vaga

From Old French vague, from Old Norse vágr (“sea”), from Proto-Germanic *wēgaz (“wave, storm”).

swell (a long series of ocean waves, generally produced by wind, and lasting after the wind has ceased)


senso

Learned borrowing from Latin sēnsus (“sense”), perfect passive participle of sēntiō (“I feel, I perceive”), from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to head for, go”).


farmacia

farmacias (plural)
farmácia (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from Ancient Greek φᾰρμᾰκείᾱ (phărmăkeíā).

lbor

pharmacy (science that deals with studying and preparing medicines)

Marchei á tenda, que é tamén a farmacia, cun burato no estómago e unha enorme sensación de ser un verdadeiro canalla con ela e un parvo comigo.

1996, Xavier López Rodríguez, Días de desterro, Edicións Xerais de Galicia, →ISBN:

I left for the store, which is also the pharmacy, with a hole in my stomach and a huge feeling of being a real scoundrel to her and a fool to myself.

pharmacy (establishment where medicines are prepared and sold)


medicina

Learned borrowing from Latin medicina. Doublet of menciña.


bula

Probably from a Celtic substrate language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷew- (“excrement; dung”) or Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”); compare bosta, bouta, busto.


bula

bulas (plural)
bulda (alternative)
buldra (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin bulla (“seal, sealed document; bull”), from Latin bulla (“bubble, rounded object”). Doublet of bóla and bola.


ventre

[ˈbɛn̪.t̪ɾɪ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese ventre, from Latin venter, ventrem, from Proto-Indo-European *wend-tri-.

que vira ao dito Johán, ome do dito prouisor, jaser ençima da dita Tareija do Tyollo et ela que tiña as pernas encrusilladas, descobertas, en çima fasta o ventre, ben brancas, et el que pona en ela as pernas e as maaos por las abryr et non podía, et por que as non quería abrir, que lle daba bofetadas et ela, descabellada, jasendo en terra, et disendo "Ay del Rey, ay del Rey".

1458, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, page 337:

that he saw said Xoán, man of the provisor, lying over said Tareixa do Tiollo; and that she had her legs crossed and naked up to her belly and very white; and that he was putting his hands and legs on her for opening them but couldn't; and that because she didn't want to that he was slapping her, who were disheveled, lying in the ground and saying "Help! Help!".

et que, yndo él fogindo, lle lançara duas lanças e hua que lle dera por lo braço e llo pasara et a outra que lle puxeran por lle dar por lo ventre, et que, quando a vira vir, que a tomara por lo ferro, viindo por lo ayre, et que cortara a maao

1458, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 340:

and that while he was fleeing he was thrown two spears, one that hit him in the arm and pierced it and another that was thrown to hit his belly, but that he, when he saw it coming, took it by the spearhead, while coming through the air, and it cut his hand


cidade

cidades (plural)
Cidá (alternative)
Cividade (alternative)
Subidá (alternative)

[θiˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]

[θiˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]

[siˈð̞a.ð̞ɪ]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cidade, from Latin cīvitātem.

inh+

Nunca foi amante da cidade.

(toponymical) hill-fort, or other Roman or Iron Age ruins


hasta

Attested since circa 1300. From Latin hasta, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰast- (“branch”).

1390, Jose Luis Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117

King Charlemagne understood, and since he was well armed with an excellent chain mail and a very good helm and a very good sword and full with the Grace of God, which was with him, he entered among the lines of the Moors giving large wounds left and right, killing many of them till he arrived where the wagon was, and he hit with the sword the pole where the pennon was and cut it down

Et rrei Calrros entẽdeo, et com̃o estaua armado de moi boa loriga et de moy boo elmo et cõ moy boa espada et cõplido de grraça de Deus, que era cõ el, entrou ontre as azes dos mouros dando moy grãdes feridas a destro et seestro, matãdo moytos deles ata que chegou onde estaua a carreta, et dou cõ a espada ẽna aste en que estaua o pendon et cortoo

Et o dito Lopo d'Amoeyro, non acatando a dita trégoa e en quebrantamento dela, diso que o dito dia donte que foran XVIII dias do dito mes do dito ano, en término da dita friguesía de Codeyro, e sen o dito Lopo Rodrigues faser mal nen dano ao dito Lopo d'Amoeyro, que aderesçara a él por lo matar, díselle çertas palabras desonestas e injuriosas, et que él e outros seus III omes, que lle poseran as lanças enos peytos, por lo matar, e que o dito Lopo d'Ameyro, que alçara a lança e que lle dera con a asta dela por lo rostro e por las narises e por los ollos, o qual y logo y mostrou, inchado as narises e os ollos, ante os ditos juises

1440, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 264:

And the mentioned Lopo de Amoeiro, having not accepted this truce and thence breaking it, he [sic, it refers to another Lopo] said that yesterday, 18th of this month and year, in the circumscription of the parish of Codeiro, and without the mentioned Lopo Rodríguez having caused any harm to that Lopo de Amoeiro, that he came close to him to kill him, and he told him some dishonest and injurious words, and that he and his three men put their spears in his chest, for killing him; and that this Lopo de Amoeiro rose his spear and stroke with the shaft on his nose and eyes, what he then shew, his swollen nose and eyes, before said judges


cultura

culture (tradition of values in human societies)


tradutor

gl-noun

tradutor m (plural tradutores, feminine tradutora, feminine plural tradutoras)

tradutores (plural)
tradutora (feminine)
tradutoras (feminine plural)

translator (a person who translates something)

(proscribed) translator (a language interpreter)


tradutor

translator (a computer program that translates)


boca

From Old Galician-Portuguese boca, from Latin bucca.

Et auj́a o nariz alto por mesura et a boca ben feyta et dentes ben postos et brãcos et o queixo quadrado et o colo longo et as espádoas anchas

1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 275:

He had a high and measured nose and his mouth was well formed; the teeth, well disposed, were white; and the chin was square and the neck long, his shoulders were broad


cruz

From Old Galician-Portuguese cruz, from Latin crux, crucem (“cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”).


herba

From Old Galician-Portuguese erva (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin herba. Cognate, among others, with Portuguese erva and Spanish hierba.


botella

864 Malos demonios as leven unha botella sin viño , unha caixa sin tabaco e unha ola sin touciño.

864 Evil demons take a bottle without wine, a box without tobacco and a bowl without bacon.


maña

From Vulgar Latin *mania (“manual skill”), from Latin manus (“hand”).

Os dentes d'a miña dòna
mòrdenme, cando lle rifo.
Hèilles de pasa-l-a lima

My wife's teeth
bite me when I tell her off.
I'll file them
in case this vice I remove from her.


escola

From Old Galician-Portuguese escola (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ, “spare time, leisure”).

Afonso:
E como està o afillado?
Christobo:
Esse jà quer ir a Escola,
pero porque non tèn sayo
està decote na Eyra
para escorrentar o Gando.
Afonso:
Pois esso non e ben feyto,
porque e vivo coma vn allo,
fino coma vnha pimenta,
e se quer ser Lecenceado
an que venda os bois do jugo
lle teño de dar estado.

1707, Salvador Francisco Roel, Entremés ao real e feliz parto da nosa raíña:

Afonso:
How is doing my godchild?
Christobo:
He already want to go to school,
but since he has no robe
is all the time in the field
to drive away the livestock.
Afonso:
But this is not correct,
because he is smart as a whip,
acute as a pepper grain,
and if he wants to be a bachelor,
even if I have to sell the yoke oxen,
I ought to give him estate.


cada

From Old Galician-Portuguese cada, from Latin cata (“by, for each”), from Ancient Greek κατά (katá).


tristeza

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese tristeza, from Latin trīstitia.


capoeira

Attested since 1707. From capón + -eira.

coop for fattening the capons, which was usually kept inside the house

O xastre sentouse na capoeira, que por tras do caldeiro estaba, picou un cigarro, poñendo mentras o debullaba entre as maus, o papel no labeo, namentras que o patrón botaba un angazo de toxos no lume.

the tailor sat down on the oven's stone, which was behind the cauldron, and prepared a cigarette putting, while handling it, the paper on the lip, whilst the head of household was throwing a bunch of furzes into the fire

flat surface over the oven, where this coop used to be

E pois eu tamén lle ofrezo
duas ducias de regeyfas,
seis moletes, dèz galiñas,
que teño na capoeyra,
e mais vn par de capòs
que m'àn de dar quintafeyra.

And so also I offer her
two dozens loaves,
six muffins, ten hens that
I have in the coop
and a pair of capons
they'll give me Thursday


peruano

gl-noun

peruano m (plural peruanos, feminine peruana, feminine plural peruanas)

peruanos (plural)
peruana (feminine)
peruanas (feminine plural)


taza

Attested since the 13th century (as taça); probably from Old Spanish, from Andalusian Arabic طَاس, from Arabic طَاس (ṭassah), ultimately from Persian.

hũa taça de prata

1299, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., p. 212

Et mando y conmigo a esse moesteyro a minna cama que eu ouver a ora da minna morte e huun vaso de prata de huun marco ou huna taça

1325, E. Portela Silva, editor, La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV. Una sociedad en expansión y en la crisis, Santiago: El Eco Franciscano, page 396:

And I bequeath to this monastery my bed, the one I happen to have at the time of my death, and a silver goblet, weighting a mark, or a cup


cimo

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

(cooking, in the plural) pre-flowering Brassica rapa (turnip) greens, usually consumed in caldo or as a side dish


decembro

decembros (plural)
dezembro (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese dezembro, from Medieval Latin Decembrius, from Latin December.


regalo

Attested since 1707. Probably borrowed from Spanish regalo, likely from French régal (“treat”), from Old French galer (“to enjoy oneself”), which English gala also derives from.

E se eu fora sua Ama,
que de regalos comera
e mais avia d'andar
metida nunha Liteyra.

If I was her milkmaid
so many treats I would eat
and I would go around
inside a litter


roda

From Old Galician-Portuguese roda, from Latin rota (“wheel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).


soar

soares (plural)
soar (impersonal infinitive)
soar (first-person infinitive singular)
soares (infinitive second-person singular)
soar (infinitive personal singular)
soarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
soardes (infinitive plural second-person)
soaren (infinitive personal plural)
soando (gerund)
soado (masculine participle past singular)
soado (first-person masculine participle past singular)
soado (masculine participle past second-person singular)
soados (masculine participle past plural)
soados (first-person masculine participle past plural second-person)
soada (feminine participle past singular)
soada (feminine first-person participle past singular)
soada (feminine participle past second-person singular)
soadas (feminine participle past plural)
soadas (feminine first-person participle past plural second-person)
soo (first-person indicative present singular)
soas (indicative present second-person singular)
soa (indicative present singular)
soamos (first-person indicative plural present)
soades (indicative plural present second-person)
soan (indicative plural present)
soaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
soabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
soaba (imperfect indicative singular)
soabamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
soabades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
soaban (imperfect indicative plural)
soei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
soaches (indicative preterite second-person singular)
soou (indicative preterite singular)
soamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
soastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
soaron (indicative plural preterite)
soara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
soaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
soara (indicative pluperfect singular)
soaramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
soarades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
soaran (indicative pluperfect plural)
soarei (first-person future indicative singular)
soarás (future indicative second-person singular)
soará (future indicative singular)
soaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
soaredes (future indicative plural second-person)
soarán (future indicative plural)
soaría (conditional first-person singular)
soarías (conditional second-person singular)
soaría (conditional singular)
soariamos (conditional first-person plural)
soariades (conditional plural second-person)
soarían (conditional plural)
soe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
soes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
soe (present singular subjunctive)
soemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
soedes (plural present second-person subjunctive)
soen (plural present subjunctive)
soase (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
soases (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
soase (imperfect singular subjunctive)
soásemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
soásedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
soasen (imperfect plural subjunctive)
soar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
soares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
soar (future singular subjunctive)
soarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
soardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
soaren (future plural subjunctive)
soa (imperative positive second-person singular)
soe (imperative positive singular)
soemos (first-person imperative plural positive)
soade (imperative plural positive second-person)
soen (imperative plural positive)
non soes (imperative negative second-person singular)
non soe (imperative negative singular)
non soemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
non soedes (imperative negative plural second-person)
non soen (imperative negative plural)
soar (impersonal infinitive)
soar (first-person infinitive singular)
soares (infinitive second-person singular)
soar (infinitive singular third-person)
soarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
soardes (infinitive plural second-person)
soarem (infinitive plural third-person)
soando (gerund)
soado (first-person masculine participle past singular third-person)
soado (masculine participle past second-person singular)
soados (masculine participle past plural)
soada (feminine first-person participle past singular third-person)
soada (feminine participle past second-person singular)
soadas (feminine participle past plural)
soo (first-person indicative present singular)
soas (indicative present second-person singular)
soa (indicative present singular third-person)
soamos (first-person indicative plural present)
soades (indicative plural present second-person)
soais (indicative plural present second-person)
soam (indicative plural present third-person)
soava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
soavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
soava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
soávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
soávades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
soáveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
soávais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
soavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
soei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
soaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
soache (indicative preterite second-person singular)
soou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
soamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
soastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
soárom (indicative plural preterite third-person)
soaram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
soara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
soaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
soara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
soáramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
soárades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
soáreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
soárais (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
soaram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
soarei (first-person future indicative singular)
soarás (future indicative second-person singular)
soará (future indicative singular third-person)
soaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
soaredes (future indicative plural second-person)
soareis (future indicative plural second-person)
soarám (future indicative plural third-person)
soarão (future indicative plural third-person)
soaria (conditional first-person singular)
soarias (conditional second-person singular)
soaria (conditional singular third-person)
soaríamos (conditional first-person plural)
soaríades (conditional plural second-person)
soaríeis (conditional plural second-person)
soaríais (conditional plural second-person)
soariam (conditional plural third-person)
soe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
soes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
soe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
soemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
soedes (plural present second-person subjunctive)
soeis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
soem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
soasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
soasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
soasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
soássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
soássedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
soásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
soassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
soar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
soares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
soar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
soarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
soardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
soarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
soa (imperative positive second-person singular)
soe (imperative positive singular third-person)
soemos (first-person imperative plural positive)
soade (imperative plural positive second-person)
soai (imperative plural positive second-person)
soem (imperative plural positive third-person)
nom soes (imperative negative second-person singular)
nom soe (imperative negative singular third-person)
nom soemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
nom soedes (imperative negative plural second-person)
nom soeis (imperative negative plural second-person)
nom soem (imperative negative plural third-person)

From Old Galician-Portuguese sõar, from Latin sonāre.

Et alí oyriades a uolta et os braados tã grandes, et o rreuoluer et o bolir tã grande, et o soar dos cornos et dos anafíjs, que esto era hũa grã marauilla.

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 605:

And being there you would hear the racket and the very high voices, and the uproar and restlessness, and the sound of the horns and of the bugles, and all of this was a great wonder


soar

Attested since the 13th century. From proto-Galician *solar, from Latin solum. Compare Spanish solar.

Et damos a uos vn soar en que façades huna casa logo

1290, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Domínguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 415:

And we give you a plot for you to build a house promptly


definición

definicións (plural)
definiçom (alternative)
definição (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin dēfīnītiōnem.


cadeira

[kɑˈð̞ej.ɾɐ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese cadeira, from Vulgar Latin *cathédra, from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “above”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “chair”). Cognate with Portuguese cadeira and Spanish cadera.


cu

From Old Galician-Portuguese cuu, from Latin cūlum (“ass”). Cognate with Portuguese cu.

(vulgar, anatomy) ass, arse, booty, rear, behind, butt, buttocks

faz cristel de huun canudo longo et groso et meteo no cuu do Cauallo, et parao ao sopee et llançalle por aquel cristel aquella decauçon tibya, et tanto que lla llançares tapa lle o Cuu con estopa ou con pano de gisa que non saya ende a decauçon

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 93:

prepare a enema with a long and thick cane and insert it in the anus of the horse, immobilize him and pour by the cane the lukewarm enema, and as soon as you have done that plug the anus with oakum or a cloth, so as the enema doesn't come out


cu

(name of the letter q): Misspelling of que.


fortaleza

From Old Galician-Portuguese fortaleza (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Provençal and Old Occitan fortalessa or Old French forteresce, from Late Latin fortalitia (“fortress”), from Latin fortis (“strong”).

Et mando a meu ffillo Martin affonsi en melloramento sobre os outros ffillos por rrazon do terço a mina casa forte de Peteellos eno alto e eno baixo con seu cural e con suas ffortalezas commo esta

1325, Ermelindo Portela Silva, editor, La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV, Santiago: Tip. El Eco Franciscano, page 399:

I devise to my son Martín Afonso, as a betterment over the rest of my children, a third of my stronghold of Petelos, up and down, with its yard and with its fortresses, as it is now


salvador

gl-noun

salvador m (plural salvadores, feminine salvadora, feminine plural salvadoras)

salvadores (plural)
salvadora (feminine)
salvadoras (feminine plural)


raíz

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese raiz (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rādix, rādīcem. Cognate with Portuguese raiz and Spanish raíz.

inh+

mãtynãsse das froytas que achauã porlos mõtes et das rreyzes das eruas que podiam comer

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 103:

they feed on the fruits they found in the hills and on the plant roots they could eat

A raíz do toxo verde é moi mala de arrincar; os amoriños primeiros son moi malos de olvidar

Green gorse stump is so hard to unroot; first love is so hard to forget


prato

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese prato, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *plattus, borrowed from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), from Proto-Indo-European *pléth₂us, from *pleth₂- + *-us.

etymon

E pois eu doze perdizes,
e de polos ducia e media
lle hei de lebar se Deus quer,
e se podo vnha Tenreyra,
por ser prato regalado
que se estima en calquer mesa.

Then I twelve partridges
and a dozen and a half chickens
I ought to take, God willing,
and if I can a calf [veal]
because it is an enticing dish
that is appreciated in any table.


victoria

victorias (plural)
vitoria (alternative)


inglesa

female equivalent of inglés: Englishwoman


protección

proteccións (plural)
protecçom (alternative)
proteçom (alternative)
proteção (alternative)


ópalo

opal (precious stone consisting of silicon with a variable amount of water)


bebida

[beˈβ̞i.ð̞ɐ]

Nunha ventana hai un vaso e nun vaso unha bebida, e na bebida unha rosa e na rosa unha María.


cambio

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cambio, from Late Latin cambium (“change”), from Latin cambiō (“to change”), from a Celtic language, from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“crooked; bent”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂emb- (“bent”). Cognate with Portuguese câmbio and Spanish cambio.


nevada

[neˈβ̞a.ð̞ɐ]


lamia

lamias (plural)
lâmia (alternative)
lumia (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin lamia, from Ancient Greek Λάμια (Lámia).

lamia (a monster preying upon human beings, who sucked the blood of children, often described as having the head and breasts of a woman and the lower half of a serpent)


lamia

Attested from 1371. From Old Galician-Portuguese (albeit not documented in Portugal); from Latin lāmina (“plate”).

Demays lançaron lámeas trauesas grandes de ferro enna porta do dito thesouro con clauos que passauan da outra parte, en tal maneyra, que os enssarraron enno dito thesouro; et en todo aquel dia non les leixaron dar nen auer pan, nen vino, nen outra vianda nihua

1371, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, Madrid: Ediciones Castilla, page 434:

And also they nailed large crossed iron plates on that treasury's door, with nails that pierced through the door, so that they were shut up in the mentioned treasury; and throughout that day they didn't let them have bread, nor wine, nor any other viand whatsoever


magnolia

magnolias (plural)
magnólia (alternative)


calor

Attested since circa 1300. From Latin calor, calōrem.

do vmor et da calor se criam todas las cousas

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 247:


planeta

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese planeta f or m, from Latin planēta, from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs) variant of πλάνης (plánēs, “wanderer, planet”), from πλανάω (planáō, “wander about, stray”), of unknown origin.


feminazi

gl-noun

feminazi m or f by sense (plural feminazis)

Calque of English feminazi: blend of feminista + nazi.


dengue

(clothing) kind of cape which, worn as a jacket, is part of the traditional women's attire of Galicia and Asturias


estudio

studio (place where radio or television is recorded)


busca

From Old Galician-Portuguese busca. Deverbal from buscar.

1354, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). (Edición diplomática). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 237;

I give you all said right and voice and action, prosecution and complaint, I have against said Afonso Anes because of the leasehold charter of said farm and property of Seares

douuos todo o dito dereyto et uoz et auçon, busca et demanda que eu ey contra o dito Affonso Eanes por rason do praso de arrendamento que el a min fezo do dito casal et herdade de Seares


vivo

From Old Galician-Portuguese vivo, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”).

a decorative band along the border of a cloth


doce

From Old Galician-Portuguese doze, from Latin duodecim.

Son as doce

(always preceded by the definite article) twelve o'clock


doce

doces (plural)
dulce (alternative proscribed)

From Old Galician-Portuguese doce, from Latin dulcis (“sweet”).


rapariga

From Old Galician-Portuguese rapariga (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably from rapaz.


americano

americano m (plural americanos, feminine americana, feminine plural americanas)

americanos (plural)
americana (feminine)
americanas (feminine plural)

dixei o engoumado vello de monteira e calzón de boca de cadela, o americano de ponche e pariaguas cun puño de óso...

1885, Lisardo Rodríguez Barreiro, Unha visita a Rosalía de Castro:

I passed by the shrunken old man of monteira and old fashioned pants, the American with punch and umbrella with bone handle...

local who has come back from the Americas, frequently with a sizeable capital

United States of America
United States of America#English

American (native or citizen of the United States of America)


meco

a puppet or scarecrow which is burned after some celebrations

Parablennius gattorugine
Wikispecies:Parablennius gattorugine

tompot blenny (Parablennius gattorugine)


meco

meco m (plural mecos, feminine meca, feminine plural mecas)

mecos (plural)
meca (feminine)
mecas (feminine plural)


monte

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese monte m, from Latin montem m. Compare Portuguese monte m.

inh+

[…]et britaredes o monte que esta por vritar en as ditas leyras, et prantarlos edes de vina[…]

1466 December 3, Afonso de Moure, Frey Gómez, monje de Chantada, Chantada; republished as José Méndez Pérez, Pablo S. Otero Piñeyro Maseda, Miguel Romaní Martínez, editors, El monasterio de san Salvador de Chantada (siglos XI-XVI): historia y documentos (Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos; XL), Santiago de Compostela: CSIC, 2016, →ISBN, page 516:

And you'll break the wilderness that is pending on that plots, and you'll plant it with vines.

Mentres soportaba o habitual atoamento de tránsito da mañá, non tivo máis remedio que decatarse de que parecía haber un monte de xente vestida de forma rara.

2002, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e a pedra filosofal, Editorial Galaxia, →ISBN, page 10:

As he sat in the usual morning traffic jam, he couldn't help noticing that there seemed to be a lot of strangely dressed people about.


ría

Attested since 1432. From río (“river”).

o dito seu lugar e vila da Proba ena ria dela

1448, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, Madrid: Ediciones Castilla, page 560:

said place and town of A Pobra [do Caramiñal] in its bay

Et logo comesçou a rreparrar o castello do Est por gardar a terra dos ysmaelitas et normanos, que entrauã porla rria e estragauã toda a terra.

1460, Rui Vasques, Crónica de Santa María de Iria, Santiago: Ediciós do Castro, page 135:

And then he began to repair the castle of Oeste, for protecting the country from the Ismaelites and the Norsemen, who used to enter through the bay, then wasting all the land

(geography) Geographical coastal landform where a river valley is partially subducted under the sea level; similar to a firth, although usually translated into English cartography as bay


veo

veos (plural)
vío (alternative)
veu (alternative)

Probably derived or akin to Late Latin vibia (“crosspiece”) which was perhaps borrowed from Gaulish; if just akin, then from a local Celtic *vibio-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, to twine”). Cognate with Portuguese veio.

der

peg under the bed of the cart used for tying and securing the load

dowel, pin (a piece of wood or metal used to fasten or as a bearing between two parts)

part of the vertical axis of a water mill

plaited frame used to protect a haystack

each one of the twigs used to plait that frame


reo

gl-noun

reo m (plural reos, feminine rea, feminine plural reas)

reos (plural)
rea (feminine)
reas (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin reus (“accused”). Compare Portuguese réu.


reo

Probably from Late Latin rhēdō, of probable Gaulish origin.

Iten a libra dos corvelos et mugees et robalos et robaliças et reos et vesugos et douradas … a quatro dineiros cada libra

1417, Ángel Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 75

Item, the pound of young pollacks and of mullets and of basses and of young basses and of sea trouts and of seabreams and of gilt-head breams …, four diñeiros each pound


forro

Borrowed from French feurre, from Old French fuerre, from Frankish *fodar, from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą, from Proto-Indo-European *pātróm (“food”).


ciencia

[ˈθjɛn̪.θjɐ]

[ˈθjɛn̪.θjɐ]


guerrilla

guerrilla (small official or unofficial military troop)


unto

14th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese unto, from Latin unctum (“ointment; savory dish”).

Miña nay ten unto vello dos porcos que ha de matar / tamen verzas na horta das coias que ha de prantar.

My mother has old lard of the pigs she'll kill / and also has cabbages in the garden, of the seeds she'll plant.

hordenaron que qual quer persona de fora parte que trouxer a vender a dita çera ou untos ou manteiga ou aseite, que page de cada libra de çera un diñeiro.

1439, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 418:

they commanded that any foreigner that would bring and sell wax or lards or butter or oil, that he should pay a diñeiro for each pound

(countable, uncountable) lard; delicate and tasty fat of the abdomen of the pig which is usually preserved salted and smoked, and used in the elaboration of caldo


caca

Onomatopoeic; or either from a substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *kakkā. Compare Welsh cach and English caca.


ATP

adenosín trifosfato
adenosín trifosfato#Galician

(biochemistry) Initialism of adenosín trifosfato (“ATP”).


presunto

From Vulgar Latin *persunctu, ultimately from Classical Latin suctus, perfect passive participle of sugō.


perigo

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese perigoo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably a semi-learned evolution of Latin perīculum (“danger”). Compare Portuguese perigo.

inh+

et entõ leuãtarse a hũa tã grãde tẽpestade, que por pouquo a naue seera afondada, et os cõpaneiros et os outros que y foren, cõ medo de morte, chamarã Nostro Señor que por lo rrogo de Santiago os liure do perigoo d'aquela tẽpestade.

1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 59:

and then a large tempest will rise, which will nearly cause the ship to sink, and the companions and the others being there, with fear of death, will ask Our Lord that, through the request of Saint James, free them of the danger of said tempest


cerca

14th century. Probably a back-formation from Old Galician-Portuguese cercar (“to wall; to enclose”), from Late Latin circāre, present active infinitive of circō; or from a Vulgar Latin circa (compare Spanish cerca, northern Italian cerca, French cerce), from the feminine of Latin circus.


filipino

gl-noun

filipino m (plural filipinos, feminine filipina, feminine plural filipinas)

filipinos (plural)
filipina (feminine)
filipinas (feminine plural)


aro

Unclear. Perhaps from local Medieval Latin arum (“monastical farmland”), from Latin arvum, from arvus, with posterior semantic evolution "lands of a monastery" > "border" > "ring". Alternatively, from a substrate language.

unk

Unclear


elo

From Old Galician-Portuguese *ãelo, from Latin anellus. Doublet of anel, a borrowing from Occitan.


calma

From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma.


peto

13th century. Unknown. From *pētto, perhaps onomatopoeic, but note Proto-Indo-European *(s)peyk- (“woodpecker”) (Latin pīcus, Danish spætte).

Iten tordos et melrras cada hũu a coroado. Iten petos et pegas et agoanetas a quatro coroados cada ũu. Iten pasaros miudos et ouos a coroado.

1418, Ángel Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 95

Item thrushes and blackbirds, each one one crown. Item, woodpeckers and magpies and snipes, four crowns each one. Item, small birds and eggs, a crown.

1288, Antonio López Ferreiro (ed.), Historia de la Santa A. M. Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela, V, nº 43, pages 113-115

with money of the moneybox and other purses

iten vnna yxola de peto, iten un escoupre, iten vn traado, iten vnna tarabela, iten dous bingueletes, iten duas serras de mao

1485, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 286:

item, a pocket adze; item, a chisel; item, a drill; item, an auger; item, two gimlets; item, two handsaws


pino

From Gothic or Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge”).


poder

From Old Galician-Portuguese poder, from Vulgar Latin potēre, regularization of Latin posse.


footing

From French footing, pseudo-anglicism, from English foot (“foot, to walk”) + -ing.

jogging (as a form of exercise), running


verga

From Latin virga (“twig, stick”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *wisgeh₂ (“flexible rod or stick”).

inh

twisted twig (usually wicker or other flexible wood) used for binding

por o que as uezes lle faz huun pouco jnchar os Colloos et a verga et faz lle a mehude feryr os jllaaes

because sometimes it causes the horse's testicles and penis to slightly swell, and frequently injuries his belly

a dita vosa pinaça ben estanqua de agoa de costado e ben aparellada de boo masto et verga et treu et de ancoras et de caabres et de todos los outros aparellos que lle fezeren mester

1433, A. Rodríguez González & J. Armas Castro (eds.), Minutario notarial de Pontevedra (1433-1435). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 22

the aforementioned pinnace of yours, watertight on the sides and well prepared with a good mast and yard and sails and anchors and cables and all of the rigging she could need


insignia

insignias (plural)
insígnia (alternative)


selo

From Old Galician-Portuguese seello, from Latin sigillum.


sina

From Old Galician-Portuguese sina (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin signa, plural of Latin signum.


uz

uces (plural)
uce (alternative)
urce (alternative)

From Latin ulex, itself from a local substrate language. Compare Portuguese urze, Spanish urce.

Erica australis
Wikispecies:Erica australis

(botany) heather (especially any of several shrub species in the genus Erica)

Erica arborea
Erica arborea#Translingual

Calluna vulgaris
Calluna vulgaris#Translingual

et abedes de leuantar enno dicto lugar huna casa enno dicto lugar, de pedra, cuberta de huzes et de culmo

1458, José-Luis Novo Cazón, editor, El priorato santiaguista de Vilar de Donas en la Edad Media (1194-1500), A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 413:

You should build there a house at that place, made of stone, covered with heather and thatch

Dado que existe toxo albar e que albar e mesmo albariña significa nalgunhas zonas de Galicia uz, carpaza, breixo, penso que cabería tamén a posibilidade de interpreta-las rans albariñas como rans dos breixos.

1986, Constantino García, Grilos e ralos, rans albariñas in Actas do Congresso internacional de estudos sobre Rosalia de Castro e o seu tempo, volume 3, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, page 78

Considering that there is toxo albar and that albar and even albariña mean, in some regions of Galicia, heather, rockrose, heaths, I think we could also interpret rans albariñas as rockrose frogs.


restaurante

Fomos cear a un restaurante italiano.

We went to an Italian restaurant for dinner.


béisbol

[ˈbɛjz̺.β̞ɔɫ]


semana

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese semana, from Late Latin septimāna (“week”), from Latin septimānus (“related to the seventh element of a series”, adjective), from septimus (“seventh”).

der

Has de saber que carta feira da primeira semana de Frebeiro chegaronche a este lugar vinte e catro.

You have to know that the fair letter of the first week of February reached this place the twenty-four.


esfera

From Late Latin sphēra, from Latin sphaera (“ball, globe, celestial sphere”), from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball, globe”).


puta

From Old Galician-Portuguese puta, probably from a Vulgar Latin *pūtta, variant of *puta, female form of *puttus, putus (“boy”), which is however a hapax legomenon of dubious reading. Cognate with French pute, Catalan puta, Spanish puta, Portuguese puta, Asturian puta, as well as Old Italian putta (“girl”).

1459, Anselmo López Carreira (ed.), Fragmentos de notarios, doc. 164;
Iten Costança de Riba davia diso porlo dito juramento que feito avya que lle oyra diser que disera a dita Costança Vasques que era huna puta que posera as cornas ao marido
Item, Constanza de Ribadavia said, by that oath that she had done, that she heard that said Constanza Vázquez was a slut that had put horns on her husband


alfombra

From Andalusian Arabic الحنبل (al-ḥánbal), from Arabic حَنْبَل (ḥanbal, “ceremonial tapestry”).


esquina

From Old Galician-Portuguese esquina (attested in the Galician Cantigas de Santa Maria c. 1264) perhaps from Gothic *𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌰 (*skina), from Proto-Germanic *skinō (“rim, plate”). Cognate with French échine (“spine of an animal”) and English shin.

estando y Martín Peres de Trella fasendo hua parede á esquina da parede de hua sua casa

1432, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros, Vigo: Galaxia, page 89:

Being there Martin Perez de Trella, who was building a wall next to the corner of the wall of a house that belongs to him


abrelatas

From abre (“it opens”) + latas (“cans”).

(US, CA) can opener/can-opener, (UK, AU) tin opener/tin-opener (device to open tin cans)


abrebotellas

From abre (“it opens”) + botellas (“bottles”).


cepa

From Old Galician-Portuguese cepa, from Latin cippus (“post”).

stump; also the trunk of a living tree that has suffered many prunings


dólar

dollar (designation for specific currency)


diversión

diversións (plural)
diversom (alternative)
diversão (alternative)

From Medieval Latin diversiō, from Latin dīversus (“opposite; apart; diverse”), past participle of dīvertō (“I divert; I separate”).

der

the act or result of diverging (to tend into different directions)

attraction (something that draws interest)

recreation (activity that diverts, amuses or stimulates)


labrador

gl-noun

labrador m (plural labradores, feminine labradora, feminine plural labradoras)

labradores (plural)
labradora (feminine)
labradoras (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese lavrador, from Latin labōrātor, labōrātorem, equivalent to labrar + -dor.


rapa

Da rapa á rebola veña o Demo e escolla

In between the strickle and the screed, let the demon choose

tool for detaching mussels and barnacles from the rocks


impermeable

impermeables (plural)
impermeábel (alternative)

From Latin impermeābilis, equivalent to im- + permeable.


finlandés

finlandés m (plural finlandeses, feminine finlandesa, feminine plural finlandesas)

finlandeses (plural)
finlandesa (feminine)
finlandesas (feminine plural)
finlandês (alternative)


rapaz

From Old Galician-Portuguese rapaz (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), borrowed from Latin rapāx, rapācem (“who robs, plunders”).


rapaz

rapaz m (plural rapaces, feminine rapaza, feminine plural rapazas)

rapaces (plural)
rapaza (feminine)
rapazas (feminine plural)

unk

Debated

da outra parte en dereyto estaua hũ rrapaz pequeno [...] tijña ẽna mão hũa pelota pequena, et asynaua pera a deytar á agia, et ela fogía et voaua ata que a pelota passaua per ela

1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 440:

in the other side, on the right, there was a young boy … who held in his hand a small ball, and he was making signals to throw it to the eagle, and the eagle fled and flew until the ball passed by


suspense

From French suspense, from English suspense.


cela

From Old Galician-Portuguese cela (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cella.

cell, cubicle (in a prison or a monastery)


esperanza

esperanzas (plural)
esperança (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese asperança, from Latin spērāns, from spērō. Corresponds to esperar + -anza. Compare Portuguese esperança, Spanish esperanza, French espérance, Italian speranza.

etymon

A esperanza longa o corazón acora


bigote

Perhaps from German bei Gott (“by God”), because, when taking an oath, some men, once they said "by God", aimed at the superior lip with the index finger, symbolising forming the cross with the fingers and kissing it. Compare Portuguese bigode.

moustache, mustache; moustaches, mustaches


novo

From Old Galician-Portuguese novo, from Latin novus, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.

Algúns vellos pensan que os novos só queren estar de troula

Some old people think that youngsters just want to have fun


mota

que o dicto martin bezerra e a sua moller façan tirar et derribar todos los penedos et pedras de mota que estan cabo da dicta casa sobre la terra os que poderen tirar con palancos de ferro et de madeyro et a maos de omes et que os tiren da mota et que os lançen contra o rrio et façan a mota chaa

1395, Miguel González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 557:

the aforementioned Martin Becerra and his wife should order the toppling of every boulder and every stone of the motte which is by the aforementioned house, with iron levers, and wood levers, and by the hands of men; they should be removed from the motte and thrown into the river, and they should flatten the motte


crónica

From Latin chronica, from Ancient Greek.


seta

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese saeta (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sagitta.

que seyron do dito castello os ditos tres omens e aderençaran a él por lo matar, dentro na dita vyña, e hun deles le puxara hua seta por lo matar, e quando vyra a balesta armada, que fogira por la vyña e foron pus él por llo matar, et de feyto o mataran con a dita seeta, senón Deus que o quyso gardar, e como le remesaran a dita seta, que le remesaran hua pedra e que le deran con ela ena caueça

1458, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 337:

that the aforementioned three men left the castle and came towards him for killing him, in that vineyard, and one of them took an arrow, and when he saw the crossbow armed he ran way, but they came after him for killing him, and actually they would have killed him with that arrow if not because God wanted to protect him, and as they threw that arrow, they also threw a stone which hit him in the head


brosa

Probably from Old French brosse (“brush, undergrowth”), compare French brosse (“brush”), itself of obscure origin but which could be ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bruskaz (“brush, undergrowth”). Compare also Galician broza (“brushwood, undergrowth”).


á

From Old Galician-Portuguese aa (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin ala. Compare Portuguese á. Doublet of ala.

c1350, K. M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto "Padre Sarmiento", page 30

Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
Eu veño con asas negras
Cortando os ventos de longe
Para chegar à estas festas.

1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:

The raven speaks, listen everyone:
"I come with black wings
Cutting the winds from afar
To arrive to these feasts"


lugar

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lugar, logar, from Late Latin locālis, locālem (“local”), from Latin locus.


sorte

From Old Galician-Portuguese sorte (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sors, sortem (“lot; fate”). Cognate with Portuguese sorte and Spanish suerte.

lot (a distinct portion or plot of rural land, usually smaller than a field)


planta

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese planta, from Latin planta.

(botany) plant (an organism of the kingdom Plantae)


auga

augas (plural)
agua (alternative)
augua (alternative)
augha (alternative)
agoa (alternative obsolete)

From Old Galician-Portuguese auga (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), augua, agoa; from older agua (through metathesis), from Latin aqua, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂.

Auga corrente non mata xente

[Drinking] running water doesn't kill people

(countable, usually in the plural) baths, hot springs


bita

From French bitte (“bitt”), from Old Norse biti (“beam”).


falla

From Old Galician-Portuguese falla (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from a Vulgar Latin *fallia, possibly through the intermediate or influence of Old French faille or Old Occitan falha. The geological sense is a more modern one from French.


amata

Attested since the 18th century. Back-formation from matar.

scratch or wound caused by the harness or saddle on a mount


machete

a mediocre method for obtaining somewhat accurate results; a shortcut


tía

From Old Galician-Portuguese tia, from Late Latin thia, from Ancient Greek θεία (theía).

A miña tía é a irmá do meu pai ou da miña nai.

My aunt is my mother's or father's sister.

¡Tías boas!


ídolo

From Old Galician-Portuguese ydolo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin īdōlum, from Ancient Greek εἴδωλον (eídōlon, “image, idol”), from εἶδος (eîdos, “form”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).


monge

monges (plural)
monja (feminine)
monjas (feminine plural)


tinta

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese tinta, tĩta, from Latin tincta (“dyed”), perfect passive participle of tingō (“dye”, verb).

inh+

Boa tĩta se deue faser en esta guisa: Para hũu neto de tĩta, õça e media de agalla

1457, Fernando R. Tato Plaza, editor, Libro de notas de Álvaro Pérez, notario da Terra de Rianxo e Postmarcos, Santiago: Concello da Cultura Galega, page 173:

The good ink must be prepared in this manner: for preparing a neto of ink, an ounce and a half of oak gall ..

ink (the black or dark-colored fluid ejected by squid, octopus etc, as a protective strategy)

a particular sickness of the chestnut trees


montaña

montañas (plural)
montanha (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese montanna (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Early Medieval Latin montānia, a collective based on Latin montem. Compare Portuguese montanha, Spanish montaña.

Alá de donde vimos na montaña a miseria é tan grande que non pode a xente se queixar

1853, J. M. Pintos, A Gaita Gallega, page 58:

There, where we came from, in the highlands, misery is so large that people can't even complain


niño

niños (plural)
nin (alternative)
nío (alternative)
ninho (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese *nio, from Latin nīdus (“nest”), from Proto-Italic *nizdos (“nest”), from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“nest”).

Dempois vin dúas lavandeiras que depenicaban unha espiga de trigo na leira de Xan de Pedreira, unha pomba que voaba pró souto de Fonte Boa, unha péga que fuxía de un lagarteiro, catro corvos que espaturraban un canciño morto na carballeira, un melro que asubiaba entre as follas dun cereixo, un carpinteiro que facía o burato pró seu niño; e unha laverca que rebulía no aire, con unha miñoquiña no pico.

1894, Luís Otero Pimentel, Truada de rapaces:

After this I saw two wagtails which were pecking a wheat spike at the field of Xan de Pedreira, a dove flying to the wood of Fonte Boa, a magpie fleeing from a kestrel, four ravens which were clawing at a dead pup at the oak grove, a blackbird whistling in the leaves of a cherry tree, a woodpecker making the hole of its nest; and a lark fluttering in the air with a little earthworm in its beak.


cacique

Borrowed from Spanish cacique, from Taíno *kasike or Lokono kassequa, cazaqah (“chieftain; power”).

(historical) chieftain (native American chief in a tribe)

Poucos terán boas lembranzas do ano que se foi, porque escomenzou mal e non poido acabar pior. O inverno foi crúo, a primadeira esmorecida e chuviosa, o vrau abafante, o outono desleigado. Día por día pasáro-no contando os seus traballos e coitas os labregos, agardando pola súa redención os que viven escravos dos caciques d'aldea, pensando na súa terriña os emigrantes que morren lonxe dela, aduanando falcatruadas os que trunfan e medran á conta dos máis

1885, O Tío Marcos da Portela, II, 60, page 1:

Few people will have good memories of last year, because it started badly and couldn't have ended worse: winter was harsh, spring rainy and faint, summer stifling, autumn sloppy. Day after day, the peasant spent their time telling about their troubles and disgraces, waiting for their redemption the ones who live enslaved by village tyrants, longing their land the emigrants who die far away from her, plotting frauds those who trump and grow at the expense of others.

Antes de rubir ó puleiro, non fan máis que cacarexar qu'han facer i acontecer, pro non se ve outra cousa dempois máis qu'os benfeitos que reciben tódo-los que teñen a sorte de ll'axudar nas falcatrúas, pr'amocar ós que non son do pau, e nas trécolas pra conquerir sona co cacique maor, que dende Madril diuta disposiciós d'intrés particolar prós seus nagocios.

(the councillors) before climbing onto the perch do nothing but cackle about what they'll do and what will be, but then you don't see anything other than the benefits received by all who have the fortune to help them in their frauds, to pester those who don't belong to the same suit, and the tricks to gain fame with the great cacique, who from Madrid dictates dispositions of particular interest for his own business.

este pandeiro que toco
por moito que repenique
non teñas medo que rache

1977, Suso Vaamonde / traditional, Ua! (song)

this tambourine I play,
no matter how much I drum it,
have no fear, it won't break,
'cause is made of tyrant skin

(by extension, derogatory) a very powerful person, in particular one who abuses and imposes his power locally for political gain; fat cat; tyrant


posta

From Old Galician-Portuguese posta (“slice, piece”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin positus.


parede

From Old Galician-Portuguese parede, from Late Latin parētem, from Latin parietem m. Compare Portuguese parede, Spanish pared.

wall, especially of a room or a building


goto

15th century. From Latin guttur (“throat”). Compare French goitre.

estas llandooas jnchanse de gisa que asy apretan as gorgomellas et estreitan o goto por que espira o Cauallo

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 89:

this glands swell to the point that they squeeze the pharynx and narrow the throat, through which the horse breathes


targa

From Proto-Germanic *targǭ (“edge”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰorgʰ- (“edge, seam”): compare Old Norse targa (“small round shield”) and Old High German zarga (“edge, rim”).

der

a wooden ring or a loop in a string, used for fastening it


pano

From Old Galician-Portuguese pano, from Latin pannus. Cognate with Portuguese pano and Spanish paño.

¡Qué de panos froreados
 dos máis vivos cores cheos,
 tan rechamantes ós ollos
 por iso mesmo escolleitos!

1882, José Benito Amado, A Romería, page 47:

Such flowery headscarves
 filled with the most vivid colours,
 so flashy to the eyes
 by this same reason selected!

Auen aas uezes que da dita enfirmidade ou freura da cabeça juntanse os homores et corren aos ollos et fazenos llagrimeiar, et aas uezes aduz aos ollos nuuẽs et escuriduen et aas uezes pano, das quaes doores o Cauallo non pode ueer asy como conuen

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 111:

Sometimes it happen that because of this sickness or head fever, the humours came together and run into the eyes and make them teary, an sometimes it came to the eyes clouds and darkness, and sometimes cloth [cataract], and because of these aches the horse can not see as convenient


cara

From Old Galician-Portuguese cara, from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cara, from Ancient Greek κάρα (kára, “head, face”).

Os anos que botei soñando con este momento
Funche compoñendo un discurso co tempo.
Na cabeza creaba imaxes claras

2016, Malandrómeda, Encontro con !@#$%!! [song]

The years I passed dreaming with this moment
I composed a discourse along the time.
Inside my head I was making a clear image
of your eyes, while you was listening to me, and of your gestures

Dos teus ollos, escoitándome, e das túas caras


eche

From Suevic * agjō (compare English edge, Dutch egge, German Ecke, Swedish egg, Norwegian egg).


carioca

gl-noun

carioca m or f by sense (plural cariocas)

an inhabitant of the city of Rio de Janeiro


carioca

Merluccius merluccius
Merluccius merluccius#Translingual

young or immature hake (Merluccius merluccius)


grama

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Latin grāmina (“grasses”), plural of grāmen. Cognate with Portuguese grama and Spanish grama.

Elymus repens
Elymus repens#Translingual

grass, in particular
couch grass (Elymus repens)

Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylon#Translingual

grass, in particular
Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)

grass, in particular
velvetgrass (Holcus lanatus)

grass, in particular
wheatgrass (Agropyron)


mantel

Attested in Galician since the 13th century. Ultimately from Ecclesiastical Latin mantēle, mantēlium.

cada ano unos bóós mantééns de VIIIj. uaras enlongo et de v. palmos en ancho parao refertoyro da grana

1257, A. Martínez Salazar, editor, Documentos gallegos de los siglos XIII al XVI, A Coruña: Casa de la Misericordia, page 25:

each year, some good tablecloth, 8 yards long and 5 palms wide, for the refectory of the farm

1459, A. López Carreira (ed.), Fragmentos de notarios, doc. D40a

Item, two iron candlesticks, a scrapper for bread, a basket with tablecloths

Iten dous candeiros de ferro, hun rello de rellar pan, hun qestella de mantees cobertoyras


reste

restes (plural)
rastra (alternative)
resta (alternative)
restra (alternative)

plait of garlics or onions, for its preservation


parente

parente m or f by sense (plural parentes)

From Old Galician-Portuguese parente, from Latin parentem, accusative singular of parēns.


trimestre

[t̪ɾiˈmɛs̺.t̪ɾɪ]


vaxa

vaxas (plural)
gaxa (alternative)
vaixa (alternative)
varxa (alternative)

Apparently from Latin *vagina, from vagīna. Doublet of vaíña. Compare also Portuguese vagem.


arras

From Old Galician-Portuguese arras, attested in local Latin documents since the 9th century. From Latin arrhas (“down payment”).

Ano de oytenta e quatro, a oyto dias de agosto, ena Rúa Nova da çibdad d'Ourense, Fernán de Moure, mercador, e sua muller Lionor Gonçalues e seu fillo Afonso de Moure, que todos tres estaban presentes, moradores en Chantada, huus con liçençia dos outros e os outros dos outros, espeçialmente o dito Afonso de Moure, con liçençia e outorgamento e consentimiento dos ditos seus padre e madre, dou en arras e en pura doaçón a Elvira , filla de Afonso de Prado e de sua muller Elvira Fernandes que sya nóbea en tanbo, eno sotó das casas de Lopo de Deça, canónigo, que son ena dita Rúa Nova, por vyrgynidade do seu corpo, os lugares de Faluche, con seus caseyros e casas e herdades e términos

1484, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 184:

Year the eighty-four, eight days of August, in the Rúa Nova [New Street] of the city of Ourense, Fernán de Moure, merchant, and his wife Leonor González and their son Afonso de Moure, all the three present, inhabitants in Chantada, with mutual license, especially said Afonso de Moure with the license and grant and consent of said father and mother; he gave in dowry as pure donation to Elvira, daughter of Afonso de Prado and of his wife Elvira Fernández, being the bride in the nuptial chamber in the ground floor of the houses of Lopo de Deza, canon, which are in said Rúa Nova, for the virginity of her body, the hamlet of Faluche, with its tenants and houses and properties and limits

(historical) dowry: money and properties the groom granted the bride when marrying

a set of thirteen coins that the groom handles the bride during a Catholic wedding


cama

From Old Galician-Portuguese cama, from Late Latin cama (6th century, Isidore of Seville), probably from Paleo-Hispanic.

Iten, mando mays á dita Contança Gonçales, miña muller, a quarta parte da adega dos Vrancos, por quanto eu e ela conpramos a metade da dita adega a Meen Suares Galinato, e mándolle mays a cuba en que teño o viño branco e mays outras duas cubas que son dentro ena dita adega aa maao esquerda, vasyas, que teñen cada una doze moyos de lagar, e mays lle mando una cama de roupa con quatro cabeçaás e un colchón e un almadraque e con suas sabaas e media duzia d'almofadas e con hua manta de picote, e se ouver em casa un par de colchas, que aja ela una delas.

1484, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 127

Item, I devise said Constanza González, my wife, a fourth of the wine cellar of Os Brancos, since we both bought a half of it from Men Suarez Galiñato; and I also bequeath a cask in which I have the white wine, and also two other casks that are inside that wine cellar, on the left, empty, each one having twelve modii; and also bequeath to her a clothed bed with four pillows and a mattress and a mat, and with its sheets and half a dozen cushions and a blanket of coarse linen, and if there is in the house a pair of quilts, she should have one of them


nabo

From Old Galician-Portuguese nabo (attested from 1257 in Galician documents), from Latin nāpus (“turnip”).

Pedro Periz filou vun nabo con ſuas uerſſas na mao da dita curtina τ meteuo ao dito abade na mao, dizendo que la entregaua a dita curtina τ aſ ditas caſas como ſuas

1283, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 191

Pedro Pérez took in his hand a turnip of the aforementioned farmland, with its greens, and put it in the hand of the abbot, while saying that the was giving back this farmland with its buildings

(botany, cooking) turnip (Brassica rapa)


arteria

Learned borrowing from Latin artēria, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (ărtērĭ́ā).


nata

1257. Probably from the same origin as the French natte (“mat”).


rede

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese rede (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rēte.

inh+

Homes sandios et jente louqua, nõ deuedes a chamar Santiago caualeiro mais pescador que leixou o barquo et as redes ẽno mar de Galilea et foyse cõ Nostro Señor, et el fezoo pescador dos homes porque por la sua preegaçõ gaanou moytas almas para el.

1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 208:

Ignorant men and fool people, you shouldn't call Saint James knight but fisherman, because he left his ship and the nets in the sea of Galilee and went away with Our Lord, and He made him a fisherman of men, because through his preaching he gained many souls for Him

fishing net (mesh of strings used to trap fish)

network (an interconnected group or system)

(Internet) the Net; the Web (the Internet)

business chain (businesses with the same brand name)


terreo

terreos (plural)
tarrén (alternative)
tarreo (alternative)
tarreu (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese terreo, from Latin terrēnus, from Proto-Indo-European *ters-. Cognate with Portuguese terreno and Spanish terreno.

etymon

é ó mesmo que tornar os paxaros de un tarreo para que non coman ó grao, é deixar ó mesmo tempo portelos abertos para que ó coman os porcos

1812, Ramón González Serna, Carta Recomendada:

it is the same as driving away the birds from a terrain so that they don't eat the grain, and then leaving the gates open for the pigs to do it


ceo

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ceo (“sky; heaven”), 13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria; from Latin caelum (“sky”). Cognate with Portuguese céu and Spanish cielo.

inh+

1326, López Ferreiro, Antonio (ed.): Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 294

Mary the Virgin, advocate of the sinners and aid of the afflicted, complete of every virtue and of every saintliness over all the other creature that God wanted to make in Heaven as well as in Earth

Maria virgen que he auogada dos pecadores et acorremento dos cuitados complida de todas uirtudes et de todas santidades sobrelas outras criaturas que deus quis facer enno ceo et enna terra

1326, López Ferreiro, Antonio (ed.): Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 295

I bequeath this my bed, as it is, with its clothes and with its curtains and ceiling

mando esta mia cama assy como iaz con sous panos et con suas cortinas et ceo


curro

Attested in local Latin documents since the 10th century. Perhaps from Latin curro (“cart”) or from Latin curriculum. Cognate with Spanish corro.

et outro marco esta no monte a su a mota da torre, et outro ao poonbar da torre, et outro esta na carreyra a sobre lo curro da torre

1473, M. Romaní Martínez, M. P. Rodríguez Suárez, editors, Libro tumbo de pergamino. Un códice medieval del monasterio de Oseira, Santiago de Compostela: Tórculo, page 50:

and another boundary stone is in the hill, by the mottle of the tower, and another at the tower's dovecote, and another at the road over the tower's wall


parola

From Spanish parola, from Italian parola, from Latin parabola (“word”). Doublet of palabra and parábola.

Váian ao inferno a beber,
Que a min ben me xiringaron
E, entre mangas e riostras,
Trecentos reás vöaron.
Débenme, Dios sabe canto,
O menos trint’e set’olas
E coidaban os larpeiros
De pagarmas con parolas.

c. 1840, Ramón Varela Vahamonde, Conversa entre os arrieiros:

Let them go to Hell to drink,
because they harmed me very much
and, among other things,
three hundred reals flew away.
They owe me God knows how much,
at least a hundred and fifty gallons,
and the gluttons thought of
paying me with banter.


asa

From Old Galician-Portuguese (its derivative asado is attested since 1519), from Vulgar Latin asa, from Latin ansa. Compare Portuguese asa, Spanish asa.

Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
Eu veño con asas negras
Cortando os ventos de longe
Para chegar à estas festas.

1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:

The raven speaks, listen everyone:
"I come with black wings
Cutting the winds from afar
To arrive to these feasts"


aza

Borrowed from Portuguese asa (“wing, handle”), from Vulgar Latin asa, from Latin ansa (“handle”). Compare the doublet asa.

e nós, os homes, nunca tivemos azas.

1955, Celso Emilio Ferreiro, O soño sulagado, Akal editor, page 40:


madrugada

[ma.ð̞ɾuˈɣ̞ɑ.ð̞ɐ]

[ma.ð̞ɾuˈɣ̞ɑ.ð̞ɐ]

[ma.ð̞ɾuˈħɑ.ð̞ɐ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese madurgada (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from the verb madurgar (Modern Galician madrugar).

the period between midnight and sunrise; early morning


colaborador

gl-noun

colaborador m (plural colaboradores, feminine colaboradora, feminine plural colaboradoras)

colaboradores (plural)
colaboradora (feminine)
colaboradoras (feminine plural)


tratado

Past participle of tratar, or a semi-learned borrowing from Latin tractātus, perfect passive participle of tractō (“I handle; I manage”).


avión

avións (plural)
aviom (alternative)
avião (alternative)


oriente

From Old Galician-Portuguese ouriente, borrowed from Latin oriēns, oriēntem (“the east”).

the eastern portion of a territory or region


investigación

investigacións (plural)
investigaçom (alternative)
investigação (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin investīgātiōnem.


decisión

decisións (plural)
decisom (alternative)
decisão (alternative)


retorno

Attested since 1440. Deverbal from retornar.

second or third harvest after a slash and burn


compromiso

compromisos (plural)
compromisso (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin comprōmissum. Cognate with Portuguese compromisso.


compatriota

gl-noun

compatriota m or f by sense (plural compatriotas)


manifestación

manifestacións (plural)
manifestaçom (alternative)
manifestação (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin manifēstātiōnem.


político

gl-noun

político m (plural políticos, feminine política, feminine plural políticas)

políticos (plural)
política (feminine)
políticas (feminine plural)

From Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).


corrupción

corrupcións (plural)
corrupçom (alternative)
corrupção (alternative)


policía

From Latin politīa, from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).

police (a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order)


policía

policía m or f by sense (plural policías)

police officer (a member of a police force)


relación

Learned borrowing from Latin relātiōnem.


congreso

congresos (plural)
congresso (alternative)


asociación

asociacións (plural)
associaçom (alternative)
associação (alternative)


proceso

procesos (plural)
processo (alternative)

[pɾoˈθɛ.s̺ʊ]

[pɾoˈθɛ.s̺ʊ]


fecha

Inherited from Latin fistula (“water pipe”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).


vehículo

vehículos (plural)
veículo (alternative)


unión

unións (plural)
uniom (alternative)
união (alternative)

Borrowed from Late Latin unio, unionem, from Latin unio (“unite”). Compare Portuguese união.


organización

organizacións (plural)
organizaçom (alternative)
organização (alternative)


maleta

Attested since 1370. Ultimately from Old French malete, displacing maeta (13th century), from male (“leather bag, leather or wooden travel-case”), from Frankish *malha (“leather bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“leather bag”). Compare English mail.

Et poso en suas maletas seu auer, et vesteusse moy rricament

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 417:

And she put her belongings in her suitcases, and dressed herself richly

(figurative) jobless and lazy person; vagrant


vendedor

gl-noun

vendedor m (plural vendedores, feminine vendedora, feminine plural vendedoras)

vendedores (plural)
vendedora (feminine)
vendedoras (feminine plural)


nación

nacións (plural)
nazón (alternative)
naçom (alternative)
nação (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese naçõ, from Latin nātiō, nātiōnem.

Grande loyta de Luceyros
Ay na terra do patron
Santo, que fillo do Trono
Nas guerras sempre atronòu.
Cinco Luceyros no'menos
S'opòn à vn Luceyro sò:
Cinco à vn, è ser Galegos?
No'mo dà ò corazon.
E que loytan sobre quen
A quen mais alomeou.
Vn contra cinco? Este si
Que é Galego de naçon.

1697, José Gil Taboada, Grande loita de luceiros:

A large dispute of luminaries
happens at he land of the patron
Saint, who, son of thunder
In the wars always stormed [Santiago].
Five luminaries, no less,
Oppose one luminary alone:
Five to one, being Galicians?
I don't think so.
And they are fighting on who
enlightened more to whom.
One to five? This certainly is
Galician by nation

Co ò desexo de acordarvos,
que en Galicia ò seu funduxe
ten à vosa nobre fruxe,
vou en Gallego a falarvos:
De esto non hay que estrañarvos;
antes ben, facendo gala
de esta nacion, estimála,
è si porque moito dista,
non à conocès de vista,
conocedéa pola fala

1779, Diego Antonio Cernadas y Castro, Obras en prosa y verso:

With the desire to remind you
that in Galicia has its origin
your noble lineage,
I'm going to speak in Galician to you:
you must not be surprised;
rather, showing off
this nation, you'll love it;
and, if because of the distance,
you are not acquainted,
then meet her in her language


ministro

ministro m (plural ministros, feminine ministra, feminine plural ministras)

ministros (plural)
ministra (feminine)
ministras (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin ministrum (“attendant”), from minus (“less”).


república

Learned borrowing from Latin rēspūblica, from rēs pūblica (“republic”, literally “[the] public thing”), from rēs (“thing”) + pūblica (“public”).


área

Learned borrowing from Latin ārea. Doublet of the inherited eira.


ataque

ataque sorpresa

attack (an attempt to damage an opponent or enemy)

(pathology) attack (the sudden onset of a disease or condition)

attack (an attempt to detract from the worth or credibility of someone)


adolescente

gl-noun

adolescente m or f by sense (plural adolescentes)

Learned borrowing from Latin adolēscentem.

lbor

adolescent, teenager (child aged between thirteen and nineteen)


estación

estacións (plural)
estaçom (alternative)
estação (alternative)


conversación

conversacións (plural)
conversaçom (alternative)
conversação (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin conversātiōnem.


programa

From Late Latin programma, from Ancient Greek πρόγραμμα (prógramma).


diálogo

From Latin dialogus, from Ancient Greek διάλογος (diálogos).


negociación

negociacións (plural)
negociaçom (alternative)
negociação (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin negōtiātiōnem; equivalent to negociar + -ción.


oposición

oposicións (plural)
oposiçom (alternative)
oposição (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin oppositiōnem.


instalación

instalacións (plural)
instalaçom (alternative)
instalação (alternative)


sanción

sancións (plural)
sançom (alternative)
sanção (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin sānctiōnem.


representante

gl-noun

representante m or f by sense (plural representantes)


tormenta

From Old Galician-Portuguese tormenta ("storm", 13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin tormenta, plural of tormentum.

Mays ouueron moy mao vento, que lles tolleu sua passagen, ca sse leuãtou hũa grã tormenta, fea et escura et pauorosa, que lles rreuolueu todo o mar et lles durou todo o día, tã braua que as naues ouueran de quebrar et de sse anegar a fondo.

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 286:

But they had many bad winds, that grabbed their passage, because a great storm raised, ugly and dark and dreadful, that make the sea rough and lasted for the whole day, so wild that the ships almost broke and sank to the bottom.


sirena

Borrowed from Late Latin sirēna, from Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn).


equipo

First attested in the 19th century. Ultimately from French équiper.

[…] por canto o reino de Galicia contribuíra con 40.000 ducados para o equipo d'armada, e por canto o botín que se collera nos barcos franceses acababa de ser arrebatado dos portos gallegos, procedía que se lles restituíse.

1895, A. López Ferreiro, A tecedeira de Bonaval, page 198:

[…] since the Kingdom of Galicia contributed with 40,000 ducats for provisions of the army, and since the booty taken from the French ships had just been snatched from the Galician harbours, it was proceeding to restitute it.


declaración

declaracións (plural)
declaraçom (alternative)
declaração (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin dēclārātiōnem.


anglicano

gl-noun

anglicano m (plural anglicanos, feminine anglicana, feminine plural anglicanas)

anglicanos (plural)
anglicana (feminine)
anglicanas (feminine plural)


falta

From Old Galician-Portuguese falta, from Vulgar Latin *fallita, feminine of *fallitus, in place of Latin falsus, perfect passive participle of fallō. Cognate to Catalan falta, English fault, Spanish falta and French faute.

Non che é eso, senón que están reloucando pola falta do voto.

That's not your problem, but they are raving about the lack of the vote.


tolerancia

Learned borrowing from Latin tolerantia.


escándalo

Attested since the 13th century. A learned borrowing from Latin scandalum.


división

divisións (plural)
divisón (alternative)
divisom (alternative)
divisão (alternative)

Attested since the 13th century (diuisoes, "divisions"). Learned borrowing from Latin dīvīsiōnem. Compare Portuguese divisão.

como por aquela terra hay pouca leña, queimaron toda à madeira das divisions, deixsàndo rasa à casa

1810, Jose Fernandez y Neira, Proezas de Galicia:

since there are little firewood on that land, they burned down the wood of the partitions, leaving the house bare

division, partition, in particular
(construction) partition

division, partition, in particular
partition

division, partition, in particular
(mathematics) division

division, partition, in particular
division


mercado

[meɾˈkɑ.ð̞ʊ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese mercado, from Latin mercātus.


comercialización

comercialización f (plural comercializacións)


pasado

From Old Galician-Portuguese passado, from passar.


importancia

importancias (plural)
importância (alternative)


atención

atencións (plural)
atençom (alternative)
atenção (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin attentio, attentionem.


expansión

expansións (plural)
expansom (alternative)
expansão (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin expānsiōnem.


época

age, period, epoch (particular period of history)


influencia

influencias (plural)
influência (alternative)


masa

From Old Galician-Portuguese massa (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin massa (“dough”). Cognate with Portuguese massa and Spanish masa.

logo todos ordenaron que fesesen as paandeiras o pan do dia, triigo de tres onças, ben apostado e ben linpo e de boa masa

1438, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 123:

after this everyone ordered the bakers to make the daily bread, wheat of three ounces, well prepared and very clean and of good dough


monarquía

Borrowed from Late Latin monarchia, from Ancient Greek μοναρχία (monarkhía).


abolición

abolicións (plural)
aboliçom (alternative)
abolição (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abolitiōnem.


condición

condicións (plural)
condiçom (alternative)
condição (alternative)
condizón (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese condiçon (independently attested in both corpora), from Latin conditiōnem. Cognate with Portuguese condição.


exportación

exportacións (plural)
exportaçom (alternative)
exportação (alternative)


confrontación

confrontacións (plural)
confrontaçom (alternative)
confrontação (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin confrontātiōnem.


especulación

especulacións (plural)
especulaçom (alternative)
especulação (alternative)

Borrowed from Late Latin speculātiō, speculātiōnem, from Latin speculor. Compare Portuguese especulação.


provincia

provincias (plural)
província (alternative)


esparto

Inherited from Latin spartum (“esparto or halfah grass”), from Ancient Greek σπάρτον (spárton, “rope, cable; esparto or halfah grass”), valued for its high tensile strength, used for cords and wicker, and exported by Spanish Greek colonies throughout the Mediterranian. Cognate to Galician esporta.

der

[…] hũu estrenque d'esparto novo et hũu estrenque vello d'esparto, et con seu treu que son tres monetas et hũu papafigo et con todos los outros seus aparellos […]

1433, Ángel Rodríguez González & José Armas Castro, editors, Minutario notarial de Pontevedra (1433-1435), Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, →ISBN, page 53:

[…] a new rope of esparto, and an old rope also of esparto, with its set of sails, composed of three minor sails and a mainsail, with all the additional rigging […]


participación

Learned borrowing from Latin participātiōnem.


razón

razóns (plural)
razom (alternative)
razão (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese razon, from Latin ratiō, ratiōnem, with influence from razón. Compare Portuguese razão.

inh+

Et isto era por que se assanaua logo et nõ era paçiẽte nẽ sofrudo para oyr as razões dos que uĩjnã a seu juyzo, o que nõ conuĩjna para o que julga.

c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 76:

And that was because he angered soon and was not patient or forgiving for hearing the reasons of the ones that came to his judgement, which was not suitable for the one who judges

Deume unha razón para ti.

Tiñas razón.


invasión

Borrowed from Late Latin invāsio, invasionem.


ocasión

14th century. Learned borrowing from Latin occāsiō, occāsiōnem, in substitution of Old Galician-Portuguese oqueijon (“misfortune”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria).

lbor

1391, E. Cal Pardo (ed.), "De Viveiro en la Edad Media", in Estudios Mindonienses, 7, page 160

under such a condition that they should maintain and repair [these houses], and if they happen to fall because of any circumstance, that they should rebuild them

por tal condiçon que elles que as mantennan et reparen et se veeren a desfaleçer por qualquer ocasion que as refaça

Conteçe aas uezes que por caiom nas junturas ou nos jeollos ou nos pees ou en outra parte do Cauallo entra espina ou estrepe ou escadeẽa de madeiro et fica ontre a carne en algũa maneira daquella chaga jncha todo arredor, et as uezes toda a coyxa moormente see a espina ou a escadeẽa tange alguun neruo, que faz o Cauallo çopegar.

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 135:

It sometimes happens, because of a misfortune, that in the joints or the knees or the feet of in another part of the horse enters a thorn or a spike or a splinter, and then it stays in between the meat; and somehow from that wound swells everything which is around, and sometimes all the thigh, mostly when the thorn or splinter touches any nerve, which causes the horse to limp


promoción

promocións (plural)
promoçom (alternative)
promoção (alternative)


tiro

Attested since 1370; back-formation from tirar.

Et, sen falla, Paris fezo esta uez moy bõ tiro et moy grã sua prol et de seus amigos, ca nũca seus ẽemigos rreçeberõ tã grã dãno, nẽ tomarõ tã grã perda cõmo esta.

1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 506:

And, no doubt, Paris did this time a great shot and very beneficial for him and his friends, because never had their enemies received such a large damage nor had they took such a great loss as this one

tódolos outros diseron juntamente que esteueram no arroydo e que uiran matar ao irmao de Gonçaluo Roíz e seu cunhado e outros pyós e que uiram tyrar a Fernán de Sam Payo, e dyserom que ele fezera muytas fyrydas e matara ó dito Gonçaluo Roz, e que ouuera muitos dynheyros dos ditos fynados, e mais diseron que se gauaba que de XX tyros que tyrara que todos empregara, saluo dous

1470, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 362:

all the rest said altogether that they were at the riot and that they saw how Gonzalvo Rois' brother, and his brother-in-law, and other pawns, were killed; and that they saw Fernán de Sampaio shooting; and they said that he caused many wounds and that he killed the aforementioned Gonzalvo Rois, and that he took many moneys from the dead; and they added that he was boasting that of twenty shots he had shoot, all but two were put to good use

ascending current of air of a chimney which evacuates the smoke caused by combustion


temor

From Old Galician-Portuguese temor (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin timor, timōrem (“fear; dread”), from timeō (“I fear”).


soldado

From Old Galician-Portuguese soldado, corresponding to soldo (“military salary”) + -ado. Perhaps a calque or imitation of Italian soldato, from the past participle of soldare, from soldo (“money, military pay”).

De soldados os camiños enpachados, furtando carros e bestas, queimando caniços e zestas

c. 1596, anonymous author, Diálogo de Alberte e Bieito:

Of soldiers the roads are stuffed, stealing carts and mares, burning wattles and baskets


secretario

gl-noun

secretario m (plural secretarios, feminine secretaria, feminine plural secretarias)

secretarios (plural)
secretaria (feminine)
secretarias (feminine plural)
secretário (alternative)


comercio

comercios (plural)
comércio (alternative)

[koˈmɛɾθi̯ʊ]

Learned borrowing from Latin commercium.


residencia

residencias (plural)
residência (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin residentia, from Latin residēns (“residing”), from resideō (“to reside”), from re- + sedeō (“to sit”).

lbor

Dez anos de residencia no noso país e casi non fala galego.

After ten years of residence in the country, he barely speaks Galician.

Teño a miña residencia en Valencia, pero sempre estou viaxando.

I have my residence in Valencia, but I am always travelling.

residence, home (the place where one lives)

old people's home, rest home, nursing home (a place of residence for people who require assistance from carers)

residence for the elderly
residence for the elderly

old people's home, retirement village, retirement home, residence for the elderly (a place of residence for people who require little or no assistance from carers)


figura

From Old Galician-Portuguese figura, fegura (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), borrowed from Latin figura.

1288, E. Duro Peña (ed.), El Monasterio de San Esteban de Ribas de Sil. Ourense: Instituto de Estudios Orensanos "Padre Feijóo", page 260

a privilege, sealed with a hanging seal, in which seal it was on one side the figure of a king riding his horse, holding a sword in his right hand, and on the other side a figure of a lion

hun privilegio seelado de hun seelo pendente eno qual seelo era de hua parte figura de rey encavalgado en seu cavalo teente ena mao destra una espada e da outra parte era figura de león

Os çenoçéfalis an o rrostro moy longo en figura de cã; et nõ falã cõmo homes, mays ladrã cõmo cães, pero que an todo seu siso entrego.

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 438:

The Cynocephali have a very long face, in the shape of a dog['s face]; and they don't speak as men, but they bark as dogs do, but still they have the whole of their intelligence


televisión

Iso é a televisión.

tele

the programs broadcast via the medium of television


educación

Learned borrowing from Latin ēducātiōnem. Cognate with Catalan educació, Occitan educacion.

educaçom (alternative)
educação (alternative)


corte

Deverbal from cortar or borrowed from Spanish corte.


corte

From Old Galician-Portuguese corte (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cōrtem, accusative of cōrs, shortened version of Latin cohors (“court; enclosure”). The traditional meaning, stable, is already attested in 10th century, in local Medieval Latin documents. The meaning Royal court is attested in the 13th century.

e fagades y casas alí hu deven a estar, celeyro e coziña e corte, e estas casas deven a seer feytas en estes quatro anos primeiros que veẽ.

1278, J. I. Fernández de Viana y Vieites, editor, Colección diplomática del monasterio de Santa María de Pantón, Lugo: Deputación, page 36:

and you should build there houses, a barn, kitchen and stable; and this houses must be build during the next four years


periodista

gl-noun

periodista m or f by sense (plural periodistas)


detención

Learned borrowing from Latin detentio, detentionem.


escala

Learned borrowing from Latin scāla. Cognate of escada (“ladder, stairs”).


microscopio

microscopios (plural)
microscópio (alternative)

From New Latin microscopium, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) + σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look at”).


forca

From Old Galician-Portuguese forca (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin furca (“pitchfork”). Cognate with Portuguese forca and Spanish horca).

que a deuedes dar chantada de vina et ben fercada et [. . ] con forcas et linoos ao pelongo et latas ao traues

1339, M. Mar Graña Cid, editor, Las órdenes mendicantes en el obispado de Mondoñedo. El convento de san Martín de Villaoriente (1374-1500), page 127:

you should plant vines and have it correctly kept … with gallows and strings all along, and beams crosswise


colcha

From Old Galician-Portuguese colcha (independently attested in both corpora), probably not from Latin culcita (compare cócedra), but from Old French culche (Modern French couche), from Old French colchier, from Latin collocare. Compare Portuguese and Spanish colcha.

Iten, mando mays á dita Contança Gonçales, miña muller, a quarta parte da adega dos Vrancos, por quanto eu e ela conpramos a metade da dita adega a Meen Suares Galinato, e mándolle mays a cuba en que teño o viño branco e mays outras duas cubas que son dentro ena dita adega aa maao esquerda, vasyas, que teñen cada una doze moyos de lagar, e mays lle mando una cama de roupa con quatro cabeçaás e un colchón e un almadraque e con suas sabaas e media duzia d'almofadas e con hua manta de picote, e se ouver em casa un par de colchas, que aja ela una delas.

1484, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 127


manta

Attested from the 11th century in local Medieval Latin documents. From manto.

e proueam á dita albergaría de leytos e de feltros et mantas e de cubertas e manteñan y hun ome e hua moller que aguarde a roupa e faça os leytos aos doentes e os caldos quando lles conpryr

1327, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros, Vigo: Galaxia, page 79:

and they should provide that hospital with beds and felts and blankets and covers, and they should keep there a man and a woman who should guard the clothes and make the beds of the sick and the hot soup when they would need it


colchón

colchóns (plural)
colchom (alternative)
colchão (alternative)

First attested in 1457. From colcha + -ón, from Old French colche. Compare Portuguese colchão and Spanish colchón.


iluminación

iluminacións (plural)
iluminaçom (alternative)
iluminação (alternative)

Borrowed from Late Latin illuminatio, illuminationem, from Latin illumino.


marco

Attested in local Latin documents since the 9th century, together with its derivatives marcar and demarcar (“to demarcate”). Given its early local documentation, it is not a borrowing from Italian, but from Gothic or rather Suevic. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary, region”), from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“boundary, border”).

der

De marco a marco non hai arco

from boundary mark to boundary mark there is no arc

damus e outorgamus a uos [...] Ia leyra derdade que abemus en Eires como departe pe-la leyra do casal de Cima de Villa en o qual mora Domingo Eanes, e da outra parte pe-los marcos que y estan chantados, e da outra parte pe-la careyra, e da outra parte pe-la pedra que esta en fondo desta leira; conuen a saber que vos fazades esta leira Ia cassa pera lagar e non fazades en ela outra casa nenuna nen poombal, nen tolades o carril da uila

1277, M. Lucas Alvarez, P. P. Lucas Domínguez, editors, San Pedro de Ramirás. Un monasterio femenino en la Edad Media. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Caixa Galicia, page 411:

we give and grant you a field that we have in Eires, as it departs from the farm of Cimadevila where Domigo Eanes lives, in the other side by the boundary stones that are thrusted there, in the other side by the road, and in the other side by the rock that is at the end of this field; and you shall build in this field a winery, but you should not build there any other house or dovecote, nor should you occupy the road to the village

boundary marker (usually, a stone or a set of three stones used for marking a boundary)


marco

From Medieval Latin marcus. As a German currency, a calque of German Mark. As a Finnish currency, a calque of Finnish markka. Cognate with Catalan marc and Spanish and Portuguese marco.

marco, Spanish mark, a traditional unit of mass equivalent to about 230 g

mark, similar half-pound units of mass in other measurement systems


parlamento

parliament; an assembly of representatives

government building where a parliament assembles


opinión

opinións (plural)
opiniom (alternative)
opinião (alternative)


experto

gl-noun

experto m (plural expertos, feminine experta, feminine plural expertas)

expertos (plural)
experta (feminine)
expertas (feminine plural)

2016, Malandómeda, Que prea! [song]

We are lacking those who know and have too many experts


cortina

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cortina~cortinha, from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”).


balda

Ultimately from Arabic بَاطِل (bāṭil, “invalid; null; futile”). Compare Portuguese baldar and Spanish baldar.


pipa

14th century. From Vulgar Latin *pipa (“pipe”), from Latin pipo (“I pip”).

Item aqui en casa tres pipas et dous tonees et tres barrys grandes

1373, E. Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 191:

Item, here at home, three pipes and two tuns and three large barrels

Et os hũus tãgíã cornos et os outros pipas, et os que estauã perlos muros da vila, algũus deles deostauã et dezíã moyto mal aos de fora.

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana., A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 378:

And some played horns and others pipes, and of the ones that were by the walls of the town, some insulted and told many mean things to the ones outside


telescopio

telescopios (plural)
telescópio (alternative)


busto

From Celtiberian boustom, from Proto-Celtic *bow- (“cow”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws) and a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”); documented in local Latin throughout the Middle Ages. Cognate with Sanskrit गोष्ठ (goṣṭha, “cow-pen”). Compare also Welsh bustach (“bullock”).

(archaic) enclosed pasture, usually in the hills, on which livestock is kept for feeding

et aly ouvo moytas gréés de ouellas et bustos de vacas

1300, R. Martínez López, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, page 277:

and there were many flocks of sheep and many herds of cows


sofá

Borrowed from French sofa, from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa).


entrada

[en̪ˈt̪ɾa.ð̞ɐ]

(soccer, sports) tackle (a play where a player attempts to take control over the ball from an opponent)


gancho

[ˈɡɑnʲ.t͡ʃʊ]

[ˈɡɑnʲ.t͡ʃʊ]

[ˈħɑnʲ.t͡ʃʊ]

Ultimately from Proto-Celtic *ganskyos (“branch, twig”). Doublet of ganzo.


bastón

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese baston (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin bastum. Cognate with Portuguese bastão and Spanish bastón.

inh+

Pois señor, eu paso pola calle e vou de présa: tripo unha cola dunha señorita; eu caio, ela cai; o pai que vai con ela, dáme de paus co bastón; un meu compañeiro, que tampouco pode ver esas modas, sai na miña defensa; eu levántome e axúdolle; a nena dá gritos; os serenos acoden; nós non lle facemos caso; a xente vén correndo a ve-lo que pasa, repítese entre ela o que a min xa me pasou; caien uns enriba doutros, e hai confusión, e aies, e berros, e paresce que toda aquela calle está chea de demos que andan arrincando as lousas pra irse pró inferno. Resultado: un escadrón de caballería sai a despexar a calle, e nos vamos direitos á prevención.

"Well, then I'm walking down the street in a hurry: I trip on a young lady's train; I fall, she falls; her father, which is by her side, strikes me some blows with his cane; a companion of mine, who also can't stand these fashions, comes to defend me; I stand up and help him; the girl shouts; the guards come; we don't acknowledge them; people come at the run to see what's going, and they repeat what we did; they fall ones on top of the others, and there is confusion and laments and shouts, and it seems that the street is full with demons who are pulling out the flagstones to get to hell. Result: a cavalry squadron comes to clear the street, and we go direct to jail."


tenis

trainer, running shoe, tennis shoes, sneaker (shoe)


pantalón

Mira se estou ben criado, que xa os pantalóns me queren rir por onde se acostuma a levar os puntapés.

See if I'm well-bred, my pants want to laugh at me because he's used to wearing kicks.


chaleco

chalecos (plural)
chaleque (alternative)

Ultimately probably from Turkish yelek. Compare Spanish chaleco, Portuguese jaleco, English gilet.

Dimpois de comer dúas cuncas de caldo, deitouse na cama, sacou da faltrica do chaleque dous cigarros e unha navalla e liando un pito, púxose a fumegar polas ventas das narices, o mesmo có tren.

1891, José Barral Campos, O amigo de S. Pedro:

After eating two bowls of broth he laid down on the bed; he took two cigars and a pocket knife from the vest's pocket and, rolling a cigarette, began to throw smoke by the nostrils, not unlike a train


seda

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese seda (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin saeta.


pecho

From Vulgar Latin pesclum, from Latin pessulus (“bolt”). Compare Spanish pestillo.

peg, wedge used to attach different elements together


luns

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lũes, from Latin Lūnae dīēs, variant of dīēs Lūnae.

Dia luns, quinse dias do dito mes de novenbre

1434, A. Rodríguez González & J. Armas Castro (eds.), Minutario notarial de Pontevedra (1433-1435). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 156

days of the week: día da semana: luns · martes · mércores · xoves · venres · sábado · domingo [edit]


atacante

gl-noun

atacante m or f by sense (plural atacantes)


vide

From Old Galician-Portuguese vide, from Latin vītis, vītem.


actuación

actuacións (plural)
atuaçom (alternative)
atuação (alternative)

action (something done to accomplish a purpose)


capítulo

Borrowed from Late Latin capitulum (“chapter”). Doublet of cabido, which is inherited.


diplomacia

diplomacy (art of conducting international relations)


posición

posicións (plural)
posiçom (alternative)
posição (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin positiōnem.


integración

integracións (plural)
integraçom (alternative)
integração (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin integrātiōnem.


conclusión

conclusións (plural)
conclusom (alternative)
conclusão (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin conclūsiōnem.


tamaño

From Old Galician-Portuguese tamanno (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin tam magnus (literally “so big”). Cognate with Portuguese tamanho and Spanish tamaño.


frase

Learned borrowing from Late Latin phrasis (“diction”), from Ancient Greek φράσις (phrásis, “manner of expression”).


intención

intencións (plural)
intençom (alternative)
intenção (alternative)
intenzón (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese entençon (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), a borrowing from Latin intentiōnem.

Et nos, obispo, dayan et cabidoo sobreditos, veendo a boa entençon de vos, a clerizia et clerigos sobreditos, et que avedes zelo et amor da iglesia et de nos pera a aiudar a desendevedar, prometemos aa boa fe, assi commo a nos cae de prometer, de vos gardarmos et teermos esta graça sobredita, que vos fazemos

1324, A. García y García, editor, Synodicon hispanum I. Galicia, Madrid: Editorial Católica, page 17:

And we, said Bishop, Deacon and Chapter, seeing your good intention, said clergy and clergymen, and that you have zeal and love for the church and for us to help and pay her debts, we promise in good faith, as befits us, to keep and maintain said grace that we make to you


política

policy (a formal principle or protocol of conduct)

politics (activities associated with running a government or organisation)

female equivalent of político (“politician”)


expresión

expresións (plural)
expressom (alternative)
expressão (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin expressiōnem.