te

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


el

o (accusative)
lle (dative)
ile (alternative)
il (alternative)
ele (alternative)

El chove

it (impersonal pronoun, optative subject of impersonal verbs)

Que cousa preciosa! El será pecado?

What a precious thing! Could it be a sin?

it (optatively, can introduce a question)


al

From Old Galician-Portuguese al, from Vulgar Latin *ale, from Latin aliud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.


nada

From Old Galician-Portuguese nada, from Latin (res) nata.


tanto

From Old Galician-Portuguese tanto, from Latin tantus.

so much / so many (a large or excessive amount)


tanto

Lin tantos [libros] coma o meu irmán.

I have read as many [books] as my brother.


las

head

las f pl (feminine singular la, masculine singular lo, masculine plural los)

la (feminine singular)
lo (masculine singular)
los (masculine plural)

From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.

alternative form of as (“the”, feminine plural)


las

alternative form of la (“them”, feminine plural)


si

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.


ti

ti (after a preposition ti, accusative te, dative che)

te (accusative)
che (dative)
tu (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese tu, ti; from Latin tū. The accusative is from Latin tē; one dative form, used after a preposition, from tibi; the other dative form, from metanalysis of the contractions of te + article.


se

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) himself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
himself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) herself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
herself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) oneself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
oneself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) itself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
itself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) themselves

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
themselves

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) each other

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
each other


eu

head

eu (after a preposition min, accusative me, dative me)

me (accusative)
me (dative)
ieu (alternative)
i-eu (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese eu, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Saban todos que yeu Fernan Martinez, Clerigo rector da Yglesia de San Thomas da pescaria da Vila da Cruña

1399, M. González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 580:

Everyone know this, that I Fernán Martinez, rector cleric of the church of Saint Tomas, of the Pescaría (fishery) of the Town of A Coruña


iso

From Old Galician-Portuguese isso, from Latin ipsum, neuter of ipse. Compare Portuguese isso, Spanish eso.

(demonstrative) that (neuter singular of ese)


ela

From Old Galician-Portuguese ela, from Latin illa (“that”), feminine of ille. The dative is from Old Galician-Portuguese lle, from Latin illī.

Ela tén moito dereito.


eles

From Old Galician-Portuguese elles, from Latin illos, from ille (“that”). The dative form is from Latin illīs.

Ora ben , isto está feito, eles están afogados , nós do feito mui pagados anque o feito custe preito.

Well, this is done, they are drowned, we have paid dearly for the deed, even if the deed costs a lawsuit.


elas

From Old Galician-Portuguese ellas, from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille. The dative form is from Latin illīs.


vós

From Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs.

second-person plural nominative personal pronoun; you

De min dom ffernan ffernandez de Lima A vos Pero viçente de Martin meu omme Saude

1310, E. Portela Silva, editor, La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV, Santiago: Tip. El Eco Franciscano, page 384:

From me Don Fernán Fernández de Limia to thee Pedro Vicente de Martín, my man, hail

An que me trataches bén
si'ávesita non pagàs
dou ò demo pè ala poño
nin me alembro de vòs màis.

1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:

Although thou treated me well
If the visit thou don't pay [lit. you (plural) don't pay]
No way I'm putting a feet there
Or remembering thee anymore

(dated, dialectal) thou, thee (an elevated form of you, singular)


nós

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

A min non se me dá nada , al fin nós fixemos ben.


nos

alternative form of os (“them”, masculine plural)


ren

From Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēm nātam, accusative singular of rēs nāta, Latin no thing.


che

From Old Galician-Portuguese che (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria); from an inflected form of Latin tū: the accusative te is from Latin tē, the dative ti from tibi, the dative che emerged by metanalysis from the contraction of te and the article.


res

Non sei res diso.

(rare or dated) nothing (in negative sentences)


algo

From Old Galician-Portuguese algo, from Latin aliquod (“some; a few”).


canto

canto m (feminine singular canta, masculine plural cantos, feminine plural cantas)

canta (feminine singular)
cantos (masculine plural)
cantas (feminine plural)

Documented already in Latin as canthus (“metal tire”), voice that was interpreted as Hispanic or African by Quintilian; in that case, from a hypothetical Proto-Celtic *kantos (compare Welsh cant (“rim”)). Otherwise Latin canthus could perhaps come from Ancient Greek κανθός (kanthós, “corner of the eye”).

der

E sabedes canto tempo tardaron na elecsón?

And do you know how long they took in the election?


todo

From Old Galician-Portuguese todo, from Latin tōtus.

Ogano todo é chover


que

¿Que ves?


tal

From Old Galician-Portuguese tal, from Latin talis.

Nunca tal vin


meu

head

meu m (masculine plural meus, feminine singular miña, feminine plural miñas)

meus (masculine plural)
miña (feminine singular)
miñas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese meu, from Latin meus.

Este coche é meu.

First-person singular possessive pronoun.

Non teño moito, pero o meu é suficiente para vivir.

I don't have much, but mine is enough to live on.

mine (used substantively, with an implied noun)


a

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ambos

From Old Galician-Portuguese ambos, from Latin ambō, ambōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”).


meus

head

meus m pl (masculine singular meu, masculine plural meus, feminine singular miña, feminine plural miñas)

meu (masculine singular)
meus (masculine plural)
miña (feminine singular)
miñas (feminine plural)

Ou meus veciños e amigos!


seu

seu m (masculine plural seus, feminine singular súa, feminine plural súas)

seus (masculine plural)
súa (feminine singular)
súas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese seu, from an older sou (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria; it fell out of use during the 14th century), from Latin suus.

Third-person singular possessive pronoun.

his (that or those belonging to, associated with, related to, or in the possession of him)

hers (that or those belonging to, associated with, related to, or in the possession of her)

theirs (that or those belonging to, associated with, related to, or in the possession of them)


aquel

aquel m (plural aqueles, feminine aquela, feminine plural aquelas, neuter aquilo)

aqueles (plural)
aquela (feminine)
aquelas (feminine plural)
aquilo (neuter)
aquele (alternative)
aquil (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese aquel, from Vulgar Latin *eccum ille, a compound of Latin eccum and ille. Cognate with Portuguese aquele and Spanish aquel, among others.

inh+

Quen é aquel?

Quen é aquela?

Que é aquilo?

What is that [thing/animal/plant over there]?

that over there, yon (far from the speaker and the listener)


cal

From Old Galician-Portuguese cal /qual, from Latin quālis (“which”). Cognate with Portuguese qual and Spanish cual.


onde

From Old Galician-Portuguese onde, from Latin unde (“whence”). Cognate with Portuguese onde and Asturian onde.


nas

alternative form of as (“them”, feminine plural)


vosa

head

vosa f (masculine singular voso, masculine plural vosos, feminine singular vosa, feminine plural vosas)

voso (masculine singular)
vosos (masculine plural)
vosa (feminine singular)
vosas (feminine plural)

inh

you <abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr>


túa

head

túa f (masculine singular teu, masculine plural teus, feminine singular túa, feminine plural túas)

teu (masculine singular)
teus (masculine plural)
túa (feminine singular)
túas (feminine plural)


pouco

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pouco, from Latin paucus, from Proto-Italic *paukos, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few”, “little”). Compare Portuguese pouco and Spanish poco.

der

ponlle papuxas de farellos coytas en vinagre et con pouco de seuo

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 147:

apply a poultice of bran boiled in vinegar, with a little of tallow

— [...] despois poñíanvos na tortura do potro, atandovos antes os pés e as más; despois levabades oito garrotes; e si con todo esto non confesabades, fasíanvos tragar unha chea d'agua para que arremedásedes os afogados. Mais esto era pouco, que remataban a festa poñendovos os pés encoiro untados de pingo nun sepo, e despois traían unha chea de lume pra frixílos, ou pra poñerllo debaixo, e outras mil xudiadas, tanto que ás veses nin aínda lles permitían confesarse.
—¡Ave María! Eu confesaría o que me preguntasen, aún cando no'fixese.
—Eu o mesmo.

1813, anonymous author, Conversa no Adro da Igrexa:

— [The Inquisition:] after this they would take you to the rack, tying your hands and your feet; after this they would hit you eight times with a club; and if, in spite of this, you didn't confess, then they obliged you to shallow a large quantity of water as if you should imitate a drowned man. But this was not enough, because they ended the celebration putting your bare feet, buttered with lard, in a clamp, and they would bring a large fire for frying them, or for putting them under it; and another thousand mean things. They even sometimes don't allowed them to confess.
—Ave María! I would admit anything they would ask, even if I had not done it.
—Me too.


cantas

head

cantas f pl (masculine singular canto, feminine singular canta, masculine plural cantos)

canto (masculine singular)
canta (feminine singular)
cantos (masculine plural)


canta

canta f (masculine singular canto, masculine plural cantos, feminine plural cantas)

canto (masculine singular)
cantos (masculine plural)
cantas (feminine plural)


teu

teu m (masculine singular teu, masculine plural teus, feminine singular túa, feminine plural túas)

From Old Galician-Portuguese teu, from Latin tuus.


convosco

From Old Galician-Portuguese convosco, from con + vosco, the latter from Vulgar Latin vōscum, from Latin vōbīscum.


cantos

cantos m pl (masculine singular canto, feminine singular canta, feminine plural cantas)

canto (masculine singular)
canta (feminine singular)
cantas (feminine plural)

Cantos ovos lle mercaches?


lle

gl:3rd person indirect objective pronoun

gl:2nd person indirect objective pronoun


nosoutros

nosoutros m (accusative nos, dative nos)

From nós + outros. Compare Spanish nosotros.


nosoutras

nosoutras f (accusative nos, dative nos)


vosoutros

vosoutros m (accusative vos, dative vos)

From vós + outros. Compare Spanish vosotros.


vosoutras

vosoutras f (accusative vos, dative vos)


noso

noso m (masculine singular noso, masculine plural nosos, feminine singular nosa, feminine plural nosas)

noso (masculine singular)
nosos (masculine plural)
nosa (feminine singular)
nosas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese nosso, from Vulgar Latin *nossus, from Latin nostrum, accusative of noster (“our”). Compate Portuguese nosso and Spanish nuestro.

Este é o noso fillo. É noso.

Este é un noso fillo.

This is one of our sons / This is one son of ours.

Et avedesla de lavrar e provar de pees de bona fruge e de madeira pertesçentemente, nin das mellores nin das piores, das testadas, et avedesla de estercar cada des annos huna ves per onde vay o rio e pero onde viren que compre a vista de huun noso fraire.

1422, J. García Oro, editor, Viveiro en los siglos XIV y XV. La Colección Diplomática de Santo Domingo de Viveiro, Estudios Mindonienses, 3, page 82:

and you should work it and populate it with vines of good lineage and with wood correspondingly, neither of the best nor of the worst ones, of the headed ones; and you shall manure them each ten years, once by the way of the river and wherever it is needed, at the survey of one of our friars.


nosa

nosa f (masculine singular noso, masculine plural nosos, feminine singular nosa, feminine plural nosas)

From Old Galician-Portuguese nossa, from Vulgar Latin *nossa, from Latin nostra(m), feminine of noster (“ours”).


nosos

nosos m pl (masculine singular noso, masculine plural nosos, feminine singular nosa, feminine plural nosas)


nosas

nosas f pl (masculine singular noso, masculine plural nosos, feminine singular nosa, feminine plural nosas)

From Latin nostra, feminine of noster (“ours”).


voso

voso m (masculine singular voso, masculine plural vosos, feminine singular vosa, feminine plural vosas)

From Old Galician-Portuguese vosso, from Latin *vossus, from Latin voster, vostrum.


vosos

vosos m pl (masculine singular voso, masculine plural vosos, feminine singular vosa, feminine plural vosas)


vosas

vosas f pl (masculine singular voso, masculine plural vosos, feminine singular vosa, feminine plural vosas)


seus

seus m pl (masculine singular seu, masculine plural seus, feminine singular súa, feminine plural súas)

seu (masculine singular)
seus (masculine plural)
súa (feminine singular)
súas (feminine plural)


súa

súa f (masculine singular seu, masculine plural seus, feminine singular súa, feminine plural súas)

From Old Galician-Portuguese sua, from Latin sua, feminine of suus.


súas

súas f pl (masculine singular seu, masculine plural seus, feminine singular súa, feminine plural súas)


teus

teus m pl (masculine singular teu, masculine plural teus, feminine singular túa, feminine plural túas)


túas

túas f pl (masculine singular teu, masculine plural teus, feminine singular túa, feminine plural túas)


miña

miña f (masculine singular meu, masculine plural meus, feminine singular miña, feminine plural miñas)

From Old Galician-Portuguese mĩa, miña, from Latin mea (“my, mine”).

Esta é a miña casa.

A casa é miña.

Miña raíña, que tes?


alguén

From Old Galician-Portuguese alguen, from Latin aliquis, influenced by quen (“who”). Compare Portuguese alguém and Spanish alguien.


ninguén

Attested since the 13th century. From Latin nec (“not any”) + quem (“whom”). Cognate with Portuguese ninguém.


moito

From Old Galician-Portuguese muito, moito, from Latin multus. Compare Portuguese muito.

muito (alternative)
mutio (alternative)
muto (alternative)

Seu irmán nunca ten moito que dicir.

Non hai pouco que non abaste nin moito que non se acabe

There is no little that doesn't suffice nor much that doesn't run out.

much, a lot (a large amount or a great extent)


vostede

vostede m or (canonical feminine singular)
vostedes (plural)
Vde. (alternative)
vosté (alternative)
usté (alternative)

Attested since 1671 (bosastede). Borrowed and adapted from Spanish vuesasted or some similar variant, from the addressing form vuestra merced (“your grace”). The expected result from the inherited equivalent vossa mercee would be *vocé, but it seems to never have developed, the usual form being vós until Spanish borrowings started replacing it. Compare Catalan vostè, Portuguese você, Spanish usted.

De onde é vostede?

Señora may (os luceyros
Din) vostede s'afrontou
Sen causa, porque esta loyta
Ll'a de dar mais relumbros.

1697, José Gil Taboada, Grande loita de luceiros:

Lady mother -the luminaries
Say- your grace took offense
With no motive, because this fight
Will give you more shine


vostedes

vostedes m pl or f pl (singular vostede)


aqueste

aqueste m (feminine aquesta, masculine plural aquestes, feminine plural aquestas)

aquesta (feminine)
aquestes (masculine plural)
aquestas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese aqueste (“this”), from Vulgar Latin *eccum iste, from Latin eccum with iste.


quen

Quén viu nunca en sacolorio unha cousa coma esa?

Who has ever seen anything like that in real life?

(interrogative) who; whom (which person?)


cuxo

head

cuxo m (feminine cuxa, masculine plural cuxos, feminine plural cuxas)

cuxa (feminine)
cuxos (masculine plural)
cuxas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese cujo, from Latin cuius, a genitive of quī (“which”) which had been used adjectivally since at least the time of Plautus. cp. Ancient Greek ποῖος (poîos), both from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís.


algunha cousa

From Old Galician-Portuguese algũa cousa. Compare Portuguese alguma coisa, Spanish alguna cosa.

Dime algùnha còusa dòce
como habes doito, é catá,
que si así no no fazèdes,
me escatìmo, é velo hàs.
Ven sabedes, vaiche bòa!
como estas cousas se fàn,
è madia tendes, senon
eu êime de encabuxar.

Tell me something sweet
As you use to, but beware,
if you don't do it like that
I'll take offence, you'll see.
You know well, it could not be otherwise!
how these things are done,
no doubt about it or else
I'll go mad.


cada quen

Cada quen vai buscando o seu camiño,

2006, Malandrómeda, Mamá Mandanga [song]

Everyone is finding their own path,
Ones with drugs, others with wine


cadanseu

cadanseu m (masculine singular cadanseu, masculine plural cadanseus, feminine singular cadansúa, feminine plural cadansúas)

cadanseu (masculine singular)
cadanseus (masculine plural)
cadansúa (feminine singular)
cadansúas (feminine plural)

From cada + un + o + seu, "each one his/her own".

Os premiados recolleron cadanseus galardóns

[Each one of] The winners collected [each one of] their awards

(possessive) each one his/hers/its/their own


can nin gato

Attested since the 16th century. Literally, “dog neither cat”. Compare Portuguese nem cão nem gato.

Con este tempo non sae can nin gato

With a weather like this absolutely no one will go out

Febreiriño corto cos teus días vinte e oito, si duraras máis catro non paraba can nin gato

Short February with days twenty-eight; if you were four larger, no one would endure you

desa sorte
 pareze que todo e morte
 pois non queda can nen gato
 que mirando ben seu trato
 en todo non desconforte

1596, anonymous author, Diálogo de Alberte e Bieito:

In this way
 it looks as it everything is death
 since there is no one
 that examining their own trade
 doesn't feel distressed

non hai can nin gato que non o teña por un forte calrista

1836, anonymous author, Diálogo da alameda (3º):

there is absolutely no one that doesn't regards him as a strong Carlist supporter


un ao outro

[ˈuŋ ɔˈou̯tɾʊ]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese un ao outro (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria).

inh+

Eu ohín a duas vellas en San Roque, que lle dixo unha-á outra "¿Qu'hay fulana? ¿Ohíche ó sarmon domingo? ¿Que che pareceo de èl?"

1777, anonymous author, Romance da urca de Santo Antón, page 10:

I heard two old ladies in San Roque, telling one another "What's up, so-and-so? Did you heard the Sunday's sermon? What do you think of it?"

each other; one another (reciprocal pronoun)


si mesmo

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese si mesmo.