ሎሚ

From Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn), which is in dialects also لُومِيّ (lūmiyy).


ተመን

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ተመን • (tämän) (plural ተመናት (tämänat), and አትማን (ʾätman))

Probably regularized from Arabic تَنِّين (tannīn).


ፈረስ

Cognate with Arabic فَرَسٌ (farasun), Hebrew פָּרָשׁ.

cog

Hebrew פָּרָשׁ


ከልብ

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ከልብ • (kalb) m (plural ከለባት (käläbat), and አክልብት (ʾäkləbt), and አክላብ (ʾäklab), and አካልብት (ʾäkaləbt))

kalb (romanization)
ከለባት (plural)
ከልበ (absolute singular)
ከልበከ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ከልበኪ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ከልቦ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ከልበነ (accusative first-person plural possessed-form singular)
ከልበክሙ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ከልበክን (accusative possessed-form singular)
ከለባተ (absolute plural)
አክልብተ (absolute plural)
አክላበ (absolute plural)
አካልብተ (absolute plural)


ዝእብ

ዝእብ • (zǝʾb)


ንስር

nəsr (romanization)
አንስርት (plural)
ንስረ (absolute singular)
ንስረከ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ንስረኪ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ንስሮ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ንስረነ (accusative first-person plural possessed-form singular)
ንስረክሙ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ንስረክን (accusative possessed-form singular)
አንስርተ (absolute plural)


ድብ

ድብ • (dǝbb) m or f (singular and collective, common plural ድባት (dəbbat))

dǝbb (romanization)
and collective (singular)
ድባት (common plural)
ድበ (absolute singular)
ድበከ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ድበኪ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ድቦ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ድበነ (accusative first-person plural possessed-form singular)
ድበክሙ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ድበክን (accusative possessed-form singular)
ድባተ (absolute plural)


ዘነብ

desc

→ Amharic: ዘነብ (zänäb), ዘለብ (zäläb) (learned)

→ Tigrinya: ዘነብ (zänäb) (learned)


በለስ

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በለስ • (bäläs) m or f (plural በለሳት (bäläsat), and አብላስ (ʾäblas))

See also Arabic بَلَس (balas, “fig”), a Yemenite word.


ዘይት

A culture word borrowed from Aramaic זיתא / ܙܝܬܐ (zaytā). According to Leslau it reached Geʿez through Arabic زَيْت (zayt).


እብል

እብል • (ʾəbl)

Unknown, possibly connected to ع ب ل (ʕ-b-l) particularly in the sense of a dog-rose, it being a mountain-plant, and the word for granite, comparing the things said on Hebrew חֹרֶשׁ (ḥóreš, “forest on the mountains etc.”), the lost cognate of which gave rise to the word for the rhinoceros in Ethiopian Semitic.


በቅል

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በቅል • (bäḳl) m or f (plural አብቅል (ʾäbḳəl), and አብቅልት (ʾäbḳəlt))

→ Amharic: በቅሎ (bäḳlo)

desc

→ Argobba: በቅሎ (bäḳlo), በግሎ (bäglo) (Aliyu Amba)

→ Gafat: ብጭለ (bəč̣əlä)

→ Harari: በቀል (bäḳäl)

→ Tigre: በቀል (bäḳäl)

→ Tigrinya: በቕሊ (bäḳʰli), በቍሊ (bäḳʷli), በቅሊ (bäḳli), ብቍሊ (bəḳʷli)

Borrowed from Sabaean 𐩨𐩶𐩡 (bġl) and that probably from Old Arabic بَغْل (baḡl).


ስግድ

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ስግድ • (səgd)

Borrowed from Aramaic שִׁגּדּא (šigdā) / שִׁיגּדּא (šigdā) / ܫܓܕܐ (šegdā), akin to Hebrew שָׁקֵד (šāqḗḏ).

cog

Hebrew שָׁקֵד (šāqḗḏ)


ከርካዕ

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ከርካዕ • (kärkaʿ)

Compare Tigre and Tigrinya ካዕካዕ (kaʿkaʿ) meaning various tree nuts, probably of imitative origin.


ገውዝ

ገውዝ • (gäwz)

Borrowed from Aramaic גוזא / ܓܘܙܐ (gawzā).


ዶርሆ

Connected by Dillmann with Arabic طَيْر (ṭayr).


ለውዝ

ለውዝ • (läwz)


አርዝ

As Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz, “cedar”) borrowed from Aramaic אַרְזָא / ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, “cedar”). It being a tree by far not native to Ethiopia, the word may as well have been understood as any tall tree.

bor

Aramaic אַרְזָא


ቀንአት

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ቀንአት • (ḳännəʾät)

desc

→ Arabic: قِنَّة (qinna, “Ferula; galbanum”) (probably)

From the root of ቀነየ (ḳänäyä, “to acquire”) imagining the resin or oil acquired from the relevant plants. Possibly a phono-semantic matching of Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi) or directly its Egyptian etymon or the Aramaic descendant, with respect to its descendant Amharic ኮማ (koma, “a kind of large Ferula resembling Ferula communis subsp. communis from the leaves of which also cakes are baked”).


ሰገም

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ሰገም • (sägäm)

Related to Tigrinya ስገም (səgäm, “barley”). A Cushitic borrowing, compare Xamtanga sikema, Blin sekma, Awngi simeki.


ቍንፍዝ

ቍንፍዝ • (ḳʷənfəz)


ውዕላ

ውዕላ • (wəʿəla)


ርግብ

ርግብ • (rəgb) f or m (plural አርጋብ (ʾärgab))

Akin to Tigre እርግብ (ʾərgəb), Tigrinya ርግቢ (rəgbi), Amharic ርግብ (rəgb).


መሀር

መሀር • (mähär /məhr/) (plural አመሀረ (ʾämähärä), scilicet *አምሃር (ʾämhar))

mähär (romanization)
məhr (romanization)
አመሀረ (plural)
Aksumite (romanization)

Regularly, spelled with later vowel distinctions, *ምህር (məhr), from Proto-Semitic *muhr-.

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ጠሊ

ጠሊ • (ṭäli) m (feminine ጠሊት (ṭälit), common plural አጣሊ (ʾäṭali))

ṭäli (romanization)
ጠሊት (feminine)
አጣሊ (common plural)


ሀየል

ሀየል • (häyyäl) m or f (singular and collective, common plural ሀየላት (häyyälat))

häyyäl (romanization)
and collective (singular)
ሀየላት (common plural)
ሀየለ (absolute singular)
ሀየለከ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሀየለኪ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሀየሎ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሀየለነ (accusative first-person plural possessed-form singular)
ሀየለክሙ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሀየለክን (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሀየላተ (absolute plural)


ሣሬት

A Cushitic borrowing. Blin saariro, Qimant saari, Awngi sheraani, Oromo sariitii.


እክል

እክል • (ʾəkl) m or f (plural እክላት (ʾəklat))


ሣዕር

ሣዕር • (śaʿr) m or f (plural አሥዕርት (ʾäśʿərt))


ልብን

ልብን • (ləbn)

→ Amharic: ልብን (ləbn)

As this is an otherwise absent root in Ethiopian Semitic, a borrowing in the course of incense trade from Arabic لُبْنَى (lubnā) or Sabaean 𐩡𐩨𐩬𐩺 (lbny) of same meaning.

Styrax officinalis
Styrax officinalis#Translingual

storax (Styrax officinalis, in particular the resin thereof)


ልጓም

ልጓም • (ləgʷam) (plural ልጓማት (ləgʷamat), and አልጓም (ʾälgʷam))

ləgʷam (romanization)
ልጓማት (plural)
ልጓመ (absolute singular)
ልጓመከ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ልጓመኪ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ልጓሞ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ልጓመነ (accusative first-person plural possessed-form singular)
ልጓመክሙ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ልጓመክን (accusative possessed-form singular)
ልጓማተ (absolute plural)
አልጓመ (absolute plural)

Borrowed from a rare Aramaic if not a pre-Islamic borrowing from Arabic لِجَام (lijām).


ትርንጐ

ትርንጐ • (tərəngʷä) (plural ትርንጕ (tərəngʷ))

እንጐታት፡ ፭ዘውእቱ፡ ትርንጕ

15ᵗʰ century manuscript, edited by Sylvain Grébaut, Les trois derniers traités du Livre des Mystères du ciel et de la terre [Book of the Mysteries of the Heaven and the Earth] (Patrologia Orientalis; 6.III (28)), Paris: Firmin-Didot et Cⁱᵉ, published 1911, page 429 last line

Five mountain plums, comparable with citrons

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


ዕንጐት

ዕንጐት • (ʿəngʷät) (plural ዕንጐታት (ʿəngʷätat))

እንጐታት፡ ፭ዘውእቱ፡ ትርንጕ

Bible translations into Geʽez
Song of Solomon


ሥርናይ

ሥርናይ • (śərnay)

A Cushitic loan. In Somali sarreen, sareen, Gedeo sinde, Burji sinde, Saho sinraa, Afar sirnay, sirray, Blin shinraay, Awngi səndayi, Wolaytta sindiya, all meaning wheat.


ተምር

ተምር • (tämr) (collective, singulative ተመርት (tämärt))


ፃፄ

ፃፄ • (ṣ́aṣ́e)

Inconclusively connected to Arabic سُوس (sūs, “moth, worm”). Ge'ez ዕፄ (ʿəṣ́e) also has this meaning but compares to عُثَّة (ʕuṯṯa). Compare Ge'ez ጻጹት (ṣaṣut, “gnat; red ant”).


ጻጹት

Compare Ge'ez ፃፄ (ṣ́aṣ́e, “moth, worm”), which is inconclusively connected to Arabic سُوس (sūs, “moth, worm”).


ዕፄ

ዕፄ • (ʿəṣ́e) m or f (plural ዕፄያት (ʿəṣ́eyat), and ዕፀያት (ʿəṣ́äyat))

Inconclusively connected to Arabic عُثَّة (ʕuṯṯa). Ge'ez ፃፄ (ṣ́aṣ́e) also has this meaning but compares to سُوس (sūs).


ሮማን

ሮማን • (roman) m or f (singulative and collective, plural ሮማናት (romanat))

Probably in Ethiopian Semitic via Aramaic. See Arabic رُمَّان (rummān) for more.


ብርስን

ብርስን • (bərsən)

bərsən (romanization)
ብርስነ (absolute singular)
ብርስነከ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ብርስነኪ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ብርስኖ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ብርስነነ (accusative first-person plural possessed-form singular)
ብርስነክሙ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ብርስነክን (accusative possessed-form singular)


ዐርክት

ዐርክት • (ʿärəkt) (male ዐርክ (ʿärk), and ዓርክ (ʿark), male plural ዐርካን (ʿärkan), female plural ዐርካት (ʿärkat), common plural አዕርክት (ʾäʿrəkt))

ʿärəkt (romanization)
ዐርክ (masculine)
ዐርካን (masculine plural)
ዐርካት (feminine plural)
አዕርክት (common plural)

አነ አርከዳ ቀተልኩ በገይስ ዐርክተ
ʾänä ʾärkäda ḳätälku bä-gäys ʿärəktä

1913, Enno Littmann, editor, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition. Band 4. Sabaische, griechische und altabessinische Inschriften, Berlin: Georg Reimer, page 69 Nr. 63

I, ʾÄrkäda, today morning killed a snake.


አንቄ

Unknown. Akin to Gurage anḳʼət and anḳʼit and Amharic አንቄ (ʾänḳe) and perhaps Arabic أَنُوق (ʔanūq).


ሲላን

Anethum graveolens
Anethum graveolens#Translingual


ሰሊካ

Cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum cassia#Translingual

cassia, Cinnamomum cassia syn. Cinnamomum aromaticum


ባቄላ

Borrowed from Arabic بَاقِلّاء (bāqillāʔ).


ኀንዚር

ኀንዚር • (ḫänzir) m (plural ኀናዚር (ḫänazir))

Borrowed from Arabic خِنْزِير (ḵinzīr) or its Aramaic source. The usual word for pig in Gəʿəz is ሐራውያ (ḥärawəya).


መትከፍት

መትከፍት • (mätkäft) f (plural መታክፍ (mätakəf), and መታክፍት (mätakəft))

Derivative of Proto-West Semitic *katip- f.

(poetical) the yoke as the body part where a beast of burden carries load


ሖመር

ḥomär (romanization)
አሕመር (plural)
ሖመረ (absolute singular)
ሖመረከ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሖመረኪ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሖመሮ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሖመረነ (accusative first-person plural possessed-form singular)
ሖመረክሙ (accusative possessed-form singular)
ሖመረክን (accusative possessed-form singular)
አሕመረ (absolute plural)

Borrowed from Arabic حُمَر (ḥumar, “tamarind”).