ingua

From Latin inguina (“groin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷ-en-. Cognate with Portuguese íngua, Spanish ingle, French aine.


chousa

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin clausa (“enclosed”). Compare Portuguese chouso, chousura.

en toda a chousa que Andre Deus de Ueyga tinna sarrada et marcada por marcos et chantada de vinna

1362, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 172:

in all the enclosing that André de Deus de Veiga had closed and delimited by boundary stoned and planted with vines


landeira

From landra (“acorn”) + -eira, from Latin glāns (“acorn”).


fananco

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *fanją (“marsh, swamp”) (compare fana) and the Galician suffix of Germanic origin -engo (“pertaining to”); otherwise from Latin faenum (“hay”) and the suffix of substrate origin -anco, with irregular preservation of intervocalic /n/.

strong and hard grass born in marshy and uncultivated areas


varganzo

Obscure. Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *wregV- (“wall, enclosure”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wreǵ- (“close”), + *-onts. Akin to Middle Irish fraig (“interior wall”), Welsh achwre (“wattled fence, palisade”), Sanskrit व्रज (vrajá, “wattle, fence”).

unk

Obscure


estantiga

From hoste (“army”) + antiga (“ancient, old”).

compound

Non viche Maruxa, nas noites do inverno, andar a estantiga polos matorreiros, a estantiga digo, que chaman os vellos hostea ou compaña que a todos fai medo

1746, Martín Sarmiento, Coloquio de 24 gallegos rústicos, page 106:

Haven't you see, Maruxa, in the winter nights, the Estantiga passing by the woods? the Estantiga, I say, that the old ones call the Host or Company, that scares everyone

(mythology, folklore) the procession of the death (a Christianized form of the Wild Hunt)


grolo

a mouthful; gulp (the usual amount swallowed)


gulapo

Either onomatopoeic, or from Germanic: cf. English gulp.


bésta

From Old Galician-Portuguese baesta (“crossbow”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin ballista, from Ancient Greek βαλλίστρα (ballístra). Cognate with Portuguese besta and Spanish ballesta.

inh

et da Torre do Ouro esso meesmo, cõ tra[bu]quetes que y tĩjnã, que os aqueixauã ademays, et cõ beestas de torno et de outras muytas maneyras

1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 17:

And the same from the Torre del Oro [a castle in Seville]: they were attacking them with little catapults and winched crossbows, and in many other ways

hock (the tarsal joint of a digitigrade quadruped)


cheda

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin clēta. Initially it referred the canizos or lateral walls of the cart.

inh+

each one of the wattled laterals of the base of a traditional Galician cart


caldeiro

From Late Latin caldāria~caldārium (“cooking-pot”), derived from Latin caldus (“hot”). Doublet of caldeira.

inh

hun espeto et hua fouçe et hun caldeiro de cobre

1448, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros, Vigo: Galaxia, page 295:

a roasting jack and a sickle and a copper cauldron

The pot told the cauldron: "Go away, you're going to mess me up!" (the pot calling the kettle black)

Díxolle a pota ao caldeiro: "Achégate aló que me luxas!" (proverb)

cauldron (a large bowl-shaped pot used for boiling over an open flame)


corredoira

corredoiras (plural)
corredoura (alternative)

From local Medieval Latin viam curritoriam, documented in 1106: compare curritorium (“covered way into buildings”); derived from currō (“I run”) or currus (“chariot, wagon”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”), + -doiro from Latin -torium.

agro que chaman da Penna, que iaz en Canido, commo departe das leyras que foron de Pedro Vidal et do caminno da corredoira

1314, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Monasterio de San Salvador de Pedroso en tierras de Trasancos. Colección documental, A Coruña: Deputación Provincial, page 253:

the field that they call of the Rock, which is in Canido, as it goes from the plots that belonged to Pedro Vidal and of the pathway of the lane.

lane, traditional road just wide enough for a cart or a wagon, usually sided by fences, walls, hedges or trees


freguesía

Attested since the 13th century (feegresia, fiigresia), from fregués (“parishioner”) + -ía.


ourizo

ourizos (plural)
arizo (alternative)
erizo (alternative)
eurizo (alternative)
orizo (alternative)
urizo (alternative)
ouriço (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese *ouriço, from Latin ēricius (“hedgehog”). Cognate with Portuguese ouriço, Asturian oriciu, Spanish erizo.

Cada vez a cousa engorda,
como que incha a ollos vistos,
Pro, si incha, non estoura;
como o pelexo enteirizo
da castaña agüenta e fofa
pra levála o enemincho;
Cando máis, si algo rebenta,
e arregaña, é o ourizo,
pra guindar limpa a castaña
e roer fruto tan rico

1862, Manuel Magariños, Ferro-carril Compostelano:

The thing grows at every time,
as it swells in plain sight,
but, although it swells, it does not burst;
as the one-piece peel
of the soft watery chestnuts
you take to an enemy;
at most, if something pops
and cracks is the burr,
to throw clean the chestnut
and nibble such a rich fruit


abruñeiro

abruñeiros (plural)
agruñeiro (alternative)
gruñeiro (alternative)
abrunheiro (alternative)

From Latin prūnus (“plum tree”), probably under the influence of Proto-Celtic *agrinyos (“sloe”).

Prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa#Translingual

Brill Publishers
De Gruyter
gl:abruñeiro


agruñeiro

agruñeiros (plural)
abruñeiro (alternative)
gruñeiro (alternative)
agrunheiro (alternative)

Alternative form of abruñeiro: blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)


abruño

abruños (plural)
agruño (alternative)
abrunho (alternative)

From Latin prūnus (“plum tree”), probably under the influence of Proto-Celtic *agrinyos (“sloe”). Compare Portuguese abrunho.


agruño

agruños (plural)
abruño (alternative)
agrunho (alternative)


touza

From Medieval Galician touça, from a substrate language *touttia, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).

der

en a touça que jaz entre as leyras ambas que tem Domingo Eanes

1325, Miguel Romaní Martínez, La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira (1025-1310). Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, 3, p. 66

in the uncultivated lands which lie in between both patchs of farmaland belonging to Domingo Eanes

enclosed uncultivated land, usually used as a tree farm


toutizo

From Old Galician-Portuguese toutiço (“back of the head”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Paleo-Hispanic, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people, nation; heap?”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).


rodicio

rodicios (plural)
reducio (alternative)
rodeceo (alternative)
rodecio (alternative)
roderno (alternative)
rodesno (alternative)
rodizo (alternative)
rudicio (alternative)
rodízio (alternative)

First attested in 1434. From Vulgar Latin *roticinu, from Latin rota (“wheel”). Cognate of Asturian rodédanu, Portuguese rodízio and Spanish rodezno.

1434, A. López Carreira (ed.), Libro de notas de Álvaro Afonso (1434), doc. 215

that I shall give you these mills ready and repaired of millstones and shafts and irons and chutes and waterwheels and of all the other necessary things

que vos día os ditos muynos apostados et reparados de moos e buxos e ferros e caanlles e rodiseos et de todaslas outras outras cousas que feseren mester

Iten, preçaron hun rrodisio e dous miilles de carro em noventa maravedis

1474, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 66:

Item, they appraised a water wheel and two wheel centers of a cart in ninety maravedis


xostra

Probably from Old Occitan jostar (“to joust”).

[ˈʃɔs̺.t̪ɾɐ]

[ˈʃos̺.t̪ɾɐ]


xostra

From Vulgar Latin *substrare (“to set a layer”), from substratus. Cognate of Spanish jostra and Old French sostre.

[ˈʃɔs̺.t̪ɾɐ]

[ˈʃos̺.t̪ɾɐ]

Remedio contra a sostra

1409, José Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 119:


aparencia

aparencias (plural)
aparência (alternative)


elocución

elocucións (plural)
elocuçom (alternative)
elocução (alternative)


sardiña

sardiñas (plural)
sardinha (alternative)
sardía (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese sardĩa, from Latin sardīna, from Ancient Greek Σαρδέλα (Sardéla). Cognate with Portuguese sardinha and Spanish sardina.

Sardina pilchardus
Sardina pilchardus#Translingual

sardine (especially the European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus))


pailán

gl-noun

pailán m (plural pailáns, feminine pailana, feminine plural pailanas)

pailáns (plural)
pailana (feminine)
pailanas (feminine plural)
pailám (alternative)
pailão (alternative)

Perhaps from the personal name Paio, from Latin Pelagius.


crencha

Ultimately probably from Vulgar Latin *crīnicula, diminutive of Latin crinis.


bidueiro

bidueiros (plural)
abidueira (alternative)
bedueiro (alternative)

From a medieval form bitulario, from *bitulo + -eiro, a suffix which forms tree names. From a substrate form *betŭlo-, *bitŭlo-, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *betu- (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“resin, pitch”).
Compare bido, bedulo, and bídalo.

der

Betula pubescens
Wikispecies:Betula pubescens


seixebra

seixebras (plural)
xenxebra (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese seixebrega, from Latin saxifraga (“stone-breaker”).

inh+

(botany) saxifrage (Saxifraga tridactylites)

(botany) germander (Teucrium scorodonia)


cairo

From Latin dente canario (“canine tooth”).


cairo

Perhaps from *caurius, from Latin caurus (“north-west wind”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”). In that case, it would be a cognate with English shower.


queiroa

queiroas (plural)
queiroga (alternative)

Calluna vulgaris
Calluna vulgaris#Translingual

¿Que lle fai a Nacion un carto que cobran nas portas por unha dúcia de ovos, ou dous por un feixse de queiroas?

1836, anonymous author, Diálogo entre Gorecho e Mingos:

What good makes the nation a quarter that they charge at the gates for a dozen eggs, or two for a faggot of heather firewood?


banastra

Borrowed from Old French banastre (“panier”), from Gaulish *benna (“basket”).


sequeiro

que vos aforamos o nosso lugar de Souto do Rego [...] con tal condiçon que façades hy hun sequeyro e que o tenades cuberto e ben reparado

1438, Manuel Lucas Álvarez, Pedro Lucas Domínguez, editors, El priorato benedictino de San Vicenzo de Pombeiro y su colección diplomática en la Edad Media, Sada: Ediciós do Castro, page 226:

we loan to you our place named Souto do Rego (Chestnut wood by the stream) … on the condition that you should build a dryer there, and you should keep it repaired and roofed

a room or installation used for drying wood or nuts


caxigo

From Hispano-Celtic *cassīcu: compare Aragonese caixico, Asturian quexigu. From Proto-Celtic *kassos (“twisted, gnarled”); akin to French chêne (“oak”).

Quercus faginea
Quercus faginea#Translingual

(botany) Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea)

(botany) a small oak, or one that is not fully grown


cerquiño

cerquiños (plural)
cerqueño (alternative)

From Vulgar Latin *cerquus, from Latin quercus (“oak tree”), and a number of different suffixes; from Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”).

(botany) Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica)


carqueixa

From substrate *carcasia, *querquesia, or similar, from Celtic, from Proto-Indo-European *pérkus ~ *pr̥kʷéu- (“oak”). Compare the local pre-Roman tribal name Querquerni.

(botany) Genista tridentata (a broom with oak-like leaves)


olga

From Paleo-Hispanic *olka, from Proto-Celtic *ɸolkā (“arable land”), from Proto-Indo-European *polḱeh₂.


riola

Attested since circa 1750. Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *rigo- (“to go”) + diminutive -ola.


correola

correolas (plural)
corriola (alternative)
curriola (alternative)

From Proto-Celtic *kon- (“with”) + *rigo- (“to bind”) + *-ollā. Cf. Old Irish con·rig (“to bind together”).


crica

Unknown. Perhaps onomatopoeic, from *klik; otherwise, maybe from Proto-Celtic *krīkʷā (“furrow, trench, comb”).

(mollusc) a clam (rayed trough shell, Mactra corallina, syn. Mactra stultorum)


tascón

tascóns (plural)
tascom (alternative)
tascão (alternative)

Probably from Celtic: compare Galatian τασκός (taskós, “peg, stake”).

wooden tool, usually in the form of a knife, used for working the flax


estrinque

Probably from Old French strenc (“string, cord, rope”), from Frankish *strangi, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz (“string”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“rope, cord, strand”).

hũu estrenque d'esparto novo et hũu estrenque vello d'esparto, et con seu treu que son tres monetas et hũu papafigo et con todos los outros seus aparellos

1433, Ángel Rodríguez González & José Armas Castro (eds.), Minutario notarial de Pontevedra (1433-1435). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 53

a new rope of esparto, and an old rope also of esparto, with its set of sails, composed of three minor sails and a mainsail, with all the additional rigging

a chain or wooden part used for connecting a cart with a yoke


guindareza

Attested since 1433; probably from Old French, although in French this word is attested a century later, in 1525. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind, to wrap”).
Cognate with French guinderesse and Spanish guindaleza.

1433, Ángel Rodríguez González & José Armas Castro (eds.), Minutario notarial de Pontevedra (1433-1435). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 53

with the following gear, that is: three anchors and one grappling hook of iron, with their windlasses, and a hawser made of hemp

con estes aparellos seguintes, conven a saber: tres ancoras et hũu arpeo de ferro con seus eixos et hũa gindaresa de fio de canavo


bicudo

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Wikispecies:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

(zoology) red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)


paínzo

From Old Galician-Portuguese *paĩço (Old Galician-Portuguese painço, peinço), from Late Latin pānīcium, from Latin pānīcum, from pānus (“ear of millet”). Cognate with Portuguese painço and Spanish panizo.

Et ualia a liura do trijgo en graao hũu marauedi et medeo, et da ceuada hũu morauedi et oitaua, et do painço hũu morauedi meos quarta

1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 529:

And a pound of wheat worthed a maravedi and a half, and of barley a maravedi and an octave, and of millet a maravedi minus a quarter

millet, foxtail millet; any grass in the genus Panicum


vaira

The word is attested in local medieval Latin documents as abanaria and apanaria; perhaps from Proto-Celtic *abū (“river”) + Latin suffix -āria, though an intermediate form *avaẽyra.


aturuxo

aturuxos (plural)
atruto (alternative)
atruxo (alternative)
aturro (alternative)
aturulo (alternative)

This fearsome, eerie Celtic war cry survives to this day in Northwestern Spain, where it is called by the very Iranian-sounding name "Aturuxo" (pronounced " Aturusho"), and may be heard at certain celebrations and festivities.

1995, Abdeljelil Temimi, Louis Cardaillac, Mélanges Louis Cardaillac, →ISBN:

strong, guttural and prolonged shout, ended in a neigh, usually used in festive occasions


grampín

From Old French grappin (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krappô (“hook”).

(nautical) grapnel used for recovering nets and fishing equipment


rangua

From Latin rānula (“little frog; cist under the tongue”).


rairo

rairos (plural)
arrieiro (alternative)
rieiro (alternative)


falcatrúa

falcatrúas (plural)
falcatrua (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese falcatrua (used c. 1285 by the Galician author Airas Nunes), a compound word of obscure origin; the second theme is possibly related to truán (“rogue”), of Celtic origin.
Cognate with Portuguese falcatrua and Asturian falcatrúa, francatrúa.

unk

obscure

Pro tamén veu de Castela un Seor aló ben rico, que traguía as falcatroas cheas co o ouro bonito

1862, Manuel Magariños, Ferrocarril Compostelano:

But it also came from Castille a gentleman who there is quite rich, who brought the saddlebags filled with the beauty gold

Antes de rubir ó puleiro, non fan máis que cacarexar qu'han facer i acontecer, pro non se ve outra cousa dempois máis qu'os benfeitos que reciben tódo-los que teñen a sorte de ll'axudar nas falcatrúas, pr'amocar ós que non son do pau, e nas trécolas pra conquerir sona co cacique maor, que dende Madril diuta disposiciós d'intrés particolar prós seus nagocios.

(the councillors) before climbing onto the perch do nothing but cackle about what they'll do and what will be, but then you don't see anything other than the benefits received by all who have the fortune to help them in their frauds, to club those that don't belong to the same suit, and the tricks to gain fame with the great cacique, who from Madrid dictates dispositions of particular interest for his own business.


falcatruada

Poucos terán boas lembranzas do ano que se foi, porque escomenzou mal e non poido acabar pior. O inverno foi crúo, a primadeira esmorecida e chuviosa, o vrau abafante, o outono desleigado. Día por día pasáro-no contando os seus traballos e coitas os labregos, agardando pola súa redención os que viven escravos dos caciques d'aldea, pensando na súa terriña os emigrantes que morren lonxe dela, aduanando falcatruadas os que trunfan e medran á conta dos máis

1885, O Tío Marcos da Portela, II, 60, page 1:

Few people will have good memories of last year, because it started badly and couldn't have ended worse: winter was harsh, spring rainy and faint, summer stifling, autumn sloppy. Day after day, the peasant spent their time telling about their troubles and disgraces, waiting for their redemption the ones who live enslaved by the village's richmen, longing their land the emigrants who die far away from her, plotting frauds those who trump and grow at the expense of others.


sociabilización

gl-noun

sociabilización f (plural sociabilizacións)


multilingüismo

multilingüismo m (plural multilingüismos)


cabaleiro

cabaleiros (plural)
cavaleiro (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese cavaleiro, from Late Latin caballārius, from Vulgar Latin caballus.

horseman; horserider (person who rides a horse)

1243, Ángel Rodríguez González and José Angel Rey Caíña (eds.), "Tumbo de Lorenzana. Transcripción y estudio", in Estudios Mindonienses, 8, page 127

if there were any nobleman in the village, he should be knighted

se ouuer filiodalgo in na uilla, fazelo caualeyro

(nobility) knight (noble ranked below a count)

no cortés se conoce o cabaleiro,
e a sabenza de un home no seu tino:

on his politeness you know the gentleman,
and the wisdom of a man on his judgment


seitura

Quen ao sementar é mesquiño, pr'a seitura escusa fouciño.

The one who is miserable sowing, won't need a sickle for the harvest.


atafal

From Old Galician-Portuguese atafal, borrowed from Arabic ثَفَر (ṯafar). Compare Spanish atafarra, ataharre.

crupper (a strap, looped under a horse's tail, used to stop a saddle from slipping)


trangallo

trangallos (plural)
trangalho (alternative)

/ˈtɾaŋˈɡaʎo̝/

From Paleo-Hispanic *taranica + the Galician diminutive suffix -allo; from Proto-Celtic *tarankyos (“nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, rub”). Compare Old French taranche (“big iron pin”) and Middle Irish tairnge (“iron nail”).


trangallada

/ˈtɾaŋɡaˈʎaða̝/

From trangallo (“stick, peg”) + -ada, a collective suffix.
One of the particular meanings of trangallo is a stick which, in contact with the millstone, hops, forcing the hopper to release some grain.

(dated) night feast, with dance and music

(figurative) worthless plan, occupation or object


vinificación

vinificacións (plural)
vinificaçom (alternative)
vinificação (alternative)


badil

chafing dish; kind of poke or shovel used in the oven to move the embers


bacía

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *baccinum, from Celtic. Cognate with Portuguese bacia and Spanish bacín.


cunca

From Old Galician-Portuguese cunca, from Latin concha (“mussel, vessel”), from Ancient Greek κόγχη (kónkhē, “shell, mussel”).

mando a miña Neta Tareija sanches todo o aliofar et coraes que eu ey et os esmaltes et o meu Reliquario esmaltado et a miña Cunca de plata dourada et as miñas doas de ouro

1395, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 160:

I send to my granddaughter Tareixa Sanchez all of my pearls and corals, and the enamels, and my enamelled relicary and my gilded silver bowl and my beads of gold

Iten, das cunqas e talladores e poças e barcaas e de outras quaes quer vaselas de madeira, que page o vendedor de cada tres mrs un diñeiro

1439, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 418:

Item, of the bowls, and plates, and large bowls, and trays, and any other wooden vessel, the seller should pay a denary per three mrs.

(historical) cunca, a traditional unit of dry measure equivalent to about 1–1.5 L depending on the substance measured

(historical) cunca, a traditional measure of land area equivalent to the amount of land that could be sown with a cunca of seed


lavacuncas

From lavar (“to wash”) + cunca (“bowl”).


bacío

From Vulgar Latin *baccīnum, from Celtic. Cognate with Portuguese bacia and Spanish bacín.

et dous saleyros para sal et quatro baçios grandes dstanno

1373, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 191:

two salt shakers for holding salt and four large bowls of tin


bacieiro

From bacía + -eiro, from Vulgar Latin *baccinum, from Celtic. Cognate with Portuguese bacia and Spanish bacín.


carraxe

carraxes (plural)
carragem (alternative)

Probably from Old French correcier (“to infuriate, enrage”), from Late Latin *corruptiare; cognate with French courroux (“wrath”).

Cala, home, que me dá carraxe oír esas levantaduras de falsos testimonios

1820, anonymous author, edited by Ramón Mariño Paz, Segunda Tertulia na Quintana:

Shut up, man, because it angers me to hear those false testimonies


zamborca

zamborcas (plural)
samborca (alternative)
samborga (alternative)
zamborga (alternative)

Perhaps from *samǎrĭka, from Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”).


volandeira

From volanda + -eira. Compare Portuguese bolandas and Spanish volandas.

vertical millstone used for the production of olive oil


zamburiña

zamburiñas (plural)
zamoriña (alternative)

→ Spanish: zamburiña

Unknown. Perhaps from Paleo-Hispanic; alternatively from anduriña (“swallow; scallop”) due to a reanalysis of as anduriñas (“the scallops”), or from zambro (“bow-legged”) + -iña.


larengo

From lar (“fireplace”) + -engo (“belonging to”).


gramalleira

A derivative with the -eira suffix from Latin *cramaculus, alteration of *cremasculus, ultimately from Ancient Greek κρεμαστήρ (kremastḗr). Cognate with French crémaillère.

et hua caldeyra et huum caldeyroon et huas greelas et huum speto de ferro et huum acetere et hua arameña et huas Gramalleyras et das outras perfeas de casa todos los bacios et escudelas et talladores et salseyros de fuste que ouuer na casa et hua mesa

1375, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 380:

and a pot, and a cauldron, and a grill, and a skewer of iron, and a jug, and a pot of cooper, and a trammel; and of the rest of domestic ware, every bucket, and bowl, and knives, and saucers of wood that are in the house, and a table

Iten, mando mays aa dita iglesia de Sant Pedro a miña caldeira e as gramalleiras e mesas e maseiras que teño eno forno de Millmanda

1414, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 105:

Item, I also bequeath to that church of Saint Peter my cauldron and the trammel and the tables and the troughs I have in the bakery of Milmanda

(usually in the plural) trammel (a set of rings or other hanging devices, attached to a transverse bar suspended over a fire, used to hang cooking pots etc)


grella

Borrowed from Old French greille, graïlle (“grate, grating”), from Latin crātīcula (“gridiron”), diminutive of crātis (“hurdle, wickerwork”).
Cognate with Portuguese grelha and English grill.


picheleiro

gl-noun

picheleiro m (plural picheleiros, feminine picheleira, feminine plural picheleiras)

picheleiros (plural)
picheleira (feminine)
picheleiras (feminine plural)

(informal) a person from Santiago de Compostela


meleiro

meleiro m (plural meleiros, feminine meleira, feminine plural meleiras)

meleiros (plural)
meleira (feminine)
meleiras (feminine plural)


cabrafigo

From Latin caprifīcus. Cognate with Spanish cabrahígo and English caprifig.

an individual fig tree of certain species of Ficus, which produces both male and female flowers and is used to fertilize the female trees of the species

the accessory fruit of this tree, which is considered inedible by humans


gueste

Unknown. Probably from a Germanic language; perhaps from Proto-Germanic *gastiz (“guest”) or either from Proto-Germanic *wistiz (“food, provision”).

der

meal offered to a group of hired workers after finishing the work


perfia

Unknown. Attested in local Latin documents at least since the 9th century.

vessel, any recipient or tool for holding liquids

and a pot, and a cauldron, and a grill, and a skewer of iron, and a jug, and a pot of cooper, and a trammel; and of the rest of housewares, every bucket, and bowl, and knives, and saucers of wood that are in the house, and a table


aporofobia

aporophobia (hatred of poverty or poor people)


acibeche

acibeches (plural)
aziveche (alternative)

[a.θiˈβ̞ɛ.t͡ʃɪ]

[a.θiˈβ̞ɛ.t͡ʃɪ]

First attested in 1370. From Andalusian Arabic السبج (az-zabáǧ), from Arabic سَبَج (sabaj, “jet, obsidian”), from Middle Persian špk' (/šabag/, “jet, obsidian”), from šp (/šab/, “night”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷsep- (“night”).

Et o caualo era todo rrodado de mãchas, hũas tã brãcas cõmo a neue et outras tã negras cõmo azaueches.

1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 393:

And the horse was all covered with spots, some as white as snow, another ones as black as jet

jet (a form of compact, glistening coal often used in jewelry)


melindre

melindres (plural)
melindro (alternative)
milindre (alternative)
milindro (alternative)

Attested since the 19th century. Borrowed from Spanish melindre.

(cooking) a baked doughnut covered in thick sugar water

excessive, awkward tenderness or kindness


palleiro

palleiros (plural)
palheiro (alternative)

palla (“hay”) + -eiro; cf. also Latin paleārium. Cognate with Portuguese palheiro.

day labourer; [he won't make] neither a good heap, nor a good haystack

Home xornaleiro nin boa meda, nin bo palleiro (proverb)

―Comes moito, non si? ―"Un palleiro non se fai sen palla"!

―You eat a lot, don't you? ―"It takes hay to make a haystack!"

conical haystack, assembled so as to preserve the hay from wind and rain

can de palleiro
can de palleiro#Galician

dog with not known race or pedigree (back formation from can de palleiro)

o terreo do Vââo do Espineiro, en que ora ten Juan Martins o palleiro, e donde ora se o palleiro cabo da parede fasta outra parede de cimma de Vilachââ

1433, Manuel Lucas Alvarez & María José Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 344

the terrain of Vao do Espiñeiro, where now Xoán Martís has his barn, from this barn, near the wall, till the other wall over Vilachán


palleira

palleiras (plural)
palheira (alternative)

Stercorarius skua
Stercorarius skua#Translingual


can de palleiro

gl-noun

can de palleiro m (plural cans de palleiro)

1861. From can (“dog”) + de (“of”) + palleiro (“haystack; barn”); because they used to sleep by the haystack. Compare Sicilian cani di mànnira.

En nuestro país hay una raza de perros, conocidos por los aldeanos con el nombre de can de palleiro que son muy osados y útiles para la caza

1861, Victor López Seoane, Fáuna Mastológica de Galicia, page 55:

In our country [Galicia] there is a dog breed, known to the peasants by the name can de palleiro, that is very bold and useful for hunting [original in Spanish with the exception of the name of the breed]

a local Galician breed of dogs, usually used as cow shepherds and home guardians


malleira

beating, bashing (the action by which someone or something is beaten)


soio

Jten faser todo de nouo os peytorij́ns das ditas casas e poer jaztas e sobrejaztas, e rrecorrer o soyo dos sobrados das ditas casas.

1450, A. Fernández Salgado, editor, A documentación medieval de San Bieito do Campo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, page 88:

Item, to rebuild the parapets of the aforementioned houses, to put the bearers and the joists, and to lie down the planking of the upper floors


caramuxo

caramuxos (plural)
caramujo (alternative)

Unknown; probably from Paleo-Hispanic. Compare Portuguese caramujo and Spanish escaramujo.


percebeiro

percebeiro m (plural percebeiros, feminine percebeira, feminine plural percebeiras)

percebeiros (plural)
percebeira (feminine)
percebeiras (feminine plural)

a fisher specialized in the capture of gooseneck barnacle


mincha

Either from Latin mentula (“penis”), *mintula (“little mitre”) or from Latin minusculus (“rather small”). Compare mencha.

(informal) a diminutive person, animal or thing


parvada

triviality (something which is trivial or unimportant)


luscofusco

luscosfuscos (plural)
lusquefusque (alternative)

From lusco ("winked", "one-eyed", but compare reluscar "to flash") + fusco (“dark”). Cognate with Portuguese lusco-fusco.


intre

Neste intre non me atopo ben.

I don't feel good right now [at this moment].

Chegaremos nun intre.


peliqueiro

(figurative, mildly derogatory) drunkard

a traditional character of the Galician entroido (carnival)


entroido

entroidos (plural)
antroido (alternative)
Entroido (alternative)

Attested since the 13th century (entroydo). Inherited from Latin introitus, "entering", referred to the year. Cognate with Portuguese entrudo, Mirandese antruido and Asturian antroxu.

Et darnos edes vos e as ditas vosas vozes por dereitura cada ano pola festa dentroydo hua boa galina

1363, Emilio Duro Peña, editor, El Monasterio de S. Pedro de Rocas y su colección documental, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 208:

And you and your heirs should give to us, because of this right, a good hen by the festivities of Shrovetide

et daredes en cada huun anno huun par de gallinas ãã dita oveença por cada dia de domingo de Entroydo

1447, Sada / A Coruña, edited by Manuel Lucas Álvarez and Pedro Lucas Domínguez, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Edicións do Castro, page 518:

and you should give, every year, a pair of hens to that chapter, each Shrove Sunday

(usually capitalized) Shrovetide (days immediately preceding Lent, which are traditionally considered a festive occasion, marked by parades and carnivals)

mask (person wearing a mask, or disguised for a carnival)


Entroido

Entroidos (plural)
entroido (alternative)
antroido (alternative)

13th century. From Latin introitus, "entering", referred to the year. Cognate with Portuguese entrudo, Mirandese antruido and Asturian antroxu.

1447, Manuel Lucas Álvarez, Pedro Lucas Domínguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 518:


espádoa

espádoas (plural)
espadoa (alternative)
pádoa (alternative)

13th century. Probably a semi-learned borrowing from Latin spatula (“broad, flat piece”), diminutive of spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “any broad blade, of wood or metal”). Cognate with Portuguese espádua.

der

Et assi acaeçeu que hũu dia, andando desarmado pela grã caentura que fazia, catando o muro do castelo per hu era mays fraco et per u se perderia mays agiña [...] que llj tirarõ hũa seeta, de que foy mal ferido ontre as espadoas.

1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 262:

And so it happened that one day, as he walked unarmored because of the heat, watching the walls of the castle for finding where it were weaker and could be defeated sooner … they shot an arrow that mortally wounded him in between the scapules

Et auj́a o nariz alto por mesura et a boca ben feyta et dentes ben postos et brãcos et o queixo quadrado et o colo longo et as espádoas anchas et os peytos moyto enformados.

1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 275:

He had a high and measured nose and his mouth was well formed; the teeth, well disposed, were white; and the chin was square and the neck long, his shoulders were broad, and his breast well developed


alustro

From Latin lūstrō (“I purify; I illuminate”) from Latin lūstrum (“sacrifice”); or rather from Proto-Celtic *lowkstro-, from Proto-Celtic *lowko- (“bright, light”): compare Welsh lluched (“lightning”) and North Catalan llaucet. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”).


relusco

From re- + a derivative of Latin luscus (“one-eyed”); alternatively from Proto-Celtic *lowksko-, from Proto-Celtic *lowko- (“bright, light”). Compare lóstrego. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”).


manchea

From man (“hand”) + chea (“full”). Cognate with Portuguese mancheia.


couselo

From Late Latin *capsellus (“capsule; little box”) or calicellus (“little calix”). The plant's name was probably also influenced by early Medieval Latin cappellus (“hat”), which originated one other name of the species. Compare Portuguese conchelo.

Umbilicus rupestris
Umbilicus rupestris#Translingual

(botany) navelwort, pennywort (Umbilicus rupestris)

casket (a little box, for jewellery or for keeping the communion wafers)


causela

14th century ("cousela"). From Late Latin *capsella (“capsule; little box”).

vn rromeu alamã cõ outros de sua cõpana tomou hũa grã presa de dineiros de prata et ofereçeos sobre la cousela da cabeça de Santiago

1390, José Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C.S.I.C, page 1:

a pilgrim from Germany, with others from his group, took a large handful of silver coins and offered them over the receptacle of the head of [the statue representing] Saint James

Iten que destes vos o dito Gil Peres por hũa cousela para levar as petiçoes a a Reyna, tres moravedis et por çera para seelar as peticões quatro blanquas et por papel para os testimoyos et traslados et petições hũu moravedi

1418, Ángel Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 111

Item, that you, the aforementioned Gil Peres, gave, for a box for taking the petitions to the Queen, three moravedis, and for wax for sealing the petitions four brancas, and for paper for the testimonies, and copies, and petitions, a moravedi

1426, Antonio López Ferreiro (ed.), Historia de la Santa A. M. Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela, XI, nº Adicións-1.1, pp. 79-92

another reliquary which contains a thorn of the crown of Jesus Christ, and it has two little angels and a little box in the middle, made in beryl, that holds the aforementioned thorn

outro relicario en que anda a espina da coroa de Ihu. Xpo., et ten dous angeletes et hua cousela en medeo de beril, en que está a dita espina

case, casket (a little box, for jewellery or for keeping the communion wafers)

box which takes the cereal from the hopper and drops it over the millstone, regulating the pace


lodoeiro

lodoeiros (plural)
lodeiro (alternative)

From *lotonario, from Vulgar Latin *lotō, *lotōnis, probably a derivative of Latin lōtus, from Ancient Greek λωτός (lōtós).

European nettle tree
European nettle tree

Celtis australis
Celtis australis#Translingual

(tree) lote, European nettle tree (Celtis australis)


cousela

14th century. From Late Latin capsella (“capsule; little box”). Cognate, perhaps, with Portuguese coucela.

another reliquary which contains a thorn of the crown of Jesus Chist, and it has two little angels and a little box in the middle, made in beryl, that holds the aforementioned thorn


requeixo

From local Late Latin recasio, probably from re- + *capseus, from capsa (“box”).

Et fogiu Caçim cõ esses berberis et meterõse en hũu requeixo da çidade

1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 258:

And then Caçim fled with that Berbers and they went into a corner of the city

corner, inside the kitchen, used for storing the firewood


orballo

Attested since the 13th century, as orvallo. From a substrate language. Cognate with Portuguese orvalho, Asturian orbayu and dialectal Spanish urbajo, orvayo.

Fillo, Deus te de do oruallo do çeo et da grosura da terra aabondo de tríj́go

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 280:

My Son, God gives you, of the wetness of the sky and of the richness of the earth, plenty of wheat

Mais Garrida que a [r]osa no seu le[y]to / Cando pola mañan a rega ó ervallo

1797, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Máis garrida que a rosa no seu leito (in Ramón Mariño Paz, 2008, Papés d'emprenta condenada. A escrita galega entre 1797 e 1846, page 19-20)

More fresh and beautiful than a rose in its bed / When in the morning the dew waters it


ollomol

ollomoles (plural)
olhomol (alternative)

From ollo (“eye”) + mol (“soft, bland”).

Ollomol de xaneiro, vale un carneiro

Seabream captured in January, has the value of a ram

Pagellus bogaraveo
Pagellus bogaraveo#Translingual

blackspot sea bream (Pagellus bogaraveo)


troita

troitas (plural)
truita (alternative)
truta (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese troyta (first attested in 1399), from Late Latin tructa, of uncertain origin, possibly from Ancient Greek τρώκτης (trṓktēs). Cognate with Portuguese truta, Spanish trucha.

inh+

ajan por cada hun cinquenta maravedis para viño e para troyta

1399, Miguel González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 582:

they should have fifty coins for each one, for wine and trouts


beiramar

From beira (“side, bank”) + mar (“sea”).


xurelo

From Vulgar Latin *sorellus, from saurellus, from Ancient Greek σαῦρος (saûros, “jack mackerel”). Compare Spanish jurel.

der

jack mackerel (edible fish of the genus Caranx or Trachurus)


trobisco

trobiscos (plural)
trebisco (alternative)
trubisco (alternative)
turbisco (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Hispanic Late Latin turbiscus, idem, attested by Isidore of Seville; from Vulgar Latin *turbiscāre, from Latin turbō, turbāre (“I disturb”). Compare Portuguese trovisco, Spanish torvisco.

You called me Little Daphne, / plant that animals don't eat; / I'd rather be a Little Daphne / than the wife of a bad man

Chamáchesme trubisquiño / herba qu’o ghando non come; / vale máis ser trubisquiño / cá muller de mal home (folk song)

Daphne gnidium
Daphne gnidium#Translingual

flax-leaved daphne (Daphne gnidium), a poisonous bush used in the past for fishing


moinante

Attested since 1807. From moina (“devious, tricky”) + -ante. Perhaps from Old French moine (“monk”), because of the many tricksters that during the Middle Ages used to disguise themselves as monks, most notably along the Way of Saint James. Alternatively, from Gascon Occitan amoinà (“to beg”), from Latin eleemosyna (“alms”), from Ancient Greek ἐλεημοσύνη (eleēmosúnē).

(derogatory) a vagabond, a beggar; an idler

(derogatory) a rogue, a rascal, a trickster

Ollo aló, que eses son un fato de moinantes!

Take care there, these guys are nothing but a group of rascals!

Valente burro serà:
a eses na miña terra
unhs chamanlles Moniteros,
é outros chaman Moinantes

1807, anonymous author, Segundo diálogo dos esterqueiros:

(derogatory, figurative) someone from whom low morality is presupposed


gardarroupa

Attested since 1326. From gardar (“to keep”) + roupa (“clothes”). Cognate with Portuguese guarda-roupa, French garde-robe, English wardrobe.

o pano grande ancho que se enna archa da guarda roupa

1326, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 300:

the large and broad cloth that is inside the chest in the wardrobe

wardrobe (room used for keeping clothes)

wardrobe, clothing (the contents of a wardrobe: an individual's entire collection of clothing)

cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparissus; an aromatic plant used as an insect repellent)


gardarroupa

gl-noun

gardarroupa m or f by sense (plural gardarroupas)


privanza

From Old Galician-Portuguese privança: privar + -anza.


pontón

pontóns (plural)
pontom (alternative)
pontão (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin pontō, pontōnem (“ferryboat”), from pōns (“bridge”). Cognate with Portuguese pontão.

deuedes rreparar a dita meatade de casas de paredes, traues, pontõos, táboas, ferro e tella e das outras cousas que ouuer menester

1457, Antonio Fernández Salgado, editor, A documentación medieval de San Bieito do Campo, Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 115:

you should repair this half of the house, its walls, beams, joists, boards, iron and tiles, and all the other things that were necessary


temón

temóns (plural)
temom (alternative)
temão (alternative)
tamón (alternative)
timón (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese temon (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin tēmō (“pole, beam”).

Iten, preçaron duas grades e hun chedeiro e dous temoos de cerna, a parte dos menores em quorenta :XL -? maravedis

1474, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 74:

Item, they appraised two grates, a cart's bed and two shafts of heartwood, the part corresponding to the kids, 40 coins

shaft, beam, pole, tongue (of a cart, or of a plough)


maragota

burazinos / panchozes tamañiños / Va jiba ou maragota / e si acasso ben pijota

1596, anonymous author, Diálogo de Alberte e Bieito:

little blackspot sea breams and well sized axillary sea brams / With cuttlefish and ballan wrasse / and maybe also hake


budión

budións (plural)
bodeón (alternative)
bodión (alternative)

Iten que se venda o pescado en esta maneira: a libra dos sacadores et das sollas et dos bodiõos, dos polvos et das fanequas et das rayas et das langostas et das sibias et das luras a tres dineiros cada libra
Item, they should sell the captured fish in this way: the pound of sacadores [?], of plaices, of wrasses, of octopuses, of poutings, of stingrays, of lobsters, of cuttlefish and of squids, three diñeiros each pound

1417, Ángel Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 75


murmuración

murmuracións (plural)
murmurazón (alternative)

Attested since the 14th century (murmuraçoes). Learned borrowing from Latin murmurātiō.

todos los outros que oyren leer este testamento Rogo et peço que por enxenplo daquel que ffoy posto enna cruz Rogou por los seus perseguidores que me perdoen a min todas las murmuraçoes blasfemias et mais parauoas que deles dixe et fixe et oy tan ben en ascondido como en publico

1387, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 417:

everyone hearing the reading of this testament: I ask and beg, following the example of he who was placed in the cross and begged for the pardon of his pursuers, that they forgive me every gossip, blasphemy and word that about them I said and did and heard, in public as well as in secret


pértega

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin pertica (“pole”).

pole (used in the sport of pole vaulting)

mobile part of the flail (tool used for threshing)

outer pieces of the bed of a traditional Galician cart

por duas cargas de pertegas dous moravedis

1418, Ángel Rodríguez González (ed.), Libro do Concello de Santiago (1416-1422). Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 117

começarõ afazer casas de madeyros mal labrados et tortos, quaes lles acaesçiam, et atados cõ vyncallos de caruallo torçidas et cõ outras pertegas, que nõ sabiam elles ajnda mays desta arte nẽ de carpentaria pera aquelo

1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 90:

then they began to build wooden houses with badly carved crooked logs, as they found them, tied with straps made of twisted twigs of oak, and with other twigs, because they didn't knew enough of that art or of carpentry for doing that

1390, José Luís Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 4

and he was wearing a twisted twig of oak around his neck

et tragia ẽno pescoço hũa pertega de caruallo entorta


vincallo

vincallo m (plural vincallos, feminine vincalla, feminine plural vincallas)

vincallos (plural)
vincalla (feminine)
vincallas (feminine plural)

Circa 1300. From vinco (“bond, binding”) + -allo. Vinco is probably a semi-learned loanword derived from Latin vinculum (“bond”).

then they began to build wooden houses with badly carved crooked logs, as they found them, tied with bonds made of twisted twigs of oak, and with other twigs, because they didn't knew enough of that art or of carpentry for doing that

twisted twig (usually wicker or other flexible wood) used for binding; any strap or bond made of straw or of twisted twigs

an iron clamp used to reinforce the wheels of the traditional Galician carts


manlle

manlles (plural)
mal (alternative)
malle (alternative)
mallo (alternative)
manle (alternative)

From Latin manualis (“manual”); cognate with Portuguese mangual.


manle

manles (plural)
mal (alternative)
malle (alternative)
mallo (alternative)
manlle (alternative)

Attested since circa 1300 (máále). From Latin manualis (“manual”). Cognate with Portuguese mangual.

cõmo faz a lyma ao ferro, et a fornaz ao ouro que o purga et esmera et o faz puro et paresçe mellor, et cõmo faz outrosi o máále áá messe que a degrana em çeueyra et parte a palla do graão que e o mellor

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Archivum, page 271:

as the file does to iron, and the furnace to gold, that purges and cleans it and makes it pure and looks better; and also as the flail does to the harvest, that threshes it into sustenance and parts the straw and the grain, which is the best part


cango

From a Paleo-Hispanic *cambica, from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”).

der

1455, Ferro Couselo, X. (ed.) A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Vigo: Galaxia, page 303:
destroiron moytas casas et birtaron moytas tellas, cangos et ripias
they destroyed many houses and broke many roof tiles, rafters and laths


relustro

From Latin re- + lūstrō (“I purify; I illuminate”) from Latin lūstrum (“sacrifice”), or from Proto-Celtic *lowkstro-, from Proto-Celtic *lowko- (“bright, light”): compare Welsh lluched (“lightning”) and North Catalan llaucet. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”).


cendal

Unknown: from Old Galician-Portuguese çendal (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from the same origin that Old French cendal; perhaps from Latin sindon (“muslin”).

Iten, mando vender a miña cóffea do çendal e hua maça d'açeyro et se meta en missas por miña alma

1361, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros, Vigo: Galaxia, page 92:

Item, I order that they should sell my sendal coif and a steel mace, to be put in masses for my soul

(historical) sendal (a light silk cloth)


dioivo

From Latin dīluvium (“flood”), from lavō (“I wash”).


brial

From Old Galician-Portuguese brial (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Old Occitan blial or Old French bliaut.


cuartillo

From Old Galician-Portuguese quartillo, from Old Spanish quartillo (“little fourth”), from quarto + -illo (“-elle: forming diminutives”), from Latin quartus (“one-fourth”). Named for its relation to the celamín of grain. Cognate with Spanish cuartillo and Portuguese quartilho.

(historical) cuartillo, a traditional unit of dry measure equivalent to about 0.5–0.75 L depending on the substance measured

(historical) cuartillo, a traditional unit of land area reckoned as the amount of land that can be sown with a cuartillo of seed, varying from 2.5–30 m² in different parts of Galicia

(historical) Synonym of neto, a traditional unit of liquid measure


sarillo

From Latin *sericulum, from Latin sera (“bar”). Cognate with Portuguese sarilho.

a similarly formed frame used for hanging and curing sausages

spool (cylinder around which a cable is wound)


xerga

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Latin sērica. Cognate with Portuguese xerga, enxerga and Spanish jerga.

a coarse blanket of wool and linen woven on a loom


cangallo

cangallos (plural)
cangalho (alternative)

stem or stalk of a bunch of grapes once they have been removed


cangalla

stakes introduced in the yoke that embrace the necks of the oxen


brosque

Ultimately, from Proto-Germanic *bruskaz (Old High German brusk (“bud, sprout, sapling”)). Also, compare bosque.


cómaro

Attested in local Latin documents at least since 910. Its etymology is debated; most probably it derives from a substrate language. If related to Old Irish comar (“co-ploughing”), then probably from Proto-Celtic *kom (“with, co-”) + Proto-Celtic *aro-, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to ploug”).

unk

debated

der

deuemos esta herdade de suso a de finar fielmente quanta e qual en paz e por quaes terminos e por quaes comaros e por quaes marcos

1271, José-Luis Novo Cazón, editor, El priorato santiaguista de Vilar de Donas en la Edad Media (1194-1500), A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 249:

we must faithfully and peaceably end [delimit?] the aforementioned property, by its limits, and by its cómaros, and by its landmarks

strip of land in between two contiguous farm plots

headland, strip of land around a farm plot usually left fallow

hedge (ridge in between two contiguous plots of land)


pelamio

1494, Margot Sponer (ed.), "Documentos antiguos de Galicia", Anuari de l'Oficina Románica de Lingüística i Literatura, Barcelona, 7, page 70

Item, we lend to you the house and tannery that used to belong to Alfonso Yse, shoemaker

Yten voσ aforamos a caſa τ pelameo que soya teer Alfonſo Yse, çapateiro


vendima

13th century. From Latin vindēmia. Cognate with Portuguese vindima, Spanish vendimia and Italian vendemmia.

non deuedes de vendimar o dito viño sen ome ou doutro teençeiro da dita teença e dar de comer e de beber en quanto esteuer aa dita vendima

1396, Alexandra Cabana Outeiro, editor, O Tombo H da catedral de Santiago. Documentos anteriores a 1397, Valga: Concello de Valga, page 131:

you shouldn't harvest the aforementioned wine in the absence of a man of another partner, and you should feed and give drink to this man for as long as the vintage takes place

vintage (the harvesting of a grape crop)

vintage (the season during which the grape is harvested)


chorima

From Vulgar Latin *florumen, from Latin flos (“flower”). Compare chorume.

(uncountable) flowers of the broom and gorse


xesta

From Old Galician-Portuguese gẽesta, from Latin genesta (“broom”). Cognate with Portuguese gesta and Spanish hiniesta.

que façades a dicta metade da dicta casa de pedra e de madeyra e de giestas e de colmo

1408, José Luis Novo Cazón, editor, El priorato santiaguista de Vilar de Donas en la Edad Media (1194-1500), A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 318:

you should build that half house with stone and wood and brooms and thatch


colmazo

Attested in 14th-century documents as colmaça (feminine); from colmo (“thatch”) + -azo.


pallaza

pallazas (plural)
palhaça (alternative)
palloza (alternative)

14th century (pallaça). From palla (“hay”) + -aza (“made of”).

a house with thatched roof and circular plant, typical of the highlands of eastern Galicia


palloza

pallozas (plural)
palhoça (alternative)
pallaza (alternative)

14th century (pallaça). From pallaza, from palla (“hay”) + -aza (“made of”).

cottage; a house with thatched conical roof and circular plant, typical of the highlands of eastern Galicia


colmea

13th century, and attested as colmena in local Medieval Latin documents since 937. From Paleo-Hispanic *kŏlmēnā, probably of Celtic origin. From Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos (“stalk”). Cognate with Portuguese colmeia, Spanish colmena.

Mando o meu quiñõ daſ colmeaſ de San Migueli de Monte Furado que aſ dia y que arça y a zera por mi alma

1281, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia, editor, História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI, Coimbra: I.N.I.C, page 133:

I give also my share of the beehives of Saint Michael in Monte Furado; let the wax burn there for my soul


bubela

13th century. From Vulgar Latin *upupella, diminutive of upupa.


camouco

From Medieval Latin calamaucum, a cap, originally made in camel hide, used in the Middle Ages by bishops and the Pope, from Ancient Greek καμελάυκιον (kameláukion), from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”).


adro

13th century. Inherited from Latin atrium, whence also the learned atrio.

1383, M. Mar Graña Cid (ed.), Las órdenes mendicantes en el obispado de Mondoñedo. El convento de san Martín de Villaoriente (1374-1500). Separata de Estudios Mindonienses, page 182

Item, I command to bury my body, if I die from this disease, in the churchyard of this [church of] Saint Mary

Item mando enterrar meu corpo, se desta doença finar, en no adro desta Santa Maria


Pereira brava

gl-noun

Pereira brava f (plural pereiras bravas)

/peˈɾejɾa̝ˈβɾaβa̝/

From pereira (“pear tree”) + brava (“wild”).


encrucillada

13th century. From encrucillar (“to cross”), derived from cruz (“cross”), from Latin crux (“cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”). Cognate with Portuguese encruzilhada and Spanish encrucijada.

der

damos et outorgamus a uos [...] hun noso casal que a o moesteiro de Ramiraes en Uallongo enna Encrucillada, o casar en que morou Martin Bóó

1296, M. Lucas Alvarez & P. P. Lucas Domínguez (ed.), San Pedro de Ramirás. Un monasterio femenino en la Edad Media. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Publicacións de Caixa Galicia, page 447

we give and grant to you … our farm that the monastery of Ramirás has in Valongo, at the crossroad, the farm where Martín Boo dwelt


poio

From Old Galician-Portuguese poio, from Latin podium, from Ancient Greek πόδιον (pódion, “base”). Doublet of podio.

stone platform designed to rest loads along a way


trueiro

a fishing hand net or landing net (small net that is equipped with a handle and attached to a rim so that the net forms a pouch)


concello

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese concelho, from Latin concilium. Doublet of concilio. Compare Portuguese concelho.


varenga

From Middle French warengue, from Old Norse vrong (“rib of a sheep”). Cognate with French varangue.

(nautical) bilge (the rounded portion of a ship's hull)


previsualización

gl-noun

previsualización f (plural previsualizacións)

(computing) preview (a facility for seeing and checking a document, or changes to it, before saving and/or printing it)


palatalización

palatalización f (plural palatalizacións)

palatalizacións (plural)
palatalizaçom (alternative)


paíño

paíños (plural)
peidiño (alternative)
peíño (alternative)

Spanish: paíño

Hydrobates pelagicus
Hydrobates pelagicus#Translingual


palafrén

From Old Galician-Portuguese palafré, palafrén (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Old Occitan palafré, from Old French palefrei, from Late Latin paraverēdus (“post horse, spare horse”), from Gaulish *werēdos (“horse”) (compare Welsh gorwydd (“horse”)), from Proto-Celtic *uɸoreidos (“horse”). Doublet of verea (“road”).


talladeira

talladeiras (plural)
talhadeira (alternative)


tarabela

15th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese, either from Vulgar Latin *terebella, a diminutive of Latin terebra (“gimlet”), or from a diminutive of trabs (thus possibly a doublet of treu). Cognate with Portuguese taramela and Spanish tarabilla.

iten un escoupre, iten vn traado, iten vnna tarabela, iten dous bingueletes, iten duas serras de mao

1485, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 286:

item, a chisel; item, a drill; item, an auger; item, two small drills; item, two handsaws

by extension, windmill blades or some other traditional devices composed by an axis and blades

device composed by an axis, blades and a tin, used as a scarecrow through the percussion of the wind moved blades and the tin

(figurative) a fool; someone who changes his mind all the time


tarabela

gl-noun

tarabela m or f by sense (plural tarabelas)

Perhaps from Arabic تَكَلَّم (takallam, “to talk”); cognate with Portuguese tagarela.

(music) percussion musical instrument build from a cane


binguelete

15th century. From Old French guimbelet (“drill”), ultimately of Germanic origin (compare English wimble). Cognate with English gimlet.

item, a chisel; item, a drill; item, an auger; item, two gimlets; item, two handsaws


aixola

aixolas (plural)
aixó (alternative)
aixoa (alternative)
anxola (alternative)
eixola (alternative)
eixoa (alternative)

First attested in the 15th century. From Late Latin asciola, diminutive from Latin ascia (“axe”). Cognate with Portuguese enxó, Spanish azuela. The /l/ is unexpected and may point to analogy with some associated word.

quatro traados et hua segur et hua aixola montisca

1448, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 295:

four drills and an axe and a forest adze

iten vnna yxola de peto, iten un escoupre, iten vn traado, iten vnna tarabela, iten dous bingueletes, iten duas serras de mao

item, a pocket adze; item, a chisel; item, a drill; item, an auger; item, two gimlets; item, two handsaws


billarda

From billardo, from Old French billard (“rod, staff”), diminutive of Old French bille (“log, tree trunk”), probably ultimately from Proto-Celtic *belyos (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).

der

tipcat; a traditional Galician sport played with a stick and a rod pointed at both ends, the latter used as a ball


gadoupa

Unknown. Perhaps a composite of Germanic *ga- with another term. Compare gaspeto, agasallar.

Botalle logo a gadoupa
como fai coa pomba o azór,

1813, Manuel Pardo de Andrade, Rogos dun galego:

Then it throws the claw to him
as with the dove does the goshawk


pouta loba

From pouta (“paw”) and loba (“of wolf”).


xoio

From Vulgar Latin *joju, from Latin lolium. Cognate with Portuguese joio, Spanish joyo.

darnel (cereal weed usually considered harmful)


sámago

marrow, live bone inside a horn or a hoof


cernada

From Vulgar Latin *cinerata, from cinis (“cold ashes”).


rexelo

rexelos (plural)
reixelo (alternative)
roxelo (alternative)

Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *riskillos, from Proto-Indo-European *preysk- (“fresh”); but probably from Late Latin *rescellus, a diminutive of res, "thing", but which has come to mean "head of cattle" in western Iberia Romance languages.

cen carros de pan entre trigo et centeo et vi armentios et iiii bois et ii uacas et La roxellos entre cabras et ouellas

1291, E. Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo. Transcrición íntegra dos documentos, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 78:

a hundred carts of grain, wheat and rye; and 6 cattle, 4 oxen and 2 cows; and 50 kids, sheep and goats


irce

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *īsex, from Proto-Celtic *esoxs (“salmon”). Cognate of Portuguese irze, of Spanish esguín and of Basque izokin.


freixa

freixas (plural)
fareixa (alternative)
feixa (alternative)

Probably from Latin fragium (“fracture”). Compare Acquafraggia in Italy.


amalló

amallós (plural)
amalloa (alternative)
amallón (alternative)
malloa (alternative)
malló (alternative)

From Latin malleolus (“little mallet”). Cognate with Spanish majuelo.

a strap of leather used for joining, connecting or fastening


freba

From Old Galician-Portuguese (compare Portuguese fêvera), from Latin fibra (“fiber; boneless meat”) (compare Spanish hebra); less probably, from an Arabic source.

Afonso: Ora partan o pernil.
Albino: E mais tenbos boa freba.

1707, Salvador Francisco Roel, Entremés ao real e feliz parto da nosa raíña:

Afonso: "Let them cut the ham".
Albino: "And it has good lean!"
for all in this way

lean, boneless meat, specially when referring to pork loin meat


ferraña

ferrañas (plural)
ferrá (alternative)
ferrán (alternative)
ferraxe (alternative)

From Latin farrāginem (“fodder”), from far (“emmer”). Compare the evolution of sartaña (“frying pan”), from Latin sartāginem (“frying pan”).


chuzo

Attested since 1707. Probably from Spanish chuzo.

Alberte falemos craros
nosoutros temos a culpa,
que se foramos armados
con aguilladas e chuzos,
ouberàmos de botalos
alò para en cas de Iudas.

"Alberte, let's make this clear:
we are to blame,
because if we had been armed
with goads and spears
we would have driven them back
there until Judas's house."

rustic spear traditionally used to chase wolves


chantaxe

Inherited from Latin plataginem (“plantain”).

inh+

[t͡ʃan̪ˈt̪a̠.ʃɪ]

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual


chantaxe

[t͡ʃan̪ˈt̪a̠.ʃɪ]

blackmail, shakedown (threat to obtain some advantage)


galdrapa

13th century. Cognate with Spanish gualdrapa, Italian gualdrappa which are attested much later.


espata

Learned borrowing from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “blade”). Doublet of espada, [Term?], and sword


mansedume

Already used by the Galician author Paio Gómez Chariño in the 13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese *mansidõe, *mansedũe, from Latin mānsuētūdinem (“tameness”): synchronically manso (“tame, meek”) + -dume. Cognate with Portuguese mansidão and Spanish mansedumbre.


servidume

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese servidũe (attested since the 13th century), from Latin servitūdinem (“servitude”). Cognate with Portuguese servidão and Spanish servidumbre.

inh+

(law) right of transit through a private property that prevents another property from accessing a public way


piorno

Obscure. Perhaps from Latin vīburnum under the influence of pinus (“pine tree”).

unk

Obscure

name applied to a number of broom species, most notably those distributed in mountainous, colder, or dryer areas, among them:


expectoración

expectoracións (plural)
expectoraçom (alternative)
expectoração (alternative)


despresurización

gl-noun

despresurización f (plural despresurizacións)


sobrealimentación

sobrealimentación f (plural sobrealimentacións)

sobrealimentacións (plural)
sobrealimentaçom (alternative)
sobrealimentação (alternative)


vougo

(anatomy) flank (flesh between the last rib and the hip)


chanto

Deverbal from chantar (“to plant”), from Latin plantō (“to plant”).

slabstone which, planted vertically, is used to fence off land


chanto

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese chanto, from Latin plānctus (“wailing, lamentation”).


donicela

From Vulgar Latin *domnicella (“little maiden”), from domina (“maiden”).


saramago

saramagos (plural)
samarco (alternative)
samargo (alternative)
xaramago (alternative)

Unknown. Coromines proposed that it was a borrowing from Arabic, from Persian, but Corrientes considers that his etymology was based just in phonetics; the existence of places whose names are derived with suffixes that were seldom productive in the second millennium, as Saramagoso and Zaramacedo, makes the Arab etymology unlikely and points to a Latin or pre-Latin origin.

Raphanus raphanistrum
Raphanus raphanistrum#Translingual

wild radish, charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum)


labestro

labestros (plural)
labresto (alternative)

Probably from Latin rafistrum, with dissimilation of vibrants.


torgo

Unknown. Probably from a substrate term *tǒrgăno-; cognate of Leonese and Asturian tuérgano.

trunk and roots of heather, traditionally used in the production of coal


torgo

è s’os crègos non se meten
n’o demòntre d’a’ncaldada
è o abade c’o seu tòrgo
fort’e recio non lles fala
d’irs’a jantar o’utro mundo
iban ja lovando trazas.

and if it wasn't for the priests,
who stopped that hell of a broth,
and the abbot with his voice,
strong and firm, didn't speak with them,
going to have lunch to the other world
those people were giving clues


argana

From Paleo-Hispanic *arganna, perhaps Celtic (compare French ergot). Cognate with Spanish argaña.


árgoma

Probably from Paleo-Hispanic. Cognate with Asturian árgoma.


varcia

varcias (plural)
bárcea (alternative)
barcia (alternative)
barxa (alternative)
varxa (alternative)

Attested in local Medieval Latin documents as varcena, from Paleo-Hispanic. Cognate with Portuguese várzea and vargem.

(dated) floodplain; fertile plain terrain on the banks of a river


escarva

From Old Norse skarfr (compare Swedish skarv "joint, extension").

(nautical) clinker (overlapping construction)


reguengo

[reˈɣ̞ɛŋ.ɡʊ]

[reˈɣ̞ɛŋ.ɡʊ]

From an older regaengo, from a local medieval Latin form regalengo, attested since the 10th century; from Latin regalis + -engo (“belonging to”), from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.

(historical) land or possession which pertained to the Crown


gallofo

gallofos (plural)
callofo (alternative)
galloufo (alternative)

From gallofa (“food given to workers, pilgrims”), perhaps from a Medieval Latin expression Galli offa, "food given to Frenchmen [Pilgrim]"; but compare Gothic Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰 (gahlaiba, “messmate”) and English loaf.

a large piece of food; a piece of food larger than a mouthful


gurgullón

gurgullóns (plural)
gorgullón (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin gurgulio, gurgulionem (“gullet”), from gurges (“whirlpool”).


sartego

sartegos (plural)
sartén (alternative)
sarteo (alternative)
sarteu (alternative)

Unknown. Perhaps from Vulgar Latin *sarcovagum, from Latin sarcophagus, from Ancient Greek σαρκοφάγος (sarkophágos).

1383, A. López Ferreiro (ed.), Historia de la Santa A. M. Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela, VI, page 157

he had build the aforementioned chapel with four sepulchers for burying

que edificara a dita Capela con quatro Sartegos para Sepultura

subterranean chamber of a water mill, where the water moves the turbine


alvariza

[ɑl.β̞aˈɾi.θɐ]

[ɑl.β̞aˈɾi.θɐ]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese alvariça (attested in 1428), from Latin alvearium + -āricia.

inh+

con todos los casarelos que estan en na Touça onde o dito Iohan Afonso monje feso a aluariça

1428, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Domínguez, editors, El priorato benedictino de San Vicenzo de Pombeiro y su colección diplomática en la Edad Media, Sada: Ediciós do Castro, page 186:

with all the huts that are in the wood where the aforementioned monk Xohan Afonso made the albariza

stone wall enclosing an apiary and protecting it from bears and other predators


esqueira

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese escaeyra (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin scālāria, from Latin scālae. Doublet of escaleira, and cognate with Spanish escalera.


cabazo

Probably from Paleo-Hispanic *calapaccia.

an elevated granary or barn, made of interlaced wicker and rods

(dated) horn used by the reapers for keeping the whetstone in water


cesteiro

gl-noun

cesteiro m (plural cesteiros, feminine cesteira, feminine plural cesteiras)

cesteiros (plural)
cesteira (feminine)
cesteiras (feminine plural)


peleteiro

peleteiro m (plural peleteiros, feminine peleteira, feminine plural peleteiras)

peleteiros (plural)
peleteira (feminine)
peleteiras (feminine plural)

13th century. From Old French pelletier. Compare also Medieval Latin pelletarius.

mando que non possan tomar as ditas pesoas et coengos et homes boos da dita iglesia por panigoados os ofiçiales conuen a saber os carpenteiros et pedreiros et carniçeyros et ferreyros et çapateyros et peliteyros et mercadores

1389, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 207:

I command that no churchman could take for a stooge any official, i.e., the carpenters and stonemasons and butchers and smiths and shoemakers and furriers and merchants


ferruxe

15th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese *ferrugẽ, from Latin ferrūgō, ferrūginem (“iron rust”). Sincronically, reanalysis of ferro (“iron”) + -uxe. Cognate with Portuguese ferrugem.

Para esto val a ferruien mesturada con sal et con azeyte.

1409, José Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 117:

For this is useful the iron rust admixed with salt and olive oil


feluxe

feluxes (plural)
fuluxe (alternative)
feluge (alternative)
felugem (alternative)
fuluge (alternative)

15th century. From Vulgar Latin *fūllūginem, from Latin fūlīginem (“soot, lampblack”), attracted by ferruxe (“rust”). Cognate with Portuguese fuligem and Spanish hollín.

Jtem. Val para esto a ffelugen et o ssal et o azeite todo amasado ençima posto

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 151:

Item. To this end it is useful the soot, salt, and oil, all of them kneaded and applied over it


enxunlla

enxunllas (plural)
ansula (alternative)
anxulia (alternative)
ensula (alternative)
ensulla (alternative)
ensunlla (alternative)
enxulia (alternative)

Attested since 1409. From Latin axungia (“axle grease”). Cognate with Portuguese enxúndia and Spanish enjundia.

Para esto ual enprasto feito de çumo da alosna et do apeo et de çera et de exulla de porco uello et pouco de vjno branco et ferua todo esto desuun con fariña triga

1409, José Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 125:

For this is good a plaster made of wormwood juice, and of celery, and of wax, and of old pork grease, and some white wine, and let all this boil with wheat flour


baluga

14th century. From Paleo-Hispanic ballūca, "nugget", attested by Pliny the Elder and Martial (cf. ballūx).


tornarratos

From tornar (“to turn”) + ratos (“mice”).

staddle stone; totally or partially flat stones that are interposed between a granary and its supports with the purpose of forcing the fall of mice and non flying vermin


chocallo

chocallos (plural)
chocalho (alternative)

from choca + -allo, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”): compare Welsh cloch, Irish clog.
Cognate with Portuguese chocalho.


tolemia

Attested since the 19th century. From tolo (“crazy”) + -emia.


florón

floróns (plural)
florom (alternative)
florão (alternative)


anguía

From Old Galician-Portuguese anguia (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin anguilla. Cognate with Portuguese enguia and Spanish anguila.

cada natal nos daredes das ditas erdades quinse duseas de boas anguias secas et salgadas

1391, M. Romaní Martínez (ed.), La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira (1025-1310). Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, vol. 3, page 420

each Christmas you'll give us, of that properties, fifteen dozens of good eels, dry and salted


incapacitación

incapacitación f (plural incapacitacións)

incapacitacións (plural)
incapacitaçom (alternative)
incapacitação (alternative)


masculinización

masculinización f (plural masculinizacións)


desfragmentación

desfragmentación f (plural desfragmentacións)

From desfragmentar + -ción or des- + fragmentación.


zuncho

Pace Corominas, perhaps from Latin cingulum (compare cincho); alternatively from a Vulgar Latin *zoniculum, from Latin zōna (“belt, girdle”).

metal clamp or girdle used as reinforcement


zucho

(dated) piston used for extracting water

peashooter or toy syringe composed by a tube and a piston

dark water that runs off from the stable


cichote

/θiˈt͡ʃɔte̝/


sarabia

Unknown. Attested since 1370 (saravea); probably from a substrate language.

Et alí veeriades uoar dardos et saetas, tã espesos cõmo a saráuea quando cae moyto espesa

1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 610:

And you would see there darts and arrows fly, as thick as the hail when in falls thickly

Os escoleres quixeron
Compol o diallo d’a zambra
Con paliq’e cortesias
Pro os demos repricaban
Zimbrando sopapos ‘n eles
Coma quen chobe saraiba.

1846, anonymous author, Carta de Cristobo a seu tio Don Alifonso de Santiago:

the sorcerers wanted to
appease the devil of the uproar
with chitchat and courtesies
but the demons replied
delivering smacks on them
as if raining hailstone

hail, hailstone (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation)


amiguiño

amiguiño m (plural amiguiños, feminine amiguiña, feminine plural amiguiñas)

amiguiños (plural)
amiguiña (feminine)
amiguiñas (feminine plural)

Amiguiños si, pero a vaquiña polo que vale

Yes, [we are] good friends, but [I sell you] the cow for what it's worth


cruceiro

cruceiros (plural)
cruzeiro (alternative)

15th century. From cruz (“cross”) + -eiro. Cognate with Portuguese cruzeiro and Spanish crucero.

calvary; Galician high cross, frequently representing a scene of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and located either at the churchyard or at a crossroad

Dende o cruceiro tíñase unha vista xeral da igrexa.

There was a general view of the church from the crossing.

(architecture) crossing (the volume formed by the intersection of chancel, nave and transepts in a cruciform church; often with a tower or cupola over it)

cruise (a sea or lake voyage, especially one taken for pleasure)

cruise ship, cruiser (a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are considered an essential part of the experience)

cruiser (a class of fast warships of medium tonnage, having a long cruising range but less armour and firepower than a battleship)


noxo

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese nojo, deverbal from anoxar, from Vulgar Latin inodiō, from Latin odium (“hatred”). Cognate with Portuguese nojo, Spanish enojo.

Que noxo!


chumazo

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin plūmācium, from Latin plūma (“feather”). Cognate with Portuguese chumaço.

meu leyto con una cóçedra e con dou chumaços e dous façeyroós e una colcha e un cobertor de çacotes

1278, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 36:

my bed with a mattress and with two cushions and two pillows and a quilt and a coverlet

bearings that support the axis of the traditional ox cart


chumaceira

bearing (a mechanical device that supports another part and/or reduces friction)


dorna

Already attested as Latin dorna (“trough; concave”) in local 10th-century Latin charters. From a substrate language, from *dru-no- (“trough”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”). Alternatively from Proto-Celtic *durnos (“fist, hand”) (compare Breton dorn, Irish dorn); the word could have been first a unit of length, later becoming a unit of volume and a container, and later a ship, or either it was a reference to the concavity of the hand. Cognate with Spanish duerna, Occitan dorna and French dorne.

trough used for holding wine before putting it into barrels

(nautical) a boat typical of the Rías Baixas region, in Galicia


relinga

From Old French raelinge, from Old Norse rár (“yard”) + lík (“sail edge”). Cognate with Spanish relinga, French ralingue, Italian ralinga.

(nautical) main ropes of some nets: sinker line and float line


goldra

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *walþijō, *walþō. Compare English weld and Spanish gualda.

Reseda luteola
Reseda luteola#Translingual


arroaz

Spanish: arroaz

Either from roer (“to gnaw”) + -az, or from rabaz (lobo rabaz, "European lynx") from Latin rapāx (“rapacious”). Cognate with Portuguese roaz.

Tursiops truncatus
Tursiops truncatus#Translingual


lobo rabaz

From lobo (“wolf”) + rabaz from Latin rapāx (“rapacious”).

Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), which became extinct in the Iberian peninsula before 1800


cebro

From Old Galician-Portuguese ezebro, from Vulgar Latin *eciferus (“fool, wild ass, donkey”), from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”), from equus (“horse”) and ferus (“wild”). Cognate with Portuguese zebro.
Modern toponyms as Cebreiro are attested as Cebrario, Zebrario, Ecebrario and Ezebrario in local High Middle Ages Latin documents.


cebro

From Latin acerbus, probably influenced by the previous etymology.

characteristic taste and smell of game and wild animals


lampaza

Probably from Latin *lappacea, from lappa (“burdock”).


frangulla

frangullas (plural)
faragulla (alternative)
farangulla (alternative)

/fɾaŋˈɡuʎa̝/

crumb (a small piece which breaks off from baked food)


chisca

Probably onomatopoeic, from *klVsk- ("knok; wink").


chisco

Falo un chisco de alemán.


fouciño

13th century. From fouce (“sickle”) + -iño.

tres fouçiñas, e dous fouçiños, e hun legon, e hun sacho, e hun escoupere, e hua eyxola grande, e hua serra de mao, e outra eyxola de peto, e tres fouçes, e duas choquas

1474, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 66:

thee toothed sickles, and two sickles, a hoe, a mattock, a chisel, a large axe, a handsaw, a hatchet, three long sickles, and two cowbells


fouciña

three toothed sickles, and two sickles, a hoe, a mattock, a chisel, a large axe, a handsaw, a hatchet, three long sickles, and two cowbells

a stronger sickle used to reap wheat, rye, barley


collón

From Old Galician-Portuguese colhon, from Late Latin cōleōnem, derived from Latin cōleus (“sack, scrotum”). Cognate with Portuguese colhão, Spanish cojón.

Se se faz o inchaço dos colloos por rrazon dos entestinos que caen eno messen, que he huun follello dontre elles et os colloõs, crasten o Cauallo que ouuer esta door, et tirado o collon, que for danado ou anbos, uoluan logo a seu lugar os entestinos et cosam a fendedura et queimen a chaga darredor con fero feruente

1409, José Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 95:

if there is inflammation in the testicles because of the intestines that fall in the mesentery, i.e., the pellicle in between them and the testicles, they should geld the horse, and after the extraction of the injured testicle, or of both of them, they should return the intestines and sew the fissure and burn the injury with a red hot iron

(vulgar, usually in the plural) ball (a testicle), bollock

E Nota que o poo dos collos das abroteas ual mays que todos llos outros, et dos ditos poos deuen vsar nos llugarres neruossos et jntrincados de veas et darterias

1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 141:

Take note that the powder of the rhizomes [lit. bollocks] of the asphodels has more value than all the rest, and that these powders should be used in places that are nervous and entangled with veins and arteries


lambefoula

From lamber (“lick”) + foula (“milldust”).


lambecricas

From lamber + crica, literally “pussy-licker”.


folello

15th century. From Vulgar Latin *folliclus, contracted form of Latin folliculus, diminutive form of follis (“purse, sack”). Compare the borrowed doublet folículo.
Cognate with Spanish hollejo.

Se se faz o inchaço dos colloos por rrazon dos entestinos que caen eno messen, que he huun follello dontre elles et os colloõs

if there is inflammation in the testicles because of the intestines that fall in the mesentery, i.e., the membrane in between them and the testicles

(dated) skin or membrane in between organs


foupa

Probably from Latin faluppa (“chaff”). Cognate with Asturian falopiu.


xeira

From an older Old Galician-Portuguese jeyra, geyra, from Medieval Latin diāria (“daily”), from Latin diēs (“day”). Cognate with Spanish jera.

xeiras grandes e pobeas raras levan donos á terras estrañas

long working days and few gavels take the owner to strange lands

Iten, un lugar en Raynros, que ten hua casa e hua cabadura de viña e dous ou tres geyras de tarreo de lebar pan

1451, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 133:

Item, a hamlet in Raynros, which has a house and a vineyard and two or three xeiras of land suitable for growing cereals

land which can be plowed in a day with a single pair of oxen

time worked for a neighbour or for the community, in exchange for a future similar help


esqueiro

esqueiros (plural)
isqueiro (alternative)

y achou cõ aquel arco hum estormento, et seu esqueyro, et sua ysca, et seu pedernal em el

c. 1300, R. Martínez López, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 220:

there he found, together with that bow, a deed, with his tinderbox, and its tinder, and its flint inside it

que lle tomara e roubara ena Portella d'Azebedo, hun capuço nouo de morilla et hua capa trabera de mescra branca et hua çinta e hun esqeiro et çen pares de brancas et hun frolín en ouro et seys congros frescos et quatro lagostas

1448, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 296:

that they took and robbed from him, in the pass of Acevedo, a new hood of dark cloth and a cloak of white mixed cloth and a ribbon and a tinderbox and a hundred pairs of brancas and a florin of gold and six fresh congers and four lobsters


esqueiro

From Latin scālārium (“flight of stairs”).


chisqueiro

From isqueiro, a container for tinder, and chispa (“spark”).


grilanda

grilandas (plural)
grinalda (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese guerlanda (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), guirlanda. Probably from Old Occitan guirlanda (compare French guirlande). Compare Portuguese guirlanda and Spanish guirnalda.

Et hũ dia vyña de mõte Liçeo et vyoa hũ deus que avia nome Pam -et dizẽ os autores que aeste chamauã os gentijs deus das cabras -, et este tragia ẽna cabeça hũa grilanda de pyno

1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 254:

And a day happened that, as she was coming from Mount Liceo, a god named Pan saw her -and the authors say that he was called by the gentiles god of the goats- and he was wearing a wreath of pine on his head


bulicio

From Old Galician-Portuguese boliço, 13th century, from bulir (“to boil, work, hurry”). Cognate with Portuguese bulício and Spanish bullicio.


fumeiro

15th century. From fume (“smoke”) + -eiro; or directly from Latin fūmārium (“smoke chamber”).

1436, Manuel Lucas Alvarez & María José Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 372

in the smokery, house, garden and its exit, which is built in between the aforementioned house and the aforementioned smokery, in the outskirts of that town [Muros], in the street that goes from the plaza to the fountain

no fumeiro et casa del et corral et saydo del, que esta feyta entre a dita casa et o dito fumeyro enno arrabaldo da dita vila enna rua que vay da praça para a fonte

smokery; structure, facility or room used to smoke meat, fish, or cheese

installation of rods over the kitchen or the fireplace where meat is smoked


fumeiro

fumeiros (plural)
fueiro (alternative)
fungueiro (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese *fũeyro, from Latin funarius.


poutada

anchor, used in small boats, composed of a wooden frame and a long stone


lumieira

lumieiras (plural)
lumeira (alternative)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lumẽeira (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin lūmināria (“skylight, window”), from Latin lūmen. Cognate with Spanish lumbrera (“louver”) and French lumière.

inh

se alguas seeteyras ou lançeyros estan feytas en a parede da dicta casa, que as çarren de pedra et que as non abran nunca nen façan y outras alguas a saluo fique en o sotoo da dicta casa as lumeeyras que foren neçesarias et perteesçentes para dar lume ao dicto sotoo que non seian por maneyra de defensa algua

1395, Miguel González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 557:

if some arrowslits or embrasures are built in the walls of that tower house, they must be closed in stone, never to be reopened, and they shouldn't build new ones, with this exception, that in the ground floor there should be enough and sufficient skylights for lightening the aforementioned ground floor, but as long as they can't be used for defense


ardentía

milky seas; mareel; biolumiscent sea; phosphorescence on the ocean


falangueiro

gl-noun

falangueiro m (plural falangueiros, feminine falangueira, feminine plural falangueiras)

falangueiros (plural)
falangueira (feminine)
falangueiras (feminine plural)

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese falagueyro (“flatterer”), from older afalagar (modern afagar), probably from Arabic خَلَقَ (ḵalaqa, “to behave kindly”). Semantically influenced by falar (“to speak”), from Latin fābulāre.
Compare Portuguese fagueiro and Spanish halagar.

der

deliura con teu amingo todalas cousas que ouueres (a fazer). primeyramente sabe quen he el. porque moytos (omees) que pareçen amingos de fora. e son falagueyros de parauua que an a uoentade contraria do que demostran

c1275, Eladio Oviedo Arce (ed.), "Fragmento de una versión gallega del Código de Las Partidas de Alfonso el Sabio", in López Ferreiro, Antonio (ed.): Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 6

deliberate with you friend every matter, but fist you must know who he is; because many men that look like friends are word flatterers who have the contrary will than that which they show


falabarato

From falar (“to speak”) + barato ("cheap", compare English barter).

(colloquial, derogatory) windbag, big mouth, bigmouth, chatterbox (someone who talks too much)

(humorous) glib (having a ready flow of words but lacking thought or understanding; superficial; shallow)


apeiro

13th century. From Vulgar Latin *apparium, ultimately from Latin par (“equal, alike”).

tools, instruments used by a farmer for working the land


bouza

From an earlier Medieval bouça; attested in local Medieval Latin documents as bauza, from a substrate language *bauttia, perhaps from Celtic.

1317, Maia, Clarinda de Azevedo (ed.) (1986): História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., pp. 41-245., page 227

houses, vineyards, stables, granaries, heaths, woods, orchards, lesser patches of terrain, all of my movable property and real state, and the rights over it that I could have on behalf of my father and of my mother and of my grandparents, bought and acquired and inherited, in the village of Toanzo, which is in the parish of Saint Martin of Bueu.

caſas, viñas, cortes, çelleyros, bouças, deueſas, pumares, reſios τ auer mouil τ rayσ que ey τ auer deuo de dereyto por parte de meu padre τ de miña madre τ de meus auoos, de conpra τ de gaança τ d'auoengo enna villa de Toanço que he en fregueſia de Sam Martino de Bueu


chaira

chairas (plural)
chaeira (alternative)
chaila (alternative)
cheira (alternative)

→ Spanish: chaira

From proto-Galician *chãaira, from Latin plānāria (“planar”), from Latin plānus (“flat”).


doela

doelas (plural)
duela (alternative)
duvela (alternative)

1434 ("duella"); from Old French douelle, diminutive of doue, from Latin doga (“vessel”). Cognate with Portuguese aduela, Spanish duela.

1434, Anselmo López Carreira (ed.), Libro de Notas de Álvaro Afonso (1434), Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, d. 169

[During the construction of the bridge of Ourense] you should pick and give a hundred yards of stone staves, which you should deliver carved; each yard of stone must measure four handspans, as measured by the belly of the stave

que collades et diedes colleytas enno monte das Trees çen varas de pedras de duellas, as quaes avedes de dar gastadas et que aja en cada vara de pedra quatro palmos de longo medidos por el vendre ventre dela duella

(architecture) voussoir (one of a series of wedge-shaped bricks forming an arch or vault)

each one of the staves of wood or stone which conform the walls of an hórreo


polbo á feira

From polbo (“octopus”) + á (“a la”) + feira (“fair”).

octopus cooked in a coppern pot and served in woodenware, seasoned with olive oil, salt and paprika


liaza

15th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese liaça = lía (“rope”) + -aza, from Latin ligō.

abedes de dar et pagar a nos et a ho dito noso monesterio et a nosos soçesores huna liaça de pulpus, mays quatro pescadas por día de Natal, en quada hun anno

1495, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Monasterio de San Salvador de Pedroso en tierras de Trasancos. Colección documental, A Coruña: Deputación Provincial, page 305:

you should give and pay to us and to our monastery and to our successors, a liaza of octopuses and four hakes by Christmas day, each year

(dated) a group of dried octopuses (eighteen in the 18th century) tied together for its transport and commerce


seareiro

gl-noun

seareiro m (plural seareiros, feminine seareira, feminine plural seareiras)

seareiros (plural)
seareira (feminine)
seareiras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese seareiro. By surface analysis, seara (“cornfield; day labor”) + eiro.


centeo

From Old Galician-Portuguese centẽo, from Latin centēnus (“a hundred things”), from centum (“a hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognate with Portuguese centeio, Spanish centeno.

duas tercias de centeo et ha hua de serodeo et hun sesteiro de triigo

1269, Miguel Romaní Martínez, editor, La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira, Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, page 928:

two thirds of rye and one of late cereal and a sixth of wheat


tilla

From Latin tigilla (“small piece of wood”).

linchpin (wedge used to reinforce the union of the wheel and the axle's extreme) of a traditional Galician cart


tilla

From Old French, from Old Norse þilja (“board, plank”). Cognate of French tillac (“upper deck”) and English thill.


tilla

ashes produced by the combustion of bush and leaf litter


mión

mións (plural)
meón (alternative)
miñón (alternative)
muñón (alternative)

Perhaps from a derivative of Latin medius. Otherwise, from Paleo-Hispanic.

central piece of the Galician cart wheel, which is united on its extremes with the cambas, or curved pieces of the wheel's felly, and has in its center the wheel's nave


rello

leash; halter; rope used for securing the load of a cart


zapón

18th century. Probably from Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (English tap, German Zapfen, "bung"); compare the doublets tapón and zapa.


trapa

Either onomatopoeic, shared with most western European languages, or from Germanic (compare English trap).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


frouma

Unknown. Perhaps from Latin fragmina (“chips”) via *fraumẽa.

(uncountable) pine needles; leaf litter, chaff


arume

Perhaps from Latin arōma (“spice, herb”).

(countable, uncountable) pine needles; leaf litter, chaff


arume

From aro (“hoop”) + -ume, a collective suffix.

(uncountable) set of rings or hoops used for basket making


piarda

Unknown. Related to its synonyms pión and pialla; perhaps ultimately from the same origin that English pilchard.

Atherina presbyter
Wikispecies:Atherina presbyter


coroza

corozas (plural)
caroza (alternative)
curoza (alternative)

Probably from Latin crocea (“saffron coloured”), from crocum (“saffron”).

raincoat made of entwined thatches (straws or rushes)


espaller

espalleres (plural)
espallar (alternative)

1857. Either from French espalier or from Catalan espaller; ultimately from Italian spalliera.


trouso

From Suevic or Gothic, from Proto-Germanic *drauzaz, from *dreusaną (“to drop”).


chuvasqueiro

chuvasqueiros (plural)
chuvisqueiro (alternative)

Spanish: chubasquero


chuvasco

→? Portuguese: chuvasco

→ Spanish: chubasco


panasco

Unknown. Attested since circa 1750. Perhaps from pano + -asco. Alternatively, from a substrate language, from Proto-Indo-European *pen- (“moist; wet; mud; swamp; water”).

der

Corría por aquel monte tripando toxos, carrascos, e levantaba panascos que lexos guindaba atrás

1853, Juan Manuel Pintos, A Gaita Gallega:

He ran around that hill treading gorses, heathers, and drawing turfs that he tossed far back


chozo

hut or cottage temporarily used by shepherds while at the highlands


cumieira

From cume + -eira, from Latin culmen, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH-. Cognate with Portuguese cumeeira and Spanish cumbrera.


cumial

From cume + -al, from Latin culmen, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH-.


faldra

13th century (sofaldrar). From Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽 (falþan), from Proto-Germanic *falþaną (“to fold”). Cognate with Portuguese fralda and falda, with Spanish falda and with English fold.

foot and lower side of a mountain or hill


poula

(derogatory, figuratively) single, spinster


avesedo

gl-noun

avesedo m (plural avesedos, feminine aveseda, feminine plural avesedas)

avesedos (plural)
aveseda (feminine)
avesedas (feminine plural)

From an older *avessedo, from Latin āversetum, from āversus (“turned, rear”) + -etum (“place”).

suffix

shady terrain, usually turned north or west


avesío

gl-noun

avesío m (plural avesíos, feminine avesía, feminine plural avesías)

avesíos (plural)
avesía (feminine)
avesías (feminine plural)

From an older *avessio, from Latin āversus (“turned, rear”).


mestas

From local Medieval Latin ambas mixtas, from Gallaecian ambas (“waters, rivers”) (compare *abū) and Latin mixtus (“admixed”).

vendo essa mia herdade que iaz a su a uossa granja de Penellas, untre anballas aguas dos regueyrus que per y corren d'ona parte et da outra, et uay firir áás mestas u se anbus estes regeyrus mexen

1282, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Domínguez, editors, El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 390:

I sell my property that is next to your farm of Penelas, in between both waters of the streams that flow there, and its perimeter comes to the confluence where both this streams mix together


fodechinchos

Attested since circa 1970. From foder (“to steal, waste, annoy, fuck”) + chincho (“jack mackerel”), because the affluence of tourists to the fishing ports and markets, either asking for cheap deals or simply causing annoyment.

compound

(humorous, mildly derogatory, ethnic slur) emmet, grockle, foreigner, tourist (specifically one who speaks Castilian Spanish)


embelga

From Paleo-Hispanic *ambelika, from Proto-Celtic *ambi- + Proto-Celtic *el- (“to go”) + Proto-Celtic *-ikos. Cognate with Spanish amelga.

each strip of terrain that is marked in a field before sowing it


focha

Probably from Latin fossa; also compare foxo and foxa.


fochanca

Ollo! Non metas a roda nesa fochanca que rompes o eixo!

Watch out! Don't you put the wheel in that pothole, or you'll break the axletree!


acubillo

From a- + Latin cubiculum (“bedroom, bedchamber”), from cubāre (“to lie down”). Cognate with Spanish cobijo.


chavella

/t͡ʃaˈβeʎa̝/

13th century. From Vulgar Latin *clavicla, from Latin clāvicula. Compare Portuguese chavelha. Doublet of clavícula.

Et disso demayz que este Fernan Eanes foy a o agro en que anda semeando esse Pedro Eanes et tirou a chavella a o arado et adussollos ata Montogo et leyxoulo en Montogo

1280, M. Romaní Martínez (ed.), La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira (1025-1310). Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, page 1090

He also said that this Fernán Eanes went to the field that Pedro Eanes was working, and he pulled out the drawbar of the plough, and he took it to Montoxo and left it there

drawbar, peg, etc, used to join a plough to a yoke, or in general any two elements together


azumbre

Variant of earlier açubre and açumbre, from Old Spanish, from Andalusian Arabic الثُّمُن (aṯ-ṯúmn), from Arabic ثُمُن (ṯumun) and ثُمْن (ṯumn, “one-eighth”). Doublet of celamín. Cognate with Spanish azumbre.

Iten mando para os flaires do mosteiro de San Francisco da dita ciudad, docentos azumbres de vino da terra

1457, M. González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 648:

Item, I bequeath to the friars of the monastery of Saint Francis of that city, two hundred azumbres of country wine

A muller do Serafiño
Por unha pinga rabéa,
Quérea de cote a probiña,
E se non bebe, toléa.
Parece un longo varal,
tratándose de viño,
Gorxa tan ancha ela mostra
Com’a canle dun bô muíño.
Pro, se non vai por azumbres,
Logo dí qu’é pouquiniño.

c. 1840, Ramón Varela Vahamonde, Conversa entre os arrieiros:

Serafin's wife
for a drop rages;
she wants it all the time, poor thing,
and if she doesn't drink she goes mad.
She seems a long rod,
but when it is about wine,
she shows a gorge as wide
as the flume of a good mill.
But, if it doesn't come by gallons,
soon she said that it is too little.

(historical) azumbre, a unit of liquid measure equivalent to about 2 L a liquid measure, an eighth of a [Term?] or about 2 L


enfesta

Either from Latin īnfestus (“hostil”); or from en- + -festo, from Germanic: compare French faîte (“top, summit”) and German First (“ridge”).

por esse rio de Villa de Jusaa et pela fonte da Caal et por esse marcho que se ena enfesta de contra a ygregia

1289, Francisco Javier Pérez Rodríguez, editor, Os documentos do tombo de Toxos Outos, Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 671:

by the river of Vila de Xusá, by the fountain of the channel, and by that landmark which is in the slope next to the church

plough pin; rod that connects the beam and the shoe or the plough


eixido

13th century. From Vulgar Latin *exītus, for Latin exitus (“departure”) from exīre (“go out”), from ex- (“outwards”) + īre "to go".
Cognate with Spanish ejido.

una nossa casa que avemos en en Bayona enna rua do era e moran os çapateyros con seu eyxido todo e con todas suas perteenças de dentro e de fora

1274, María del Carmen Sánchez Carrera, editor, El Bajo Miño en el siglo XV. El espacio y los hombres, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 357:

a house we have in Baiona, in the street where the shoemakers dwell, with its whole garden and with all of its belongings, inside and outside

vegetable garden (the grounds at the front or back of a house, containing plants grown for food)