Andorra

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Albania

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Armenia

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Bulgaria

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Bahamas

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Cuba

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Indonesia

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


Malta

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


México

Borrowed from Spanish México, borrowed from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco.


Brasil

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Portugal

From Old Galician-Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portucale < Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


URSS

Initialism of Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas.


Australia

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Costa Rica

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Eritrea

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Pernambuco

Northeast Region
Northeast Region#English

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Recife


Brasilia

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


español

gl-adj

español (feminine española, masculine plural españois, feminine plural españolas)

española (feminine)
españois (masculine plural)
españolas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese espanhol. Compare Portuguese espanhol and Spanish español.

inh+

Spanish; pertaining to Spain, its people, culture, or language


canal

From Old Galician-Portuguese canal (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria): cana (“cane, reed”) + -al. Cognate with Spanish cañal.

V casares en Cesar os quaes fforon de Mayor Aras moller de Martin Sanchez Xarpa com huum paaço et con huum canal enno Tamare.

1375, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 385:

5 farmhouses in Cesar, which belonged to Maior Aras, wife of Martín Sánchez Xarpa, with a manor and a fishery on the river Tambre

(dated) fish-weir; place or installation for fishing, on a river


canal

Learned borrowing from Latin canalis. Doublet of canle and cal.


chan

From Old Galician-Portuguese chão, from Latin plānum. Compare Portuguese chão, Spanish llano.


Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)


California

California (a state of the United States)


area

From Old Galician-Portuguese arẽa, from Latin arēnā (“sand”). Cognate with Portuguese areia and Spanish arena.


Toscana

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Liguria

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


Valencia

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain)


Calabria

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Campania

Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)


España

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


libra

From Old Galician-Portuguese livra, attested in the 13th-century Cantigas de Santa Maria, from Latin libra (“Roman pound”). Doublet of lira. In reference to the English unit, a calque of English pound. Cognate with Portuguese and Spanish libra and Catalan lliura.

British pound, a unit of British currency originally notionally equal to a pound of sterling silver


serra

From Old Galician-Portuguese serra, from Latin serra. Cognate with Portuguese serra and Spanish sierra.


rego

From the interaction of diverse sources: Latin rigāre (“to water”), a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia *reku ("river"), and Proto-Celtic *ɸrikā (“furrow”). Compare Old Breton rec (“furrow”).

furrow (a trench cut in the soil, as when plowed in order to plant a crop)


corda

From Old Galician-Portuguese corda (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin chorda (“cord”), from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string of gut, the string of a lyre”).


lago

From Old Galician-Portuguese lago, from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).


Rusia

From Medieval Latin Russia, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Varangians, inhabitants of Rus”).

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


mar

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese mar, from Latin mare. Compare Portuguese mar.


val

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese vale, from Latin vallis, vallem.

c1350, Kevin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto Padre Sarmiento, page 122

As they clashed, they shouted and cried so aloud that the valleys resounded.

Et ao ferir, braadarõ et deron tan grãdes vozes que os vales rretenyam.


costa

From Old Galician-Portuguese costa, from Latin costa, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-.


Sicilia

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Piemonte

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


Europa

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Europa, from Latin Eurōpa, borrowed from Doric Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa).

etymon

(astronomy) Europa (large moon of Jupiter)


Estados Unidos

United States (a country in North America)


Grecia

Learned borrowing from Latin Graecia, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).

República Helénica
República Helénica#Galician

Greece (a country in Southeast Europe; official name: República Helénica)


Siria

Etymology tree
Akkadian Aššūrbor.
Ancient Greek Σῠ́ρος (Sŭ́ros)
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek Σῠρῐ́ᾱ (Sŭrĭ́ā)bor.
Latin Syrialbor.
Old Galician-Portuguese Siria
Galician Siria
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Siria, borrowed from Latin Syria, borrowed from Ancient Greek Σῠρῐ́ᾱ (Sŭrĭ́ā), from Σῠ́ρος (Sŭ́ros) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


UE

Initialism of Unión Europea. (English: EU)


Serbia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Montenegro

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Acre

Acre (a state of the North Region, Brazil; capital: Rio Branco)


Colonia

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Deva

A hydronym, attested in Medieval Latin as Deva. From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, from Proto-Celtic *deiwā (“goddess”), from Proto-Celtic *deiwos (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god”). Cognate of English Dee.

A river in Ourense, Galicia, flowing some 20 km to the river Minho at Arbo

A river in Pontevedra, Galicia, flowing some 20 km to the river Minho at Pontedeva


Granada

[ɡɾaˈna.ð̞ɐ]

[ɡɾaˈna.ð̞ɐ]

[ħɾaˈna.ð̞ɐ]


Porto

Porto (a city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal)


ría

Attested since 1432. From río (“river”).

o dito seu lugar e vila da Proba ena ria dela

1448, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, Madrid: Ediciones Castilla, page 560:

said place and town of A Pobra [do Caramiñal] in its bay

Et logo comesçou a rreparrar o castello do Est por gardar a terra dos ysmaelitas et normanos, que entrauã porla rria e estragauã toda a terra.

1460, Rui Vasques, Crónica de Santa María de Iria, Santiago: Ediciós do Castro, page 135:

And then he began to repair the castle of Oeste, for protecting the country from the Ismaelites and the Norsemen, who used to enter through the bay, then wasting all the land

(geography) Geographical coastal landform where a river valley is partially subducted under the sea level; similar to a firth, although usually translated into English cartography as bay


montaña

From Old Galician-Portuguese montanna (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Early Medieval Latin montānia, a collective based on Latin montem. Compare Portuguese montanha, Spanish montaña.


Bosnia-Hercegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Lisboa

From Old Galician-Portuguese Lixbõa, from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna) from Vulgar Latin Olisipona, from Latin Olisīpō, possibly from Phoenician or Tartessian.


marco

From Medieval Latin marcus. As a German currency, a calque of German Mark. As a Finnish currency, a calque of Finnish markka. Cognate with Catalan marc and Spanish and Portuguese marco.


Londres

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Londres, borrowed from Old French Londres, possibly from Old English Lunden, possibly from Latin Londinium.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


cabeza

From Old Galician-Portuguese cabeça, from Vulgar Latin capitia, from the neuter plural (reanalyzed as a feminine singular) of Latin capitium, diminutive of caput (“head”). Cognate with Portuguese cabeça and Spanish cabeza.


continente

Learned borrowing from Latin continens, continentem.


Líbano

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Cantabria

[kɑn̪ˈt̪a.β̞ɾjɐ]

Cantabria (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


riba

From Old Galician-Portuguese riba, from Latin ripa (“bank”).


Galicia

From Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a tribe in the region”).

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


bullo

(geography) muddy well, spring or puddle


Sevilla

[s̺eˈβ̞i.ɟɐ]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Sevilha, from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”). Compare Portuguese Sevilha.

der

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Murcia

Murcia (an autonomous community and province in southeast Spain)


Cataluña

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Aragón

Aragon (an autonomous community of Spain)


País Vasco

Basque Country (an autonomous community of Spain)


Navarra

Navarre (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Praga

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Irán

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


portugués

gl-adj

portugués (feminine portuguesa, masculine plural portugueses, feminine plural portuguesas)

portuguesa (feminine)
portugueses (masculine plural)
portuguesas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese portuguees, portugaes, from the older form portogales: Portugal + -és.

Portuguese (relating to Portugal, its people, or language)


andorrano

andorrano (feminine andorrana, masculine plural andorranos, feminine plural andorranas)

andorrana (feminine)
andorranos (masculine plural)
andorranas (feminine plural)


andorrano

gl-noun

andorrano m (plural andorranos, feminine andorrana, feminine plural andorranas)

andorranos (plural)
andorrana (feminine)
andorranas (feminine plural)


Berlín

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


Andalucía

Andalusia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Letonia

Latvia (a country in Eastern Europe; capital and largest city: Riga)


Eslovenia

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Croacia

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


París

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


roca

From Old Galician-Portuguese roca (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria) borrowed from Old Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of unknown origin. Doublet of rocha.


cabo

From Old Galician-Portuguese cabo, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head, source”).


Afganistán

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Copenhague

Ultimately from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


República Checa

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


praia

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese praia, from Medieval Latin plagia, possibly from Latin plaga + Ancient Greek πλάγῐος (plágĭos).

etymon

beach (shore of a body of water, especially when sandy or pebbly)


Ulla

Attested as Ulla in Classical Latin (Pomponius Mela) and as Ulia during the Middle Ages. From a substrate language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *u̥lHyeh₂, from the zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind”).

der

A village in Maceda parish, Palas de Rei, Lugo, Galicia

A village in Berres parish, A Estrada, Pontevedra, Galicia


tonelada

From tonel (“tun”) + -ada (“-ful”), from Old French tonel (“little tun, cask”), from tone + -el (“-elle: forming diminutives”), from Late Latin tunna (“tun”), from Proto-Celtic *tunna (“hide, skin”). Cognate with Portuguese and Spanish tonelada.

metric ton, a unit of mass equal to exactly 1000 kg

English or American ton, a unit of mass equivalent to about 1016 or 907 kg respectively

(historical) tonelada, Spanish ton, a traditional unit of mass equivalent to about 920 kg


península

Learned borrowing from Latin paenīnsula (“peninsula”), from paene (“almost”), and īnsula (“island”).


Moscova

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Nápoles

From Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from νέα πόλις (néa pólis, “new city”).

Naples (a city and province, the regional capital of Campania, Italy)


Xibraltar

[ʃi.β̞ɾɑl̪ˈt̪aɾ]

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Arabia Saudita

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


lisboeta

gl-noun

lisboeta m or f by sense (plural lisboetas)

Lisboner (native or inhabitant of Lisbon)


Chequia

República Checa
República Checa#Galician

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe; official name: República Checa)


océano Atlántico

Atlantic Ocean (the ocean lying between the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east)

oceans: océano: océano Antártico · océano Ártico · océano Atlántico · océano Índico · océano Pacífico [edit]


birmano

gl-adj

birmano (feminine birmana, masculine plural birmanos, feminine plural birmanas)

birmana (feminine)
birmanos (masculine plural)
birmanas (feminine plural)


birmano

gl-noun

birmano m (plural birmanos, feminine birmana, feminine plural birmanas)

birmanos (plural)
birmana (feminine)
birmanas (feminine plural)


Bután

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


Cabo Verde

[ˈkɑ.β̞ʊ ˈβ̞eɾ.ð̞ɪ]

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Estrasburgo

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Países Baixos

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Bretaña

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Bretanha, from Latin Britannia.

inh+

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Edimburgo

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


EUA

Estados Unidos da América
Estados Unidos da América#Galician

USA (a country in North America); initialism of Estados Unidos da América (“United States of America”)


Estados Unidos de América

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


Marrocos

From Old Galician-Portuguese Marrocos (“Marrakech”), from Arabic مَرَّاكُش (marrākuš).


Asturias

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Serra Leoa

Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone#English:_Q1044


cantil

15th century. From canto (“rim, border”) + -il.


Turquía

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


eurozona

Derived from euro- (“Euro-”) + zona (“zone”).


regato

Rego (“stream”) + -ato, a diminituve suffix.

Adios rios, adios fontes,
Adios regatos pequenos,
Adios vista dos meus ollos
Non sei cando nos veremos.

1861, Rosalia de Castro, Cantares Gallegos:

Farewell, rivers; farewell, fountains;
Farewell, little brooks;
Farewell, sight of my eyes
I don't know when we'll meet again


páramo

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, compare local Latin parămus, from a superlative of Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before”) meaning "the highest" vel sim. Cognate with, for example, Pali parama (“superior, excellent”).
This same element is present in Hispanic autochthonous personal names (Anparamo), theonyms (Paramaecus) and toponyms (Paramica) recorded in Roman inscriptions, or by Greek or Roman authors.

mesa, plateau, high wasteland or moorland


fanega

From Spanish fanega attested from the 13th century, from Andalusian Arabic فَنِيقَة (faníqa, “sack”), from Arabic.

der

English or American bushel, a dry measure

Desa leira tirei eu o ano pasado vinte fanegas de trigo. Cen ferrados.

That field gave last year 20 fanegas of wheat. A hundred ferrados.

cen carros de pan entre trigo et centeo et vi armentios et iiii bois et ii uacas et La roxellos entre cabras et ouellas et oyto fanegas de ligoyma entre fuas et eruellas et ii ferrados de noses et vii anssaras et dos capoos et v galinas et ii porcas et iiii trens de nauios que tinna en pinor por vi centos mor.

1291, E. Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo. Transcrición íntegra dos documentos, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 78:

a hundred carts of grain, wheat and rye; and 6 cattle, 4 oxen and 2 cows; and 50 kids, sheep and goats; and eight fanegas of legume, beans and peas; and two ferrados of nuts; and 7 geese, and two capons and 5 hens and 2 sows; and 4 sails of ships that he had pawned for 600 mor.

tres fanegas, è decir quince ferrados de centeo
three fanegas, that is, fifteen ferrados or rye

1823, Pedro Boado Sánchez, Diálogo entre dos Labradores gallegos afligidos:

(historical) fanega, the Spanish bushel, a traditional dry measure, sometimes varying from the Castilian standards in Galician-speaking areas of Spain and closer to 60 L


Chipre

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


ribeira

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ribeira, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria.


Niza

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


baixo

From Old Galician-Portuguese baixo, from Late Latin bassus (“low, short”).


Xamaica

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


San Mariño

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Suíza

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Ucraína

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Cidade do Vaticano

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Bosnia e Hercegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Bélxica

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Alemaña

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Alamanha, from Latin Alemānnia,
from Proto-Germanic *Alamanniz.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Xordania

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Xeorxia

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Dorian segue a súa traxectoria cara a Florida con ventos de 175 km por hora. Despois chegará a Xeorxia e Carolina do sur.

2019 September 3, “O Furacán Dorian chegará á costa da Florida con menos forza”, in TVG:

Dorian follows its trajectory toward Florida with 175 km per hour winds. Afterward it will arrive at Georgia and South Carolina.

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Aquitania

Aquitaine (a historical region in France)


Hamburgo

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


estreito

From Old Galician-Portuguese estreito (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin strictus. Compare Portuguese estreito, Spanish estrecho and French étroit. Doublet of estrito, which was a borrowing.


Lacio

Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


quenlla

From Latin canalicula (“gutter”), diminutive of canālis (“channel”).


Véneto

Veneto (an administrative region of northern Italy, roughly corresponding to the ancient Venetia)


Guinea Ecuatorial

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Mauricio

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


Seúl

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Estremadura

autonomous community
autonomous community

Extremadura (an autonomous community of Spain)


Filadelfia

Philadelphia (a large city in the United States)


Iemen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Pequín

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Tolosa

From Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Nixeria

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Acerbaixán

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


lagoa

13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese lagõa, from Latin lacūna (“pit”), from Latin lacus (“lake”).


vao

From Old Galician-Portuguese vao, from Latin vadum (“ford”), from Proto-Italic *waðom, from Proto-Indo-European *wh₂dʰóm, from *weh₂dʰ-.


A Rioxa

La Rioja (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


O Salvador

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Exipto

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Costa do Marfil

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Níxer

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)

Niger (a major river in West Africa, that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Sardeña

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Ámsterdam

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


Normandía

administrative region
administrative region

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


Lombardía

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


vilancico

From Spanish villancico, from villano (“peasant”), from Medieval Latin vīllānus (“villager”).

(music, poetry) villancico (traditional Spanish or Portuguese folk song)


Istambul

Istanbul (the largest city and province of Turkey)


Nova Hampshire

New Hampshire (a state of the United States)


Novo México

New Mexico (a state of the United States)


insua

From the earlier ynsoa, from Old Galician-Portuguese insua, inssoa, from Latin īnsula (“island”). Cognate with Portuguese ínsua and Spanish isla.

islet, eyot, holm; peninsula; place totally or partially surrounded by rivers and waters


Comunidade Valenciana

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain)


eurodeputado

gl-noun

eurodeputado m (plural eurodeputados, feminine eurodeputada, feminine plural eurodeputadas)

eurodeputados (plural)
eurodeputada (feminine)
eurodeputadas (feminine plural)

(politics) MEP (Member of the European Parliament)


Camberra

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Columbia Británica

British Columbia
British Columbia#English


Marsella

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Eo

Attested as Euue during the Middle Ages. As most Galician river names, from a substrate language. Doublet of Ove, a riverside parish.

A river in Galicia, Spain. Its estuary marks part of the border between Galicia and Asturias


océano Ártico

Arctic Ocean (an ocean in the northern polar regions)


océano Antártico

Antarctic Ocean, Southern Ocean (an ocean in the southern polar regions)


corgo

Attested in local Medieval Latin documents as corrego, from local Vulgar Latin (documented by Pliny the Elder as corrugus), from a local Indo-European substrate language. Cognate with Portuguese córrego and Spanish cuérrago.


Mera

Unknown. From a substrate language. Compare also Spanish Miera and Italian Mera.
It is registered also as the ancient name of a number of other rivers and rivulets throughout Galicia.

A river in Ortigueira, A Coruña, Galicia


europarlamentario

europarlamentario m (plural europarlamentarios, feminine europarlamentaria, feminine plural europarlamentarias)

europarlamentarios (plural)
europarlamentaria (feminine)
europarlamentarias (feminine plural)


Miño

Attested as Miino in the 13th century, from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia.


Casaquistán

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Banco Central Europeo

European Central Bank
European Central Bank

European Central Bank (central bank for the European Union)


Sar

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Sar, from Medieval Latin Saris, from Sars, from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia; a root noun from the Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to flow”).


Tambre

A hydronym, from an older Tamar, attested in Medieval Latin as Tamare and Tamara, attested in Classical Latin as Tamaris, and in Ancient Greek as Ταμάρα (Tamára). From a substrate language, probably from Celtic, from Proto-Indo-European *tm̥Hrós, from *temH- (“dark”); or alternatively from Proto-Celtic *tamo- (compare Welsh tawdd (“melts”)) or Proto-Celtic *tā-, *tāyo- (“to melt, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt”), or from Proto-Indo-European *tm̥h₁-ró-, from the zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”). See also English Thames, Tamar and German Zembs.

A river in Galicia, Spain. It flows some 125 km to the Atlantic Ocean near Noia


Támega

A hydronym, attested in Medieval Latin as Tamice. An *-ikos suffixed form, from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, probably from Proto-Celtic, from Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark”); or alternatively from Proto-Celtic *tā-, *tāyo- (“to melt, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt”). See also Thames.
Cognate with Portuguese Tâmega.

an international river flowing 145 km from the Serra de San Mamede mountain range in Galicia, to the Douro river in Entre-os-Rios, Portugal


Támoga

A hydronym, attested in Medieval Latin as Tamega. An *-ikos suffixed form, from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, probably from Proto-Celtic, from Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark”); or alternatively from Proto-Celtic *tā-, *tāyo- (“to melt, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt”). See also Thames.

a river flowing 25 km to the Minho river in Cospeito, Galicia


Tamuxe

A hydronym, attested in the 15th century as Tamuja. A suffixed form from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, probably from Proto-Celtic, from Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark”); or alternatively from Proto-Celtic *tā-, *tāyo- (“to melt, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt”). See also Thames.

a river flowing 15 km to the Minho river in O Rosal, Galicia


regueiro

From Old Galician-Portuguese regueiro (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from rego + -eiro. Compare Spanish reguero.


Navia

Attested as Navia in Classical Latin (Pliny). From a Celtic or pre-Celtic substrate language, ultimately a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us (“boat”), *(s)neh₂- (“to swim”), perhaps meaning "navigable" (cf. Proto-Indo-Iranian *naHwiyás).
Cognate, among others, with the rivers Nahe ( < Nava) in Germany and Noe ( < Navio) in England.

A river in Spain. It flows for some 160 km from Galicia to the Bay of Biscay in Asturias. In Roman times it marked the boundary in between Gallaeci and Astures


Camba

From a local Celtic substrate language: from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to curve”). Compare German Chamb, a river in Germany and Czechia.

der

A river in Ourense, Galicia, which flows for some 56 km before draining into the Bibei, a subaffluent of the Minho river


Dubra

A hydronym, attested in medieval local Latin documents as Dubria, from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, from Proto-Celtic *dubros (“dark, water”).


chaira

→ Spanish: chaira

From proto-Galician *chãaira, from Latin plānāria (“planar”), from Latin plānus (“flat”).


Arteixo

Attested as Artasio in 942; from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, perhaps from Celtic.


caivanca

From older cavianca, attested in local Latin documents since 940 CE, perhaps from Latin cavea (“hollow, cavity”) and a substrate prefix -anca.


serrapio

Unknown. Probably from a substrate language. Attested as sarrapio in local Medieval charters since the 10th century.


valigoto

An obscure derivative or compound, from val (“valley”).


Nantón

From Proto-Celtic *nanto- (“stream, valley”); attested since the ninth century, as toponym and as hydronym.


Almofrei

From Late Latin Ermefredi, genitive of the personal name Ermefredus, from a Suevic or Gothic personal name, from Proto-Germanic *Ermunafriþuz, from Proto-Germanic *ermunaz (“strong; whole”) and *friþuz (“peace”).

A river in Pontevedra, Galicia; formerly river Bora


antieuropeísmo

gl-noun

antieuropeísmo m (plural antieuropeísmos)


Asma

From a substrate language, from a hydronym *Apsma, from Proto-Celtic *apsa (“brook”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water”).

Santa Cristina de Asma
Santa Cristina de Asma#English

Santa Cristina de Asma (a parish of Carballedo, Lugo, Galicia)

San Fiz de Asma (a parish of Chantada, Lugo, Galicia)

San Salvador de Asma
San Salvador de Asma#English

San Salvador de Asma (a parish of Chantada, Lugo, Galicia)

San Xurxo de Asma
San Xurxo de Asma#English

San Xurxo de Asma (a parish of Chantada, Lugo, Galicia)

Santa Uxía de Asma
Santa Uxía de Asma#English

Santa Uxía de Asma (a parish of Chantada, Lugo, Galicia)

Nogueira de Asma
Nogueira de Asma#English

Nogueira de Asma (a village in Cicillón parish, Taboada, Lugo, Galicia)


Barbanza

From a substrate language, from a Celtic hydronym *Barvantia, "boiling", from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥u̯n̥ti̯ah₂, from *bʰerw- (“to boil”). Compare Galician fervenza (“cascade, waterfall”), which could be a Romance calque of a pre-Latin noun.

A river in A Coruña, Galicia
A comarca in A Coruña, Galicia

A Pobra do Caramiñal
A Pobra do Caramiñal#English

Ponte Barbanza (a village in Posmarcos parish, A Pobra do Caramiñal, A Coruña, Galicia)


Avia

From a substrate language, from a hydronym *Awya, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₁- (“run”). Compare Welsh awel (“wind”), from Proto-Celtic *awelā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₁eleh₂.

A river in Ourense, Galicia. A tributary to the Minho


Berbia

From a substrate language, probably from Proto-Celtic *berwyā (compare Welsh berw (“to boil”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerwyeh₂, from *bʰerw- (“to boil”). Berbia is also the name of other rivulets in Galicia.

Santo Adrián de Castro
Santo Adrián de Castro#English

A village in Santo Adrián de Castro parish, Zas, A Coruña, Galicia


Chamoso

A river in Lugo, Galicia. A tributary to the Minho

an ancient county comprising most of its basin

San Bartolomeu de Chamoso
San Bartolomeu de Chamoso#English

San Bartolomeu de Chamoso (a parish of O Corgo, Lugo, Galicia)

Santo André de Chamoso
Santo André de Chamoso#English

Santo André de Chamoso (a parish of O Corgo, Lugo, Galicia)

A village in Paradela parish, O Corgo, Lugo, Galicia


Umbría

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


fondal

From fondo + -al. Compare Italian fondale.


cotarelo

From cótaro + -elo, from a substrate language; compare coto.


lamazal

From Old Galician-Portuguese lamaçal, from *lamaza (from lama, "mud") + -al. Compare Portuguese lamaçal.


choqueiro

/t͡ʃɔˈkejɾʊ/

(geography) a soaked terrain, or a terrain with heavy soil


Illas Baleares

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Balearic Islands (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Illas Canarias

From Latin insula canaria (“Canary Islands”, literally “island of the dogs”), from canarius (“of dogs”).

Canary Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


Castela-A Mancha

Castile-La Mancha
Castile-La Mancha#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Castile-La Mancha (an autonomous community of Spain)


Castela e León

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Castile and León (an autonomous community of Spain)


Abruzos

administrative region
administrative region

Abruzzo (an administrative region in central Italy)


Comunidade de Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)


Saxonia

From Late Latin Saxonia, from Latin Saxo.


Río de Xaneiro

Rio de Janeiro (a municipality, the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

Rio de Janeiro (a state of the Southeast Region, Brazil)


Os Ánxeles

Los Angeles (a city in California, United States)


vaganta

[bɑˈɣ̞ɑn̪.t̪ɐ]

[bɑˈɣ̞ɑn̪.t̪ɐ]

[bɑˈħɑn̪.t̪ɐ]

Unknown. Perhaps from a substrate language or either a blend of garganta (“gorge”) and other term.


afrobrasileiro

gl-adj

afrobrasileiro (feminine afrobrasileira, masculine plural afrobrasileiros, feminine plural afrobrasileiras)

afrobrasileira (feminine)
afrobrasileiros (masculine plural)
afrobrasileiras (feminine plural)


carronzo

Unknown. Probably from a substrate language.


barronca

Unknown. Probably from a substrate language: see barro (“clay; mud”).


fondeiro

fondeiro (feminine fondeira, masculine plural fondeiros, feminine plural fondeiras)

fondeira (feminine)
fondeiros (masculine plural)
fondeiras (feminine plural)

(geography) which is at or near the bottom


Nova Zelandia

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)