glottal

fr-adj

glottal (feminine glottale, masculine plural glottaux, feminine plural glottales)

glottale (feminine)
glottaux (masculine plural)
glottales (feminine plural)

Derived from glott(e) (“glottis”) + -al (“-al”, adjectival derivational suffix).

af

(phonetics) articulated with the glottis, glottal


aperture

Borrowed from Latin apertūra (“opening”). Doublet of ouverture.

bor+

(phonetics, phonology) opening, openness, aperture


grave

→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave

Inherited from Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.

Quatre de ces voyelles sont graves: a, o, u, œu.

1911 April, “Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques”, in Dictionnaire turc-français:

Four of these are vowels are back [vowels], a, o, u, [and] œu


palatal

fr-adj

palatal (feminine palatale, masculine plural palataux, feminine plural palatales)

palatale (feminine)
palataux (masculine plural)
palatales (feminine plural)


hiatus

Learned borrowing from Latin hiātus (“opening”), from hiō (“stand open”).


nasal

fr-adj

nasal (feminine nasale, masculine plural nasaux, feminine plural nasales)

nasale (feminine)
nasaux (masculine plural)
nasales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from Latin nāsus (“nose”).


labial

labial (feminine labiale, masculine plural labiaux, feminine plural labiales)

labiale (feminine)
labiaux (masculine plural)
labiales (feminine plural)


apocope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ).


articulation

→ Turkish: artikülasyon

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō. By surface analysis, articuler + -ation.

lbor

mode d'articulation

point d'articulation

(phonetics) articulation (emission of a sound)


allophone

Coordinate term: phonème

(phonetics, phonology) allophone (any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme)


phonème

desctree

→ Dutch: foneem, phoneem (dated)
→ Indonesian: fonem

→ German: Phonem

Greek: φώνημα n (fónima, “phoneme”)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma).

lbor

Coordinate term: phone

ce phonème, qui fleurit aussi bien dans l'extrême Orient que dans notre Basse-Normandie, tient le milieu entre notre a grave et lo grave moyen des mots fort! encore! etc.

this sound, as abundant in the Far East as in our own Lower Normandy occupies the ground between our à sound and the middle o of words like fort! and encore!

Tout phonème suppose un réseau d'oppositions avec les autres phonèmes du même système. La thèse saussurienne précise: «Les phonèmes sont avant tout des entités oppositives, relative et négatives.»

Every phoneme assumes a network of contrasts with other phonemes in the same system. In de Saussure's words: "Phonemes are defined above all by opposition, relativity, by what they are not."

(phonetics, phonology) phoneme (indivisible unit of sound in a given language)


coronal

fr-adj

coronal (feminine coronale, masculine plural coronaux, feminine plural coronales)

coronale (feminine)
coronaux (masculine plural)
coronales (feminine plural)

From Latin corōnālis, from corōna (“a crown”).

(anatomy, astronomy, botany, phonetics) coronal


syncope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ).


muet

fr-adj

muet (feminine muette, masculine plural muets, feminine plural muettes)

muette (feminine)
muets (masculine plural)
muettes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French mut, muet, from Old French mu, mut, mui, from Latin mūtus, of Proto-Indo-European origin.

« Le » et « la » deviennent « l’ » devant une voyelle ou un « h » muet.

Le and la become l' before a vowel or a silent "h".


sourd

sourd (feminine sourde, masculine plural sourds, feminine plural sourdes)

sourde (feminine)
sourds (masculine plural)
sourdes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French sourd, from Old French sourt, sord, surt, surz, from Latin surdus, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”).

der

il n'est pire sourd que celui qui ne veut pas entendre


noyau

Backformed from Old French noyaus, plural of noyal, from Late Latin nucālis, from Latin nux.

(phonetics, phonology) nucleus of a syllable


formant

Borrowed from German Formant, from Latin fōrmāns (“shaping; forming; fashioning”), present participle of fōrmō (“to shape; to form; to fashion”). Doublet of formans.

(physics, phonetics) formant (band of frequencies, in a sound spectrum, that have a greater intensity; they determine the quality of a sound; especially the characteristic sounds of the consonants)


emphatique

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐμφατικός (emphatikós).

lbor

(phonetics, linguistics) emphatic (characterized by emphasis)


épenthèse

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis).


aigu

fr-adj

aigu (feminine aiguë or aigüe, masculine plural aigus, feminine plural aiguës or aigües)

aiguë (feminine)
aigüe (feminine)
aigus (masculine plural)
aiguës (feminine plural)
aigües (feminine plural)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: aigu

Inherited from Middle French aigu, agu, from Old French agu, from Latin acūtus (“sharp”); related to English acute. The original Old French result was eü (preserved in the toponym Montheu < Latin Mons acutus (“sharp mountain”)), which was likely modified into the form agu based on the Latin, and then influenced by words like aigre, or aiguiser, as with aiguille.
Doublet of acut.

Les quatres autres e, i, u, oeu sont aiguës.


sifflant

sifflant (feminine sifflante, masculine plural sifflants, feminine plural sifflantes)

sifflante (feminine)
sifflants (masculine plural)
sifflantes (feminine plural)

(phonetics) relative to a sibilant (see sifflante).


diphtongue

diphtongues (plural)
diphthongue (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Latin diphthongos or diphthongus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos, “diphthong”).


monophtongaison

fr-noun

monophtongaison f (plural monophtongaisons)


baryton

fr-adj

baryton (feminine barytonne, masculine plural barytons, feminine plural barytonnes)

barytonne (feminine)
barytons (masculine plural)
barytonnes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin barytŏnus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek βαρύτονος (barútonos).

lbor

Coordinate term: oxyton


vélaire

Borrowed from New Latin vēlāris, from vēlum (whence French voile).


labiovélaire

labiovélaires (plural)
labio-vélaire (alternative)


apophonie

Calque of German Ablaut, coined from the Ancient Greek roots apo- + -phonie.

(phonetics, linguistic morphology) apophony (alternation of sounds within a word), ablaut


palatalisation

fr-noun

palatalisation f (plural palatalisations)


alphabet phonétique international

alphabet phonétique international m (uncountable)

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-alphabet phonétique international.wav

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA


arrondi

fr-adj

arrondi (feminine arrondie, masculine plural arrondis, feminine plural arrondies)

arrondie (feminine)
arrondis (masculine plural)
arrondies (feminine plural)

(phonetics, phonology) rounded (pronounced with lips drawn together)


coup de glotte

fr-noun

coup de glotte m (plural coups de glotte)

(phonetics) glottal stop (plosive sound articulated with the glottis)


nasaliser

nasaliser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
nasalisant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
nasalisé (participle past)
nasalise (first-person indicative present singular)
nasalises (indicative present second-person singular)
nasalise (indicative present singular third-person)
nasalisons (first-person indicative plural present)
nasalisez (indicative plural present second-person)
nasalisent (indicative plural present third-person)
nasalisais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
nasalisais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
nasalisait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
nasalisions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
nasalisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
nasalisaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
nasalisai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
nasalisas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
nasalisa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
nasalisâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
nasalisâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
nasalisèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
nasaliserai (first-person future indicative singular)
nasaliseras (future indicative second-person singular)
nasalisera (future indicative singular third-person)
nasaliserons (first-person future indicative plural)
nasaliserez (future indicative plural second-person)
nasaliseront (future indicative plural third-person)
nasaliserais (conditional first-person singular)
nasaliserais (conditional second-person singular)
nasaliserait (conditional singular third-person)
nasaliserions (conditional first-person plural)
nasaliseriez (conditional plural second-person)
nasaliseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
nasalise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
nasalises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
nasalise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
nasalisions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
nasalisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
nasalisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
nasalisasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
nasalisasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
nasalisât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nasalisassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
nasalisassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
nasalisassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nasalise (imperative second-person singular)
nasalisons (first-person imperative plural)
nasalisez (imperative plural second-person)


assourdir

assourdir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
assourdissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
assourdi (participle past)
assourdis (first-person indicative present singular)
assourdis (indicative present second-person singular)
assourdit (indicative present singular third-person)
assourdissons (first-person indicative plural present)
assourdissez (indicative plural present second-person)
assourdissent (indicative plural present third-person)
assourdissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
assourdissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
assourdissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
assourdissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
assourdissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
assourdissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
assourdis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
assourdis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
assourdit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
assourdîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
assourdîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
assourdirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
assourdirai (first-person future indicative singular)
assourdiras (future indicative second-person singular)
assourdira (future indicative singular third-person)
assourdirons (first-person future indicative plural)
assourdirez (future indicative plural second-person)
assourdiront (future indicative plural third-person)
assourdirais (conditional first-person singular)
assourdirais (conditional second-person singular)
assourdirait (conditional singular third-person)
assourdirions (conditional first-person plural)
assourdiriez (conditional plural second-person)
assourdiraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
assourdisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
assourdisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
assourdisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
assourdissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
assourdissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
assourdissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
assourdisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
assourdisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
assourdît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
assourdissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
assourdissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
assourdissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
assourdis (imperative second-person singular)
assourdissons (first-person imperative plural)
assourdissez (imperative plural second-person)

See a- + sourd + -ir. Compare also Italian assordire.


orthoépie

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀρθοέπεια (orthoépeia).


synérèse

Borrowed from Latin synaeresis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek συναίρεσις (sunaíresis).


sonoriser

sonoriser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
sonorisant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
sonorisé (participle past)
sonorise (first-person indicative present singular)
sonorises (indicative present second-person singular)
sonorise (indicative present singular third-person)
sonorisons (first-person indicative plural present)
sonorisez (indicative plural present second-person)
sonorisent (indicative plural present third-person)
sonorisais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sonorisais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sonorisait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sonorisions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sonorisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sonorisaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sonorisai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
sonorisas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
sonorisa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
sonorisâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
sonorisâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
sonorisèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
sonoriserai (first-person future indicative singular)
sonoriseras (future indicative second-person singular)
sonorisera (future indicative singular third-person)
sonoriserons (first-person future indicative plural)
sonoriserez (future indicative plural second-person)
sonoriseront (future indicative plural third-person)
sonoriserais (conditional first-person singular)
sonoriserais (conditional second-person singular)
sonoriserait (conditional singular third-person)
sonoriserions (conditional first-person plural)
sonoriseriez (conditional plural second-person)
sonoriseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
sonorise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
sonorises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sonorise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sonorisions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sonorisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sonorisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sonorisasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sonorisasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sonorisât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sonorisassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sonorisassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sonorisassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sonorise (imperative second-person singular)
sonorisons (first-person imperative plural)
sonorisez (imperative plural second-person)


monophtongue

monophtongues (plural)
monophthongue (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Latin monophthongos or monophthongus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek μονόφθογγος (monóphthongos, “monophthong”).


aphérèse

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀφαίρεσις (aphaíresis).


yodisation

(phonetics) yodification, addition of or transformation into a yod phoneme


anaptyxe

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνάπτυξις (anáptuxis).

(phonetics) anaptyxis, svarabhakti (epenthesis of a vowel)


laryngien

fr-adj

laryngien (feminine laryngienne, masculine plural laryngiens, feminine plural laryngiennes)

laryngienne (feminine)
laryngiens (masculine plural)
laryngiennes (feminine plural)


mode d'articulation

fr-noun

mode d'articulation m (plural modes d'articulation)

manner of articulation
manner of articulation


signe dur

Calque of Russian твёрдый знак (tvjórdyj znak).

cal

твёрдый знак


signe mou

Calque of Russian мя́гкий знак (mjáxkij znak).

мя́гкий знак


assimilation progressive

fr-noun

assimilation progressive f (plural assimilations progressives)

progressive assimilation
progressive assimilation

(phonetics, phonology) progressive assimilation


assimilation régressive

assimilation régressive f (plural assimilations régressives)

regressive assimilation
regressive assimilation

(phonetics, phonology) regressive assimilation


esprit rude

Calque of Latin spiritus asper, itself a calque of Ancient Greek δασὺ πνεῦμα (dasù pneûma).


esprit doux

Calque of Latin spīritus lēnis, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ψιλὸν πνεῦμα (psilòn pneûma).

ψιλὸν πνεῦμα

(phonetics, typography) smooth breathing


géminée

(phonetics, phonology) geminate (double consonant)


allongement compensatoire

fr-noun

allongement compensatoire m (plural allongements compensatoires)

compensatory lengthening
compensatory lengthening


voisement

(phonetics, phonology) voicing, sonorization


dévoisement

(phonetics, phonology) devoicing, surdization


syllabe ouverte

syllabe ouverte f (plural syllabes ouvertes)


syllabe fermée

syllabe fermée f (plural syllabes fermées)


point d'articulation

point d'articulation m (plural points d'articulation)

place of articulation
place of articulation


triphtongue

Modelled after diphtongue, with the prefix tri-. Compare Ancient Greek τρίφθογγος (tríphthongos).

(phonetics) triphthong (monosyllabic vowel combination involving movement from one vowel to another)


accent tonique

accent tonique m (plural accents toniques)


phonotactique

(phonetics, phonology) phonotactics (branch of phonology that deals with the restrictions a language applies to combinations of phonemes)


phonotactique

(phonetics, phonology) phonotactical, phonotactic


pulmonique

fr-adj

pulmonique (feminine pulmonique, masculine plural pulmoniques, feminine plural pulmoniques)

pulmonique (feminine)
pulmoniques (masculine plural)
pulmoniques (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin pulmōnicus, from pulmō (“lung”).

(phonetics, phonology) (of a speech sound): pulmonic (produced by pushing air from or into the lungs)


distribution complémentaire

fr-noun

distribution complémentaire f (plural distributions complémentaires)

Calque of English complementary distribution.

clq

complementary distribution
complementary distribution

(phonetics, phonology) complementary distribution


voyelle postérieure

fr-noun

voyelle postérieure f (plural voyelles postérieures)

(phonetics) back vowel (vowel sound produced in the back of the mouth)


voyelle antérieure

voyelle antérieure f (plural voyelles antérieures)

(phonetics) front vowel (vowel sound produced in the front of the mouth)