tebras

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese tẽevras (Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin tenebrae, tenebrās. Cognate with Portuguese trevas and Spanish tinieblas.

Senor, pela tua morte somos liures da grande escuridade et teeura en que eramos, porlo pecado de nossos primeyros padres

c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 679:

Lord, by your dead we are free of the big obscurity and darkness where we were because of the sin of our first parents


vulgaridade

(uncountable) commonness, the quality of being common or vulgar

(countable) a vulgarity; an expression or action expected of a commoner


vulgarismo

vulgarism (spelling, word, or phrase considered improper or incorrect for formal communication)


antiglobalista

gl-noun

antiglobalista m or f by sense (plural antiglobalistas)

(politics) antiglobalist, anti-globalization (a proponent of antiglobalism)


xota

Cognate with Spanish jota, from Mozarabic *šáwta (“jump”), from Latin saltō (“I dance”).

a popular dance with a lively rhythm, common in Aragon, Navarre, and Valencia

barb, the backwards point of the fishhook


viñateiro

viñateiros (plural)
vinhateiro (alternative)

a vine-grower; person who grows grapes for making wine


virxinidade

From Old Galician-Portuguese virgiidade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin virginitas. Cognate with Portuguese virgindade and Spanish virginidad.

Ano de oytenta e quatro, a oyto dias de agosto, ena Rúa Nova da çibdad d'Ourense, Fernán de Moure, mercador, e sua muller Lionor Gonçalues e seu fillo Afonso de Moure, que todos tres estaban presentes, moradores en Chantada, huus con liçençia dos outros e os outros dos outros, espeçialmente o dito Afonso de Moure, con liçençia e outorgamento e consentimiento dos ditos seus padre e madre, dou en arras e en pura doaçón a Elvira , filla de Afonso de Prado e de sua muller Elvira Fernandes que sya nóbea en tanbo, eno sotó das casas de Lopo de Deça, canónigo, que son ena dita Rúa Nova, por vyrgynidade do seu corpo, os lugares de Faluche, con seus caseyros e casas e herdades e términos

1484, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 184:

Year the eighty-four, eight days of August, in the Rúa Nova [New Street] of the city of Ourense, Fernán de Moure, merchant, and his wife Leonor González and their son Afonso de Moure, all the three present, inhabitants in Chantada, with mutual license, especially said Afonso de Moure with the license and grant and consent of said his father and his mother; he gave in dowry as pure donation to Elvira, daughter of Afonso de Prado and of his wife Elvira Fernández, being the bride in the nuptial chamber in the ground floor of the houses of Lopo de Deza, canon, which are in said Rúa Nova, for the virginity of her body, the hamlet of Faluche, with its tenants and houses and properties and limits


vitalidade

Learned borrowing from Latin vitalitas, vitalitatem, equivalent to vital + -idade.


zapateiro

gl-noun

zapateiro m (plural zapateiros, feminine zapateira, feminine plural zapateiras)

zapateiros (plural)
zapateira (feminine)
zapateiras (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from zapato (“shoe”) + -eiro. Cognate with Portuguese sapateiro and Spanish zapatero.


polaina

From French poulaine (“footwear”), from Old French poulanne (“hide from Poland”).

der

Palurdos que vos vestides,
Como eu, de sayo de lá,
Polainas, zocos, monteira,
E un bo baloco na man

1820, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Os servís e os liberás:

Rustics that wear,
as myself, with a woolen robe,
gaiters, clogs, cap
and a good staff in hand


daltónico

gl-noun

daltónico m (plural daltónicos, feminine daltónica, feminine plural daltónicas)

daltónicos (plural)
daltónica (feminine)
daltónicas (feminine plural)


vasalo

From Old Galician-Portuguese vassalo, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”) (attested locally at least since the 10th century), from Gaulish uassos (“young man, squire”).

der

et seermus nos Lourenz'Aras et Marina Martin vosos vasalos et sen outro Señor

1275, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Domínguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 366:

and we, Lourenzo Aras and Mariña Martín, will be your vassals and not of any other lord


aguacil

[ɑ.ɣ̞waˈθiɫ]

[ɑ.ɣ̞waˈθiɫ]

From Andalusian Arabic الوَزِير (al-wazīr), from Arabic وَزِير (wazīr, “minister”). Compare Spanish alguacil and Italian aguzzino.


aspersorio

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin aspergillum.

bor+

aspergillum (implement for sprinkling holy water)


cornudo

gl-noun

cornudo m (plural cornudos, feminine cornuda, feminine plural cornudas)

cornudos (plural)
cornuda (feminine)
cornudas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese cornudo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from corno (“horn”) + -udo.


cornudo

Sphyrna zygaena
Wikispecies:Sphyrna zygaena


malla

From Old Galician-Portuguese malla (13th century, Alfonso X), borrowed from Old French maille (“mesh, loop”), from Vulgar Latin *macla, from Latin macula (“stain”). Doublet of mágoa and malla.

(uncountable) mesh (structure made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material, with evenly spaced openings between them)


malla

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *macla, from Latin macula (“stain”). Doublet of mágoa.

Esta mazá non ten unha malla preta!


malla

Attested since the 15th century. Deverbal from mallar (“to thresh”).


urxencia

urxencias (plural)
urgência (alternative)


libra esterlina

libra esterlina f (plural libras esterlinas)

pound sterling (currency of the United Kingdom)


librepensador

librepensador m (plural librepensadores, feminine librepensadora, feminine plural librepensadoras)

librepensadores (plural)
librepensadora (feminine)
librepensadoras (feminine plural)

From libre (“free”) + pensador (“thinker”).


breixo

Ultimately from Vulgar Latin *broccium. Perhaps an adaptation of Spanish brezo.

heather, especially any of several shrub species in the genus Erica


multimillonario

multimillonario m (plural multimillonarios, feminine multimillonaria, feminine plural multimillonarias)

multimillonarios (plural)
multimillonaria (feminine)
multimillonarias (feminine plural)


disentería

(pathology) dysentery (disease characterised by inflammation of the intestines)


cerreta

cerretas (plural)
farreta (alternative)
ferreta (alternative)
sarreta (alternative)
xarreta (alternative)
zarreta (alternative)

From cerro (“spine bone / dorsal fin”) + -eta.

suffix

Pollachius pollachius
Pollachius pollachius#Translingual

European pollock (Pollachius pollachius)


bouta

From Proto-Celtic *bowā. Compare German Kot (“feces”), Welsh budr (“filthy”).

mixture of cattle manure and water once used as sealant

the filth formed in a millstone due to the humidity of the grain


ximnasio

gymnasium (large room or building for indoor sports)


túzaro

gl-noun

túzaro m (plural túzaros, feminine túzara, feminine plural túzaras)

túzaros (plural)
túzara (feminine)
túzaras (feminine plural)
túçaro (alternative)

unk

Obscure


trotskismo

From Russian Тро́цкий (Tróckij) + -ismo (“-ism”), after Leon Trotsky.


partición

particións (plural)
partiçom (alternative)
partição (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin partītiō, partītiōnem.

lbor

partition; effect of dividing or partitioning


trunfo

Salirán cando volvades,
Para traervos en trunfo
Con gaitas e con ferreñas,
Todal as Mozas de rumbo.

1808, anonymous author, Un labrador que foi sarxento:

They'll come out on your return,
for bringing you in triumph
with bagpipes and zills,
all the girls along the way


quebradura

From Old Galician-Portuguese, through metathesis from Late Latin crepātūra, from Latin crepō.


crebadura

From Late Latin crepatura, from Latin crepō.


creba

First attested in the 15 century (quebra). Deverbal from quebrar.

1437, A. Rodríguez González (ed.), Livro do Concello de Pontevedra (1431-1463). Pontevedra: Museo de Pontevedra, page 93

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

se algua quebra fose feita ena dita renda


queima

Et os que ende poderõ escapar daquela queyma fugirõ cõ algũus dos seus navios, et escaparõ fogindo pelo mar.

c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 13:

And the ones that could escape of said burning fled away with some of their ships, and got out fleeing by the sea

(games) furrow or line marked on the ground


queimadura

Attested since circa 1409. From queimar (“to burn”) + -dura

qeimar aquel lugar con fero ao longo et ao traues et faras as queimaduras espesas conuiniuelmente como uyres que mester faz

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 129:

you shall burn that place [of the horse] with an iron, along and across, and you will make the burns conveniently thick, as you see fit

a burn (injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals)


quenlla

quenllas (plural)
quella (alternative)
quenlha (alternative)

From Latin canicula (“dogfish, shark”), diminutive of canis (“dog”).


quenlla

quenllas (plural)
quenlle (alternative)
quenlha (alternative)

From Latin canalicula (“gutter”), diminutive of canālis (“channel”).


quilogramo

From quilo- (“kilo”) + gramo (“gram”), calqued from French kilogramme.


serenidade

From sereno + -idade, or from Latin serēnitās, serēnitātem (“serenity; fine weather”).


tranquilidade

From Latin tranquillitās (“quietness, tranquility”).


cachaza

→ Spanish: cachaza

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cachaça, from cacha (“head”) + -aza. Compare Portuguese cachaço.

inh+

superlative calmness or slowness; phlegm


sosego

a personal state of calmness and peacefulness


trompetista

gl-noun

trompetista m or f (plural trompetistas)

trumpeter; a musician who plays the trumpet


basculla

bascullas (plural)
bascullo (alternative)
basculha (alternative)


biblista

biblista m or f by sense (plural biblistas)


adúltero

adúltero m (plural adúlteros, feminine adúltera, feminine plural adúlteras)

adúlteros (plural)
adúltera (feminine)
adúlteras (feminine plural)


triunfador

triunfador m (plural triunfadores, feminine triunfadora, feminine plural triunfadoras)

triunfadores (plural)
triunfadora (feminine)
triunfadoras (feminine plural)


triunfadora

female equivalent of triunfador (“winner”)


tríscele

trísceles (plural)
trísquel (alternative)

From Ancient Greek τρισκελής (triskelḗs, “three-legged”).


bostoniano

gl-noun

bostoniano m (plural bostonianos, feminine bostoniana, feminine plural bostonianas)

bostonianos (plural)
bostoniana (feminine)
bostonianas (feminine plural)


trindade

trindades (plural)
trinidade (alternative)

[t̪ɾin̪ˈd̪a.ð̞ɪ]

(religion) a trinity, triad, especially a group of three deities


triloxía

triloxías (plural)
trilogia (alternative)


triángulo amoroso

triángulo amoroso m (plural triángulos amorosos)


triángulos amorosos

triángulo amoroso
triángulo amoroso#Galician


tribulación

tribulacións (plural)
tribulaçom (alternative)
tribulação (alternative)

Borrowed from Late Latin tribulatio, tribulationem, from Latin tribulo.


trebón

From metathetical alteration of torbón, from Old Galician-Portuguese torvon (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *turbōnem (“whirlwind”), accusative of Latin turbō, turbinem, with altered declension. Compare Portuguese trovão, Spanish turbión (archaic or dialectal turbón). Cf. also turbina.


treboada

treboadas (plural)
terboada (alternative)
torbada (alternative)
torboada (alternative)
traboada (alternative)
trebonada (alternative)
troboada (alternative)
turboada (alternative)

From trebón + -ada. Cognate with Portuguese trovoada.


traxedia

traxedias (plural)
tragédia (alternative)

[t̪ɾaˈʃɛ.ð̞jɐ]


trastorno bipolar

gl-noun

trastorno bipolar m (plural trastornos bipolares)


trastornos bipolares

trastorno bipolar
trastorno bipolar#Galician


transpiración

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin transpiratio, transpirationem, from transpiro, from Latin trans + spiro.


transgresor

gl-noun

transgresor m (plural transgresores, feminine transgresora, feminine plural transgresoras)

transgresores (plural)
transgresora (feminine)
transgresoras (feminine plural)
transgressor (alternative)


transgresora

female equivalent of transgresor (“transgressor”)


transgresión

Learned borrowing from Latin trānsgressiōnem.


bruxa

gl-noun

bruxa f (plural bruxas, masculine bruxo, masculine plural bruxos)

bruxas (plural)
bruxo (masculine)
bruxos (masculine plural)

Attested since circa 1750. Uncertain. Possibly from Iberian/Celtiberian *bruxtia (compare Portuguese, Mirandese, Aragonese, and Asturian bruxa; Spanish bruja; Catalan bruixa and Occitan bruèissa), from Proto-Celtic *brixtā (“spell, magic”) (compare Old Irish bricht (“charm”), Old Breton brith (“magic”))

eu sen ser pieira, nen pensare en sé-lo, nen meiga nen bruxa, nen cousa do demo

1746, Martín Sarmiento, Coloquio de 24 gallegos rústicos, page 144:

I, who am not a sorceress, nor have I though of being one, nor a witch nor a hex, nor Devil's business

Meigas, feitizos e bruxas
que persigue a Inquisicion,
sin mascara, socaliñas
de cregos e frades son.
Chamanlles bruxas à ás vellas
por ter cara de carton;
pero solamente hay meygas
en donde hay Inquisicion.
As femias da nosa especie
de certa constitucion
fan visaxes, e son tolas,
pero feitizeiras non.

1813, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Rogos dun galego:

Witches, spells and hexes,
who are prosecuted by the Inquisition,
maskless, hoaxes
of priests and friars are.
They call hex an old lady
because her face is made of cardboard;
but there are witches
just where it is Inquisition.
Females of our species,
of certain constitution,
make gestures, and are mad,
but sorceresses they are not.


misericórdia

reintegrationist spelling of misericordia


entomólogo

entomólogo m (plural entomólogos, feminine entomóloga, feminine plural entomólogas)

entomólogos (plural)
entomóloga (feminine)
entomólogas (feminine plural)

entomologist (scientist who studies insects)


estanflación

Calque of English stagflation, from estancamento + inflación.


tomento

Attested since 1321. From Latin tōmentum.


heroi

heroi m (plural herois, feminine heroína, feminine plural heroínas)

herois (plural)
heroína (feminine)
heroínas (feminine plural)
heroe (alternative)
herói (alternative)

From Latin hērōs (“hero”), from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs, “demi-god, hero”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to watch over, protect”).


cacharro

Ven, vamos tomar uns cacharros!


toponimia

(linguistics, uncountable) toponymy (the study of placenames)

(linguistics) toponymy (the set of placenames in a region)


penca

Probably onomatopoeic. Compare Spanish peca.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


prevención

prevencións (plural)
prevençom (alternative)
prevenção (alternative)


edificación

edificacións (plural)
edificaçom (alternative)
edificação (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin aedificātiōnem.


barricada

barricade (a barrier constructed across a road, especially as a military defence)


celtismo

ALGUNS PRECEDENTES DO CELTISMO GALEGUISTA

Raquel Bello Vázquez, Celtismo e saudade como repertórios míticos en Otero Pedrayo, in 2000, José Luis Rodriguez, Estudios dedicados a Ricardo Carvalho Calero, volume 2, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, page 91

O CELTISMO EN GALICIA CORROBORADO POLA ARQUEOLOXÍA

O rego da cultura in January-March, 1983, Grial, Galaxia, page 123

CELTISM IN GALICIA CORROBORATED BY ARCHAEOLOGY

(anthropology, archaeology) the study of Celtic culture

Do mesmo xeito que non podemos saber, por exemplo, se angúns celtismos incorporados ó léxico latino da Romania chegaron a nós co propio latín ou se xa estaban presentes no léxico da Gallaecia prerromana, […]

Gonzalo Navaza, Toponimia prelatina na documentación medieval de Galicia, in 2009, Dieter Kremer, Coloquio Sobre Onomástica Galega, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, page 215

In the same way that we can’t know, for example, whether some celticisms incorporated into the Latin lexicon of the Latin-speaking sphere reached us from Latin itself or whether they were already present in the lexicon of pre-Roman Gallaecia, […]

(linguistics) Celticism (a word of Celtic origin)


externalización

gl-noun

externalización f (plural externalizacións)


kiribatiano

kiribatiano m (plural kiribatianos, feminine kiribatiana, feminine plural kiribatianas)

kiribatianos (plural)
kiribatiana (feminine)
kiribatianas (feminine plural)


cristián

cristián m (plural cristiáns, feminine cristiá, feminine plural cristiás)

cristiáns (plural)
cristiá (feminine)
cristiás (feminine plural)
cristiao (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese christião, borrowed from Latin Christiānus; compare the archaic semi-learned Old Galician / Old Galician-Portuguese crischão, common during the low Middle Ages.

Os animais son coma os cristiáns


humanidade

humanidades (plural)
humanidá (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese humanidade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), itself borrowed from Latin hūmānitātem (“humanity”).


cibernauta

gl-noun

cibernauta m or f by sense (plural cibernautas)

(computing) Internet user, netizen, cybercitizen, internaut, cybernaut


citarista

citarista m or f by sense (plural citaristas)


ditongo

From Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos, “two sounds”).

uder

(phonetics) diphthong (a complex vowel sound)


zapa

Probably from Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (English tap, German Zapfen, "bung"); compare the doublets tapa and tampa.


cartógrafo

gl-noun

cartógrafo m (plural cartógrafos, feminine cartógrafa, feminine plural cartógrafas)

cartógrafos (plural)
cartógrafa (feminine)
cartógrafas (feminine plural)

cartographer (one who makes maps or charts)


palerma

beating, bashing (the action by which someone or something is beaten)


carpín

Ultimately from Italian scarpa (“shoe”), from Proto-Germanic *skarpaz.

thick woolen sock usually worn with clogs


coiote

From Spanish coyote, from Nahuatl coyotl.


enteado

enteado m (plural enteados, feminine enteada, feminine plural enteadas)

enteados (plural)
enteada (feminine)
enteadas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese entẽado, from Latin ante nātus (“born before”).


oitava

From Old Galician-Portuguese oitavo, from Latin octāvus (“one-eighth”), q.v. As a unit of measure, named in reference to making up one-eighth of the onza (Spanish ounce). Cognate with Spanish ochava, Catalan octava, and Portuguese oitava.

(historical) ochava, a traditional Spanish unit of mass equal to ¹⁄₈ of the Spanish ounce


chave inglesa

chave inglesa f (plural chaves inglesas)

adjustable spanner (UK), adjustable wrench (US), adjustable wrench (US), crescent spanner (AU, NZ)


luva

13th century. From Gothic 𐌻𐍉𐍆𐌰 (lōfa, “palm of the hand”), from Proto-Germanic *lōfô (“palm of the hand”). Alternatively, from Suevic [Term?] *glufa, from Proto-Germanic *galōfô (compare dialectal Spanish goluba).

der

c. 1350, Kelvin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto "Padre Sarmiento", page 184

And when he saw that it was time to go, he snatched a glove from her hand

Et quando veu que se aviã de partir, arrebatou lle hũa luba da maão

c. 1350, Kelvin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto "Padre Sarmiento", page 186

And old of them brought Turkish bows, and gloves of steel, and very sharp arrows

Et tragiã todos arcos torquiys, et luuas de açeyro, et seetas moy agudas.


alcarraza

Probably from Portuguese alcarraza (“jug”), from Arabic الكُرَّاز (al-kurrāz), from Aramaic כרז / כרוז (“a type of container”), possibly from Akkadian 𒆳𒍣𒍝𒆪 (/kurziza, kurzizakku/, “a basket, container”), from Sumerian 𒄥𒋛𒁲 (/gursisa/, “basket, container”, literally “normal or standard 𒄥 (gur)”).


brazada

From Old Galician-Portuguese braçada (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), From camba (“bend”) + -ada.


cabrito

gl-noun

cabrito m (plural cabritos, feminine cabrito, feminine plural cabritos)

cabritos (plural)
cabrito (feminine)
cabritos (feminine plural)
cabirto (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese cabrito (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria): cabra + -ito; may have originally corresponded to a Vulgar Latin or Late Latin caprītus (attested in Salic Law). Cognate with Portuguese cabrito and Spanish cabrito.


cegoña

Attested since circa 1300. From Latin cicōnia.

et se a fegura do ydolo for doutra ymage que nõ seja de omẽ, se he de carneyro, poñamos que veña oespiritu máo, et entre et fale, ¿podera fazer al senõ braadar, segũdo que braada o carneyro ?, çerto nõ al; et se for de cabrõ outrosi nõ fara senõ braadar, et se for de touro mudiar ou rreburdiar, et se for de çegona, ferir [cõ] os pycos et fazer aquel som que ellas fazem como taboezillas.

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 141:

and if the figure of the idol has another image different from that of a man, if it was of a ram, let's then say that the evil spirit comes and enters in it and talks: what could the spirit do but bleat as a ram bleats? Certainly not other thing. And if the image was that of a billy goat he would only bleat, and if it was of a bull, he would moo or below; and if it was that of a stork, he would clash the beak and do that characteristic sound that the storks do, as of tablets


pegureiro

pegureiro m (plural pegureiros, feminine pegureira, feminine plural pegureiras)

pegureiros (plural)
pegureira (feminine)
pegureiras (feminine plural)
pigureiro (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese pegureiro, from Latin pecorārius.


galocha

[ɡɑˈlɔ.t͡ʃɐ]

[ɡɑˈlɔ.t͡ʃɐ]

[ħɑˈlɔ.t͡ʃɐ]

Attested since the 15th century. Ultimately from Old French galoche or Old Occitan galocha. Compare English galosh.


sogro

sogro m (plural sogros, feminine sogra, feminine plural sogras)

sogros (plural)
sogra (feminine)
sogras (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese sogro, from Late Latin socrus m, from Latin socer, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros.


maraña

Unknown. First attested in the 14th century; probably from a substrate language; perhaps related to French baragne (“hedge, net”).

acharedes en casa na mia ucha cinquoeenta uaras de lenço que seen ordidas et cinquo maranas de fiado cruu et tres de cozido

1348, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 152:

you'll find at my in home in my chest fifty yards of cloth with are woven and five skeins of crude yarn and three of whitened ones

Cladophora rupestris
Cladophora rupestris#Translingual

(botany) green algae of species Cladophora rupestris


subversivo

subversivo m (plural subversivos, feminine subversiva, feminine plural subversivas)

subversivos (plural)
subversiva (feminine)
subversivas (feminine plural)

[s̺uβ̞.β̞ɛɾˈs̺i.β̞ʊ]


estudo

From Old Galician-Portuguese estudo, estudio, studo, from Latin studium.


mamai

mamais (plural)
ma (alternative)
mamá (alternative)
mamaie (alternative)
mamaíña (alternative)
nanai (alternative)


baixada

From Old Galician-Portuguese baixada (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from baixar + -ada.


engano

From Old Galician-Portuguese engano. Deverbal from enganar.


ditado

From the past participle of ditar; cf. also Latin dictātum, dictātus.


nomeada

nomeadas (plural)
lomeada (alternative)
numeada (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese nomeada (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from nome (“name”) + -ada.

Et começoullj a dizer que tã grande era a numeada que del oya et o prez d'ar(ar)mas et os bõos feytos que soarã delle en terra d'Outra mar

1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 646:

And he began to tell him how great was the renown that he heard about him, and the feats of war and the good deeds that were heard about him in Outremer


cravo

From Old Galician-Portuguese cravo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin clāvus (“nail”) (maybe a semi-learned word, since it experienced an irregular phonetic evolution; compare also Spanish clavo), itself from Proto-Italic *klāwos, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-. Cognate with Portuguese cravo and Spanish clavo.

nail (spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials)

(cooking) unexpanded buds of the clove tree, used as spice


gosto

liking, preference, aesthetic preference


herdo

inheritance (that which a person is entitled to inherit)


formigo

formigos (plural)
fornigo (alternative)
furmigo (alternative)
furnigo (alternative)

(in the plural, cooking) a fried dessert made with crumbs, eggs and sugar or honey, which was traditionally made on the occasion of a birth


pintada

From Old Galician-Portuguese pintada, from pintar.


rolada

First attested in the 19th century. From rolo (“cradle”) + -ada.


maroto

Unknown. Perhaps from Latin mas, maris (“man, manly”) + -oto, or either from a substrate language.


vinga

From Old Galician-Portuguese vinga, a back-formation from vingar.

Si temos paz os cartiños roxirán nas faltriqueiras, pro si hai vingas e senreiras o daño será maior

1858, Vicente Turnes, Himno a S. M. Isabel II:

If we have peace coins will jingle inside the pouches, but if there are vengeances and hatreds, the damage will be larger


polarización

polarizacións (plural)
polarizaçom (alternative)
polarização (alternative)


meigo

meigo m (plural meigos, feminine meiga, feminine plural meigas)

meigos (plural)
meiga (feminine)
meigas (feminine plural)

→ Spanish: meigo

Attested since 1175 (meigu). From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin magicus (“magical”), from Ancient Greek μαγικός (magikós). Compare Portuguese meigo, Spanish mego.

—as palabras do meigo unha vez máis non deixaban lugar a dúbidas—.

2013, David D. Vázquez Álvarez, Ninguén nace antetempo, Baía Edicións, page 103:

—once again, the wizard’s words left no room for doubt.

De aí xurdiu posteriormente a lenda de que fora un meigo que fixera pauto co demo para obte-las sedes de Reims, Ravena e Roma.

1991, Ramón Otero Pedrayo, A romaría de Xelmírez, Editorial Galaxia, page 143:

From there, a legend later appeared stating that he was a warlock who made a pact with the devil in order to obtain the seats of Reims, Ravenna and Rome.

a person who is believed to have made a pact with the devil


pendencia

pendencias (plural)
pendência (alternative)


mágoa

Attested since early 15th century. Semi-learned borrowing from Latin macula (“blemish, stain”). Doublet of malla. Compare Spanish magullar.

slbor

garda soude no corpo et nos nenbros do potro Naturalmente et espiçialmente as coixas som llimpas de magooas

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 57:

keep the health of the body and the limbs of the foal naturally, specially that the thighs are clean of galls

Que mágoa que non veñas!


paixón

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese paixon, paxon, from Late Latin passio, passionem, from Latin patior.


xeneralidade

xeneralidades (plural)
generalidade (alternative)


xeneralización

gl-noun

xeneralización f (plural xeneralizacións)

xeneralizacións (plural)
generalizaçom (alternative)
generalização (alternative)


couso

E logo o couso ese ten Internet?

thingy; thing (used as a wildcard for naming something which name we don't remember or ignore)


couso

Attested as causo in local Medieval Latin documents at least since the 9th century. Probably from Latin capsus.

large open box like container used for storing grain

a trap for wolves consisting of two long converging walls and a central walled pit where wolves were driven for being killed, usually on an annual basis


lealdade

From Old Galician-Portuguese lealdade, from Medieval Latin legalitās, legalitātem, from Latin legālis; equivalent to leal + -dade.


vaxina

Learned borrowing from Latin vāgīna. Compare the inherited doublet vaiña.


farelo

From Vulgar Latin *farellum, from Latin far (“spelt”). Cognate with Portuguese farelo and Asturian fariellu.

bran (the broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain)


vento estelar

vento estelar m (plural ventos estelares)


biscoito

Attested since circa 1750. From Old Galician-Portuguese *biscoito, from Early Medieval Latin biscoctus (literally “twice-baked”). Compare Portuguese biscoito, Spanish bizcocho.


espora

Attested in local Latin documents at least since the 11th century. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *spurô (“spur”), from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”). Cognate of Portuguese espora, Spanish espuela, English spur, German Sporn, Old Norse spori.

spur (implement that is fixed to one’s heel for prodding horses)

spur (naturally growing spike of an animal)


feminista

gl-noun

feminista m or f by sense (plural feministas)


axilidade

Learned borrowing from Latin agilitās, agilitātem.


consequência

reintegrationist spelling of consecuencia


chaga

13th century. Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese chaga (“sore, wound”), from Latin plāga (“injury”), from plangō, from Proto-Indo-European *plak-. Cognate with Portuguese chaga and Spanish llaga.

inh+

sore (injured, infected, inflamed, or diseased patch of skin)

talen aa huña de fora ataa a danadura do crauo que lixo nen podreen nenhũa non posa ficar na chaga por nenhũa gisa

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 151:

they shall cut the hoof until the nail injury, so that no dirt or rottenness remain in the wound under no circumstance


telespectador

gl-noun

telespectador m (plural telespectadores, feminine telespectadora, feminine plural telespectadoras)

telespectadores (plural)
telespectadora (feminine)
telespectadoras (feminine plural)


telespectadora

telespectadora f (plural telespectadoras)


energúmeno

energúmeno m (plural energúmenos, feminine energúmena, feminine plural energúmenas)

energúmenos (plural)
energúmena (feminine)
energúmenas (feminine plural)

From Latin energumenus. Compare English energumen.


podre

From Old Galician-Portuguese podre (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin puter, putrem, from Proto-Indo-European *puH-.


pensamento

From Old Galician-Portuguese penssamento (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from penssar (“to think”) + -mento, from Latin pēnsāre (“to ponder”).

(uncountable) thinking (process by which thoughts arise)

ideology (beliefs and principle of a group)


canadense

canadense m or f by sense (plural canadenses)


femia

femias (plural)
fema (alternative)
fémea (alternative)

Independently attested in Old Galician-Portuguese as femea (Galicia) and femea, femẽa (Portugal); from Latin fēmina (“woman, wife, female”). Cognate with Portuguese fêmea and Spanish hembra.

socket; female of a mechanical joint or structure; eye


negreiro

negreiro m (plural negreiros, feminine negreira, feminine plural negreiras)

negreiros (plural)
negreira (feminine)
negreiras (feminine plural)

From negro (black) + -eiro. Compare Portuguese negreiro, Spanish negrero, Italian negriero, French négrier.

slaver, slave driver, slaveholder, slave trader (especially of black slaves)

(by extension) slave driver (an employer who demands excessive work from the employee)


novidade

From Old Galician-Portuguese novidade, from Latin novitās, novitātem.


religiosidade

reintegrationist spelling of relixiosidade


eternidade

Learned borrowing from Latin aeternitātem.


mortalidade

Learned borrowing from Latin mortālitātem.

mortality (the condition of being susceptible to death)

mortality (the death rate of a population)


dianteiro

From Old Galician-Portuguese deanteiro (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from diante (“ahead”) + -eiro.


faco

First attested in 1707. From faca, from Old French haque, from Middle English hack. Compare Spanish jaco.


humidificador

gl-noun

humidificador m (plural humidificadores)


erradicación

erradicacións (plural)
erradicaçom (alternative)
erradicação (alternative)


febra

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin fibra (“fiber; boneless meat”) (compare Spanish hebra); less probably, from an Arabic source. Cognate with Portuguese fêvera.

Et sabede que en todo o muro nõ ouuo y torre nẽ cubete nẽ arca hu algũ home podesse estar lidando en que nõ estouesse syna ou pendón de féuera cõ bandas d'ouro

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 316:

You must know that in all the wall there were neither tower nor turret nor brattice where a man can be fighting and where there were not a banner or standard of thread [of silk] and stripes of gold

lean, boneless meat, specially when referring to pork loin meat


teólogo

teólogo m (plural teólogos, feminine teóloga, feminine plural teólogas)

teólogos (plural)
teóloga (feminine)
teólogas (feminine plural)

From Latin theologus, from Ancient Greek θεολόγος (theológos).


granxa

From Old Galician-Portuguese grangia, from Old French grange, from Vulgar Latin *granica, from Latin grānum (“grain”).

(historical) a farm which depended from a monastery


reixa

Possibly ultimately from Latin regula, through Vulgar Latin *regla. Compare Portuguese relha, Spanish reja; cf. also Catalan reixa.


zorza

Unknown. Cognate with Northeastern Portuguese sorça.

(cooking) marinade made of paprika, salt, garlic and, optionally, other herbs and wine

(cooking) paprika marinated chopped pork, used for the preparation of chourizos

Hoxe temos zorza con patacas

Today we have fried paprika marinated pork with fries / chips.

(cooking) paprika marinated chopped pork, fried


furgón

furgóns (plural)
furgom (alternative)
furgão (alternative)

van (a covered vehicle used for carrying goods or people)


creto

Attested since 1807. From Latin creditum. Doublet of crédito.

Ò xeito, ò xeito co eso:
estànos a xente escoitando;
non sea que perda o crèto
polas vosas faladuras.

1807, anonymous author, Segundo diálogo dos esterqueiros:

Careful, careful with that:
people are listening to us;
lest I lose my reputation
because of your prattle.

Non lle dou nengún creto ao que di

I don't give credit to what he is saying


batel

From Old Galician-Portuguese batel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), borrowed from Old French batel, from Old English bat.

batel para entrar et seyr et para dar carga et tomar carga en porto estando, tenpo non perdendo

1433, A. Rodríguez González & J. Armas Castro (eds.), Minutario notarial de Pontevedra (1433-1435). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 32

[a] boat for entering and exiting and for taking and delivering the cargo whilst at the harbour, not losing time


batel

Borrowing from Old French batail. Doublet of badalo.


teto

From Old Galician-Portuguese teta (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from a West Germanic *titta (English tit, Dutch tiet, German Zitze) or either an expressive formation identical to it. Compare Portuguese teta, Spanish teta, French tette Cf. also Late Latin titta.


vaqueiro

vaqueiro m (plural vaqueiros, feminine vaqueira, feminine plural vaqueiras)

vaqueiros (plural)
vaqueira (feminine)
vaqueiras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese vaqueyro, from Medieval Latin vaccārius. Compare Portuguese vaqueiro, Spanish vaquero.


morro

Unknown. From Vulgar Latin *murrum (“snout”); the word extends along the Iberian peninsula, southern France, Italy and south Germany, and is perhaps originally onomatopoeic.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

(figurative, colloquial, in the plural) lips


soño

From Old Galician-Portuguese sonho (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin somnium. Compare Portuguese sonho, Spanish sueño.

seméllame, fillo, que ora son cõpridos de tj os soños que eu sonaua et as uisiões que uij́a et as coytas grãdes que sofría ẽno coraçõ

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 467:

it seems to me, my son, that now you have fulfilled the dreams I dreamed and the visions I envisioned and [finished] the big sorrows I suffered in my heart


azor

From Old Galician-Portuguese açor (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin acceptor, replacement of Latin accipiter. Cognate with Portuguese açor and Spanish azor.

O azor no pau, e o falcón na mau.

The goshawk in the spear, and the falcon on the hand.

Outras uezes fazía cõbater serpentes et peleiar grifos et liões et fazía caçar falcões et gaujães et açores et outras aues

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 438:

Other times he would make serpents fight, and gryphons and lions, and he would make falcons hunt, and sparrow-hawks and goshawks and other birds


garabato

From a substrate language, perhaps from the same origin that carba and carballo; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kr̥-wós (compare Latin curvus, "bent").


cachucha

[kɑˈt͡ʃu.t͡ʃɐ]

From cacho (“head; bowl”) + -ucha. First attested in 1746.

(cooking) cured pork head, locally considered a delicacy


humorista

gl-noun

humorista m or f by sense (plural humoristas)


saúde

From Old Galician-Portuguese saude (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin salūtem, accusative singular of salūs (“health”).

health (state of being free from disease)


louco

louco m (plural loucos, feminine louca, feminine plural loucas)

loucos (plural)
louca (feminine)
loucas (feminine plural)

Unknown. Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese louco, lauco (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), perhaps from Andalusian Arabic لَوَق (lawaq, “stupidity”), from Arabic لاق (lāq, “to soften”). Compare Portuguese louco, Spanish loco, and Sicilian loccu.

der

Cada louco coa sua teima

o dito Nuno da Praça que lle disera moitas maas palabras et desonrras et ynjurias, ontre las quaes diso que lle disera "vello royn, bébedo, louco, sandio, desuariado"

1433, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 389:

said Nuno da Praza told him many bad words and affronts and defamations, among them he said that he was said "mean old man, drunkard, madman, fool, deslusional"


sociólogo

gl-noun

sociólogo m (plural sociólogos, feminine socióloga, feminine plural sociólogas)

sociólogos (plural)
socióloga (feminine)
sociólogas (feminine plural)

sociologist (scientist studying the field of sociology)


nipón

nipón m (plural nipóns, feminine nipona, feminine plural niponas)

nipóns (plural)
nipona (feminine)
niponas (feminine plural)
nipom (alternative)
nipão (alternative)


ensaio

From Old Galician-Portuguese enssayo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin exagium, from Latin exigō. Compare Portuguese ensaio and Spanish ensayo.

excessive longitude of a net in comparison to the headline and the footrope, which allows it to form pockets


fedor

Attested since 1370. From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin fētor, fētōrem. Cognate with Portuguese fedor and Spanish hedor.

Et o fedor era tamaño et tã perigooso que nõ ha home que o sofrer podesse, nẽ sse alý podesse achegar, mẽtre alý aqueles corpos ardíã.

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 412:

And the stench was so big and so dangerous that there were no man that could stand it, nor that could come closer, while that bodies were burning there


pomar

Possibly from Vulgar Latin *pomāre-, from pōmum (“fruit”).


automatización

automatización f (plural automatizacións)

automatizacións (plural)
automatização (alternative)
automatizaçom (alternative)


bengalí

bengalí m or f by sense (plural bengalís)


ferida

feridas (plural)
firida (alternative)
frida (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese ferida, from Latin ferīta, from ferītus (“struck”), from feriō (“I stike”). Compare Portuguese and Catalan ferida, Spanish herida.

que nõ ficou deles nĩhũu senõ pouquos que nõ fosen hũus chagados et os outros degolados, et outros [con] grãdes feridas de lanças et cortos cõ segures, et outros chagados cõ seetas et cõ dardos

1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 136:

and there were but few left that were not injured, others having their throat slit, others with large spear wounds and cut with axes, and others wounded with arrows and darts


proprietário

proprietários (plural)
proprietária (feminine)
proprietárias (feminine plural)

reintegrationist spelling of propietario


chupeta

A diminutive of chopa, from Old French eschope (“small wooden shop”), from Middle Dutch schoppe, from Proto-Germanic *skup- (“shed, stall”).

bor

(nautical) small compartment aboard a boat


chupeta

Outra vez dándolle á chupeta? Tes que deixar de fumar!

Again with the cigarette? You must quit smoking!


vivenda

From Latin vivenda, feminine future participle of vīvō (“I live”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeih₃w-. Doublet of vianda, a borrowing from French.


cantonés

gl-noun

cantonés m (plural cantoneses, feminine cantonesa, feminine plural cantonesas)

cantoneses (plural)
cantonesa (feminine)
cantonesas (feminine plural)
cantonês (alternative)


globalización

globalizacións (plural)
globalizaçom (alternative)
globalização (alternative)


métrica

(poetry, music) meter (rhythm or measure in verse and musical composition)


columnista

columnista m or f by sense (plural columnistas)


tentáculo

From New Latin tentaculum, from Latin tentō.

tentacle (elongated, boneless, flexible appendage)


vilar

farmland; contiguous fields and plots which belong to several proprietors


lagar

Unknown: from Old Galician-Portuguese lagar, possibly from a Vulgar Latin *lacālis, from Latin lacus (“lake; vat”). Compare Portuguese lagar and Spanish lagar.

a vat in which grapes or apples are pressed for the production of wine or cider

vendemus et outorgamus uno tallo de herdade, o qual esta marcado per marcos ontre a casa de Pedro Perez et o lagar que esta ante o celeyro de Fernan Ares

1273, Miguel Romaní (ed.), La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira (1025-1310). 3 vols. Santiago: Tórculo Edicións (1989, 1989, 1993), page 387

We sell and give a patch of land which is delimited by boundary stones in between the house of Pedro Pérez and the wine press before the granary of Fernán Ares

building or construction which contains this vat


lique

From Latin līchēn, līchēnis, from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn, “tree moss, lichen”).


rebor

(law, archaic) strength, force, validity


cemiterio

Borrowed from Late Latin coemētērium, from Ancient Greek κοιμητήριον (koimētḗrion, “sleeping chamber”), from κοιμάω (koimáō, “to put to sleep”).


bilingüismo

bilingüismos (plural)
bilinguismo (alternative)


cambito

Attested since circa 1300. From *cambittus, from a substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱambos, *(s)kambos (“crooked”).

Et tomarõ das láás dos gãados et dos cabelos das bestas pera fazer delo de vestir, et começarõ de fazer das lãas lyñas et torçerlas cõ cambitos de fustes torçidos em cada hũ dos cabos, et ajuntãdo hũas lyñas cõ as outras enlaçauanas hũas ontre as outras, et teçiam las cõ os dedos et cõ fustes cõmo mellor podiam

1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Archivum, page 88:

And they took of the wools of the cattle and of the hairs of the horses for making with it wearables; and they began by making threads of the wools, twisting them with hooks of woods crooked in every extreme; and joining some threads with others they linked one in another, and they wove them with their fingers and with woods as well as they could

hook (specifically, a wooden hook, or a naturally hooked stick)

a double hooked implement used for attaching a tool or a pair of oxen to a yoke


sectario

gl-noun

sectario m (plural sectarios, feminine sectaria, feminine plural sectarias)

sectarios (plural)
sectaria (feminine)
sectarias (feminine plural)


ravo

From Old Galician-Portuguese rabão, from Latin raphanus, from Ancient Greek ῥάφανος (rháphanos). Cognate with Spanish rábano and Italian rafano.


xenio

xenios (plural)
génio (alternative)
xeño (alternative)

E Vos non vedes à teima
En que deu à mia gente,
Que ey de glossar de repente
Sin ter geño nin freima:
Vàn à Madril eu a Reyma,

1723, Anselmo Feixó e Montenegro, E vós non vedes a teima?:

Don't you see the idée fixe
my people have caught
that I'm going to gloss at the moment
having no genius or phlegm?
They are going to Madrid, I to the ream,

(uncountable) genius (extraordinary mental capacity)

(countable) genius (someone possessing extraordinary intelligence or skill)

a situación tristísima e máis que lamentábel da súa nai, enferma, sin recursos e, para maor desgracia, de xenio tan atufado, enrenico e mal cabido, que naide se ladaba con ela

1895, A. López Ferreiro, A tecedeira de Bonaval, page 170:

the very sad and lamentable position of her mother, sick, resourceless and, adding insult to injury, having such a haughty, rude and misfit temper, that none got along with her

(uncountable) irritability (the tendency of getting angry, annoyed)


xenio

genie, Jinn (a spirit, either good or evil, of pre-Islamic and Islamic mythology)


galbana

[ɡɑlˈβ̞a.nɐ]

[ɡɑlˈβ̞a.nɐ]

[ħɑlˈβ̞a.nɐ]

Uncertain. Possibly from Arabic [script needed] (galbāba, “grief, sadness”).

unk

Uncertain


croca

Probably from Proto-Celtic *kroukā (“mound”), and hence a cognate of Old Irish cruach (“pile, heap”) and Icelandic hraukur (“pile, stack”), from Proto-Germanic *hraukaz.

sirloin; a cut of meat from the rump of an animal


fuste

13th century. From Latin fūstis (“staff, club”).

prouarõ tres escaleyras de fuste et acharõnas curtas; et desi atarõnas a hũa cõ a outra et deytarõnas a hũa torre

c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 806:

they tried three wooden ladders but found them too short; and so they tied them together and leant them against a tower

et daqui veẽo despoys cõ todaslas sutelezas a carpentaria de labrar de fuste

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 27:

and from this later came, with every subtlety, the carpentry of working wood

et hua caldeyra et huum caldeyroon et huas greelas et huum speto de ferro et huum acetere et hua arameña et huas Gramalleyras et das outras perfeas de casa todos los bacios et escudelas et talladores et salseyros de fuste que ouuer na casa et hua mesa

1375, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 380:

and a cauldron, and a bucket, and a grill, and a skewer of iron, and a jug, and a pot of cooper, and a trammel; and of the rest of domestic ware, every bucket, and bowl, and plate, and saucer of wood that is in the house, and a table

Et dérõsse anbos tã grandes colpes, cõ toda sua força, que os ferros et os fustes das lanças seýrõ da outra parte

1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 221:

And both hit each other so hard, with all their strength, that the irons and shafts of the spears came out on the other side

et avedes vos et vosas vozes de leuar o meu quinon do dito viño ao dito lugar de Sajasende en vosos bois et carro; et eu et minas vozes eyuos de dar o fuste apostado para el en que o tragades

1459, Lucas Alvarez, Manuel & Justo Martín, María José (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 436

and you and your successors shall take my share of the aforementioned wine to the aforementioned place of Saxasende, using your oxen and cart; and I and my successors shall give the cask prepared for its transport

(in the plural) wooden pincers used for manipulating chestnuts


conspirador

gl-noun

conspirador m (plural conspiradores, feminine conspiradora, feminine plural conspiradoras)

conspiradores (plural)
conspiradora (feminine)
conspiradoras (feminine plural)

conspirator (person who is part of a conspiracy)


estela

From Late Latin astella, from astla, from Latin assula. Compare Spanish astilla.


estela

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin stēla, from Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē).


encarnación

encarnacións (plural)
encarnaçom (alternative)
encarnação (alternative)


reticencia

reticencias (plural)
reticência (alternative)


costureira

female equivalent of costureiro (“seamstress”)


péndola

From Latin pinnula, diminutive of pinna (“wing, feather”).


reunificación

From re- + unificación or reunificar + -ción.

reunification (act or process of reunifying)


esquirol

esquirol m (plural esquirois, feminine esquirola, feminine plural esquirolas)

esquirois (plural)
esquirola (feminine)
esquirolas (feminine plural)

(derogatory) strikebreaker, scab, blackleg, scalie (non-unionized worker hired to replace striking workers)

(derogatory) strikebreaker, scab, blackleg, scalie (a worker who acts against trade union policies, especially a strikebreaker)


felonía

From Old Galician-Portuguese felonia (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Old French felonie, from Germanic.


antecesor

antecesor m (plural antecesores, feminine antecesora, feminine plural antecesoras)

antecesores (plural)
antecesora (feminine)
antecesoras (feminine plural)
antecessor (alternative)

First attested in the 13th century (anteçesor). Learned borrowing from Latin antecessor.


endemia

endemic (a disease affecting a number of people simultaneously, so as to show a distinct connection with certain localities)


vegada

From Old Galician-Portuguese vegada (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *vicāta, from Latin vicis.

Et Calrros com̃o oyo esto cõ sua caualaria, volueu outra vegada para conquerir a Espana

1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 85:

And as soon as Charlemagne heard this, together with his cavalry returned another time [once more] for conquering Spain


illó

From Vulgar Latin *oliolus, from Latin oculus (“eye”). Cognate with Portuguese ilhó.


ermo

From Old Galician-Portuguese ermo, hermo, from Late Latin eremus, erēmus, from Ancient Greek ἔρημος (érēmos), with preservation of Greek accent over vowel length. Cognate with Portuguese ermo and Spanish yermo.

mold which grows in an empty cask and can affect the taste of wine


xeito

From Old Galician-Portuguese geito, from a Vulgar Latin *iectus, jectus, alteration of Latin iactus, perfect passive participle of iaciō (“throw, hurl; emit”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw, let go”). Compare Portuguese jeito.

der

Iso non che ten xeito!

that makes no sense! / This is not the correct way of doing it!

Et andaua asseiando a Éytor, hu veería jeyto ou ora pera o matar.

1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, page 461:

He was spying on Hector, where he would find the way and the opportunity of killing him

eu seica cho nego? Eu falo o que sei, ti fala ao teu xeito

1746, Martín Sarmiento, Coloquio de 24 gallegos rústicos, page 144:

So, am I negating it? I speak what I know; you should speak in your way

way, manner or fashion (of doing something)

Vai con xeito, non te apures

— [...] seique fostes á taberna? —Ó xeito, ó xeito co'eso: estános a xente escoitando; non sea que perda o creto polas vosas faladuras.

1807, Ramón Mariño Paz, editor, Segundo diálogo dos esterqueiros, page 4:

—they say that you went to the tavern? —Take care, take care with that: the people is listening; or else I'll lose all my credit because of your chit-chat.

Anque che veño do xeito non che veño de xeitar: veño de tomar sardiñas d'alá do medio do mar.

1869, Domingo Blanco (ed.), A poesía popular en Galicia 1745-1885. Recopilación, estudio e edición crítica (vol. I), Vigo: Xerais, page 387

Although I came from fishing ["xeito"] I've haven't been resting ["xeitar"]: I've come from catching sardines in the middle of the sea
(there's a pun between xeitar, resting, and xeito, throwing, i.e. fishing)


tonel

From Old Galician-Portuguese tonel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Old French tonel, diminutive of tone (“large barrel”), from Late Latin tunna, from Proto-Celtic *tunna (“hide, skin”). Cognate with Spanish and Portuguese tonel and Catalan tona.

Jtem diso que oýo diser que leuara hũu tonel da dita grãja de Saar porla cõgostra ao sopee Vasco de Vialo e que nõ sabe se era tonel ou pipa

1457, F. R. Tato Plaza, editor, Libro de notas de Álvaro Pérez, notario da Terra de Rianxo e Postmarcos, Santiago: Concello da Cultura Galega, page 181:

Item, he said that he heard say that Vasco of Bealo took away a tun from that farm of Sar, by the sunken lane there near, but that he did not know whether it was a tun or a pipe


pavón

pavóns (plural)
pavom (alternative)
pavão (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese pavon (independently attested in both corpora), from Latin pāvōnem, accusative singular of pāvō.

o pauõ mostra a vida dos rricos, que ẽnobreçẽ, et afeytam, et cõpoem suas deanteyras et leyxam descuberta moy torpemẽte sua postromaria

1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria, Oviedo: Archivum, page 259:

the peacocks show the lifestyle of the rich people, who grace, and adorn, and set up their front sides and let their backsides clumsily uncovered


malagueño

gl-noun

malagueño m (plural malagueños, feminine malagueña, feminine plural malagueñas)

malagueños (plural)
malagueña (feminine)
malagueñas (feminine plural)


eslava

(in the plural) wash water that, because of the rests of aliments it contains, is feed to the pigs

(by extension, in the plural) soup for feeding the pigs, prepared with greens, potato peels, turnips, bran and leftovers


rebo

rebos (plural)
reblo (alternative)
rebro (alternative)

Perhaps from Latin replum, through Vulgar Latin *repulu. Compare Portuguese rebo and Spanish ripio.


frete

Attested since 1433 (the derived verb fretar since the 13th century). Borrowing from Old French fret, from Middle Dutch vrecht (“cost of transport”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *fra- (intensive prefix) + *aihtiz (“possession”). Cognate with Portuguese frete and Spanish flete.

der

charge (demand of payment in exchange for the transportation of goods or services)

1433, Á. Rodríguez González & J. Armas Castro (eds.), Minutario notarial de Pontevedra (1433-1435). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 36

in 15 days since the day that it here arrives it must be unloaded and paid for its freight

do dia que aqui chegar a XV dias sea descargado et pago de seu frete

charter (temporary hiring of a vehicle for transportation of freight)


pixa

pixas (plural)
picha (alternative)
pisa (alternative)

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese pissa, idem, from the onomatopoeia piss ("pee"). Cognate with Spanish picha, pija.


tornés

From Old Galician-Portuguese tornes, from Medieval Latin turonensis, from Turonum (“Tours”).

Item mando que den aa nena que mora en na casa duas trases et hun tornes et huna camisa et duas sauaas
Item, I order that they give to the girl that lives at the house two trases [?] and a tornés and a shirt and two sheets

1403, M. M .Graña Cid (ed.), Las órdenes mendicantes en el obispado de Mondoñedo. El convento de san Martín de Villaoriente (1374-1500). Estudios Mindonienses, page 237

(numismatics, historical) a Medieval silver currency issued in Tours


trobo

The word is documented in local Medieval Latin as trobano, whence also its cognate Asturian truébanu. From a substrate language, probably from Celtic, from Proto-Indo-European *treb- (“settlement”) and akin to Proto-Celtic *trebno- (“room, house”).

wooden container made from a hollow trunk


confección

confeccións (plural)
confeçom (alternative)
confeção (alternative)
confecção (alternative)


fogar

From Vulgar Latin focāris, from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”). Cognate with Spanish hogar and English foyer.


ollar

From Old Galician-Portuguese aollar, from Vulgar Latin *adoculāre, from oclus, from Latin oculus. Cognate with Portuguese olhar and Spanish aojar.


capacitación

capacitacións (plural)
capacitaçom (alternative)
capacitação (alternative)


sinceridade

From Latin sincēritās; sincero + -idade.


rexencia

rexencias (plural)
regência (alternative)


rexente

gl-noun

rexente m or f by sense (plural rexentes)


reloxo

reloxos (plural)
relojo (alternative)
relógio (alternative)

Attested since 1417 (relogio). Ultimately from Latin hōrologium. Cognate with Portuguese relógio, Spanish reloj, Catalan rellotge,Occitan relòtge.

Iten, ordenaron mays sobre rason das ollas que tragan os oleiros a vender a çidade a qual ordenança feseron en esta maneira: que qual quer ome de fora, oleyro, que trouxese ollas a vender a esta çidade, que as vendese por sy meesmo, ata seyda de mynsa grande, e que esteue con elas as vender por sy meesmo ata que o relogo dese des oras

1433, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 97:

Item, they ordered about the pots that potters bring to this city for selling, and this ordinance was made this way: that any foreigner, a potter, who brings pots for selling to this city, that they can sell them by themselves till exit of the main mass, and that they should stay with them till the clock strikes ten


reloxos

[rɪˈlɔ.ʃʊs̺]


reloxería

watchmaker's; a shop where clocks are made, repaired, or sold


bomba de reloxería

bomba de reloxería f (plural bombas de reloxería)


bombas de reloxería

bomba de reloxería
bomba de reloxería#Galician


reloxeiro

reloxeiro m (plural reloxeiros, feminine reloxeira, feminine plural reloxeiras)

reloxeiros (plural)
reloxeira (feminine)
reloxeiras (feminine plural)


proxección

projection (of an image; action or result)


proxector

projector (apparatus for displaying images on a screen)


varga

From Proto-Celtic *wregis (“wall, enclosure”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wreǵ- (“close”). Akin to Middle Irish fraig (“interior wall”), Welsh achwre (“wattled fence, palisade”), Sanskrit व्रज (vrajá, “wattle, fence”).

cog

fish trap; special kind of fishing net used in rivers


barcelonés

gl-noun

barcelonés m (plural barceloneses, feminine barcelonesa, feminine plural barcelonesas)

barceloneses (plural)
barcelonesa (feminine)
barcelonesas (feminine plural)
barcelonês (alternative)


albacora

[ɑl.β̞ɑˈkɔ.ɾɐ]

From Andalusian Arabic, from classical Arabic اَلْبَكُورَة (al-bakūra, “the young camels”).

der

اَلْبَكُورَة

Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus alalunga#Translingual

albacore, longfin tuna (Thunnus alalunga, a large marine fish)


evasión

evasións (plural)
evasom (alternative)
evasão (alternative)


crucifixo

From Old Galician-Portuguese crucifisso (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), borrowed from Latin crucifixus.


anotación

Learned borrowing from Latin annotātiōnem.


fatalista

gl-noun

fatalista m or f by sense (plural fatalistas)

fatalist (person who believes in fatalism)


negligência

reintegrationist spelling of neglixencia


casula

From Old Galician-Portuguese casula (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin casubla, from Latin casula (“little cottage, hooded cloak”), a diminutive of casa (“house”).

inh

leather or iron pods at the extremes of the flail, used to connect both elements together


codicilo

Attested since the 13th century. Learned borrowing from Latin cōdicillus (“codicil”).

lbor

Et mando et quero que esta seia a minna postrimeyra voontade et se esto non valer commo testamento mando que valla commo codiçillo ou commo outra escriptura publica qualquier

1323, M. Romaní Martínez, editor, La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira, Santiago: Tórculo, IV, page 59:

I order and I want this to be my last will, and if it is not valid as testament then I order that it serves as codicil or as another whichever public deed


bucina

Attested since circa 1350 (buzina). Learned borrowing from Latin būcina. Compare Portuguese buzina and Spanish bocina.

Et mãdarõ logo sonar [per] la villa cornos et buzinas et tronpas et anafijs.

c1350, Kelvin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto "Padre Sarmiento", page 129

And they ordered to play horns and bugles and trumps and trumpets through the town


duelista

gl-noun

duelista m or f by sense (plural duelistas)


acupuntura

acupunturas (plural)
acupunctura (alternative)

acupuncture (insertion of needles for remedial purposes)


esquiador

esquiador m (plural esquiadores, feminine esquiadora, feminine plural esquiadoras)

esquiadores (plural)
esquiadora (feminine)
esquiadoras (feminine plural)


foia

hole where wood is burnt to produce charcoal


adoración

adoracións (plural)
adoraçom (alternative)
adoração (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin adoratio, adorationem.


frade

Already attested, as Romance, in 12th century Latin documents (Pumar dus Frades, 1174, Cartulary of Caaveiro). From Old Galician-Portuguese frade (“friar”), from Latin frater (“brother”), from Proto-Italic *frātēr (“brother”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”). Doublet of freire.


foz

From Old Galician-Portuguese foz (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fōcem, early monophthongized variant of faucem.


austeridade

Learned borrowing from Latin austēritātem.


autenticidade

[ˌɑw.t̪ɛn̪.t̪i.θiˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]

[ˌɑw.t̪ɛn̪.t̪i.θiˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]


asimilación

asimilacións (plural)
assimilaçom (alternative)
assimilação (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin assimilātiōnem.


xato

gl-noun

xato m (plural xatos, feminine xata, feminine plural xatas)

xatos (plural)
xata (feminine)
xatas (feminine plural)

Attested since circa 1750 (jato). Probably onomatopoeic. Compare Spanish choto and Asturian xatu.


aeródromo

[a.ɛˈɾɔ.ð̞ɾo.mʊ]

airfield, aerodrome, airdrome, landing field (place where airplanes can take off and land)


aliteración

aliteracións (plural)
aliteraçom (alternative)
aliteração (alternative)


descentralización

descentralización f (plural descentralizacións)

decentralization (US), decentralisation (UK)


codorna

quail (any of several small species of game bird)


escoler

From Old French escoler, from Latin scholaris, with the semantic evolution: "having knowledge" > "practitioner" > "having supernatural powers".

os demos tamén berraban chamando por escoleres e por meigas de máis fama qu'os arrigasen da Cruña e os lovasen para Francia

1846, anonymous author, Carta de Cristobo a seu tío don Alifonso de Santiago:

also the demons were shouting, calling for more famous sorcerers and witches who could uproot them from a Coruña and take them to France

(folklore) supernatural being who causes storms and controls the weather


miolo

miolos (plural)
meolo (alternative)
molo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese meolo, from Late Latin *medullum, from Latin medulla. Doublet of medula.
Compare Spanish meollo.

etymon

(usually hard)

En escoitalo, señor tio Calacú, xà o peléxo do meu corpo tembra. Sei que á tanta agua que acarrexóu amolentoulle os miolos, é por eso louquéa

1822, anonymous author, A Parola Polêteca:

While listening to you, my sir uncle Pumpkin, my body's skin trembles. Perhaps the much water you have carried softened you brains, and therefore you are going insane


antifeminista

gl-noun

antifeminista m or f (plural antifeministas)

antifeminist (person antagonistic to feminism)


declinación

Learned borrowing from Latin declinatio, declinationem.


antipatía

From Ancient Greek ἀντιπάθεια (antipátheia), noun of state from ἀντιπαθής (antipathḗs, “opposed in feeling”), from ἀντί (antí, “against”) + root of πάθος (páthos, “feeling”). By surface analysis, anti- + -patía.


apóstata

gl-noun

apóstata m or f by sense (plural apóstatas)

From Late Latin apostata, from Ancient Greek [Term?].


honestidade

[ɔ.nɛs̺.t̪iˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]


suavidade

Learned borrowing from Latin suāvitātem.


homeopatía

homeo- + -patía, on the model of English homeopathy, German Homöopathie.


trouzo

trouzos (plural)
touzo (alternative)
trouso (alternative)

Either from touzo or from a substrate language.

large spindle which is usually used while hanging from the ceiling


hedra

From Old Galician-Portuguese edra (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin hedera (“ivy”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”). Cognate with Portuguese hera and Spanish yedra.


ario

gl-noun

ario m (plural arios, feminine aria, feminine plural arias)

arios (plural)
aria (feminine)
arias (feminine plural)

From Sanskrit आर्य (ā́rya, “noble" or "noble one”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *áryas.


refugo

discard, refuse; residue; product of lesser quality which is destined to other secondary uses


rengo

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną (“to twist”). Compare Catalan ranc, English wrench, and Spanish renquear.

Elymus repens
Elymus repens#Translingual


ganzo

From Proto-Celtic *ganskyos (“branch, twig”), or directly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ḱank- (“branch”). Doublet of gancho.

(dated) dried or partially burned twig in the past used as a torch


bocha

Either onomatopoeic or from Latin pustula (“pimple”), but influenced by Latin botulus (“sausage”). Compare also bostela.


subversor

gl-noun

subversor m (plural subversores, feminine subversora, feminine plural subversoras)

subversores (plural)
subversora (feminine)
subversoras (feminine plural)

[s̺uβ̞.β̞ɛɾˈs̺oɾ]


chasco

Saxicola rubicola
Saxicola rubicola#Translingual


recordo

souvenir (item of sentimental value, to remember an event or location)


tallador

talladores (plural)
talhador (alternative)

13th century. From tallar (“to cut”) + -dor.

et hua caldeyra et huum caldeyroon et huas greelas et huum speto de ferro et huum acetere et hua arameña et huas Gramalleyras et das outras perfeas de casa todos los bacios et escudelas et talladores et salseyros de fuste que ouuer na casa et hua mesa

and a cauldron, and a bucket, and a grill, and a skewer of iron, and a jug, and a pot of cooper, and a trammel; and of the rest of domestic ware, every bucket, and bowl, and trencher, and saucer of wood that are in the house, and a table

Iten, das cunqas e talladores e poças e barcaas e de outras quaes quer vaselas de madeira, que page o vendedor de cada tres mrs un diñeiro

1439, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 418:

Item, of the bowls, and trenchers, and large bowls, and trays, and any other wooden vessel, the seller should pay a denary per three mrs.

(historical) trencher; a wooden plate, kind of cutting board, once used for eating meat

el rrey et os omes onrrados comjã en escudelas et en talladores d'ouro fino

1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 576:

the king and the noblemen were eating in trays and plates of fine gold


parella

Substantivization of the feminine of Late Latin pariculus, diminutive of Latin pār. Compare Portuguese parelha, Asturian pareya.

pair; a set of two people or animals intended to do something together

couple; a set of two people in a relationship

pair; a male and female of the same species

(card games) pair; a set of two cards with equal rank, but not necessarily the same suit

(set theory) pair; each of the elements formed by the Cartesian product of two sets

(fishing) pair; a set of two trawlers rigged with a fishing net rig named bou

(fishing) net; the proper net rig used by a pair of trawlers for fishing


segur

From Old Galician-Portuguese segur (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin secūris.

que nõ ficou deles nĩhũu senõ pouquos que nõ fosen hũus chagados et os outros degolados, et outros [con] grãdes feridas de lanças et cortos cõ segures, et outros chagados cõ seetas et cõ dardos

1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 136:

and there were but few left that were not injured, others having their throat slit, others with large spear wounds and cut with axes, and others wounded with arrows and darts


feal

From feo (“hay”) + -al, suffix which forms place names. From Latin fēnum (“hay”).


pousada

From Old Galician-Portuguese pousada, from pousar (“to rest”) + -ada, from Latin pausāre, from pausō (“I halt”). Cognate with Portuguese pousada and Spanish posada.

E quando e cada que y chegar o prior et freyres do dicto moesterio darlles pousada e cama e sal e fogo e agoa

1408, José-Luis Novo Cazón, editor, El priorato santiaguista de Vilar de Donas en la Edad Media (1194-1500), A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 320:

And when and every time the prior and friars of the aforementioned Abby go there, you will give them lodging and bed and salt and fire and water

Outrosí, fazedes prender os notarios e tomarlles e roubarlles quanto teen nas pousadas e tomarlles as escrituras e priualos dos ofiçios.

1385, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 246:

Ana also, you make them imprison the notaries, and to take and rob everything that they have in their residences and to take their charters and to deprive them of their offices

a group of four sheaves of wheat, rye, etc


globalista

globalista m or f by sense (plural globalistas)


nabal

Attested since the 13th century. From nabo (“turnip”) + -al.


perihelio

perihelios (plural)
periélio (alternative)

(astonomy) perihelion (the point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, etc., where it is nearest to the Sun)


cantiga

cantigas (plural)
cántega (alternative)
cántiga (alternative)

[kɑn̪ˈt̪i.ɣ̞ɐ]

[kɑn̪ˈt̪i.ɣ̞ɐ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese cantiga, either from cantar or from a Celtic substrate form *cantǐcā or *cantīcā.


facción

faccións (plural)
facçom (alternative)
façom (alternative)
fação (alternative)
facção (alternative)


buxa

Unknown. Perhaps from Latin buxidis (“box”), or buxus (“boxwood”).

nozzle (inside the drones and blowpipe of a bagpipe)


esgarro

esgarros (plural)
escarro (alternative)
esgarrio (alternative)

[ez̺ˈɣ̞ɑ.rʊ]

[ez̺ˈɣ̞ɑ.rʊ]

Attested since circa 1800. From esgarrar (“to expectorate”). Cognate with Portuguese escarro.


guitarra acústica

guitarra acústica f (plural guitarras acústicas)


guitarra eléctrica

guitarra eléctrica f (plural guitarras eléctricas)


catacumba

From Late Latin catacumbae, dissimilation of Latin cata- (“among”) (from Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “under”)) + tumbas.

catacomb (underground system of tunnels and chambers with recesses for graves)


xente

From Old Galician-Portuguese gente, from Latin gēns, gentem.

Podes afiuzar nel, é boa xente.


remol

Unknown. Attested since the 18th century. Perhaps from remover (“to stir, move”).


manchego

manchego m (plural manchegos, feminine manchega, feminine plural manchegas)

manchegos (plural)
manchega (feminine)
manchegas (feminine plural)


melancolía

Borrowed from Late Latin melancholia, from Ancient Greek μελαγχολία (melankholía, “blackness of the bile”).


cidra

Cucurbita ficifolia
Cucurbita ficifolia#Translingual


rixo

From Old Galician-Portuguese rrijo, rigio (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rigidus (“rigid”). Cognate with Portuguese rijo.

firmness, vitality, strength, resolution


capela

From Old Galician-Portuguese capela, from Medieval Latin, Late Latin cappella (“little cloak; chapel”), diminutive of cappa (“cloak, cape”). Cognate with Portuguese capela, Spanish capilla, Catalan capella, Occitan capèla, French chapelle, Italian cappella and Romanian capelă.

inh

(religion) chapel (small Christian place of worship)

cap which covers the tip of a traditional palleiro ("haystack")


abastanza

abastanzas (plural)
abastança (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese abastança. By surface analysis, abastar + -anza.

Da grãde abastança que os troyaos auýã de uyãdas

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 367:

On the great abundance of viands that the Trojans had


hórreo

hórreos (plural)
hórneo (alternative)
horrio (alternative)
horro (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese orreo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin horreum (“storehouse; granary”), from Ancient Greek ὡρεῖον (hōreîon). Cognate with Spanish hórreo and Portuguese hôrreo.

Pediu o apoio da artillería e ó mediodía o hórreo estoupou en anacos.

2011, Robert Skyler, Fragmentos Terra: S. S. H. U. T., Palibrio, page 19:

He asked for artillery support and at noon the raised granary was blasted to bits.

a slatted granary placed on top of staddle stones, used for preserving and drying grain; corn crib


queixa

Attested since circa 1300. Deverbal from queixar.

na compaña dos meus bos amigos Benito das Vacalouras e Martiño de Zamora, metínme nun deses wagós do camiño de ferro d'Ourense a Vigo, i anque fumos nel como sardiñas en banasta, non tivemos queixa, porque neso da comparanza das sardiñas, nosoutros éramos das cabezudas, i as que levábamos á beira eran das escochadas, frescas e pequerrechiñas e cun sal

1884, O tío Marcos da Portela, volume 2, number 45, page 1:

in the company of my good friends Benito das Vacalouras and Martiño from Zamora, I entered one of those wagons of the railroad from Ourense to Vigo and, even if we travelled packed as sardines, we had no complaint, because on that comparison we were as sardines with head, but those next to us were as headless sardines, fresh and small and salted


sátiro

From Latin satyrus, from Ancient Greek σάτυρος (sáturos).


serbio

gl-noun

serbio m (plural serbios, feminine serbia, feminine plural serbias)

serbios (plural)
serbia (feminine)
serbias (feminine plural)


seiva

Inherited from Latin saliva. Displaced by saíva and the borrowed saliva, probably because of seiva (“sap”). For another possibly inherited example, see Italian scialiva.

o que mays forte he de todos estos he o poo do rrosalgar amasado con seiua d'ome

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 143:

the strongest of them all is realgar power mixed with human saliva


seiva

→ Spanish: savia (or from Portuguese)

Borrowed from French sève and probably influenced by its homophone.


liberticidio

From lībertās (“liberdade (liberty) in Latin”) + -cidio.

liberticide (the destruction of liberty)


pontevedrés

pontevedrés m (plural pontevedreses, feminine pontevedresa, feminine plural pontevedresas)

pontevedreses (plural)
pontevedresa (feminine)
pontevedresas (feminine plural)
pontevedrês (alternative)

native or inhabitant of Pontevedra (usually male)


espadana

espadanas (plural)
espadaina (alternative)

From espada (“sword”), from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē). Cognate with Spanish espadaña.

Typha latifolia
Typha latifolia#Translingual


traxe

From a derivative of Old Galician-Portuguese trager (whence modern Galician traer), from Vulgar Latin *tragō, tragēre, from Latin trahō. Compare Spanish and Portuguese traje.

attire, outfit, clothing; the collective garments worn by a person

costume (style of dress, including garments, accessories and hairstyle, especially as characteristic of a particular country, period or people)


touciño

touciños (plural)
toucín (alternative Galicia Northeastern)
toucinho (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese toucinho, from a substrate pre-Latin language, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).
Cognate with Portuguese toucinho and Spanish tocino.

der

1351, M. Lucas Alvarez, M. e P. P. Lucas Dominguez (ed.), San Pedro de Ramirás. Un monasterio femenino en la Edad Media. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Caixa Galicia, page 506

of wheat bread, and of wine, and half a good piece of bacon

de pan branco e de vino e meo duun boo touçino


xardineiro

gl-noun

xardineiro m (plural xardineiros, feminine xardineira, feminine plural xardineiras)

xardineiros (plural)
xardineira (feminine)
xardineiras (feminine plural)


sobrecella

sobrecellas (plural)
sobrancella (alternative)
sobrencella (alternative)
sobreceña (alternative)

[soβɾeˈθeʎɐ]

Attested since circa 1300 (sobreçella). From a variant of Old Galician-Portuguese sobrencelha (without the nasal infix), from Latin supercilia, plural of supercilium.


cabalo do demo

cabalo do demo m (plural cabalos do demo)

Literally, “demon's horse”; from cabalo (“horse”) + demo (“demon”).


meda

Attested in 1150, in a transitional Latin-Romance text. From Old Galician-Portuguese meda, from Latin mēta (“cone”).

mandolle tomar essa meda do colmo que y se para cobrir esas casas da Meruca

1294, J. L. Novo Cazón, editor, El priorato santiaguista de Vilar de Donas en la Edad Media (1194-1500), A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 270:

I order him to take that stack of thatch that is there for covering those houses of Meruca

conical haystack, of thatch or of not threshed grain


xograr

From Old Galician-Portuguese jograr, from Latin ioculāris (“jocular, laughable”).


merla

Iten tordos et melrras cada hũu a coroado.

1418, Ángel Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 95

Item, thrushes and blackbirds, each one, a crown


paraugas

[paˈɾɑw.ɣ̞ɑs̺]

[paˈɾɑw.ɣ̞ɑs̺]

From parar (“to stop”) + auga (“water”). Compare Spanish paraguas.


ourego

ouregos (plural)
aurego (alternative)
aurogo (alternative)
ourigo (alternative)
ourogo (alternative)
urigo (alternative)

Attested since circa 1750. From Latin orīganum, from Ancient Greek ὀρίγανον (oríganon). Cognate with Portuguese orégão, Spanish orégano.

Origanum vulgare
Origanum vulgare#Translingual


poza

From pozo, from Old Galician-Portuguese poço, from Latin puteus. Cognate with Portuguese poça and Spanish poza.

et mays uos aforamos a noſa leyra da Ujna Uella que jaz ſobre lo canal commo uay topar enna poça de Caalles

1402, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., p. 167

and we also lend you our field of Viña Vella, which is by the channel, as it comes into the pool of Canles


grenlandés

grenlandés m (plural grenlandeses, feminine grenlandesa, feminine plural grenlandesas)

grenlandeses (plural)
grenlandesa (feminine)
grenlandesas (feminine plural)
grenlandês (alternative)

Greenlander; male inhabitant of Greenland


estrela fugaz

estrela fugaz f (plural estrelas fugaces)


nocella

Attested since the 18th century. From Latin *nocicula, diminutive of nux (“nut”).

tuber oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum)


cantautor

cantautor m (plural cantautores, feminine cantautora, feminine plural cantautoras)

cantautores (plural)
cantautora (feminine)
cantautoras (feminine plural)


osca

oscas (plural)
oscra (alternative)
osquia (alternative)
ozca (alternative)

From Gaulish *osca (“notch”), from Proto-Celtic. Cognate with Asturian güezca.


parodista

parodista m or f by sense (plural parodistas)


estrofa

From Latin stropha, from Ancient Greek στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”).


felga

From felgo, from Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Vulgar Latin *felicu (cf. also filictum), from Latin filix (“fern”).


beladona

From Italian belladonna (bella donna, literally “beautiful lady”), altered by folk etymology from Medieval Latin bladona (“nightshade”), from Gaulish *blātōnā, blātunā, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃tus, from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”). The folk etymology was motivated by the cosmetic use of nightshade for dilating the eyes.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="it">bella donna</i>

Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna#Translingual

belladonna, deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)


teixo

Para desfazer aquel callo ual moyto o maluisco et a Rayz do lilio et a Rayz do teixo

1409, José Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 129:

the marshmallow, the lily root, and the yew root, are very useful for undoing that callosity


teixo

From late Vulgar Latin taxus (“badger”), from Proto-Germanic *þahsuz (“badger”) or either from Proto-Celtic *tasko- (“badger”).


carai

Ese coche é caro de carai!

(euphemistic) a mild, colloquial alternative form of carallo


torturador

gl-noun

torturador m (plural torturadores, feminine torturadora, feminine plural torturadoras)

torturadores (plural)
torturadora (feminine)
torturadoras (feminine plural)


relativista

relativista m or f by sense (plural relativistas)


roupa

From Old Galician-Portuguese roupa, derived from Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raupjan, “to pluck”), from Proto-Germanic *raupijaną. Cognate with Portuguese roupa, Spanish ropa, English robe, Italian roba.

Este Santiago he chamado home de luz, obrador de uerdade, et era tã santo que o omẽ que o vise cobiiçaua moyto a tãjer dos fios da sua rroupa que tragia vestida
This James is called man of light, doer of truth, and he was such a revered person that everyone who saw him coveted to touch the threads of the clothes that he wore

1390, José Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I., Madrid: C.S.I.C, page 19:


parabéns

Omes do vál, da ribeira,
E os que na serra morás;
Dadevos o paraben
Das novas que vou contár.
O noso rey, que deixóu
A Galicia en orfandade,
E por quen tan nobremente
España verteu a sangre
Xá está con nosco... ¡que groria!

Men of the valley, of the seashore,
and you dwellers of the mountains;
give yourselves congratulations
for the news I'm about to tell:
our King, who left
Galicia orphaned,
and for whom so nobly
Spain shed her blood
is already among us... Glory!


quenda

15th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese caenda (13th century, attested in Old Galician documents), from Latin kalendae, the first day of the month. Doublet of calendas.

turn (a chance to do or to use something in sequence with others)

todos ordenaron et feseron seu procurador en todo este dito ano, ata dia de quendas janeyras a Meen Suares Galinato

1433, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 20:

Everyone ordered and made their proxy, for the whole year till the first say of January, Meen Suares Galinato


feira

From Old Galician-Portuguese feira, from Late Latin feria (“festival, holiday”), from Latin feriae, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s (“god, godhead, deity”).
Cognate with Portuguese feira, Spanish feria, French foire, Italian fiera,
Sicilian fera and English fair.

der

ordenavan que a dita feyra de San Martiño que fose franca da mañán luns, que serán quatorse dias deste dito ano, ata quinse dias primeiro segentes, et en estes quinse días que todas las personas et mercadores et outras quaes quer personas, asy da çidade como de fora parte, que non pagasen de quaes quer mercadorías conprasen et vendesen mays que de cada çen mrs, hun mr, et de mill mrs, des mrs

1457, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 153:

they ordered that said fair of Saint Martin to be tax-free from tomorrow Monday, fourteen days of this year [sic], for fifteen next days, and that these fifteen days that every person and merchant and any other person, either from the city as from the outside, must pay for any goods that they happen to buy or sell just a maravedi for each a hundred maravedis, and for a thousand maravedis, ten maravedis

(dated) designation for a weekday in Galician, e.g. corta feira (“Wednesday”, literally “fourth weekday”)


exclusión

exclusións (plural)
exclusom (alternative)
exclusão (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin exclūsiō, exclūsiōnem.


camada

Attested since the 14th century. From cama (“bed, litter”) + -ada.

Sabeam todos, que por quanto a nos dom frey Beringel da Ordem dos Preegadores por la gracia de Deus arcibispo de Santiago, Capellan mayor del Rey et Chanceller e notario mayor do Reyno de Leon, por grandes querelas e por gran chamor pervereo que se fazian ennas friigyesías do noso arcibispado, grandes deguysados, iniurias et exeessoes per aquelles que tirauan et leuauan as penas das friigesias, que non tomaban os lobos ou a camada delles leuando mays que deuian et agraueando as gentes en como non deuian; por ende nos querendo y poer Remedio, ordinamos et mandamos que enna friigesía que ouuer XV friigeses ou mays poucos, se non tomaren lobo ou loba ou camada delles, ou non correren cada domaa con elles sen enganno segundo que e de custume des o primeyro sabado de quaresma ata dia de Sam Joham de Juyo, ou non fezeren o ffogio, que pagen X mrs.

1326, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, Madrid: Ediciones Castilla, page 398:

Everyone must know, that since to us, lord friar Berenger de Landore, of the Order of the Preachers, by the grace of God archbishop of Santiago, master chaplain of the king and chancellor and master notary of the Kingdom of Leon, because of the great complaints and great outcry that they did in the parishes of our archbishopric, because of the large crimes, slanders and excesses by those who took and carried the fines of the parishes that did not took the wolves or their litters, taking more than what they ought to, and harming the people as they should not; hence, we, wanting to put a solution to this, order and command that in every parish where there are 15 parishioners or less, if they didn't took a wolf or litter of them, or they didn't run them away each week, without trickery, as is the custom since the first Saturday of Lent till Saint John's day of June, or they didn't built a trap, they shall pay 10 maravedis.


negrura

Attested since the 14th century. From negro (“black”) + -ura.

Mays sabede que Deus nõ fezo ẽno mũdo pez nẽ outra cousa que tã negra fosse cõmo era este rrey Perses et seu sobriño, nẽ que sse cõparar podesse aa sua negrura

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 300:

But you must know that God did nothing in the world, nor pitch nor other thing, as black as this king Perses and his nephew, nor that can compare to their blackness


liña

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese linna attested in the 13th-century Cantigas de Santa Maria, from Latin līnea (“thread, line”), from līnum (“flax”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”). Cognate with Portuguese linha, Spanish liña, and Catalan llinya.

inh+

et mãtéér nos ẽna bõa lyña, ca o máo costume pouco a pouco vay [vijndo] et se aprende se sse logo nõ castiga, et despois he moy máo de leyxar

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 141:

and to keep us in the good line, because the bad habit comes little by little and it is learned if it is not punished right away, and later it is very hard to leave

huas contas huun calçadonyo et trage hua pedrelina preta que trage figura d'angeo engastoada en prata por sinal que andan en liña branqua et andan y cubellas de prata et moytos esterliins por sinal que andan y pedra cristal rredonda moy crara.

1348, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 152:

some bead; a chalcedony; and brings a black stone that brings the figure of an angel set in silver, as a sign, that are in a white cord; and there are some silver cups and many sterlings as a signal, and there is a round crystal stone, very clear

fize escrivir en estes cinco prigos e medio de papel escritos a o ancho con este en que bai meu sinal e bai cosido un prigo con outro con fio de liña branca e escrito entre vn prego e outro en as espaldas meu nome e por ende fize aqui meu nome e siné.

1435, M. González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 618:

I order to write in this five sheets and a half of paper, written across, with this on which is my sign; and each sheet is sewn with the rest with thread of white line, and written in the back of each one of the sheets my name, and finally I made here my name and signed

o par de çapatos de vaca nobos et sobre solados et tacoados e ben coseytos e de boas solas e peças e boa liña e boo coiro

1438, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 126:

the pair of new cow shoes, with over sole, tacked, well sewn, with good soles and pieces and good thread and good leather

1345, A. Fernández Salgado (ed.), A documentación medieval de San Bieito do Campo. Tese de licenciatura (inédita) presentada na Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, page 22

I order that these properties are left to my closest blood relative, belonging to the straight line from the lineage of my father and mine

mando que fiquen estes herdamentos ao meu parente máys chegado de sangre que veña en liña dereita que ueña de linagẽe de meu padre e meu


fiada

(historical) evening meeting for spinning and socializing

evening (a party or gathering held in the evening)


groto

Perhaps ultimately from Latin crypta. Compare gruta.

a small mire, quagmire or bog, usually caused by a spring; a muddy pool


alborada

alboradas (plural)
alvorada (alternative)

Attested since 1827. From albor + -ada. Cognate with Portuguese alvorada and Spanish alborada.

Nasín cand'as prantas nasen,
 no mes das froles nasín,
 nunh'alborada mainiña,
 nunh'alborada d'abril;
 Por eso me chaman Rosa,
 mais a do triste sorrir,
 con espiñas para todos,
 sin ningunha para ti;
 Desque te quixen, ingrato,
 tod'acabou para min,

1863, Rosalía de Castro, Cantares Gallegos, page 9:

I was born when plants do
 in the month of flowers I was born
 at a tranquil dawn
 at an april's dawn;
 That's why they calle me Rose,
 but of the sad smile,
 having thorns for everyone
 but for you;
 Since I love you, ungrateful,
 everything ended for me

A gaita e o tamboril
Co máis ardente antusiasmo
Tocando unha muiñeiriña
Un valse repenicado
Unha alegre salerosa
Unh'alborada ou fandango

Bagpipe and tabor
With the most ardent enthusiasm
Playing a muiñeira,
an allegro waltz,
a jovial salerosa,
an alborada or a fandango

(music) solemn or joyful traditional musical composition usually played on bagpipe, soon in the morning, during local festivities


cirio

a long, thick wax candle, often used in religious ceremonies


pichel

From Old Galician-Portuguese pichel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Old French pichier (“small jug”), from Late Latin pīcārium, alteration of bīcārium, itself possibly from bacarium, bacar or from Ancient Greek βῖκος (bîkos). Compare English pitcher; more at beaker.

1396, M. Mar Graña Cid (ed.), Las órdenes mendicantes en el obispado de Mondoñedo. El convento de san Martín de Villaoriente (1374-1500). Separata de Estudios Mindoniense, page 224

they shall take there twenty solidi and two jugs of wine

que leuen alo viinte soldos et dous pichees de vinno.

jug with a capacity of approximately a litre

E cada e quando que fore desta nosa casa un religioso, que le días mesa e mantens e pichel e sal e lugar para duas bestas ena dita casa.

1511, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros, Vigo: Galaxia, page 215:

And each and every time a religious man happens to be in that house, you should give to him a place in the table, with blankets, a tankard, salt, and a place for two horses at the aforementioned house

tankard or mug, usually made of tin, silver or pewter, with a hinged lid


corzo

gl-noun

corzo m (plural corzos, feminine corza, feminine plural corzas)

corzos (plural)
corza (feminine)
corzas (feminine plural)
corço (alternative)

Attested since the 13ᵗʰ century (corço). From Vulgar Latin curtius, from Latin curtus (“short”).

os asnos mõteses ou os ezebros, et as corças

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 220:

the wild asses or the onagers, and the roe deer


zucre

From Old French çucre, from Arabic سكر, from Persian شکر (šakar).


churrasco

Attested since the first half of the 20th century. From Italian chiaroscuro for the alternating light and dark grill marks on the meat.


arcabuz

[aɾ.kɑˈβ̞uθ]

[aɾ.kɑˈβ̞uθ]


extravagancia

extravagancias (plural)
extravagância (alternative)

[eks̺.t̪ɾa.β̞ɑŋˈɡɑ.θjɐ]

[eks̺.t̪ɾa.β̞ɑŋˈɡɑ.θjɐ]

[eks̺.t̪ɾa.β̞ɑŋˈħɑ.θjɐ]


tamboril

Attested since circa 1594. From tambor + -il.

Bagpipe and drum,
with the most burning enthusiasm
playing a muiñeira,
an allegro waltz,
a jovial salerosa,
an alborada or a fandango

kind of tabor or small drum usually played with two drumsticks


bido

From bidoo, from *bidolo, from Paleo-Hispanic *betŭlo, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *betu- (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“resin, pitch”). The tonic i can be due to the influence of Germanic forms (cf. English birch) during the early Middle Ages or just as a result of metaphony.
Compare bidueiro, bedulo, and bídalo.


carretilla

carretillas (plural)
carretilha (alternative)

wheelbarrow (small vehicle used to carry a load and pulled or pushed by hand)

forklift, lift truck, jitney, fork truck (a small industrial vehicle with a power-operated fork-like pronged platform that can be raised and lowered for insertion under a load, often on pallets, to be lifted and moved)


mosquete

Attested in 1458. From Italian moschetto (“musket”), from moschetta (“Crossbow bolt”), probably through Middle French mouschete.

que lles tomaran ao dito Loys Caldellas duas dobras et triinta mrs e a espada et o mosquete et a capa et huun çinto et un esqueiro

1458, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 341:

they robbed Lois Caldelas two doubloons, thirty mor. and the sword and the musket [crossbow?!] and the cloack and a sheath and a tinderbox


morteiro

Attested since the 13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin mortārium (“mortar”).

mortar (mixture for bonding building blocks)

Dou a mia arameña τ o morteyro de cobre a Santa Maria de Monte de Ramo para a capella.

1281, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 133

I bequeath my bowl and the copper mortar to St. Mary of Montederramo, for the chapel

mortar (small vessel used to grind things)


carreira

From Old Galician-Portuguese carreira, from Early Medieval Latin via carrāria, from Latin carrus, from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós, from *ḱers- (“to run”).

way; a path or traditional road, usually large enough for a cart

run (line of stitches that has come undone)


trabuco

Et os da eglleia fazian moyto mal cõ huũ trabuquo cõ que tirauã de çima da eglleia: lançaua a pedra fasta a Rrua do Camjño.

1460, J. A. Souto Cabo, editor, Crónica de Santa María de Íria, Santiago: Ediciós do Castro, page 102:

And the ones in the church were causing a lot of damage with a trabuchet with which they shoot from the church's top: it was throwing the stones till the Rúa do Camiño street

Salirán cando volvades,
Para traervos en trunfo
Con gaitas e con ferreñas,
Todal as Mozas de rumbo.
Veredes como se botan
Todal as Vellas de bruzos
Para darvos moitos bicos
Por pés, por pernas, e muslos.
Cada Escarapela vosa
Dirán que val un escudo
E para gardal a casa
Tanto coma un bon trabuco.

1808, anonymous author, Un labrador que foi sarxento:

They'll come out on your return [from the war with the French]
to bring you in triumph
with bagpipes and jingles,
all the girls along the way.
You'll see how
all the old ladies lie face down
To give many kisses
on your feet, legs and thighs.
Each one of your cockades
worths a shield, they'll say,
and for guarding the house,
as much as a good blunderbuss


trabuco

Attested since 1697. From Medieval Galician trabuto (“tax”).

Libertounos de trabucos, / Dalcauelas, è de peytos,

1697, Juan Correa Mendoza, Romanze Gallego:

He freed us of tributes, charges and taxes


canivete

15th century. Borrowed from Old French cnivet (“little knife”), from Proto-Germanic *knībaz (“knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *gneybʰ- (“to pinch”).
The meaning "cane","rocket", was transferred from the group cana, canavela, canaveira, "cane".

Quando as ditas llandoas creçeren asy como Nozes, ou mais ou menos, traua dellas llogo et apretaas et fendeas ao llongo con canyuete agudo

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 89:

when these growths become big as nuts, give or take, grab them readily and squeeze them and cut them open lengthwise with a sharp knife

e hus canibetes novos

1438, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI., Vigo: Galaxia, page 172:

(euphemistic, humorous) sexual intercourse


planador

glider, sailplane (any heavier-than-air aircraft optimised for unpowered flight)


cofia

From Late Latin cofia, from Proto-West Germanic *kuffju. Compare Middle High German kupfe (“cap”), Old High German kupphia (“cap”), English coif, French coiffer.

comprarein na vila cousas a desexo: corpiño, manguiñas, cintiñas, ourelos, e mais unha coifa e mais un espello

1746, frei Martín Sarmiento, Coloquio de 24 gallegos rústicos:

I'll buy in town everything I'd wish: bodice, sleeves, ribbons, borders, and a coif and a mirror

coif, hood (traditionally made in lace and worn by women)

cloth-like tissue which surrounds the guts of animals

mando vender a miña cóffea do çendal e hua maça d'açeyro [..] et dous canbaysses e hua cóffea d'armar et mays huun rocín

1361, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 92:

I order to sell my coif of sendal and an iron mace [..] and two cabaysses [?] and a coif of armor and a rowney

(historical) coif (chain mail or cloth headgear)


lorcha

lorchas (plural)
lorche (alternative)
lorcho (alternative)

Unknown. Perhaps from or related to French loche.