.


grojen

From Middle Low German grôjen, from Old Saxon *grōian. More at grow.


aisen

aisen (infinitive)
aise (first-person indicative present singular)
aiste (first-person indicative preterite singular)
aises (indicative present second-person singular)
aisest (indicative present second-person singular)
aistes (indicative preterite second-person singular)
aistest (indicative preterite second-person singular)
aise (indicative present singular third-person)
aiset (indicative present singular third-person)
aiste (indicative preterite singular third-person)
aiset (indicative plural present)
aiseen (indicative plural present)
aisten (indicative plural preterite)
aise (imperative present singular)
aisee (imperative present singular)
aiset (imperative plural present)
aisen (participle present)
aiset (participle past)
eaiset (participle past)
geaiset (participle past)

Dat aiset mi.

(transitive, Westphalian) to cause to feel dread


koose

Cognate with East Central German koose, from Latin causārī.


friewen

head

friewen (third-person singular simple present frifft, past tense freew, past participle frewen, auxiliary verb hebben)

frifft (present singular third-person)
freew (past)
frewen (participle past)
hebben (auxiliary)
friewen (infinitive)
friew (first-person indicative present singular)
freew (first-person indicative preterite singular)
friffs (indicative present second-person singular)
friffst (indicative present second-person singular)
freews (indicative preterite second-person singular)
freewst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
friff (indicative present singular third-person)
frifft (indicative present singular third-person)
freew (indicative preterite singular third-person)
friewt (indicative plural present)
friewen (indicative plural present)
frewen (indicative plural preterite)
friew (imperative present singular)
friewt (imperative plural present)
friewen (participle present)
frewen (participle past)
efrewen (participle past)
gefrewen (participle past)

(Westphalian) Alternative form of riewen (“to rub, chafe; to grate”)


quabbeln

Uncertain. Cognate with Middle Dutch kwabbelen (“to lilt, shake, move back and forth”), Saterland Frisian kwabbelje (“to wobble, shake”).

cog

(intransitive) to quiver, tremble; to jiggle


draueln

Origin obscure, but apparently related to Dutch dralen (“to dawdle”).

unk

obscure


giecheln

The exact development is uncertain, but ultimately of imitative origin.
Compare Dutch giechelen, kakelen, and gakken. Compare also Middle Low German gîgelen (“to play the fiddle”), Middle High German gickelen (“to mock, make fun of”), Old High German kichezzen (“to laugh”), Old High German irgickezzen (“to shout, shriek”) (whence modern German gicksen).

onomatopoeic

imitative