abduction

Learned borrowing from Latin abductiō(n) (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results).

lbor

(physiology) abductive movement; abduction

(logic, computing) abductive reasoning; abduction


aberrance

(statistics) character of what is aberrant


aberrant

fr-adj

aberrant (feminine aberrante, masculine plural aberrants, feminine plural aberrantes)

aberrante (feminine)
aberrants (masculine plural)
aberrantes (feminine plural)

From Latin aberrant-, stem of aberrāns, present active participle of aberrō (“go astray; err”).

(sciences) which is impossible according to the norms or rules


aberration

Unadapted borrowing from Latin aberrātiō(n) (“relief, diversion”), from aberr(ā) (“wander away, go astray”) (from ab (“away”) + errō (“wander”)) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Compare English aberration.


ablactation

(medicine) Interruption in secretion of breast milk, usually caused by a hormonal imbalance

(medicine, archaic) the weaning of a child


ablation

→ Dutch: ablatie


nu

fr-adj

nu (feminine nue, masculine plural nus, feminine plural nues)

nue (feminine)
nus (masculine plural)
nues (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French nu, from Latin nūdus, from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós.


accorder

accorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accordant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
accordé (participle past)
accorde (first-person indicative present singular)
accordes (indicative present second-person singular)
accorde (indicative present singular third-person)
accordons (first-person indicative plural present)
accordez (indicative plural present second-person)
accordent (indicative plural present third-person)
accordais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accordais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accordait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accordions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accordiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accordaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accordai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
accordas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
accorda (historic indicative past singular third-person)
accordâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
accordâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
accordèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
accorderai (first-person future indicative singular)
accorderas (future indicative second-person singular)
accordera (future indicative singular third-person)
accorderons (first-person future indicative plural)
accorderez (future indicative plural second-person)
accorderont (future indicative plural third-person)
accorderais (conditional first-person singular)
accorderais (conditional second-person singular)
accorderait (conditional singular third-person)
accorderions (conditional first-person plural)
accorderiez (conditional plural second-person)
accorderaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
accorde (first-person present singular subjunctive)
accordes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
accorde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
accordions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
accordiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
accordent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
accordasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
accordasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accordât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accordassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
accordassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accordassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accorde (imperative second-person singular)
accordons (first-person imperative plural)
accordez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: acorda

Inherited from Middle French accorder, from Old French acorder, from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, derived from Latin cor (“heart”). By surface analysis, accord + -er.


avatar

From Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तरति (√tṝ, “to cross”).


FAC

(algebraic geometry) Initialism of Faisceaux Algébriques Cohérents (a landmark paper by Jean-Pierre Serre)


langue

Haitian Creole: lang

Karipúna Creole French: lang

desc

Louisiana Creole: lang, lalanng, lalongn, lalangn, lalang, long

Seychellois Creole: lalang

→ English: langue

Inherited from Middle French langue, from Old French langue, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).
See cognates in regional languages in France: Champenois laingue, Norman laungue, Gallo lenghe, Picard lingue, Bourguignon laingue, Franco-Provençal lengoua, Occitan lenga, Corsican lingua.

inh

tourner sa langue sept fois dans sa bouche

tourner sept fois sa langue dans sa bouche

la langue dans la bouche

la langue maternelle

une langue étrangère

Elle parle trois langues.

faire parler la langue française

(linguistics) language (system of communication using written or spoken words)


inflation

Inherited from Old French inflation, borrowed from Latin īnflātiōnem. Cf. also the dialectal enflaison, which may be of popular origin.


indice

Borrowed from Latin indicium, from indicō (“point out, indicate, show”).


Romania

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía).

bor+

(academic, historical, linguistics) the Romance speaking areas of Europe


accent

→ Norwegian Bokmål: accent

→ Turkish: aksan

Inherited from Middle French accent, from Old French acent, accent, borrowed from Latin accentus (“accent, tone, accentuation”).


dictionnaire

Haitian Creole: diksyonè

desc

Louisiana Creole: diksyonær, diksyonè, diksyonèr

→ Dutch: dictionaire

→ German: Diktionär

→ Franco-Provençal: diccionèro

→ Luxembourgish: Dictionnaire

→ Romanian: dicționar

→ Turkish: diksiyoner

Inherited from Middle French dictionnaire, borrowed from Medieval Latin dictiōnārium (“dictionary”), derived from Latin dictiō (“saying, speaking”) + -ārium.

bor

associative array
associative array#English

(computing) dictionary (an associative array)


zipper

zipper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
zippant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
zippé (participle past)
zippe (first-person indicative present singular)
zippes (indicative present second-person singular)
zippe (indicative present singular third-person)
zippons (first-person indicative plural present)
zippez (indicative plural present second-person)
zippent (indicative plural present third-person)
zippais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
zippais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
zippait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
zippions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
zippiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
zippaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
zippai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
zippas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
zippa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
zippâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
zippâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
zippèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
zipperai (first-person future indicative singular)
zipperas (future indicative second-person singular)
zippera (future indicative singular third-person)
zipperons (first-person future indicative plural)
zipperez (future indicative plural second-person)
zipperont (future indicative plural third-person)
zipperais (conditional first-person singular)
zipperais (conditional second-person singular)
zipperait (conditional singular third-person)
zipperions (conditional first-person plural)
zipperiez (conditional plural second-person)
zipperaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
zippe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
zippes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
zippe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
zippions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
zippiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
zippent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
zippasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
zippasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
zippât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
zippassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
zippassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
zippassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
zippe (imperative second-person singular)
zippons (first-person imperative plural)
zippez (imperative plural second-person)


nature

Inherited from Middle French nature, Old French nature, borrowed from Latin nātūra.


triangle

Borrowed from Latin triangulum. By surface analysis, tri- + angle.

triangle équilatéral

triangle isocèle


article

→ Romanian: articol (partly)

→ Russian: артикль (artiklʹ)

Inherited from Old French article, borrowed from Latin articulus. Compare the inherited doublet orteil.


interjection

Inherited from Old French interjection, borrowed from Latin interiectiōnem.


mikado

Borrowed from Japanese 御門 (mikado), from 御 (mi, “honorable”) + 門 (kado, “gate, portal”).

com

(history) mikado, a former title of the emperors of Japan during a certain period


angle

Inherited from Middle French angle, from Old French angle, from Latin angulus, anglus.

La mesure d'un angle droit est égale à 90 degrés.

The measure of a right angle is equal to 90 degrees.


argument

Borrowed from Latin argūmentum, from arguō (“prove, argue”).

(grammar) argument of a verb, phrase syntactically connected to a verb (object and subject)


finale

(linguistics) final phoneme (final phoneme in a syllable. Often used in the study of Chinese languages)

(grammar) final letter, final syllable (last letter of a word, or last syllable of a sentence)


homophone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος (homóphōnos, “speaking the same language, making the same sound, in agreement, in unison”), from ὁμο- (homo-, “same”) + -φωνος (-phōnos, “with respect to language or sound”), a suffix derived from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, language”), in the linguistic sense coined by French philologist Jean-François Champollion 1822 (for the adjective) and 1824 (for the noun).


chromosome

19th century: chromo- + -some, from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”) (because they are stained under the microscope).


face

→ Luxembourgish: Face

Inherited from Middle French and Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs (“face, shape”). Doublet of faciès.


bouton

Antillean Creole: bouton

→ Bulgarian: бутон (buton)

→ English: bouton

→ Khmer: ប៊ូតុង (buutong)

→ Malagasy: bokotra

→ Romanian: buton

→ Russian: бутон (buton)

→ Turkish: buton

Inherited from Middle French bouton, boton, from Old French bouton, boton (“button, bud”), from Vulgar Latin *bautōnem, accusative of bautō, from Frankish *bautō (“that which pushes up, bump, knob”), from Proto-West Germanic *bautan (“to beat, push”). By surface analysis, bouter (“to push”) + -on.
Cognate with Old High German bōzo (“bundle, flaxbundle”), Old Saxon bōto (“bunch or bundle of flaxs”). Compare Italian bottone, Spanish botón, which are borrowings of the French word.

cog

(pathology, dermatology) pimple, spot, zit


usage

From Latin ūsus + -age. Compare Medieval Latin usagium.

(lexicography) the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority)


simple

→ Romanian: simplu

Inherited from Old French, borrowed from Latin simplex.

futur simple

passé simple

Coordinate term: complexe

phrase simple

Coordinate term: composé

corps simple

(grammar)
(chemistry) simple, uncompounded


cloud

(computing, Anglicism, with le) the cloud


balance

→ Romanian: balanță

→ Russian: бала́нс (baláns)

→ Spanish: balance

→ Ukrainian: бала́нс (baláns)

Inherited from Middle French balance, from Old French balance, from Vulgar Latin *bilancia, from Latin bilanx, from bi- (see Latin bis) and lanx.

(economics, electricity, politics) balance


vif

fr-adj

vif (feminine vive, masculine plural vifs, feminine plural vives)

vive (feminine)
vifs (masculine plural)
vives (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French vif, from Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).


œil

yeux (plural)
œils (plural)
oeil (alternative nonstandard)

Saint Dominican Creole French: z'yeu

Haitian Creole: zye

Inherited from Middle French œil, from Old French oil, uel, ueil (plural olz, ialz), from Vulgar Latin oclus, from Latin oculus. Doublet of oculus, a borrowing. Cognate with Spanish ojo, Portuguese olho, Galician ollo, Italian occhio, Romanian ochi and Catalan ull. For the phonetic development of the plural, see yeux.

tenir à quelque chose comme à la prunelle de ses yeux

(anatomy, plural yeux) eye, organ that is sensitive to light, helping organisms to see


augment

L'augment syllabique consiste en l’addition d’une syllabe ; l'augment temporel, dans le changement d’une brève en longue.

Syllabic augment consists of the addition of a syllable; temporal augment in changing it from short to long.


apostrophe

Borrowed from Latin apostropha, apostrophe, from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ), from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “to turn away”), from ἀπό (apó) + στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).

vocative expression
vocative expression#English


hyperbole

→ Romanian: hiperbolă, iperbolă

→ Turkish: hiperbol

→ Vietnamese: hypebol

From Middle French hyperbole, yperbole, a learned borrowing from Latin hyperbolē, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ, “excess, exaggeration”).

der

Coordinate term: parabole


instrumental

→ Turkish: enstrümantal

Learned borrowing from Late Latin īnstrūmentālis. By surface analysis, instrument + -al.

lbor

(grammar) instrumental case, instrumental


cardinal

fr-adj

cardinal (feminine cardinale, masculine plural cardinaux, feminine plural cardinales)

cardinale (feminine)
cardinaux (masculine plural)
cardinales (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin cardinālis.

Coordinate term: ordinal


cardinal

Coordinate term: ordinal


rein

Inherited from Middle French rein, from Old French rein, from the plural reins, from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).


cœur

Antillean Creole: kè

Haitian Creole: kè, kœ

→ Polish: kier

Inherited from Middle French coeur, from Old French cuer, from Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.


dev

(computing) Synonym of développeur (“dev”)


ogre

→ Asturian: ogru

→ Catalan: ogre

→ Dutch: oger

→ English: ogre

→ German: Oger

→ Hungarian: ogre

→ Japanese: オーガ (ōga)

→ Korean: 오거 (ogeo)

→ Malayalam: ഓഗർ (ōgaṟ)

→ Polish: ogr

→ Portuguese: ogro, ogre

→ Spanish: ogro

Inherited from Old French ogre, itself probably an alteration, with influence from words like bougre, of an earlier form *orc, from Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”), with metathesis. According to the Trésor de la langue française informatisé, first attested in the late 12th century meaning 'fierce non-Christian', and ca. 1300 meaning 'human-eating giant' (in fairy tales). Cognate with Old Spanish huerco (“the Devil”), Spanish huerco (“depressed man in the dark”), Italian orco (“ogre, orc”). Doublet of orque.
See also French lutin (“imp, pixie”), possibly from Old French netun (“marine monster”), derived from Latin Neptūnus, and also Old French gene (“mischievous fairy”) and Romanian zână (“fairy”), both inherited forms of Latin Diāna. A sermon by Merovingian French bishop St. Eligius (died 659) advises people against belief in Neptune, Diana, Orcus and Minerva.


taureau

Inherited from Old French torel, a derivation of tor, taur, from Latin taurus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


personne

Inherited from Middle French personne, from Old French persone, presonne, from Latin persona, of unknown, perhaps Etruscan, origin.

première personne

deuxième personne

troisième personne


pied

Haitian Creole: pye

Inherited from Middle French pied, from Old French pié, from Latin pedem. The -d was added to the spelling in Middle French after the Latin form.
Cognate with Italian piede, Catalan peu, Spanish pie, Portuguese pé, and further with English foot, Lithuanian pėda, Persian پا (pâ) etc.


transparent

fr-adj

transparent (feminine transparente, masculine plural transparents, feminine plural transparentes)

transparente (feminine)
transparents (masculine plural)
transparentes (feminine plural)

→ Turkish: transparan

Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānspārentem (“transparent”), present participle of transpareō, from Latin trāns + pareō.

bor+

un mot transparent

(linguistics) having the same meaning in several languages


langage

langages (plural)
language (alternative archaic misspelling)

Haitian Creole: langaj

→ English: langaj

Mauritian Creole: langaz

Louisiana Creole: langaj

→ Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)

Inherited from Middle French language, from Old French language, from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”) (whence langue). By surface analysis, langue + -age.

inh

programming language
programming language


rectangle

Borrowed from Medieval Latin or Late Latin rectangulum.

un triangle rectangle

un parallélépipède rectangle

(geometry) right-angled (of a geometric figure)


pair

fr-adj

pair (feminine paire, masculine plural pairs, feminine plural paires)

paire (feminine)
pairs (masculine plural)
paires (feminine plural)

fonction paire

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis


tangent

tangent (feminine tangente, masculine plural tangents, feminine plural tangentes)

tangente (feminine)
tangents (masculine plural)
tangentes (feminine plural)


exponentiation

(mathematics) exponentiation (process of calculating a power by multiplying together a number of equal factors, where the exponent specifies the number of factors to multiply)


affect

(psychology, philosophy) affect; emotion


radius

Borrowed from Latin radius. Doublet of rai, which was inherited.


virgule

→ Romanian: virgulă

→ Turkish: virgül

→ Persian: ویرگول (virgul)

→ Azerbaijani: vergül

→ Uzbek: vergul

Borrowed from Latin virgula, diminutive of virga (“rod, branch”).

En Europe continentale, la virgule permet de noter la partie décimale; pi vaut environ 3,1415.

In continental Europe, the comma is used to denote the decimal part; pi is about 3.1415.

(mathematics) decimal comma (see usage notes)


arc

Inherited from Old French arc, from Latin arcus (“bow, arch”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷo-.

(geometry) arc, circular arc, circle segment


atlas

→ Romanian: atlas

→ Turkish: atlas


Zeus

→ Vietnamese: Dớt

→ Persian: زئوس (ze'us)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).


type

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin typus, from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos).


plan

→ Central Franconian: Plan

Hunsrik: Plaan

→ German: Plan

→ Norwegian Bokmål: plan

→ Luxembourgish: Plang

→ Ottoman Turkish: پلان
Turkish: plan

→ Persian: پلان (pelân)

→ Polish: plan
→ Kashubian: plan

From earlier plant, derived from the verb planter, or from Latin planus. Doublet of plant or plain, depending on which etymology is right.


Bretagne

→ Greek: Βρετάνη (Vretáni)

→ Russian: Брета́нь (Bretánʹ)

From Old French Bretaigne, from Latin Britannia.

(history) Britannia (the island of Britain in historic times, especially as a Roman province)


ADN

La police a recours à l'analyse ADN pour identifier les criminels.

Police resort to DNA analysis in order to identify criminals.

acide désoxyribonucléique
acide désoxyribonucléique#French

(biology, genetics) Initialism of acide désoxyribonucléique (“DNA”).


roman

fr-adj

roman (feminine romane, masculine plural romans, feminine plural romanes)

romane (feminine)
romans (masculine plural)
romanes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin romanusor derived from the French noun below, itself from Old French romanz (“common language”).


sein

au sein

Inherited from Old French sein, inherited from Latin sinus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sinos. Doublet of sinus. Compare Italian seno, Romanian sân, Romansch sain, Portuguese seio, Spanish seno.

sur votre jeune sein laissez rouler ma tête

Elle a de gros seins


timbre

→ Hausa: tambur

→ Khmer: តែម (taem)

desctree

→ Iranian Persian: تَمْبْر (tambr), تمر (tamr) (colloquial)
→ Azerbaijani: təmr

→ Luxembourgish: Timber

→ Moroccan Arabic: تنبر (tanbar)

→ Vietnamese: tem

Inherited from Old French timbre, via Byzantine Greek, from Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum”). Less likely a direct descendant of Latin tympanum. Doublet of tympan.


bureau

→ Brazilian Portuguese: birô

→ Catalan: buró

→ Crimean Tatar: büro

→ Dutch: bureau

→ Danish: bureau

→ English: bureau

→ German: Büro

→ Haitian Creole: biwo

→ Lingala: biló

→ Norwegian Bokmål: byrå

→ Piedmontese: burò

→ Polish: biuro

→ Romanian: birou

→ Russian: бюро́ (bjuró)

→ Sedang: bơrô

→ Serbo-Croatian: biro

→ Spanish: buró

→ Swedish: byrå

→ Tamil: பீரோ (pīrō)

→ Turkish: büro

Inherited from Old French burel, diminutive of *bure (compare Middle French bure (“coarse woolen cloth”), French bourre (“hair, fluff”)), from Late Latin burra (“wool, fluff, shaggy cloth, coarse fabric”); akin to Ancient Greek βερβέριον (berbérion, “shabby garment”).

cog

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(computing, graphical user interface) desktop (on-screen background)


corpus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin corpus (“body”). Doublet of corps.


nymphe

→ Turkish: nemf

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French nimphe, borrowed from Latin nympha or nymphē (“nymph”), from Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē, “young woman, nymph”).


final

fr-adj

final (feminine finale, masculine plural finals or finaux, feminine plural finales)

finale (feminine)
finals (masculine plural)
finaux (masculine plural)
finales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: final

→ Turkish: final

(linguistics, grammar) expressing purpose


corps

Karipúna Creole French: kó

→ Danish: korps

→ English: corps

→ Dutch: corps, korps

→ German: Korps

→ Norwegian Bokmål: korps

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: korps

→ Romanian: corp (in part)

→ Swedish: kår

Inherited from Middle French cors, from Old French cors, inherited from Latin corpus (“body”). The p was added back to reflect the Latin etymology. Doublet of corpus.

(mathematics) field (in abstract algebra)


mode

Inherited from Middle French mode, from Old French mode f, ultimately from Latin modus m. The masculine gender was reintroduced for some senses during the Middle French period under influence of the Latin. Doublet of mœuf.


crack

(computing) crack (program or procedure designed to circumvent restrictions)


glottal

glottal (feminine glottale, masculine plural glottaux, feminine plural glottales)

glottale (feminine)
glottaux (masculine plural)
glottales (feminine plural)

Derived from glott(e) (“glottis”) + -al (“-al”, adjectival derivational suffix).

af

(phonetics) articulated with the glottis, glottal


adresse

Inherited from Middle French [Term?], from Old French adrece, from Old French adresser. Equivalent to a deverbal from adresser.

(computing) address (location or instructions to location a piece of data)


quarantaine

→ Danish: karantæne

→ Dutch: quarantaine

→ German: Quarantäne

→ Swedish: karantän

From quarante + -aine, the medical sense a calque of Italian quarantena.

(medicine) quarantine (isolation to prevent contamination)


calque

→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)

→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)

→ Czech: kalk

→ English: calque

→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)

→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)

→ Latvian: kalks

→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)

→ Polish: kalka

→ Romanian: calc

→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)

→ Slovak: kalk

→ Slovene: kalk

→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)

→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)

Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).


liaison

→ English: liaison

→ Italian: liaison

Inherited from Old French, from Late Latin ligātiōnem, derived from Latin ligō (“bind”), or formed from lier + -aison based on the Latin word. Compare also Old Occitan liazó, liazon.

(linguistics) liaison (phonological phenomenon)


sphinx

fr-noun

sphinx m (plural sphinx, feminine sphinge)

Borrowed from Latin sphinx f, from Ancient Greek Σφίγξ (Sphínx).

(Egyptian mythology, Greek mythology) sphinx


bride

→ Portuguese: brida

Inherited from Middle French bride, from Old French bride (“rein, bridle”), from Middle High German brīdel (“rein, bridle”), from Old High German brīdil (“rein, bridle”) (compare also Old High German brittil (“rein, strap”), French bretelle), from Proto-West Germanic *brigdil (“bridle”).
Compare Spanish brida, Italian briglia. More at bridle.

der

à cheval donné on ne regarde pas la bride


gnome

fr-noun

gnome m (plural gnomes, feminine gnomide or gnomesse or gnomette)

gnomes (plural)
gnomide (feminine)
gnomesse (feminine)
gnomette (feminine)

→ Danish: gnom

→ English: gnome

→ Norwegian Bokmål: gnom

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: gnom

From New Latin gnomus, not attested classically. .


variable

(mathematics) variable (quantity that may assume any one of a set of values)


yin-yang

(Chinese philosophy) yin-yang (opposite principles in Chinese philosophy)


aperture

Borrowed from Latin apertūra (“opening”). Doublet of ouverture.

bor+

(phonetics, phonology) opening, openness, aperture


gland

Inherited from Old French glant, from Latin glandem.

Brise-cul, vingt-huit ans, l'air d'un satyre, son vit est tortu ; la tête ou le gland en est énorme : il a huit pouces trois lignes de tour, et le corps du vit huit pouces sur seize de long ; ce vit majestueux est absolument cambré.

1785, Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, translated by Austryn Wainhouse and Richard Seaver, Les 120 journées de Sodome, ou l'École du libertinage:

Bum-Cleaver, twenty-eight years old, has the look of a satyr; his majestic prick is bent saber fashion, its head, or glans, is enormous, it is eight and three-eighths inches in circumference and the shaft eight in length.

Comeronyms: corps caverneux, corps spongieux, frein, prépuce

Holonym: pénis

les papules perlées du gland

ellipsis of gland du pénis (“glans penis”)

Comeronym: capuchon du clitoris

Holonym: clitoris

gland du clitoris
gland du clitoris#French

ellipsis of gland du clitoris (“glans clitoridis”)

décalotter le gland

to uncover the glans penis or glans clitoridis by pulling back the foreskin or clitoral hood

recalotter le gland

to cover again the glans penis or glans clitoridis by pulling forward the foreskin or clitoral hood


futur

Le verbe manger à la deuxième personne du singulier du futur simple donne: Tu mangeras.

The verb manger, in the second person singular future simple becomes: Tu mangeras (You will eat).


nerf

Inherited from Middle French nerf, from Old French nerf, inherited from Latin nervus.


anus

→ Turkish: anüs


dos

Inherited from Old French dos, from Latin dorsum (through Vulgar Latin dossum). Compare Romansch dies, Catalan dors, Italian dosso, and Romanian dos.

ne pas y aller avec le dos de la cuillère


coda

Borrowed from Italian coda. Doublet of queue.


arcade

→ Danish: arkade

→ Dutch: arcade

→ English: arcade

→ German: Arkade

→ Norwegian Bokmål: arkade

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: arkade

→ Swedish: arkad

Borrowed from Italian arcata. By surface analysis, arc + -ade.


application

Inherited from Middle French application, from Old French aplicacion, from Latin applicātiōnem.


mucus

→ Turkish: mukus


Uranus

(Roman mythology) Caelus (Roman deity) Note: The Greek deity Uranus is Ouranos


Neptune

(Roman mythology) Neptune (Roman god of the sea)


programme

desctree

→ English: program
→ Malay: program
→ Tok Pisin: program

→ Polish: program

→ Romanian: program

→ Persian: پروگرام (porogrâm)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پروغرام (program)

Turkish: program

Learned borrowing from Late Latin programma, from Ancient Greek πρόγραμμα (prógramma).

lbor

computer program
computer program#English

(computing) a program (item of software; a computer program)


programmer

programmer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
programmant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
programmé (participle past)
programme (first-person indicative present singular)
programmes (indicative present second-person singular)
programme (indicative present singular third-person)
programmons (first-person indicative plural present)
programmez (indicative plural present second-person)
programment (indicative plural present third-person)
programmais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
programmais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
programmait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
programmions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
programmiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
programmaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
programmai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
programmas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
programma (historic indicative past singular third-person)
programmâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
programmâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
programmèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
programmerai (first-person future indicative singular)
programmeras (future indicative second-person singular)
programmera (future indicative singular third-person)
programmerons (first-person future indicative plural)
programmerez (future indicative plural second-person)
programmeront (future indicative plural third-person)
programmerais (conditional first-person singular)
programmerais (conditional second-person singular)
programmerait (conditional singular third-person)
programmerions (conditional first-person plural)
programmeriez (conditional plural second-person)
programmeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
programme (first-person present singular subjunctive)
programmes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
programme (present singular subjunctive third-person)
programmions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
programmiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
programment (plural present subjunctive third-person)
programmasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
programmasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
programmât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
programmassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
programmassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
programmassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
programme (imperative second-person singular)
programmons (first-person imperative plural)
programmez (imperative plural second-person)

(computing) to program, to write program code


radical

Learned borrowing from Late Latin rādīcālis.


congruence

From Latin congruentia (“agreement”), from congruēns, present active participle of congruō (“meet together, agree”).


dental

fr-adj

dental (feminine dentale, masculine plural dentaux, feminine plural dentales)

dentale (feminine)
dentaux (masculine plural)
dentales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dentālis, from Latin dēns (“a tooth”). By surface analysis, dent + -al.


liminal

liminal (feminine liminale, masculine plural liminaux, feminine plural liminales)

liminale (feminine)
liminaux (masculine plural)
liminales (feminine plural)


relative

Ellipsis of proposition subordonnée relative.

ellipsis

(grammar) relative clause, adjectival clause, adjective clause


bugger

bugger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
buggeant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
buggé (participle past)
bugge (first-person indicative present singular)
bugges (indicative present second-person singular)
bugge (indicative present singular third-person)
buggeons (first-person indicative plural present)
buggez (indicative plural present second-person)
buggent (indicative plural present third-person)
buggeais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
buggeais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
buggeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
buggions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
buggiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
buggeaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
buggeai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
buggeas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
buggea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
buggeâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
buggeâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
buggèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
buggerai (first-person future indicative singular)
buggeras (future indicative second-person singular)
buggera (future indicative singular third-person)
buggerons (first-person future indicative plural)
buggerez (future indicative plural second-person)
buggeront (future indicative plural third-person)
buggerais (conditional first-person singular)
buggerais (conditional second-person singular)
buggerait (conditional singular third-person)
buggerions (conditional first-person plural)
buggeriez (conditional plural second-person)
buggeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
bugge (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bugges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bugge (present singular subjunctive third-person)
buggions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
buggiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
buggent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
buggeasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
buggeasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
buggeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
buggeassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
buggeassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
buggeassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bugge (imperative second-person singular)
buggeons (first-person imperative plural)
buggez (imperative plural second-person)
beuguer (alternative)
buguer (alternative)
boguer (alternative)

Quand je l'ai vue arriver, cela s'est passé comme dans la série, j'ai buggé. Elle était déjà trés jolie.

2021 April 15, Benjamin Bourgois, quotee, “Benjamin Bourgois: "On a été autorisés à s'embrasser"”, in La Provence, →ISSN, page 32:

When I saw her arrive, it happened like in the series: I glitched. She was already very pretty.

(computing, also figurative) to malfunction, to glitch


tempe

From Vulgar Latin *tempula, from Latin tempora, originally an accusative plural form of tempus.

...une sueur glacée est sortie à la fois de tous mes membres, j’ai senti mes tempes se gonfler, et j’avais les oreilles pleines de bourdonnements.

1829, Victor Hugo, Le Dernier Jour d’un condamné:

ice-cold sweat dripped of every part of my body at the same time, I felt my temples swell, and there was a deafening hum in my ears.


moteur

→ Persian: موتور (motor)

Borrowed from Latin mōtor. Displaced Old French mouveur.

moteur de recherche

Selon Aristote, Dieu est le moteur non mû.

According to Aristotle, God is the unmoved mover.

(philosophy) mover; one who causes a movement [from 1377]


mac

(colloquial, computing) clipping of Macintosh


bijection

Je voudrais démontrer que cette fonction est une bijection réciproque.

I would like to show that this function is an inverse bijection.


surjection

Borrowing from Latin superiectiōnem (“a throwing over or on; (figuratively) an exaggeration, a hyperbole”). Compare injection, bijection, with the same second element but different prefixes.


nœud

Inherited from Old French neu, from Latin nōdus, from Proto-Indo-European *gned-, *gnod- (“to bind”). Doublet of knout.


sphère

sphères (plural)
sphære (alternative archaic)

From Late Latin sphēra, from Latin sphaera (“ball, globe, celestial sphere”), from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball, globe”). Replaced Old French espere, from the same Latin source.


aire

Inherited from Old French aire, eire, from Latin ārea. Doublet of are and area, which were learned borrowings.

une aire


cul

Inherited from Middle French cul, from Old French cul, from Latin cūlus, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, zero-grade without s-mobile form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).

le beurre, l’argent du beurre et le cul de la crémière

En effet, le prince Vibescu marchait, comme on croit à Bucharest que marchent les Parisiens ; c’est-à-dire à tous petits pas pressés et en tortillant le cul.

2008 [1907], Guillaume Apollinaire, chapter I, in Alexis Lykiard, transl., Les Onze mille verges [The Eleven Thousand Rods] (fiction):

Indeed, Prince Vibescu used to walk as Bucharest folk believe Parisians walk, that's to say with rapid little footsteps and wriggling his arse.

Ce fut un étalage admirable de culs de toutes les nationalités, car ce bordel modèle possédait des putains de toutes races. Le cul en forme de poire de la Frisonne contrastait avec les culs rebondis des Parisiennes, les fesses merveilleuses des Anglaises, les postérieurs carrés des Scandinaves et les culs tombants des Catalanes.

1967 [1907], Guillaume Apollinaire, chapter VI, in David B. Lewis + Wiktionary, transl., Les Onze mille verges [Debauched Hospodar] (fiction):

This was an admirable display of arses of all nationalities, as this model whorehouse held hookers of all races. The Frisian girl’s pear-shaped arse contrasted with the plump Parisians’, with the marvelous buttocks of the English, the square behinds of the Scandinavians, and the plunging arses of the Catalans.


trouble

→ German: Trubel

Deverbal from troubler or from Old French troble.

trouble bipolaire

trouble de la personnalité

trouble de l'érection

trouble de l'humeur

trouble du sommeil

trouble mental

trouble obsessionnel compulsif

trouble psychiatrique

trouble psychique


fisc

(economics) tax authorities, fiscal administration

tax authorities, fiscal administration
government department of taxation


patch

(computing) patch (piece of code used to fix a bug)


plaid

From Old French plait, from Latin placitum.

(history) placitum (kind of medieval council)


lieu

→ English: lieu

Inherited from Middle French lieu, from Old French leu, from Latin locum, from Old Latin stlocus, from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place, locate”).

der

(geometry) locus (set of all points whose location satisfies or is determined by one or more specified conditions)


lieu géométrique

fr-noun

lieu géométrique m (plural lieux géométriques)


dossier

→ English: dossier

→ Dutch: dossier
→ Indonesian: dosir

→ German: Dossier

→ Hijazi Arabic: دوسيه (dōsē)

→ Italian: dossier

→ Luxembourgish: Dossier

desc

→ Portuguese: dossiê, dossier (unadapted form)

→ Romanian: dosar

→ Sicilian: dusseri, dossier

→ Spanish: dossier, dosier

→ Ottoman Turkish: دوسیه (dosya)

Turkish: dosya

Inherited from Middle French dossier. By surface analysis, dos (“back(side)”) + -ier.


malin

fr-adj

malin (feminine maligne or maline, masculine plural malins, feminine plural malignes or malines)

maligne (feminine)
maline (feminine)
malins (masculine plural)
malignes (feminine plural)
malines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French malin(g), backformation from Old French maligne m (12th c.), a borrowing from Latin malignus. Compare the same backformation in bénin and, on the other hand, the original common-gender form preserved in digne.

une tumeur maligne


raison

Inherited from Old French reson, raison, inherited from Latin ratiōnem. Compare the borrowed doublet ration.

la raison du plus fort est toujours la meilleure

(mathematics) common difference (of an arithmetic series)

(mathematics) common ratio (of a geometric series)


asymptote

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀσύμπτωτος (asúmptōtos).


grave

→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave

Inherited from Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.

Quatre de ces voyelles sont graves: a, o, u, œu.

1911 April, “Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques”, in Dictionnaire turc-français:

Four of these are vowels are back [vowels], a, o, u, [and] œu


oligarchie

→ Turkish: oligarşi

First known attestation 1370-1372 in Les Ethiques en françois a translation of Aristotle by Nicolas Oresme, borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía).


intellect

Borrowed from Late Latin intellēctus (“understanding, intellect”), perfect passive participle of Latin intellegō (“understand; reason”).


cure

Inherited from Middle French cure, from Old French cure, from Latin cūra, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“to heed”).


palatal

fr-adj

palatal (feminine palatale, masculine plural palataux, feminine plural palatales)

palatale (feminine)
palataux (masculine plural)
palatales (feminine plural)


hiatus

Learned borrowing from Latin hiātus (“opening”), from hiō (“stand open”).


immutable

Learned borrowing from Latin immūtābilis. Compare immuable.


temporal

fr-adj

temporal (feminine temporale, masculine plural temporaux, feminine plural temporales)

temporale (feminine)
temporaux (masculine plural)
temporales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from New Latin temporālis, from tempus (“temple”) (whence tempe).

lobe temporal


soft

(computing, countable) a piece of software


acnodal

acnodal (feminine acnodale, masculine plural acnodaux, feminine plural acnodales)

acnodale (feminine)
acnodaux (masculine plural)
acnodales (feminine plural)


col

→ Hausa: kwal

Inherited from Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of cou.


pectoral

Borrowed from Latin pectorālis. Doublet of poitrail.


pectoral

pectoral (feminine pectorale, masculine plural pectoraux, feminine plural pectorales)

pectorale (feminine)
pectoraux (masculine plural)
pectorales (feminine plural)


hacker

hacker (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
hackant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
hacké (participle past)
hacke (first-person indicative present singular)
hackes (indicative present second-person singular)
hacke (indicative present singular third-person)
hackons (first-person indicative plural present)
hackez (indicative plural present second-person)
hackent (indicative plural present third-person)
hackais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
hackais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
hackait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
hackions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
hackiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
hackaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
hackai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
hackas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
hacka (historic indicative past singular third-person)
hackâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
hackâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
hackèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
hackerai (first-person future indicative singular)
hackeras (future indicative second-person singular)
hackera (future indicative singular third-person)
hackerons (first-person future indicative plural)
hackerez (future indicative plural second-person)
hackeront (future indicative plural third-person)
hackerais (conditional first-person singular)
hackerais (conditional second-person singular)
hackerait (conditional singular third-person)
hackerions (conditional first-person plural)
hackeriez (conditional plural second-person)
hackeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
hacke (first-person present singular subjunctive)
hackes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
hacke (present singular subjunctive third-person)
hackions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
hackiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
hackent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
hackasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
hackasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hackât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hackassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
hackassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hackassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hacke (imperative second-person singular)
hackons (first-person imperative plural)
hackez (imperative plural second-person)


-ose

Borrowed via Latin from Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis, “state, abnormal condition, or action”), from -όω (-óō) stem verbs + -σις (-sis).

der

(pathology) -osis, a functional disease or condition


nasal

fr-adj

nasal (feminine nasale, masculine plural nasaux, feminine plural nasales)

nasale (feminine)
nasaux (masculine plural)
nasales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from Latin nāsus (“nose”).


genre

→ Bulgarian: жанр (žanr)

→ Dalmatian: genro

→ Danish: genre

→ Dutch: genre

→ English: genre

→ Finnish: genre

→ Franco-Provençal: janro

→ German: Genre

→ Macedonian: жанр (žanr)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: genre, sjanger

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: genre, sjanger

→ Persian: ژانر (žânr)

desctree

→ Russian: жанр (žanr)
→ Armenian: ժանր (žanr)
→ Estonian: žanr
→ Georgian: ჟანრი (žanri)
→ Kazakh: жанр (janr)
→ Latvian: žanrs
→ Lithuanian: žanras
→ Turkmen: žanr
→ Uyghur: ژانىر (zhanir)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̏нр

Latin script: žȁnr

→ Swedish: genre

→ Ukrainian: жанр (žanr)

From Old French gen(d)re, borrowed from Latin genere. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from English gender.

semantic loan

Les mots français sont du genre masculin ou du genre féminin.

French words are either of masculine or feminine gender.

Huit choses arrivent au Verbe : Le Genre, le Mœuf, le Tems, la Personne, le Nombre, la Conjugaison, la Figure, ou la forme. Il y a cinq Genres de Verbes Personnels: l'Actif, le Passif, le Neutre, le Déponent & le Commun.

1742, Nova elementa seu rudimenta linguae latinae, page 52:


grimoire

→ Catalan: grimori

→ English: grimoire

→ Italian: grimorio

→ Portuguese: grimório

→ Spanish: grimorio

A variant of grammaire, from Old French gramaire (“grammar; grimoire; conjurer, magician”), from Latin grammatica (“grammar; philology”), from grammaticus (“relating to grammar, grammatical”), from Ancient Greek γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός (grămmătĭkós, “knowing one's letters; concerned with textual criticism”), from γράμμα (grámma, “that which is drawn or written; letter; book, writing”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, suffix added to noun stems to form adjectives). γράμμα is derived from γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to cut into, scratch; to draw, paint; to write”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve”)) + -μᾰ (-mă, suffix added to verbal stems forming neuter nouns denoting the result of, a particular instance of, or the object of an action).

af

ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*gerbʰ-</i> (“to carve”)


voix

Inherited from Middle French voix, from Old French voiz, from Latin vōcem, accusative of vōx (“voice”), from Proto-Italic *wōks, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs.


aspect

Borrowed from Latin aspectus. The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Russian вид (vid).

(grammar) aspect (grammatical quality of a verb)


compiler

compiler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
compilant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
compilé (participle past)
compile (first-person indicative present singular)
compiles (indicative present second-person singular)
compile (indicative present singular third-person)
compilons (first-person indicative plural present)
compilez (indicative plural present second-person)
compilent (indicative plural present third-person)
compilais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
compilais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
compilait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
compilions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
compiliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
compilaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
compilai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
compilas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
compila (historic indicative past singular third-person)
compilâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
compilâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
compilèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
compilerai (first-person future indicative singular)
compileras (future indicative second-person singular)
compilera (future indicative singular third-person)
compilerons (first-person future indicative plural)
compilerez (future indicative plural second-person)
compileront (future indicative plural third-person)
compilerais (conditional first-person singular)
compilerais (conditional second-person singular)
compilerait (conditional singular third-person)
compilerions (conditional first-person plural)
compileriez (conditional plural second-person)
compileraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
compile (first-person present singular subjunctive)
compiles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
compile (present singular subjunctive third-person)
compilions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
compiliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
compilent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
compilasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
compilasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
compilât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
compilassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
compilassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
compilassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
compile (imperative second-person singular)
compilons (first-person imperative plural)
compilez (imperative plural second-person)

Je n'arrive pas à compiler ce programme...

I can't manage to compile this program...


atone

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄτονος (átonos).


brayer

Inherited from Old French, from Old Norse bræða (“melt; make oil, tar, pitch”).


cache

From cacher. In the sense "cover, mask", a clipping of cache-œil, cache-nez, etc.


distal

fr-adj

distal (feminine distale, masculine plural distaux, feminine plural distales)

distale (feminine)
distaux (masculine plural)
distales (feminine plural)


hymen

→ English: hymen

→ Romanian: himen

→ Turkish: himen

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑμήν (humḗn, “skin, membrane”).


incise

(grammar) a part of a sentence, set between em dashes


labial

fr-adj

labial (feminine labiale, masculine plural labiaux, feminine plural labiales)

labiale (feminine)
labiaux (masculine plural)
labiales (feminine plural)


lobe

Inherited from Middle French, from Ancient Greek λοβός (lobós).

lobe de l'oreille


magma

magmas (plural)
magmat (alternative dated rare)

From Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma, “paste”).


marc

From Old French marc (12th c.), from Frankish *mark. Doublet of mark. Also related with marque and marche (“frontier”).

(history) a weight, especially of gold and silver, equivalent to ca. 245 grams


rooter

rooter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rootant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
rooté (participle past)
roote (first-person indicative present singular)
rootes (indicative present second-person singular)
roote (indicative present singular third-person)
rootons (first-person indicative plural present)
rootez (indicative plural present second-person)
rootent (indicative plural present third-person)
rootais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rootais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rootait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rootions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rootiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rootaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rootai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
rootas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
roota (historic indicative past singular third-person)
rootâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
rootâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
rootèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
rooterai (first-person future indicative singular)
rooteras (future indicative second-person singular)
rootera (future indicative singular third-person)
rooterons (first-person future indicative plural)
rooterez (future indicative plural second-person)
rooteront (future indicative plural third-person)
rooterais (conditional first-person singular)
rooterais (conditional second-person singular)
rooterait (conditional singular third-person)
rooterions (conditional first-person plural)
rooteriez (conditional plural second-person)
rooteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
roote (first-person present singular subjunctive)
rootes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
roote (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rootions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rootiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rootent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rootasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rootasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rootât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rootassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rootassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rootassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
roote (imperative second-person singular)
rootons (first-person imperative plural)
rootez (imperative plural second-person)


contention

(medicine) immobilization, (psychiatry) restraint


biceps

(anatomy) biceps (any two-headed muscle)


champ

→ English: champ

Inherited from Middle French champ, from Old French champ m, inherited from Latin campus m (“field”). Doublet of camp m and campus m.

(mathematics) a vector field, tensor field, or scalar field (but not a commutative ring with identity for which every nonzero element has a multiplicative inverse, cf. corps m)


circulation

→ Romanian: circulație

→ Turkish: sirkülasyon


dislocation

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dislocātiōnem.

bor+

dislocation à droite

dislocation à gauche


document

→ Romanian: document

→ Turkish: doküman


extension

Inherited from Old French estension, borrowed from Latin extentiōnem.

(semantics, linguistics) semantic widening


fixation

(psychology, informal) fixation, obsession


fret

→ Portuguese: frete

→ Spanish: flete

Inherited from Old French fret, from Middle Dutch vrecht, from Old Dutch *frēht, from Proto-West Germanic *fra- + *aihti.

(shipping) freight, cargo fees: the cost of transporting cargo by boat


couple

Inherited from Old French couple, from Vulgar Latin *cōpla, from Latin cōpula. Doublet of copule.


interrogation

Borrowed from Latin interrogātiōnem. By surface analysis, interroger + -ation.


isolation

From isoler + -ation. Attested since 1774.

(linguistics) isolation (low number of morphemes per word on average)

defense mechanism
defense mechanism#English

(psychology) isolation (a Freudian defense mechanism)


marge

→ Czech: marže

→ German: Marge

→ Polish: marża

→ Russian: маржа (marža)

Inherited from Old French, from Latin marginem, from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs.

(economics, business) markup (percentage or amount added to buy-in price)


pipette

→ Portuguese: pipeta


plaque

→ Persian: پلاک (pelâk)

From Middle Dutch placken (“to patch, beat metal into a thin plate”), from placke (“disk, patch, stain”), from *Old Dutch plagga (“patch”), from Proto-Germanic *plaggą (“patch”).

der

plaque muqueuse, dentaire


primitive

Coordinate term: dérivée


roulette

→ Catalan: ruleta

→ Czech: ruleta

→ Danish: roulette, roulet

→ English: roulette

→ Galician: ruleta

→ German: Roulette (see there for further descendants)

→ Italian: roulette

→ Japanese: ルーレット

→ Norwegian Bokmål: rulett

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rulett

→ Portuguese: roleta

→ Spanish: ruleta

→ Swedish: roulett

→ Thai: รูเล็ตต์ (ruu-lèt)


Scylla

From Latin Scylla, from Ancient Greek Σκύλλα (Skúlla).

de Charybde en Scylla


suite

→ Belarusian: сюіта (sjuita)

→ Bulgarian: сюита (sjuita)

→ Catalan: suite

→ Czech: suita

→ Danish: suite

→ Dutch: suite

→ English: suite

→ Galician: suite

→ German: Suite

→ Greek: σουίτα (souíta)

→ Italian: suite

→ Norwegian Bokmål: suite

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: suite

→ Persian: سوئیت (su'it)

→ Polish: suita

→ Portuguese: suíte

→ Romanian: suită

→ Russian: сюи́та (sjuíta)

→ Spanish: suite

→ Swedish: svit

→ Ukrainian: сюї́та (sjujíta)

Inherited from Old French suite, from earlier siute, from Vulgar Latin *sequita, (instead of classical secūta), as the feminine past participle of *sequere, from Latin sequi.


vedette

→ Dutch: vedette

→ English: vedette

→ Italian: vedette

→ Polish: wedeta

→ Portuguese: vedeta

→ Romanian: vedetă

→ Spanish: vedete

(lexicography) headword (word used as the title of a section)


miniature

Borrowed from Italian miniatura. Unrelated to minuscule.

(computing) thumbnail (a miniature preview of a larger image)


temps

Inherited from Old French temps and its variants, from Latin tempus.

en moins de temps qu'il ne faut pour le dire

un temps composé

un temps simple

changez le temps du verbe


normale

(geometry) Line perpendicular to a curve


permanent

From Middle French permanant, permanent, from Latin permanentem (accusative of permanēns).


instance

A derivative of etymology 1, but reborrowed from English.


SN

(linguistics) Initialism of syntagme nominal (“noun phrase; NP”).


masculin

fr-adj

masculin (feminine masculine, masculine plural masculins, feminine plural masculines)

masculine (feminine)
masculins (masculine plural)
masculines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French masculin, borrowed from Latin māsculīnus.


ripper

ripper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rippant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
rippé (participle past)
rippe (first-person indicative present singular)
rippes (indicative present second-person singular)
rippe (indicative present singular third-person)
rippons (first-person indicative plural present)
rippez (indicative plural present second-person)
rippent (indicative plural present third-person)
rippais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rippais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rippait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rippions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rippiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rippaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rippai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
rippas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
rippa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
rippâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
rippâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
rippèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
ripperai (first-person future indicative singular)
ripperas (future indicative second-person singular)
rippera (future indicative singular third-person)
ripperons (first-person future indicative plural)
ripperez (future indicative plural second-person)
ripperont (future indicative plural third-person)
ripperais (conditional first-person singular)
ripperais (conditional second-person singular)
ripperait (conditional singular third-person)
ripperions (conditional first-person plural)
ripperiez (conditional plural second-person)
ripperaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
rippe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
rippes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
rippe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rippions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rippiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rippent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rippasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rippasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rippât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rippassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rippassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rippassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rippe (imperative second-person singular)
rippons (first-person imperative plural)
rippez (imperative plural second-person)


apartheid

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + -heid (cognate of English -hood).

af

cognate of English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-hood</i>

fr:Apartheid en Afrique du Sud
fr:apartheid

(history) apartheid (racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)


hauteur

La hauteur d'un parallélogramme est perpendiculaire à sa base.

The height of a parallelogram is perpendicular to its base.


ratio

Borrowed from Latin ratio. Doublet of raison and ration.


grade

→ Romanian: grad

Borrowed from Latin gradus. Compare degré. Doublet of gradus.


loupe

→ Catalan: lupa

→ Danish: lup

→ Dutch: loep
→ Indonesian: lup

→ English: loupe

→ Finnish: luppi

desctree

→ German: Lupe
Japanese: ルーペ (rūpe)
Korean: 루페 (rupe)

→ Luxembourgish: Lupp

→ Polish: lupa

→ Portuguese: lupa

→ Romanian: lupă

→ Russian: лу́па (lúpa)

→ Spanish: lupa
→ Basque: lupa

→ Swedish: lupp

→ Vietnamese: kính lúp

From Middle French, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), of uncertain origin, though probably from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”). Cognate with Dutch dialectal (Meuse-Rhenish) luppe (“piece”); Middle Dutch and Middle Low German lobbe (“dangling part”); Saterland Frisian lobbe (“hanging lump of flesh”); Old English loppe, lobbe (“spider”); Dutch lob (“hanging lip, ruffle or sleeve”). More at lobe.


mouiller

mouiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mouillant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
mouillé (participle past)
mouille (first-person indicative present singular)
mouilles (indicative present second-person singular)
mouille (indicative present singular third-person)
mouillons (first-person indicative plural present)
mouillez (indicative plural present second-person)
mouillent (indicative plural present third-person)
mouillais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mouillais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mouillait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mouillions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mouilliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mouillaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mouillai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
mouillas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
mouilla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
mouillâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
mouillâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
mouillèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
mouillerai (first-person future indicative singular)
mouilleras (future indicative second-person singular)
mouillera (future indicative singular third-person)
mouillerons (first-person future indicative plural)
mouillerez (future indicative plural second-person)
mouilleront (future indicative plural third-person)
mouillerais (conditional first-person singular)
mouillerais (conditional second-person singular)
mouillerait (conditional singular third-person)
mouillerions (conditional first-person plural)
mouilleriez (conditional plural second-person)
mouilleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
mouille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mouilles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mouille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mouillions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mouilliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mouillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mouillasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
mouillasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mouillât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mouillassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mouillassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mouillassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mouille (imperative second-person singular)
mouillons (first-person imperative plural)
mouillez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French moillier, from Vulgar Latin *molliāre (“soak”), a verb based on Latin mollis (“soft”). Compare Occitan molhar.


composition

→ Korean: 콩포지숑 (kongpojisyong) (rare)

→ Turkish: kompozisyon

Inherited from Old French composicion, borrowed from Latin compositiōnem.

(linguistics) composition, compounding, formation of compound words


objet

Turkish: obje

Coordinate term: sujet


ellipse

Borrowed from Latin ellīpsis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis).


proposition

From Latin prōpositiōnem (“statement, proposition”), from prōpōnō (“propose”), from pōnō (“place; assume”).


essence

→ Dutch: essence

→ Finnish: esanssi

→ Romanian: esență

→ Turkish: esans

→ Vietnamese: ét-xăng

From Old French, from Latin essentia. Sense 2 very likely from Latin edō (“eat”), in the sense of 'what is eaten, fuel'. Many forms of the latter are indistinguishable from the former, and so the confusion with essence is very understandable.


housing

(computing) colocation; A service allowing multiple customers to locate network, server, and storage gear, connect them to a variety of telecommunications and network service providers, with a minimum of cost and complexity


commuter

commuter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
commutant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
commuté (participle past)
commute (first-person indicative present singular)
commutes (indicative present second-person singular)
commute (indicative present singular third-person)
commutons (first-person indicative plural present)
commutez (indicative plural present second-person)
commutent (indicative plural present third-person)
commutais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
commutais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
commutait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
commutions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
commutiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
commutaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
commutai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
commutas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
commuta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
commutâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
commutâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
commutèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
commuterai (first-person future indicative singular)
commuteras (future indicative second-person singular)
commutera (future indicative singular third-person)
commuterons (first-person future indicative plural)
commuterez (future indicative plural second-person)
commuteront (future indicative plural third-person)
commuterais (conditional first-person singular)
commuterais (conditional second-person singular)
commuterait (conditional singular third-person)
commuterions (conditional first-person plural)
commuteriez (conditional plural second-person)
commuteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
commute (first-person present singular subjunctive)
commutes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
commute (present singular subjunctive third-person)
commutions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
commutiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
commutent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
commutasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
commutasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
commutât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
commutassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
commutassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
commutassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
commute (imperative second-person singular)
commutons (first-person imperative plural)
commutez (imperative plural second-person)


version

(medicine) an obstetric maneuver to change the fetus' position inside the uterus so as to facilitate childbirth


FA

fibrillation auriculaire
fibrillation auriculaire#French

fibrillation atriale
fibrillation atriale#French

(medicine) AF (“atrial fibrillation”): Initialism of fibrillation auriculaire or fibrillation atriale.


valet

→ Bulgarian: вале́ (valé)

→ Greek: βαλές (valés)

→ Portuguese: valete

desctree

→ Russian: вале́т (valét)
→ Gagauz: valet
→ Ingrian: valetti

→ Turkish: vale

Inherited from Old French vaslet, from Medieval Latin *vassellittus, diminutive of Late Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).

der

(history) a male attendant of a knight or a lord

(history) officer belonging to the king's house or a princely house, also valet de chambre


journal

Haitian Creole: jounal

Mauritian Creole: zournal

Borrowings

→ Afrikaans: joernaal

→ Belarusian: журнал (žurnal)

→ Bulgarian: журнал (žurnal)

→ Czech: žurnál

→ Dutch: journaal

→ Egyptian Arabic: جورنال (gōrnāl)

→ English: journal

→ Esperanto: ĵurnalo

Ido: jurnalo

→ Indonesian: jurnal

→ German: Journal

→ Estonian: žurnaal

→ Ladino: jurnal / ז׳ורנאל

→ Latvian: žurnāls

→ Lower Sorbian: žurnal

→ Maltese: ġurnal

→ Malay: jurnal

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ژورنال (jurnal)
Turkish: jurnal

→ Pashto: ژورنال (žurnãl)

→ Persian: ژورنال (žurnâl)

→ Polish: żurnal

→ Portuguese: jornal
→ Hunsrik: Schurnall
→ Tetum: jornál

→ Romanian: jurnal

→ Russian: журна́л (žurnál) (see there for further descendants)

→ Slovak: žurnál

→ Swedish: journal

→ Ukrainian: журнал (žurnal)

→ West Frisian: sjoernaal

→ Yiddish: זשורנאַל (zhurnal)

Inherited from Old French journal (“daily”), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).


synapse

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σύναψις (súnapsis, “conjunction”), from συνάπτω (sunáptō, “to clasp”).


chiffre arabe

fr-noun

chiffre arabe m (plural chiffres arabes)


morphine

From Ancient Greek Μορφεύς (Morpheús) + -ine.


association

→ Romanian: asociație


trauma

From the Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).

(medicine) trauma (a localised injury produced by an external action)

trauma psychique
trauma psychique#French

(psychology and psychoanalysis, elliptical use for trauma psychique) psychic trauma


catharsis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis).


virulent

fr-adj

virulent (feminine virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)

virulente (feminine)
virulents (masculine plural)
virulentes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English.


session

Inherited from Old French session, borrowed from Latin sessiōnem.


pont

Haitian Creole: pon

→ Vietnamese: boong

Inherited from Old French pont, from Latin pontem.


organelle

→ Turkish: organel


lymphocyte

→ Persian: لنفوسیت (lanfosit)

→ Turkish: lenfosit


suture

Learned borrowing from Latin sūtūra (“suture”). Compare couture.


console

desc

→ Armenian: քոնսոլ (kʻonsol), քոնցոլ (kʻoncʻol) — Constantinople

→ Catalan: consola

→ English: console

→ German: Konsole

→ Greek: κονσόλα (konsóla)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قونسول (konsol)

→ Turkish: konsol

→ Polish: konsola

Probably a shortened from consolateur, denoting the same architectural element, ultimately from consoler (“to console, to comfort”).

(informatics) programmed interface of a system


origine

→ Romanian: origine

Borrowed from Latin orīginem (“beginning, source, birth, origin”). Replaced the older popular form orine, inherited from the same source.


soit

From Latin sĭt, third-person singular present subjunctive of sum.

Soit f une fonction linéaire.


impair

fr-adj

impair (feminine impaire, masculine plural impairs, feminine plural impaires)

impaire (feminine)
impairs (masculine plural)
impaires (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin impār. By surface analysis, im- + pair.

fonction impaire


polynôme

Coordinate term: monôme


conjuguer

conjuguer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
conjuguant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
conjugué (participle past)
conjugue (first-person indicative present singular)
conjugues (indicative present second-person singular)
conjugue (indicative present singular third-person)
conjuguons (first-person indicative plural present)
conjuguez (indicative plural present second-person)
conjuguent (indicative plural present third-person)
conjuguais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
conjuguais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
conjuguait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
conjuguions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
conjuguiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
conjuguaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
conjuguai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
conjuguas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
conjugua (historic indicative past singular third-person)
conjuguâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
conjuguâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
conjuguèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
conjuguerai (first-person future indicative singular)
conjugueras (future indicative second-person singular)
conjuguera (future indicative singular third-person)
conjuguerons (first-person future indicative plural)
conjuguerez (future indicative plural second-person)
conjugueront (future indicative plural third-person)
conjuguerais (conditional first-person singular)
conjuguerais (conditional second-person singular)
conjuguerait (conditional singular third-person)
conjuguerions (conditional first-person plural)
conjugueriez (conditional plural second-person)
conjugueraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
conjugue (first-person present singular subjunctive)
conjugues (present second-person singular subjunctive)
conjugue (present singular subjunctive third-person)
conjuguions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
conjuguiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
conjuguent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
conjuguasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
conjuguasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conjuguât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conjuguassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
conjuguassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conjuguassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conjugue (imperative second-person singular)
conjuguons (first-person imperative plural)
conjuguez (imperative plural second-person)


demande

Haitian Creole: demann

Inherited from Old French demande, from the verb demander.


systole

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek συστολή (sustolḗ), from συστέλλω (sustéllō, “to contract”), from σύν (sún, “together”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to send”).


ovule

From Latin ōvum (“egg”) + -ule (diminutive suffix).

af

Marvin avait avalé 1 kilo de poudre blanche, soit 105 petits ovules plastifiés.


infection

→ Turkish: enfeksiyon

From Old French infection, from Late Latin īnfectiōnem.


uvula

Unadapted borrowing from Late Latin ūvula (“small grape”), diminutive of Latin ūva. Doublet of uvule, another borrowing.


exception

(programming) exception (interruption in normal processing, typically caused by an error condition)


immanent

fr-adj

immanent (feminine immanente, masculine plural immanents, feminine plural immanentes)

immanente (feminine)
immanents (masculine plural)
immanentes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin immanēns.

lbor

Coordinate term: transcendant


intuition

Borrowed from Medieval Latin intuītiōnem.

bor+

(uncountable, philosophy) intuition (cognitive faculty)


buste

→ Danish: buste

→ Polish: biust

→ Romanian: bust

desctree

→ Russian: бюст (bjust)
→ Georgian: ბიუსტი (biusṭi)

Borrowed from Italian busto, from Latin būstum.

Une chaîne en or orne son buste.


mainframe

(computer hardware) mainframe (large, powerful computer connected to terminals)


corde

cordes (plural)
chorde (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Middle French corde, from Old French corde, borrowed from Latin chorda (“gut”), from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string of gut, cord”).

der

parler de corde dans la maison d'un pendu


verbe

Learned borrowing from Latin verbum. Doublet of verve.


conjugaison

From Middle French conjugaison, alteration of earlier conjugation, borrowed from Latin coniugātiōnem. Equivalent to conjuguer + -aison.


ligne

Mauritian Creole: lalin

Inherited from Old French ligne, from Latin līnea.


projection

(linear algebra, mathematics) projection


fraise

→ Arabic: فَرَّاز (farrāz)

→ Dutch: frees

→ English: fraise

→ German: Fräse

→ Belarusian: фрэ́за (fréza)

→ Czech: fréza, frézka

desc

→ Bulgarian: фре́за (fréza), фрез (frez)

→ Macedonian: фреза (freza)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фре́за

Latin script: fréza

→ Slovak: fréz, fréza, frézka

→ Slovene: frẹ̄za

→ Ukrainian: фре́за (fréza)

⇒ German: Fräser

desctree

⇒ German: Fräsmaschine
→ Bulgarian: фрезмаши́на (frezmašína)
→ Russian: фрезмаши́на (frezmašína)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
→ Cyrillic script: фрезмашина
→ Latin script: frezmašina

→ Polish: frez

→ Portuguese: fresa

→ Romanian: freză

→ Russian: фреза́ (frezá)

→ Spanish: fresa

→ Swedish: fräs

→ Ottoman Turkish: فرازه (freze)
Turkish: freze

Related to fraiser, or possibly from a Vulgar Latin *fresāre, from Latin fresum, past participle of frendō, or from a derived root *fresa. Compare Italian and Spanish fresa.


volition

Borrowed from Medieval Latin volitiōnem (“will, volition”), from Latin volō (“to wish, to will”).


apocope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ).


carré

fr-adj

carré (feminine carrée, masculine plural carrés, feminine plural carrées)

carrée (feminine)
carrés (masculine plural)
carrées (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French quarré, from Old French quarré, from Latin quadrātus. Compare the borrowed doublet cadrat.


puissance

Inherited from Middle French puissance, derived from Old French puissant.

Deux puissance quatre égale seize.

Two to the power of four equals sixteen.


imparfait

(grammar) the past imperfect, the imperfect or continuous past tense


overdose

(medicine) overdose (excessive and dangerous dose of a drug)


flush

information technology
information technology

(anglicism, information technology) emptying of the cache


régime

→ English: regime, régime

→ German: Regime

→ Ottoman Turkish: رژیم (rejim)

Turkish: rejim

→ Persian: رژیم (režim)

→ Urdu: رژیم (režim)

→ Arabic: رجيم (rejim)

→ Romanian: regim

desctree

→ Russian: режи́м m (režím), режи́мъ (režím) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: rejim
→ Kazakh: режим (rejim)


contexte

→ Turkish: kontekst


couronne

Inherited from Old French corone, inherited from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).

(anatomy) corona (circumference of the base of the glans penis in humans)


cellule

→ Persian: سلول (sellul)


plage

→ Albanian: plazh

→ Armenian: փլաժ (pʻlaž)

→ Antillean Creole: plaj

→ Belarusian: пляж (pljaž)

→ Bulgarian: плаж (plaž)

→ Czech: pláž

→ English: plage

→ Greek: πλαζ (plaz)

→ Luxembourgish: Plage

→ Macedonian: плажа (plaža)

→ Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: plaj

→ Persian: پلاژ (pelâž)

→ Polish: plaża

→ Romanian: plajă

→ Russian: пляж (pljaž)
→ Armenian: պլյաժ (plyaž)
→ Avar: пляж (pljaž)
→ Georgian: პლაჟი (ṗlaži), პლიაჟი (ṗliaži) — nonstandard
→ Tajik: пляж (plyaž)
→ Turkmen: plýaž
→ Uzbek: plyaj

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плажа

Latin script: plaža

→ Slovak: pláž

→ Slovene: plaža

→ Ukrainian: пляж (pljaž)

→ Yiddish: פּלאַזשע (plazhe)

From Middle French plage (ca. 1300), borrowed from Medieval Latin plagia, in part after Italian piaggia (modern spiaggia). See the Latin for further cognates.


crâne

From Middle French crane (14th c.), a borrowing from Medieval Latin crānium.


gaga

(linguistics, by ellipsis) the parler gaga, a French variety spoken in the French city of Saint-Étienne, the North of the Forez and around.


sonde

→ Catalan: sonda

→ Danish: sonde

→ Dutch: sonde
→ Indonesian: sonde

→ English: sonde

→ German: Sonde
→ Russian: зонд (zond)
→ Kazakh: зонд (zond)

→ Italian: sonda
→ Ottoman Turkish: سونده (sonda), سوندا (sonda)
Turkish: sonda

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sonde

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sonde

→ Portuguese: sonda

→ Spanish: sonda

→ Vietnamese: xông

From Middle French, from Old French sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound.


nom

Antillean Creole: non

Haitian Creole: non

Louisiana Creole: nom

Mauritian Creole: non

Seychellois Creole: non

Inherited from Old French nom (whence Norman nom), from Latin nōmen (whence Italian and Portuguese nome; Spanish nombre), from Proto-Italic *nomən, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (whence Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Russian и́мя (ímja), Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man), English name).

Le mot « copain » est un nom.

(grammar, dated) noun or adjective; used in nom adjectif and nom substantif


trampoline

Borrowed from Spanish trampolín or Italian trampolino. See also French tremplin.


ça

Calque of German Es (“id”), substantivized from the pronoun.


négationniste

fr-noun

négationniste m or f by sense (plural négationnistes)

(politics, philosophy) denialist, denier, negationist


Marianne

(France, politics, philosophy) Marianne; a personification of France


pronom

Learned borrowing from Latin prōnōmen. By surface analysis, pro- + nom.


offre

l'offre et la demande


cas

Inherited from Old French cas, borrowed from Latin cāsus.


fini

fr-adj

fini (feminine finie, masculine plural finis, feminine plural finies)

finie (feminine)
finis (masculine plural)
finies (feminine plural)

(technical, philosophy) limited, finite (which has an end)

(grammar) finite (inflected for person or number)


moyen

moyen (feminine moyenne, masculine plural moyens, feminine plural moyennes)

moyenne (feminine)
moyens (masculine plural)
moyennes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French moyen, from Old French moien, earlier meien, inherited from Latin mediānus. Doublet of médian, a borrowing, and also of misaine.

[N]ormalement, le vocalisme radical du parfait moyen est semblable à celui de l'aoriste passif[.]

1976, Cornelius J. Ruigh, “Observations sur la flexion des verbes du type τρίβω, φρύγω: l'origine des alternances ῑ/ῐ et ῡ/ῠ”, in Studies in Greek, Italic, and Indo-European linguistics: offered to Leonard R. Palmer on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, June 5, 1976, →ISBN, page 340:

Normally, the root vocalism of the perfect middle is similar to that of the aorist passive.


valoir

valoir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
valant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
valu (participle past)
vaux (first-person indicative present singular)
vaux (indicative present second-person singular)
vaut (indicative present singular third-person)
valons (first-person indicative plural present)
valez (indicative plural present second-person)
valent (indicative plural present third-person)
valais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
valais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
valait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
valions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
valiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
valaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
valus (first-person historic indicative past singular)
valus (historic indicative past second-person singular)
valut (historic indicative past singular third-person)
valûmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
valûtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
valurent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
vaudrai (first-person future indicative singular)
vaudras (future indicative second-person singular)
vaudra (future indicative singular third-person)
vaudrons (first-person future indicative plural)
vaudrez (future indicative plural second-person)
vaudront (future indicative plural third-person)
vaudrais (conditional first-person singular)
vaudrais (conditional second-person singular)
vaudrait (conditional singular third-person)
vaudrions (conditional first-person plural)
vaudriez (conditional plural second-person)
vaudraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
vaille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vailles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vaille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
valions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
valiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vaillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
valusse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
valusses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
valût (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
valussions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
valussiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
valussent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vaus (imperative second-person singular)
valons (first-person imperative plural)
valez (imperative plural second-person)
se valoir (infinitive reflexive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction reflexive)
se valant (gerund participle present reflexive)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
valu (participle past reflexive)
me vaux (first-person indicative present reflexive singular)
te vaux (indicative present reflexive second-person singular)
se vaut (indicative present reflexive singular third-person)
nous valons (first-person indicative plural present reflexive)
vous valez (indicative plural present reflexive second-person)
se valent (indicative plural present reflexive third-person)
me valais (first-person imperfect indicative reflexive singular)
te valais (imperfect indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se valait (imperfect indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous valions (first-person imperfect indicative plural reflexive)
vous valiez (imperfect indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se valaient (imperfect indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me valus (first-person historic indicative past reflexive singular)
te valus (historic indicative past reflexive second-person singular)
se valut (historic indicative past reflexive singular third-person)
nous valûmes (first-person historic indicative past plural reflexive)
vous valûtes (historic indicative past plural reflexive second-person)
se valurent (historic indicative past plural reflexive third-person)
me vaudrai (first-person future indicative reflexive singular)
te vaudras (future indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se vaudra (future indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous vaudrons (first-person future indicative plural reflexive)
vous vaudrez (future indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se vaudront (future indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me vaudrais (conditional first-person reflexive singular)
te vaudrais (conditional reflexive second-person singular)
se vaudrait (conditional reflexive singular third-person)
nous vaudrions (conditional first-person plural reflexive)
vous vaudriez (conditional plural reflexive second-person)
se vaudraient (conditional plural reflexive third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
me vaille (first-person present reflexive singular subjunctive)
te vailles (present reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se vaille (present reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous valions (first-person plural present reflexive subjunctive)
vous valiez (plural present reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se vaillent (plural present reflexive subjunctive third-person)
me valusse (first-person imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive)
te valusses (imperfect reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se valût (imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous valussions (first-person imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive)
vous valussiez (imperfect plural reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se valussent (imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive third-person)
vaus-toi (imperative reflexive second-person singular)
valons-nous (first-person imperative plural reflexive)
valez-vous (imperative plural reflexive second-person)

Inherited from Middle French valoir, from Old French valoir, valeir, from Latin valēre, from Proto-Italic *walēō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥h₁éh₁yeti, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”).

Une année-lumière vaut donc approximativement 63 241 [soixante-trois-mille-deux-cent-quarante-et-une] unités astronomiques.

One light year is equal to approximately 63,241 astronomical units.

(transitive, mathematics) to be equal to


lemme

Borrowed from the Latin lemma, itself a borrowing from the Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmmă).


partition

→ Turkish: partisyon

Inherited from Old French particion, from Latin partītiōnem. By surface analysis, partir + -tion.


moule

Inherited from Old French moule, from Vulgar Latin *mŭsclus, from Latin mūsculus. Doublet of muscle.


Foucault

(philosophy) the French philosopher Michel Foucault


articulation

→ Turkish: artikülasyon

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō. By surface analysis, articuler + -ation.

lbor

(anatomy) joint (joint with freedom to rotate)

mode d'articulation

point d'articulation

(phonetics) articulation (emission of a sound)


souris

Michif: soorii

Inherited from Middle French souris, from Old French soris, soriz, from Vulgar Latin *sōrīcem, alteration of the Classical Latin sōricem (“shrew”).
The computing sense is a semantic loan from English mouse.


coccyx

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόκκυξ (kókkux).


cervical

fr-adj

cervical (feminine cervicale, masculine plural cervicaux, feminine plural cervicales)

cervicale (feminine)
cervicaux (masculine plural)
cervicales (feminine plural)

→ English: cervical

Learned borrowing from New Latin cervicālis, formed from the root of Latin cervix (“the neck, nape of the neck”) and -alis (see -al).

der

vertèbre cervicale


phalange

Borrowed from either Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx) or Latin phalangem. Doublet of palanque and palanche. See also the related planche.


Atlas

Learned borrowing from Latin Atlas, from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).

(Greek mythology) Atlas (son of Iapetus and Clymene, leader of the Titans ordered by Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders)


Cronos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κρόνος (Krónos).


Ottoman

From Middle French Ottoman, from Italian Ottomano, from Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān).

der

Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān)

Ottoman fils d’Orthogrul […]

1726, Histoire des chevaliers hospitaliers, page 99:

archaic form of Osman, the name borne by

Osman I (d. 1323/4), founder of the Ottoman Empire

Les ſultans qui regnerent enſuite ne firent rien d'utile à leur empire, quelques uns furent détrônés par les ſoldats de leur garde nommés janniſſaires. Ottoman II fut étranglé par eux […]

1777, Abrégé élémentaire de l'histoire universelle, page 464:

Osman II (1604–1622), sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until his death

Son frère, Ottoman III, le remplaça sur le trône et mourut après trois ans de règne en 1757.

1835, Dictionnaire historique des peuples anciens et modernes, page 444:

Osman III (1699–1757), sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1754 until his death.


Ottoman

fr-noun

Ottoman m (plural Ottomans, feminine Ottomane)

der

Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān)


Scorpion

(astrology) the celestial constellation Scorpio


Vierge

From vierge (“virgin”), from Latin virgō.


réunion

→ Romanian: reuniune


auge

From Latin alveus; according to the TLFi etymological dictionary, it was a (very early) borrowing.

(anatomy) intermandibular region (of a horse or other mammal)


rectum

Borrowed from Latin rectum (intestīnum) (“straight intestine”).


triplet

(mathematics, biology, architecture) triplet, group of three things


multiplier

multiplier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
multipliant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
multiplié (participle past)
multiplie (first-person indicative present singular)
multiplies (indicative present second-person singular)
multiplie (indicative present singular third-person)
multiplions (first-person indicative plural present)
multipliez (indicative plural present second-person)
multiplient (indicative plural present third-person)
multipliais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
multipliais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
multipliait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
multipliions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
multipliiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
multipliaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
multipliai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
multiplias (historic indicative past second-person singular)
multiplia (historic indicative past singular third-person)
multipliâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
multipliâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
multiplièrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
multiplierai (first-person future indicative singular)
multiplieras (future indicative second-person singular)
multipliera (future indicative singular third-person)
multiplierons (first-person future indicative plural)
multiplierez (future indicative plural second-person)
multiplieront (future indicative plural third-person)
multiplierais (conditional first-person singular)
multiplierais (conditional second-person singular)
multiplierait (conditional singular third-person)
multiplierions (conditional first-person plural)
multiplieriez (conditional plural second-person)
multiplieraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
multiplie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
multiplies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
multiplie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
multipliions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
multipliiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
multiplient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
multipliasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
multipliasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
multipliât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
multipliassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
multipliassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
multipliassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
multiplie (imperative second-person singular)
multiplions (first-person imperative plural)
multipliez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French multiplier, learned remodelling of Old French molteplier, moltepleier (also monteplier), from Latin multiplicāre. By surface analysis, multi- + plier.


TVA

taxe sur la valeur ajoutée
taxe sur la valeur ajoutée#French

(taxation) Initialism of taxe sur la valeur ajoutée: VAT (value-added tax)