manxadoira

manxadoiras (plural)
manxoeira (alternative)
menxadoira (alternative)
maixadoira (alternative)

Attested since the 15th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese *manjar (“to eat”) + -doira, or perhaps ultimately from Old French: cognate with French mangeoire, English manger.

inh

Ao Cauallo deuen teer a maniadeira baixa antre as maaos, asy que adur posa fillar con sa boca o feeo ou a palla

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 61:

They must have the manger of the horse low, in between the hands, so that he can hardly take the hay or the straw with his mouth


espiñela

Attested since the 18th century. From Latin *spīnella, a diminutive of Latin spīnula; or from espiña (“thorn; spine”) + -ela, "little spine/thorn". Compare Spanish espinilla.

xiphoid process, xiphisternum, metasternum


espadoa

From Late Latin spathula (“flat, broad piece”), diminutive of Latin spatha (“straight sword”) (whence Galician espada (“sword”)).

shoulder (top of the torso, away from the neck)


beligo

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Latin umbilīcus.


retriza

chain or strap which connects both cancís in some Galician yokes


pioga

Unknown. Related to its synonym pialla, both appear to be diminutives (-oa with a frequent epenthetic [ɣ], and -alla) of a common term.

chain or strap which connects both cacís in some Galician yokes


monifate

Unknown. Likely related to moneca. Cognate with Portuguese bonifrate.


monicreque

Unknown. Likely related to moneca. Compare Spanish and Portuguese mequetrefe.


bichoco

From Old Galician-Portuguese bischoco ("silkmoth", 13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria): from bicho + -oco.

Arenicola marina
Wikispecies:Arenicola marina


pailaroco

pailarocos (plural)
peilaroco (alternative)


enchenta

enchentas (plural)
enchente (alternative)

encher (“to fill”) + -ente, from Old Galician-Portuguese encher, from Latin impleō (“to fill up”).

De cando en cando seu tío espricaballe contento a boa vida dos Curas e dos Frades e dos Cregos, as enchentes que papaban

1840, Manuel Fernandez Magariños, Foliada que fixo o labrador Seor Pedro:

From time to time his uncle told him merrily about the good life the parsons, monks and priests lived, the feasts they munched

feast, large meal and the sensation of filling caused by it

(figurative) large quantity of something


estranxeiro

gl-noun

estranxeiro m (plural estranxeiros, feminine estranxeira, feminine plural estranxeiras)

estranxeiros (plural)
estranxeira (feminine)
estranxeiras (feminine plural)

Attested as estranjeiro in 1417. From Old French estrangier (Modern French étranger).

1417, Á. Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 74

as well as the pilgrims and foreigners that come to it to visit the body of our Lord Apostle Saint James

esto mesmo os romeus et estranjeiros que a ela viina a vesitar o corpo do Apostolo Señor Santiago


foraño

foraño m (plural foraños, feminine foraña, feminine plural forañas)

foraños (plural)
foraña (feminine)
forañas (feminine plural)

From Latin forāneus (“outsider, outlander”), from Latin forās (“outside, outdoors”), also spelled forīs (“outside, outdoors”).


vedizo

vedizo m (plural vedizos, feminine vediza, feminine plural vedizas)

vedizos (plural)
vediza (feminine)
vedizas (feminine plural)


raiola

From raio (“beam”) + -ola. Compare also Spanish rayuela.


mariola

Probably from María (“Mary”) + -ola. However, compare French marelle (“hopscotch”).

Ciliata mustela
Wikispecies:Ciliata mustela


lindeiro

From local Medieval Latin limitarius (attested during the 11th century), or from linde + -eiro. Compare Spanish lindero.


coteiro

ranger; a person who traditionally watched over the communal properties of a parish


chimpo

Back-formation from chimpar (“to throw”)


embalsamamento

gl-noun

embalsamamento m (plural embalsamamentos)


pedregullo

pedregullos (plural)
pedragullo (alternative)
pedrogullo (alternative)

From pedra (“stone”). Cognate with Portuguese pedregulho.

(countable and uncountable) gravel, rubble


dentagrón

dentagróns (plural)
dentagruño (alternative)

unk

Debated

Osmunda regalis
Osmunda regalis#Translingual


dentagruño

dentagruños (plural)
dentagrón (alternative)

Debated


quenlle

From Latin canalicula (“gutter”), diminutive of canālis (“channel”).


entullo

Attested since 1370. Back-formation from entullar, from tulla. Cognate with Portuguese entulho.

Et começarõ logo a sacar moytas pedras et moyto entullo

1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 231:

Then they began to extract many stones and much rubble


turuleque

gl-noun

turuleque m (plural turuleques, feminine turuleca, feminine plural turulecas)

turuleques (plural)
turuleca (feminine)
turulecas (feminine plural)
turuleco (alternative)


forneiro

forneiro m (plural forneiros, feminine forneira, feminine plural forneiras)

forneiros (plural)
forneira (feminine)
forneiras (feminine plural)

Attested since the 13th century. From Latin furnarius. Cognate with Portuguese forneiro and Spanish hornero.

dúas cassas pequenas que se teẽ cõ estas cassas sobreditas et mora en elas Pero Garçía, alffayate, et ẽna outra tẽ o forneyro lena

1390, M. L. Méndez Fernández, editor, Contribución ó estudio dun libro das Tenzas da Catedral de Santiago. Edición crítica e estudio dos folios 1 a 27, Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 27:

two small houses that are by these said houses; and in one there dwells Pedro Garcia, tailor; and in the other the baker keeps firewood


leterado

From Old Galician-Portuguese leterado, from Latin litterātus (“learned; erudite”).


voceiro

voceiro m (plural voceiros, feminine voceira, feminine plural voceiras)

voceiros (plural)
voceira (feminine)
voceiras (feminine plural)

From Latin vocārius, from vox (“voice”) + -ārius (of purpose).


boullón

boullóns (plural)
boulhom (alternative)
boulhão (alternative)

bubble rising from a boiling liquid; gush


pezoia

pezoias (plural)
pezoña (alternative)
pozoña (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese poçõya (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *potionea, from Latin pōtio, pōtione-. Compare Portuguese peçonha, Spanish ponzoña, cf. also French poison.

(folklore) skin sickness caused by a poisonous animal


tósego

From Latin toxicum (“arrow poison”), from Ancient Greek τοξικόν (toxikón, “arrow poison”), from τοξικός (toxikós, “pertaining to bows”), from τόξον (tóxon, “bow”).


petouco

From peto + -ouco. Compare petón (“peak; boulder”), peteiro (“beak”), peto (“woodpecker”).


fornalla

From Latin fornacula (“little oven”). Compare Portuguese fornalha and Italian fornacchia.

cavity under the oven which allows it to be heated from below


evanxeo

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese evangeo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). A semi-leaned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin ēvangelium, from Ancient Greek εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion, “good news”). Compare Portuguese evangelho.

der

o que jurou sobre os santos auangeos todo o a ia quebrantado

c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 765:

all that he swore on the Holy Gospel, all he has broken already


maroxo

mistletoe (any of several evergreen plants that grow on trees)


restablecemento

gl-noun

restablecemento m (plural restablecementos)


fuxitivo

fuxitivo m (plural fuxitivos, feminine fuxitiva, feminine plural fuxitivas)

fuxitivos (plural)
fuxitiva (feminine)
fuxitivas (feminine plural)
fugitivo (alternative)


folón

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin fullō (“fuller”). Cognate with French foulon.


pedaxe

Just attested in a 20th century dictionary


EPI

equipo de protección individual#Galician

Acronym of equipo de protección individual (“PPE (personal protective equipment)”).


marcaxe

marcaxes (plural)
marcagem (alternative)

boundary in between two contiguous properties


cavaxe

cavaxes (plural)
cavagem (alternative)
cavage (alternative)

land worked for the first time after being left fallow for years


pousafoles

A compound pousar (“to rest”) + foles (“bags”).


pousafoles

—Ben, home, ben; ti xuzgas que fixeche unha gran cousa, pois velaí tes como vives enganado. Os argallás e pousafoles a quen lembras, ouvirán o que falas, como quen oi ouvear os lobos de lonxe.

1876, O tío Marcos da Portela, number 1:

«Good luck with this; you consider that you have made a great deed but, behold, you are living a lie. The machinators and sycophants you remember will hear what you say as the ones who hear the wolves howling in the distance.»

(figurative, derogatory) a clumsy, sluggish person


pato de mar

patos de mar (plural)
pato do mar (alternative)

[ˈpa.t̪ʊ ð̞ɪ ˈmaɾ]

Melanitta nigra
Melanitta nigra#Translingual


guindeira

Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus#Translingual


guindal

guindais (plural)
guindais (alternative)
guindás (alternative)

Ultimately probably from Old French guindas (compare guindastre, guindar and guindareza). Cognate with French guindal and English windlass.


albeiro

[ɑlˈβ̞ej.ɾʊ]

Perhaps inherited from Latin albarius, or rather from albo + -eiro.


cacirete

(countable) mortar (vessel used to grind ingredients)


mazarelo

From Vulgar Latin *mattearellum, from Vulgar Latin *ma(t)tea, from Latin mateola, from a Proto-Indo-European root describing similar tools: Old High German medela (“plow”), Old Church Slavonic мотыка (motyka, “mattock”), मत्य (matya, “club, harrow”).
Cognate with Portuguese maça, Spanish maza, Catalan maça, French masse, Italian mazza.

pestle (instrument used with a mortar to grind things)


remeiro

remeiro m (plural remeiros, feminine remeira, feminine plural remeiras)

remeiros (plural)
remeira (feminine)
remeiras (feminine plural)


lentella

lentellas (plural)
lentelha (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese lentilla (compare Portuguese lentilha), from Vulgar Latin *lenticla (compare Spanish lenteja, Catalan llentilla), from syncopation of Latin lenticula (“lentil”), diminutive of lēns (“lentil bean”).

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris#Translingual


portaxe

Attested since the 13th century. From Old French portage, from Late Latin portāticum. Doublet of portádego, which was inherited.

Iten se alguun extranyo uender mouro ou moura, de in portagen xij dñ

c. 1230, A. Martínez Salazar, editor, Documentos gallegos de los siglos XIII al XVI, A Coruña: Casa de la Misericordia, page 19:

Item, if a estranger sells a Moor man or woman, he shall pay, as toll, 12 denarii

Gonçalvo Nunez de Novoa de quen tiinna arrendada a portagen da dita ponte

1347, M. Romaní Martínez (ed.), La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira (1025-1310). Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, page 205

Gonzalvo Nunez de Novoa, of whom he had rented said bridge's toll

(historical) tariff, customs, toll paid by goods


descolonização

reintegrationist spelling of descolonización


algaria

Genetta genetta
Genetta genetta#Translingual


galra

Probably from Suevic *galdra (charm, incantation, spell), from Proto-Germanic *galdraz (“sing, charm”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout, scream, charm away”)


frauga

From Old Galician-Portuguese frauga, from a Vulgar Latin *frabica, a metathetic form of Latin fabrica (“smithy, forge”). Doublet of the borrowing fábrica and of forxa, from French. Cognate with Portuguese frágua.


frágoa

[ˈfɾɑ.ɣ̞o.ɐ]

[ˈfɾɑ.ɣ̞o.ɐ]


ferreiría

ferreirías (plural)
ferraría (alternative)

Attested since circa 1300. Ferro (“iron”) + -aría. Compare Spanish herrería.

(uncountable) smithery (the trade or craft of a smith)


vigairo

gl-noun

vigairo m (plural vigairos, feminine vigaira, feminine plural vigairas)

vigairos (plural)
vigaira (feminine)
vigairas (feminine plural)

Attested since the 13th century (vigayro). An early borrowing of Latin vicārius (“vicarious, substitute”). Compare Portuguese vigário.

inh

vicar (a person acting on behalf of, or representing, his neighbours)


ofraxe

From Late Latin suffrāgō, from sub- + *frāgō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrāg- (“rump, hock, hindquarters”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break, crack, split”).


sofraxe

sofraxes (plural)
sofragem (alternative)
fraxa (alternative)
ofraxe (alternative)
sufraxe (alternative)
xofraxe (alternative)
ufraxe (alternative)

Attested since the 18th century. From Late Latin suffragō (“hough, ham”), from sub- + *frāgō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrāg- (“rump, hock, hindquarters”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break, crack, split”). Catalan sofraja.

Deixame estàr à meu cabo
layandome do meu mal,
que abo fèllas farto teño;
grasias a Deus, que mo dà!
Dòncheme tànto as sofràxes
ô Peito, è aínda màis,
que de dia, nin de nòite
eu nunca podo acougàr.

1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:

Let me alone
complaining about my sickness,
which for sure I have more than enough;
thanks God, who gives that to me!
My houghs hurt so bad,
and my chest, and more,
that neither day or night
I can settle down

(anatomy) hough, poplit, ham (the region back of the knee joint)

(animal anatomy) hock of a quadruped's hind leg


bestra

[ˈbɛs̺.t̪ɾɐ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese baesta (“crossbow”), from Latin ballista, from Ancient Greek βαλλίστρα (ballístra).


balistrón

balistróns (plural)
balastrón (alternative)

From balistra + -on, from Ancient Greek βαλλίστρα (ballístra).


balastrón

balastróns (plural)
balistrón (alternative)


pertenza

Attested since the 13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese pertẽença, from Latin pertinentia. Compare Spanish pertenencia.


herdamento

From Old Galician-Portuguese herdamento (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from herdar + -mento.

1295, R. Lorenzo (ed.), La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla. Glosario. Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 757

And then the king gave to the church of Toledo twenty villages in property

Et entõ deu el rey aa jgleia de Toledo vijnte aldeas por herdamento.


antollo

From Old Galician-Portuguese antollo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria): ante (“before”) + ollo (“eye”); compare Spanish antojo.


foán

From Old Galician-Portuguese foão (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Old Spanish fulano, from Arabic الْفُلَانُ (al-fulānu).


débeda

[ˈd̪e.β̞e.ð̞ɐ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin dēbita, plural of dēbitum, from dēbitus (“owed”), from dēbeō (“I owe”). Cognate with Portuguese dívida and Spanish deuda.

que ní una cousa nõ fica por pagar da dicta deueda

1265, A. Martínez Salazar, editor, Documentos gallegos de los siglos XIII al XVI, A Coruña: Casa de la Misericordia, page 49:

that nothing is left to pay of said debt


pertegueiro

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from pértega + -eiro.

Et o foro de Padrom atal he, que pertigueyro, nen justiça, nen outro ome nihuun non deue prender ena villa de padrom ome nihuun por deueda nen por outra cousa nihua

1318, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 147:

And the constitution of Padron is such that neither verger, nor justice, nor any other man, could capture a man in the town of Padrón because of a debt or because of any other motive


camiñante

gl-noun

camiñante m or f by sense (plural camiñantes)

From camiñar (“to walk”), from camiño (“road, way”).


rexionalismo

regionalism (affection for one's own region)

regionalism (political tendency to concede forms of politico-administrative autonomy to regions)

(linguistics) regionalism (a word or phrase originating in, characteristic of, or limited to a region)


xoeira

From xoio (“darnel”) + -eiro. Cognate with Portuguese joeira.


gamón

gamóns (plural)
gamom (alternative)
gamão (alternative)

Unknown. Probably from a substrate language. Possibly related to Proto-Brythonic *gwɨmon, from Proto-Celtic *wimmonā, and this possibly from a non-IE substrate language or from Proto-Indo-European *weyb- (“to wind around”). Cognate with Portuguese gamão, Spanish gamón and Catalan gamó.

m+

Asphodelus ramosus
Asphodelus ramosus#Translingual

twig of any of said plants, used in the past as light source


rexo

From Old Galician-Portuguese rigio (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rigidus (“rigid”), from rigeō (“I am stiff”). Doublet of recio and ríxido.
Cognate with Portuguese rijo.


fragueiro

fragueiros (plural)
fragüeiro (alternative)


gameito

gameitos (plural)
ameito (alternative)
gamieito (alternative)
gameita (alternative)

twig, shoot, bud, especially one considered detrimental


pebideiro

pebideiros (plural)
pibideiro (alternative)


neboeiro

From Old Galician-Portuguese nevoeiro. Compare Portuguese nevoeiro. By surface analysis, néboa + -eiro.


langrán

gl-noun

langrán m (plural langráns, feminine langrana, feminine plural langranas)

langráns (plural)
langrana (feminine)
langranas (feminine plural)


calacú

Unknown. Probably related to cabaza, perhaps from a diminutive *calabacula.

En escoitalo, señor tio Calacú, xà o peléxo do meu corpo tembra. Sei que á tanta agua que acarrexóu amolentoulle os miolos, é por eso louquéa

1822, anonymous author, A Parola Polêteca:

While listening to you, my sir uncle Pumpkin, my body's skin trembles. Perhaps the much water you have carried softened you brain, and therefore you are going insane


botefa

bor

Arabic بَطِّيخَة (baṭṭīḵa)


capador

gl-noun

capador m (plural capadores, feminine capadora, feminine plural capadoras)

capadores (plural)
capadora (feminine)
capadoras (feminine plural)

Attested since the 14th century. From capar (“to castrate”) + -dor.


alpabarda

alpabardas (plural)
alpibardo (alternative)
paparda (alternative)

Unknown. Compare Middle Portuguese alpavardo.

Scomberesox saurus
Wikispecies:Scomberesox saurus


gazafello

gazafellos (plural)
cachafello (alternative)
cazabello (alternative)


redrollo

From a derived form from Latin retro (“backwards”) (compare arredar, derradeiro). Cognate with Portuguese redrolho and Spanish redrojo.

(figurative, derogatory) fat and short person


sacrilexio

sacrilexios (plural)
sacrilégio (alternative)

sacrilege (desecration, profanation, misuse or violation of something regarded as sacred)


lipe

Onomatopoeic, parallel to Italian lippa and Polish klipa.


badexo

badexos (plural)
abadeixo (alternative)
abadexo (alternative)
badeixo (alternative)
badejo (alternative)

Pollachius pollachius
Pollachius pollachius#Translingual

European pollock (Pollachius pollachius)


cerrume

cerrumes (plural)
zarrume (alternative)
zarrumio (alternative)

→ Spanish: cerruma

an enclosing fence, wall, and the materials (stakes, boards, stones) used to build it


chousume

branches or slats woven with stakes in a wattle or a hedge


cervato

cervato m (plural cervatos, feminine cervata, feminine plural cervatas)

cervatos (plural)
cervata (feminine)
cervatas (feminine plural)


bulebule

bulebule m or f by sense (plural bulebules)


cadabullo

cadabullos (plural)
cabadullo (alternative)
cadrullo (alternative)
cadullo (alternative)
coudullo (alternative)

Unknown. Perhaps from cavadullo, from cavar (“to dig, hoe”); or rather from Latin capitolium, from caput (“head”).

furrows made in the extremes of a farm plot, transversally to the other furrows


cavaca

dough fragment scraped from the kneading trough


gargallo

Compare garganta, gargallada, gargalo. Cognate with Portuguese gargalho and Spanish gargajo.


trancho

Unknown. Perhaps from a substrate Celtic language, as the name of many other fish in Galician. Attested since the 18th century.

Sprattus sprattus
Sprattus sprattus#Translingual


cimorro

(ecclesiastical, architecture) ciborium (covered receptacle for holding the consecrated wafers)


trinchante

trinchantes (plural)
trenchante (alternative)

bladed iron tool used by stonemasons to refine a stone block


brodio

From Late Latin brodium, from Suevic or Frankish *broþ, from Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“broth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to seethe, brew”). Cognate with English broth, Icelandic broð.


tripaxe

tripaxes (plural)
tripagem (alternative)
tripage (alternative)


caeira

From Old Galician-Portuguese cadeira, from Vulgar Latin cathégra, from Latin cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “above”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “chair”). Cognate with Portuguese cadeira.

place where limestone is burnt to produce lime


alicornio

alicornios (plural)
alicorne (alternative)
alicorno (alternative)
licornio (alternative)

(folklore) alicorn: horn of deer or fang of boar considered magical

(folklore) stag beetle mandibles, considered magical


axeito

Attested since the 13th century. Back-formation from axeitar (“to adjust, accommodate”)

back-formation

outorgo aquel meu logar de Ffafiáés τ caſas τ quintáás τ vinas, herdades τ herdamẽtos τ chãtados τ deueſas τ aieytos τ rriſíj́os τ muyños τ ſſeſſegas de muyños

1296, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 205

I grant that place of mine of Fafiáns and houses and yards and vineyards, heirlooms and properties and plantations and woodland and adjustments and residues and mills and plots for mills

strip of land which is left behind a wall, fence or hedge but which belongs to the same property


chantado

Attested since the 13th century. From chantar (“to plant”)

wall or enclosure made with chanto (“slabstones”)s


alcacén

alcacéns (plural)
alcacer (alternative)
alquecer (alternative)
arcacel (alternative)
elcacer (alternative)

Attested since the 18th century. Probably from Spanish alcacel, from Arabic قَصِيل (qaṣīl)

green rye, wheat, barley, oats used as fodder


acougo

Attested since the 18th century. Back-formation from acougar (“to calm”)

a personal state of calmness and peacefulness


carnizaría

carnizarías (plural)
carnicería (alternative)
carniçaria (alternative)

First attested in the 13th century (carniçaria). From carnaza + -aría.


empurrón

From empurrar + -ón. Compare Portuguese empurrão.


empuxón

From empuxar + -ón. Compare Spanish empujón.


escachapedras

gl-noun

escachapedras m or f by sense (invariable)

From escachar (“to brit”) + pedra (“stone”): "stone-breaker".

(informal) troublemaker; rebel; menace; little rascal


lareiro

long rod used for hanging sausages as cured meat by the heath

long rod or tool used for stoking or poking a fire, or for removing the ashes


escachapiollos

From escachar (“to brit”) + piollo (“louse”): "louse-breaker".

cachapiollos (alternative)
escochapiollos (alternative)


santiaguiño

From Santiago + -iño, a diminutive of Saint James.

Scyllarus arctus
Scyllarus arctus#English

feast day of Saint James the Great, also National Day of Galicia, (25 July)


inmoralidade

immorality (the state or quality of being immoral)


sacamanteigas

From sacar (“to extract”) + manteiga (“butter”).


campaíña

campaíñas (plural)
campeíña (alternative)
campiña (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese campaynna (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), a diminutive of campá (“bell”). Cognate with Portuguese campainha.


de a cabalo

gl-noun

de a cabalo m or f by sense (invariable)

poucos días había que alá xunta a Bacelo viñan sesenta de a cabalo, e preguntaronlle a un paisano por donde era o camiño para Lugo, e el guiounos para donde estaba unha gran braña, co mismo foi chegar a ela espetaronse de tal sorte cos cabalos, que anque traballasen toda unha mañá inda non sei si sairían; pero nomentras que sucedeu esto, foise o bon do paisano tocou de campanas, xuntouse a xente, e pegaron co eles de tal modo que asta que os despacharon non pararon

1810, José Fernandez y Neira, Proezas de Galicia:

some days back, near Bacelo, there came 60 [French] riders, and asked a countryman where was the way to Lugo; he guided them into a large marsh, and arriving there they get stuck with their horses in such a way that not even working for a whole morning they would be able to get out of it; but, meanwhile this was happening, the good countryman went away to toll the bells, the people gathered, and they stroke them in such a mood that they didn't stop until they dispatched them


sopostallo

sopostallos (plural)
sopostalho (alternative)
sapostallo (alternative)
supostallo (alternative)

From so- (“under”) + poste (“post”) + -allo. Attested, as a nickname, since the 13th century.

prop for supporting the traditional Galician cart, which has a single axletree


baldreo

baldreo m or f by sense (plural baldreos)

Probably ultimately derived from Old French baldrei, baudré, "belt; girdle" (compare French baudrier), of unknown origin.

unk

unknown

(dated) a person who prepares canned fish


mestría

From Old Galician-Portuguese maestría (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin magister.


marraún

(military) recruit (a newly enlisted soldier)


marraùn

(military) recruit (a newly enlisted soldier) (dated)


maxestade

From Old Galician-Portuguese majestade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), a borrowing from Latin māiestātem, singular accusative of māiestās (“majesty”). Compare Portuguese majestade and Spanish majestad.

E iten digo que eu perdono de todo coraçon a todos meus enemigos e que me an feito mal para que deus me perdone a min e demando e rogo a todolos que eu fisen mal que por amor de deus me perdonen para que diante de sua divina majestade achen tamen piedade e misericordia.

1473, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 29:

And I say that I wholeheartedly pardon all of my enemies and those who have wronged me, for God to pardon me, and I ask and pray everyone I have wronged that, for the love of God, they pardon me, so that before His divine majesty they can find pity and mercy


lagareta

Attested since the 18th century. From lagar + -eta


mourillón

mourillóns (plural)
mourilhom (alternative)
mourilhão (alternative)

love-in-a-mist (any flowering plant of the genus Nigella)


grosura

From Old Galician-Portuguese grossura (13th century), from groso (“fat”) + -ura. Cognate with Portuguese grossura.

Fillo, Deus te de do oruallo do çeo et da grosura da terra aabondo de tríj́go

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 280:

My Son, God gives you, of the wetness of the sky and of the fatness of the earth, plenty of wheat

Iten, os ditos Gonçaluo Ferrnandes e Gonçaluo Ferreiro se obrigaron de trager pera a obra da ponte d'Ourense oyteenta trabes de carballo, que ajan cada hua viinte e sete cóbedos conpridos en longo et que sejan da grosura que diser Diego Afonso, e aja en cabo cada trabe hun furco de grosura, et eno outro cabo aquela gordura que rasonauel for, según diser o dito Diego Afonso.

1438, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 413:

Item, the aforementioned Gonzalvo Fernández and Gonzalvo Ferreiro committed to bring, for the work of the bridge of Ourense, eighty beans of oak, each one twenty seven cubits in long and the thickness that Diego Afonso would say, and in one extreme each bean must have one span in thick, and in the other whatever thickness which is reasonable, according to what Diego Afonso would say


fresquío

unpleasant smell to fresh meat, especially during the slaughter of an animal


frescoallo

—Eiquí me paresce que cheira muito a frescoallo –rematóu dona Teresa-

1977, Eliseo Alonso, A rua do noxo, Editorial Galaxia, →ISBN, page 131:

«I think that here it smells too much of fresh meat», ended lady Teresa


traizón

traizóns (plural)
traiçom (alternative)
traição (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese traiçon (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin traditiō. Doublet of tradición. Cognate with Portuguese traição and Spanish traición.

1350, K. M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto "Padre Sarmiento", page 72

even if you escape from here, never we will manage to enter the city, because they have it as captured by treachery, and they have posted by the towers and walls and gates more than a thousand knights, that thenceforth there are

ajnda que d'aqui escapes, nũca podremos entrar na villa ca elles la am tomada por trayzõ et poserõ por las torres et por los muros et por las portas mays de mjll caualeyros que ende estã


testemuña

From Old Galician-Portuguese testemoya, ultimately a derivative a Latin testimōnium (“testimony”). Cognate with Portuguese testemunha.


testemuño

From Old Galician-Portuguese testimonio (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably a semi-learned borrowing from Latin testimōnium (“testimony”). Cognate with Portuguese testemunho.


catarreira

Attested since the 19th century. From catarro (“cold; catarrh”) + -eira.


gallofa

gallofas (plural)
galloufa (alternative)

Perhaps from a Medieval Latin expression Galli offa, "food given to Frenchmen [Pilgrims]"; but compare Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰 (gahlaiba, “companion”) (𐌲𐌰- (ga-, “with”) + 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs, “bread”)) and English loaf.

broth, meal prepared for a group of people


gripallada

[ɡɾipaˈʎaðɐ]


sesteiro

From Latin sextarius. Cognate with Italian staio.

duas tercias de centeo et ha hua de serodeo et hun sesteiro de triigo

1269, Miguel Romaní Martínez, editor, La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira, Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, page 928:

two thirds of rye and one of late [cereal] and a sextarius of wheat

un sesteyro de viño; que ha de seer todo o dito viño medio branco et medeo tynto

1446, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Domínguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 678:

a sextarius of wine; which must be half of white and half of red wine


ducia

From Old Galician-Portuguese duzia (independently attested in both corpora), from a derivative of Latin duodecim. Compare Portuguese dúzia, Spanish docena, English dozen.

Outroſi nos dardes cadá ãno por kalendas mayaſ una duzea de bonoſ auééſ τ outra duzea de lanpreas

1274, “Documentos antiguos de Galicia”, in M. Sponer, editor, Anuari de l'Oficina Románica de Lingüística i Literatura, Barcelona, 7, page 76:

Also, you shall give to us yearly, by the calends of May, a dozen good shads and another dozen lampreys

Iten, mando mays á dita Contança Gonçales, miña muller, a quarta parte da adega dos Vrancos, por quanto eu e ela conpramos a metade da dita adega a Meen Suares Galinato, e mándolle mays a cuba en que teño o viño branco e mays outras duas cubas que son dentro ena dita adega aa maao esquerda, vasyas, que teñen cada una doze moyos de lagar, e mays lle mando una cama de roupa con quatro cabeçaás e un colchón e un almadraque e con suas sabaas e media duzia d'almofadas e con hua manta de picote, e se ouver em casa un par de colchas, que aja ela una delas.

1484, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 127

Item, I devise said Constanza González, my wife, a fourth of the wine cellar of Os Brancos, since we both bought a half of it from Men Suarez Galiñato; and I also bequeath a cask in which I have the white wine, and also two other casks that are inside that wine cellar, on the left, empty, each one having twelve modii; and also bequeath to her a clothed bed with four pillows and a mattress and a mat, and with its sheets and half a dozen cushions and a wool blanket, and if there are in house a pair of quilts, she should have one

Vinte cinco ducias D'obos
eu lle ofrezo, porque teñan
con que fazer os Formigos,
e de mel vnha caldeyra,
que os meus cobos e cortizos
teñen moy boas entenas;
porque sairon ogano
moytos enjames d'abellas.

1707, Salvador Francisco Roel, Entremés ao real e feliz parto da nosa raíña:

Twenty-five dozens of eggs
I offer her, so that they have the necessary
to cook the formigos;
and of honey a cauldron,
because my skeps and hives
have very good honeycombs,
because this year
many swarms of bees went out


lenzó

From Old Galician-Portuguese lençoo (13th century), from Latin linteolum. Cognate with Portuguese lençol and Spanish lenzuelo.

mãdo mia carne a Sancta Maria de Ferreyra τ mãdo y conmigo un leyto τ j.a cozedra τ un feltro τ j a colcha τ ij. fazeyróóſ τ ij lenzóóſ τ La ſoldoſ para pitãza

1258, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 70

I bequeath my body to Santa María de Ferreira, and I bequeath there with me a bed and a mattress and a felt and a quilt and two pillows and two sheets and fifty solidi for pittance


quilma

Attested since 1485; probably Old Spanish quilma, possibly a Wanderwort.

iten duas rapadas de sal e dous saleyros para el, iten duas quilmas, iten dous baçios pequenos, iten oyto talladores

1485, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 286:

item, two bushels of salt and two cellars for it; item, two sacks; item, two small bowls; item, eight trenchers


cócedra

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese coçedra, from Latin culcita. Compare English quilt.

meu leyto con una cóçedra e con dou chumaços e dous façeyroós e una colcha e un cobertor de çacotes

1278, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 36:

my bed with a mattress and with two cushions and two pillows and a quilt and a coverlet


carpintaría

carpintarías (plural)
carpintería (alternative)

Attested since circa 1300. From carpinteiro + -aría.

começarõ a fazer casas de madeyros mal labrados et tortos, quaes lles acaesçiam, et atados cõ vyncallos de caruallo torçidas et cõ outras pertegas, que nõ sabiam elles ajnda mays desta arte nẽ de carpentaria pera aquelo

1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 90:

then they began to build wooden houses with badly carved and crooked logs, as they found them, tied with bonds made of twisted twigs of oak and with other branches, because they didn't know enough of that art or of carpentry for doing that


estadullo

a vertical rod used to contain either the laterals or the load of a cart


alifafe

Ultimately from Arabic لِحَاف (liḥāf, “quilt”).


alifafe

alifafes (plural)
aliface (alternative)
alifaz (alternative)


adegueiro

Attested since the 13th century. From adega + -eiro.

Affonso fernan maestre doobra. frey duran adegueyro. ffrey fernan forneyro. ffrey Martino staleyro

1287, E. Portela Silva, editor, La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV. Una sociedad en expansión y en la crisis, Santiago: Tip. El Eco Franciscano, page 368:

Afonso Fernán, master builder; brother Durán, keeper of the winery; brother Fernán, baker; brother Martiño, keeper of the stable

(historical) wine cellar or winery keeper


estalote

estalotes (plural)
estraloque (alternative)
estralote (alternative)


abeluria

abelurias (plural)
abrula (alternative)
abrulla (alternative)

Unknown, compare Fala abiluria. Probably from substrate language.

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual


cinzarra

cinzarras (plural)
cinçarra (alternative)

Attested since circa 1300. From a Paleo-Hispanic; compare Portuguese cincerro, Spanish cencerro and Basque zintzarri.


medianoite

medianoites (plural)
media noite (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese mea noite (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria): media (“middle”) + noite (“night”). Compare Portuguese meia-noite.

Ano de LV, sábado á noyte, que eran viinte dias do dito mes de setenbro, aas noue horas da noyte, foy conbatido por força de armas os paaços et curral do bispo d'Ourense et a hua ora, sobre médea noyte, foy entrado a poder de armas et non foy ende nehuún ome morto, saluo foron feridos dos do conçello ata noue ou des personas et dos do curral tres o quatro de seetadas, et en outro dia, o domingo, combateron a torre bella con Roy de Caldellas et con Johán de Canba et outro omee et puxaron de çima da torre hun canto e deu en hua perna Afonso da Proua et morreu dela.

1455, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 322

Year of 55, Saturday night, twenty days of said month of September, at nine hours at night; it was combatted forcibly with weapons the palace and yard of the Bishop of Ourense, and at certain time, around midnight, it was forcibly penetrated, but no man was killed then, but nine or ten persons of the Council were wounded, and of the yard three or four of arrow shots; and the other day, sunday, they combatted the old tower with Roi de Caldelas and with Xoán de Camba and with another man, and they threw from the top of the tower a stone which hit Afonso da Proba in a leg, and he died of that


abastecemento

abastecementos (plural)
abastecimento (alternative)

First attested in 1370 (basteçemento). From abastecer + -mento. Compare Portuguese abastecimento and Spanish abastecimiento

Pero sua entẽçõ he que nós que comamos et guastemos tódaslas cousas do basteçemento que tẽemos et perlo que deuemos gorir: pan et vjño et carne et fariña et outras cousas

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 410:

But his intentions is that we eat and expend everything of the supply we have and which must serve to our sustainment: bread and wine and meat and flour and other things


perfeba

perfebas (plural)
perceba (alternative)
prefreba (alternative)

From Late Latin palfebra, from palpebra. Doublet of pálpebra, a learned borrowing.


toucelo

From touzo + -elo, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).


cuberto

From Old Galician-Portuguese coberto, cuberto (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin coopertus. Cognate with Portuguese coberto and Spanish cubierto.


fumaxe

Attested since 1298. From Old French fumage. Compare English fumage.

don frey Fernando frontou a Maryna Anes et a sua filla que cubrisen huna cassa que tian en o Burgo, et que le pagasen della a fumagen, se non que a darian outre, et ela disso quela non pagaria, que non podia

1298, M. Romaní Martínez (ed.), La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira (1025-1310). Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, page 1204

brother Don Fernando challenged Mariña Anes and her daughter to cover a house they had in O Burgo, and that they must pay the fumage of it to him, or either he would give it to another; and she said that she wouldn't pay, that she couldn't

(historical, taxation) fumage, hearth tax


sesego

Attested since the 13th till the 15th centuries. From local Medieval Latin sessica (“site, sit”), probably from sessus, past participle of sedeō.

o sesego das cassas et do quinteyro donde morou dona Marina

1299, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Domínguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada: Edicións do Castro, page 432:

the plot of the houses and of the yard where Dona Mariña dwelt

(obsolete) site, plot, place (for a building)

1490, M. Lucas Álvarez & P. Lucas Domínguez (eds.) (1996): El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos. Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro (Publicacións do Seminario de Estudios Galegos), page 719

and also you must give to us some place inside said farm's cellar for our casks

e mays que nos deades sesego dentro en a adega do dito casar para nosas cubes


corentena

A semi-leaned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin quarentena.

A corentena e as vixilias notábanse moito na alimentación, sobre todo na dos grupos privilexiados e urbanos, que tiñan que mercar na praza comestibles. Abandonábase o consumo de carne, e ás veces o de leite e ovos...

1992, Pegerto Saavedra, A vida cotiá en Galicia de 1550 a 1850:


escornavirus

A portmanteau word, blend of escornar (“to dehorn; to hurt”) + coronavirus. First attested in 2020.


Gripio

foot-and-mouth disease
foot-and-mouth disease


arola

arolas (plural)
aurola (alternative)
orola (alternative)

→ Spanish: arola

Attested since the 18th century. Probably from area (“sand”) + -ola.

Lutraria lutraria
Wikispecies:Lutraria lutraria

otter shell (Lutraria lutraria and other related species)


sangano

[s̺ɑŋˈɡɑ.nʊ]

[s̺ɑŋˈɡɑ.nʊ]

[s̺ɑŋˈħɑ.nʊ]

Onomatopoeic. Cognate with dialectal Spanish zangaño (“shaft, crankshaft”).


epidemioloxía

epidemiology (the branch of a science dealing with the spread and control of diseases)


sismoloxía

seismology (the study of the vibration of the Earth's interior)


quentura

quenturas (plural)
caentura (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese caentura (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from quente (“hot, warm”) + -ura. Compare Portuguese quentura and Spanish calentura.

Et assi acaeçeu que hũu dia, andando desarmado pela grã caentura que fazia, catando o muro do castelo per hu era mays fraco et per u se perderia mays agiña, ouuo assi de seer que, allj andando, que llj tirarõ hũa seeta, de que foy mal ferido ontre as espadoas.

1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 262:

And so it happened that one day, while he was going around unarmed because of the big heat, examining the wall of the castle to find where it was thinner and where it was going to get lost sooner, they shot an arrow to him which wounded him severely in between the shoulder blades

Teño moitos calafrios,
á quentura ben detràs,
receo, si hè ò mal catìbo,
Dios che me'arrede detàl.

1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:

I have many shivers
the fever rises just next
I fear it is the mal cativo,
God keep me away from that


amencida

amencidas (plural)
amañecida (alternative)


agulleiro

agulleiros (plural)
agulheiro (alternative)

[ɑ.ɣ̞uˈɟej.ɾʊ]

[ɑ.ɣ̞uˈɟej.ɾʊ]


gaspallada

gaspalladas (plural)
gaspalhada (alternative)

(uncountable) gathered dead brushwood and leaves


lacoada

(cooking) dish made with pork shoulder, sausages, greens and potatoes, served in generous quantities


friúra

From Old Galician-Portuguese friura (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from frío (“cold”) + -ura.

...et non ande fora ao aar, mays este en casa cuberto de boõa cuberta, porque se descuberto andare fora, por rrazon da friura, poderia adoeçer

c. 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 66:

...and [the old horse] should not go outside in the open air, but stay at home covered with enough cover, because if he happens to go outside uncovered, because of the coldness, he can get sick


sirgo da raposa

gl-noun

sirgo da raposa m (plural sirgos da raposa)

Attested since the 15th century. Literally, “Fox silk/thread”.

Para matar a fistolla filla o rratano que he o sirgo da rraposa que see nos codesos, saão, et viño, et ponno en hũa olla Noua et leixao tanto cozer sobre llo fogo que se faça del caruõos, et destes caruões faras poo que deitaras na fistolla, et matalla as.

c. 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 101:

For killing the fistula, take ratano, that is, the hellweed that is found among the shrubs, salt it, and wine, and put it in a new pot and let it cook on the fire till there are carbons from it, and with these carbons make a powder that you'll apply on the fistula, and you'll kill it

Cuscuta epithymum
Cuscuta epithymum#Translingual

(Botanics) dodder, hellweed (Cuscuta epithymum)


presebe

presebes (plural)
persebe (alternative)
persebre (alternative)
peseble (alternative)
pesebre (alternative)
presebre (alternative)
presel (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese preseve (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin praesaepe. Cognate with Spanish pesebre.

digamos que o Cauallo deue no preseuel estar en dous arretaes

c. 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 59:

Let's say that the horse must be at the manger tied with two ropes


maniotas

From Spanish maneota (“hobble”), from Spanish manear (“to hobble”).

stiffness; muscular pain or tension caused by an effort or posture


axóuxere

axóuxeres (plural)
arouxo (alternative)
asouxo (alternative)
axóuxel (alternative)
axouxo (alternative)
xóuxel (alternative)
xóuxele (alternative)
xóuxere (alternative)
alxóuxere (alternative)
alxóuxara (alternative)
axóuxara (alternative)
axóuxer (alternative)
axóuxera (alternative)
alxóuxer (alternative)
alxóuxar (alternative)
ajôujere (alternative)

[aˈʃou̯ʃɪɾɪ]


inxección

Learned borrowing from Latin iniectiōnem.


ovelheiro

ovelheiros (plural)
ovelheira (feminine)
ovelheiras (feminine plural)


fraixolé

From French flageolet, from Old French flajol (“flute”) + diminutive -et; probably from Vulgar Latin flabeolum (“flute”), from Latin flāre (“to blow”).


porta xiratoria

gl-noun

porta xiratoria f (plural portas xiratorias)


sentidiño

sentidiños (plural)
sentidinho (alternative)

(colloquial) common sense (diminutive of sentido)


lusismo

Portuguesism (Portuguese attitudes and culture)

Portuguesism (a word or phrase typical of or derived from Portuguese)


narno

narnos (plural)
narne (alternative)
narnio (alternative)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *narina or similar, from Latin nāris. Compare Portuguese narina and French narine.


ballón

ballóns (plural)
bollón (alternative)
boullón (alternative)
bullón (alternative)

Unknown. Probably from a substrate language.


cribelo

cribelos (plural)
querbelo (alternative)


cochada

From cocho (“pig; pigsty”) + -ada. Compare Asturian gochada.

Han de perdonarnos os nosos leutores, si en latín vamos escribir dous renglós, inda sabendo qu'eles non o saben na súa maior parte, porqu'as linguas mortas sirven pra dicir o que na nosa fora unha cochada. Omnia animalia, post coitum, tristatum est.

1899, Xan de Masma, ¡A besta!, La Habana: El Comercio Tipográfico, page 33

Our readers will forgive us if in Latin we write a pair of lines, even knowing that most will not understand, because dead tongues allows us to say what in ours could be a naughtiness: Omnia animalia, post coitum, tristatum est.


anllar

anllares (plural)
allar (alternative)
illar (alternative)
inllar (alternative)
ollar (alternative)
ullar (alternative)
unllar (alternative)
anlhar (alternative)

Probably from Latin angularis (“square; placed at corners”), or either related to lar (“hearth”).

inh

firewood bin, compartment or space in the traditional kitchen, usually by the hearth or in a corner


tempas

From a derivative of Latin tempus, tempora, cf. the Vulgar Latin *temp(u)la.

head (each of the two round endcaps of a wooden cask)


trasavó

gl-noun

trasavó m (plural trasavós, feminine trasavoa, feminine plural trasavoas)

trasavós (plural)
trasavoa (feminine)
trasavoas (feminine plural)

great-great-grandfather, great-great-grandparent (the father of a great-grandparent)

(in the plural) great-great-grandparents


pingallo

pingallos (plural)
pingalho (alternative)

From pinga (“hanging drop”) + -allo. Compare Spanish pingajo.


poxigo

poxigos (plural)
pexigo (alternative)
postigo (alternative)
puxigo (alternative)

Attested as pooxigo in 1473. From an Old Galician-Portuguese *poschigo, from the attested postigo, postigoo, from Latin postīcum (“back-door”).


acedume

From acedo + -ume. Compare Portuguese azedume and Italian acidume.


alleiro

vegetable garden used for growing garlic


argalleiro

argalleiro m (plural argalleiros, feminine argalleira, feminine plural argalleiras)

argalleiros (plural)
argalleira (feminine)
argalleiras (feminine plural)
argalheiro (alternative)

[aɾɡaˈʎejɾʊ]


cenlla

From Old Galician-Portuguese çinlla (attested since the 13th century), from Latin cingula.


lobado

lobados (plural)
alobado (alternative)
lobazo (alternative)

From lobo (“wolf”) + -ado, as it was thought that wolves transmitted this sickness.

(pathology) carbuncle (abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin)


milfa

Perhaps from Latin mīlle fīlum, "a thousand threads".


mirfallo

mirfallos (plural)
milfa (alternative)
mirfia (alternative)


esquerdeiro

esquerdeiro m (plural esquerdeiros, feminine esquerdeira, feminine plural esquerdeiras)

esquerdeiros (plural)
esquerdeira (feminine)
esquerdeiras (feminine plural)

Attested since the 13th century, as a nickname. From esquerdo + -eiro.


androlla

androllas (plural)
androlha (alternative)

From Old French andoille, from Early Medieval Latin inductilis.


milfo

From milfa, mirfia, perhaps from Latin mīlle fīlum, "a thousand threads".


fiaza

From fío + -aza. Compare Spanish hilaza.

oakum (coarse fibres prepared for spinning)

Ligustrum vulgare
Ligustrum vulgare#Translingual


fieira

From fío + -eira. Cognate with Portuguese fieira. Compare Spanish hilera.


rancura

From Old Galician-Portuguese rancura (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from rancor with the suffix -ura.


petouto

Blend of petouco (“peak,heap”) + outo (“high”), possibly.

blend

Acolá enriba, naquel petouto, había un frade mexando por outro

Up there, upon that peak, there was a friar pissing on other


entrecosto

From entre- + costa. Compare Spanish entrecuesto.


recosto

From Old Galician-Portuguese recoste (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Back-formation from recostar.


lomedro

Unknown: attested in Old Galician-Portuguese circa 1320 (Livro d'Alveitaria de Mestre Giraldo).


rebuldeiro

From rebuldo + -eiro, or from re- + bulideiro.

Someone known for frequent attendance at parties, party animal, carouser, reveller.


hortensa

hydrangea (shrub of the genus Hydrangea)


olladela

olladelas (plural)
olhadela (alternative)


sobeira

From so- (“under, by”) + beira (“rim, border”), "under eaves".


engrenaxe

[eŋɡɾeˈnaʃɪ]


maraxe

maraxes (plural)
maragem (alternative)
marage (alternative)


mar de fondo

From mar (“sea”) + de (“of”) + fondo (“bottom”).


marusía

marusías (plural)
maresía (alternative)
maruxía (alternative)

Attested since the 18th century. Related to mar (“sea”), but perhaps from a substrate language.


curuxo

curuxos (plural)
caruxo (alternative)
coruxo (alternative)
cruxo (alternative)

Unknown. Probably from a substrate language: compare curuxa (“barn owl”).


furaareas

From furar (“to pierce”) + area (“sand”): "sand-piercer".

Belone belone
Belone belone#Translingual


morca

Possibly through Suevic from Proto-Germanic *merkuz (“dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *mergʷ- (“to flicker; to darken; to be dark”)


vaganta

[bɑˈɣ̞ɑn̪.t̪ɐ]

[bɑˈɣ̞ɑn̪.t̪ɐ]

[bɑˈħɑn̪.t̪ɐ]

Unknown. Perhaps from a substrate language or either a blend of garganta (“gorge”) and other term.


perdigoto

[peɾðiˈɣɔtʊ]

From Latin perdīx, perdīcem (“partridge”) + -oto.


añagoto

añagotos (plural)
anhagoto (alternative)


cruto

Attested since the 12th century, in Latin charters. Probably from a substrate language; compare Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round object”): Welsh crwth (“hump, hunch”).

top of a conical structure, heap or mountain

(by extension) top or highest point of any standing object or structure

tassel (the panicle on a male plant of maize)


galleiro

From galla (“prong”) + -eiro, ≈ "pronged".

a pronged element used for hanging and curing sausages and other meat or fish, of for storing and protecting bread from vermin


olleiro

olleiros (plural)
olheiro (alternative)
ulleiro (alternative)


olleiro

gl-noun

olleiro m (plural olleiros, feminine olleira, feminine plural olleiras)

olleiros (plural)
olleira (feminine)
olleiras (feminine plural)
olheiro (alternative)
ulleiro (alternative)


capelán

capeláns (plural)
capelám (alternative)
capelão (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese capelan (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably from Old Occitan capelan, from Late Latin cappellanus.

Sabeam todos, que por quanto a nos dom frey Beringel da Ordem dos Preegadores por la gracia de Deus arcibispo de Santiago, Capellan mayor del Rey et Chanceller e notario mayor do Reyno de Leon, por grandes querelas e por gran chamor pervereo que se fazian ennas friigyesías do noso arcibispado, grandes deguysados, iniurias et exeessoes per aquelles que tirauan et leuauan as penas das friigesias, que non tomaban os lobos ou a camada delles leuando mays que deuian et agraueando as gentes en como non deuian; por ende nos querendo y poer Remedio, ordinamos et mandamos que enna friigesía que ouuer XV friigeses ou mays poucos, se non tomaren lobo ou loba ou camada delles, ou non correren cada domaa con elles sen enganno segundo que e de custume des o primeyro sabado de quaresma ata dia de Sam Joham de Juyo, ou non fezeren o ffogio, que pagen X mrs.

1326, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, Madrid: Ediciones Castilla, page 398:

Everyone must know, that since to us, lord friar Berenger de Landore, of the Order of the Preachers, by the grace of God archbishop of Santiago, master chaplain of the king and chancellor and master notary of the Kingdom of Leon, because of the great complaints and great outcry that they did in the parishes of our archbishopric, because of the large crimes, slanders and excesses by those who took and carried the fines of the parishes that did not took the wolves or their litters, taking more than what they ought to, and harming the people as they should not; hence, we, wanting to put a solution to this, order and command that in every parish where there are 15 parishioners or less, if they didn't took a wolf or litter of them, or they didn't run them away each week, without trickery, as is the custom since the first Saturday of Lent till Saint John's day of June, or they didn't built a trap, they shall pay 10 maravedis.


paporroibo

paporroibos (plural)
paporrubio (alternative)
paporrubo (alternative)

From papo (“goitre”) + roibo (“reddish”).

Erithacus rubecula
Erithacus rubecula#Translingual

robin, European robin (Erithacus rubecula)


paifoco

paifocos (plural)
paizoco (alternative)
peifoco (alternative)
peizoco (alternative)

Perhaps from Pai (“Pelagius”) + foco (“hollow”). Pai was a very common name during the Low Middle Ages, and so this could means something like "Vain John".


laparada

laparadas (plural)
labarada (alternative)
labareda (alternative)
lamparada (alternative)

From lápara (“flame”). Compare Portuguese labareda.


canzorro

canzorros (plural)
cazurro (alternative)

From can (“dog”). Compare also Portuguese cachorro.


colmear

From colmea + -ar. Cognate with Spanish colmenar.


aguiúncho

aguiúnchos (plural)
aguiúcho (alternative)

A diminutive from aguia (“eagle”). Compare Spanish aguilucho.


mingua

From Old Galician-Portuguese mingua. Deverbal from minguar. Compare Portuguese míngua and Spanish mengua.


pedichón

pedichón m (plural pedichóns, feminine pedichona, feminine plural pedichonas)

pedichóns (plural)
pedichona (feminine)
pedichonas (feminine plural)
pidichón (alternative)


codelo

Attested since circa 1750. From codia (“breadcrust”) + -elo.

é logo un codeliño de pan que levaba na mau, parteuno en catro pedaciños é douno os rapaces decíndolles "non teño mais fillos queridos";

1823, Pedro Boado Sánchez, Diálogo entre dos Labradores gallegos afligidos:

and then a little piece of bread she had in her hand; she cut it into four pieces and gave it to the boys telling them "I have no more, my beloved sons"


faramalleiro

faramalleiro m (plural faramalleiros, feminine faramalleira, feminine plural faramalleiras)

faramalleiros (plural)
faramalleira (feminine)
faramalleiras (feminine plural)
zaramalleiro (alternative)


golpe de mar

Literally, “blow of sea”. Compare French coup de mer.

nisto outro golpe de mar
beu, é deu á popa un bico,
arrancou non sey que tablas,

1777, anonymous author, Romance da Urca San Antón:

and then another wave
came, and gave a kiss to the poop,
tearing off I don't know which boards


gharsa

From Hispano-Celtic *cárcia; akin to Welsh crychydd, Breton kerc'heiz.
Cognate with Spanish garza, Mirandese garça, Asturian garza, Portuguese garça and (possibly) Catalan garsa.

Eye dialect spelling of garza (“heron”).


ghanza

From Hispano-Celtic *cárcia; akin to Welsh crychydd, Breton kerc'heiz.


agrión

From agre (“sour”) + -ón. Compare Portuguese agrião.


bebedoiro

bebedoiros (plural)
bebedeiro (alternative)

Attested since 1457. From beber (“drink”) + -doiro. Cognate with Portuguese bebedouro.

hua taça gradiça, con hun lión e hua vide arredor eno vayxo, e dourada envayxo e por lo bebedoiro, que pesa un marco e medio, menos media honça

1457, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 188:


toural

(now regional) place where cattle markets are held


comichón

comichón m (plural comichóns, feminine comichona, feminine plural comichonas)

comichóns (plural)
comichona (feminine)
comichonas (feminine plural)


amocelo

amocelos (plural)
amicelo (alternative)
amucelo (alternative)

From Latin *hamicellus, diminutive of hamus. Doublet of anzol.


pixota

From Old Galician-Portuguese peixota (although the forms pixota is attested earlier, since the 12th century), from peixe (“fish”) + -ota, or either from pixa (“penis”) + -ota. Compare Portuguese peixota and Spanish pijota.

burazinos / panchozes tamañiños / Va jiba ou maragota / e si acasso ben pijota

1596, anonymous author, Diálogo de Alberte e Bieito:

little blackspot sea breams / and well sized axillary sea brams / With cuttlefish and ballan wrasse / and maybe also hake

Merluccius merluccius
Merluccius merluccius#Translingual


panchoz

Attested since 1596. Perhaps from Old Northern French panche (“paunch”); ultimately from Latin pantex (“paunch”).

little and / well sized blackspot sea breams / With cuttlefish and ballan wrasse / and maybe also hake


grandeiro

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese *grãeiro, from Latin granarium (compare sandar, rebanda). Cognate with Spanish granero.


lacoeiro

gl-noun

lacoeiro m (plural lacoeiros, feminine lacoeira, feminine plural lacoeiras)

lacoeiros (plural)
lacoeira (feminine)
lacoeiras (feminine plural)

Attested since 1596. From lacón (“pork shoulder”) + -eiro.

Meu sobrino pouco biche no camiño que Aca muyto mais pasou esa jente Aca chegou e nonos deixaron biño Pan nen pasta que ata estar de choz non lle basta darlles da bianda boa mesturada con boroa so pantrigo non segasta. Ja A bezina non tengalo nen galiña; polo camiño e congostra fan mais mal que no a lagostra son como abes de Rapiña, Lagumeiros, lapuzes e lacoeiros que con Achaque da guerra quedou ynsinada A terra a consentir lacoeiros

My nephew, little did you see in the road, because here much more happened: that people here arrived and they didn't left us wine, bread or paste, that even [unknown] was not enough for them; giving them good viand admixed with black bread, so the wheat bread is not spent. Now the neighbour has no hen or rooster; in the road and the lane they do more harm than locusts; they are like birds of prey, loafers[?], guzzlers and gluttons that with the excuse of the war the country was left taught to consent gluttons


cerralla

cerrallas (plural)
cirralla (alternative)
zarralla (alternative)

From cerro + -alla, ultimately from Latin cirrus (“curl”).

(derogatory) lock of hair when dirty or untidy; specifically, lock of hair of a sheep or cow when shaggy or covered with dry excrements or mud


muraño

From Latin mūsarāneus (“shrew”, literally “spider mouse”).


canipa

Unknown; perhaps from a Germanic language, compare Dutch knippen (“to cut”).

xuntando unhas canipas puso as pallas baixo delas asta que prendeu o lume

1895, Xesús Rodríguez López, Cousas das mulleres:

putting together some twigs, he put the straws under them until the fire started

branch, twig, especially when used as firewood


mala morte

malas mortes (plural)
má morte (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese maa morte (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria): from mala (“bad”) morte (“death”).

[...] Lixeira dun buratiño / Lanzou sobr'ela unha araña, / I abrazandoa cos zancos, / Chantoulle logo as queixadas; / A mosca con mil lamentos / Perdón pedía e choraba; / Mais a araña vingadora / Dixoll'esta razón sabia: / « Morrerá de mala morte / Quen ó inocente maltrata»

Swiftly, from a hole, a spider jump on her and embracing her with her legs, then she thrust her jaws; the fly, among a thousand laments, asked for forgiveness and cried; but the vengeful spider told her this wise motive: «They will die a bad death who the innocent hurts»


campo da feira

gl-noun

campo da feira m (plural campos da feira)

From campo (“field”) da (“of the”) feira (“fair”). Compare English Fairfield.


bertorella

bertorellas (plural)
bertoella (alternative)
Bertorelha (alternative)

From a proto-Galician form *brotolelia, a diminutive of *brotola (compare brota and Spanish brótola).

Phycis blennoides
Wikispecies:Phycis blennoides


cornella

From Old Galician-Portuguese cornelha, inherited from Latin cornīcula, diminutive of cornīx (“crow”). Compare Spanish corneja, French corneille.

Corvus corone
Corvus corone#Translingual


servizo

[s̺eɾˈβ̞i.θʊ]

[s̺eɾˈβ̞i.θʊ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese serviço (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin servitium. Cognate with Portuguese serviço and Spanish servicio.

1278, M. Romaní Martínez (ed.), La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira, Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, pag. 1073

this grace and donation I do to you because of the much service that you always did to my father and to my mother and to all of my lineage and to me

esta gracia et esta doaçon vus faço por muyto serviço que sempre fezestes a meu padre et a mia madre et a todo meu lignaiem et a min


confraría

Attested since the 12th century. From Old French confrérie.

presentes outrosy Juan Verde, vigario da confraria dos carniçeiros e Gonçalvo Eanes do Canpo e Gonçalvo Eanes da Moeda Nova, vigarios da confraria dos alfayates e Ruy Fernandes, vigario da confraria dos correiros e Juan Senmal, vigario dos ferreiros

1421, Á. Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 272

Being present also Xoán Verde, vicar of the butchers' guild, and Gonzalo Eanes do Campo and Gonzalo Eanes da Moeda Nova, vicars of the tailors' guild, and Roi Fernández, vicar of the beltmakers' guild, and Xoán Senmal, vicar of the smiths


argazo

argazos (plural)
algazo (alternative)
argaço (alternative)

Blend of sargazo + alga, perhaps; then ultimately probably from Latin salicastrum. Doublet of chaguazo and cognate with Portuguese sargaço.

dead seaweeds which are used as fertilizer


paneira

paneiras (plural)
panceira (alternative)


xuramento

xuramentos (plural)
juramento (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese juramento, from xurar + -mento.

Auos Joã Perez de Salto Juiz del Rey na terra de Pruços. ea uos Roy Martijz meu merino de Nendos et de Pruços. ea uos Pedro Suarez de Betanços saude et graça. sabades que eu receby carta del Rey aque uos enuyo ensarrada éésta mya et mandouos que Logo enpresente ueyades esta carta del Rey et que cumprades todalas cousas que éénla manda ' en tal razon que ueyades o priuilegio que o Abbade de Monffero tẽ. et que uáádes ááqueles lugares ondesse querelou al Rey quele derriuarã pedras que forã metidas por seus coctos et que pesqueyrades por juramento cum uerdade en oméés bóós et dereytos.

1261, A. Martínez Salazar, editor, Documentos gallegos de los siglos XIII al XVI, A Coruña: Casa de la Misericordia, page 33:

To you, Xoán Pérez de Salto, King's judge in the land of Pruzos; and to you, Roi Martís, my official in Nendos and Pruzos; and to you, Pedro Suárez de Betanzos; health and grace.
You must know that I have received a letter of the King, which I send to you enclosed in this mine, and I order you to promptly see this letter of the King and to accomplish everything ordered in it; so that you must see the privilege the abbot of Monfero has, and you must go to that places where he complaint before the King about the stones that were brought down and which were marking the property limits; and you shall research by oath in truth among good men and rights


sinatura

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin signatura.


vergonza

vergonzas (plural)
vergoña (alternative)

[beɾˈɣ̞on̪.θɐ]

[beɾˈɣ̞on̪.θɐ]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese vergonça, a semi-learned form from Latin verecundia. Compare Spanish vergüenza.

inh+

Et deu Deus Eua a Adam por companeyra; et Adam et [Eua] eram ambos desnũus, mays nõ aviã ende vergonça

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 7:

And God give Eva to Adam as companion; an Adam and Eva were both nude, but they didn't have shame because of this

Ten vergonza e pídelles perdón.

Have some dignity and apologise to them.


gordén

Attested since the 15th century (gordeen). From gordo (“fat”) + -én.

Outra enfirmidade ueo ao Cauallo apreso do polmo que sarra os furados de dentro porque espira o polmon pello qual çarramento o Cauallo adur pode soprar como lle conuen, et fazeselle que sopra moito porllos nares et ferenlle ou lateianlle os jllaes, a qual door auen ligeiramente ao Cauallo groso, ca por rrazon do traballo desagisado et da caentura et da gordeen que se dessolue ençarranse ao Cauallo as arterias do polmon

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 99:

Another sickness come to the horse suffering polmo which closes the holes inside for which the lung breathes, and because of that closeness the horse cannot blow as needed, and makes him blow a lot for the nostrils and his flanks throb or hurt; and said sickness come promptly to the fat horse, because of the disturbed work and of the heat and of the fat that gets dissolved the horse's lung arteries close


conachada

(vulgar) stupidity (an act that is stupid)


inchazo

First attested in 1409 (inchaço). From inchar (“to swell”) + -azo. Cognate with Portuguese inchaço.


inchazón

From Old Galician-Portuguese inchaçon (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably from Latin inflātiō, inflātiōnem and therefore a doublet of inflación. Cognate with Portuguese inchação.


persoeiro

gl-noun

persoeiro m (plural persoeiros, feminine persoeira, feminine plural persoeiras)

persoeiros (plural)
persoeira (feminine)
persoeiras (feminine plural)

Attested since the 13th century: from persoa + -eiro.


fame negra

Attested since the 19th century: fame (“hunger”) negra (“black”), "black hunger".

—Antes d'entrar —con amargo acento, indicoume o vello— que teñas calma che encargo; porque vas ver cousas tales que nin nas noites de febre tés soñado outras iguales. A fame negra aquí mora; vai con tento, que o seu dente vivos e mortos devora.

1888, Manuel Curros Enríquez, O divino sainete, A Coruña: Ferrer, page 47:


cántiga

cántigas (plural)
cántega (alternative)
cantiga (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese cantiga, either from cantar or from a Celtic substrate form *cantǐcā or *cantīcā, related to Proto-Celtic *kaneti (“to sing”) and *kantlom (“song”), themselves from the same ultimate source as cantar.


cantazo

angle (corner where two walls intersect)


chuviña

[t͡ʃuˈβ̞i.ɲɐ]


moente

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin molens.


gordecho

gordecho m (plural gordechos, feminine gordecha, feminine plural gordechas)

gordechos (plural)
gordecha (feminine)
gordechas (feminine plural)

[ɡoɾˈðet͡ʃʊ]

Attested since the 19th century. From gordo + -echo.


comparanza

Attested since 1697. From Latin comparantia or rather from comparar + -anza.

Trouguen esta comparanza;
Porque todo ò mundo veja,
No que foron ò que vay
Do gran Iulio ò gran Fonseca.

1697, Juan del Rio, Xa que nos puxo o certamen:

I brought this comparison
For every one to see
In what they were what it goes
From Julius the Great to Fonseca the Great

na compaña dos meus bos amigos Benito das Vacalouras e Martiño de Zamora, metínme nun deses wagós do camiño de ferro d'Ourense a Vigo, i anque fumos nel como sardiñas en banasta, non tivemos queixa, porque neso da comparanza das sardiñas, nosoutros éramos das cabezudas, i as que levábamos á beira eran das escochadas, frescas e pequerrechiñas e cun sal

1884, O tío Marcos da Portela, volume 2, number 45, page 1:

in the company of my good friends Benito das Vacalouras and Martiño from Zamora, I entered one of those wagons of the railroad from Ourense to Vigo and, even if we travelled packed as sardines, we had no complaint, because on that comparison we were as sardines with head, but those next to us were as headless sardines, fresh and small and salted


xaneira

From quendas xaneiras (“the calends of January”), from Latin kalendas ianuarias. Compare Portuguese janeiras.

(in the plural) New Year's carols (traditional songs celebrating the New Year and Epiphany)


boudaña

From Old Galician-Portuguese boudanha (13th century, used once by Alfonso X), probably from a substrate language as many other medicinal or venomous herbs.

Bryonia dioica
Bryonia dioica#Translingual

(botany) bryony (Bryonia dioica, Bryonia alba)

(botany) black bryony, lady's seal (Tammus communis)


norza

norzas (plural)
norça (alternative)
nouza (alternative)

Unknown. The etymology proposed by J. Coromines for Spanish nueza seems untenable for Galician or for Portuguese norça. Probably from a substrate language.


cangroia

cangroias (plural)
cangrobia (alternative)
cangroria (alternative)

Unknown. Probably from a substrate language. Cognate with Portuguese congorsa, congossa.

Vinca difformis
Wikispecies:Vinca difformis

(botany) periwinkle (Vinca difformis, Vinca major)


lurpia

lurpias (plural)
lirpia (alternative)
lorpia (alternative)

Unknown. Compare Portuguese lorpa, French lourpidon.

Espello de Diputados,
donde se deben mirar
eses lurpias enmeigados,
que quixeren diputar,

1838, Florencio Pol, Espello de Diputados:

Mirror of representatives
where they should watch themselves
those bewitched witches
who would want to represent


sumidoiro

From sumir + -doiro. Compare Portuguese sumidouro.


estornela

estornelas (plural)
astronela (alternative)
estornenla (alternative)
estronela (alternative)

Perhaps from estorno (“starling”) + -ela.


lerica

lericas (plural)
leriquia (alternative)
lirica (alternative)

darnel (cereal weed usually considered harmful)


rata de auga

From rata (“rat”) de (“of”) auga (“water”).


aguana

aguanas (plural)
ougana (alternative)
agoaña (alternative)

Galemys pyrenaicus
Wikispecies:Galemys pyrenaicus


loendro

From Latin rhododendron, from Ancient Greek ῥοδόδενδρον (rhodódendron, “oleander”), from ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) + δένδρον (déndron, “tree”). Doublet of rododendro, a borrowing.

der

Nerium oleander
Nerium oleander#Translingual


surbia

Unknown. As with many other medicinal or venomous plants, its name can derive from a substrate language.

Veratrum album
Veratrum album#Translingual

Euphorbia lathyris
Euphorbia lathyris#Translingual

Euphorbia helioscopia
Euphorbia helioscopia#Translingual

spurge (Euphorbia lathyris and Euphorbia helioscopia)


capudre

capudres (plural)
capudrio (alternative)
capudro (alternative)
capurro (alternative)
carnapudeiro (alternative)
cornabude (alternative)
cornabullo (alternative)
cornapuz (alternative)

[kɑˈpu.ð̞ɾɪ]

Perhaps from *corno pudrio, from Latin cornus putridus.

Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia#Translingual


cancereixo

cancereixos (plural)
canfreixo (alternative)
escancrés (alternative)

Perhaps from *corno cereixo, "cherry cornel", from Latin cornus cerasius.


cornabude

cornabudes (plural)
capudrio (alternative)
capudro (alternative)
capurro (alternative)
carnapudeiro (alternative)
cornabullo (alternative)
cornapuz (alternative)

[kɔɾnaˈβuðɪ]


cornizó

From corno (“horn”) + -izo + -ó. Cognate with Spanish cornezuelo.


carroucho

carrouchos (plural)
croucho (alternative)

Unknown. Probably from a substrate language.


antelar

protruding prolongation of the oven's hearthstone


coaña

coañas (plural)
caña (alternative)
cuaña (alternative)

broom used for sweeping the chaff out the threshing floor


coaño

coaños (plural)
caño (alternative)
cuaño (alternative)
coanho (alternative)

Unknown. Perhaps from a substrate language.

capsule of flax, after letting the flaxseed out


coañeira

coañeiras (plural)
cañeira (alternative)
cuañeira (alternative)

[kʊ̯aˈɲejɾɐ]

Xunta ó monton nun cazolo
è dicindo “Avemaria”
arrebolo na cañeira

c. 1850, Florencio Pol, Baixaba os calzós Xacobo:

he gathers the mound in a chamber pot
and saying "Ave Maria"
throws it in the midden

place, usually by the house, for the traditional preparation of compost; midden

traditional compost prepared with chaff, brushwood and dung


arcea

Attested since 1418. Probably from Latin acceia. Compare Italian acceggia.

1418, Á. Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 95

Item, woodcocks and wood pigeons, each one two white coins

Iten arçeas et poonbos troquados, cada ũu duas blanquas.

Scolopax rusticola
Scolopax rusticola#Translingual


galiñola

galiñolas (plural)
galiñoa (alternative)

From galiña (“hen”) + -ola. Compare Portuguese galinhola.

Gallinula chloropus
Gallinula chloropus#Translingual


aguaneta

aguanetas (plural)
agoaneta (alternative)

Attested since 1418. From augana (“water animal”).

Item, thrushes and blackbirds each one a crown. Item woodpeckers and magpies and snipes, four crowns each one

Iten tordos et melrras cada hũu a coroado. Iten petos et pegas et agoanetas a quatro coroados cada ũu

Gallinago gallinago
Gallinago gallinago#Translingual


estreleiro

gl-noun

estreleiro m (plural estreleiros, feminine estreleira, feminine plural estreleiras)

estreleiros (plural)
estreleira (feminine)
estreleiras (feminine plural)
estreleyro (alternative)

Attested since circa 1300. From estrela (“star”) + -eiro.

os do Egyto, que eram moy grandes estreleyros et sabedores das naturas das cousas, adorauã oelamẽto da agoa et as planetas mays que aoutra cousa

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Archivum, page 264:

the [people] from Egypt, who were great astrologers and knowledgeable on the nature of things, adore the element of water and the planets more than any other thing


adiviño

adiviño m (plural adiviños, feminine adiviña, feminine plural adiviñas)

adiviños (plural)
adiviña (feminine)
adiviñas (feminine plural)
adeviño (alternative)
adivín (alternative)
adivinho (alternative)

Attested since circa 1350. Back-formation from adiviñar. Compare Spanish adivino.

c1350, K. M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto Padre Sarmiento, pag. 85

because the soothsayers told you that you would die at the battle of Troy

por que lle diserõ os adeujnos que avias de morrer ẽna batalla de Troya

soothsayer, seer, clairvoyant, fortune-teller


xema

xemas (plural)
ema (alternative)
xemia (alternative)
gema (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese gema (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin gemma. Cognate with Portuguese gema and Spanish yema.

Demais fazerll’ás beverage das gemas dos ovos e d’açafran e d’olio das violas, todo amasado ensembra con bõo viño branco

1409, G. Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de medicina equorum" de Joradanus Ruffus, Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 172:

Moreover you'll make him a beverage with egg yolks and saffron and viola oil, everything mixed together with good white wine


sal xema

E se os ollos teveren pano vello ou rezente, filla a siba e o sarro da cuba e a sal gema, tanto de ũu como doutro, e fage poo de todo e peneirao moi ben e lançao nos ollos deste poo por ũu canudo duas vezes no dia asaz del

1409, G. Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de medicina equorum" de Joradanus Ruffus, Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 184:

And if the eyes have old or recent cloth, take cuttlefish bone and wine tartar and rock salt, as much of one as of the other, and make a powder of everything and sieve it well; and with a tube throw a good quantity of it in the eyes, twice a day


miñaxoia

miñaxoia m or f by sense (plural miñaxoias)

Attested since 1750. From miña + xoia, "my jewel".

¡miña xoia! aquel Señor non berraba con ninguén, dabame sempre e decote una gran cunca de caldo, ou bo taliso de pan, e moitas veces un trago. ¡Aquel si que xa era Amo!

1807, anonymous author, Primeiro diálogo dos esterqueiros:

Poor thing! that sir would argue with not one; he'll give me always and daily a large bowl of broth, or a good piece of bread, and frequently a swig. That was a lord!


talizo

Poor thing! That sir would argue with not one; he'll give me always and daily a large bowl of broth, or a good portion of bread, and frequently a swig. That was a lord!


femenza

From Old Galician-Portuguese femença (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin vehementia.


saboga

From Late Latin samauca, from Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”).


prago

From Latin phager, from Ancient Greek φάγρος (phágros, “sea-bream, braize, Pagrus vulgaris”).

der

Pagrus pagrus
Pagrus pagrus#Translingual


porquiño

porquiños (plural)
porquín (alternative)
porquinho (alternative)

a todo porquiño lle chega o seu San Martiño


larego

Attested since circa 1750. From lar (“hearth, fireside”) + -engo, attracted later by the suffix -ego.


nacenza

nacenzas (plural)
nacencia (alternative)
nascença (alternative)

[naˈθɛn̪.θɐ]

[naˈθɛn̪.θɐ]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese nacença (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin nāscentia. Cognate with Portuguese nascença.


pasaxe

Attested since circa 1300 (pasage). From Old French passage (“passage, part of a route or journey”).

bor

passageway (any way for passing in, out or through something)

ticket (pass entitling the holder to board a train, a bus, a plane, or other means of transportation)

passage (paragraph or section of text or music)


rexedor

gl-noun

rexedor m (plural rexedores, feminine rexedora, feminine plural rexedoras)

rexedores (plural)
rexedora (feminine)
rexedoras (feminine plural)

Attested since the 14th century. Borrowed from Old Spanish regidor.


mesquindade

From Old Galician-Portuguese mesquindade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from mesquiño + -dade. Compare Spanish mezquindad.


fimento

Att. 14th century. From fiir (“to finish”) + -mento.


falecemento

Attested since the 15th century. From falecer (“to die”) + -mento. Cognate with Portuguese falecimento and Spanish fallecimiento.

faço meu testamento et ordeno de meus bens como despois de meu falecemento fiquen ben ordenados a servicio de deus y a prol e saude de miña alma

1454, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 460:

I make my testament and order my assets so that after my decease they remain in order at the service of God and in favor and health of my soul


esquecemento

Attested since circa 1400. From esquecer (“to forget”) + -mento. Cognate with Portuguese esquecimento.

Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus
Lima river

Non dés a esquecemento,
Da injuria o rudo encono;
Despérta do teu sono,

1890, Eduardo Pondal, Os Pinos (national anthem of Galicia)

Don't give to oblivion
The rude spite of defamation
Awake from your sleep
Home of Breoghain


cogombro do demo

cogombro do demo m (plural cogombros do demo)

From cogombro do demo (“devil's cucumber”).

Ecballium elaterium
Ecballium elaterium#Translingual

squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium)


barquín

Probably from Asturian barquín, a diminutive from barca (“boat”).


crecho

crecho m (plural crechos, feminine crecha, feminine plural crechas)

crechos (plural)
crecha (feminine)
crechas (feminine plural)

Probably from Latin crispulus, diminutive of crispus.


mesquiño

mesquiños (plural)
mesquinho (alternative)
miscuriño (alternative)
misquiño (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese mesquinno (“poor”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Arabic مِسْكِين (miskīn). Compare Portuguese mesquinho and Spanish mezquino, Sicilian mischinu.


mouramia

mouramias (plural)
mourama (alternative)

From mouro (“Moor”) + -amia. Compare Portuguese mourama.

¿Galicia? ... ¿Ónd'stá? ¿Ónde vai a nosa fermosa e podente Galicia? ¿Ónde pára? ¿ónde? aquela casta d'héroes fartos qu'o mesmo tremaron as follas das súas coitelas diante das naceós veciñas, acoradas, escorrentadas, por os bárbaros e a mouramia

1859, J. Domínguez d'Esquerdo, Coroas e cadeas do fidalgo povo galicián:

(historical) the Moor nation; the Maghreb


dentamia

Attested since the 18th century. From dente (“tooth”) + -amia.


dentame

dentames (plural)
dentamio (alternative)

Attested since the 18th century. From dente (“tooth”) + -ame.


fargallo

fargallos (plural)
farragallo (alternative)

Unknown. Attested since circa 1750. Perhaps from Latin frangō.

Agora si, que cai ben
aquel conto do Boy manso,
que nunha corrida de Touros,
se ò pican, â ollos cerrados
â hùs lles fura os calzòs,
outros os pincha rodando,
este quero, aquel non quero,
esparcendolle os fargallos,
hasta que queda à Praza
espoada âô seu mandado:

1750, anonymous author, Galanteo de mozo e moza:

Now it sits well
that tale of the docile ox,
that in a bullfight,
if they sting him, as with closed eyes,
he bores the pants of some,
others he takes down rolling,
this one I want, that I don't,
scattering their rags,
till the plaza is left
sieved [dusted?] at his command


ferún

From Old Galician-Portuguese *ferũu, from fero (“fierce”) + -ún.

characteristic taste and smell of game meat


bravún

bravúns (plural)
bravúo (alternative)
bravú (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese *bravũu, from bravo (“wild”) + -ún.


cortizo

Attested since the 14th century (cortiço). From cortiza (“bark”), from Latin cortex.

mando os cortiços e as outras coussas mobiles todas a Pero eanes meu marido

1342, E. Portela Silva, editor, La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV, Santiago: Tip. El Eco Franciscano, page 415:

I bequeath the beehives and all the other movable property to Pedro Yanes, my husband

Vinte cinco ducias D'obos
eu lle ofrezo, porque teñan
conque fazer os Formigos,
e de mel vnha caldeyra,
que os meus cobos e cortizos
teñen moy boas entenas;
porque sairon ogano
moytos enjames d'abellas.

1707, Salvador Francisco Roel, Entremés ao real e feliz parto da nosa raíña:

Twenty-five dozens of eggs
I offer her, so that they have the necessary
to cook the formigos;
and of honey a pot,
because my skeps and hives
have very good honeycombs,
because this year
many swarms of bees went out

Quercus suber
Quercus suber#Translingual


mencía

Perhaps from Dona Mencía, "Lady Mencía".

a variety of black grape used to make red wines, native to Galicia and Leon


mencía

Posme un mencía?


recolleita

Attested since 1418. From Latin recollēcta or from re- + colleita.

En certa aldea traballou o ano pasado certo labrador certa porcion de terra: chegada a recolleita foi a segar, e colleu vinte pares de monllos, deles pagou o señor cura duos pares do desmo, pagou nove o señor amo; logo veu o señor cura, e rapoulle cinco polas toucas, quedaronlle catro, mallounos, e non lle deron un ferrado

1814, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Aos coruñeses:

in certain village last year certain farmer farmed certain apportion of land: as the harvest came he went to reap; he collected twenty pairs of sheaves; of them he paid two pairs to the priest for the tithe, nine he paid to the landlord; then the priest came again and snatched five for the ecclesiastical services; he was left with four; he threshed them and obtained less than half a bushel


barquinazo

barquinazos (plural)
blequinazo (alternative)
braquinazo (alternative)

From barquín (“bellows”) + -azo, or either perhaps from Spanish barquinazo (“jolt”).


durmiñento

durmiñentos (plural)
dormiñento (alternative)
durminhento (alternative)

Atelecyclus undecimdentatus
Atelecyclus undecimdentatus

vulgar name of a number of crabs:
Atelecyclus undecimdentatus

vulgar name of a number of crabs:
Calappa granulate

Lepidochiton cinereus
Lepidochiton cinereus#English


endego

endegos (plural)
andego (alternative)
endigo (alternative)

From Latin index. Doublet of índice and éndez. Cognate with Italian endice.


xistra

Unknown. Perhaps from Latin caelestis (compare Catalan celístia, "starlight") with semantic evolution "night" > "cold".


ouropeso

ouropesos (plural)
ouropés (alternative)
ouropesa (alternative)

Simethis planifolia
Simethis planifolia#English


xieiro

xieiros (plural)
sieiro (alternative)
xeeiro (alternative)


sinistralidade

gl-noun

sinistralidade f (plural sinistralidades)


estoxo

Attested since circa 1300 (estojo). Probably a deverbal from estoxar, from Late Latin *studiare (“to keep”), from studium; alternatively borrowed from Old Occitan estug. Cognate with Portuguese estojo, Asturian estoyo, Spanish estuche.

box (compartment of an item of furniture)


temoncela

pole used to attach a second pair of oxen to a plough or carriage


temoa

From an Old Galician-Portuguese feminine *temõa, from temón (“pole, beam”).


coadeira

coadeiras (plural)
coladeira (alternative)
cuadeira (alternative)

grooved table used for the elaboration of lye


camballota

From camba (“bend”) + -alla + -ota. Compare Portuguese cambalhota.


socairo

fixo unha casa nova de sótano e de sobrado co outón de pinche pró Norte que refrescara o faiado, solaina pró mediodía por coller sol ó socairo co seu gran patín de pedra e madeiras de castaño

1858, Juan Manuel Pintos, Contos da aldea que parecen historias da vila e historias da vila que parecen contos da aldea:

he built a new house, with ground and upper floor, with the gable facing north for refreshing the attic, sunroom to the south for catching the sun leeward, with its large balcony of stone and chestnut wood


frixio

frixio m (plural frixios, feminine frixia, feminine plural frixias)

frixios (plural)
frixia (feminine)
frixias (feminine plural)
frígio (alternative)

Phrygian (native or inhabitant of Phrygia)


mesoiro

mesoiros (plural)
masoiro (alternative)
mazoiro (alternative)
mozoiro (alternative)

From mesa (“table”) or masa (“dough”) and -oiro.

parlor, alcove for sitting and talking, by a windows


casoiro

Attested since 1812. From casa (“house”) or casar (“to marry”) and -oiro. Compare Portuguese casório.

(informal, sometimes derogatory) wedding


chineiro

From china (“china, porcelain”) + -eiro.

cupboard (especially one for keeping china and glassware)


gardarríos

From gardar (“to guard”) + ríos (“rivers”), "river-guard".


cuquelo

Attested since circa 1750. From cuco + -elo.

Cuculus canorus
Cuculus canorus#Translingual


avechucho

[aβeˈt͡ʃut͡ʃʊ]

From ave (“bird”) and a reduplication of the pejorative suffix -ucho.

Tres avichouchos pasan o mar: a rula, o cuco e o paspallar

Three birds pass the sea: the turtle dove, the cuckoo and the quail

(derogatory, figurative) a creepy or evil person


poubea

Attested since 1877. From Latin populus, although allegedly also from Latin pabuletum.

Cada quen á súa poubea


dispoñibilidade

dispoñibilidade f (plural dispoñibilidades)


tixela

From Vulgar Latin *tegella, diminutive form of Latin tēgula (“roof-tile”). See tixola, also from a diminutive form of tēgula (“roof-tile”).


luceiro

Attested since circa 1300 (luzeiro). from luz + -eiro or lucir + -eiro, "lighter".

luminary (a body that gives light; especially, one of the heavenly bodies)


repenico

repenicos (plural)
repinico (alternative)

(figurative) garnish, ornament, decoration


pór do sol

From pór (“set”) + do (“of the”) + sol (“sun”). Cognate with Portuguese pôr do sol.

compound

Estaban na eira do siñor Xorxe ó pór do sol catro persoas pra falar con Ramón o Soneira

1911, Francisco Potel, Costumes da Terriña:

At Mr. Xorxe's ground there were four persons, at sunset, for speaking with Ramón o Soneira


cuxo

gl-noun

cuxo m (plural cuxos, feminine cuxa, feminine plural cuxas)

cuxos (plural)
cuxa (feminine)
cuxas (feminine plural)
cucho (alternative)
tuxo (alternative)


sugota

Corréro-no as meigas; Chuchouno a sugota

1886, Antonio María de la Iglesia, El Idioma Gallego:

(folklore, mythology) hag; a she-vampire


instantiño

1877, O tío Marcos da Portela, nº 61, p. 243

Hear me for a little moment, sit down around me:

Oídeme un instantiño, Sentaivos ó meu redor


formigos

Attested since 1707. Apparently, from formiga (“ant”).

Twenty-five dozens of eggs
I offer her, so that they have the necessary
to cook the formigos;
and of honey a cauldron,
because my skeps and hives
have very good honeycombs,
because this year
many swarms of bees went out

(cooking) a fried dessert made with crumbs, eggs and sugar or honey, which was traditionally made on the occasion of a birth


modo avión

airplane mode (feature included on some cellular phones which disables radio signals)


coucillón

coucillóns (plural)
concillón (alternative)

Unknown. Perhaps ultimately from Latin calx. Cognate with Asturian coceyón.

each one of the two bearings of a Galician traditional cart


coucón

coucóns (plural)
cloucón (alternative)
croucón (alternative)


poexo

poexos (plural)
poenxo (alternative)
poxo (alternative)
puexo (alternative)

Attested since circa 1750. From Latin pūlegium. Cognate with Portuguese poejo, Spanish poleo.

Mentha pulegium
Mentha pulegium#Translingual


baldrogas

baldragas (alternative)
baldregas (alternative)
baldroas (alternative)


tolaxe

tolaxes (plural)
tolagem (alternative)
tolage (alternative)

From tolo (“crazy”) + -axe. First attested in 1697.

Tolaje serà meterme
Na Teologia Sagrada;

1697, Fabián Pardiñas, Eu oín a meus avós:

Foolishness will be to meddle
With Sacred Theology


pastrán

pastrán m (plural pastráns, feminine pastrana, feminine plural pastranas)

pastráns (plural)
pastrana (feminine)
pastranas (feminine plural)
pastrano (alternative)


papaxoubas

From papar (“swallow, eat”) + xouba (“young sardine”).


nacente

nacentes (plural)
nascente (alternative)


concheiro

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela

(historical) shell-maker; artisan who, during the Middle Ages, worked shells which were sold to the pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela, who took them back to their countries, elsewhere in Europe, as proof of their pilgrimage


carvea

carveas (plural)
caravea (alternative)
cardea (alternative)
cardén (alternative)
carveis (alternative)
carvés (alternative)
carvesa (alternative)

Ultimately probably from Arabic كَرَاوِيَا (karāwiyā), via Aramaic from Ancient Greek καρώ (karṓ), κάρον (káron, “caraway”).

Trocdaris verticillatum (syn. Carum verticillatum)


carnabaza

carnabazas (plural)
canabrazo (alternative)
carnavaza (alternative)
carnibá (alternative)

[kɑɾnaˈβaθɐ]

Unknown. Attested since circa 1750. Perhaps from a substrate language, like cabaza and carpaza.


herba doce

[ˈɛɾβa ˈðoθɪ]

From herba (“weed”) doce (“sweet”). Compare Portuguese erva-doce (“fennel; anise”).


niñada

niñadas (plural)
ninhada (alternative)
niada (alternative)

From niño (“nest”) + -ada. Compare Portuguese ninhada and Spanish nidada.


besta brava

[ˈbɛsta ˈβɾaβɐ]

Attested since circa 1300. From besta (“horse”) brava (“wild”).


besta brava

gl-noun

besta brava m or f by sense (plural bestas bravas)

[ˈbɛsta ˈβɾaβɐ]


coitadiño

coitadiño m (plural coitadiños, feminine coitadiña, feminine plural coitadiñas)

coitadiños (plural)
coitadiña (feminine)
coitadiñas (feminine plural)
cuitadiño (alternative)

Attested since the 18th century. From coitado + -iño.

Sòs mentes en Deus do Céo,
agarimo podo achàr,
pois cuitadiña de min;
já non teño Pay, nin Nay!

1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:

Just in God of Heaven
shelter I can find
Because, pity me [poor thing me],
No longer I have mum or dad


calafrío

calafríos (plural)
calefrío (alternative)
callafrío (alternative)
callosfrío (alternative)
calofrío (alternative)

Attested since the 18th century. Perhaps borrowed from Old Spanish calofrío (“shiver”), or either a cognate of it, perhaps from caldo (“hot”) + frío (“cold”)

Teño moitos calafrios,
á quentura ben detràs,
receo, si hè ò mal catìbo,
Dios che me'arrede detàl.

I have many shivers
the fever rises just next
I fear it is the mal cativo,
God takes me away from that


mal cativo

Attested since the 18th century. From mal (“sickness”) cativo (“little”), "[the] little sickness"

I have many shivers
the fever rises just next
I fear it is the mal cativo,
God keeps me away from that

(historical, pathology) an unidentified sickness (18th-19th centuries)

(folklore) a nervous sickness, thought to be caused by evil eye or other malediction


toupello

toupellos (plural)
toupelho (alternative)


pandelo

Probably related to Portuguese pão de ló, perhaps from French pain de lof.

(cooking) salty pancake made with broth, eggs, flour and sometimes bacon


apirolado

apirolado m (plural apirolados, feminine apirolada, feminine plural apiroladas)

apirolados (plural)
apirolada (feminine)
apiroladas (feminine plural)

(vulgar, slang, derogatory) dickhead; dumbass


barrufeiro

barrufeiros (plural)
burrufeiro (alternative)


ollo do cu

From Old Galician-Portuguese olho do cuu (“asshole”). Cognate with Portuguese olho do cu.

inh

outros contaban que Beja
lle apretara as carabillas.
Esto ben podrà ser certo,
p[o]rq[u]e cando este Señor
lle berraba, el tembraba,
é aposto eu que tiña
ó ollo do cu tan cerrado,
que era imposible coupese
un grau de millo p[o]r el;

others told that Beja
had tightened his pegs.
This is probably true,
because when this lord
was shouting him, he was trembling
and I bet that
his asshole was so tight
that it was not possible that
a corn grain entered in it


furuncho

furunchos (plural)
faruncho (alternative)
feruncho (alternative)
foroncho (alternative)
foruncho (alternative)

Attested since circa 1750. From Latin furunculus.


úcera

úceras (plural)
úlcera (alternative)
urce (alternative)
úrcer (alternative)
úrsera (alternative)
úzara (alternative)

Attested since 1409. From Latin ulcera, plural of ulcus.

enton poras fero feruente Redondo na cabeça daquellas huceras ou vixigas que as qeime

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 81:

then you'll put a round red hot iron on the head of those ulcers or pocks for it to burn them


sarampelo

sarampelos (plural)
xarampelo (alternative)

Attested since circa 1750. Probably from Late Latin sirimpiō (attested by Isidore of Seville, further etymology unknown) and the diminutive suffix -elo. Compare Portuguese sarampão and Spanish sarampión.


xango

strap which connects both staves which hold in place each oxen in a withers yoke


lendia

lendias (plural)
lêndia (alternative)
lêndea (alternative)
léndea (alternative)

Attested since circa 1750. From Old Galician-Portuguese *lendẽa, from Late Latin lendina, ultimately from Latin lendem. Compare Portuguese lêndea and, more distantly, Spanish liendre.


andrómenas

Unknown. Perhaps from Latin Andromeda. Attested since 1807. Compare Portuguese endrómina and Spanish andrómina.

andrómina (alternative)
endrómena (alternative)

Direiche. A mala costume eche Xûncras, e como estaban avezàdos á mandar as talejas cheas de pesos duros a Navarra, faser casas, granxîos, serrádas, e unhas endrómenas para serrar taboa con augua alò na Ulla, e outras partes; ajora, ¡miñas xôias! non lles chega pra nada.

1820, anonymous author, Tertulia na Quintana:

I will tell you: bad habits are Judas, and since they were used to send sacks full with pesos duros to Navarre, to build houses, farms, enclosures and some marvels for sawing boards with water there in the Ulla river and elsewhere, now, poor things, they have not nearly enough!

en fin caixas, é caixòs,
atacados de papeles
é outras moitas endromenas
que non sei como lle chaman.

so, boxes and drawers
packed with papers
and many other thingies
whose name I don't know


Xuncras

I will tell you: bad habits are Judas [a bad thing], and since they were used to send sacks full with pesos duros to Navarre, to build houses, farms, enclosures and some marvels for sawing boards with water there in the Ulla river and elsewhere, now, poor things, they have not nearly enough!

Non sei qué xuncras traguía na moleira o Seor Pedro, que o vin no outro onte carreirando, como un neno, e axuntando aos seus veciños, pra que onde ao seu palleiro fosen axiña a agoardá-lo; Eu non sei si un formigueiro de vermes lle boligaban entre os miolos dos sesos, pois semellaba a un doente, pro casi arrincando os pelos de debaixo da monteira, sin ton, nin son, e sin xeito; Eu non sei qué lle proía, eu non sei, si tiña o demo; porque os folgos eran fogos e os ollos dous candeeiros, e a cara toda prigada, amostrando os seus chavellos coa boca de un palmo aberta, babexado o fuciñeiro, parecía un estraloxe, un estraloxe de un vello

1862, Manuel Magariños, Ferrocarril Compostelano:

I don't know what Judas was bringing in his brain Mr. Pedro, whom I saw the day before yesterday running around, as a kid, and gathering his neighbours asking them to come swiftly to his barn and wait for him; I don't know if a colony of worms was scampering around the center of his brains, because he looked as a madman, almost pulling out the hair from under the hat, without rhyme of reason, and without care; I don't know what was itching him, I don't know if he was possessed by a demon; because his breath was fire and the eyes two lamps, and the face all folded, showing his fangs with mouth open wide, the snout drooling, he looked as a ravel, an old man's ravel

(dated, euphemistic) Judas; damn; a bad thing


mulida

wheel or crown made of cloth or straw which is used as a cushion in between the head and a load

a cushion used to protect the head of oxen when yoked


xuízo

Probably a semi-learned term taken from Latin jūdicium, iūdicium. Compare Portuguese juízo, Spanish juicio.


palla perra

Attested since 1807. From palla (“straw”) or pala (“cave”) and perra probably from petrea (“of stone”).

botouvos a palla perra as freygesìas da fora, hastra sair vinte e catro, e de cada una delas trouxo unha Rapasa virxe pra darchele Suselénsia o dote pro casamento

1807, anonymous author, Segundo diálogo dos esterqueiros:

he drew straws for the outer parishes till there were twenty four, and out of each one he brought a virgin girl for His Excellency to give to her the dowry for her wedding

Tamén empregábase o procedemento de “a palla perra”: íanse presentando aos integrantes das cuadrillas pallas de centeo de diferentes tamaños, disimulándoas coa man para que non se notase o tamaño. Describiremos sumariamente ...

2019, Xavier Castro, Servir era o pan do demo. Historia da vida cotiá en Galicia. (Séculos XIX e XX), Editorial Galaxia, →ISBN:

It was also used the procedure of drawing straws: rye straws of different sizes were offered to each component of the team, concealing them in the hand so that the size was not revealed.