accorder

accorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accordant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
accordé (participle past)
accorde (first-person indicative present singular)
accordes (indicative present second-person singular)
accorde (indicative present singular third-person)
accordons (first-person indicative plural present)
accordez (indicative plural present second-person)
accordent (indicative plural present third-person)
accordais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accordais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accordait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accordions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accordiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accordaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accordai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
accordas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
accorda (historic indicative past singular third-person)
accordâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
accordâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
accordèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
accorderai (first-person future indicative singular)
accorderas (future indicative second-person singular)
accordera (future indicative singular third-person)
accorderons (first-person future indicative plural)
accorderez (future indicative plural second-person)
accorderont (future indicative plural third-person)
accorderais (conditional first-person singular)
accorderais (conditional second-person singular)
accorderait (conditional singular third-person)
accorderions (conditional first-person plural)
accorderiez (conditional plural second-person)
accorderaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
accorde (first-person present singular subjunctive)
accordes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
accorde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
accordions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
accordiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
accordent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
accordasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
accordasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accordât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accordassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
accordassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accordassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accorde (imperative second-person singular)
accordons (first-person imperative plural)
accordez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: acorda

Inherited from Middle French accorder, from Old French acorder, from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, derived from Latin cor (“heart”). By surface analysis, accord + -er.


langue

Haitian Creole: lang

Karipúna Creole French: lang

desc

Louisiana Creole: lang, lalanng, lalongn, lalangn, lalang, long

Seychellois Creole: lalang

→ English: langue

Inherited from Middle French langue, from Old French langue, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).
See cognates in regional languages in France: Champenois laingue, Norman laungue, Gallo lenghe, Picard lingue, Bourguignon laingue, Franco-Provençal lengoua, Occitan lenga, Corsican lingua.

inh

tourner sa langue sept fois dans sa bouche

tourner sept fois sa langue dans sa bouche

la langue maternelle

une langue étrangère

Elle parle trois langues.

faire parler la langue française

(linguistics) language (system of communication using written or spoken words)


Romania

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía).

bor+

(academic, historical, linguistics) the Romance speaking areas of Europe


accent

→ Norwegian Bokmål: accent

→ Turkish: aksan

Inherited from Middle French accent, from Old French acent, accent, borrowed from Latin accentus (“accent, tone, accentuation”).


nature

Inherited from Middle French nature, Old French nature, borrowed from Latin nātūra.


article

→ Romanian: articol (partly)

→ Russian: артикль (artiklʹ)

Inherited from Old French article, borrowed from Latin articulus. Compare the inherited doublet orteil.


interjection

Inherited from Old French interjection, borrowed from Latin interiectiōnem.


argument

Borrowed from Latin argūmentum, from arguō (“prove, argue”).

(grammar) argument of a verb, phrase syntactically connected to a verb (object and subject)


finale

(linguistics) final phoneme (final phoneme in a syllable. Often used in the study of Chinese languages)

(grammar) final letter, final syllable (last letter of a word, or last syllable of a sentence)


homophone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος (homóphōnos, “speaking the same language, making the same sound, in agreement, in unison”), from ὁμο- (homo-, “same”) + -φωνος (-phōnos, “with respect to language or sound”), a suffix derived from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, language”), in the linguistic sense coined by French philologist Jean-François Champollion 1822 (for the adjective) and 1824 (for the noun).


usage

From Latin ūsus + -age. Compare Medieval Latin usagium.

(lexicography) the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority)


simple

→ Romanian: simplu

Inherited from Old French, borrowed from Latin simplex.

futur simple

passé simple

Coordinate term: complexe

phrase simple

Coordinate term: composé

corps simple

(grammar)
(chemistry) simple, uncompounded


augment

L'augment syllabique consiste en l’addition d’une syllabe ; l'augment temporel, dans le changement d’une brève en longue.

Syllabic augment consists of the addition of a syllable; temporal augment in changing it from short to long.


apostrophe

Borrowed from Latin apostropha, apostrophe, from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ), from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “to turn away”), from ἀπό (apó) + στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).

vocative expression
vocative expression#English


instrumental

→ Turkish: enstrümantal

Learned borrowing from Late Latin īnstrūmentālis. By surface analysis, instrument + -al.

lbor

(grammar) instrumental case, instrumental


personne

Inherited from Middle French personne, from Old French persone, presonne, from Latin persona, of unknown, perhaps Etruscan, origin.

première personne

deuxième personne

troisième personne


transparent

fr-adj

transparent (feminine transparente, masculine plural transparents, feminine plural transparentes)

transparente (feminine)
transparents (masculine plural)
transparentes (feminine plural)

→ Turkish: transparan

Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānspārentem (“transparent”), present participle of transpareō, from Latin trāns + pareō.

bor+

un mot transparent

(linguistics) having the same meaning in several languages


roman

fr-adj

roman (feminine romane, masculine plural romans, feminine plural romanes)

romane (feminine)
romans (masculine plural)
romanes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin romanusor derived from the French noun below, itself from Old French romanz (“common language”).


timbre

→ Hausa: tambur

→ Khmer: តែម (taem)

desctree

→ Iranian Persian: تَمْبْر (tambr), تمر (tamr) (colloquial)
→ Azerbaijani: təmr

→ Luxembourgish: Timber

→ Moroccan Arabic: تنبر (tanbar)

→ Vietnamese: tem

Inherited from Old French timbre, via Byzantine Greek, from Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum”). Less likely a direct descendant of Latin tympanum. Doublet of tympan.


corpus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin corpus (“body”). Doublet of corps.


final

fr-adj

final (feminine finale, masculine plural finals or finaux, feminine plural finales)

finale (feminine)
finals (masculine plural)
finaux (masculine plural)
finales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: final

→ Turkish: final

(linguistics, grammar) expressing purpose


mode

Inherited from Middle French mode, from Old French mode f, ultimately from Latin modus m. The masculine gender was reintroduced for some senses during the Middle French period under influence of the Latin. Doublet of mœuf.


glottal

glottal (feminine glottale, masculine plural glottaux, feminine plural glottales)

glottale (feminine)
glottaux (masculine plural)
glottales (feminine plural)

Derived from glott(e) (“glottis”) + -al (“-al”, adjectival derivational suffix).

af

(phonetics) articulated with the glottis, glottal


adresse

Inherited from Middle French [Term?], from Old French adrece, from Old French adresser. Equivalent to a deverbal from adresser.


calque

→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)

→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)

→ Czech: kalk

→ English: calque

→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)

→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)

→ Latvian: kalks

→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)

→ Polish: kalka

→ Romanian: calc

→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)

→ Slovak: kalk

→ Slovene: kalk

→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)

→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)

→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)

Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).


liaison

→ English: liaison

→ Italian: liaison

Inherited from Old French, from Late Latin ligātiōnem, derived from Latin ligō (“bind”), or formed from lier + -aison based on the Latin word. Compare also Old Occitan liazó, liazon.

(linguistics) liaison (phonological phenomenon)


aperture

Borrowed from Latin apertūra (“opening”). Doublet of ouverture.

bor+

(phonetics, phonology) opening, openness, aperture


futur

Le verbe manger à la deuxième personne du singulier du futur simple donne: Tu mangeras.

The verb manger, in the second person singular future simple becomes: Tu mangeras (You will eat).


coda

Borrowed from Italian coda. Doublet of queue.


radical

Learned borrowing from Late Latin rādīcālis.


dental

fr-adj

dental (feminine dentale, masculine plural dentaux, feminine plural dentales)

dentale (feminine)
dentaux (masculine plural)
dentales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dentālis, from Latin dēns (“a tooth”). By surface analysis, dent + -al.


relative

Ellipsis of proposition subordonnée relative.

ellipsis

(grammar) relative clause, adjectival clause, adjective clause


grave

→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave

Inherited from Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.

Quatre de ces voyelles sont graves: a, o, u, œu.
Four of these are vowels are back [vowels], a, o, u, [and] œu

1911, Diran Kélékian, “grave”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques


palatal

fr-adj

palatal (feminine palatale, masculine plural palataux, feminine plural palatales)

palatale (feminine)
palataux (masculine plural)
palatales (feminine plural)


hiatus

Learned borrowing from Latin hiātus (“opening”), from hiō (“stand open”).


nasal

fr-adj

nasal (feminine nasale, masculine plural nasaux, feminine plural nasales)

nasale (feminine)
nasaux (masculine plural)
nasales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from Latin nāsus (“nose”).


genre

→ Bulgarian: жанр (žanr)

→ Dalmatian: genro

→ Danish: genre

→ Dutch: genre

→ English: genre

→ Finnish: genre

→ Franco-Provençal: janro

→ German: Genre

→ Macedonian: жанр (žanr)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: genre, sjanger

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: genre, sjanger

→ Persian: ژانر (žânr)

desctree

→ Russian: жанр (žanr)
→ Armenian: ժանր (žanr)
→ Estonian: žanr
→ Georgian: ჟანრი (žanri)
→ Kazakh: жанр (janr)
→ Latvian: žanrs
→ Lithuanian: žanras
→ Turkmen: žanr
→ Uyghur: ژانىر (zhanir)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̏нр

Latin script: žȁnr

→ Swedish: genre

→ Ukrainian: жанр (žanr)

From Old French gen(d)re, borrowed from Latin genere. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from English gender.

semantic loan

Les mots français sont du genre masculin ou du genre féminin.

French words are either of masculine or feminine gender.

Huit choses arrivent au Verbe : Le Genre, le Mœuf, le Tems, la Personne, le Nombre, la Conjugaison, la Figure, ou la forme. Il y a cinq Genres de Verbes Personnels: l'Actif, le Passif, le Neutre, le Déponent & le Commun.

1742, Nova elementa seu rudimenta linguae latinae, page 52:


voix

Inherited from Middle French voix, from Old French voiz, from Latin vōcem, accusative of vōx (“voice”), from Proto-Italic *wōks, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs.


aspect

Borrowed from Latin aspectus. The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Russian вид (vid).

(grammar) aspect (grammatical quality of a verb)


atone

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄτονος (átonos).


incise

(grammar) a part of a sentence, set between em dashes


labial

fr-adj

labial (feminine labiale, masculine plural labiaux, feminine plural labiales)

labiale (feminine)
labiaux (masculine plural)
labiales (feminine plural)


dislocation

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dislocātiōnem.

bor+

dislocation à droite

dislocation à gauche


extension

Inherited from Old French estension, borrowed from Latin extentiōnem.

(semantics, linguistics) semantic widening


interrogation

Borrowed from Latin interrogātiōnem. By surface analysis, interroger + -ation.


isolation

From isoler + -ation. Attested since 1774.

(linguistics) isolation (low number of morphemes per word on average)


vedette

→ Dutch: vedette

→ English: vedette

→ Italian: vedette

→ Polish: wedeta

→ Portuguese: vedeta

→ Romanian: vedetă

→ Spanish: vedete

(lexicography) headword (word used as the title of a section)


temps

Inherited from Old French temps and its variants, from Latin tempus.

en moins de temps qu'il ne faut pour le dire

un temps composé

un temps simple

changez le temps du verbe


SN

(linguistics) initialism of syntagme nominal (“noun phrase; NP”)


masculin

fr-adj

masculin (feminine masculine, masculine plural masculins, feminine plural masculines)

masculine (feminine)
masculins (masculine plural)
masculines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French masculin, borrowed from Latin māsculīnus.


mouiller

mouiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mouillant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
mouillé (participle past)
mouille (first-person indicative present singular)
mouilles (indicative present second-person singular)
mouille (indicative present singular third-person)
mouillons (first-person indicative plural present)
mouillez (indicative plural present second-person)
mouillent (indicative plural present third-person)
mouillais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mouillais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mouillait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mouillions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mouilliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mouillaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mouillai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
mouillas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
mouilla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
mouillâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
mouillâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
mouillèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
mouillerai (first-person future indicative singular)
mouilleras (future indicative second-person singular)
mouillera (future indicative singular third-person)
mouillerons (first-person future indicative plural)
mouillerez (future indicative plural second-person)
mouilleront (future indicative plural third-person)
mouillerais (conditional first-person singular)
mouillerais (conditional second-person singular)
mouillerait (conditional singular third-person)
mouillerions (conditional first-person plural)
mouilleriez (conditional plural second-person)
mouilleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
mouille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mouilles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mouille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mouillions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mouilliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mouillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mouillasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
mouillasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mouillât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mouillassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mouillassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mouillassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mouille (imperative second-person singular)
mouillons (first-person imperative plural)
mouillez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French moillier, from Vulgar Latin *molliāre (“soak”), a verb based on Latin mollis (“soft”). Compare Occitan molhar.


composition

→ Korean: 콩포지숑 (kongpojisyong) (rare)

→ Turkish: kompozisyon

Inherited from Old French composicion, borrowed from Latin compositiōnem.

(linguistics) composition, compounding, formation of compound words


objet

Turkish: obje

Coordinate term: sujet


ellipse

Borrowed from Latin ellīpsis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis).


proposition

From Latin prōpositiōnem (“statement, proposition”), from prōpōnō (“propose”), from pōnō (“place; assume”).


conjuguer

conjuguer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
conjuguant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
conjugué (participle past)
conjugue (first-person indicative present singular)
conjugues (indicative present second-person singular)
conjugue (indicative present singular third-person)
conjuguons (first-person indicative plural present)
conjuguez (indicative plural present second-person)
conjuguent (indicative plural present third-person)
conjuguais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
conjuguais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
conjuguait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
conjuguions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
conjuguiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
conjuguaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
conjuguai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
conjuguas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
conjugua (historic indicative past singular third-person)
conjuguâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
conjuguâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
conjuguèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
conjuguerai (first-person future indicative singular)
conjugueras (future indicative second-person singular)
conjuguera (future indicative singular third-person)
conjuguerons (first-person future indicative plural)
conjuguerez (future indicative plural second-person)
conjugueront (future indicative plural third-person)
conjuguerais (conditional first-person singular)
conjuguerais (conditional second-person singular)
conjuguerait (conditional singular third-person)
conjuguerions (conditional first-person plural)
conjugueriez (conditional plural second-person)
conjugueraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
conjugue (first-person present singular subjunctive)
conjugues (present second-person singular subjunctive)
conjugue (present singular subjunctive third-person)
conjuguions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
conjuguiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
conjuguent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
conjuguasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
conjuguasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conjuguât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conjuguassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
conjuguassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conjuguassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conjugue (imperative second-person singular)
conjuguons (first-person imperative plural)
conjuguez (imperative plural second-person)


verbe

Learned borrowing from Latin verbum. Doublet of verve.


conjugaison

From Middle French conjugaison, alteration of earlier conjugation, borrowed from Latin coniugātiōnem. Equivalent to conjuguer + -aison.


apocope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ).


imparfait

(grammar) the past imperfect, the imperfect or continuous past tense


régime

→ English: regime, régime

→ German: Regime

→ Ottoman Turkish: رژیم (rejim)

Turkish: rejim

→ Persian: رژیم (režim)

→ Urdu: رژیم (režim)

→ Arabic: رجيم (rejim)

→ Romanian: regim

desctree

→ Russian: режи́м m (režím), режи́мъ (režím) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: rejim
→ Kazakh: режим (rejim)


contexte

→ Turkish: kontekst


gaga

(linguistics, by ellipsis) the parler gaga, a French variety spoken in the French city of Saint-Étienne, the North of the Forez and around.


nom

Antillean Creole: non

Haitian Creole: non

Louisiana Creole: nom

Mauritian Creole: non

Seychellois Creole: non

Inherited from Old French nom (whence Norman nom), from Latin nōmen (whence Italian and Portuguese nome; Spanish nombre), from Proto-Italic *nomən, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (whence Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Russian и́мя (ímja), Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man), English name).

Le mot « copain » est un nom.

(grammar, dated) noun or adjective; used in nom adjectif and nom substantif


pronom

Learned borrowing from Latin prōnōmen. By surface analysis, pro- + nom.


cas

Inherited from Old French cas, borrowed from Latin cāsus.


fini

fr-adj

fini (feminine finie, masculine plural finis, feminine plural finies)

finie (feminine)
finis (masculine plural)
finies (feminine plural)

(grammar) finite (inflected for person or number)


moyen

moyen (feminine moyenne, masculine plural moyens, feminine plural moyennes)

moyenne (feminine)
moyens (masculine plural)
moyennes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French moyen, from Old French moien, earlier meien, inherited from Latin mediānus. Doublet of médian, a borrowing, and also of misaine.

[N]ormalement, le vocalisme radical du parfait moyen est semblable à celui de l'aoriste passif[.]

1976, Cornelius J. Ruigh, “Observations sur la flexion des verbes du type τρίβω, φρύγω: l'origine des alternances ῑ/ῐ et ῡ/ῠ”, in Studies in Greek, Italic, and Indo-European linguistics: offered to Leonard R. Palmer on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, June 5, 1976, →ISBN, page 340:

Normally, the root vocalism of the perfect middle is similar to that of the aorist passive.


lemme

Borrowed from the Latin lemma, itself a borrowing from the Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmmă).


articulation

→ Turkish: artikülasyon

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō. By surface analysis, articuler + -ation.

lbor

mode d'articulation

point d'articulation

(phonetics) articulation (emission of a sound)


allophone

Coordinate term: phonème

(phonetics, phonology) allophone (any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme)


phonème

desctree

→ Dutch: foneem, phoneem (dated)
→ Indonesian: fonem

→ German: Phonem

Greek: φώνημα n (fónima, “phoneme”)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma).

lbor

Coordinate term: phone

ce phonème, qui fleurit aussi bien dans l'extrême Orient que dans notre Basse-Normandie, tient le milieu entre notre a grave et lo grave moyen des mots fort! encore! etc.

this sound, as abundant in the Far East as in our own Lower Normandy occupies the ground between our à sound and the middle o of words like fort! and encore!

Tout phonème suppose un réseau d'oppositions avec les autres phonèmes du même système. La thèse saussurienne précise: «Les phonèmes sont avant tout des entités oppositives, relative et négatives.»

Every phoneme assumes a network of contrasts with other phonemes in the same system. In de Saussure's words: "Phonemes are defined above all by opposition, relativity, by what they are not."

(phonetics, phonology) phoneme (indivisible unit of sound in a given language)


passé simple

Je comprends que je manque de maîtrise / Mais heureusement, j'assume mes bêtises / Votre passé simple n'est pas si simple

2023, “French Kiss”, performed by Chilly Gonzales:

I understand that I lack control / But fortunately, I take responsibility for my mistakes / Your simple past is not so simple

(grammar) past historic tense, a tense used in some languages (such as French and Italian) in narrative, roughly equivalent to the simple past or preterite in English


entrée

→ Danish: entré

→ English: entrée

→ Greek: αντρέ (antré)

→ Swedish: entré

→ Turkish: antre

(lexicography) headword, entry (in a dictionary, encyclopedia)


prescription

Inherited from Old French prescripcion, itself borrowed from Latin praescrīptiō.

Coordinate term: description

(linguistics) prescription (act of establishing or formalizing ideal norms for language use, as opposed to describing the actual norms of such use)


sujet

→ Macedonian: сиже́ (sižé)

desctree

→ Russian: сюже́т (sjužét)
→ Kazakh: сюжет (süjet)

→ Serbo-Croatian: sìžē, сѝже̄

→ Slovak: sujet

→ Persian: سوژه (suže)

→ Turkish: süje


parfait

→ Finnish: parfait, parfee

Calque of Latin perfectus based on French par- + fait, inherited from Latin per- and factus respectively.


crase

From Ancient Greek κρᾶσις (krâsis, “mixture”).

der

La crase est très employée dans la conversation courante populaire.

Crasis is very often employed in modern colloquial conversation.

τοὐμόν, κἀγώ, κᾆτα sont les crases de τὸ ἐμόν, καὶ ἐγώ, καὶ εἶτα

τοὐμόν, κἀγώ, κᾆτα are the crasic forms of τὸ ἐμόν, καὶ ἐγώ, καὶ εἶτα

(linguistics) crasis (contraction of a vowel at the end of a word with the start of the next word), (especially) in Ancient Greek


coronal

fr-adj

coronal (feminine coronale, masculine plural coronaux, feminine plural coronales)

coronale (feminine)
coronaux (masculine plural)
coronales (feminine plural)

From Latin corōnālis, from corōna (“a crown”).

(anatomy, astronomy, botany, phonetics) coronal


locution

Borrowed from Latin locūtiōnem (“speech”), from loqui (“speak”).

bor+

w:Trésor de la langue française informatisé

(linguistics) locution (a group of words with the grammatical value of a single word)


syncope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ).


racine

Inherited from Old French *raicine, from Late Latin rādīcīna (“root”), from Latin rādīx, rādīcis (“root”), from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

jardin des racines grecques

les racines latines en français


traduction

fr-noun

traduction f (countable and uncountable, plural traductions)

Learned borrowing from Latin trāductiō (“transferring, translation”, literally “leading across”), from trādūcō (“to lead across”), from trāns (“across”) + dūcō (“to lead”).

lbor

Coordinate term: interprétation

traduction à vue

traduction automatique

traduction assistée par ordinateur

(translation studies, uncountable) translation (the discipline or study of translating written language)


muet

fr-adj

muet (feminine muette, masculine plural muets, feminine plural muettes)

muette (feminine)
muets (masculine plural)
muettes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French mut, muet, from Old French mu, mut, mui, from Latin mūtus, of Proto-Indo-European origin.

« Le » et « la » deviennent « l’ » devant une voyelle ou un « h » muet.

Le and la become l' before a vowel or a silent "h".


présent

présent (feminine présente, masculine plural présents, feminine plural présentes)

présente (feminine)
présents (masculine plural)
présentes (feminine plural)
præsent (alternative obsolete)


présent

présents (plural)
præsent (alternative obsolete)


SOV

(linguistics) initialism of sujet-objet-verbe, equivalent to English SOV (subject-object-verb).


subordination

Borrowed from Late Latin subordinātiōnem. See also subordonner and -ation.


attaque

→ English: attack

→ German: Attacke

→ Polish: atak

→ Romanian: atac


populaire

→ Turkish: popüler

From Middle French populaire, a learned borrowing from Latin populāris.

République populaire démocratique de Corée


sourd

fr-adj

sourd (feminine sourde, masculine plural sourds, feminine plural sourdes)

sourde (feminine)
sourds (masculine plural)
sourdes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French sourd, from Old French sourt, sord, surt, surz, from Latin surdus, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”).

der

il n'est pire sourd que celui qui ne veut pas entendre


noyau

Backformed from Old French noyaus, plural of noyal, from Late Latin nucālis, from Latin nux.

(phonetics, phonology) nucleus of a syllable


copule

Borrowed from Latin copula. Doublet of couple.


liquide

Inherited from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus.

(phonology) liquid (class of consonant sounds)


renverser

renverser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
renversant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
renversé (participle past)
renverse (first-person indicative present singular)
renverses (indicative present second-person singular)
renverse (indicative present singular third-person)
renversons (first-person indicative plural present)
renversez (indicative plural present second-person)
renversent (indicative plural present third-person)
renversais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
renversais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
renversait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
renversions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
renversiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
renversaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
renversai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
renversas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
renversa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
renversâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
renversâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
renversèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
renverserai (first-person future indicative singular)
renverseras (future indicative second-person singular)
renversera (future indicative singular third-person)
renverserons (first-person future indicative plural)
renverserez (future indicative plural second-person)
renverseront (future indicative plural third-person)
renverserais (conditional first-person singular)
renverserais (conditional second-person singular)
renverserait (conditional singular third-person)
renverserions (conditional first-person plural)
renverseriez (conditional plural second-person)
renverseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
renverse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
renverses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
renverse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
renversions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
renversiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
renversent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
renversasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
renversasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
renversât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
renversassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
renversassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
renversassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
renverse (imperative second-person singular)
renversons (first-person imperative plural)
renversez (imperative plural second-person)

From re- + Old French enverser, the latter from Latin inversāre.

(transitive, grammar) to invert (change the positions of words in a sentence)


motivé

fr-adj

motivé (feminine motivée, masculine plural motivés, feminine plural motivées)

motivée (feminine)
motivés (masculine plural)
motivées (feminine plural)

un signe motivé

(semiotics) motivated, bearing a necessity between the signed and the signifier


conditionnel

Borrowed from Medieval Latin conditiōnālis (“conditional”), from conditiō (“condition”).

bor+

(linguistics, grammar) conditional, the conditional mood or the conditional tense


neutre

Inherited from Old French neutre, from Latin neuter.


singulier

fr-adj

singulier (feminine singulière, masculine plural singuliers, feminine plural singulières)

singulière (feminine)
singuliers (masculine plural)
singulières (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin singulāris. Doublet of sanglier.


compteur

→ Khmer: កុងទ័រ (kongtɔə)

→ Lombard: contoeur

→ Malagasy: kaontera

→ Piedmontese: conteur

→ Turkish: kontör

→ Vietnamese: công tơ

From compter (“to count”) + -eur (“-er”). Doublet of conteur. Compare comptoir.


formant

Borrowed from German Formant, from Latin fōrmāns (“shaping; forming; fashioning”), present participle of fōrmō (“to shape; to form; to fashion”). Doublet of formans.

der

(physics, phonetics) formant (band of frequencies, in a sound spectrum, that have a greater intensity; they determine the quality of a sound; especially the characteristic sounds of the consonants)

(linguistic morphology) formative (language unit, typically a morph, that has a morphological function)


phonologie

→ Turkish: fonoloji


réfection

Borrowed from Latin refectiōnem (“recovery, refection”), from reficiō (“restore, renew”).

bor+

(linguistics) refashioning, restoration, on the basis of its etymology, of a word which has undergone phonetic erosion through regular sound laws; the word resulting from that process


adnominal

fr-adj

adnominal (feminine adnominale, masculine plural adnominaux, feminine plural adnominales)

adnominale (feminine)
adnominaux (masculine plural)
adnominales (feminine plural)


initiale

* (noun sense 1): Ellipsis of lettre initiale.
* (noun sense 2): Ellipsis of consonne initiale.

(linguistics) initial, onset (first consonantal phoneme in a syllable. Often used in the study of Chinese languages)


substantif

substantif (feminine substantive, masculine plural substantifs, feminine plural substantives)

substantive (feminine)
substantifs (masculine plural)
substantives (feminine plural)

From Late Latin substantīvum, neuter singular of substantīvus (“substantive”), from substantia (“substance, essence”).


actif

actif (feminine active, masculine plural actifs, feminine plural actives)

active (feminine)
actifs (masculine plural)
actives (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French actif, from Latin āctīvus.

la voix active


actif

→ Turkish: aktif


souche

Inherited from Middle French souche, from Old French çoche, from Vulgar Latin *tsucca, from Gaulish *tsukka, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“stock; stump”). Cognate with Catalan and Spanish soca, Sicilian zuccu. More at English stock.

der

un mot de souche latine


complexe

phrase complexe

Coordinate term: simple


indicatif

Inherited from Old French indicatif, a borrowing from Late Latin indicātīvus.


gérondif

From Latin gerundīvus (“of a gerund”), from gerundium (“gerund”), from gerundus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).

(grammar) a syntactical construction of French composed of the present participle preceded with the preposition en, used to express simultaneity or manner; an adverbial participle


différance

Coined by Jacques Derrida in 1959 from différer + -ance, as a pun on the homophonous word différence.

(literary theory, linguistics) différance


hapax

From Ancient Greek ἅπαξ (hápax, “once”).

(linguistics, lexicography) hapax, hapax legomenon


épithète

From Middle French épithète, from Latin epithetum, epitheton, from Ancient Greek ἐπίθετον (epítheton, “epithet, adjective”), the neuter of ἐπίθετος (epíthetos, “attributed, added”), from ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi, “to add on”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “in addition”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, to do”)).

attributive adjective
attributive adjective

(linguistics, grammar) Refers to a descriptive word or phrase that modifies a nominal element without an intervening verb.


affixe

→ Romanian: afix


génitif

génitifs (plural)
gén. (alternative abbreviation)


néologisme

→ Catalan: neologisme

→ English: neologism

→ German: Neologismus

From Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new”) + λόγος (lógos, “word”) + -isme.


mot souche

(linguistics) root (word from which another word or words are derived)


passé surcomposé

fr-noun

passé surcomposé m (plural passés surcomposés)

(grammar) a past tense using two auxiliary verbs to conjugate


familier

fr-adj

familier (feminine familière, masculine plural familiers, feminine plural familières)

familière (feminine)
familiers (masculine plural)
familières (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin familiāris.

(linguistics) familiar, informal, colloquial


dérivé

Dérivatif et dérivation sont des dérivés du verbe dériver

Derivative and derivation are terms derived from the verb to derive

(linguistics) a derived term, derivative


emphatique

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐμφατικός (emphatikós).

lbor

(phonetics, linguistics) emphatic (characterized by emphasis)


épenthèse

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis).


accusatif

Borrowed from Latin (cāsus) accūsātīvus.


syntaxe

From Middle French sintaxe, borrowed from Late Latin syntaxis, from Ancient Greek σύνταξις (súntaxis), from σύν (sún, “together”) + τάξις (táxis, “arrangement”), from τάσσω (tássō, “to arrange”).

La syntaxe est, à l'origine, la branche de la linguistique qui étudie la manière dont les mots se combinent pour former des phrases ou des énoncés dans une langue.

Syntax is, in the beginning, the branch of linguistics that studies the way in which words combine to form sentences or utterances in a language.


morphologique

(relational) morphology; morphological
(linguistics)


anomal

fr-adj

anomal (feminine anomale, masculine plural anomaux, feminine plural anomales)

anomale (feminine)
anomaux (masculine plural)
anomales (feminine plural)

From Latin anōmalos, from Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos, “uneven, irregular, anomalous”).


affixer

affixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
affixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
affixé (participle past)
affixe (first-person indicative present singular)
affixes (indicative present second-person singular)
affixe (indicative present singular third-person)
affixons (first-person indicative plural present)
affixez (indicative plural present second-person)
affixent (indicative plural present third-person)
affixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
affixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
affixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
affixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
affixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
affixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
affixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
affixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
affixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
affixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
affixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
affixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
affixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
affixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
affixera (future indicative singular third-person)
affixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
affixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
affixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
affixerais (conditional first-person singular)
affixerais (conditional second-person singular)
affixerait (conditional singular third-person)
affixerions (conditional first-person plural)
affixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
affixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
affixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
affixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
affixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
affixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
affixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
affixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
affixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
affixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
affixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
affixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
affixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
affixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
affixe (imperative second-person singular)
affixons (first-person imperative plural)
affixez (imperative plural second-person)


analyser

analyser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
analysant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
analysé (participle past)
analyse (first-person indicative present singular)
analyses (indicative present second-person singular)
analyse (indicative present singular third-person)
analysons (first-person indicative plural present)
analysez (indicative plural present second-person)
analysent (indicative plural present third-person)
analysais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
analysais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
analysait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
analysions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
analysiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
analysaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
analysai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
analysas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
analysa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
analysâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
analysâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
analysèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
analyserai (first-person future indicative singular)
analyseras (future indicative second-person singular)
analysera (future indicative singular third-person)
analyserons (first-person future indicative plural)
analyserez (future indicative plural second-person)
analyseront (future indicative plural third-person)
analyserais (conditional first-person singular)
analyserais (conditional second-person singular)
analyserait (conditional singular third-person)
analyserions (conditional first-person plural)
analyseriez (conditional plural second-person)
analyseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
analyse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
analyses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
analyse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
analysions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
analysiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
analysent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
analysasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
analysasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
analysât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
analysassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
analysassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
analysassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
analyse (imperative second-person singular)
analysons (first-person imperative plural)
analysez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: analiza

(grammar, transitive) to parse, to construe


isolant

fr-adj

isolant (feminine isolante, masculine plural isolants, feminine plural isolantes)

isolante (feminine)
isolants (masculine plural)
isolantes (feminine plural)


déterminant

déterminant possessif


signifiant

Coordinate term: signifié


signifié

Coordinate term: signifiant


réfléchi

réfléchi (feminine réfléchie, masculine plural réfléchis, feminine plural réfléchies)

réfléchie (feminine)
réfléchis (masculine plural)
réfléchies (feminine plural)


aigu

aigu (feminine aiguë or aigüe, masculine plural aigus, feminine plural aiguës or aigües)

aiguë (feminine)
aigüe (feminine)
aigus (masculine plural)
aiguës (feminine plural)
aigües (feminine plural)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: aigu

Inherited from Middle French aigu, agu, from Old French agu, from Latin acūtus (“sharp”); related to English acute. The original Old French result was eü (preserved in the toponym Montheu < Latin Mons acutus (“sharp mountain”)), which was likely modified into the form agu based on the Latin, and then influenced by words like aigre, or aiguiser, as with aiguille.
Doublet of acut.

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “aigu”, in Dictionnaire turc-français (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques: “Les quatres autres e, i, u, oeu sont aiguës.


sifflant

sifflant (feminine sifflante, masculine plural sifflants, feminine plural sifflantes)

sifflante (feminine)
sifflants (masculine plural)
sifflantes (feminine plural)

(phonetics) relative to a sibilant (see sifflante).


intransitif

intransitif (feminine intransitive, masculine plural intransitifs, feminine plural intransitives)

intransitive (feminine)
intransitifs (masculine plural)
intransitives (feminine plural)

(grammar, of a verb) intransitive (not taking a direct object)


verbe pronominal

fr-noun

verbe pronominal m (plural verbes pronominaux)

verbe pronominal réfléchi

verbes pronominaux réciproques

verbe pronominal à sens passif

Le verbe « s'amuser » est un verbe pronominal.

(grammar) pronominal verb, reflexive verb (verb that is conjugated with a personal pronoun complement, the partner, taking up the subject)


ablatif

fr-adj

ablatif (feminine ablative, masculine plural ablatifs, feminine plural ablatives)

ablative (feminine)
ablatifs (masculine plural)
ablatives (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin (cāsus) ablātīvus (“ablative case, ablative”), from ablātus (“taken away”), from auferō (“to take away”).

bor+

(linguistics, rare, relational) of the ablative case


ablatif

(linguistics, uncountable) ablative, ablative case

(linguistics, countable) a word or expression in the ablative case


mot-valise

fr-noun

mot-valise m (plural mots-valises or mots-valise)

mots-valises (plural)
mots-valise (plural)

(linguistics, lexicography) portmanteau word


transitif

fr-adj

transitif (feminine transitive, masculine plural transitifs, feminine plural transitives)

transitive (feminine)
transitifs (masculine plural)
transitives (feminine plural)

(grammar; of a verb) transitive (that takes an object or objects)


vocatif

Inherited from Middle French vocatif, borrowed from grammatical Latin vocātīvus.


autochtone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αὐτόχθων (autókhthōn).

bor+

(of a person, race, language, or the like) autochthonous, native, indigenous, aboriginal


substrat

(linguistics) substrate (an indigenous language)


comparatif

Inherited from Old French comparatif, borrowed from Latin comparātīvus, from comparō (“to compare”) + -īvus.

un comparatif de supériorité, le comparatif d'infériorité, et celui d'égalité

comparative (a grammatical structure used to compare or contrast)

Quatre mots français, dont trois adjectifs et un adverbe, ont un comparatif irrégulier.

comparative (a word, particularly an adjective or adverb, in comparative form)


dialecte

→ Romanian: dialect

→ Turkish: diyalekt

Inherited from Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectus, from Ancient Greek διάλεκτος (diálektos).

(linguistics) language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it


décliner

décliner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
déclinant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
décliné (participle past)
décline (first-person indicative present singular)
déclines (indicative present second-person singular)
décline (indicative present singular third-person)
déclinons (first-person indicative plural present)
déclinez (indicative plural present second-person)
déclinent (indicative plural present third-person)
déclinais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
déclinais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
déclinait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
déclinions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
décliniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
déclinaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
déclinai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
déclinas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
déclina (historic indicative past singular third-person)
déclinâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
déclinâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
déclinèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
déclinerai (first-person future indicative singular)
déclineras (future indicative second-person singular)
déclinera (future indicative singular third-person)
déclinerons (first-person future indicative plural)
déclinerez (future indicative plural second-person)
déclineront (future indicative plural third-person)
déclinerais (conditional first-person singular)
déclinerais (conditional second-person singular)
déclinerait (conditional singular third-person)
déclinerions (conditional first-person plural)
déclineriez (conditional plural second-person)
déclineraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
décline (first-person present singular subjunctive)
déclines (present second-person singular subjunctive)
décline (present singular subjunctive third-person)
déclinions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
décliniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
déclinent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
déclinasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
déclinasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
déclinât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
déclinassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
déclinassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
déclinassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
décline (imperative second-person singular)
déclinons (first-person imperative plural)
déclinez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French decliner, borrowed from Latin dēclīnāre.


infinitif

fr-adj

infinitif (feminine infinitive, masculine plural infinitifs, feminine plural infinitives)

infinitive (feminine)
infinitifs (masculine plural)
infinitives (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin īnfīnītīvus [modus].

proposition infinitive


infinitif

(grammar) infinitive (uninflected verb form)


diphtongue

diphtongues (plural)
diphthongue (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Latin diphthongos or diphthongus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos, “diphthong”).


translittération

fr-noun

translittération f (plural translittérations)

desc

ترانسلیتراسیون

→ Persian: ترانسلیتراسیون (terânsliterâsyon)

(linguistics) transliteration (action of translitering)


monophtongaison

fr-noun

monophtongaison f (plural monophtongaisons)


baryton

fr-adj

baryton (feminine barytonne, masculine plural barytons, feminine plural barytonnes)

barytonne (feminine)
barytons (masculine plural)
barytonnes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin barytŏnus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek βαρύτονος (barútonos).

lbor

Coordinate term: oxyton


abessif

fr-adj

abessif (feminine abessive, masculine plural abessifs, feminine plural abessives)

abessive (feminine)
abessifs (masculine plural)
abessives (feminine plural)


vélaire

Borrowed from New Latin vēlāris, from vēlum (whence French voile).


labiovélaire

labiovélaires (plural)
labio-vélaire (alternative)


créole

An adaptation of the Castilian Spanish criollo (“homey, local yokel”), from Portuguese crioulo, diminutive of cria (“person raised in one’s house, servant”), from Portuguese criar (“to rear, to bring up”), from Latin creō (“to create”)


pragmatique

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πραγματικός (pragmatikós).


thème

→ Persian: تم (tem)

Learned borrowing from Latin thema, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

(linguistics) theme (what is generally being talked about, as opposed to rheme)

Coordinate term: désinence

Near-synonym: radical

Dans la forme verbale jouons, jou- est le thème, et -ons la désinence.

In the verb jouons, jou- is the stem and the ending is -ons.

(grammar) stem of (usually) a noun or verb, to which inflectional endings are attached


datif

→ Turkish: datif


déclinaison

Inherited from Middle French declinaison, from Latin dēclīnātiōnem. By surface analysis, décliner + -aison.

inh+

(grammar) declension (inflection of a noun, pronoun or adjective)


impersonnel

fr-adj

impersonnel (feminine impersonnelle, masculine plural impersonnels, feminine plural impersonnelles)

impersonnelle (feminine)
impersonnels (masculine plural)
impersonnelles (feminine plural)


prépositionnel

prépositionnel (feminine prépositionnelle, masculine plural prépositionnels, feminine plural prépositionnelles)

prépositionnelle (feminine)
prépositionnels (masculine plural)
prépositionnelles (feminine plural)


pronom relatif

fr-noun

pronom relatif m (plural pronoms relatifs)


descriptif

fr-adj

descriptif (feminine descriptive, masculine plural descriptifs, feminine plural descriptives)

descriptive (feminine)
descriptifs (masculine plural)
descriptives (feminine plural)


phonétique

From Ancient Greek φωνητικός (phōnētikós).


apophonie

Calque of German Ablaut, coined from the Ancient Greek roots apo- + -phonie.

(phonetics, linguistic morphology) apophony (alternation of sounds within a word), ablaut


palatalisation

fr-noun

palatalisation f (plural palatalisations)


interprète

interprète m or f by sense (plural interprètes)

(translation studies) interpreter (as opposed to translator)


première personne

(grammar) first person (the form of a verb used when the subject of a sentence is making the statement)


régulier

fr-adj

régulier (feminine régulière, masculine plural réguliers, feminine plural régulières)

régulière (feminine)
réguliers (masculine plural)
régulières (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French reguler, borrowed from Late Latin regulāris.


irrégulier

irrégulier (feminine irrégulière, masculine plural irréguliers, feminine plural irrégulières)

irrégulière (feminine)
irréguliers (masculine plural)
irrégulières (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French irregulier, a borrowing from Late Latin irrēgulāris.


langue romane

fr-noun

langue romane f (plural langues romanes)


langue construite

langue construite f (plural langues construites)

constructed language
constructed language


cas sujet

(grammar, especially Old French) subjective case, subject case


cas régime

(grammar, especially Old French) objective case, object case


éolien

fr-adj

éolien (feminine éolienne, masculine plural éoliens, feminine plural éoliennes)

éolienne (feminine)
éoliens (masculine plural)
éoliennes (feminine plural)
æolien (alternative obsolete)


accordé

accordé (feminine accordée, masculine plural accordés, feminine plural accordées)

accordée (feminine)
accordés (masculine plural)
accordées (feminine plural)

(grammar) agreeing, which agrees with its subject


attribut

Borrowed from Medieval Latin attribūtum.

adjectif attribut

Dans la phrase "Marc est le frère de Paul", "le frère de Paul" est l'attribut du sujet "Marc".

In the sentence "Marc is Paul's brother", "Paul's brother" is the complement of the subject "Marc".

Du point de vue des fonctions syntaxiques, les verbes d'état sont ceux qui définissent un sujet et son attribut.


suffixer

suffixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
suffixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
suffixé (participle past)
suffixe (first-person indicative present singular)
suffixes (indicative present second-person singular)
suffixe (indicative present singular third-person)
suffixons (first-person indicative plural present)
suffixez (indicative plural present second-person)
suffixent (indicative plural present third-person)
suffixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
suffixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
suffixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
suffixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
suffixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
suffixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
suffixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
suffixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
suffixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
suffixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
suffixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
suffixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
suffixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
suffixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
suffixera (future indicative singular third-person)
suffixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
suffixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
suffixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
suffixerais (conditional first-person singular)
suffixerais (conditional second-person singular)
suffixerait (conditional singular third-person)
suffixerions (conditional first-person plural)
suffixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
suffixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
suffixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
suffixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
suffixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
suffixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
suffixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
suffixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
suffixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
suffixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
suffixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
suffixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
suffixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
suffixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
suffixe (imperative second-person singular)
suffixons (first-person imperative plural)
suffixez (imperative plural second-person)


préfixer

préfixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
préfixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
préfixé (participle past)
préfixe (first-person indicative present singular)
préfixes (indicative present second-person singular)
préfixe (indicative present singular third-person)
préfixons (first-person indicative plural present)
préfixez (indicative plural present second-person)
préfixent (indicative plural present third-person)
préfixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
préfixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
préfixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
préfixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
préfixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
préfixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
préfixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
préfixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
préfixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
préfixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
préfixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
préfixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
préfixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
préfixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
préfixera (future indicative singular third-person)
préfixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
préfixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
préfixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
préfixerais (conditional first-person singular)
préfixerais (conditional second-person singular)
préfixerait (conditional singular third-person)
préfixerions (conditional first-person plural)
préfixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
préfixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
préfixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
préfixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
préfixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
préfixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
préfixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
préfixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
préfixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
préfixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
préfixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
préfixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
préfixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
préfixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
préfixe (imperative second-person singular)
préfixons (first-person imperative plural)
préfixez (imperative plural second-person)


alternance de code

LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-alternance de code.wav


consécutive

consecutive interpreting
consecutive interpreting

consecutive interpretation
consecutive interpretation

(translation studies) consecutive interpreting, consecutive interpretation


hétéroclite

Learned borrowing from Late Latin heteroclitus, from Ancient Greek ἑτερόκλιτος (heteróklitos).


superlatif

Inherited from Old French superlatif, borrowed from Late Latin superlātīvus, from Latin superlātus (“extravagant, of hyperbole”), past participle of superfero (“carry over”), from super (“above”) + fero (“bear, carry”).


superlatif

fr-adj

superlatif (feminine superlative, masculine plural superlatifs, feminine plural superlatives)

superlative (feminine)
superlatifs (masculine plural)
superlatives (feminine plural)


subordonné

subordonné (feminine subordonnée, masculine plural subordonnés, feminine plural subordonnées)

subordonnée (feminine)
subordonnés (masculine plural)
subordonnées (feminine plural)

proposition subordonnée


prothèse

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (próthesis).


particule

Borrowed from Latin particula. Doublet of parcelle.


interprétation

fr-noun

interprétation f (plural interprétations)

Learned borrowing from Latin interpretātiō. By surface analysis, interpréter + -ation.

surf

Coordinate term: traduction

interprétation consécutive

interprétation de conférence

interprétation simultanée

(translation studies) interpretation, interpreting


voisé

fr-adj

voisé (feminine voisée, masculine plural voisés, feminine plural voisées)

voisée (feminine)
voisés (masculine plural)
voisées (feminine plural)

(linguistics) voiced (sounded with vibration of the vocal cords)


périphrastique

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περιφραστικός (periphrastikós).

bor+

περιφραστικός

(grammar, of a tense) periphrastic (formed by a combination of words rather than morphemes)


déterminant possessif

fr-noun

déterminant possessif m (plural déterminants possessifs)

possessive determiner
possessive determiner


impératif

Inherited from Old French imperatif, borrowed from Latin imperātīvus.


alphabet phonétique international

alphabet phonétique international m (uncountable)

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-alphabet phonétique international.wav

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA


enchaînement

enchaînements (plural)
enchainement (alternative)

/ɑ̃.ʃɛn.mɑ̃/


morphème

From Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ) + -ème, coined on the model of phonème.

(linguistic morphology) morpheme (smallest linguistic unit within a word that can carry a meaning)


bitransitif

fr-adj

bitransitif (feminine bitransitive, masculine plural bitransitifs, feminine plural bitransitives)

bitransitive (feminine)
bitransitifs (masculine plural)
bitransitives (feminine plural)


métathèse

Borrowed from Late Latin metathesis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis).


régionalisme

fr-noun

régionalisme m (countable and uncountable, plural régionalismes)

(linguistics, countable) regionalism (word or phrase originating in, characteristic of, or limited to a region)


itératif

fr-adj

itératif (feminine itérative, masculine plural itératifs, feminine plural itératives)

itérative (feminine)
itératifs (masculine plural)
itératives (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin iterativus, from Latin iteratus.

lbor

Coordinate term: sémelfactif

(grammar) iterative (expressive of an action that is repeated with frequency)


arrondi

fr-adj

arrondi (feminine arrondie, masculine plural arrondis, feminine plural arrondies)

arrondie (feminine)
arrondis (masculine plural)
arrondies (feminine plural)

(phonetics, phonology) rounded (pronounced with lips drawn together)


indo-européen commun

(linguistics) Proto-Indo-European (reconstructed language)


langue reconstruite

fr-noun

langue reconstruite f (plural langues reconstruites)

reconstructed language
reconstructed language


apax

(linguistics, rare) alternative spelling of hapax


infixer

infixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
infixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
infixé (participle past)
infixe (first-person indicative present singular)
infixes (indicative present second-person singular)
infixe (indicative present singular third-person)
infixons (first-person indicative plural present)
infixez (indicative plural present second-person)
infixent (indicative plural present third-person)
infixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
infixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
infixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
infixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
infixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
infixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
infixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
infixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
infixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
infixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
infixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
infixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
infixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
infixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
infixera (future indicative singular third-person)
infixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
infixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
infixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
infixerais (conditional first-person singular)
infixerais (conditional second-person singular)
infixerait (conditional singular third-person)
infixerions (conditional first-person plural)
infixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
infixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
infixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
infixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
infixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
infixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
infixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
infixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
infixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
infixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
infixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
infixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
infixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
infixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
infixe (imperative second-person singular)
infixons (first-person imperative plural)
infixez (imperative plural second-person)


casuel

fr-adj

casuel (feminine casuelle, masculine plural casuels, feminine plural casuelles)

casuelle (feminine)
casuels (masculine plural)
casuelles (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French casuel, borrowed from Latin cāsuālis.

terminaison casuelle

syncrétisme casuel

système casuel

(linguistics, relational) case, grammatical case


translingue

/tʁɑ̃.slɛ̃ɡ/


sémantique

→ German: Semantik

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σημαντικός (sēmantikós), late 19th c.

lbor

Coordinate term: pragmatique

la sémantique formelle

Les copules, qui se réduisent au rôle de lien syntaxique entre sujet et attribut en estompant leur sémantique propre, sont souvent des verbes d'état.

Copulas, which amount only to syntactic links between subject and complement since their own semantic content has been lost, are often stative verbs.


perfectif

fr-adj

perfectif (feminine perfective, masculine plural perfectifs, feminine plural perfectives)

perfective (feminine)
perfectifs (masculine plural)
perfectives (feminine plural)


partitif

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin partītīvus, from Latin partītus + -īvus.


locution figée

fr-noun

locution figée f (plural locutions figées)


catégoriel

fr-adj

catégoriel (feminine catégorielle, masculine plural catégoriels, feminine plural catégorielles)

catégorielle (feminine)
catégoriels (masculine plural)
catégorielles (feminine plural)

(philosophy, linguistics, relational) of categories; categorical


pléonasme

Learned borrowing from Latin pleonasmus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek πλεονασμός (pleonasmós).


mot composé

(linguistics) compound, compound word (linguistics: word formed by combining other words)


duratif

duratif (feminine durative, masculine plural duratifs, feminine plural duratives)

durative (feminine)
duratifs (masculine plural)
duratives (feminine plural)

From Middle French, from Old French, from durer (“to last (for)”) + -if (suffix forming adjectives denoting characteristics/qualities).

af

(linguistics) durative (expressing continuing action)


coup de glotte

fr-noun

coup de glotte m (plural coups de glotte)

(phonetics) glottal stop (plosive sound articulated with the glottis)


lénition

lénition f (usually uncountable, plural lénitions)

(linguistics) lenition (weakening of consonant articulation)


enclitique

(linguistics) enclitic (referring to a clitic which joins with the preceding word)


enclitique

(linguistics) enclitic (clitic which joins with the preceding word)


ergatif

fr-adj

ergatif (feminine ergative, masculine plural ergatifs, feminine plural ergatives)

ergative (feminine)
ergatifs (masculine plural)
ergatives (feminine plural)


tournure

→ English: tournure

→ Dutch: tournure

→ Italian: tournure

→ Norwegian Bokmål: turnyr

→ Polish: turniura

→ Russian: турню́р (turnjúr)

→ Chuvash: турнюр (turnjur)

→ Ukrainian: турнюр (turnjur)

→ Swedish: turnyr

→ Finnish: turnyyri


dérivation régressive

fr-noun

dérivation régressive f (plural dérivations régressives)


défectif

fr-adj

défectif (feminine défective, masculine plural défectifs, feminine plural défectives)

défective (feminine)
défectifs (masculine plural)
défectives (feminine plural)

Le verbe falloir est défectif.

(grammar) defective (said of a verb that does not conjugate itself at all, does not conjugate itself anymore, or that only conjugates itself in certain persons or in certain tenses)


auxiliaire

Borrowed from Latin auxiliāris, from auxilium (“help”).


auxiliaire

22 octobre 44 – Deux êtres qui se prêtent l’un à l’autre pour leur mieux-être. Et Kurt n’en tirait pas vanité. Je crois que c’est ce détail-là qui m’a libérée : je n’ai pas été eue… Si j’ose employer trois auxiliaires de suite!

1962, Benoîte Groult, Flora Groult, Journal à quatre mains [Four-Hand Diary], Éditions Denoël, page 364:

22 October 44 – Two beings who lend themselves to each other for their well-being. And Kurt did not take pride in it. I believe that it is that detail that has liberated me: I have not been had…. If I dare to use three auxiliaries in a row!

«Ça humait l’accord du participe passé avec l’auxiliaire avoir quand le complément d’objet est placé sans devant derrière.»

1987, Dominique Lemaire, Le trèfle à quat’feuilles [The Four-Leaf Clover], Éditions L’Age d’Homme, page 29:

“It smelled the agreement of the past participle with the auxiliary avoir when the object complement is placed backwards.”

Ça s'appelle le «conditionnel». Et là tu verras que certains verbes se conjuguent avec l’auxiliaire «avoir» et d'autres avec l’auxiliaire «être». Ça ne se fait pas à pouf.

2014, Bernard Marlière, “Si j’aurais resté à la RTBF [If I had stayed at RTBF]”, in Anthologie de l’humour belge : Du Prince de Ligne à Philippe Geluck [Anthology of Belgian Humour: From the Prince of Ligne to Philippe Geluck], Éditions Jourdan:

It is called the “conditional”. And there you will see that certain verbs conjugate themselves with the auxiliary “avoir” and others with the auxiliary “être”. It does not happen at random.

En espéranto, esti est le seul auxiliaire. — En latin vulgaire, habere est devenu auxiliaire ; mais, en latin classique, seul esse jouait ce rôle.

(Can we date this quote?), (Please provide the book title or journal name):

In Esperanto, esti is the only auxiliary. — In Vulgar Latin, habere has become auxiliary; but, in Classical Latin, only esse played this role.

(grammar) a helping verb, an auxiliary verb (verb that, having lost its literal meaning, joins itself to a certain form of another verb, for example to a past participle, to show a grammatical feature such as tense, voice, aspect, etc. In French, avoir and être are tense auxiliaries)


vernaculaire

Coordinate term: véhiculaire

une langue vernaculaire


parataxe

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παράταξις (parátaxis, “placement side by side”).


article indéfini

fr-noun

article indéfini m (plural articles indéfinis)


article défini

article défini m (plural articles définis)


indéfini

fr-adj

indéfini (feminine indéfinie, masculine plural indéfinis, feminine plural indéfinies)

indéfinie (feminine)
indéfinis (masculine plural)
indéfinies (feminine plural)


simultanée

simultaneous interpreting
simultaneous interpreting

simultaneous interpretation
simultaneous interpretation

(translation studies) simultaneous interpreting, simultaneous interpretation


subordonnée

les subordonnées circonstancielles


syntagme

Borrowed from Late Latin syntagma, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek σύνταγμα (súntagma, “syntactical element”).

der

Un syntagme est un ensemble de mots formant une seule unité catégorielle et fonctionnelle, constituant une unité sémantique, mais dont chaque constituant, parce que dissociable (contrairement au mot composé), conserve sa signification et sa syntaxe propres.

A syntagma is a collection of words forming a single categorical and functional unity, constituting a semantic unit, but where each element, though separable (as opposed to a compound word), keeps the meaning and its own syntax.


chengyu

zh-l

成語／成语 (chéngyǔ)


mot ad hoc

Aristote a parfaitement conscience de la nouveauté de sa démarche théologique. En fait, il a créé un mot ad hoc pour distinguer cette science de celle de ses prédécesseurs : theologikē par opposition à theologia.

2000, Jean-Marc Narbonne, Bjarne Melkevik, Une philosophie dans l’histoire : hommages à Raymond Klibansky, Presses Université Laval:


attributif

fr-adj

attributif (feminine attributive, masculine plural attributifs, feminine plural attributives)

attributive (feminine)
attributifs (masculine plural)
attributives (feminine plural)

Un complément attributif


verbe transitif

fr-noun

verbe transitif m (plural verbes transitifs)

(grammar) transitive verb (verb governing at least one complement. 1. Direct transitive verb, whose main complement is not introduced by a preposition. 2. Indirect transitive verb, whose main complement is introduced by a preposition)


verbe intransitif

verbe intransitif m (plural verbes intransitifs)

« Évoluer », « innover », « progresser » sont de bons exemples de verbes intransitifs. Dans les emplois modernes, on ne peut pas évoluer, ni innover, ni progresser quelque chose.

“Évoluer”, “innover”, “progresser” are good examples of intransitive verbs. In modern uses, one cannot évoluer, innover, nor progresser something

direct object complement
direct object complement

circumstantial complement
circumstantial complement

(grammar) intransitive verb (verb that never has a direct object complement or indirect object complement, and is only used with circumstantial complements)


rhodanien

rhodanien m (uncountable, feminine rhodanienne)

(linguistics) the Provençal dialect spoken on the banks of the Rhône


paire minimale

paire minimale f (plural paires minimales)

(phonology) minimal pair (pair of words)


flexionnel

fr-adj

flexionnel (feminine flexionnelle, masculine plural flexionnels, feminine plural flexionnelles)

flexionnelle (feminine)
flexionnels (masculine plural)
flexionnelles (feminine plural)

(linguistics) inflected (allowing inflection)


possessif

possessive adjective
possessive adjective

(grammar) possessive pronoun (broad sense); possessive pronoun (strict sense) or possessive adjective)


brittonique

(chiefly linguistics) Brittonic, Brythonic


recomposition

(linguistics) process by which a compound word which has undergone phonetic changes is reformed anew from its constituents; the result of that process


terminaison

Near-synonym: désinence


forme canonique

fr-noun

forme canonique f (plural formes canoniques)

(linguistics) dictionary form (standard or normal form of a word)


classificateur

classificateur m (plural classificateurs, feminine classificatrice)

classificateurs (plural)
classificatrice (feminine)


pronom démonstratif

pronom démonstratif m (plural pronoms démonstratifs)

demonstrative pronoun
demonstrative pronoun

(grammar) demonstrative pronoun (pronoun which replaces a noun)


agglutiner

agglutiner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
agglutinant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
agglutiné (participle past)
agglutine (first-person indicative present singular)
agglutines (indicative present second-person singular)
agglutine (indicative present singular third-person)
agglutinons (first-person indicative plural present)
agglutinez (indicative plural present second-person)
agglutinent (indicative plural present third-person)
agglutinais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
agglutinais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
agglutinait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
agglutinions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
agglutiniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
agglutinaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
agglutinai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
agglutinas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
agglutina (historic indicative past singular third-person)
agglutinâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
agglutinâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
agglutinèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
agglutinerai (first-person future indicative singular)
agglutineras (future indicative second-person singular)
agglutinera (future indicative singular third-person)
agglutinerons (first-person future indicative plural)
agglutinerez (future indicative plural second-person)
agglutineront (future indicative plural third-person)
agglutinerais (conditional first-person singular)
agglutinerais (conditional second-person singular)
agglutinerait (conditional singular third-person)
agglutinerions (conditional first-person plural)
agglutineriez (conditional plural second-person)
agglutineraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
agglutine (first-person present singular subjunctive)
agglutines (present second-person singular subjunctive)
agglutine (present singular subjunctive third-person)
agglutinions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
agglutiniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
agglutinent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
agglutinasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
agglutinasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
agglutinât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
agglutinassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
agglutinassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
agglutinassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
agglutine (imperative second-person singular)
agglutinons (first-person imperative plural)
agglutinez (imperative plural second-person)

Borrowed from Latin agglūtināre (“to glue, paste, solder or cement to something”).

bor+

(transitive, linguistics) to agglutinate


anapeste

Borrowed from Latin anapaestus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάπαιστος (anápaistos, “reversed; anapest”).


infidèle

Learned borrowing from Latin īnfidēlis. By surface analysis, in- + fidèle.

(translation studies) unfaithful, inaccurate


infidèle

belle infidèle

(translation studies) translation which takes many liberties with the source text


nasaliser

nasaliser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
nasalisant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
nasalisé (participle past)
nasalise (first-person indicative present singular)
nasalises (indicative present second-person singular)
nasalise (indicative present singular third-person)
nasalisons (first-person indicative plural present)
nasalisez (indicative plural present second-person)
nasalisent (indicative plural present third-person)
nasalisais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
nasalisais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
nasalisait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
nasalisions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
nasalisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
nasalisaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
nasalisai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
nasalisas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
nasalisa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
nasalisâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
nasalisâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
nasalisèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
nasaliserai (first-person future indicative singular)
nasaliseras (future indicative second-person singular)
nasalisera (future indicative singular third-person)
nasaliserons (first-person future indicative plural)
nasaliserez (future indicative plural second-person)
nasaliseront (future indicative plural third-person)
nasaliserais (conditional first-person singular)
nasaliserais (conditional second-person singular)
nasaliserait (conditional singular third-person)
nasaliserions (conditional first-person plural)
nasaliseriez (conditional plural second-person)
nasaliseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
nasalise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
nasalises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
nasalise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
nasalisions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
nasalisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
nasalisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
nasalisasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
nasalisasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
nasalisât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nasalisassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
nasalisassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
nasalisassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nasalise (imperative second-person singular)
nasalisons (first-person imperative plural)
nasalisez (imperative plural second-person)


jussif

fr-adjective

jussif (feminine jussive, masculine plural jussifs, feminine plural jussives)

jussive (feminine)
jussifs (masculine plural)
jussives (feminine plural)

De son étymologie même « joindre dessous », il induit quelque chose qui ressemble à un ordre. On parle alors d’un subjonctif jussif. Dans les phrases indépendantes ou principales, on rencontre souvent : qu’il vienne ! Qu’elle fasse cela avant mon retour ! On l’emploie aux personnes qui n’existent pas à l’impératif.

2017 February 6, Marie-Dominique Porée, chapter 12, in Grammaire Français Pour Nuls, page 197:

From its very etymology "join underneath", it indicates something that resembles an order. One speaks then of a jussive subjunctive. In independent or main sentences, we often find: "Let him come!", "Let her do this before I return!" We use it with persons that do not exist in the imperative.


jussif

(grammar) a jussive; the inflection of a verb expressing a command

L'hébreu et le moabite commencent la narration en employant le parfait, puis la continuent à l'imparfait avec ua- ; on emploie le jussif dans les verbes qui en ont conservé une forme distincte (v. ci-dessous § 200).

1910, Carl Brockelmann, translated by Marcel Samuel Raphaël Cohen and William Marçais, Précis de linguistique sémitique, page 150:

Hebrew & Moabite start narration with the perfect, then continue it in the imperfect with ua-; one uses the jussive with verbs that have preserved a distinct form for it (v. ci-dessous § 200).

(Arabic, grammar) a verbal mood fulfilling the role of the optative, conditional, & polite imperative


formans

Borrowed from German Formans. Doublet of formant.

(linguistic morphology) synonym of formant (“formative; language unit, typically a morph, that has a morphological function”)


assourdir

assourdir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
assourdissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
assourdi (participle past)
assourdis (first-person indicative present singular)
assourdis (indicative present second-person singular)
assourdit (indicative present singular third-person)
assourdissons (first-person indicative plural present)
assourdissez (indicative plural present second-person)
assourdissent (indicative plural present third-person)
assourdissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
assourdissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
assourdissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
assourdissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
assourdissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
assourdissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
assourdis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
assourdis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
assourdit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
assourdîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
assourdîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
assourdirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
assourdirai (first-person future indicative singular)
assourdiras (future indicative second-person singular)
assourdira (future indicative singular third-person)
assourdirons (first-person future indicative plural)
assourdirez (future indicative plural second-person)
assourdiront (future indicative plural third-person)
assourdirais (conditional first-person singular)
assourdirais (conditional second-person singular)
assourdirait (conditional singular third-person)
assourdirions (conditional first-person plural)
assourdiriez (conditional plural second-person)
assourdiraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
assourdisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
assourdisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
assourdisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
assourdissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
assourdissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
assourdissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
assourdisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
assourdisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
assourdît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
assourdissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
assourdissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
assourdissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
assourdis (imperative second-person singular)
assourdissons (first-person imperative plural)
assourdissez (imperative plural second-person)

See a- + sourd + -ir. Compare also Italian assordire.


anatolien

fr-adj

anatolien (feminine anatolienne, masculine plural anatoliens, feminine plural anatoliennes)

anatolienne (feminine)
anatoliens (masculine plural)
anatoliennes (feminine plural)


parasynthétique

From Ancient Greek παρασύνθετος (parasúnthetos) + -ique.

af

grc:παρασύνθετος


caucasien

fr-adj

caucasien (feminine caucasienne, masculine plural caucasiens, feminine plural caucasiennes)

caucasienne (feminine)
caucasiens (masculine plural)
caucasiennes (feminine plural)

(linguistics, relational) of the Caucasus; Caucasian


explicatif

explicatif (feminine explicative, masculine plural explicatifs, feminine plural explicatives)

explicative (feminine)
explicatifs (masculine plural)
explicatives (feminine plural)

Coordinate term: traductif

dictionnaire explicatif

explanatory dictionary, monolingual dictionary


agrammatical

agrammatical (feminine agrammaticale, masculine plural agrammaticaux, feminine plural agrammaticales)

agrammaticale (feminine)
agrammaticaux (masculine plural)
agrammaticales (feminine plural)


explétif

explétif (feminine explétive, masculine plural explétifs, feminine plural explétives)

explétive (feminine)
explétifs (masculine plural)
explétives (feminine plural)


onomastique

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀνομαστικός (onomastikós).


antériorité

(grammar) anteriority (precedence in time)


brabançon

Parles-tu le brabançon?


circonstanciel

fr-adj

circonstanciel (feminine circonstancielle, masculine plural circonstanciels, feminine plural circonstancielles)

circonstancielle (feminine)
circonstanciels (masculine plural)
circonstancielles (feminine plural)

From circonstance (“circumstance”) + -iel.

une proposition subordonnée circonstancielle


circonstancielle

fr-noun

circonstancielle f (plural circonstancielles)

Ellipsis of proposition subordonnée circonstancielle.


dérivation

(linguistics, linguistic morphology, grammar, lexicography) derivation


désinence

→ English: desinence

→ Romanian: desinență f

Etymology tree
Latin dēsinens
Latin -ia
Latin dēsinentiabor.
French désinence
Adapted borrowing of Latin dēsinentia f, present participle of dēsinō (“to stop, end, close, make an end”).

etymon

(linguistics) ending, desinence, inflectional suffix


factitif

fr-adj

factitif (feminine factitive, masculine plural factitifs, feminine plural factitives)

factitive (feminine)
factitifs (masculine plural)
factitives (feminine plural)

Il faut distinguer forme factitive du verbe et son sens factitif. Ainsi, un verbe comme « construire » peut être employé dans un sens factitif: Pierre construit une maison en banlieue. [Il la construit lui-même, ou il la fait construire, selon le cas].

It is necessary to distinguish between the factitive form of the verb and its factitive meaning. In this way, a verb such as “construire” can be used in a factitive sense: Pierre is building a house in the suburbs. [He builds it himself, or he has it built, depending on the case].

(grammar) causative; factitive (said of a verb where the subject is made to do the action)


factitif

Le factitif s’applique à un verbe transitif et indique que le sujet fait effectuer une action par un autre agent que lui-même.

The factitive applies itself to a transitive verb and indicates that the subject has an action performed by an agent other than itself.

(grammar) causative; factitive (verbal mode where the subject causes the action to be done)


prépositif

prépositif (feminine prépositive, masculine plural prépositifs, feminine plural prépositives)

prépositive (feminine)
prépositifs (masculine plural)
prépositives (feminine plural)


idiotisme

Déjà, madame Firmiani se métamorphose en maison. Cette maison n’est plus un amas de pierres superposées architectoniquement ; non, ce mot est, dans la langue des Flâneurs, un idiotisme intraduisible.

1831, Honoré de Balzac, Madame Firmiani, published 1855:


véhiculaire

Coordinate term: vernaculaire

une langue véhiculaire

(linguistics, of a language) vehicular (that is used between two groups who do not share a common native tongue)


inanimé

inanimé (feminine inanimée, masculine plural inanimés, feminine plural inanimées)

inanimée (feminine)
inanimés (masculine plural)
inanimées (feminine plural)


interprétariat

fr-noun

interprétariat m (countable and uncountable, plural interprétariats)

From interprète + -ariat, on the model of secrétariat (suffix -at).

(translation studies) interpreting; interpreting studies


orthoépie

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀρθοέπεια (orthoépeia).


conjonctif

fr-adj

conjonctif (feminine conjonctive, masculine plural conjonctifs, feminine plural conjonctives)

conjonctive (feminine)
conjonctifs (masculine plural)
conjonctives (feminine plural)


passiver

passiver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
passivant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
passivé (participle past)
passive (first-person indicative present singular)
passives (indicative present second-person singular)
passive (indicative present singular third-person)
passivons (first-person indicative plural present)
passivez (indicative plural present second-person)
passivent (indicative plural present third-person)
passivais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passivais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passivait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passivions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
passiviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
passivaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passivai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
passivas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
passiva (historic indicative past singular third-person)
passivâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
passivâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
passivèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
passiverai (first-person future indicative singular)
passiveras (future indicative second-person singular)
passivera (future indicative singular third-person)
passiverons (first-person future indicative plural)
passiverez (future indicative plural second-person)
passiveront (future indicative plural third-person)
passiverais (conditional first-person singular)
passiverais (conditional second-person singular)
passiverait (conditional singular third-person)
passiverions (conditional first-person plural)
passiveriez (conditional plural second-person)
passiveraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
passive (first-person present singular subjunctive)
passives (present second-person singular subjunctive)
passive (present singular subjunctive third-person)
passivions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
passiviez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
passivent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
passivasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
passivasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
passivât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
passivassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
passivassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
passivassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
passive (imperative second-person singular)
passivons (first-person imperative plural)
passivez (imperative plural second-person)


enchâssement

/ɑ̃.ʃɑs.mɑ̃/

From enchâsser (“to set; to enshrine”) + -ment.


synérèse

Borrowed from Latin synaeresis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek συναίρεσις (sunaíresis).