abduction

Learned borrowing from Latin abductiō(n) (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results).

lbor

(logic, computing) abductive reasoning; abduction


accorder

accorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accordant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
accordé (participle past)
accorde (first-person indicative present singular)
accordes (indicative present second-person singular)
accorde (indicative present singular third-person)
accordons (first-person indicative plural present)
accordez (indicative plural present second-person)
accordent (indicative plural present third-person)
accordais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accordais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accordait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accordions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accordiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accordaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accordai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
accordas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
accorda (historic indicative past singular third-person)
accordâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
accordâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
accordèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
accorderai (first-person future indicative singular)
accorderas (future indicative second-person singular)
accordera (future indicative singular third-person)
accorderons (first-person future indicative plural)
accorderez (future indicative plural second-person)
accorderont (future indicative plural third-person)
accorderais (conditional first-person singular)
accorderais (conditional second-person singular)
accorderait (conditional singular third-person)
accorderions (conditional first-person plural)
accorderiez (conditional plural second-person)
accorderaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
accorde (first-person present singular subjunctive)
accordes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
accorde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
accordions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
accordiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
accordent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
accordasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
accordasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accordât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accordassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
accordassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accordassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accorde (imperative second-person singular)
accordons (first-person imperative plural)
accordez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: acorda

Inherited from Middle French accorder, from Old French acorder, from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, derived from Latin cor (“heart”). By surface analysis, accord + -er.


langue

Haitian Creole: lang

Karipúna Creole French: lang

desc

Louisiana Creole: lang, lalanng, lalongn, lalangn, lalang, long

Seychellois Creole: lalang

→ English: langue

Inherited from Middle French langue, from Old French langue, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).
See cognates in regional languages in France: Norman laungue, Gallo lenghe, Picard lingke, Bourguignon laingue, Franco-Provençal lengoua, Occitan lenga, Corsican lingua.

inh

tourner sa langue sept fois dans sa bouche

tourner sept fois sa langue dans sa bouche

la langue maternelle

une langue étrangère

Elle parle trois langues.

faire parler la langue française
to make speak the French language — Bertrand Barère

(linguistics) language (system of communication using written or spoken words)


Romania

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía).

bor+

(academic, historical, linguistics) the Romance speaking areas of Europe


accent

→ Norwegian Bokmål: accent

→ Turkish: aksan

Inherited from Middle French accent, from Old French acent, accent, borrowed from Latin accentus (“accent, tone, accentuation”).


mikado

Borrowed from Japanese 御門 (mikado), from 御 (mi, “honorable”) + 門 (kado, “gate, portal”).

com

(history) mikado, a former title of the emperors of Japan during a certain period


interjection

Inherited from Old French interjection, borrowed from Latin interiectiōnem.


nature

Inherited from Middle French nature, Old French nature, borrowed from Latin nātūra.


homophone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος (homóphōnos, “speaking the same language, making the same sound, in agreement, in unison”), from ὁμός (homós, “same”) + -φωνος (-phōnos, “with respect to language or sound”), a suffix derived from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, language”), in the linguistic sense coined by French philologist Jean-François Champollion 1822 (for the adjective) and 1824 (for the noun).


argument

Borrowed from Latin argūmentum, from arguō (“prove, argue”).

(grammar) argument of a verb, phrase syntactically connected to a verb (object and subject)


finale

(linguistics) final phoneme (final phoneme in a syllable. Often used in the study of Chinese languages)

(grammar) final letter, final syllable (last letter of a word, or last syllable of a sentence)


article

→ Romanian: articol (partly)

→ Russian: артикль (artiklʹ)

Inherited from Old French article, borrowed from Latin articulus. Compare the inherited doublet orteil.


usage

From Latin ūsus + -age. Compare Medieval Latin usagium.

(lexicography) the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority)


augment

L’augment syllabique consiste en l’addition d’une syllabe ; l’augment temporel, dans le changement d’une brève en longue.

Syllabic augment consists of the addition of a syllable; temporal augment in changing it from short to long.


instrumental

→ Turkish: enstrümantal

Learned borrowing from Late Latin īnstrūmentālis. By surface analysis, instrument + -al.

lbor

(grammar) instrumental case, instrumental


ogre

→ Asturian: ogru

→ Catalan: ogre

→ Dutch: oger

→ English: ogre

→ German: Oger

→ Hungarian: ogre

→ Japanese: オーガ (ōga)

→ Korean: 오거 (ogeo)

→ Malayalam: ഓഗർ (ōgaṟ)

→ Polish: ogr

→ Portuguese: ogro, ogre

→ Spanish: ogro

Inherited from Old French ogre, itself probably an alteration, with influence from words like bougre, of an earlier form *orc, from Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”), with metathesis. According to the Trésor de la langue française informatisé, first attested in the late 12th century meaning 'fierce non-Christian', and ca. 1300 meaning 'human-eating giant' (in fairy tales). Cognate with Old Spanish huerco (“the Devil”), Spanish huerco (“depressed man in the dark”), Italian orco (“ogre, orc”). Doublet of orque.
See also French lutin (“imp, pixie”), possibly from Old French netun (“marine monster”), derived from Latin Neptūnus, and also Old French gene (“mischievous fairy”) and Romanian zână (“fairy”), both inherited forms of Latin Diāna. A sermon by Merovingian French bishop St. Eligius (died 659) advises people against belief in Neptune, Diana, Orcus and Minerva.


personne

Inherited from Middle French personne, from Old French persone, presonne, from Latin persona, of unknown, perhaps Etruscan, origin.

première personne

deuxième personne

troisième personne


transparent

fr-adj

transparent (feminine transparente, masculine plural transparents, feminine plural transparentes)

transparente (feminine)
transparents (masculine plural)
transparentes (feminine plural)

→ Turkish: transparan

Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānspārentem (“transparent”), present participle of transpareō, from Latin trāns + pareō.

bor+

un mot transparent

(linguistics) having the same meaning in several languages


affect

(psychology, philosophy) affect; emotion


Zeus

Vietnamese: Dớt

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).


roman

fr-adj

roman (feminine romane, masculine plural romans, feminine plural romanes)

romane (feminine)
romans (masculine plural)
romanes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin romanusor derived from the French noun below, itself from Old French romanz (“common language”).


corpus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin corpus (“body”). Doublet of corps.


nymphe

→ Turkish: nemf

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French nimphe, borrowed from Latin nympha or nymphē (“nymph”), from Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē, “young woman, nymph”).


timbre

→ Hausa: tambur

→ Luxembourgish: Timber

→ Persian: تمبر
→ Azerbaijani: təmr

Inherited from Old French timbre, via Byzantine Greek, from Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum”). Less likely a direct descendant of Latin tympanum. Doublet of tympan.


glottal

fr-adj

glottal (feminine glottale, masculine plural glottaux, feminine plural glottales)

glottale (feminine)
glottaux (masculine plural)
glottales (feminine plural)

Derived from glott(e) (“glottis”) + -al (“-al”, adjectival derivational suffix).

af

(phonetics) articulated with the glottis, glottal


adresse

Inherited from Middle French [Term?], from Old French adrece, from Old French adresser. Equivalent to a deverbal from adresser.


mode

Inherited from Middle French mode, from Old French mode f, ultimately from Latin modus m. The masculine gender was reintroduced for some senses during the Middle French period under influence of the Latin. Doublet of mœuf.


liaison

→ English: liaison

→ Italian: liaison

Inherited from Old French, from Late Latin ligātiōnem, derived from Latin ligō (“bind”), or formed from lier + -aison based on the Latin word. Compare also Old Occitan liazó, liazon.

(linguistics) liaison (phonological phenomenon)


final

fr-adj

final (feminine finale, masculine plural finals or finaux, feminine plural finales)

finale (feminine)
finals (masculine plural)
finaux (masculine plural)
finales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: final

→ Turkish: final

(linguistics, grammar) expressing purpose


calque

→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)

→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)

→ Czech: kalk

→ English: calque

→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)

→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)

→ Latvian: kalks

→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)

→ Polish: kalka

→ Romanian: calc

→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)

→ Slovak: kalk

→ Slovene: kalk

→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)

→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)

Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).


sphinx

fr-noun

sphinx m (plural sphinx, feminine sphinge)

Borrowed from Latin sphinx f, from Ancient Greek Σφίγξ (Sphínx).

(Egyptian mythology, Greek mythology) sphinx


yin-yang

(Chinese philosophy) yin-yang (opposite principles in Chinese philosophy)


aperture

Borrowed from Latin apertūra (“opening”). Doublet of ouverture.

bor+

(phonetics, phonology) opening, openness, aperture


futur

Le verbe manger à la deuxième personne du singulier du futur simple donne: Tu mangeras.

The verb manger, in the second person singular future simple becomes: Tu mangeras (You will eat).


coda

Borrowed from Italian coda. Doublet of queue.


Neptune

(Roman mythology) Neptune (Roman god of the sea)


Uranus

(Roman mythology) Caelus (Roman deity) Note: The Greek deity Uranus is Ouranos


liminal

fr-adj

liminal (feminine liminale, masculine plural liminaux, feminine plural liminales)

liminale (feminine)
liminaux (masculine plural)
liminales (feminine plural)


radical

Learned borrowing from Late Latin rādīcālis.


dental

fr-adj

dental (feminine dentale, masculine plural dentaux, feminine plural dentales)

dentale (feminine)
dentaux (masculine plural)
dentales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dentālis, from Latin dēns (“a tooth”). By surface analysis, dent + -al.


moteur

→ Persian: موتور

Borrowed from Latin mōtor. Displaced Old French mouveur.

Selon Aristote, Dieu est le moteur non mû.

According to Aristotle, God is the unmoved mover.

(philosophy) mover; one who causes a movement [from 1377]


relative

Ellipsis of proposition subordonnée relative.

ellipsis

(grammar) relative clause, adjectival clause, adjective clause


plaid

From Old French plait, from Latin placitum.

(history) placitum (kind of medieval council)


trouble

→ German: Trubel

Deverbal from troubler or from Old French troble.

trouble bipolaire

trouble de la personnalité

trouble de l’érection

trouble de l’humeur

trouble du sommeil

trouble mental

trouble obsessionnel compulsif

trouble psychiatrique

trouble psychique


oligarchie

→ Turkish: oligarşi

First known attestation 1370-1372 in Les Ethiques en françois a translation of Aristotle by Nicolas Oresme, borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía).


intellect

Borrowed from Late Latin intellēctus (“understanding, intellect”), perfect passive participle of Latin intellegō (“understand; reason”).


hiatus

Learned borrowing from Latin hiātus (“opening”), from hiō (“stand open”).


palatal

fr-adj

palatal (feminine palatale, masculine plural palataux, feminine plural palatales)

palatale (feminine)
palataux (masculine plural)
palatales (feminine plural)


grave

→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave

Inherited from Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.

Quatre de ces voyelles sont graves: a, o, u, œu.

1911 April, “Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques”, in Dictionnaire turc-français:

Four of these are vowels are back [vowels], a, o, u, [and] œu


nasal

nasal (feminine nasale, masculine plural nasaux, feminine plural nasales)

nasale (feminine)
nasaux (masculine plural)
nasales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from Latin nāsus (“nose”).


voix

Inherited from Middle French voix, from Old French voiz, from Latin vōcem, accusative of vōx (“voice”), from Proto-Italic *wōks, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs.


grimoire

→ Catalan: grimori

→ English: grimoire

→ Italian: grimorio

→ Portuguese: grimório

→ Spanish: grimorio

A variant of grammaire, from Old French gramaire (“grammar; grimoire; conjurer, magician”), from Latin grammatica (“grammar; philology”), from grammaticus (“relating to grammar, grammatical”), from Ancient Greek γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός (grammatikós, “knowing one's letters; concerned with textual criticism”), from γράμμα (grámma, “that which is drawn or written; letter; book, writing”) + -ῐκός (-ikós, suffix added to noun stems to form adjectives). γράμμα is derived from γρᾰ́φω (gráphō, “to cut into, scratch; to draw, paint; to write”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve”)) + -μᾰ (-ma, suffix added to verbal stems forming neuter nouns denoting the result of, a particular instance of, or the object of an action).

af

ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*gerbʰ-</i> (“to carve”)


genre

→ Bulgarian: жанр (žanr)

→ Dalmatian: genro

→ Danish: genre

→ Dutch: genre

→ English: genre

→ Finnish: genre

→ Franco-Provençal: janro

→ German: Genre

→ Macedonian: жанр (žanr)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: genre, sjanger

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: genre, sjanger

→ Persian: ژانر (žânr)

desctree

→ Russian: жанр (žanr)
→ Armenian: ժանր (žanr)
→ Estonian: žanr
→ Kazakh: жанр (janr)
→ Latvian: žanrs
→ Lithuanian: žanras
→ Turkmen: žanr
→ Uyghur: ژانىر (zhanir)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̏нр

Latin script: žȁnr

→ Swedish: genre

→ Ukrainian: жанр (žanr)

From Old French gen(d)re, borrowed from Latin genere. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from English gender.

semantic loan

Les mots français sont du genre masculin ou du genre féminin.

French words are either of masculine or feminine gender.

Huit choses arrivent au Verbe : Le Genre, le Mœuf, le Tems, la Personne, le Nombre, la Conjugaison, la Figure, ou la forme. Il y a cinq Genres de Verbes Personnels: l’Actif, le Passif, le Neutre, le Déponent & le Commun.

1742, Nova elementa seu rudimenta linguae latinae, page 52:


atone

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄτονος (átonos).


aspect

Borrowed from Latin aspectus. The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Russian вид (vid).

(grammar) aspect (grammatical quality of a verb)


incise

(grammar) a part of a sentence, set between em dashes


marc

From Old French marc (12th c.), from Frankish *mark. Doublet of mark. Also related with marque and marche (“frontier”).

(history) a weight, especially of gold and silver, equivalent to ca. 245 grams


labial

fr-adj

labial (feminine labiale, masculine plural labiaux, feminine plural labiales)

labiale (feminine)
labiaux (masculine plural)
labiales (feminine plural)


dislocation

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dislocātiōnem.

bor+

dislocation à droite

dislocation à gauche


fixation

(psychology, informal) fixation, obsession


extension

Inherited from Old French estension, borrowed from Latin extentiōnem.

(semantics, linguistics) semantic widening


interrogation

Borrowed from Latin interrogātiōnem. By surface analysis, interroger + -ation.


isolation

From isoler + -ation. Attested since 1774.

(linguistics) isolation (low number of morphemes per word on average)

defense mechanism
defense mechanism#English

(psychology) isolation (a Freudian defense mechanism)


Scylla

From Latin Scylla, from Ancient Greek Σκύλλα (Skúlla).

de Charybde en Scylla


vedette

→ Dutch: vedette

→ English: vedette

→ Italian: vedette

→ Polish: wedeta

→ Portuguese: vedeta

→ Romanian: vedetă

→ Spanish: vedete

(lexicography) headword (word used as the title of a section)


temps

Inherited from Old French temps and its variants, from Latin tempus.

en moins de temps qu’il ne faut pour le dire

un temps composé

un temps simple

changez le temps du verbe


SN

(linguistics) Initialism of syntagme nominal (“noun phrase; NP”).


masculin

fr-adj

masculin (feminine masculine, masculine plural masculins, feminine plural masculines)

masculine (feminine)
masculins (masculine plural)
masculines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French masculin, borrowed from Latin māsculīnus.


apartheid

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + -heid (cognate of English -hood).

af

cognate of English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-hood</i>

fr:Apartheid en Afrique du Sud
fr:apartheid

(history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)


mouiller

mouiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mouillant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
mouillé (participle past)
mouille (first-person indicative present singular)
mouilles (indicative present second-person singular)
mouille (indicative present singular third-person)
mouillons (first-person indicative plural present)
mouillez (indicative plural present second-person)
mouillent (indicative plural present third-person)
mouillais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mouillais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mouillait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mouillions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mouilliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mouillaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mouillai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
mouillas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
mouilla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
mouillâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
mouillâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
mouillèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
mouillerai (first-person future indicative singular)
mouilleras (future indicative second-person singular)
mouillera (future indicative singular third-person)
mouillerons (first-person future indicative plural)
mouillerez (future indicative plural second-person)
mouilleront (future indicative plural third-person)
mouillerais (conditional first-person singular)
mouillerais (conditional second-person singular)
mouillerait (conditional singular third-person)
mouillerions (conditional first-person plural)
mouilleriez (conditional plural second-person)
mouilleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
mouille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mouilles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mouille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mouillions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mouilliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mouillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mouillasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
mouillasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mouillât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mouillassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mouillassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mouillassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mouille (imperative second-person singular)
mouillons (first-person imperative plural)
mouillez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French moillier, from Vulgar Latin *molliāre (“soak”), a verb based on Latin mollis (“soft”). Compare Occitan molhar.


objet

Turkish: obje

Coordinate term: sujet


composition

→ Korean: 콩포지숑 (kongpojisyong) (rare)

→ Turkish: kompozisyon

Inherited from Old French composicion, borrowed from Latin compositiōnem.

(linguistics) composition, formation of compound words


ellipse

Borrowed from Latin ellīpsis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis).


proposition

From Latin prōpositiōnem (“statement, proposition”), from prōpōnō (“propose”), from pōnō (“place; assume”).


essence

→ Dutch: essence

→ Finnish: esanssi

→ Romanian: esență

→ Turkish: esans

→ Vietnamese: ét-xăng

From Old French, from Latin essentia. Sense 2 very likely from Latin edō (“eat”), in the sense of 'what is eaten, fuel'. Many forms of the latter are indistinguishable from the former, and so the confusion with essence is very understandable.


valet

→ Bulgarian: вале́ (valé)

→ Greek: βαλές (valés)

→ Portuguese: valete

desctree

→ Russian: вале́т (valét)
→ Ingrian: valetti

→ Turkish: vale

Inherited from Old French vaslet, from Medieval Latin *vassellittus, diminutive of Late Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).

der

(history) a male attendant of a knight or a lord

(history) officer belonging to the king's house or a princely house, also valet de chambre


catharsis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis).


trauma

From the Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”).

trauma psychique
trauma psychique#French

(psychology and psychoanalysis, elliptical use for trauma psychique) psychic trauma


conjuguer

conjuguer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
conjuguant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
conjugué (participle past)
conjugue (first-person indicative present singular)
conjugues (indicative present second-person singular)
conjugue (indicative present singular third-person)
conjuguons (first-person indicative plural present)
conjuguez (indicative plural present second-person)
conjuguent (indicative plural present third-person)
conjuguais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
conjuguais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
conjuguait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
conjuguions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
conjuguiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
conjuguaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
conjuguai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
conjuguas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
conjugua (historic indicative past singular third-person)
conjuguâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
conjuguâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
conjuguèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
conjuguerai (first-person future indicative singular)
conjugueras (future indicative second-person singular)
conjuguera (future indicative singular third-person)
conjuguerons (first-person future indicative plural)
conjuguerez (future indicative plural second-person)
conjugueront (future indicative plural third-person)
conjuguerais (conditional first-person singular)
conjuguerais (conditional second-person singular)
conjuguerait (conditional singular third-person)
conjuguerions (conditional first-person plural)
conjugueriez (conditional plural second-person)
conjugueraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
conjugue (first-person present singular subjunctive)
conjugues (present second-person singular subjunctive)
conjugue (present singular subjunctive third-person)
conjuguions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
conjuguiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
conjuguent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
conjuguasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
conjuguasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conjuguât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conjuguassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
conjuguassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conjuguassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conjugue (imperative second-person singular)
conjuguons (first-person imperative plural)
conjuguez (imperative plural second-person)


immanent

fr-adj

immanent (feminine immanente, masculine plural immanents, feminine plural immanentes)

immanente (feminine)
immanents (masculine plural)
immanentes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin immanēns.

lbor

Coordinate term: transcendant


intuition

Borrowed from Medieval Latin intuītiōnem.

bor+

(uncountable, philosophy) intuition (cognitive faculty)


conjugaison

From Middle French conjugaison, alteration of earlier conjugation, borrowed from Latin coniugātiōnem. Equivalent to conjuguer + -aison.


verbe

Learned borrowing from Latin verbum. Doublet of verve.


volition

Borrowed from Medieval Latin volitiōnem (“will, volition”), from Latin volō (“to wish, to will”).


apocope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ).


imparfait

(grammar) the past imperfect, the imperfect or continuous past tense


régime

→ English: regime, régime

→ German: Regime

→ Ottoman Turkish: رژیم (rejim)

Turkish: rejim

→ Persian: رژیم (režim)

→ Urdu: رژیم (režim)

→ Arabic: رجيم (rejim)

→ Romanian: regim

desctree

→ Russian: режи́м m (režím)
→ Azerbaijani: rejim
→ Kazakh: режим (rejim)


contexte

→ Turkish: kontekst


négationniste

fr-noun

négationniste m or f by sense (plural négationnistes)

(politics, philosophy) denialist, denier, negationist


pronom

Learned borrowing from Latin prōnōmen. By surface analysis, pro- + nom.


Marianne

(France, politics, philosophy) Marianne; a personification of France


moyen

fr-adj

moyen (feminine moyenne, masculine plural moyens, feminine plural moyennes)

moyenne (feminine)
moyens (masculine plural)
moyennes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French moyen, from Old French moien, earlier meien, inherited from Latin mediānus. Doublet of médian, a borrowing, and also of misaine.

[N]ormalement, le vocalisme radical du parfait moyen est semblable à celui de l’aoriste passif[.]

1976, Cornelius J. Ruigh, “Observations sur la flexion des verbes du type τρίβω, φρύγω: l'origine des alternances ῑ/ῐ et ῡ/ῠ”, in Studies in Greek, Italic, and Indo-European linguistics: offered to Leonard R. Palmer on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, June 5, 1976, →ISBN, page 340:

Normally, the root vocalism of the perfect middle is similar to that of the aorist passive.


lemme

Borrowed from the Latin lemma, itself a borrowing from the Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmma).


fini

fini (feminine finie, masculine plural finis, feminine plural finies)

finie (feminine)
finis (masculine plural)
finies (feminine plural)

(technical, philosophy) limited, finite (which has an end)

(grammar) finite (inflected for person or number)


Foucault

(philosophy) the French philosopher Michel Foucault


cas

Inherited from Old French cas, borrowed from Latin cāsus.


Cronos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κρόνος (Krónos).


Atlas

Learned borrowing from Latin Atlas, from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).

(Greek mythology) Atlas (son of Iapetus and Clymene, leader of the Titans ordered by Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders)


Scorpion

(astrology) the celestial constellation Scorpio


Vierge

From vierge (“virgin”), from Latin virgō.


allophone

Coordinate term: phonème

(phonetics, phonology) allophone (any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme)


phonème

→ Dutch: foneem
→ Indonesian: fonem

→ German: Phonem

Greek: φώνημα n (fónima, “phoneme”)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma).

lbor

Coordinate term: phone

ce phonème, qui fleurit aussi bien dans l’extrême Orient que dans notre Basse-Normandie, tient le milieu entre notre a grave et l’o grave moyen des mots fort! encore! etc.

this sound, as abundant in the Far East as in our own Lower Normandy occupies the ground between our à sound and the middle o of words like fort! and encore!

Tout phonème suppose un réseau d’oppositions avec les autres phonèmes du même système. La thèse saussurienne précise: «Les phonèmes sont avant tout des entités oppositives, relative et négatives.»

Every phoneme assumes a network of contrasts with other phonemes in the same system. In de Saussure's words: "Phonemes are defined above all by opposition, relativity, by what they are not."

(phonetics, phonology) phoneme (indivisible unit of sound in a given language)


griffon

Inherited from Old French grifon (grif + -on), from Latin grȳphus, gryps, from Ancient Greek γρύψ (grúps).

inh+

(mythology) griffin (legendary creature)


triton

Learned borrowing from Latin Trītōn, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek Τρίτων (Trítōn).


passé simple

Je comprends que je manque de maîtrise / Mais heureusement, j’assume mes bêtises / Votre passé simple n’est pas si simple

2023, “French Kiss”, performed by Chilly Gonzales:

I understand that I lack control / But fortunately, I take responsibility for my mistakes / Your simple past is not so simple

(grammar) past historic tense, a tense used in some languages (such as French and Italian) in narrative, roughly equivalent to the simple past or preterite in English


entrée

→ Danish: entré

→ English: entrée

→ Greek: αντρέ (antré)

→ Swedish: entré

→ Turkish: antre

(lexicography) headword, entry (in a dictionary, encyclopedia)


prescription

Inherited from Old French prescripcion, itself borrowed from Latin praescrīptiō.

Coordinate term: description

(linguistics) prescription (act of establishing or formalizing ideal norms for language use, as opposed to describing the actual norms of such use)


sujet

→ Macedonian: сиже́ (sižé)

desctree

→ Russian: сюже́т (sjužét)
→ Kazakh: сюжет (süjet)

→ Serbo-Croatian: sìžē, сѝже̄

→ Slovak: sujet

→ Turkish: süje


parfait

Calque of Latin perfectus based on French par- + fait, inherited from Latin per- and factus respectively.


imago

(psychology) imago (idealized image of a loved one)


âme

Inherited from Middle French ame, amme, from Old French ame, anme, anima, from Latin anima.


crase

From Ancient Greek κρᾶσις (krâsis, “mixture”).

der

La crase est très employée dans la conversation courante populaire.

Crasis is very often employed in modern colloquial conversation.

τοὐμόν, κἀγώ, κᾆτα sont les crases de τὸ ἐμόν, καὶ ἐγώ, καὶ εἶτα

τοὐμόν, κἀγώ, κᾆτα are the crasic forms of τὸ ἐμόν, καὶ ἐγώ, καὶ εἶτα

(linguistics) crasis (contraction of a vowel at the end of a word with the start of the next word), (especially) in Ancient Greek


diable

Haitian Creole: dyab

→ English: diable, diablo

Chinook Jargon: le diaub

Inherited from Middle French diable, from Old French diable, deable, a semi-learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin or Late Latin diabolus, from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).


menhir

Borrowed from Breton maen-hir, from maen (“stone”) + hir (“tall”) (compare Welsh maen hir, Cornish mênhere).


Osiris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὄσιρις (Ósiris), from Egyptian 𓁹𓊨𓀭.


coronal

fr-adj

coronal (feminine coronale, masculine plural coronaux, feminine plural coronales)

coronale (feminine)
coronaux (masculine plural)
coronales (feminine plural)

From Latin corōnālis, from corōna (“a crown”).

(anatomy, astronomy, botany, phonetics) coronal


locution

Borrowed from Latin locūtiōnem (“speech”), from loqui (“speak”).

bor+

w:Trésor de la langue française informatisé

(linguistics) locution (a group of words with the grammatical value of a single word)


syncope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ).


racine

Inherited from Old French *raicine, from Late Latin rādīcīna (“root”), from Latin rādīx, rādīcis (“root”), from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

jardin des racines grecques

les racines latines en français


Annam

English: Annam

Vietnamese: An Nam

Borrowed from Vietnamese An Nam, from Chinese 安南 (Ānnán).

(history) Annam (a former colonial province of China, now part of Vietnam's present-day Tonkin)

(history) Annam (a former French colony, one of the French protectorates in Vietnam, located in Central Vietnam)


traduction

fr-noun

traduction f (countable and uncountable, plural traductions)

Learned borrowing from Latin trāductiō (“transferring, translation”, literally “leading across”), from trādūcō (“to lead across”), from trāns (“across”) + dūcō (“to lead”).

lbor

Coordinate term: interprétation

traduction à vue

traduction automatique

traduction assistée par ordinateur

(translation studies, uncountable) translation (the discipline or study of translating written language)


Diane

→ English: Diane
→ Portuguese: Daiane


ascendant

PIE word
 *h₂éd
From Old French ascendant, borrowed from Latin ascendentem, the accusative singular of ascendēns (“ascending, rising”), the present participle of ascendō, adscendō (“to climb up, go up, move upwards; to rise; to spring up”), from ad- (prefix meaning ‘(up) to’) + scandō (“to ascend, climb, mount; to clamber”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to climb, scale; to dart; to jump; to scan (poetry)”)).


muet

fr-adj

muet (feminine muette, masculine plural muets, feminine plural muettes)

muette (feminine)
muets (masculine plural)
muettes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French mut, muet, from Old French mu, mut, mui, from Latin mūtus, of Proto-Indo-European origin.

« Le » et « la » deviennent « l’ » devant une voyelle ou un « h » muet.

Le and la become l' before a vowel or a silent "h".


présent

présent (feminine présente, masculine plural présents, feminine plural présentes)

présente (feminine)
présents (masculine plural)
présentes (feminine plural)


SOV

(linguistics) Initialism of sujet-objet-verbe, equivalent to English SOV (subject-object-verb).


subordination

Borrowed from Late Latin subordinātiōnem. See also subordonner and -ation.


attaque

→ German: Attacke

→ Polish: atak

→ Romanian: atac


populaire

→ Turkish: popüler

République populaire démocratique de Corée


assemblage

(archaeology) assemblage (group of different artifacts found in association with one another)


conséquence

la conséquence logique

la conséquence matérielle

la conséquence syntaxique et la conséquence sémantique

syntactic consequence and semantic consequence


sourd

fr-adj

sourd (feminine sourde, masculine plural sourds, feminine plural sourdes)

sourde (feminine)
sourds (masculine plural)
sourdes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French sourd, from Old French sourt, sord, surt, surz, from Latin surdus, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”).


drapeau

Haitian Creole: drapo

Louisiana Creole: drapo

From Old French drapel. By surface analysis, drap (“cloth”) + -eau (diminutive suffix).


hippocampe

Learned borrowing from Latin hippocampus, from Ancient Greek ἱππόκαμπος (hippókampos), from ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + κάμπος (kámpos, “sea-monster”).


Ys

1955, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tristes Tropiques (1993 edition), Plon, chapter IX, page 89; translated 1973 by John and Doreen Weightman as Tristes Tropiques (2011 edition), Penguin Books

The bay at Rio eats right into the heart of the city: you land in the centre, as if the other half, like the fabled town of Ys, had already been engulfed by waves.

Rio est mordu par sa baie jusqu’au cœur; on débarque en plein centre, comme si l’autre moitié, nouvelle Ys, avait été déjà dévorée par les flots.


Vénus

Comme l’ardant brandon Vénus

Guillaume de Lorris, Le Roman de la Rose 33.1

Like a burning torch Venus
helped the Lover more than anything


noyau

Backformed from Old French noyaus, plural of noyal, from Late Latin nucālis, from Latin nux.

(phonetics, phonology) nucleus of a syllable


copule

Borrowed from Latin copula. Doublet of couple.


liquide

Inherited from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus.

(phonology) liquid (class of consonant sounds)


renverser

renverser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
renversant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
renversé (participle past)
renverse (first-person indicative present singular)
renverses (indicative present second-person singular)
renverse (indicative present singular third-person)
renversons (first-person indicative plural present)
renversez (indicative plural present second-person)
renversent (indicative plural present third-person)
renversais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
renversais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
renversait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
renversions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
renversiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
renversaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
renversai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
renversas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
renversa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
renversâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
renversâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
renversèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
renverserai (first-person future indicative singular)
renverseras (future indicative second-person singular)
renversera (future indicative singular third-person)
renverserons (first-person future indicative plural)
renverserez (future indicative plural second-person)
renverseront (future indicative plural third-person)
renverserais (conditional first-person singular)
renverserais (conditional second-person singular)
renverserait (conditional singular third-person)
renverserions (conditional first-person plural)
renverseriez (conditional plural second-person)
renverseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
renverse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
renverses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
renverse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
renversions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
renversiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
renversent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
renversasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
renversasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
renversât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
renversassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
renversassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
renversassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
renverse (imperative second-person singular)
renversons (first-person imperative plural)
renversez (imperative plural second-person)

From re- + Old French enverser, the latter from Latin inversāre.

(transitive, grammar) to invert (change the positions of words in a sentence)


motivé

fr-adj

motivé (feminine motivée, masculine plural motivés, feminine plural motivées)

motivée (feminine)
motivés (masculine plural)
motivées (feminine plural)

un signe motivé

(semiotics) motivated, bearing a necessity between the signed and the signifier


obvie

Borrowed from Latin obvius, from ob- (“against”) + via (“way”).


conditionnel

Borrowed from Medieval Latin conditiōnālis (“conditional”), from conditiō (“condition”).

bor+

(linguistics, grammar) conditional, the conditional mood or the conditional tense


neutre

Inherited from Old French neutre, from Latin neuter.


fleuve

Inherited from Middle French fleuve, from late Old French flueve (12th cent.), according to the traditional view, a dissimilated form of fluive, fluie, a re-borrowing of Latin fluvius (“stream”). Alternatively, confluence with Old French fluet, flot ("river, flood"; from Frankish *flōd) and/or borrowing from Old Norse flóð (“tidal flood, estuarine river or flood”) cannot be ruled out. See flot. Replaced native Old French fluns, flum, from Latin flūmen (compare Occitan flume, Romansch flüm, Italian fiume).

gl

"river, flood"; from Frankish <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*flōd</i>

cog

Les îles grandissent peu à peu et s’entourent d’une large ceinture de roches tapissées de mousses noirâtres ou de longs fucus bruns qui pendent à leurs flancs comme les roseaux de marbre dont les sculpteurs du dernier siècle ornaient leurs statues de fleuves.

1842, Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, “L’Archipel de Chausey, souvenirs d’un Naturaliste,”, in Revue des Deux Mondes, volume 30:

The islands gradually grow and are surrounded by a broad belt of rocks carpeted with blackish mosses or long brown seaweed hanging from their sides, like the marble reeds with which last century's sculptors decorated their statues of river gods.

(mythology, art) a river god, or the allegorical artistic representation of a river as an old, bearded man lying on reeds and holding or leaning on an urn from which the river's water flows


pulsion

Borrowed from Latin pulsiōnem, from pulsus.


Pallas

Borrowed from Latin Pallas, from Ancient Greek Παλλάς (Pallás).


réciproque

Learned borrowing from Latin reciprocus.


réciproque

La réciproque de A#x5C;RightarrowB est B#x5C;RightarrowA.
The converse of A⇒B is B⇒A.


singulier

fr-adj

singulier (feminine singulière, masculine plural singuliers, feminine plural singulières)

singulière (feminine)
singuliers (masculine plural)
singulières (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin singulāris. Doublet of sanglier.


idée fixe

→ English: idée fixe

→ English: fixed idea (calque)

→ Swedish: fix idé (calque)

→ Russian: идефикс (idefiks)

desc

→ Russian: идея фикс (ideja fiks) (partial calque)


Poissons

the plural of poisson (“fish”), from Latin piscis (plural pisces, hence Pisces); the municipality (and hence the canton) may have an entirely different (Latin? Celtic?) origin, possibly aligned by popular etymology

(astrology) the zodiac sign Pisces, after the above


compteur

→ Khmer: កុងទ័រ (kongtɔə)

→ Lombard: contoeur

→ Malagasy: kaontera

→ Piedmontese: conteur

→ Vietnamese: công tơ

From compter (“to count”) + -eur (“-er”). Doublet of conteur. Compare comptoir.


formant

Borrowed from German Formant, from Latin fōrmāns (“shaping; forming; fashioning”), present participle of fōrmō (“to shape; to form; to fashion”). Doublet of formans.

der

(physics, phonetics) formant (band of frequencies, in a sound spectrum, that have a greater intensity; they determine the quality of a sound; especially the characteristic sounds of the consonants)

(linguistic morphology) formative (language unit, typically a morph, that has a morphological function)


phonologie

→ Turkish: fonoloji


réfection

Borrowed from Latin refectiōnem (“recovery, refection”), from reficiō (“restore, renew”).

bor+

(linguistics) refashioning, restoration, on the basis of its etymology, of a word which has undergone phonetic erosion through regular sound laws; the word resulting from that process


initiale

* (Meaning 1 from the noun) From French lettre initiale.
* (Meaning 2 from the noun) From French consonne initiale.

(linguistics) initial, onset (first consonantal phoneme in a syllable. Often used in the study of Chinese languages)


adnominal

fr-adj

adnominal (feminine adnominale, masculine plural adnominaux, feminine plural adnominales)

adnominale (feminine)
adnominaux (masculine plural)
adnominales (feminine plural)


substantif

substantif (feminine substantive, masculine plural substantifs, feminine plural substantives)

substantive (feminine)
substantifs (masculine plural)
substantives (feminine plural)

From Late Latin substantīvum, neuter singular of substantīvus (“substantive”), from substantia (“substance, essence”).


Anubis

(Egyptian mythology) Anubis (Egyptian god of burial)


angoisse

Inherited from Old French angoisse, from Latin angustia.


actif

actif (feminine active, masculine plural actifs, feminine plural actives)

active (feminine)
actifs (masculine plural)
actives (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French actif, from Latin āctīvus.

la voix active


actif

→ Turkish: aktif


Ariane

English: Ariane


proscription

From Latin prōscrīptiōnem, from prōscrībere (originally "publish in writing"), from prō- and scrībere.

(history) Condemnation made against political opponents, especially the Roman antiquity and during the French Revolution


Élysée

→ English: Élysée

→ Korean: 엘리제 (Ellije)

Borrowed from Latin Elysium n, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἠλῠ́σῐον n (Ēlúsion).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Elysium


souche

Inherited from Middle French souche, from Old French çoche, from Vulgar Latin *tsucca, from Gaulish *tsukka, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“stock; stump”). Cognate with Catalan and Spanish soca, Sicilian zuccu. More at English stock.

der

un mot de souche latine


inverti

Comme, dans presque tous les cas en question, l’inverti présente des tares névropathiques de plusieurs sortes et que ces tares peuvent être mises en corrélation avec des conditions dégénératives héréditaires, on peut, au point de vue clinique, considérer cette anomalie du sentiment psychosexuel comme un stigmate de dégénérescence fonctionnelle.

1895, R. von Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathia Sexualis:

(obsolete, psychology) an invert; a homosexual


complexe

From Latin complexus, from com-, combining form of cum, with, and plex, fold.


folie du pourquoi

fr-noun

folie du pourquoi f (usually uncountable, plural folies du pourquoi)

Literally, “the insanity (madness) of why”.

lit

(psychology) A medical condition in which a patient has a psychopathological urge to compulsively pose questions.


thèse

→ Armenian: թեզ (tʻez)

→ Dutch: these

→ Persian: تز (tez)

→ Romanian: teză

→ Turkish: tez

Learned borrowing from Latin thesis, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis).

(philosophy) thesis (the initial stage of reasoning where a formal statement of a point is developed, followed by the antithesis and the synthesis)


indicatif

Inherited from Old French indicatif, a borrowing from Late Latin indicātīvus.


gérondif

From Latin gerundīvus (“of a gerund”), from gerundium (“gerund”), from gerundus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).

(grammar) a syntactical construction of French composed of the present participle preceded with the preposition en, used to express simultaneity or manner; an adverbial participle


différance

Coined by Jacques Derrida in 1959 from différer + -ance, as a pun on the homophonous word différence.

(literary theory, linguistics) différance


passage à l'acte

fr-noun

passage à l’acte m (plural passages à l’acte)

passage à l’ acte (canonical masculine)
passages à l’acte (plural)


hapax

From Ancient Greek ἅπαξ (hápax, “once”).

(linguistics, lexicography) hapax, hapax legomenon


épithète

From Middle French épithète, from Latin epithetum, epitheton, from Ancient Greek ἐπίθετον (epítheton, “epithet, adjective”), the neuter of ἐπίθετος (epíthetos, “attributed, added”), from ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi, “to add on”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “in addition”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, to do”)).

der

attributive adjective
attributive adjective

(linguistics, grammar) Refers to a descriptive word or phrase that modifies a nominal element without an intervening verb.


manie

Borrowed from Latin mania or Ancient Greek μανία (manía, “madness”).


affixe

→ Romanian: afix


ontologie

→ Turkish: ontoloji

Learned borrowing from New Latin ontologia. By surface analysis, onto- + -logie.

lbor

(philosophy) ontology (the branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist)


néologisme

From Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new”) + λόγος (lógos, “word”) + -isme.


mot souche

(linguistics) root (word from which another word or words are derived)


passé surcomposé

fr-noun

passé surcomposé m (plural passés surcomposés)

(grammar) a past tense using two auxiliary verbs to conjugate


contraposition

contraposition f (plural contrapositions)


réel

Inherited from Middle French real, from Old French reel, from Late Latin reālis (“actual”), from Latin rēs.


actualiser

actualiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
actualisant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
actualisé (participle past)
actualise (first-person indicative present singular)
actualises (indicative present second-person singular)
actualise (indicative present singular third-person)
actualisons (first-person indicative plural present)
actualisez (indicative plural present second-person)
actualisent (indicative plural present third-person)
actualisais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
actualisais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
actualisait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
actualisions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
actualisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
actualisaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
actualisai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
actualisas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
actualisa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
actualisâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
actualisâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
actualisèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
actualiserai (first-person future indicative singular)
actualiseras (future indicative second-person singular)
actualisera (future indicative singular third-person)
actualiserons (first-person future indicative plural)
actualiserez (future indicative plural second-person)
actualiseront (future indicative plural third-person)
actualiserais (conditional first-person singular)
actualiserais (conditional second-person singular)
actualiserait (conditional singular third-person)
actualiserions (conditional first-person plural)
actualiseriez (conditional plural second-person)
actualiseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
actualise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
actualises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
actualise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
actualisions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
actualisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
actualisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
actualisasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
actualisasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
actualisât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
actualisassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
actualisassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
actualisassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
actualise (imperative second-person singular)
actualisons (first-person imperative plural)
actualisez (imperative plural second-person)


ataraxie

→ Romanian: ataraxie f

→ Turkish: ataraksi, ataraksiya

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀταραξία (ataraxía).


familier

fr-adj

familier (feminine familière, masculine plural familiers, feminine plural familières)

familière (feminine)
familiers (masculine plural)
familières (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin familiāris.

(linguistics) familiar, informal, colloquial


Arès

Borrowed from Latin Arēs, from Ancient Greek Ἄρης (Árēs).


Athéna

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ).


Poséidon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ποσειδῶν (Poseidôn).


Apollon

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Apollo (god)


dérivé

Dérivatif et dérivation sont des dérivés du verbe dériver

Derivative and derivation are terms derived from the verb to derive

(linguistics) a derived term, derivative


emphatique

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐμφατικός (emphatikós). By surface analysis, emphase + -ique with -t- /t/ replacing -se /z/.

(phonetics, linguistics) emphatic (characterized by emphasis)


épenthèse

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis).


cratère

Borrowed from Latin crātēr, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κρατήρ (kratḗr).


accusatif

Borrowed from Latin (cāsus) accūsātīvus.


syntaxe

From Middle French sintaxe, borrowed from Late Latin syntaxis, from Ancient Greek σύνταξις (súntaxis), from σύν (sún, “together”) + τάξις (táxis, “arrangement”), from τάσσω (tássō, “to arrange”).

La syntaxe est, à l’origine, la branche de la linguistique qui étudie la manière dont les mots se combinent pour former des phrases ou des énoncés dans une langue.

Syntax is, in the beginning, the branch of linguistics that studies the way in which words combine to form sentences or utterances in a language.


morphologique

(relational) morphology; morphological
(linguistics)

(relational) morphology; morphological
(sociology)


anomal

fr-adj

anomal (feminine anomale, masculine plural anomaux, feminine plural anomales)

anomale (feminine)
anomaux (masculine plural)
anomales (feminine plural)

From Latin anōmalos, from Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos, “uneven, irregular, anomalous”).


affixer

affixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
affixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
affixé (participle past)
affixe (first-person indicative present singular)
affixes (indicative present second-person singular)
affixe (indicative present singular third-person)
affixons (first-person indicative plural present)
affixez (indicative plural present second-person)
affixent (indicative plural present third-person)
affixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
affixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
affixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
affixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
affixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
affixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
affixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
affixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
affixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
affixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
affixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
affixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
affixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
affixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
affixera (future indicative singular third-person)
affixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
affixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
affixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
affixerais (conditional first-person singular)
affixerais (conditional second-person singular)
affixerait (conditional singular third-person)
affixerions (conditional first-person plural)
affixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
affixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
affixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
affixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
affixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
affixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
affixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
affixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
affixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
affixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
affixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
affixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
affixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
affixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
affixe (imperative second-person singular)
affixons (first-person imperative plural)
affixez (imperative plural second-person)


égide

Borrowed from Latin aegidem, from Ancient Greek.

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) aegis


analyser

analyser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
analysant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
analysé (participle past)
analyse (first-person indicative present singular)
analyses (indicative present second-person singular)
analyse (indicative present singular third-person)
analysons (first-person indicative plural present)
analysez (indicative plural present second-person)
analysent (indicative plural present third-person)
analysais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
analysais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
analysait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
analysions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
analysiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
analysaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
analysai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
analysas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
analysa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
analysâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
analysâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
analysèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
analyserai (first-person future indicative singular)
analyseras (future indicative second-person singular)
analysera (future indicative singular third-person)
analyserons (first-person future indicative plural)
analyserez (future indicative plural second-person)
analyseront (future indicative plural third-person)
analyserais (conditional first-person singular)
analyserais (conditional second-person singular)
analyserait (conditional singular third-person)
analyserions (conditional first-person plural)
analyseriez (conditional plural second-person)
analyseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
analyse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
analyses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
analyse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
analysions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
analysiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
analysent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
analysasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
analysasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
analysât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
analysassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
analysassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
analysassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
analyse (imperative second-person singular)
analysons (first-person imperative plural)
analysez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: analiza

(grammar, transitive) to parse, to construe


isolant

fr-adj

isolant (feminine isolante, masculine plural isolants, feminine plural isolantes)

isolante (feminine)
isolants (masculine plural)
isolantes (feminine plural)


surhomme

First attested in the 19th century. Calque of German Übermensch. Also sur- + homme.


signifié

Coordinate term: signifiant


signifiant

Coordinate term: signifié


réfléchi

réfléchi (feminine réfléchie, masculine plural réfléchis, feminine plural réfléchies)

réfléchie (feminine)
réfléchis (masculine plural)
réfléchies (feminine plural)


dièse

→ Bulgarian: диез (diez)

→ Macedonian: диез (diez)

→ Persian: دیز (diyez)

→ Russian: диез (dijez)

→ Turkish: diyez

Borrowed from Latin diesis (“quarter-tone”), from Ancient Greek δίεσις (díesis).


aigu

fr-adj

aigu (feminine aiguë or aigüe, masculine plural aigus, feminine plural aiguës or aigües)

aiguë (feminine)
aigüe (feminine)
aigus (masculine plural)
aiguës (feminine plural)
aigües (feminine plural)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: aigu

Inherited from Middle French aigu, agu, from Old French agu, from Latin acūtus (“sharp”); related to English acute. The original Old French result was eü (preserved in the toponym Montheu < Latin Mons acutus (“sharp mountain”)), which was likely modified into the form agu based on the Latin, and then influenced by words like aigre, or aiguiser, as with aiguille.
Doublet of acut.

Les quatres autres e, i, u, oeu sont aiguës.


sifflant

sifflant (feminine sifflante, masculine plural sifflants, feminine plural sifflantes)

sifflante (feminine)
sifflants (masculine plural)
sifflantes (feminine plural)

(phonetics) relative to a sibilant (see sifflante)}}.


intransitif

intransitif (feminine intransitive, masculine plural intransitifs, feminine plural intransitives)

intransitive (feminine)
intransitifs (masculine plural)
intransitives (feminine plural)

(grammar, of a verb) intransitive (not taking a direct object)


sirène

→ Persian: سیرن (siren)

→ Portuguese: sirene

→ Turkish: siren

Borrowed from Latin sirēna, from Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). Cf. also Old French sereine. Doublet of serin.


drac

Borrowed from Occitan drac, from Latin dracō. Compare the doublet dragon.

(mythology) a type of mythological creature associated with the dangers of water


verbe pronominal

fr-noun

verbe pronominal m (plural verbes pronominaux)

verbe pronominal réfléchi

verbes pronominaux réciproques

verbe pronominal à sens passif

Le verbe « s’amuser » est un verbe pronominal. ― The verb s'amuser is a pronominal verb.

(grammar) pronominal verb, reflexive verb (verb that is conjugated with a personal pronoun complement, the partner, taking up the subject)


mécanisme

→ Romanian: mecanism

→ Turkish: mekanizm

Learned borrowing from New Latin mechanismus, from Ancient Greek μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “machine”).


Méduse

From Latin Medusa, from Ancient Greek Μέδουσα (Médousa).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Medusa


licorne

From Old French unicorne via reanalysis as une icorne (with indefinite article), followed by further reanalysis of the new definite form l'icorne, or from Italian alicorno, variant of liocorno.


ablatif

fr-adj

ablatif (feminine ablative, masculine plural ablatifs, feminine plural ablatives)

ablative (feminine)
ablatifs (masculine plural)
ablatives (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin (cāsus) ablātīvus (“ablative case, ablative”), from ablātus (“taken away”), from auferō (“to take away”).

bor+

(linguistics, rare, relational) of the ablative case


ablatif

(linguistics, uncountable) ablative, ablative case

(linguistics, countable) a word or expression in the ablative case


fondamentalisme

fr-noun

fondamentalisme m (plural fondamentalismes)

Borrowed from English fundamentalism. By surface analysis, fondamental + -isme.


mot-valise

fr-noun

mot-valise m (plural mots-valises or mots-valise)

mots-valises (plural)
mots-valise (plural)

(linguistics, lexicography) portmanteau word


transitif

fr-adj

transitif (feminine transitive, masculine plural transitifs, feminine plural transitives)

transitive (feminine)
transitifs (masculine plural)
transitives (feminine plural)

(grammar; of a verb) transitive (that takes an object or objects)


vocatif

Inherited from Middle French vocatif, borrowed from grammatical Latin vocātīvus.


autochtone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αὐτόχθων (autókhthōn).

bor+

(of a person, race, language, or the like) autochthonous, native, indigenous, aboriginal


féodalisme

→ Turkish: feodalizm

(history, economics, politics) feudalism


substrat

(linguistics) substrate (an indigenous language)


Gémeaux

From the plural of gémeau, a dialectal variant of jumeau (from Old French gemel), from Latin gemellus (“twin”).


Perséphone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Περσεφόνη (Persephónē).


émergence

Taken from the root of émergent, with the suffix -ence.

(sciences, philosophy) emergence (the arising of emergent structure in complex systems)


Hypnos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὕπνος (Húpnos).


comparatif

Inherited from Old French comparatif, borrowed from Latin comparātīvus, from comparō (“to compare”) + -īvus.

un comparatif de supériorité, le comparatif d’infériorité, et celui d’égalité

comparative (a grammatical structure used to compare or contrast)

Quatre mots français, dont trois adjectifs et un adverbe, ont un comparatif irrégulier.

comparative (a word, particularly an adjective or adverb, in comparative form)


Ulysse

Borrowed from Latin Ulyssēs. The Roman name is commonly used for the Greek character, perhaps because a Greek-derived name would be rendered identically to Odyssée (“Odyssey”).


inconscient

(psychology) unconscious, unconscious mind


dialecte

→ Romanian: dialect

→ Turkish: diyalekt

Inherited from Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos).

(linguistics) language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it


décliner

décliner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
déclinant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
décliné (participle past)
décline (first-person indicative present singular)
déclines (indicative present second-person singular)
décline (indicative present singular third-person)
déclinons (first-person indicative plural present)
déclinez (indicative plural present second-person)
déclinent (indicative plural present third-person)
déclinais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
déclinais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
déclinait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
déclinions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
décliniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
déclinaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
déclinai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
déclinas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
déclina (historic indicative past singular third-person)
déclinâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
déclinâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
déclinèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
déclinerai (first-person future indicative singular)
déclineras (future indicative second-person singular)
déclinera (future indicative singular third-person)
déclinerons (first-person future indicative plural)
déclinerez (future indicative plural second-person)
déclineront (future indicative plural third-person)
déclinerais (conditional first-person singular)
déclinerais (conditional second-person singular)
déclinerait (conditional singular third-person)
déclinerions (conditional first-person plural)
déclineriez (conditional plural second-person)
déclineraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
décline (first-person present singular subjunctive)
déclines (present second-person singular subjunctive)
décline (present singular subjunctive third-person)
déclinions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
décliniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
déclinent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
déclinasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
déclinasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
déclinât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
déclinassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
déclinassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
déclinassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
décline (imperative second-person singular)
déclinons (first-person imperative plural)
déclinez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French decliner, borrowed from Latin dēclīnāre.


infinitif

fr-adj

infinitif (feminine infinitive, masculine plural infinitifs, feminine plural infinitives)

infinitive (feminine)
infinitifs (masculine plural)
infinitives (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin īnfīnītīvus [modus].

proposition infinitive


infinitif

(grammar) infinitive (uninflected verb form)


diphtongue

Borrowed from Latin diphthongos or diphthongus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos, “diphthong”).


translittération

fr-noun

translittération f (plural translittérations)

(linguistics) transliteration (action of translitering)


existentialisme

existentialisme m (plural existentialismes)

→ Danish: eksistentialisme

→ Polish: egzystencjalizm

→ Romanian: existențialism

→ Swedish: existentialism

→ Turkish: egzistansiyalizm


relativisme

(philosophy) relativism (theory that truth and moral values are relative)


vouivre

Variant of guivre (a form influenced by Germanic), from Old French guivre (cf. also the form wivre), from Latin vīpera. See also the borrowed doublet vipère.

(mythology, regional) a mythical reptile said to inhabit Lorraine, Jura, and other regions of France


monophtongaison

monophtongaison f (plural monophtongaisons)


baryton

fr-adj

baryton (feminine barytonne, masculine plural barytons, feminine plural barytonnes)

barytonne (feminine)
barytons (masculine plural)
barytonnes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin barytŏnus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek βαρύτονος (barútonos).

lbor

Coordinate term: oxyton


dromomanie

(psychology, obsolete) an irrational impulse to wander or travel without purpose


abbevillien

fr-adj

abbevillien (feminine abbevillienne, masculine plural abbevilliens, feminine plural abbevilliennes)

abbevillienne (feminine)
abbevilliens (masculine plural)
abbevilliennes (feminine plural)


abandonnique

(psychology) Suffering from, related to or typical of abandonment anxiety


aalénien

aalénien (feminine aalénienne, masculine plural aaléniens, feminine plural aaléniennes)

aalénienne (feminine)
aaléniens (masculine plural)
aaléniennes (feminine plural)


Aalénien

(geology, paleontology) the Aalenian period


abductif

abductif (feminine abductive, masculine plural abductifs, feminine plural abductives)

abductive (feminine)
abductifs (masculine plural)
abductives (feminine plural)


Verseau

From verseau (an uncovered column's watershedding tilted upperside), from verser 'to pour, shed' + eau 'water'.


abessif

abessif (feminine abessive, masculine plural abessifs, feminine plural abessives)

abessive (feminine)
abessifs (masculine plural)
abessives (feminine plural)


vate

From Latin vātēs (“prophet, poet”). Compare Italian vate, Spanish vate, Portuguese vate, Catalan vate, English vates. Doublet of ovate and vaticiner.

(history) vates, especially a Gaulish priest


biais

Probably borrowed from Old Occitan biais (“oblique direction”), of uncertain origin. Possibly via Vulgar Latin *bigassius from Ancient Greek ἐπικάρσιος (epikársios, “athwart”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + κάρσιος (kársios, “oblique”) (root Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”)); alternatively (preferred by TFLi) from Vulgar Latin *biaxius "with two axes".

der

biais cognitif

biais de sélection

biais de confirmation


jovien

fr-adj

jovien (feminine jovienne, masculine plural joviens, feminine plural joviennes)

jovienne (feminine)
joviens (masculine plural)
joviennes (feminine plural)


vélaire

Borrowed from New Latin vēlāris, from vēlum (whence French voile).


ambroisie

Borrowed from Latin ambrosia (“food of the gods”), from Ancient Greek ἀμβροσία (ambrosía, “of the gods”).

der

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) ambrosia


compréhensif

fr-adj

compréhensif (feminine compréhensive, masculine plural compréhensifs, feminine plural compréhensives)

compréhensive (feminine)
compréhensifs (masculine plural)
compréhensives (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin comprehēnsīvus, from Latin comprehendō.

(rare or logic) Encompassing a certain number of elements or characteristics


créole

An adaptation of the Castilian Spanish criollo (“homey, local yokel”), from Portuguese crioulo, diminutive of cria (“person raised in one’s house, servant”), from Portuguese criar (“to rear, to bring up”), from Latin creō (“to create”)


pragmatique

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πραγματικός (pragmatikós).


thème

Learned borrowing from Latin thema, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

(linguistics) theme (what is generally being talked about, as opposed to rheme)

Coordinate term: désinence

Near-synonym: radical

Dans la forme verbale jouons, jou- est le thème, et -ons la désinence.

In the verb jouons, jou- is the stem and the ending is -ons.

(grammar) stem of (usually) a noun or verb, to which inflectional endings are attached

thème astral

thème céleste


déclinaison

Inherited from Middle French declinaison, from Latin dēclīnātiōnem. By surface analysis, décliner + -aison.

inh+

(grammar) declension (inflection of a noun, pronoun or adjective)


datif

→ Turkish: datif


impersonnel

fr-adj

impersonnel (feminine impersonnelle, masculine plural impersonnels, feminine plural impersonnelles)

impersonnelle (feminine)
impersonnels (masculine plural)
impersonnelles (feminine plural)


prépositionnel

prépositionnel (feminine prépositionnelle, masculine plural prépositionnels, feminine plural prépositionnelles)

prépositionnelle (feminine)
prépositionnels (masculine plural)
prépositionnelles (feminine plural)


pronom relatif

fr-noun

pronom relatif m (plural pronoms relatifs)


descriptif

fr-adj

descriptif (feminine descriptive, masculine plural descriptifs, feminine plural descriptives)

descriptive (feminine)
descriptifs (masculine plural)
descriptives (feminine plural)


phonétique

From Ancient Greek φωνητικός (phōnētikós).


subsumer

subsumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
subsumant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
subsumé (participle past)
subsume (first-person indicative present singular)
subsumes (indicative present second-person singular)
subsume (indicative present singular third-person)
subsumons (first-person indicative plural present)
subsumez (indicative plural present second-person)
subsument (indicative plural present third-person)
subsumais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
subsumais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
subsumait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
subsumions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
subsumiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
subsumaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
subsumai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
subsumas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
subsuma (historic indicative past singular third-person)
subsumâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
subsumâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
subsumèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
subsumerai (first-person future indicative singular)
subsumeras (future indicative second-person singular)
subsumera (future indicative singular third-person)
subsumerons (first-person future indicative plural)
subsumerez (future indicative plural second-person)
subsumeront (future indicative plural third-person)
subsumerais (conditional first-person singular)
subsumerais (conditional second-person singular)
subsumerait (conditional singular third-person)
subsumerions (conditional first-person plural)
subsumeriez (conditional plural second-person)
subsumeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
subsume (first-person present singular subjunctive)
subsumes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
subsume (present singular subjunctive third-person)
subsumions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
subsumiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
subsument (plural present subjunctive third-person)
subsumasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
subsumasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
subsumât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
subsumassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
subsumassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
subsumassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
subsume (imperative second-person singular)
subsumons (first-person imperative plural)
subsumez (imperative plural second-person)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin subsūmere, from sub- + sūmō (“take”).

lbor

(formal, logic, philosophy) to subsume (to place under another as belonging to it)


Pandore

Borrowed from Latin Pandōra, from Ancient Greek Πανδώρα (Pandṓra, “all gifts”).


métapsychologie

fr-noun

métapsychologie f (plural métapsychologies)

(psychology) metapsychology (principles of psychology)


palatalisation

palatalisation f (plural palatalisations)


Anansi

(mythology) Anansi (trickster spider in West African and Caribbean folklore)


interprète

interprète m or f by sense (plural interprètes)

(translation studies) interpreter (as opposed to translator)


positivisme

First known attestation 1830, from positif + -isme.


première personne

(grammar) first person (the form of a verb used when the subject of a sentence is making the statement)


irrégulier

fr-adj

irrégulier (feminine irrégulière, masculine plural irréguliers, feminine plural irrégulières)

irrégulière (feminine)
irréguliers (masculine plural)
irrégulières (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French irregulier, a borrowing from Late Latin irrēgulāris.


régulier

régulier (feminine régulière, masculine plural réguliers, feminine plural régulières)

régulière (feminine)
réguliers (masculine plural)
régulières (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French reguler, borrowed from Late Latin regulāris.


langue romane

fr-noun

langue romane f (plural langues romanes)


abréactif

fr-adj

abréactif (feminine abréactive, masculine plural abréactifs, feminine plural abréactives)

abréactive (feminine)
abréactifs (masculine plural)
abréactives (feminine plural)

(psychoanalysis) Having to do with abreaction; abreactive


abri sous roche

fr-noun

abri sous roche m (plural abris sous roche)

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-abri sous roche.wav


abréagir

abréagir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abréagissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
abréagi (participle past)
abréagis (first-person indicative present singular)
abréagis (indicative present second-person singular)
abréagit (indicative present singular third-person)
abréagissons (first-person indicative plural present)
abréagissez (indicative plural present second-person)
abréagissent (indicative plural present third-person)
abréagissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abréagissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abréagissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abréagissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abréagissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abréagissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abréagis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
abréagis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
abréagit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
abréagîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
abréagîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
abréagirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
abréagirai (first-person future indicative singular)
abréagiras (future indicative second-person singular)
abréagira (future indicative singular third-person)
abréagirons (first-person future indicative plural)
abréagirez (future indicative plural second-person)
abréagiront (future indicative plural third-person)
abréagirais (conditional first-person singular)
abréagirais (conditional second-person singular)
abréagirait (conditional singular third-person)
abréagirions (conditional first-person plural)
abréagiriez (conditional plural second-person)
abréagiraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
abréagisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
abréagisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
abréagisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
abréagissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abréagissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abréagissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
abréagisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abréagisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abréagît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abréagissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abréagissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abréagissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abréagis (imperative second-person singular)
abréagissons (first-person imperative plural)
abréagissez (imperative plural second-person)

(transitive, intransitive, psychoanalysis) to undergo abreaction; to abreact


langue construite

langue construite f (plural langues construites)

constructed language
constructed language


cas sujet

(grammar, especially Old French) subjective case, subject case


cas régime

(grammar, especially Old French) objective case, object case


éolien

fr-adj

éolien (feminine éolienne, masculine plural éoliens, feminine plural éoliennes)

éolienne (feminine)
éoliens (masculine plural)
éoliennes (feminine plural)


modéré

modéré (feminine modérée, masculine plural modérés, feminine plural modérées)

modérée (feminine)
modérés (masculine plural)
modérées (feminine plural)

(philosophy, politics, religion) moderate


accordé

accordé (feminine accordée, masculine plural accordés, feminine plural accordées)

accordée (feminine)
accordés (masculine plural)
accordées (feminine plural)

(grammar) agreeing, which agrees with its subject


capsien

capsien (feminine capsienne, masculine plural capsiens, feminine plural capsiennes)

capsienne (feminine)
capsiens (masculine plural)
capsiennes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin Capsiānus, from Capsa (“Gafsa”) (an oasis city, now in southern Tunisia, site of primary finds) + -iānus (“-ian”).

(archaeology) Capsian, concerning a specific Mediterranean Paleolithic culture


antithèse

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις (antíthesis).


attribut

Borrowed from Medieval Latin attribūtum.

adjectif attribut

Dans la phrase "Marc est le frère de Paul", "le frère de Paul" est l’attribut du sujet "Marc".

In the sentence "Marc is Paul's brother", "Paul's brother" is the complement of the subject "Marc".

Du point de vue des fonctions syntaxiques, les verbes d’état sont ceux qui définissent un sujet et son attribut.


suffixer

suffixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
suffixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
suffixé (participle past)
suffixe (first-person indicative present singular)
suffixes (indicative present second-person singular)
suffixe (indicative present singular third-person)
suffixons (first-person indicative plural present)
suffixez (indicative plural present second-person)
suffixent (indicative plural present third-person)
suffixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
suffixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
suffixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
suffixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
suffixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
suffixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
suffixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
suffixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
suffixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
suffixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
suffixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
suffixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
suffixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
suffixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
suffixera (future indicative singular third-person)
suffixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
suffixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
suffixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
suffixerais (conditional first-person singular)
suffixerais (conditional second-person singular)
suffixerait (conditional singular third-person)
suffixerions (conditional first-person plural)
suffixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
suffixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
suffixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
suffixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
suffixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
suffixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
suffixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
suffixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
suffixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
suffixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
suffixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
suffixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
suffixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
suffixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
suffixe (imperative second-person singular)
suffixons (first-person imperative plural)
suffixez (imperative plural second-person)


préfixer

préfixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
préfixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
préfixé (participle past)
préfixe (first-person indicative present singular)
préfixes (indicative present second-person singular)
préfixe (indicative present singular third-person)
préfixons (first-person indicative plural present)
préfixez (indicative plural present second-person)
préfixent (indicative plural present third-person)
préfixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
préfixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
préfixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
préfixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
préfixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
préfixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
préfixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
préfixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
préfixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
préfixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
préfixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
préfixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
préfixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
préfixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
préfixera (future indicative singular third-person)
préfixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
préfixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
préfixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
préfixerais (conditional first-person singular)
préfixerais (conditional second-person singular)
préfixerait (conditional singular third-person)
préfixerions (conditional first-person plural)
préfixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
préfixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
préfixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
préfixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
préfixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
préfixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
préfixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
préfixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
préfixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
préfixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
préfixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
préfixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
préfixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
préfixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
préfixe (imperative second-person singular)
préfixons (first-person imperative plural)
préfixez (imperative plural second-person)


alternance de code

LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-alternance de code.wav


consécutive

consecutive interpreting
consecutive interpreting

consecutive interpretation
consecutive interpretation

(translation studies) consecutive interpreting, consecutive interpretation


hétéroclite

Borrowed from Late Latin heteroclitos, from Ancient Greek ἑτερόκλιτος (heteróklitos).


superlatif

Inherited from Old French superlatif, borrowed from Late Latin superlātīvus, from Latin superlātus (“extravagant, of hyperbole”), past participle of superfero (“carry over”), from super (“above”) + fero (“bear, carry”).


superlatif

fr-adj

superlatif (feminine superlative, masculine plural superlatifs, feminine plural superlatives)

superlative (feminine)
superlatifs (masculine plural)
superlatives (feminine plural)


subordonné

subordonné (feminine subordonnée, masculine plural subordonnés, feminine plural subordonnées)

subordonnée (feminine)
subordonnés (masculine plural)
subordonnées (feminine plural)

proposition subordonnée


prothèse

→ Armenian: պրոթեզ (protʻez)

→ Czech: protéza

→ Esperanto: protezo

→ Finnish: proteesi

→ Greek: πρόθεση (próthesi)

→ Macedonian: протеза (proteza)

→ Polish: proteza

→ Romanian: proteză

desctree

→ Russian: проте́з (protéz)
→ Kazakh: протез (protez)

→ Serbo-Croatian: protéza

→ Swedish: protes

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis).


particule

Borrowed from Latin particula. Doublet of parcelle.


interprétation

fr-noun

interprétation f (plural interprétations)

Learned borrowing from Latin interpretātiō. By surface analysis, interpréter + -ation.

surf

Coordinate term: traduction

interprétation consécutive

interprétation de conférence

interprétation simultanée

(translation studies) interpretation, interpreting


voisé

fr-adj

voisé (feminine voisée, masculine plural voisés, feminine plural voisées)

voisée (feminine)
voisés (masculine plural)
voisées (feminine plural)

(linguistics) voiced (sounded with vibration of the vocal cords)


périphrastique

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περιφραστικός (periphrastikós).

bor+

περιφραστικός

(grammar, of a tense) periphrastic (formed by a combination of words rather than morphemes)


enrégistrement

fr-noun

enrégistrement m (plural enrégistrements)

From enrégistrer (“to register”) + -ment.

(history) a deed by which a cour souveraine (each of the highest courts of justice) ordered a royal order or decree to be transcribed and entered into its own register of legislation


déterminant possessif

déterminant possessif m (plural déterminants possessifs)

possessive determiner
possessive determiner


impératif

Inherited from Old French imperatif, borrowed from Latin imperātīvus.


stryge

Borrowed from Latin strīga, from strīx, from Ancient Greek στρίξ (stríx). Compare Old French estrie, which was the inherited form.


hydre

Borrowed from Latin hydra, from Ancient Greek ὕδρα (húdra).


thérianthropie

thérianthropie f (plural thérianthropies)

From Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon, “animal”) + ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human”).


alphabet phonétique international

fr-noun

alphabet phonétique international m (uncountable)

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-alphabet phonétique international.wav

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA


enchaînement

/ɑ̃.ʃɛn.mɑ̃/


Axe

(history) Axis (World War Two nation group)


morphème

From Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ) + -ème, coined on the model of phonème.

(linguistic morphology) morpheme (smallest linguistic unit within a word that can carry a meaning)


matérialisme

Created by Robert Boyle in 1674 from English materialism, matériel + -isme.


bitransitif

fr-adj

bitransitif (feminine bitransitive, masculine plural bitransitifs, feminine plural bitransitives)

bitransitive (feminine)
bitransitifs (masculine plural)
bitransitives (feminine plural)


métathèse

Borrowed from Late Latin metathesis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis).


régionalisme

fr-noun

régionalisme m (countable and uncountable, plural régionalismes)

(linguistics, countable) regionalism (word or phrase originating in, characteristic of, or limited to a region)


itératif

fr-adj

itératif (feminine itérative, masculine plural itératifs, feminine plural itératives)

itérative (feminine)
itératifs (masculine plural)
itératives (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin iterativus, from Latin iteratus.

lbor

Coordinate term: sémelfactif

(grammar) iterative (expressive of an action that is repeated with frequency)


Néolithique

Borrowed from Latin neolithicum. By surface analysis, néo- + -lith + -ique.

surf

(history) the Neolithic or New Stone Age


arrondi

fr-adj

arrondi (feminine arrondie, masculine plural arrondis, feminine plural arrondies)

arrondie (feminine)
arrondis (masculine plural)
arrondies (feminine plural)

(phonetics, phonology) rounded (pronounced with lips drawn together)


langue reconstruite

fr-noun

langue reconstruite f (plural langues reconstruites)

reconstructed language
reconstructed language


indo-européen commun

(linguistics) Proto-Indo-European (reconstructed language)


apax

(linguistics, rare) Alternative spelling of hapax


infixer

infixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
infixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
infixé (participle past)
infixe (first-person indicative present singular)
infixes (indicative present second-person singular)
infixe (indicative present singular third-person)
infixons (first-person indicative plural present)
infixez (indicative plural present second-person)
infixent (indicative plural present third-person)
infixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
infixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
infixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
infixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
infixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
infixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
infixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
infixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
infixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
infixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
infixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
infixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
infixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
infixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
infixera (future indicative singular third-person)
infixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
infixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
infixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
infixerais (conditional first-person singular)
infixerais (conditional second-person singular)
infixerait (conditional singular third-person)
infixerions (conditional first-person plural)
infixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
infixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
infixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
infixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
infixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
infixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
infixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
infixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
infixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
infixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
infixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
infixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
infixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
infixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
infixe (imperative second-person singular)
infixons (first-person imperative plural)
infixez (imperative plural second-person)


casuel

fr-adj

casuel (feminine casuelle, masculine plural casuels, feminine plural casuelles)

casuelle (feminine)
casuels (masculine plural)
casuelles (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French casuel, borrowed from Latin cāsuālis.

terminaison casuelle

syncrétisme casuel

système casuel

(linguistics, relational) case, grammatical case


translingue

/tʁɑ̃.slɛ̃ɡ/


dryade

From Old French driade (“wood nymph”), from Latin Dryadem (“dryad”), from Ancient Greek Δρυάς (Druás, “dryad”), from δρῦς (drûs, “oak”), from Proto-Indo-European *derew(o)- (“tree, wood”); cf. Proto-Indo-European *dóru.


sémantique

→ German: Semantik

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σημαντικός (sēmantikós), late 19th c.

lbor

Coordinate term: pragmatique

la sémantique formelle

Les copules, qui se réduisent au rôle de lien syntaxique entre sujet et attribut en estompant leur sémantique propre, sont souvent des verbes d’état.

Copulas, which amount only to syntactic links between subject and complement since their own semantic content has been lost, are often stative verbs.


perfectif

fr-adj

perfectif (feminine perfective, masculine plural perfectifs, feminine plural perfectives)

perfective (feminine)
perfectifs (masculine plural)
perfectives (feminine plural)


partitif

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin partītīvus, from Latin partītus + -īvus.


locution figée

fr-noun

locution figée f (plural locutions figées)