mi

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma-j ~ mej (“rice; paddy”).


ia

i- (in-compounds)
iarang (plural)
Singular (proximal)
'this' (proximal)
Plural (proximal)
'these' (proximal)
Singular
'that'
Plural
'those'
ia (nominative proximal)
iarang (nominative proximal)
ua (nominative)
uarang (nominative)
iako (accusative proximal)
iarangko (accusative proximal)
uako (accusative)
uarangko (accusative)
iana (dative proximal)
iarangna (dative proximal)
uana (dative)
uarangna (dative)
iani (genitive proximal)
iarangni (genitive proximal)
uani (genitive)
uarangni (genitive)
iachi (instrumental proximal)
iarangchi (instrumental proximal)
uachi (instrumental)
uarangchi (instrumental)
iano (locative proximal)
iarango (locative proximal)
uano (locative)
uarango (locative)
ianoni (proximal)
ianona (proximal)
iachini (proximal)
iachina (proximal)
ianoniko (proximal)
iachiniko (proximal)
iarangoni (proximal)
iarangona (proximal)
iarangchini (proximal)
iarangchina (proximal)
iarangoniko (proximal)
iarangchiniko (proximal)
uanoni
uanona
uachini
uachina
uanoniko
uachiniko
uarangoni
uarangona
uarangchini
uarangchina
uarangoniko
uarangchiniko


ba

Probably from Bengali বা (ba), which is a short form of কিংবা (kiṅba).


rake

Na·a poraikana rake poriaha!


spin

Cognate with Kokborok siping (“sesame”).


dok

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k-ruk. Cognate with Tibetan དྲུག (drug), Burmese ခြောက် (hkrauk).


bia

head

bia (third person nominative, singular, accusative biko, genitive bini, dative bina)

biko (accusative)
bini (genitive)
bina (dative)
bi- (in-compounds)

From bi- (“third person pronoun”) + -a (“nominalizing suffix used with monosyllabic pronouns”).


bia

Probably borrowed from Bengali বিয়া (biẏa).


chi

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *tɯi¹ (“water”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ti(y), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; liquid; river; to soak; to spit”). Cognate with Atong (India) tyi (“water”), Kokborok twi (“water”).


hai

Hai an·ching nokona re·anga


pong

ladle made from a gourd (used especially for rice beer)


-oni

(inflectional suffix) forms the ablative case


-ona

(inflectional suffix) forms the lative case


apa

Probably cognate with Tibetan ཨ་ཕ (a pha).


ua

u- (in-compounds)
uarang (plural)
Singular (proximal)
'this' (proximal)
Plural (proximal)
'these' (proximal)
Singular
'that'
Plural
'those'
ia (nominative proximal)
iarang (nominative proximal)
ua (nominative)
uarang (nominative)
iako (accusative proximal)
iarangko (accusative proximal)
uako (accusative)
uarangko (accusative)
iana (dative proximal)
iarangna (dative proximal)
uana (dative)
uarangna (dative)
iani (genitive proximal)
iarangni (genitive proximal)
uani (genitive)
uarangni (genitive)
iachi (instrumental proximal)
iarangchi (instrumental proximal)
uachi (instrumental)
uarangchi (instrumental)
iano (locative proximal)
iarango (locative proximal)
uano (locative)
uarango (locative)
ianoni (proximal)
ianona (proximal)
iachini (proximal)
iachina (proximal)
ianoniko (proximal)
iachiniko (proximal)
iarangoni (proximal)
iarangona (proximal)
iarangchini (proximal)
iarangchina (proximal)
iarangoniko (proximal)
iarangchiniko (proximal)
uanoni
uanona
uachini
uachina
uanoniko
uachiniko
uarangoni
uarangona
uarangchini
uarangchina
uarangoniko
uarangchiniko


sa

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik. Cognate with Tibetan གཅིག (gcig), Burmese တစ် (tac).


pal

(follows genitive case -ni) because, on account of


jak

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“hand; arm”). Cognate with Narua lak (“hand”).


-ko

(inflectional suffix) forms the accusative case


-ni

(inflectional suffix) forms the genitive case


-n

Uan re·angaha

Napbabo, da·on!


joka

chibima jokangenga


-na

(inflectional suffix) forms the dative case

Maina na·a rel gariko sraprikjaha?

For what reason did you not catch the train?


-ja

Used on a verb before the case marker to indicate negation.


bate

angna bate dal·a


-o

(inflectional suffix) forms the locative case


ge-

classifier for any object which does not have a special classifer for itself


-e

Skul re·e anga nengbea


rua

rice seedling after removal from seedbed or after transplanting


-ode

Na·a tangka-paisa dongode aro on·ja, mikkigipa ong·a

If you have money and don't give it, you are a miser


sam

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Atong (India) sam.


sam

used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc.


donga

mandi hilhil donga

anga jikko dongjok


sku

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Cognate with Tibetan དགུ (dgu), Burmese ကို (kui).


asa

Borrowed from Bengali আশা (aśa, “hope, expectation”).


rama

to spread (so that the object(s) dry in the sun)


bak

(follows locative case -cha) side, position, in the direction of


kok

kok + si → koksi (“fishing basket”)

Categorizing prefix for types of baskets


bri

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *Brɯi¹ (“four”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj (“four”). Cognate with Tibetan བཞི (bzhi), Burmese လေး (le:).


napa

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip. Cognate with Tibetan ནུབ (nub, “to fall (gradually), sink, to set; to decay, to decline”) and Chinese 入 (rù, “to enter”).


pina

to cover with, spread over (as a blanket, thatch etc.)


wa

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/p-wa. Cognate with Jingpho wa (“tooth”), Burmese သွား (swa:), and Tibetan སོ (so).


aina

From Bengali আয়না (aẏna), from Persian آیینه (âyine).


bila

(intransitive) to fly (of both animate and inanimate entities)


rong

Probably ultimately from Sanskrit रङ्ग (raṅga, “color”)


toa

(transitive) to measure the length, weight


roa

roa (present)
roja (negative present)
rokuja (not-yet-form present)
roama (interrogative not-yet-form present)
rojama (interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
roakon (not-yet-form potential present)
rojakon (negative not-yet-form potential present)
roenga (continuative present)
rojaenga (continuative negative present)
rokujaenga (continuative not-yet-form present)
roengama (continuative interrogative not-yet-form present)
rojaengama (continuative interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
roaengakon (continuative not-yet-form potential present)
rojaengakon (continuative negative not-yet-form potential present)
roaha (past)
rojaha (negative past)
rokujaha (not-yet-form past)
roahama (interrogative not-yet-form past)
rojahama (interrogative negative not-yet-form past)
roahakon (not-yet-form past potential)
rojahakon (negative not-yet-form past potential)
rogen (future)
ronoa (dialectal future)
rojawa (future negative)
rokujawa (future not-yet-form)
rogenma (future interrogative not-yet-form)
ronoama (dialectal future interrogative not-yet-form)
rojawama (future interrogative negative not-yet-form)
rogenkon (future not-yet-form potential)
ronoakon (dialectal future not-yet-form potential)
rojawakon (future negative not-yet-form potential)
ronabaginang (potential)
rojanabaginang (negative potential)
ronajok (intentive)
rojanajok (intentive negative)
rojok (non-past perfect)
rojajok (negative non-past perfect)
roahajok (past perfect)
rojahajok (negative past perfect)
robo (imperative second-person)
ronabe (imperative negative second-person)
rokan (imperative third-person)
rokana (imperative third-person)
rojakan (imperative negative third-person)
rojakana (imperative negative third-person)
robone (formal imperative)
ronabene (formal imperative negative)
rona (infinitive)
rojana (infinitive negative)


sini

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ni-s. Cognate with Burmese ခုနစ် (hku.nac).


raka

From raka (“to be hard”), symbolising how the alphabet represents a hard sound.

the name of an alphabet in Garo, symbolised by a dot or apostrophe representing the glottal stop.


bika

/bi/ or /bik/ forms words meaning 'internal organs'. Cognate with Kokborok bwkha (“liver”).


nok

classifier for families, households, for what is held in a house.


knaa

Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-na


wak

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *bwak, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pwak, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak.


sawa

Na·a sako nikaha?


sawa

Na·a sawa?


gini

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *nɯi⁴ (“two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (“two”). Cognate with Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis), Burmese နှစ် (hnac).


-at-

Abuna; Abuatna


okama

okama (present)
okamja (negative present)
okamkuja (not-yet-form present)
okamama (interrogative not-yet-form present)
okamjama (interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
okamakon (not-yet-form potential present)
okamjakon (negative not-yet-form potential present)
okamenga (continuative present)
okamjaenga (continuative negative present)
okamkujaenga (continuative not-yet-form present)
okamengama (continuative interrogative not-yet-form present)
okamjaengama (continuative interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
okamaengakon (continuative not-yet-form potential present)
okamjaengakon (continuative negative not-yet-form potential present)
okamaha (past)
okamjaha (negative past)
okamkujaha (not-yet-form past)
okamahama (interrogative not-yet-form past)
okamjahama (interrogative negative not-yet-form past)
okamahakon (not-yet-form past potential)
okamjahakon (negative not-yet-form past potential)
okamgen (future)
okamnoa (dialectal future)
okamjawa (future negative)
okamkujawa (future not-yet-form)
okamgenma (future interrogative not-yet-form)
okamnoama (dialectal future interrogative not-yet-form)
okamjawama (future interrogative negative not-yet-form)
okamgenkon (future not-yet-form potential)
okamnoakon (dialectal future not-yet-form potential)
okamjawakon (future negative not-yet-form potential)
okamnabaginang (potential)
okamjanabaginang (negative potential)
okamnajok (intentive)
okamjanajok (intentive negative)
okamjok (non-past perfect)
okamjajok (negative non-past perfect)
okamahajok (past perfect)
okamjahajok (negative past perfect)
okambo (imperative second-person)
okamnabe (imperative negative second-person)
okamkan (imperative third-person)
okamkana (imperative third-person)
okamjakan (imperative negative third-person)
okamjakana (imperative negative third-person)
okambone (formal imperative)
okamnabene (formal imperative negative)
okamna (infinitive)
okamjana (infinitive negative)

Skigipa chatrorangko classona okama.

The teacher calls the students to class.


minga

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-miŋ (“to name, call”). Analyzable as /ming-/ + -a.

inh

to name, call by one's personal name (as opposed to one's family name)


gri

anga gri


segala

to divorce, lit. to get rid of one's husband


-ra

Iara?


iako

From ia + -ko (“accusative case marker that marks the direct object of a clause or sentence”)

suffix

this (accusative singular of ia (“this”))


-ma

Might be somewhat related to Chinese 嗎／吗.

Final particle which turns the sentence into a polar question.


skia

Cognate with Atong (India) ski / syki (to learn, to teach)


dam-

classifier for places: villages, fields, houses, windows, doors


kaa

Analyzable as ka- ('to tie') + -a (verb forming suffix)

to tie, tie with string or flexible bamboo strips

to build by tying (of a fence, barrier in streams)


sam-

classifier for bilateral body parts like eyes and ears.


anga

head

anga (first person nominative, singular, accusative angko, genitive angni, dative angna)

angko (accusative)
angni (genitive)
angna (dative)
ang- (in-compounds)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-j ~ ka.
Analyzable as ang- + -a (“nominalizing suffix used with monosyllabic pronouns”)


-nam

pringnam!


ganti

Possibly related to Bengali ঘণ্টা (ghonṭa)


haguk

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *ɡuk (“grasshopper”).


-osa

Na·a cha·na matchotosa re·angna man·a


matcha

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *mV⁴-sha (“tiger”).


-ba-

shows movement towards speaker in this direction


-ani

cha·a (“to eat”) → cha·ani (“food”)

chanchia (“to think”) → chanchiani (“thought”)

nominalizing suffix that forms abstract nouns from verbs


-chi

(inflectional suffix) forms the instrumental case


dokan

Borrowed from Bengali দোকান (dōkan), from Classical Persian دکان (dukān), from Arabic دُكَّان (dukkān), from Aramaic דוכנא (dukkānāʾ), from Akkadian 𒆠𒍇 (/takkannu, dakkannu, dukkannu/, “dais”), from Sumerian 𒆠𒍇 (/daggan/, “chamber”). Cognate with Hindi दुकान (dukān).


chana

to put on the fire, have on the fire (of a cooking pot)


chana

to track, follow the tracks (as when hunting animals)


indita

Ango indita tangkarang dongja.


-sai

probably, used only in interrogative sentences


biko

From bi- + -ko (“accusative case marker that marks the direct object of a clause or sentence”)

suffix

him, her(accusative singular of bia (“he, she”))


bonga

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa. Cognate with Burmese ငါး (nga:).


gada

From Assamese গাধা (gadha). Cognate with Atong (India) gada.


-kan

tusikan


kena

Perhaps vaguely related to Bengali ঘেন্না (ghenna).


chol

Ian nang·ni bonkamgipa chol ong·a


ak-

classifier for people, occasionally for ghosts, spirits, gods.


me-

Meattam.


bibal

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *baːr (“flower, bloom”). Cognate with Burmese ပန် (pan), Mizo páar.


waa

Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/r/s-wa


sipai

Likely borrowed from Bengali সিপাহী (śipahi).


tangka

Compare Bengali টাকা (ṭaka) (from earlier *টাঁকা (*ṭãka)).


iano

Singular (proximal)
'this' (proximal)
Plural (proximal)
'these' (proximal)
Singular
'that'
Plural
'those'
ia (nominative proximal)
iarang (nominative proximal)
ua (nominative)
uarang (nominative)
iako (accusative proximal)
iarangko (accusative proximal)
uako (accusative)
uarangko (accusative)
iana (dative proximal)
iarangna (dative proximal)
uana (dative)
uarangna (dative)
iani (genitive proximal)
iarangni (genitive proximal)
uani (genitive)
uarangni (genitive)
iachi (instrumental proximal)
iarangchi (instrumental proximal)
uachi (instrumental)
uarangchi (instrumental)
iano (locative proximal)
iarango (locative proximal)
uano (locative)
uarango (locative)
ianoni (proximal)
ianona (proximal)
iachini (proximal)
iachina (proximal)
ianoniko (proximal)
iachiniko (proximal)
iarangoni (proximal)
iarangona (proximal)
iarangchini (proximal)
iarangchina (proximal)
iarangoniko (proximal)
iarangchiniko (proximal)
uanoni
uanona
uachini
uachina
uanoniko
uachiniko
uarangoni
uarangona
uarangchini
uarangchina
uarangoniko
uarangchiniko


angko

From ang- + -ko (“accusative case marker that marks the direct object of a clause or sentence”)


dot-

classifier for posts, lengths of bamboo, stalks, unsplit pieces of firewood, rice seedlings, etc.


kema

Likely borrowed from Bengali ক্ষমা (khoma).


chet

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat. Cognate with Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad), Burmese ရှစ် (hrac).


bisong

head

bisong (third person nominative, plural, accusative bisongko, genitive bisongni, dative bisongna)

bisongko (accusative)
bisongni (genitive)
bisongna (dative)

From bi- (“third person pronoun”) + -song.


paksa

From Sanskrit पक्ष (pakṣa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pakšás, from Proto-Indo-European *peg-só-s, from Proto-Indo-European *peg- (“breast”).


-ku-

yet, indicates that the action is still happening.


ginang

(follows nominative) with, including, along with


taning

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/k-niŋ (“brain, heart, mind”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəw-k (“brain”). Cognate with Nuosu ꀑꆊ (o not, “brain”), Old Chinese 腦 (OC *nuːʔ), Jingpho nu' (“brain”), Drung unu (“brain; mind”), Japhug tɯrnoʁ, S'gaw Karen ခိၣ်နူာ် (khoh̀noọ, “brain”), Burmese ဦးနှောက် (u:hnauk, “brain”).


gori

Borrowed from Bengali ঘড়ি (ghoṛi, “clock”).


jila

From jil + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”).

care for, support, have responsibility for (E.g. children, old people, animals)


pang-

classifier for trees, stalks, individual trunks of a banana plant, plants, rice seedlings.


sre

from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-laj ~ s-lej (“tongue”).


chaa

to grow, to germinate (of seeds and plants)


doka

Ua guitar dokgen


katchi

Cognate with Atong (India) khatchi (“sickle”). .


isol

Isol nambata ong·a.


ফ্রাপ

fig tree, especially mock bodh tree (Ficus rumphii)


-kon

Uamang ianona re·taijawakon.

probably, indicates that the action is not certain.


kan-

classifier for any object which does not fit into any other classifier


বিমুং

Cognate to Burmese မည် (many, “to be named”), အမည် (a.many, “name”) and မှည့် (hmany., “to name”).


জুমাং

head

জুমাং (dźu-maŋ)

Cognate to Tibetan རྨང་ལམ (rmang lam, “dream”), Burmese အိပ်မက် (ipmak, “dream”), မှင်စာသင့် (hmangcasang., “to walk in sleep”) and မှင်တက်မိ (hmangtakmi., “to fall into somnambulism”).

স্বপ্ন স্বপ্ন#Bengali


ওয়াগাম

ওয়াগাম (waɡam)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gam. Cognate to Lepcha ᰑᰨᰃᰩᰮ (fogóm, “molar”), Burmese အံ (am) or အံသွား (amswa:, “molar”).


ওয়াক

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pwak, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak.


খিমিল

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mul, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/r-m(u/i/ja)l.


pakkre

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r)ak ~ r-pak.


ta་mi་lang

From ta་ (“prefix for tubers”, prefix) + mil་ang.


ta་bolchu

From ta་ (“tuber”, prefix) + bol-chu. Cognate with Kokborok thaborchuk (“tapioca”).


kor་gus

Borrowed From Bengali খরগোশ (khorgōś), from Persian خرگوش (xarguš), from Middle Persian 𐭤𐭫𐭢𐭥𐭱 (xar-gōš, “rabbit, hare”).


gipeng

Cognate with Atong (India) gebeng (“width, breadth”).


jakpong

jak- (“arm, hand”) + -pong (“cylindrical”). Cognate with Narua lakpo (“upper arm”).


lunggi

a lungi, a garment wrapped around the waist


an·cheng

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *haŋ²-ceŋ (“sand”).


kramchi

From gram + chi. Cognate with Tibetan རྔུལ་ཆུ (rngul chu).


ha·-

categorizing prefix for land, soil, countryside


somoi

Borrowed from Bengali সময় (śomoẏ, “time”).


king-

classifier for flat things, ears, leaves and esp. for paper and things made from paper, including books, but not cloth.


chang-

classifier for number of times, the number of times something has been done


ding-

classifier for long thin things: hairs, cords, strings, pieces of cane, wire, roads, etc.


makbil

The prefix mat-/ma- is used for many mammals.


me·tra

unmarried woman, young woman, adolescent girl


mateka

The prefix mat- is used for many mammals.


porikka

Borrowed from Bengali পরীক্ষা (porikkha).


gimin

nengbeani gimin

(follows genitive case -ni) because of, due to


ku·sik

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ku(w) (“mouth”). Cognate with Chinese 口 (kǒu, “mouth”), Tangut 𗋈 (*ŋwu², “mouth”).


paksam-

classifier for sides, as sides of a sheet of paper, of a coin.


pak-

classifier for halves, half an areca nut, half a fruit, half lengthwise pieces of bamboo


ka·sop

Cognate with Kokborok bwkhasobom, Atong (India) kha·sop.


do·chi

First element is do·- (“nominalizing affix for birds”)


grong

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *kroŋ¹ (“horn”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/ɡ-(r)wa-ŋ/k/t (“horn; angle; corner”).


-gipa

pi·sako chikgipa achak

the child-biting dog, the dog who bites the child

nominalizing suffix: the one who, those who


-gipa

Nelsonni ma·gipa

suffix for kinship terms when used as a reference, not as a term of address


mikta

(follows genitive case -ni) because, on account of, for that reason


a·samo

angni a·samo


-srang-

i·angsranga


-tom-

jaktoma


dipat

jak be·oni dipat gam rim·na man·jaingjok

I haven't been able to work since breaking my arm

(follows augmented locative -oni). since

ambinona dipat

(follows augmented locative -ona). until, up to, as long as


-nap-

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip. Cognate with Tibetan ནུབ (nub, “to fall (gradually), sink, to set; to decay, to decline”) and Chinese 入 (rù, “to enter”).


na·a

na·a . (canonical)
nang·- (in-compounds)


te·gachu

From te·- + gachu. Possibly cognate with Kokborok thaichuk (“mango”).


pakkrong

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r)ak ~ r-pak.


jakpa

(anatomy) palm of the hand, end of an insect leg


te·brong

From te·- + brong. Cognate with Kokborok thaihpung (“jackfruit”).


-chon-

. Cognate with Tibetan ཆུང (chung)(probably)

small, used with classifiers to form verbs meaning small


si·ol

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-k-ywal (“jackal”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-k-jwal (“jackal”). Or from Bengali শিয়াল (śiẏal, “jackal”). Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-k-jwal (“jackal”) may be related to Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla) (whence Bengali শিয়াল (śiẏal)). Cognate with Atong (India) sial (“jackal”).


namnika

From nam- + -nik- (“see”) + -a (“neutral unmarked tense-aspect marker”).


manderang

From mande (“person, human, Garo person”) + -rang (“plural marker”).


jakkala

From jak- + kal + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”).


jakkaltoa

From jakkal (“use”) + -to- (“good”) + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”).


komia

Bengali কমা (koma). Analyzable as /komi/ + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”).

Taraken somoi gita porika ka·e nina amnirangko komia damo aro taraken a·songni manderangna sokatchinaba aganaha.

to lessen, reduce, come down (as a price)


-rang

mande (“human, person”) → manderang (“people”)

nok (“house”) → nokrang (“houses”)


pil·a

transform, shape-shift (to transform and return back)


i·rurata

From i·- + -rura- (“back and forth”) + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”).


gronga

From grong + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”).


busua

From busu + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”).


atchinga

From atching + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”). Likely a form of onomatopoeia.


-ang-

shows movement away from speaker, in that direction


i·a

From i· + -a (“neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker”).


amikka

someone, an unknown or hypothetical person


bagipa

which, which of several (of people or things)


-chak-

on behalf of, for another person, support


biming

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-miŋ (“to name, call”). .


salgipeng

From sal (“day, sun”) + gipeng (“width”).


chiret

water channel leading to or from rice fields


chiga

spring, stream, pond, place where water is obtained from


chisam

From chi (“water”) + sam (“edge, side”).


ha·kong

From ha·- (“earth”). Probably cognate with Atong (India) ha·khong (“valley”).

low place between hills, (wider than a ha·singsep (valley))


ha·chik

ha·- (“earth”). Probably cognate with Kokborok hachuk (“hill or high land”).


do·o

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”).

Ua do·o bilenga!


wagam

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gam. Cognate to Lepcha ᰑᰨᰃᰩᰮ (fogóm, “molar”), Burmese အံ (am) or အံသွား (amswa:, “molar”).


jumang

Cognate to Tibetan རྨང་ལམ (rmang lam, “dream”), Burmese အိပ်မက် (ipmak, “dream”), မှင်စာသင့် (hmangcasang., “to walk in sleep”) and မှင်တက်မိ (hmangtakmi., “to fall into somnambulism”).

স্বপ্ন স্বপ্ন#Bengali


ki·tap

Probably derived from Assamese কিতাপ (kitap).


dakchaka

From dak (“to do”) + -chak- (“to a person”) + -a.


phrap

fig tree, especially mock bodh tree (Ficus rumphii)


chroka

chroka (present)
chrokja (negative present)
chrokkuja (not-yet-form present)
chrokama (interrogative not-yet-form present)
chrokjama (interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
chrokakon (not-yet-form potential present)
chrokjakon (negative not-yet-form potential present)
chrokenga (continuative present)
chrokjaenga (continuative negative present)
chrokkujaenga (continuative not-yet-form present)
chrokengama (continuative interrogative not-yet-form present)
chrokjaengama (continuative interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
chrokaengakon (continuative not-yet-form potential present)
chrokjaengakon (continuative negative not-yet-form potential present)
chrokaha (past)
chrokjaha (negative past)
chrokkujaha (not-yet-form past)
chrokahama (interrogative not-yet-form past)
chrokjahama (interrogative negative not-yet-form past)
chrokahakon (not-yet-form past potential)
chrokjahakon (negative not-yet-form past potential)
chrokgen (future)
chroknoa (dialectal future)
chrokjawa (future negative)
chrokkujawa (future not-yet-form)
chrokgenma (future interrogative not-yet-form)
chroknoama (dialectal future interrogative not-yet-form)
chrokjawama (future interrogative negative not-yet-form)
chrokgenkon (future not-yet-form potential)
chroknoakon (dialectal future not-yet-form potential)
chrokjawakon (future negative not-yet-form potential)
chroknabaginang (potential)
chrokjanabaginang (negative potential)
chroknajok (intentive)
chrokjanajok (intentive negative)
chrokjok (non-past perfect)
chrokjajok (negative non-past perfect)
chrokahajok (past perfect)
chrokjahajok (negative past perfect)
chrokbo (imperative second-person)
chroknabe (imperative negative second-person)
chrokkan (imperative third-person)
chrokkana (imperative third-person)
chrokjakan (imperative negative third-person)
chrokjakana (imperative negative third-person)
chrokbone (formal imperative)
chroknabene (formal imperative negative)
chrokna (infinitive)
chrokjana (infinitive negative)


agana

agana (present)
aganja (negative present)
agankuja (not-yet-form present)
aganama (interrogative not-yet-form present)
aganjama (interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
aganakon (not-yet-form potential present)
aganjakon (negative not-yet-form potential present)
aganenga (continuative present)
aganjaenga (continuative negative present)
agankujaenga (continuative not-yet-form present)
aganengama (continuative interrogative not-yet-form present)
aganjaengama (continuative interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
aganaengakon (continuative not-yet-form potential present)
aganjaengakon (continuative negative not-yet-form potential present)
aganaha (past)
aganjaha (negative past)
agankujaha (not-yet-form past)
aganahama (interrogative not-yet-form past)
aganjahama (interrogative negative not-yet-form past)
aganahakon (not-yet-form past potential)
aganjahakon (negative not-yet-form past potential)
agangen (future)
agannoa (dialectal future)
aganjawa (future negative)
agankujawa (future not-yet-form)
agangenma (future interrogative not-yet-form)
agannoama (dialectal future interrogative not-yet-form)
aganjawama (future interrogative negative not-yet-form)
agangenkon (future not-yet-form potential)
agannoakon (dialectal future not-yet-form potential)
aganjawakon (future negative not-yet-form potential)
agannabaginang (potential)
aganjanabaginang (negative potential)
agannajok (intentive)
aganjanajok (intentive negative)
aganjok (non-past perfect)
aganjajok (negative non-past perfect)
aganahajok (past perfect)
aganjahajok (negative past perfect)
aganbo (imperative second-person)
agannabe (imperative negative second-person)
agankan (imperative third-person)
agankana (imperative third-person)
aganjakan (imperative negative third-person)
aganjakana (imperative negative third-person)
aganbone (formal imperative)
agannabene (formal imperative negative)
aganna (infinitive)
aganjana (infinitive negative)


rong-

classifier for round objects and fruits (including non-round ones)


kol-

classifier for holes or openings like windows and doorways.


ming-

classifier for ideas and abstract concepts, including songs, colors and spirits


ku·-

classifier for mouths or parts of sentences, as well as flat things like doors and gongs.


-prak

Sakprak baksis man·gen.


gittam

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum. Cognate with Tibetan གསུམ (gsum), Burmese သုံး (sum:).


chiking

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj.


A·chik

Garo people, especially the ones who live in Garo Hills.


greng

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *kreŋ³ (“bone”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɡ-r(w/j)a(ŋ/k) (“bone; skeleton”).


ki·me

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *mei, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *r-may (“tail”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-maj ~ m-raj. Cognate with Atong (India) di•may, Burmese အမြီ (a.mri), Tibetan རྨེད (rmed), Nuosu ꂪ (hmy), Chinese 尾, Mizo mei, Chepang मेः (meʔ), S'gaw Karen မဲၢ် (meẖ).


dal·a

dal·a (present)
dal·ja (negative present)
dal·kuja (not-yet-form present)
dal·ama (interrogative not-yet-form present)
dal·jama (interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
dal·akon (not-yet-form potential present)
dal·jakon (negative not-yet-form potential present)
dal·enga (continuative present)
dal·jaenga (continuative negative present)
dal·kujaenga (continuative not-yet-form present)
dal·engama (continuative interrogative not-yet-form present)
dal·jaengama (continuative interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
dal·aengakon (continuative not-yet-form potential present)
dal·jaengakon (continuative negative not-yet-form potential present)
dal·aha (past)
dal·jaha (negative past)
dal·kujaha (not-yet-form past)
dal·ahama (interrogative not-yet-form past)
dal·jahama (interrogative negative not-yet-form past)
dal·ahakon (not-yet-form past potential)
dal·jahakon (negative not-yet-form past potential)
dal·gen (future)
dal·noa (dialectal future)
dal·jawa (future negative)
dal·kujawa (future not-yet-form)
dal·genma (future interrogative not-yet-form)
dal·noama (dialectal future interrogative not-yet-form)
dal·jawama (future interrogative negative not-yet-form)
dal·genkon (future not-yet-form potential)
dal·noakon (dialectal future not-yet-form potential)
dal·jawakon (future negative not-yet-form potential)
dal·nabaginang (potential)
dal·janabaginang (negative potential)
dal·najok (intentive)
dal·janajok (intentive negative)
dal·jok (non-past perfect)
dal·jajok (negative non-past perfect)
dal·ahajok (past perfect)
dal·jahajok (negative past perfect)
dal·bo (imperative second-person)
dal·nabe (imperative negative second-person)
dal·kan (imperative third-person)
dal·kana (imperative third-person)
dal·jakan (imperative negative third-person)
dal·jakana (imperative negative third-person)
dal·bone (formal imperative)
dal·nabene (formal imperative negative)
dal·na (infinitive)
dal·jana (infinitive negative)


-tai-

grongtaigen!

again, indicates that the verb action has been done before.


-rong-

Anga uako grongronga

habitually, indicates that the verb action is done regularly.


-eng-

Anga cha·a; Anga cha·enga


aganchaka

aganchaka (present)
aganchakja (negative present)
aganchakkuja (not-yet-form present)
aganchakama (interrogative not-yet-form present)
aganchakjama (interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
aganchakakon (not-yet-form potential present)
aganchakjakon (negative not-yet-form potential present)
aganchakenga (continuative present)
aganchakjaenga (continuative negative present)
aganchakkujaenga (continuative not-yet-form present)
aganchakengama (continuative interrogative not-yet-form present)
aganchakjaengama (continuative interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
aganchakaengakon (continuative not-yet-form potential present)
aganchakjaengakon (continuative negative not-yet-form potential present)
aganchakaha (past)
aganchakjaha (negative past)
aganchakkujaha (not-yet-form past)
aganchakahama (interrogative not-yet-form past)
aganchakjahama (interrogative negative not-yet-form past)
aganchakahakon (not-yet-form past potential)
aganchakjahakon (negative not-yet-form past potential)
aganchakgen (future)
aganchaknoa (dialectal future)
aganchakjawa (future negative)
aganchakkujawa (future not-yet-form)
aganchakgenma (future interrogative not-yet-form)
aganchaknoama (dialectal future interrogative not-yet-form)
aganchakjawama (future interrogative negative not-yet-form)
aganchakgenkon (future not-yet-form potential)
aganchaknoakon (dialectal future not-yet-form potential)
aganchakjawakon (future negative not-yet-form potential)
aganchaknabaginang (potential)
aganchakjanabaginang (negative potential)
aganchaknajok (intentive)
aganchakjanajok (intentive negative)
aganchakjok (non-past perfect)
aganchakjajok (negative non-past perfect)
aganchakahajok (past perfect)
aganchakjahajok (negative past perfect)
aganchakbo (imperative second-person)
aganchaknabe (imperative negative second-person)
aganchakkan (imperative third-person)
aganchakkana (imperative third-person)
aganchakjakan (imperative negative third-person)
aganchakjakana (imperative negative third-person)
aganchakbone (formal imperative)
aganchaknabene (formal imperative negative)
aganchakna (infinitive)
aganchakjana (infinitive negative)


-ming

(inflectional suffix) forms the comitative case


han·cheng

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *haŋ²-ceŋ (“sand”). See ha·- (“earth”).


kombol

From Assamese কম্বল (kombol) or Bengali কম্বল (kombol), from Sanskrit कम्बल (kambala).


namengama

Equivalent to nama + -eng- + -ma, lit. Are you being good?


nang·ko mitelbejok

Equivalent to na·a + -ko + mitela + -be- + -jok.


kusi ong·a

Likely borrowed from Bengali খুশি (khuśi, “"happy"”) + ong·a.


poraia

Likely borrowed from Bengali পড়া (poṛa).


chalaia

Likely borrowed from Bengali চলা (cola).


kema ka·a

Likely borrowed from Bengali ক্ষমা (khoma) + Bengali করা (kora).


da·a

Da·o skul re·angna nanga.


-tang-

own, Used to form intensive and reflexive forms of nouns.


kam ka·a

Likely from Assamese কাম (kam) + Assamese কৰ (kor).


ka·a

Likely from Assamese কৰ (kor) or Bengali করা (kora).


bebe ra·a

Likely from Bengali ভেবে (bhebe) + Bengali রাখা (rakha)


golpo ka·a

Likely from Bengali গল্প (golpo) + Bengali করা (kora)


namengaba

Equivalent to nama + -eng- + -ba, lit. Being good.


nang·na namgipa sal ong·china

Equivalent to na·a + -na + nama + -gipa + sal + ong· + -chi + -na


-tok-

Namtokengama?


aguk

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *ɡuk (“grasshopper”).


a·-

(categorizing prefix) land, soil, countryside


ge·-

classifier for any object which does not fit into any other classifier


mande-

classifier for the height of a human being.


a·sel

Ia obostara sani a·sel ong·a?


mikraka

Tusipekaoni basako na·a mikrakgen?

When will you wake up from deep slumber?


nabaa

Sal nabaa


teng·sua

Asikrang teng·suenga


-chim

Ong·achim


-tang

Noktangona re·angenga

Na·a an·tangko sawa ine chanchia?


bari-bagan

From Bengali বাড়ি (baṛi, “home”) + Bengali বাগান (bagan, “garden”).


bohari

Likely related to Assamese বহাৰী (bohari)


apchona

From ap + -chon- + -a. Related to chona.


jonai

Possibly related to Bengali জোনাকি (jonaki, “firefly”).


songsar

Possibly related to Bengali সংসার (śoṅśar)


so·ota

so·ota (present)
so·otja (negative present)
so·otkuja (not-yet-form present)
so·otama (interrogative not-yet-form present)
so·otjama (interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
so·otakon (not-yet-form potential present)
so·otjakon (negative not-yet-form potential present)
so·otenga (continuative present)
so·otjaenga (continuative negative present)
so·otkujaenga (continuative not-yet-form present)
so·otengama (continuative interrogative not-yet-form present)
so·otjaengama (continuative interrogative negative not-yet-form present)
so·otaengakon (continuative not-yet-form potential present)
so·otjaengakon (continuative negative not-yet-form potential present)
so·otaha (past)
so·otjaha (negative past)
so·otkujaha (not-yet-form past)
so·otahama (interrogative not-yet-form past)
so·otjahama (interrogative negative not-yet-form past)
so·otahakon (not-yet-form past potential)
so·otjahakon (negative not-yet-form past potential)
so·otgen (future)
so·otnoa (dialectal future)
so·otjawa (future negative)
so·otkujawa (future not-yet-form)
so·otgenma (future interrogative not-yet-form)
so·otnoama (dialectal future interrogative not-yet-form)
so·otjawama (future interrogative negative not-yet-form)
so·otgenkon (future not-yet-form potential)
so·otnoakon (dialectal future not-yet-form potential)
so·otjawakon (future negative not-yet-form potential)
so·otnabaginang (potential)
so·otjanabaginang (negative potential)
so·otnajok (intentive)
so·otjanajok (intentive negative)
so·otjok (non-past perfect)
so·otjajok (negative non-past perfect)
so·otahajok (past perfect)
so·otjahajok (negative past perfect)
so·otbo (imperative second-person)
so·otnabe (imperative negative second-person)
so·otkan (imperative third-person)
so·otkana (imperative third-person)
so·otjakan (imperative negative third-person)
so·otjakana (imperative negative third-person)
so·otbone (formal imperative)
so·otnabene (formal imperative negative)
so·otna (infinitive)
so·otjana (infinitive negative)

Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat.


ta·-

Categorizing prefix for varieties of tubers


rongdik

earthenware storage pot with no neck and a large mouth, used to store rice

the thick part at the base of a banana trunk


du·dap

a raised earthen platform forming a fireplace in an old-style house


gitchi

a small narrow-bladed hoe, for weeding and digging up roots


do·-

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”). Cognate with S'gaw Karen ထိၣ် (hṭoh̀).

Categorizing prefix for types of birds and things related to birds


nokkap

house site, place where a house can be built


diktom

a large, round, open-mouthed earthenware pot, used for brewing rice beer


gan·sang

platform for an old-style bamboo house, platform for sleeping made from boards of bamboo


joma

(intransitive) to be ill, suffer, have a fever


-man-

Baju, saljatchi ong·manaha!


jotton

Probably vaguely related to Bengali যত্তন (jotton).


jikgala

to divorce, lit. to get rid of one's wife


-najok

Bia katangnajok!


-gija

Iano andalbegija

(literally, “This place is not being very dark”)

negative nominalizing suffix, the one who does not


-cheng-

chi ringchengbo


-so-

Na·a re·so


-kal-

Wakalinga

Anga nang·na bate neng·kala


-bat-

cha·batna


-gimik

Aro a·agimikon ku·siksan, aro aganani apsan ong·achim

And the whole Earth was of one language, and of one speech