rural

rural (feminine rurale, masculine plural ruraux, feminine plural rurales)

rurale (feminine)
plural ruraux (masculine)
plural rurales (feminine)

Inherited from Old French rural, a borrowing from Latin rūrālis (“rural”), from rūs (“countryside”) + -ālis.


excellent

fr-adj

excellent (feminine excellente, masculine plural excellents, feminine plural excellentes)

excellente (feminine)
excellents (masculine plural)
excellentes (feminine plural)


paresseux

paresseux (feminine paresseuse, masculine plural paresseux, feminine plural paresseuses)

paresseuse (feminine)
paresseux (masculine plural)
paresseuses (feminine plural)

From paresse + -eux. Compare Spanish perezoso.


rampant

rampant (feminine rampante, masculine plural rampants, feminine plural rampantes)

rampante (feminine)
rampants (masculine plural)
rampantes (feminine plural)

(botany) extending over the ground rather than climbing upward

(military) stranded on the ground as opposed to flying staff


adverse

From Latin adversus (“against, opposite”).


tripartite

Learned borrowing from Latin tripartītus.


principal

fr-adj

principal (feminine principale, masculine plural principaux, feminine plural principales)

principale (feminine)
principaux (masculine plural)
principales (feminine plural)

l’un des principaux problèmes

les principales ethnies du pays

the principal ethnic groups of the country


prime

From the feminine of Old French prim, prin, from Latin prīmus.
Noun from English premium.

de prime abord

prime jeunesse


orthogonal

orthogonal (feminine orthogonale, masculine plural orthogonaux, feminine plural orthogonales)

orthogonale (feminine)
orthogonaux (masculine plural)
orthogonales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin orthogōnālis, from Latin orthogōnius (“right-angled”).


algal

fr-adj

algal (feminine algale, masculine plural algaux, feminine plural algales)

algale (feminine)
algaux (masculine plural)
algales (feminine plural)


atone

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄτονος (átonos).


atonal

fr-adj

atonal (feminine atonale, masculine plural atonals or atonaux, feminine plural atonales)

atonale (feminine)
atonals (masculine plural)
atonaux (masculine plural)
atonales (feminine plural)


parvenu

parvenu (feminine parvenue, masculine plural parvenus, feminine plural parvenues)

parvenue (feminine)
parvenus (masculine plural)
parvenues (feminine plural)


offshore

offshore, in the sea away from the coast


aural

aural (feminine aurale, masculine plural auraux, feminine plural aurales)

aurale (feminine)
plural auraux (masculine)
plural aurales (feminine)


ardent

ardent (feminine ardente, masculine plural ardents, feminine plural ardentes)

ardente (feminine)
ardents (masculine plural)
ardentes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French ardent, borrowed from Latin ardentem.


impertinent

impertinent (feminine impertinente, masculine plural impertinents, feminine plural impertinentes)

impertinente (feminine)
impertinents (masculine plural)
impertinentes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin impertinentem. Morphologically, from in- + pertinent.


dopant

fr-adj

dopant (feminine dopante, masculine plural dopants, feminine plural dopantes)

dopante (feminine)
dopants (masculine plural)
dopantes (feminine plural)


paro

Popularised by rapper Kery James in 2009.

Sans lui je suis un peu paro / Je déambule seule dans le métro

2013, “Dernière danse”, in Mini World, performed by Indila:

Without him I go a bit crazy / I wander on my own in the metro


triple

Semi-learned term resulting from a modification, under the influence of the Latin etymology, of Old French treble, itself from Latin triplus.

une triple croche


distal

distal (feminine distale, masculine plural distaux, feminine plural distales)

distale (feminine)
distaux (masculine plural)
distales (feminine plural)


cerise

Inherited from Old French cerise, from Vulgar Latin ceresia, from the neuter plural of Late Latin ceresium, from Latin cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin.


basal

fr-adj

basal (feminine basale, masculine plural basaux, feminine plural basales)

basale (feminine)
basaux (masculine plural)
basales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: bazal

→ Turkish: bazal


focal

focal (feminine focale, masculine plural focaux, feminine plural focales)

focale (feminine)
focaux (masculine plural)
focales (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from New Latin focālis.


labile

→ Romanian: labil

→ Swedish: labil

From Middle French labile, borrowed from Latin lābilis (“apt to slip, transient”), from lābor, lābī (“slip; glide, flow”).


mitral

fr-adj

mitral (feminine mitrale, masculine plural mitraux, feminine plural mitrales)

mitrale (feminine)
mitraux (masculine plural)
mitrales (feminine plural)


chic

→ Czech: šik

→ Dutch: chic, sjiek

→ English: chic

→ Esperanto: ŝika

→ Finnish: chic

→ German: schick

→ Greek: σικ (sik)

→ Limburgish: sjiek

→ Polish: szyk

→ Portuguese: chique

→ Romanian: șic

→ Spanish: chic

→ Turkish: şık

→ Ukrainian: шик (šyk)

Probably from German Schick (“elegant appearance; tasteful presentation”). The word is akin to Dutch schielijk (“hasty”), schikken (“to arrange”), Old English sċēon (“to happen”).


nodal

fr-adj

nodal (feminine nodale, masculine plural nodaux, feminine plural nodales)

nodale (feminine)
nodaux (masculine plural)
nodales (feminine plural)


palier

palier (feminine palière, masculine plural paliers, feminine plural palières)

palière (feminine)
paliers (masculine plural)
palières (feminine plural)


neural

neural (feminine neurale, masculine plural neuraux, feminine plural neurales)

neurale (feminine)
plural neuraux (masculine)
plural neurales (feminine)


pueblo

From Spanish pueblo. Doublet of people and peuple.

Holonym: amérindien

Meronyms: hopi, zuñi


nubile

Near-synonym: pubère


jute

(relational) Jute (of an ancient Germanic people)


précis

précis (feminine précise, masculine plural précis, feminine plural précises)

précise (feminine)
précis (masculine plural)
précises (feminine plural)

From Latin praecīsus (“cut off”), perfect passive participle of praecīdō (“shorten”), from prae (“before”) + caedō (“cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to strike”).

uder

Which does not leave doubt; specific, explicit

(Of language or writing) Demonstrating precision, concision and accuracy

Said of someone whose language expresses such qualities

(Measure) calculated or measured with precision


labial

fr-adj

labial (feminine labiale, masculine plural labiaux, feminine plural labiales)

labiale (feminine)
labiaux (masculine plural)
labiales (feminine plural)


crucial

crucial (feminine cruciale, masculine plural cruciaux, feminine plural cruciales)

cruciale (feminine)
cruciaux (masculine plural)
cruciales (feminine plural)

desctree

→ English: crucial
→ French: crucial (semantic loan)
→ Romanian: crucial
→ Italian: cruciale
→ Spanish: crucial

From a root of Latin crux (“cross”). The sense of "crucial" is a semantic loan from English crucial.


exigible

From exiger (“to demand, require”) + -ible.


mort

fr-adj

mort (feminine morte, masculine plural morts, feminine plural mortes)

morte (feminine)
morts (masculine plural)
mortes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French mort, from Vulgar Latin *mortu, from Latin mortuus.

Le roi est mort.


contingent

contingent (feminine contingente, masculine plural contingents, feminine plural contingentes)

contingente (feminine)
contingents (masculine plural)
contingentes (feminine plural)

/kɔ̃.tɛ̃.ʒɑ̃/


cavalier

cavalier (feminine cavalière, masculine plural cavaliers, feminine plural cavalières)

cavalière (feminine)
cavaliers (masculine plural)
cavalières (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Italian cavaliere, itself borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius. Doublet of chevalier, which was inherited.


convivial

convivial (feminine conviviale, masculine plural conviviaux, feminine plural conviviales)

conviviale (feminine)
conviviaux (masculine plural)
conviviales (feminine plural)

→ English: convivial

→ Romanian: convivial


corpulent

corpulent (feminine corpulente, masculine plural corpulents, feminine plural corpulentes)

corpulente (feminine)
corpulents (masculine plural)
corpulentes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French corpulent, from Old French corpulent, a borrowing from Latin corpulentus.


immoral

immoral (feminine immorale, masculine plural immoraux, feminine plural immorales)

immorale (feminine)
immoraux (masculine plural)
immorales (feminine plural)

desc

безнра́вственный

Russian: безнра́вственный (beznrávstvennyj) (calque)


insouciant

fr-adj

insouciant (feminine insouciante, masculine plural insouciants, feminine plural insouciantes)

insouciante (feminine)
insouciants (masculine plural)
insouciantes (feminine plural)


dominant

dominant (feminine dominante, masculine plural dominants, feminine plural dominantes)

dominante (feminine)
dominants (masculine plural)
dominantes (feminine plural)

→ Turkish: dominant


intact

intact (feminine intacte, masculine plural intacts, feminine plural intactes)

intacte (feminine)
intacts (masculine plural)
intactes (feminine plural)


insatiable

Inherited from Middle French insatiable, from Old French insaciable, from Latin īnsatiābilis. by surface analysis, in- + satiable.


fatal

fatal (feminine fatale, masculine plural fatals, feminine plural fatales)

fatale (feminine)
fatals (masculine plural)
fatales (feminine plural)


hostile

Inherited from Middle French hostile, hostif (this form with a change of suffix), borrowed from Latin hostilis.


munificent

munificent (feminine munificente, masculine plural munificents, feminine plural munificentes)

munificente (feminine)
munificents (masculine plural)
munificentes (feminine plural)

« Soyez comme à l’ordinaire, munificent, dit-il à Gisors : donnez-moi votre caquetusse. »

1946, André Malraux, La Condition humaine, Folio Plus Classiques, published 2019, page 191:

"Be munificent, as you usually are," he said to Gisors. "Give me your cactus."


sage

Inherited from Middle French sage, from Old French sage, from Vulgar Latin *sapium from the Classical Latin verb sapiō.

(of a person) wise: prudent, cautious, and judicious

(of a woman) Chaste, modest, irreproachable in conduct

Alors, tu vas être sage pour maman dans le magasin ?

Now, are you going to be good for mommy in the store?

(of a child) good, well-behaved, not naughty


irascible

Borrowed from Late Latin īrāscibilis, from īrāscor (“grow angry”), from īra (“anger”).


insane

Borrowed from English insane, from Latin īnsānus (“unsound in mind; mad, insane”).


grand

fr-adj

grand (feminine grande, masculine plural grands, feminine plural grandes)

grande (feminine)
grands (masculine plural)
grandes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French grand, from Old French grant, from Latin grandem.

Quand je serai grande, je veux être astronaute.

When I grow up, I want to be an astronaut.

Il l’a fait tout seul comme un grand garçon.

He did it all on his own like a big boy.

un grand homme

une grande dame

un grand écrivain

un grand compositeur

Alexandre le Grand

Pierre le Grand

un grand tricheur

Grand Londres

Grand Montréal

(of a place) greater (together with the surrounding area pertaining to it)


plausible

Learned borrowing from Latin plausibilis.

lbor

Near-synonyms: possible, probable


exact

fr-adj

exact (feminine exacte, masculine plural exacts, feminine plural exactes)

exacte (feminine)
exacts (masculine plural)
exactes (feminine plural)


intense

→ Dutch: intens
→ Indonesian: intens

Inherited from Middle French intense, from Old French intense, which was borrowed from Latin intēnsus.


migrant

migrant (feminine migrante, masculine plural migrants, feminine plural migrantes)

migrante (feminine)
migrants (masculine plural)
migrantes (feminine plural)


partisan

partisan (feminine partisane, masculine plural partisans, feminine plural partisanes)

partisane (feminine)
partisans (masculine plural)
partisanes (feminine plural)

→ English: partisan

→ Macedonian: партиза́н (partizán)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پارتیزان (partizan)

→ Romanian: partizan

desctree

→ Russian: партиза́н (partizán), партиза́нъ (partizán) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: партизан (partizan)
→ Yakut: партизан (partizan)

→ Serbo-Croatian: partìzān, партѝза̄н

→ Ukrainian: партиза́н (partyzán)


primitive

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


spatial

fr-adj

spatial (feminine spatiale, masculine plural spatiaux, feminine plural spatiales)

spatiale (feminine)
spatiaux (masculine plural)
spatiales (feminine plural)

ère spatiale

débris spatial

voyage spatial

(relational) space, outer space [from 1961]


grief

grief (feminine griève, masculine plural griefs, feminine plural grièves)

griève (feminine)
griefs (masculine plural)
grièves (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French grief, from Early Medieval Latin grevem, alteration of Latin gravem. Doublet of grave, a borrowing from Latin.


exorbitant

exorbitant (feminine exorbitante, masculine plural exorbitants, feminine plural exorbitantes)

exorbitante (feminine)
exorbitants (masculine plural)
exorbitantes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin exorbitantem, present participle of exorbitō (whence exorbiter).


strict

fr-adj

strict (feminine stricte, masculine plural stricts, feminine plural strictes)

stricte (feminine)
stricts (masculine plural)
strictes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin strictus, perfect participle of stringere (“to draw tight, bind, contract”). Doublet of étroit.


pliant

pliant (feminine pliante, masculine plural pliants, feminine plural pliantes)

pliante (feminine)
pliants (masculine plural)
pliantes (feminine plural)

vélo pliant


extravagant

extravagant (feminine extravagante, masculine plural extravagants, feminine plural extravagantes)

extravagante (feminine)
extravagants (masculine plural)
extravagantes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin extravagantem.


truculent

fr-adj

truculent (feminine truculente, masculine plural truculents, feminine plural truculentes)

truculente (feminine)
truculents (masculine plural)
truculentes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin truculentus (“fierce, savage”), from trux (“fierce, wild”).

bor+

violent or belligerent in a colorful, over-the-top or memorable fashion


vestigial

fr-adj

vestigial (feminine vestigiale, masculine plural vestigiaux, feminine plural vestigiales)

vestigiale (feminine)
vestigiaux (masculine plural)
vestigiales (feminine plural)


extra

→ Turkish: ekstra

→ Greek: έξτρα (éxtra)


hyalin

hyalin (feminine hyaline, masculine plural hyalins, feminine plural hyalines)

hyaline (feminine)
hyalins (masculine plural)
hyalines (feminine plural)


punk

punk (feminine punke, masculine plural punks, feminine plural punkes)

punke (feminine)
punks (masculine plural)
punkes (feminine plural)


idiomatique

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἰδιωματικός (idiōmatikós, “related to an idiom”), from ἰδίωμα (idíōma, “idiom”).


worth

(slang) Worth doing; worth the time, effort, etc.


vassal

fr-adj

vassal (feminine vassale, masculine plural vassaux, feminine plural vassales)

vassale (feminine)
vassaux (masculine plural)
vassales (feminine plural)

From Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).


babi

fr-adj

babi (feminine babie, masculine plural babis, feminine plural babies)

babie (feminine)
babis (masculine plural)
babies (feminine plural)


hors-d'œuvre

(architecture) stand-alone (standing apart from the main body of a building)

(literature) off-topic, digressive (not relating directly to the subject at hand)


viral

viral (feminine virale, masculine plural viraux, feminine plural virales)

virale (feminine)
viraux (masculine plural)
virales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: viral

→ Turkish: viral


minéral

minéral (feminine minérale, masculine plural minéraux, feminine plural minérales)

minérale (feminine)
minéraux (masculine plural)
minérales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: mineral

→ Turkish: mineral

Borrowed from Medieval Latin minerālis, minerāle, from Latin minera.


rigide

→ Turkish: rijit

Borrowed from Latin rigidus. Compare the inherited doublets roide and raide.


frugal

frugal (feminine frugale, masculine plural frugaux, feminine plural frugales)

frugale (feminine)
frugaux (masculine plural)
frugales (feminine plural)


babillard

babillard (feminine babillarde, masculine plural babillards, feminine plural babillardes)

babillarde (feminine)
babillards (masculine plural)
babillardes (feminine plural)


continental

continental (feminine continentale, masculine plural continentaux, feminine plural continentales)

continentale (feminine)
continentaux (masculine plural)
continentales (feminine plural)


court

court (feminine courte, masculine plural courts, feminine plural courtes)

courte (feminine)
courts (masculine plural)
courtes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French curt, from Latin curtus.

avoir le respire court et le discours égaré

les plaisanteries les plus courtes sont les meilleures


macabre

→ Portuguese: macabro

From Danse Macabre (“dance of death”), from Old French, usually said to be from Macabé (“Maccabee”), in reference to a mystery play depicting their slaughter. See Maccabee.


concordant

concordant (feminine concordante, masculine plural concordants, feminine plural concordantes)

concordante (feminine)
concordants (masculine plural)
concordantes (feminine plural)


adjuvant

adjuvant (feminine adjuvante, masculine plural adjuvants, feminine plural adjuvantes)

adjuvante (feminine)
adjuvants (masculine plural)
adjuvantes (feminine plural)


fol

Alternative form of fou (used only when the following noun starts with a vowel or mute h)


parasite

→ Romanian: parazit

→ Turkish: parazit

Borrowed from Latin parasītus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek παράσιτος (parásitos).


heptagonal

heptagonal (feminine heptagonale, masculine plural heptagonaux, feminine plural heptagonales)

heptagonale (feminine)
heptagonaux (masculine plural)
heptagonales (feminine plural)


racial

racial (feminine raciale, masculine plural raciaux, feminine plural raciales)

raciale (feminine)
raciaux (masculine plural)
raciales (feminine plural)


international

international (feminine internationale, masculine plural internationaux, feminine plural internationales)

internationale (feminine)
internationaux (masculine plural)
internationales (feminine plural)

→ Portuguese: internacional

→ Romanian: internațional

Les Nations Unies sont une organisation internationale.

The United Nations is an international organization.


italien

italien (feminine italienne, masculine plural italiens, feminine plural italiennes)

italienne (feminine)
italiens (masculine plural)
italiennes (feminine plural)


offensive

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ruminant

fr-adj

ruminant (feminine ruminante, masculine plural ruminants, feminine plural ruminantes)

ruminante (feminine)
ruminants (masculine plural)
ruminantes (feminine plural)


fragile

Borrowed from Latin fragilis. Doublet of frêle.


has-been

La coke est devenue has been.

2023, Frédéric Beigbeder, “Adieu la coke”, in Confessions d'un hétérosexuel légèrement dépassé, Paris: Albin Michel, →ISBN, page 40:


marital

marital (feminine maritale, masculine plural maritaux, feminine plural maritales)

maritale (feminine)
maritaux (masculine plural)
maritales (feminine plural)


invariant

invariant (feminine invariante, masculine plural invariants, feminine plural invariantes)

invariante (feminine)
invariants (masculine plural)
invariantes (feminine plural)


national

national (feminine nationale, masculine plural nationaux, feminine plural nationales)

nationale (feminine)
nationaux (masculine plural)
nationales (feminine plural)

From nation + -al; cf. New Latin nationalis.


diaphane

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin diaphanus (“diaphanous”), from Ancient Greek διαφανής (diaphanḗs), from δια- (dia-, “through”) and φαίνω (phaínō, “show”).

lbor

(physics or formal) diaphanous, translucent

Elle avait des mains diaphanes.

(of a person or their physical traits) delicate, fragile


colossal

fr-adj

colossal (feminine colossale, masculine plural colossaux, feminine plural colossales)

colossale (feminine)
colossaux (masculine plural)
colossales (feminine plural)

→ English: colossal

→ German: kolossal


impeccable

Borrowed from Late Latin impeccābilis, from peccāre (whence pécher).


immobile

Inherited from Old French immobile, from Latin immōbilis. Morphologically analyzable as im- + mobile. Doublet of immeuble.


opaque

→ Romanian: opac

→ Turkish: opak

Borrowed from Latin opācus (“shaded, shady, dark”), itself of unknown origin. Doublet of ubac.


masculin

fr-adj

masculin (feminine masculine, masculine plural masculins, feminine plural masculines)

masculine (feminine)
masculins (masculine plural)
masculines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French masculin, borrowed from Latin māsculīnus.


grotesque

From Middle French grotesque, from Italian grottesco (“of a cave”), from grotta.


malais

malais (feminine malaise, masculine plural malais, feminine plural malaises)

malaise (feminine)
malais (masculine plural)
malaises (feminine plural)


littoral

littoral (feminine littorale, masculine plural littoraux, feminine plural littorales)

littorale (feminine)
littoraux (masculine plural)
littorales (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin littorālis, alternative form of lītorālis, from lītus (“shore”).


poli

poli (feminine polie, masculine plural polis, feminine plural polies)

polie (feminine)
polis (masculine plural)
polies (feminine plural)


innocent

innocent (feminine innocente, masculine plural innocents, feminine plural innocentes)

innocente (feminine)
innocents (masculine plural)
innocentes (feminine plural)

From Old French inocent, borrowed from Latin innocentem (“harmless, inoffensive”, from in- (“not”) + nocēns (present participle of noceō (“to hurt”))).

af

present participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">noceō</i> (“to hurt”)

uder

innocent comme l’agneau qui vient de naître

innocent comme l’enfant qui vient de naître


mince

Derived from the verb mincer, from Old French mincier, from Vulgar Latin *minūtiāre (cf. also menuiser), from Latin minūtia.


commercial

fr-adj

commercial (feminine commerciale, masculine plural commerciaux, feminine plural commerciales)

commerciale (feminine)
commerciaux (masculine plural)
commerciales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin commerciālis, from Latin commercium. By surface analysis, commerce + -ial.


a priori

Borrowed from Medieval Latin ā priōrī (“involving reasoning from cause to effect; from first principles”, literally “from the former”).


éclair

Que je voudrais être, pour parler comme Saint-Simon, bombardé votant de Guernesey aux Quatre-Nations, le 23, crever le dôme de l’Institut et tomber au milieu de ces prunelles rondes, avec le vote-éclair : Jules Janin.

1866, Victor Hugo, Correspondance : t. 2 : 1849-1866:


adolescent

fr-adj

adolescent (feminine adolescente, masculine plural adolescents, feminine plural adolescentes)

adolescente (feminine)
adolescents (masculine plural)
adolescentes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin adolēscentem, present participle of adolēscō.

lbor

Au retour de Victoria, si belle de sa beauté de quinze ans, j’avais son âge ; je devins, quoique à peine adolescent, follement épris d’elle ; je cachai soigneusement cet amour, autant par timidité que par suite du respect que m’inspirait, malgré le fraternel attachement dont elle me donnait chaque jour des preuves, cette sérieuse jeune fille, qui rapportait du collège des druidesses je ne sais quoi d’imposant, de pensif et de mystérieux.

When Victoria returned in her dazzling beauty of fifteen years I was of the same age and although hardly of the age of puberty myself, I fell distractedly in love with her. I carefully concealed my feelings, out of friendship as well as by reason of the respect that, despite the fraternal attachment of which she every day gave me fresh proof, that serious young maid, who brought with her from the college of the female druids an indescribably imposing, pensive and mysterious appearance, inspired in me.


fondant

fr-adj

fondant (feminine fondante, masculine plural fondants, feminine plural fondantes)

fondante (feminine)
fondants (masculine plural)
fondantes (feminine plural)

(heraldry) stooping, as for prey; describes an eagle, falcon, etc. flying downward


permanent

permanent (feminine permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

permanente (feminine)
permanents (masculine plural)
permanentes (feminine plural)

From Middle French permanant, permanent, from Latin permanentem (accusative of permanēns).


mortel

mortel (feminine mortelle, masculine plural mortels, feminine plural mortelles)

mortelle (feminine)
mortels (masculine plural)
mortelles (feminine plural)

From Old French mortel, from Latin mortālis.


thermal

thermal (feminine thermale, masculine plural thermaux, feminine plural thermales)

thermale (feminine)
thermaux (masculine plural)
thermales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: termal

→ Turkish: termal


prompt

prompt (feminine prompte, masculine plural prompts, feminine plural promptes)

prompte (feminine)
prompts (masculine plural)
promptes (feminine plural)

Near-synonym: rapide

prompt rétablissement


satellite

Borrowed from Latin satellitem (accusative singular of satelles).

Le couvert végétal du basin d’approvisionnement en bois-énergie de la ville de Kinshasa a été cartographié par images satellites

2013, Jean-Noël Marien, Émilien Dubiez, Dominique Louppe, Adélaïde Larzillière, Quand la ville mange la forêt: les défis du bois-énergie en Afrique centrale, →ISBN, page 45:

(relational) satellite (man-made apparatus)


cloche

From Medieval Latin clocca, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (see also Welsh cloch, Old Irish cloc), ultimately imitative. Related to Old English clucge, Low German Klock (“bell, clock”), German Glocke, Swedish klocka.

onomatopoeic

imitative


chou

fr-adj

chou (feminine choute, masculine plural choux, feminine plural choutes)

choute (feminine)
choux (masculine plural)
choutes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French chous, from Latin caulis, itself akin to or derived from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós).


cordial

cordial (feminine cordiale, masculine plural cordiaux, feminine plural cordiales)

cordiale (feminine)
cordiaux (masculine plural)
cordiales (feminine plural)


efflorescent

efflorescent (feminine efflorescente, masculine plural efflorescents, feminine plural efflorescentes)

efflorescente (feminine)
efflorescents (masculine plural)
efflorescentes (feminine plural)


variant

variant (feminine variante, masculine plural variants, feminine plural variantes)

variante (feminine)
variants (masculine plural)
variantes (feminine plural)


au courant

La mère de Julie est décédée la semaine passée, tu étais au courant ?

Julie's mother passed away last week – were you aware?

up to date, abreast; aware, informed, in the loop


indigent

indigent (feminine indigente, masculine plural indigents, feminine plural indigentes)

indigente (feminine)
indigents (masculine plural)
indigentes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin indigentem, present participle of indigeō (“to need”), from indu (“in, within”) + egeō (“be in need, want”).


incandescent

incandescent (feminine incandescente, masculine plural incandescents, feminine plural incandescentes)

incandescente (feminine)
incandescents (masculine plural)
incandescentes (feminine plural)

From Latin incandescentem, from incandesco (“be heated, glow”), from in- (“intensifying prefix”) + candesco (“become white”), from candidus (“white”).

Lorsque cette masse incandescente sortit des entrailles de la terre, elle se trouva entourée d'eau et se refroidit rapidement. (Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, L'Archipel de Chausey, souvenirs d'un Naturaliste, Revue des Deux Mondes, tome 30, 1842)


SDP

Initialism of sans domicile proche; that is, close to homelessness


noble

→ Danish: nobel

→ German: nobel

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French noble, borrowed from Latin nōbilis according to the TLFi dictionary.

(of material) non-synthetic, natural; fine


concave

→ Turkish: konkav

Inherited from Old French concave, borrowed from Latin concavus.


social

social (feminine sociale, masculine plural sociaux, feminine plural sociales)

sociale (feminine)
sociaux (masculine plural)
sociales (feminine plural)

desctree

→ Dutch: sociaal
Afrikaans: sosiaal
→ Indonesian: sosial

→ Romanian: social

→ Turkish: sosyal

From Latin sociālis (“of or belonging to a companion, companionship or association, social”), from socius (“a companion, ally”).

der

Un devoir social.

l’homme est un animal social.

Était-ce parce que la vie sociale de Gilberte devait présenter les mêmes contrastes que celle de Swann ?


invincible

Inherited from Middle French invincible, from Latin invincibilis (“unconquerable”).


cadet

fr-adj

cadet (feminine cadette, masculine plural cadets, feminine plural cadettes)

cadette (feminine)
cadets (masculine plural)
cadettes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Occitan capdet, from Late Latin capitellum (“small head”). Doublet of chapiteau, cadeau, and caudillo.

doublet

le fils cadet


nouvelle

Jérôme a acheté sa nouvelle voiture hier.


oriental

fr-adj

oriental (feminine orientale, masculine plural orientaux, feminine plural orientales)

orientale (feminine)
orientaux (masculine plural)
orientales (feminine plural)

→ Turkish: oryantal


succinct

succinct (feminine succincte, masculine plural succincts, feminine plural succinctes)

succincte (feminine)
succincts (masculine plural)
succinctes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin succīnctus.

un repas succinct

(informal, figurative) light, scanty, frugal


moiré

moiré (feminine moirée, masculine plural moirés, feminine plural moirées)

moirée (feminine)
moirés (masculine plural)
moirées (feminine plural)

(design, textiles) moiré, watered (effect)


issue

Inherited from Middle French issue, from Old French issue (“exit”), from issu, past participle of issir, eissir.


risible

Learned borrowing from Latin rīsibilis, from rīdeō (“to laugh”).


directeur

directeur (feminine directrice, masculine plural directeurs, feminine plural directrices)

directrice (feminine)
directeurs (masculine plural)
directrices (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin dīrēctor.

lbor

idée directrice

ligne directrice

plan directeur


idempotent

fr-adj

idempotent (feminine idempotente, masculine plural idempotents, feminine plural idempotentes)

idempotente (feminine)
idempotents (masculine plural)
idempotentes (feminine plural)


dorsal

dorsal (feminine dorsale, masculine plural dorsaux, feminine plural dorsales)

dorsale (feminine)
dorsaux (masculine plural)
dorsales (feminine plural)

→ Dutch: dorsaal

Inherited from Old French, from Latin dorsum with adjective-forming suffix -al.


frontal

frontal (feminine frontale, masculine plural frontaux, feminine plural frontales)

frontale (feminine)
frontaux (masculine plural)
frontales (feminine plural)

From front + -al; see also Medieval Latin frontalis, from Latin frōns, as well as fronteau and frontail.


sombre

→ English: sombre

Inherited from Old French sombre, likely from Latin sub umbra (“in/under the shade”); compare Spanish and Portuguese sombra (“shade, shadow”). Possibly derived through a verb *sombrer, from a Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre (“to shade, enshadow”), though this does not seem necessary. Compare also Old French essombre, with a different prefix.

inh

un sombre crétin

a prize idiot, a complete idiot, an unspeakable imbecile


allotrope

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), and τρόπος (trópos, “way, manner”).


pissant

fr-adj

pissant (feminine pissante, masculine plural pissants, feminine plural pissantes)

pissante (feminine)
pissants (masculine plural)
pissantes (feminine plural)


plain

plain (feminine plaine, masculine plural plains, feminine plural plaines)

plaine (feminine)
plains (masculine plural)
plaines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French plain, from Latin plānus. Doublet of plan and piano.


submersible

Borrowed from Latin submersus (past participle of submergo) with the suffix -ible.


oblong

oblong (feminine oblongue, masculine plural oblongs, feminine plural oblongues)

oblongue (feminine)
oblongs (masculine plural)
oblongues (feminine plural)


stable

→ Turkish: stabil

Borrowed from Latin stabilis. Replaced Middle French, Old French estable, an earlier borrowing from the same Latin source.


fort

fort (feminine forte, masculine plural forts, feminine plural fortes)

forte (feminine)
forts (masculine plural)
fortes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French fort, from Latin fortem (“strong”), from Old Latin forctis, fortis.

la raison du plus fort est toujours la meilleure

Arnie est fort.

hommes forts

Je suis fort en anglais

(intransitive) (informal) skilled, proficient, successful, sometimes translated "good" (often used in reference to academic subjects) [with en]

fort d’une solide expérience


aveugle

Inherited from Middle French aveugle from Old French avogle, from Late Latin ab oculīs (“without eyes”, literally “away from the eyes”), possibly a calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ ὀμμάτων (apò ommátōn) or more likely from Gaulish exops.
The current French form is either an exception to the normal sound shift from Latin '-cl-' or a semi-learned formation; cf. the dialectal and popular aveuil (older aveule, avule); see also œil.

der

il n’est pire aveugle que celui qui ne veut pas voir

une personne aveugle

(figuratively) blind (having poor judgement; unable or unwilling to acknowledge, or to put any effort toward understanding)

amour aveugle

foi aveugle

(figuratively) blind (unguided or unchecked by objective judgement)


poseur

fr-adj

poseur (feminine poseuse, masculine plural poseurs, feminine plural poseuses)

poseuse (feminine)
poseurs (masculine plural)
poseuses (feminine plural)


nominal

nominal (feminine nominale, masculine plural nominaux, feminine plural nominales)

nominale (feminine)
nominaux (masculine plural)
nominales (feminine plural)


chiral

chiral (feminine chirale, masculine plural chiraux, feminine plural chirales)

chirale (feminine)
chiraux (masculine plural)
chirales (feminine plural)

From Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”) + -al.


diligent

fr-adj

diligent (feminine diligente, masculine plural diligents, feminine plural diligentes)

diligente (feminine)
diligents (masculine plural)
diligentes (feminine plural)

diligent (performing with intense concentration)


même

Antillean Creole: menm

Guianese Creole: menm

Haitian Creole: menm

Karipúna Creole French: mém

Louisiana Creole: même, méme, mem

Mauritian Creole: mem

Seychellois Creole: menm

Inherited from Middle French mesme, from Old French mesme, earlier medesme or medisme and meïsme, from Vulgar Latin *metipsimus, from Latin -met + ipse + -issimus. Cognates include Bourguignon moîme, Spanish mismo, Portuguese mesmo and Italian medesimo.

Je l’ai acheté le même jour

Ah, la personne même que je voulais voir!


bateau

bateau (feminine bateau, masculine plural bateaux, feminine plural bateaux)

bateau (feminine)
bateaux (masculine plural)
bateaux (feminine plural)

From Old French batel, Anglo-Norman bat, from Old English bāt (English boat) + suffix from Latin -ellus. It displaced the native word nef, which comes from Latin navis.


portable

Borrowed from Latin portābilis. By surface analysis, porter + -able.


scrotal

scrotal (feminine scrotale, masculine plural scrotaux, feminine plural scrotales)

scrotale (feminine)
scrotaux (masculine plural)
scrotales (feminine plural)

Dans la cure des hypospadias péno-scrotaux, scrotaux et périnéaux, il convient donc de recourir à d’autres opérations.

1841, Bulletin de l'Académie royale de médecine de Belgique, page 870:


vacant

vacant (feminine vacante, masculine plural vacants, feminine plural vacantes)

vacante (feminine)
vacants (masculine plural)
vacantes (feminine plural)


décolleté

décolleté (feminine décolletée, masculine plural décolletés, feminine plural décolletées)

décolletée (feminine)
décolletés (masculine plural)
décolletées (feminine plural)


passé

passé (feminine passée, masculine plural passés, feminine plural passées)

passée (feminine)
passés (masculine plural)
passées (feminine plural)

la semaine passée ; l’année passée, l’an passé ; l’hiver passé


brun

brun (feminine brune, masculine plural bruns, feminine plural brunes)

brune (feminine)
bruns (masculine plural)
brunes (feminine plural)

→ Breton: brun

Louisiana Creole: brun

→ Romanian: brun

From Middle French, from Old French brun (“polished, shiny, brown”).


mutant

fr-adj

mutant (feminine mutante, masculine plural mutants, feminine plural mutantes)

mutante (feminine)
mutants (masculine plural)
mutantes (feminine plural)


vital

vital (feminine vitale, masculine plural vitaux, feminine plural vitales)

vitale (feminine)
vitaux (masculine plural)
vitales (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French vital, from Latin vītālis (“of life, life-giving”).


intercontinental

intercontinental (feminine intercontinentale, masculine plural intercontinentaux, feminine plural intercontinentales)

intercontinentale (feminine)
intercontinentaux (masculine plural)
intercontinentales (feminine plural)


orbital

orbital (feminine orbitale, masculine plural orbitaux, feminine plural orbitales)

orbitale (feminine)
orbitaux (masculine plural)
orbitales (feminine plural)


obsolescent

obsolescent (feminine obsolescente, masculine plural obsolescents, feminine plural obsolescentes)

obsolescente (feminine)
obsolescents (masculine plural)
obsolescentes (feminine plural)


bizarre

Je me sens bizarre.

J’ai une impression bizarre de te connaître.


zonal

zonal (feminine zonale, masculine plural zonaux, feminine plural zonales)

zonale (feminine)
zonaux (masculine plural)
zonales (feminine plural)


total

total (feminine totale, masculine plural totaux, feminine plural totales)

totale (feminine)
totaux (masculine plural)
totales (feminine plural)


exempt

exempt (feminine exempte, masculine plural exempts, feminine plural exemptes)

exempte (feminine)
exempts (masculine plural)
exemptes (feminine plural)

From Latin exemptus, past participle of eximō.

un système exempt de défectuosités


iridescent

iridescent (feminine iridescente, masculine plural iridescents, feminine plural iridescentes)

iridescente (feminine)
iridescents (masculine plural)
iridescentes (feminine plural)

From Latin iris, iridis (“rainbow”) + -escent.


compact

fr-adj

compact (feminine compacte, masculine plural compacts, feminine plural compactes)

compacte (feminine)
compacts (masculine plural)
compactes (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: compact

→ Turkish: kompakt

compact (having all necessary features fitting neatly into a small space)


hebdomadaire

From Latin hebdomadārius, from Latin hebdomas (English hebdomad), from Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás, “seven, group of seven”).

uder

M. Willis est aujourd’hui le directeur de la Feuille du foyer (Home Journal), journal hebdomadaire qui se publie à New-York et qui est consacré presque exclusivement à la littérature.

1857, Phillippe Athanase Cucheval-Clarigny, Histoire de la presse en Angleterre et aux États-Unis, page 472:

Mr Willis is today the director of the Home Journal, a weekly newspaper which is published in New York and which is dedicated almost exclusively to literature.


sanguinaire

Learned borrowing from Latin sanguinārius, from sanguis (whence French sang).


éphémère

Romanian: efemer

Inherited from Old French effimere, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐφήμερος (ephḗmeros).

J’ai dans le cœur de la mélancolie,
mélancolie d’un chant familier,
familier comme la voix de ma mère,
ma mère berçant son enfant effrayé,
effrayé par les choses éphémères,
éphémères comme les instants de vie.

2020, Monik Hascoët Medjédoub, À l'ombre d'un cerisier en fleurs : Recueil de poèmes:

I have in my heart a melancholy,
melancholy of a song that's familiar,
familiar like the voice of my mother,
my mother rocking her child who's frightened,
frightened by things which are ephemeral,
ephemeral like the moments of life.

ephemeral (lasting for only a short time; transitory)

(biology) existing for only one day; ephemeral


instant

fr-adj

instant (feminine instante, masculine plural instants, feminine plural instantes)

instante (feminine)
instants (masculine plural)
instantes (feminine plural)


monotone

From Late Latin monotonus, from Ancient Greek μονότονος (monótonos).

boring due to uniformity or lack of variety; monotonous


journal

journal (feminine journale, masculine plural journaux, feminine plural journales)

journale (feminine)
journaux (masculine plural)
journales (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French journal (“daily”), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).


terrible

Mais à peine se vit-il en chemin qu’une pensée terrible l’assaillit, et telle, que peu s’en fallut qu’elle ne lui fît abandonner l’entreprise commencée.

1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche^(fr.Wikisource), translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter II:

But scarcely did he see himself on the road when a terrible thought assaulted him, and such that little was missing to make him abandon the enterprise he had started.


impudent

fr-adj

impudent (feminine impudente, masculine plural impudents, feminine plural impudentes)

impudente (feminine)
impudents (masculine plural)
impudentes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French impudent, from Latin impudentem.


virulent

virulent (feminine virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)

virulente (feminine)
virulents (masculine plural)
virulentes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English.


impotent

impotent (feminine impotente, masculine plural impotents, feminine plural impotentes)

impotente (feminine)
impotents (masculine plural)
impotentes (feminine plural)


suspect

suspect (feminine suspecte, masculine plural suspects, feminine plural suspectes)

suspecte (feminine)
suspects (masculine plural)
suspectes (feminine plural)


palatial

palatial (feminine palatiale, masculine plural palatiaux, feminine plural palatiales)

palatiale (feminine)
palatiaux (masculine plural)
palatiales (feminine plural)


univalent

univalent (feminine univalente, masculine plural univalents, feminine plural univalentes)

univalente (feminine)
univalents (masculine plural)
univalentes (feminine plural)


pertinent

pertinent (feminine pertinente, masculine plural pertinents, feminine plural pertinentes)

pertinente (feminine)
pertinents (masculine plural)
pertinentes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French pertinent (first attested circa 1300), borrowed from Latin pertinēns, pertinentem.

raisons pertinentes


trisomique

un enfant trisomique

(relational) Down syndrome, who has Down syndrome


bivalent

bivalent (feminine bivalente, masculine plural bivalents, feminine plural bivalentes)

bivalente (feminine)
bivalents (masculine plural)
bivalentes (feminine plural)


fluorescent

fluorescent (feminine fluorescente, masculine plural fluorescents, feminine plural fluorescentes)

fluorescente (feminine)
fluorescents (masculine plural)
fluorescentes (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: fluorescent

→ Turkish: floresan


gentil

gentil (feminine gentille, masculine plural gentils, feminine plural gentilles)

gentille (feminine)
gentils (masculine plural)
gentilles (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French gentil, borrowed from Latin gentīlis, from gēns (“Roman clan”).

Elle reçut une petite tape gentille sur les fesses.

She received an amiable little slap on the buttocks.

attractive, pretty; also derogative, in the sense of superficial, esp. in the arts

C’est bien gentil tout ça, mais…

well behaved, good (especially but not only about children, in the sense of good boy/girl)


covalent

covalent (feminine covalente, masculine plural covalents, feminine plural covalentes)

covalente (feminine)
covalents (masculine plural)
covalentes (feminine plural)


homophobe

Des monceaux de messages racistes, antisémites, misogynes ou homophobes s’étalent en permanence sur les réseaux sociaux, générés par des individus, mais aussi par des automates, soufflant sur les braises et semant le désordre à grande échelle.

2020 June 19, “Stopper la haine sur Internet”, in Le Monde:

Heaps of racist, antisemitic, misogynist, or homophobic messages are constantly spreading on social networks, generated by individuals, but also by bots, blowing on embers and sowing disorder on a grand scale.


caille

Inherited from Middle French [Term?], from Old French quaille.

1881, "Le boute-selle" in French Nursery Rhymes, Librarie Hachette & cie, page 25

To Versailles, to Versailles, / On the tail of a big spotted cow.

A Versailles, à Versailles, / Sur la queue d’un’ grand’ vach’ caille.


louche

→ Dutch: louche

→ English: louche

From Old French lousche, from Latin lusca, feminine of luscus (“one-eyed”) ( > Old French lois). Compare Italian losco and Portuguese lusco.

(figuratively) shady; dubious; seedy; shifty


lai

lai (feminine laie, masculine plural lais, feminine plural laies)

laie (feminine)
lais (masculine plural)
laies (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French lai, from Latin lāicus. Doublet of laïque.

Still used in the terms frère lai, sœur laie, which see.


soluble

From Late Latin solubilis, from Latin solvere.

soluble dans l’eau


nuageux

nuageux (feminine nuageuse, masculine plural nuageux, feminine plural nuageuses)

nuageuse (feminine)
nuageux (masculine plural)
nuageuses (feminine plural)


inutile

Learned borrowing from Latin inūtilis (“useless”).


facial

fr-adj

facial (feminine faciale, masculine plural faciaux, feminine plural faciales)

faciale (feminine)
faciaux (masculine plural)
faciales (feminine plural)


mature

Inherited from Middle French mature, borrowed from Latin mātūrus. Doublet of mûr.


fashionable

La comtesse de Lieven avait eu des histoires assez ridicules avec madame d’Osmond et George IV. Comme elle était hardie et passait pour être bien en cour, elle était devenue extrêmement fashionable.

1849, François-René de Chateaubriand, Mémoires d’outre-tombe [Memoirs from Beyond the Grave], Livre IX, published 1910:


brutal

brutal (feminine brutale, masculine plural brutaux, feminine plural brutales)

brutale (feminine)
brutaux (masculine plural)
brutales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin brūtālis (“savage, stupid”), from brūtus (“dull, stupid”). See brut and -al.


tropical

fr-adj

tropical (feminine tropicale, masculine plural tropicaux, feminine plural tropicales)

tropicale (feminine)
tropicaux (masculine plural)
tropicales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: tropical

→ Turkish: tropikal

forêt tropicale


purulent

purulent (feminine purulente, masculine plural purulents, feminine plural purulentes)

purulente (feminine)
purulents (masculine plural)
purulentes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin pūrulentus.


matériel

matériel (feminine matérielle, masculine plural matériels, feminine plural matérielles)

matérielle (feminine)
matériels (masculine plural)
matérielles (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French materiel, from Late Latin māteriālis (“material, made of matter”), from Latin māteria (“wood, material, substance”) from māter (“mother”).


impair

fr-adj

impair (feminine impaire, masculine plural impairs, feminine plural impaires)

impaire (feminine)
impairs (masculine plural)
impaires (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin impār. By surface analysis, im- + pair.

3 est un nombre impair.


sur

sur (feminine sure, masculine plural surs, feminine plural sures)

sure (feminine)
surs (masculine plural)
sures (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur (“sour, bitter”), from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”). More at English sour.


buccal

buccal (feminine buccale, masculine plural buccaux, feminine plural buccales)

buccale (feminine)
buccaux (masculine plural)
buccales (feminine plural)

Learned word formed from the root of Latin bucca (whence French bouche) with the suffix -al.

buccal (of, relating to, or lying in the mouth)


pris

pris (feminine prise, masculine plural pris, feminine plural prises)

prise (feminine)
pris (masculine plural)
prises (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French pris, from Latin prēnsus, variant of prehensus.


non-verbal

non-verbal (feminine non-verbale, masculine plural non-verbaux, feminine plural non-verbales)

non-verbale (feminine)
non-verbaux (masculine plural)
non-verbales (feminine plural)

non-verbal (in a form other than written or spoken words, such as gestures, facial expressions or body language)


initial

initial (feminine initiale, masculine plural initiaux, feminine plural initiales)

initiale (feminine)
initiaux (masculine plural)
initiales (feminine plural)

From Latin initiālis, from initium (“beginning”).


claustrophobe

From Latin claustrum (“a shut in place”) + -phobe.


ottoman

ottoman (feminine ottomane, masculine plural ottomans, feminine plural ottomanes)

ottomane (feminine)
ottomans (masculine plural)
ottomanes (feminine plural)


sagittal

sagittal (feminine sagittale, masculine plural sagittaux, feminine plural sagittales)

sagittale (feminine)
sagittaux (masculine plural)
sagittales (feminine plural)


horrible

Inherited from Old French horrible, orrible, orible, borrowed from Latin horribilis.


orthonormal

orthonormal (feminine orthonormale, masculine plural orthonormaux, feminine plural orthonormales)

orthonormale (feminine)
orthonormaux (masculine plural)
orthonormales (feminine plural)


scriptural

scriptural (feminine scripturale, masculine plural scripturaux, feminine plural scripturales)

scripturale (feminine)
scripturaux (masculine plural)
scripturales (feminine plural)

(relational) writing; having to do with writing or written words.


ventral

ventral (feminine ventrale, masculine plural ventraux, feminine plural ventrales)

ventrale (feminine)
ventraux (masculine plural)
ventrales (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin ventrālis. By surface analysis, ventre + -al.


intermittent

intermittent (feminine intermittente, masculine plural intermittents, feminine plural intermittentes)

intermittente (feminine)
intermittents (masculine plural)
intermittentes (feminine plural)


foutu

foutu (feminine foutue, masculine plural foutus, feminine plural foutues)

foutue (feminine)
foutus (masculine plural)
foutues (feminine plural)

T’es foutu !

(colloquial) done for, screwed, fucked, doomed

Mon ordi est foutu, je dois en acheter un nouveau mais je n’ai plus un rond.

My computer's fucked or knackered (UK); I need to buy a new one but I'm broke.

(colloquial) broken beyond repair, destroyed

Enlève cette foutue voiture du chemin !

(slang, derogatory, always before the noun) fucking (as an intensifier), pesky, damned, bloody

Il est foutu de tout casser.

Ils n’ont même pas été foutus de ranger la cuisine.

They didn't even bother to clean the kitchen.

(slang, derogatory, followed by de + infinitive) liable to, capable of

Ce truc est trop mal foutu, ya rien qui fonctionne.

This thing's so badly made; nothing works.

(slang, of a thing) (poorly/badly) made, built, executed, devised

Elle est bien foutue.


stimulant

stimulant (feminine stimulante, masculine plural stimulants, feminine plural stimulantes)

stimulante (feminine)
stimulants (masculine plural)
stimulantes (feminine plural)


occupant

occupant (feminine occupante, masculine plural occupants, feminine plural occupantes)

occupante (feminine)
occupants (masculine plural)
occupantes (feminine plural)


trop de

On est passé beaucoup trop de temps en compagnie de menteurs.

Too much time is spent in the company of liars.

(with singulars and uncountable nouns) too much

Il a lis trop d’histoires effrayantes et ne sait plus s’endormir.

He read too many scary stories and can't sleep any more.

excessive, (an excess of)
(with countable nouns) too many

Il y en a trop.

There is too much of it — or — There are too many of them.


de trop

→ English: de trop

Vous m’avez rendu dix centimes de trop.

la fois de trop

le mot de trop

ne pas être de trop

too many, too much, more than is desirable, in excess

Je me suis senti de trop pendant cette soirée.

I felt like I was unwanted during that evening.


incorrect

incorrect (feminine incorrecte, masculine plural incorrects, feminine plural incorrectes)

incorrecte (feminine)
incorrects (masculine plural)
incorrectes (feminine plural)

Near-synonym: abusif

une prononciation incorrecte

un terme incorrect

(of the execution of labor: a job, work of art, production, etc.) poorly made; made clumsily or carelessly; defective; shoddy, sloppy

work of art; production; work of art; production

incorrect (socially unacceptable); rude, impolite


connu

connu (feminine connue, masculine plural connus, feminine plural connues)

connue (feminine)
connus (masculine plural)
connues (feminine plural)


meilleur

meilleur (feminine meilleure, masculine plural meilleurs, feminine plural meilleures)

meilleure (feminine)
meilleurs (masculine plural)
meilleures (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French meilleur, from Old French meillor, from Latin meliōrem, from Proto-Indo-European *mélyōs, from *mel- (“strong, big”).

J’aime la pizza, mais les raviolis sont meilleurs.

C’est une meilleure chanteuse que moi.

(when preceded by definite article, le meilleur) superlative degree of bon ("best")

(when preceded by definite article, le meilleur) superlative degree of bien ("best")


canadien

canadien (feminine canadienne, masculine plural canadiens, feminine plural canadiennes)

canadienne (feminine)
canadiens (masculine plural)
canadiennes (feminine plural)


concurrent

concurrent (feminine concurrente, masculine plural concurrents, feminine plural concurrentes)

concurrente (feminine)
concurrents (masculine plural)
concurrentes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin concurrentem, present active participle of concurrō (“happen at the same time”), from con- (“with”) + currō (“run”).


partial

partial (feminine partiale, masculine plural partiaux, feminine plural partiales)

partiale (feminine)
partiaux (masculine plural)
partiales (feminine plural)

From Middle French partial, borrowed from Late Latin partiālis (“relating to a part”), from Latin pars (“part”).
Doublet of partiel.


opulent

fr-adj

opulent (feminine opulente, masculine plural opulents, feminine plural opulentes)

opulente (feminine)
opulents (masculine plural)
opulentes (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: opulent


omniscient

omniscient (feminine omnisciente, masculine plural omniscients, feminine plural omniscientes)

omnisciente (feminine)
omniscients (masculine plural)
omniscientes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin omniscientem (“all-knowing”), from Latin omnis (“all”) + sciēns (“knowing”).


ultraviolet

fr-adj

ultraviolet (feminine ultraviolette, masculine plural ultraviolets, feminine plural ultraviolettes)

ultraviolette (feminine)
ultraviolets (masculine plural)
ultraviolettes (feminine plural)


belle

English: belle

English: Belle


arable

Inherited from Middle French arable, from Old French arable, from Latin arābilis.


optimal

optimal (feminine optimale, masculine plural optimaux, feminine plural optimales)

optimale (feminine)
optimaux (masculine plural)
optimales (feminine plural)

From the Latin optimum suffixed with -al.


omnipotent

omnipotent (feminine omnipotente, masculine plural omnipotents, feminine plural omnipotentes)

omnipotente (feminine)
omnipotents (masculine plural)
omnipotentes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French omnipotent, from.
From Latin omnipotentem (“almighty”).


gauche

From gauchir (“bend, dodge, warp”), a conflation of Old French gauchier (“tread”) (from Frankish *walkijan, *walkan, cognate with English walk) + Old French guenchir (“deviate”) (from Frankish *wenkijan (“to sway, falter”)). Gauche replaced the original word for "left", senestre, in the sixteenth century. Compare Walloon gåtche.


assassin

assassin (feminine assassine, masculine plural assassins, feminine plural assassines)

assassine (feminine)
assassins (masculine plural)
assassines (feminine plural)

From either Arabic حَشَّاشِين (ḥaššāšīn, “hashish users”) or أَسَاسِيُّون (ʔasāsiyyūn).


perdu

fr-adj

perdu (feminine perdue, masculine plural perdus, feminine plural perdues)

perdue (feminine)
perdus (masculine plural)
perdues (feminine plural)


nul

nul (feminine nulle, masculine plural nuls, feminine plural nulles)

nulle (feminine)
nuls (masculine plural)
nulles (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French nul, from Old French nul, from Latin nūllus.


ferme

Inherited from Middle French ferme, from Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”), from Proto-Italic *fermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”).


jolie laide

Literally, “pretty [and] ugly”, or more loosely translated as “with unusual, flawed or quirky good looks”.


excité

fr-adj

excité (feminine excitée, masculine plural excités, feminine plural excitées)

excitée (feminine)
excités (masculine plural)
excitées (feminine plural)

Louisiana Creole: éksité


oublié

oublié (feminine oubliée, masculine plural oubliés, feminine plural oubliées)

oubliée (feminine)
oubliés (masculine plural)
oubliées (feminine plural)


impromptu

impromptu (feminine impromptue, masculine plural impromptus, feminine plural impromptues)

impromptue (feminine)
impromptus (masculine plural)
impromptues (feminine plural)

Univerbation of the Latin adverbial locution in prōmptū (“ready, at hand”).

une visite impromptue.


plein

plein (feminine pleine, masculine plural pleins, feminine plural pleines)

pleine (feminine)
pleins (masculine plural)
pleines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French plein, from Latin plēnus, from Proto-Italic *plēnos, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”). Compare Catalan ple; Italian pieno; Portuguese cheio; Romanian plin; Sardinian prenu; Spanish lleno; English plene.

La voiture est pleine.

C’est plein de légendes.

Il y a plein de choses à faire.

en plein match

en plein concert

en plein essor

en pleine attaque


fada

fada (feminine fadade, masculine plural fadas, feminine plural fadades)

fadade (feminine)
fadas (masculine plural)
fadades (feminine plural)


crevé

crevé (feminine crevée, masculine plural crevés, feminine plural crevées)

crevée (feminine)
crevés (masculine plural)
crevées (feminine plural)

un pneu crevé


jeune

Louisiana Creole: jènn

Inherited from Middle French jeune, from Old French juene, juefne, from Vulgar Latin *iŏvenem, from Latin iuvenem.

Il n’aime plus cette personne qu’il aimait il y a dix ans. Je crois bien : elle n’est plus la même ni lui non plus. Il était jeune et elle aussi ; elle est tout autre. Il l’aimerait peut-être encore telle qu’elle était alors.

He no longer loves this person whom loved ten years ago. I quite believe it. She is no longer the same, nor is he. He was young and she also ; she is quite different. He would perhaps love her yet, if she were what she was then.

un jeune marié

un jeune conducteur

who has recently acquired a new status, who has newly become something (without being necessarily young in absolute terms)


commis

commis (feminine commise, masculine plural commis, feminine plural commises)

commise (feminine)
commis (masculine plural)
commises (feminine plural)


immanent

immanent (feminine immanente, masculine plural immanents, feminine plural immanentes)

immanente (feminine)
immanents (masculine plural)
immanentes (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin immanēns.

lbor

Coordinate term: transcendant


sûr

fr-adj

sûr (feminine sûre or sure, masculine plural sûrs or surs, feminine plural sûres or sures)

sûre (feminine)
sure (feminine)
sûrs (masculine plural)
surs (masculine plural)
sûres (feminine plural)
sures (feminine plural)

Seychellois Creole: sir

Inherited from Middle French sceur, from Old French seür, inherited from Latin sēcūrus.


trivial

trivial (feminine triviale, masculine plural triviaux, feminine plural triviales)

triviale (feminine)
triviaux (masculine plural)
triviales (feminine plural)

inelegant, unrefined (especially of a person's language)

crass, crude, vulgar, obscene (words, language, behavior, etc.)


vigilant

vigilant (feminine vigilante, masculine plural vigilants, feminine plural vigilantes)

vigilante (feminine)
vigilants (masculine plural)
vigilantes (feminine plural)


flippant

flippant (feminine flippante, masculine plural flippants, feminine plural flippantes)

flippante (feminine)
flippants (masculine plural)
flippantes (feminine plural)


bas

bas (feminine basse, masculine plural bas, feminine plural basses)

basse (feminine)
bas (masculine plural)
basses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French bas, from Late Latin bassus.


dur de la feuille

dur de la feuille (feminine dure de la feuille, masculine plural durs de la feuille, feminine plural dures de la feuille)

dure de la feuille (feminine)
durs de la feuille (masculine plural)
dures de la feuille (feminine plural)

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-dur de la feuille.wav


saoul

saoul (feminine saoule, masculine plural saouls, feminine plural saoules)

saoule (feminine)
saouls (masculine plural)
saoules (feminine plural)

Louisiana Creole: sou

Inherited from Old French saül, saol, inherited from Latin satullus, diminutive of satur (“full”).

À colombe saoule les cerises sont amères.

To a drunk dove, even cherries are bitter.


piquant

piquant (feminine piquante, masculine plural piquants, feminine plural piquantes)

piquante (feminine)
piquants (masculine plural)
piquantes (feminine plural)

froid piquant

vent piquant


personnel

personnel (feminine personnelle, masculine plural personnels, feminine plural personnelles)

personnelle (feminine)
personnels (masculine plural)
personnelles (feminine plural)


suave

Inherited from Middle French suave, borrowed from Latin suāvis (“sweet, pleasant”), replacing the inherited form souef (in use until the 17th century), from Old French soef, suef (“sweet, mild, agreeable, tranquil, peaceful”), descendants of which live on in other Oïl languages.

(especially of persons and their speech) smooth and graceful, polite, polished, suave


imminent

imminent (feminine imminente, masculine plural imminents, feminine plural imminentes)

imminente (feminine)
imminents (masculine plural)
imminentes (feminine plural)


doctoral

doctoral (feminine doctorale, masculine plural doctoraux, feminine plural doctorales)

doctorale (feminine)
doctoraux (masculine plural)
doctorales (feminine plural)

From docteur + -al. Docteur reverts back to its Latin root doctor.


fratricide

Learned borrowing from Latin frātricīda.


nocturne

→ Romanian: nocturn

1857, Charles Baudelaire, Je t'adore from Les Fleurs du mal
Je t’adore à l’égal de la voûte nocturne,
Ô vase de tristesse, ô grande taciturne
I love you as I love the night sky,


scintillant

scintillant (feminine scintillante, masculine plural scintillants, feminine plural scintillantes)

scintillante (feminine)
scintillants (masculine plural)
scintillantes (feminine plural)


vaccinal

vaccinal (feminine vaccinale, masculine plural vaccinaux, feminine plural vaccinales)

vaccinale (feminine)
vaccinaux (masculine plural)
vaccinales (feminine plural)


synonyme

From syn- + -onyme, from Late Latin synonymon, from Latin synōnymum, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), neuter singular form of συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”), composed by σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


dialectal

dialectal (feminine dialectale, masculine plural dialectaux, feminine plural dialectales)

dialectale (feminine)
dialectaux (masculine plural)
dialectales (feminine plural)

Le lituanien comporte deux grands groupes dialectaux.
Lithuanian consists of two large dialectal groups.


municipal

municipal (feminine municipale, masculine plural municipaux, feminine plural municipales)

municipale (feminine)
municipaux (masculine plural)
municipales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin mūnicipālis (“of or belonging to a citizen or a free town”), from mūniceps (“a citizen, an inhabitant of a free town”), from mūnus (“duty”) + capiō (“to take”).


fauché

Je suis fauché.

(slang) skint, broke or otherwise lacking money


colonial

fr-adj

colonial (feminine coloniale, masculine plural coloniaux, feminine plural coloniales)

coloniale (feminine)
coloniaux (masculine plural)
coloniales (feminine plural)

→ German: kolonial

→ Romanian: colonial

→ Turkish: kolonial, kolonyal


latent

latent (feminine latente, masculine plural latents, feminine plural latentes)

latente (feminine)
latents (masculine plural)
latentes (feminine plural)

From Latin latentem, present participle of lateo (“lie hidden”).


cadastral

cadastral (feminine cadastrale, masculine plural cadastraux, feminine plural cadastrales)

cadastrale (feminine)
cadastraux (masculine plural)
cadastrales (feminine plural)


gourmand

gourmand (feminine gourmande, masculine plural gourmands, feminine plural gourmandes)

gourmande (feminine)
gourmands (masculine plural)
gourmandes (feminine plural)

From Middle French gourmant (“glutton”), originally an adjectival form, from Old French, where it had the sense of trencherman, but of uncertain ultimate origin.

(more recently) having a love for good food, demanding of food quality


sympa

C’est sympa d’avoir pensé à moi.


douteux

douteux (feminine douteuse, masculine plural douteux, feminine plural douteuses)

douteuse (feminine)
douteux (masculine plural)
douteuses (feminine plural)

doubtful, uncertain, questionable (issue, outcome, date etc.)

dubious, questionable (morals, qualities etc.)

Son complet sombre était élimé, sa chemise douteuse, la cravate mal nouée.

His dark suit was threadbare, his shirt rather unclean, his tie poorly tied.


pétillant

pétillant (feminine pétillante, masculine plural pétillants, feminine plural pétillantes)

pétillante (feminine)
pétillants (masculine plural)
pétillantes (feminine plural)


étonnant

étonnant (feminine étonnante, masculine plural étonnants, feminine plural étonnantes)

étonnante (feminine)
étonnants (masculine plural)
étonnantes (feminine plural)

Dès qu’ils aperçoivent un caret ou une tortue franche, ils tachent de les avoir à portée et dans le moment favorable ils lancent avec une adresse étonnante un des harpons en visant sur la tête ou la queue pour ne pas dommager les plaques latérales; qui dans les carets font la valeur de l’animal.

1874, François P. L. Pollen, D. C. van Dam, Recherches sur la Faune de Madagascar et de ses dépendances, page 30:

As soon as they spot a loggerhead turtle or a green sea turtle, they try to get it within range, and when the time is right they launch with astonishing dexterity one of the harpoons, aiming for the head or the tail so as not to damage the side plates, which in turtles the value of the animal is found.


disparate

Borrowed from Latin disparātus, past participle of disparō (“to divide”), from dis- (“apart”) + parō (“to make equal”), from par (“equal”).


tribal

tribal (feminine tribale, masculine plural tribals or tribaux, feminine plural tribales)

tribale (feminine)
tribals (masculine plural)
tribaux (masculine plural)
tribales (feminine plural)

From tribu + -al, possibly influenced by English tribal.


merdeux

merdeux (feminine merdeuse, masculine plural merdeux, feminine plural merdeuses)

merdeuse (feminine)
merdeux (masculine plural)
merdeuses (feminine plural)

(slang, literally and figuratively, vulgar) shitty; crap; shit


audio

La baladodiffusion est ainsi utilisée comme outil à potentiel cognitif, parce qu’elle permet, relativement facilement, de diffuser un contenu audio ou vidéo qui peut, par la suite, être écouté ou vu à tout moment par l’apprenant.

2011, Christian Depover, Thierry Karsenti, Enseigner avec les technologies: Favoriser les apprentissages, développer des compétences, PUQ, →ISBN:

Therefore, podcasting is used as a tool for cognitive potential, because it allows for the relatively easy distribution of audio or video content, which, as a result, can be listened to or watched at any moment by the learner.


amoureux

amoureux (feminine amoureuse, masculine plural amoureux, feminine plural amoureuses)

amoureuse (feminine)
amoureux (masculine plural)
amoureuses (feminine plural)

→ German: amourös

Inherited from Middle French amoureux, from Old French amoreus, amereus, from Vulgar Latin *amōrōsus, derived from Latin amōrem (“love”, noun). Compare English amorous, borrowed from Middle French. Doublet of amoroso, borrowed from Italian.

Je suis amoureux de toi


formidable

Borrowed from Latin formīdābilis (“formidable, terrible”), from formīdō (“fear, dread”).


puissant

fr-adj

puissant (feminine puissante, masculine plural puissants, feminine plural puissantes)

puissante (feminine)
puissants (masculine plural)
puissantes (feminine plural)

Old present participle of the verb pouvoir (formed with the stem puis-; compare the modern form pouvant), from Old French puissant, pussant.


artisanal

artisanal (feminine artisanale, masculine plural artisanaux, feminine plural artisanales)

artisanale (feminine)
artisanaux (masculine plural)
artisanales (feminine plural)

Leur logiciel de gestion de la clientèle, fait par un stagiaire, est très artisanal et sujet aux plantages.
Their customer management software – developed by a trainee – is very makeshift and crash-prone.


marron

→ Asturian: marrón

→ Catalan: marró

→ Galician: marrón

Louisiana Creole: maron

→ Portuguese: marrom

→ Romanian: maro

→ Spanish: marrón

→ Turkish: maron

Etymology tree
Byzantine Greek μάραον (máraon)bor.
Italian marronebor.
French marron
Borrowed from Italian marrone.


marron

fr-adj

marron (feminine marronne, masculine plural marrons, feminine plural marronnes)

marronne (feminine)
marrons (masculine plural)
marronnes (feminine plural)

From a West Indies creole, from Spanish cimarrón; see that entry for more.

cochon marron

(Antilles, Réunion) feral, maroon (that has become wild again (used of a slave or animal who has returned to a free or wild state))

tabac marron

(Antilles, Réunion) wild (to qualify a wild alternative for a cultivated plant or domestic animal)

magie marronne

(Réunion) illicit, crooked (of professions)


effervescent

effervescent (feminine effervescente, masculine plural effervescents, feminine plural effervescentes)

effervescente (feminine)
effervescents (masculine plural)
effervescentes (feminine plural)


carré

carré (feminine carrée, masculine plural carrés, feminine plural carrées)

carrée (feminine)
carrés (masculine plural)
carrées (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French quarré, from Old French quarré, from Latin quadrātus. Compare the borrowed doublet cadrat.


matutinal

matutinal (feminine matutinale, masculine plural matutinaux, feminine plural matutinales)

matutinale (feminine)
matutinaux (masculine plural)
matutinales (feminine plural)

From Middle French matutinal, from its etymon Late Latin mātūtīnālis (“(adjective) belonging to the morning; of or pertaining to matins; (noun) morning hymn or psalm; book of lauds”), from Latin mātūtīnus (“of, occurring in, or pertaining to the early morning, matutine”) (from Mātūta (“Roman goddess of the dawn or morning”) (from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (“to mature, ripen; opportune, timely; good, great”)) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship).


imparfait

fr-adj

imparfait (feminine imparfaite, masculine plural imparfaits, feminine plural imparfaites)

imparfaite (feminine)
imparfaits (masculine plural)
imparfaites (feminine plural)


estival

estival (feminine estivale, masculine plural estivaux, feminine plural estivales)

estivale (feminine)
estivaux (masculine plural)
estivales (feminine plural)

First attested in 1119. From Old French estival, from Latin aestivālis, from aestas (“summer”) (whence French été).


astringent

astringent (feminine astringente, masculine plural astringents, feminine plural astringentes)

astringente (feminine)
astringents (masculine plural)
astringentes (feminine plural)


flamboyant

flamboyant (feminine flamboyante, masculine plural flamboyants, feminine plural flamboyantes)

flamboyante (feminine)
flamboyants (masculine plural)
flamboyantes (feminine plural)

→ Danish: flamboyant

→ English: flamboyant

→ German: flamboyant

→ Romanian: flamboiant


zombi

zombi (feminine zombie, masculine plural zombis, feminine plural zombies)

zombie (feminine)
zombis (masculine plural)
zombies (feminine plural)

Attested 1832, but the 1765 Encyclopédie (t. 11, p. 82a, s.v. nègre) already has zambys «dieux esprits des tribus africaines».
Borrowed from Haitian Creole zonbi, from a Bantu language.


LGBT

LGBT; initialism of lesbiennes, gays, bisexuels, transgenres.


indépendant

indépendant (feminine indépendante, masculine plural indépendants, feminine plural indépendantes)

indépendante (feminine)
indépendants (masculine plural)
indépendantes (feminine plural)


différent

différent (feminine différente, masculine plural différents, feminine plural différentes)

différente (feminine)
différents (masculine plural)
différentes (feminine plural)


incomplet

incomplet (feminine incomplète, masculine plural incomplets, feminine plural incomplètes)

incomplète (feminine)
incomplets (masculine plural)
incomplètes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin incomplētus, from Latin complētus.


minimal

minimal (feminine minimale, masculine plural minimaux, feminine plural minimales)

minimale (feminine)
minimaux (masculine plural)
minimales (feminine plural)


parental

parental (feminine parentale, masculine plural parentaux, feminine plural parentales)

parentale (feminine)
parentaux (masculine plural)
parentales (feminine plural)


utile

Inherited from Middle French utile, borrowed from Latin ūtilis.


angliche

Deliberately humorous spelling of English English.

(colloquial, derogatory) pom, limey, English


brigand

brigand (feminine brigande, masculine plural brigands, feminine plural brigandes)

brigande (feminine)
brigands (masculine plural)
brigandes (feminine plural)


crâne

→ Dutch: kraan (“strong man”)


bourré

bourré (feminine bourrée, masculine plural bourrés, feminine plural bourrées)

bourrée (feminine)
bourrés (masculine plural)
bourrées (feminine plural)


ourdou

ourdou (feminine ourdoue, masculine plural ourdous, feminine plural ourdoues)

ourdoue (feminine)
ourdous (masculine plural)
ourdoues (feminine plural)


gracieux

gracieux (feminine gracieuse, masculine plural gracieux, feminine plural gracieuses)

gracieuse (feminine)
gracieux (masculine plural)
gracieuses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French gracieus, borrowed from Latin gratiōsus.

à titre gracieux


exfoliant

exfoliant (feminine exfoliante, masculine plural exfoliants, feminine plural exfoliantes)

exfoliante (feminine)
exfoliants (masculine plural)
exfoliantes (feminine plural)

exfoliating; that causes exfoliation of the skin


marginal

marginal (feminine marginale, masculine plural marginaux, feminine plural marginales)

marginale (feminine)
marginaux (masculine plural)
marginales (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin marginālis, from Latin margō (whence marge).

lbor

marginal (written in the margin of a book)

coût marginal


urgent

fr-adj

urgent (feminine urgente, masculine plural urgents, feminine plural urgentes)

urgente (feminine)
urgents (masculine plural)
urgentes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin urgentem, present participle of urgeō.


plusieurs

Haitian Creole: plizyè

Inherited from Old French plusors, from Vulgar Latin *plūsiōres, alteration of Late Latin plūriōres (by influence from plūs), from Latin plūres. Alternatively can be thought up as Proto-Italic plēōsjōs (comparative of *plēōs) with the S restored.

’Y a plusieurs dieux, mais ’y a qu’un seul soleil.

1991, “Qui a le droit...”, Patrick Bruel, Gérard Presgurvic (lyrics), Patrick Bruel (music):

There's many gods, but there's only one Sun.


provincial

provincial (feminine provinciale, masculine plural provinciaux, feminine plural provinciales)

provinciale (feminine)
provinciaux (masculine plural)
provinciales (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin provinciālis. By surface analysis, province + -ial. Compare provençal.


petit

fr-adj

petit (feminine petite, masculine plural petits, feminine plural petites, comparative moindre, superlative le moindre)

petite (feminine)
petits (masculine plural)
petites (feminine plural)
moindre (comparative)
le moindre (superlative)

Inherited from Old French petit, from Vulgar Latin pittitus (775; compare Latin pitinnus, pitulus). Compare Spanish pequeño.

un petit verre de vin

un petit garçon

Certaines personnes sont vraiment petites à propos des plus petites choses.

Some people are really petty about the smallest things.


experimental

experimental (feminine experimentale, masculine plural experimentaux, feminine plural experimentales)

experimentale (feminine)
experimentaux (masculine plural)
experimentales (feminine plural)


espèce de

Espèce d’idiot!

(derogatory, used before an insult directed at one person) you


mural

mural (feminine murale, masculine plural muraux, feminine plural murales)

murale (feminine)
plural muraux (masculine)
plural murales (feminine)

Inherited from Old French mural, borrowed from Latin murālis.


malcontent

malcontent (feminine malcontente, masculine plural malcontents, feminine plural malcontentes)

malcontente (feminine)
malcontents (masculine plural)
malcontentes (feminine plural)

→ German: malkontent

→ Polish: malkontent

Inherited from Middle French malcontent.


corné

corné (feminine cornée, masculine plural cornés, feminine plural cornées)

cornée (feminine)
cornés (masculine plural)
cornées (feminine plural)


efficient

efficient (feminine efficiente, masculine plural efficients, feminine plural efficientes)

efficiente (feminine)
efficients (masculine plural)
efficientes (feminine plural)


moult

moult (feminine moulte, masculine plural moults, feminine plural moultes)

moulte (feminine)
moults (masculine plural)
moultes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French moult, from Old French mut (with a silent ⟨l⟩ inserted per the Latin etymon), from earlier Old French mult~molt, from Latin multus, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tos (“crumbled, crumpled”, past passive participle). After having largely disappeared from the spoken language, where it was replaced by beaucoup, the term is now occasionally heard again, often with a spelling-pronunciation.

inh

(formerly archaic or regional) many; a lot of


abaissé

fr-adj

abaissé (feminine abaissée, masculine plural abaissés, feminine plural abaissées)

abaissée (feminine)
abaissés (masculine plural)
abaissées (feminine plural)


abandonné

abandonné (feminine abandonnée, masculine plural abandonnés, feminine plural abandonnées)

abandonnée (feminine)
abandonnés (masculine plural)
abandonnées (feminine plural)


errant

errant (feminine errante, masculine plural errants, feminine plural errantes)

errante (feminine)
errants (masculine plural)
errantes (feminine plural)

From Old French errant, from Latin errantem.


gaga

Reduplication of the base of gâteux (“senile”)


riche

Louisiana Creole: rish

Inherited from Middle French riche (“rich”), from Old French riche (“rich, wealthy”), from Frankish *rīkī (“rich”), from Proto-Germanic *rīkijaz (“rich, powerful”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct, make right”). Akin to Old High German rīhhi (“rich”) (German reich (“rich”)), Old English rīċe (“rich”) (modern English rich). More at rich.

der

Ses parents étant riches, il se permet de porter des vêtements à la mode

His parents are rich, so he can wear fashionable clothes


glacial

fr-adj

glacial (feminine glaciale, masculine plural glaciaux, feminine plural glaciales)

glaciale (feminine)
glaciaux (masculine plural)
glaciales (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin glaciālis. Morphologically, from glace + -ial.


structural

structural (feminine structurale, masculine plural structuraux, feminine plural structurales)

structurale (feminine)
structuraux (masculine plural)
structurales (feminine plural)


enviable

un sort peu enviable


postal

postal (feminine postale, masculine plural postaux, feminine plural postales)

postale (feminine)
postaux (masculine plural)
postales (feminine plural)


coi

head

coi (feminine coite, or (obsolete) coie, masculine plural cois, feminine plural coites, or (obsolete) coies)

coite (feminine)
coie (obsolete)
cois (masculine plural)
coites (feminine plural)
coies (obsolete)

From Middle French coy, from Old French coi, from Latin qu(i)ētus. Doublet of quiet, which was borrowed.
The original feminine coie is attested until the 18th century. The modern form is analogous (e.g. with droit, droite) and/or influenced by the aforementioned doublet. Compare similar spelling inconsistencies in absous, andalou, esquimau, favori.


mitochondrial

fr-adj

mitochondrial (feminine mitochondriale, masculine plural mitochondriaux, feminine plural mitochondriales)

mitochondriale (feminine)
mitochondriaux (masculine plural)
mitochondriales (feminine plural)


transcontinental

transcontinental (feminine transcontinentale, masculine plural transcontinentaux, feminine plural transcontinentales)

transcontinentale (feminine)
transcontinentaux (masculine plural)
transcontinentales (feminine plural)


tonal

tonal (feminine tonale, masculine plural tonaux, feminine plural tonales)

tonale (feminine)
tonaux (masculine plural)
tonales (feminine plural)


studieux

studieux (feminine studieuse, masculine plural studieux, feminine plural studieuses)

studieuse (feminine)
studieux (masculine plural)
studieuses (feminine plural)


obligatoire

Borrowed from Late Latin obligātōrius, from obligō (whence French obliger).


négationniste

2004, ARMENEWS (online)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

"Cette assignation vise à faire condamner le Consul Général de Turquie à Paris pour la publication et la diffusion de propos négationnistes du génocide arménien sur son site Internet ainsi que l’hébergeur de ce site, la société Wanadoo pour ne pas avoir supprimé les pages concernées, malgré la demande formulée par le CDCA."


recrudescent

recrudescent (feminine recrudescente, masculine plural recrudescents, feminine plural recrudescentes)

recrudescente (feminine)
recrudescents (masculine plural)
recrudescentes (feminine plural)


transnational

transnational (feminine transnationale, masculine plural transnationaux, feminine plural transnationales)

transnationale (feminine)
transnationaux (masculine plural)
transnationales (feminine plural)


au pair

→ German: Au-pair

Sylvie Rogron fut envoyée à cent écus de pension en apprentissage rue Saint-Denis, chez des négociants nés à Provins. Deux ans après, elle était au pair : si elle ne gagnait rien, ses parents ne payaient plus rien pour son logis et sa nourriture. Voilà ce qu’on appelle être au pair, rue Saint-Denis.

Sylvie Rogron was sent (with six hundred francs for her board) as apprentice to certain shopkeepers originally from Provins and now settled in Paris in the rue Saint-Denis. Two years later she was "at par" as they say; she earned her own living; at any rate her parents paid nothing for her. That is what is called being "at par" in the rue Saint-Denis.


vrai

vrai (feminine vraie, masculine plural vrais, feminine plural vraies)

vraie (feminine)
vrais (masculine plural)
vraies (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French verai, from Early Medieval Latin vērāgus, from Latin vērāx.

C’est vrai?

Est-il vrai que vous ayez dit qu’il a besoin de notre aide ?

Is it true that you said he needs our help?

Il est vrai que l’on a dit cela.

Il n’est pas vrai que l’on ait dit cela.

2012 (August 7), Manon Massé, quoted in: Judith Lussier, "Manon Massé : par-delà la moustache," Urbania

So much importance has been placed on defining what makes someone a real man or a real woman; I'm looking forward to when we turn our attention to what makes a woman or a man true.

On a attaché beaucoup d’importance à définir ce qu’est un vrai homme ou une vraie femme, j’ai hâte qu’on s’attarde à ce qu’est une femme vraie et un homme vrai.


convalescent

convalescent (feminine convalescente, masculine plural convalescents, feminine plural convalescentes)

convalescente (feminine)
convalescents (masculine plural)
convalescentes (feminine plural)


poignant

poignant (feminine poignante, masculine plural poignants, feminine plural poignantes)

poignante (feminine)
poignants (masculine plural)
poignantes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French poignant, present participle of poindre. Possibly corresponds to Latin pungentem.


persan

persan (feminine persane, masculine plural persans, feminine plural persanes)

persane (feminine)
persans (masculine plural)
persanes (feminine plural)


pentavalent

pentavalent (feminine pentavalente, masculine plural pentavalents, feminine plural pentavalentes)

pentavalente (feminine)
pentavalents (masculine plural)
pentavalentes (feminine plural)


trivalent

trivalent (feminine trivalente, masculine plural trivalents, feminine plural trivalentes)

trivalente (feminine)
trivalents (masculine plural)
trivalentes (feminine plural)


vivace

Borrowed from Latin vīvācem (“lively, vigorous”).

bor+

(botany) perennial (that can live several years)

(botany) cold hardy (that can withstand frost)


patent

fr-adj

patent (feminine patente, masculine plural patents, feminine plural patentes)

patente (feminine)
patents (masculine plural)
patentes (feminine plural)


consommé

consommé (feminine consommée, masculine plural consommés, feminine plural consommées)

consommée (feminine)
consommés (masculine plural)
consommées (feminine plural)

consummate (complete in every detail, perfect)

consummate (highly skilled and experienced)


chagrin

chagrin (feminine chagrine, masculine plural chagrins, feminine plural chagrines)

chagrine (feminine)
chagrins (masculine plural)
chagrines (feminine plural)

From chagriner, perhaps from Frankish *gram, akin to German Gram


moyen

moyen (feminine moyenne, masculine plural moyens, feminine plural moyennes)

moyenne (feminine)
moyens (masculine plural)
moyennes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French moyen, from Old French moien, earlier meien, inherited from Latin mediānus. Doublet of médian, a borrowing, and also of misaine.

"Tu t’es embarquée dans une moyenne galère, Biscuit!"

1996, Chrystine Brouillet, C'est pour mieux t'aimer mon enfant, →ISBN, page 52:

You got yourself something big there, Cookie!

(Canada, informal, euphemistic) Big; impressive; serious

[N]ormalement, le vocalisme radical du parfait moyen est semblable à celui de l’aoriste passif[.]

1976, Cornelius J. Ruigh, “Observations sur la flexion des verbes du type τρίβω, φρύγω: l'origine des alternances ῑ/ῐ et ῡ/ῠ”, in Studies in Greek, Italic, and Indo-European linguistics: offered to Leonard R. Palmer on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, June 5, 1976, →ISBN, page 340:

Normally, the root vocalism of the perfect middle is similar to that of the aorist passive.


performant

performant (feminine performante, masculine plural performants, feminine plural performantes)

performante (feminine)
performants (masculine plural)
performantes (feminine plural)


antisocial

antisocial (feminine antisociale, masculine plural antisociaux, feminine plural antisociales)

antisociale (feminine)
antisociaux (masculine plural)
antisociales (feminine plural)

desc

а̀нтиобще́ственный

Russian: а̀нтиобще́ственный (àntiobščéstvennyj) (calque)


pubescent

fr-adj

pubescent (feminine pubescente, masculine plural pubescents, feminine plural pubescentes)

pubescente (feminine)
pubescents (masculine plural)
pubescentes (feminine plural)


coulis

coulis (feminine coulisse, masculine plural coulis, feminine plural coulisses)

coulisse (feminine)
coulis (masculine plural)
coulisses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French colëiz, colediz, from Vulgar Latin *colātīcius, from Latin colāre. By surface analysis, couler + -is.


durable

Learned borrowing from Latin dūrābilis. Morphologically, from durer + -able.

développement durable


blasé

blasé (feminine blasée, masculine plural blasés, feminine plural blasées)

blasée (feminine)
blasés (masculine plural)
blasées (feminine plural)

→ English: blasé

→ German: blasiert

Past participle of blaser, from Middle Dutch blâsen (“to blow, sound, brag”), from Old Dutch *blāsan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāsan (“to blow”). Cognate with German blasen (“to blow”), English blast.


fini

fr-adj

fini (feminine finie, masculine plural finis, feminine plural finies)

finie (feminine)
finis (masculine plural)
finies (feminine plural)

finished, over (which has come to an end)

(technical, philosophy) limited, finite (which has an end)

(grammar) finite (inflected for person or number)

un menteur fini

un abruti fini, un connard fini

(derogatory) accomplished; complete (whose art has been perfected)

On peut dormir en paix : c’est un homme fini, qui ne se mêlera plus des affaires de Plassans.

1874, Émile Zola, La Conquête de Plassans:

We can rest easy: he's finished, and he won't be meddling in the affairs of Plassans any more.

finished; done for (having been morally damaged and lost one's reputation)

produits finis


érotique

Learned borrowing from Latin erōticus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐρωτικός (erōtikós, “related to love”), from ἔρως (érōs, “sexual love”).


sibilant

fr-adj

sibilant (feminine sibilante, masculine plural sibilants, feminine plural sibilantes)

sibilante (feminine)
sibilants (masculine plural)
sibilantes (feminine plural)


émeraude

Inherited from Old French esmeralde, esmeragde, from Vulgar Latin *smaralda, *smaraldus, *smaraudus, variant of Latin smaragdus (“emerald”), from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos, “emerald”), from a Semitic language.


vieux

vieux (masculine singular before vowel vieil, feminine vieille, masculine plural vieux, feminine plural vieilles)

vieil (before-vowel masculine singular)
vieille (feminine)
vieux (masculine plural)
vieilles (feminine plural)

Louisiana Creole: vye, vyé

From Middle French vieulx, from Old French viel, from Late Latin veclus, from Latin vetulus.

Au temps de sa pire misère, il remarquait que les jeunes filles se retournaient quand il passait, et il se sauvait ou se cachait, la mort dans l’âme. Il pensait qu’elles le regardaient pour ses vieux habits et qu’elles en riaient, le fait est qu’elles le regardaient pour sa grâce et qu’elles en rêvaient.

1862, Victor Hugo, chapter 1, in Les Misérables, Tome III : Marius, book 6:

At the period of his most abject misery, he had observed that young girls turned round when he passed by, and he fled or hid, with death in his soul. He thought that they were staring at him because of his old clothes, and that they were laughing at them; the fact is, that they stared at him because of his grace, and that they dreamed of him.

ce n’est pas à un vieux singe qu’on apprend à faire des grimaces

c’est dans les vieux pots qu’on fait la meilleure soupe

laisser tomber comme une vieille chaussette


nonchalant

nonchalant (feminine nonchalante, masculine plural nonchalants, feminine plural nonchalantes)

nonchalante (feminine)
nonchalants (masculine plural)
nonchalantes (feminine plural)

→ Danish: nonchalant

→ Dutch: nonchalant

→ English: nonchalant

→ German: nonchalant

→ Swedish: nonchalant

Present participle of Old French nonchaloir (“to have no importance”), from non + chaloir, equivalent to Latin non (“not”) + calēre (“to be warm”).

inh

Marked by a lack of vivacity, vigour, liveliness; slow-moving; indolent


divers

fr-adj

divers (feminine diverse, masculine plural divers, feminine plural diverses)

diverse (feminine)
divers (masculine plural)
diverses (feminine plural)


fait

fait (feminine faite, masculine plural faits, feminine plural faites)

faite (feminine)
faits (masculine plural)
faites (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French fait, from Old French fet, from Latin factum.

Je ne suis vraiment pas fait pour l’escalade.


apert

apert (feminine aperte, masculine plural aperts, feminine plural apertes)

aperte (feminine)
aperts (masculine plural)
apertes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin apertus (“open”). Doublet of ouvert.

(archaic, literary) clear, manifest, obvious


sacerdotal

sacerdotal (feminine sacerdotale, masculine plural sacerdotaux, feminine plural sacerdotales)

sacerdotale (feminine)
sacerdotaux (masculine plural)
sacerdotales (feminine plural)


compatible

→ Portuguese: compatível


matrilocal

matrilocal (feminine matrilocale, masculine plural matrilocaux, feminine plural matrilocales)

matrilocale (feminine)
matrilocaux (masculine plural)
matrilocales (feminine plural)


patrilocal

patrilocal (feminine patrilocale, masculine plural patrilocaux, feminine plural patrilocales)

patrilocale (feminine)
patrilocaux (masculine plural)
patrilocales (feminine plural)


américain

américain (feminine américaine, masculine plural américains, feminine plural américaines)

américaine (feminine)
américains (masculine plural)
américaines (feminine plural)

Et pourtant São Paulo ne m’a jamais paru laide : c’était une ville sauvage comme le sont toutes les villes américaines, à l’exception peut-être de Washington, D.C., [...]

1955, Claude Lévi-Strauss, chapter XI, in Tristes Tropiques, Plon, published 1993, →ISBN, page 108; republished as John & Doreen Weightman, transl., Tristes Tropiques, Penguin, 2011, →ISBN:

And yet I never thought that São Paulo was ugly: it was a ‘wild’ town, as are all American towns, with the possible exception of Washington, D.C., …


indirect

indirect (feminine indirecte, masculine plural indirects, feminine plural indirectes)

indirecte (feminine)
indirects (masculine plural)
indirectes (feminine plural)


homosexuel

homosexuel (feminine homosexuelle, masculine plural homosexuels, feminine plural homosexuelles)

homosexuelle (feminine)
homosexuels (masculine plural)
homosexuelles (feminine plural)

→ Turkish: eşcinsel (calque)


collodion

collodion (feminine collodionne, masculine plural collodions, feminine plural collodionnes)

collodionne (feminine)
collodions (masculine plural)
collodionnes (feminine plural)


rond

rond (feminine ronde, masculine plural ronds, feminine plural rondes)

ronde (feminine)
ronds (masculine plural)
rondes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French reont, from Late Latin retundus, dissimilated variant of Latin rotundus. Doublet of rotonde.

Derrière ton rond de lumière / T’es complètement rond, Jojo !

1980, “Jojo le Projo”, in Assez !, performed by Claude Nougaro:


vierge

Inherited from Middle French verge, from Old French verge, vierge, virge, from a shortening of virgene, from Latin virgō, according to the Trésor de la Langue Française etymological dictionary, a borrowing.

CD vierge

Reprenez un formulaire vierge et recommencez.

Take a new blank copy of the form and start again.

blank (of paper, recording/storage media, etc.)


rémois

rémois (feminine rémoise, masculine plural rémois, feminine plural rémoises)

rémoise (feminine)
rémois (masculine plural)
rémoises (feminine plural)


cuit

cuit (feminine cuite, masculine plural cuits, feminine plural cuites)

cuite (feminine)
cuits (masculine plural)
cuites (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French cuit, from Latin coctus, perfect passive participle of coquō (“cook, ripen”).

(slang) sozzled, smashed (intoxicated by alcohol)


grammatical

grammatical (feminine grammaticale, masculine plural grammaticaux, feminine plural grammaticales)

grammaticale (feminine)
grammaticaux (masculine plural)
grammaticales (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French grammatical, from Late Latin grammaticālis.


impartial

fr-adj

impartial (feminine impartiale, masculine plural impartiaux, feminine plural impartiales)

impartiale (feminine)
impartiaux (masculine plural)
impartiales (feminine plural)


ravi

ravi (feminine ravie, masculine plural ravis, feminine plural ravies)

ravie (feminine)
ravis (masculine plural)
ravies (feminine plural)

Il a demandé leur avis à des tas de gens ravis / Ravis, de donner leur avis sur la vie

2001, Alain Souchon (lyrics and music), “La vie ne vaut rien”:

thrilled, overjoyed, delighted, ravished, chuffed


tel

tel (feminine telle, masculine plural tels, feminine plural telles)

telle (feminine)
tels (masculine plural)
telles (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French tel, from Latin tālis. Compare Spanish tal.

Être, ou ne pas être : telle est la question.

(literally, “ […] such is the question.”)

To be, or not to be, that is the question.


cervical

cervical (feminine cervicale, masculine plural cervicaux, feminine plural cervicales)

cervicale (feminine)
cervicaux (masculine plural)
cervicales (feminine plural)

→ English: cervical

Borrowed from New Latin cervicālis, formed from the root of Latin cervix (“the neck, nape of the neck”) and -alis (see -al).


tibétain

fr-adj

tibétain (feminine tibétaine, masculine plural tibétains, feminine plural tibétaines)

tibétaine (feminine)
tibétains (masculine plural)
tibétaines (feminine plural)


tarsal

tarsal (feminine tarsale, masculine plural tarsaux, feminine plural tarsales)

tarsale (feminine)
tarsaux (masculine plural)
tarsales (feminine plural)


alvin

alvin (feminine alvine, masculine plural alvins, feminine plural alvines)

alvine (feminine)
alvins (masculine plural)
alvines (feminine plural)

Late Latin alvinus, from alvus (“belly”).


protégé

protégé (feminine protégée, masculine plural protégés, feminine plural protégées)

protégée (feminine)
protégés (masculine plural)
protégées (feminine plural)


ladin

ladin (feminine ladine, masculine plural ladins, feminine plural ladines)

ladine (feminine)
ladins (masculine plural)
ladines (feminine plural)

Taken from the proper name of the language.


basque

From Latin Vascō, singular form of the plural noun Vascones. The transition of the initial -v- to -b- indicates a likely loan from Spanish or Occitan. Doublet of gascon, from the accusative form Vasconem.


nahuatl

nahuatl (feminine nahuatle, masculine plural nahuatls, feminine plural nahuatles)

nahuatle (feminine)
nahuatls (masculine plural)
nahuatles (feminine plural)


floral

floral (feminine florale, masculine plural floraux, feminine plural florales)

florale (feminine)
plural floraux (masculine)
plural florales (feminine)