ablactation

(medicine) Interruption in secretion of breast milk, usually caused by a hormonal imbalance

(medicine, archaic) the weaning of a child


ablation

→ Dutch: ablatie


abduction

Learned borrowing from Latin abductiō(n) (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results).

lbor

(physiology) abductive movement; abduction


accoucheur

fr-noun

accoucheur m (plural accoucheurs, feminine accoucheuse)

accoucheurs (plural)
accoucheuse (feminine)

→ English: accoucheur

→ Polish: akuszer

→ Russian: акушер (akušer)


aberration

Unadapted borrowing from Latin aberrātiō(n) (“relief, diversion”), from aberr(ā) (“wander away, go astray”) (from ab (“away”) + errō (“wander”)) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Compare English aberration.


langue

Haitian Creole: lang

Karipúna Creole French: lang

desc

Louisiana Creole: lang, lalanng, lalongn, lalangn, lalang, long

Seychellois Creole: lalang

→ English: langue

Inherited from Middle French langue, from Old French langue, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).
See cognates in regional languages in France: Champenois laingue, Norman laungue, Gallo lenghe, Picard lingue, Bourguignon laingue, Franco-Provençal lengoua, Occitan lenga, Corsican lingua.

inh

tourner sa langue sept fois dans sa bouche

tourner sept fois sa langue dans sa bouche

la langue dans la bouche


deal

Quelques jours après l’assassinat d’un homme sous les yeux de son fils de 8 ans, le quartier semble à l’arrêt sans qu’aucune solution pérenne ne se dessine pour lutter contre les violences liées au deal.


os

Inherited from Middle French os, from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Le chien a enterré un os.

Il y a un os.


fruit

Haitian Creole: fwi

Inherited from Middle French fruict, a latinized spelling of Old French fruit, from Latin frūctus (“enjoyment, proceeds, profits, produce, income”), a derivative of fruor (“have the benefit of, to use, to enjoy”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to make use of, to have enjoyment of”).


absinthe

→ Armenian: աբսենտ (absent)

→ Belarusian: абсэнт (absent)

→ Bulgarian: абсент (absent)

→ Catalan: absenta
→ Spanish: absenta

→ Czech: absinth

→ Danish: absint

→ English: absinthe

→ Finnish: absintti

→ Greek: αψέντι (apsénti)

→ Galician: asente

desctree

→ German: Absinth
→ Estonian: absint
→ Hungarian: abszint

→ Hebrew: אבסינת (absint)

→ Japanese: アブサン (abusan)

→ Korean: 압생트 (apsaengteu)

→ Latvian: absints

→ Lithuanian: absentas

→ Macedonian: апсинт (apsint)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: absint

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: absint

→ Occitan: absinti

→ Polish: absynt

→ Portuguese: absinto

→ Romanian: absint

→ Russian: абсе́нт (absént)

→ Serbo-Croatian: absint / апсинт

→ Swedish: absint

→ Turkish: absint

→ Ukrainian: абсе́нт (absént)

→ Yiddish: אַבסינט (absint)

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual


bouton

Antillean Creole: bouton

→ Bulgarian: бутон (buton)

→ English: bouton

→ Khmer: ប៊ូតុង (buutong)

→ Malagasy: bokotra

→ Romanian: buton

→ Russian: бутон (buton)

→ Turkish: buton

Inherited from Middle French bouton, boton, from Old French bouton, boton (“button, bud”), from Vulgar Latin *bautōnem, accusative of bautō, from Frankish *bautō (“that which pushes up, bump, knob”), from Proto-West Germanic *bautan (“to beat, push”). By surface analysis, bouter + -on. Cognate with Old High German bōzo (“bundle, flaxbundle”), Old Saxon bōto (“bunch or bundle of flaxs”). Compare Italian bottone, Spanish botón, which are borrowings of the French word.

cog

(pathology, dermatology) pimple, spot, zit


bite

From Old Norse biti (“beam, girder”), from Proto-Germanic *bitô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).

der

Il a souri quand j’ai mis la main entre ses cuisses et je me suis mise à frotter sa grosse bite.

He smiled when I put my hand between his thighs and started to rub his big cock.

Je veux te voir / Dans un film pornographique / En action avec ta bite / Forme potatoes ou bien frites

2006, “Je veux te voir”, in Pop Up, performed by Yelle:

I want to see you / In a porno film / In action with your dick / Whether it's a French fry or a chunky chip

J’sors ma bite je la baise, tu sors ton biff tu la sors

2012, “Wesh Morray”, in Futur, performed by Booba:

I get out my dick and I fuck her, you get out your cash and take her out

J’ai la bite tellement raide que si son copain passe, il pourra me l’arracher et me péter les dents avec. Je vis dans un film érotique et je ne baise pas. Je n’y comprends rien.

2015 [2004], Stéphane Dompierre, Un petit pas pour l'homme, →ISBN, page 57:

My cock is so hard that if her boyfriend comes by, he'll be able to rip it off and smash my teeth in with it. I live in a porn film and I'm not getting laid. I don't understand it.


face

Inherited from Middle French and Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs (“face, shape”). Doublet of faciès.


sang

Inherited from Old French sanc, from Vulgar Latin sanguem, alteration of Latin sanguinem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).


vermouth

→ English: vermouth

→ Romanian: vermut

→ Turkish: vermut


vif

fr-adj

vif (feminine vive, masculine plural vifs, feminine plural vives)

vive (feminine)
vifs (masculine plural)
vives (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French vif, from Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).


œil

desctree

Saint Dominican Creole French: z'yeu
Haitian Creole: je

Haitian Creole: zye

Inherited from Middle French œil, from Old French oil, uel, ueil (plural olz, ialz), from Vulgar Latin oclus, from Latin oculus. Doublet of oculus, a borrowing. Cognate with Spanish ojo, Portuguese olho, Galician ollo, Italian occhio, Romanian ochi and Catalan ull. For the phonetic development of the plural, see yeux.

tenir à quelque chose comme à la prunelle de ses yeux

(anatomy, plural yeux) eye, organ that is sensitive to light, helping organisms to see


rate

From Germanic, probably Dutch rate (literally “honeycomb”), as the cellular tissue of the spleen is said to resemble honeycomb, from Proto-Germanic *hrētō-, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁d-eh₂-.


boob

« […] Ses premiers francs en poche, Nabilla avait foncé chez le chirurgien pour pimper ses boobs. »

2014 October 30, Bertrand Ferrier, Le point de vue du panda: Le dico des mots sans dico - Humour, Max Milo, →ISBN:

" […] With her first francs in her pocket, Nabilla had rushed to the surgeon to pimp her boobs."

Mes boobs ! je continue de m’époumoner en désignant mes seins. — Ils n’ont jamais vraiment disparu Grace... Je lui lance un regard torve et attrape mon sac et mes dossiers avant de courir vers la sortie.

2019 February 6, Margot D. Bortoli, Projet Rebirth, BMR, →ISBN:

"My boobs!" I continue yelling, pointing to my breasts. "They never really disappeared, Grace..." I throw her a menacing look and grab my bag and files before running to the exit.

(slang, anglicism, chiefly in the plural) breast


cœur

Antillean Creole: kè

Haitian Creole: kè, kœ

→ Polish: kier

Inherited from Middle French coeur, from Old French cuer, from Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.


rein

Inherited from Middle French rein, from Old French rein, from the plural reins, from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).


coke

Borrowed from English coke (“residue from roasting in a coal oven”).


laudanum

fr-noun

laudanum m (usually uncountable, plural laudanums)


pied

Haitian Creole: pye

Inherited from Middle French pied, from Old French pié, from Latin pedem. The -d was added to the spelling in Middle French after the Latin form.
Cognate with Italian piede, Catalan peu, Spanish pie, Portuguese pé, and further with English foot, Lithuanian pėda, Persian پا (pâ) etc.


gras

fr-adj

gras (feminine grasse, masculine plural gras, feminine plural grasses)

grasse (feminine)
gras (masculine plural)
grasses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French gras, from Late Latin grassus. Doublet of crasse.


gras

fat (animal tissue or substance resembling it)


jambe

Inherited from Old French jambe, from Late Latin gamba.

Il marche sur ses deux jambes.

par-dessus la jambe


vodka

Borrowed from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).


radius

Borrowed from Latin radius. Doublet of rai, which was inherited.


valétudinaire

Learned borrowing from Latin valētūdinārius.


mule

Inherited from Old French mule, from Latin mūla, feminine of mūlus.


atlas

→ Romanian: atlas

→ Turkish: atlas


sein

au sein

Inherited from Old French sein, inherited from Latin sinus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sinos. Doublet of sinus. Compare Italian seno, Romanian sân, Romansch sain, Portuguese seio, Spanish seno.

sur votre jeune sein laissez rouler ma tête

Elle a des gros seins


nutrition

Borrowed from Late Latin nūtrītiōnem, from Latin nūtriōnem.


clitoris

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κλειτορίς (kleitorís).

Les personnes qui prennent de la testostérone dans le cadre d’une transition de genre médicale de femme à homme ont également un clitoris dont la taille est au-dessus de la moyenne.

People who take testosterone as part of a female-to-male medical gender transition also have a clitoris of above-average size.


front

→ Brazilian Portuguese: fronte

→ Bulgarian: фронт (front)

→ Czech: front, fronta

desctree

→ German: Front
→ Hungarian: front
→ Russian: фронт (front)
→ Bashkir: фронт (front)

→ Irish: fronta

→ Macedonian: фронт (front)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: front

→ Polish: front

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: frȍnt, frònta (Croatia)

Cyrillic script: фро̏нт

→ Swedish: front

Inherited from Old French front, from Latin frontem, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰron-t-, from *bʰren- (“project”).


quarantaine

→ Danish: karantæne

→ Dutch: quarantaine

→ German: Quarantäne

From quarante + -aine, the medical sense a calque of Italian quarantena.

(medicine) quarantine (isolation to prevent contamination)


glottal

fr-adj

glottal (feminine glottale, masculine plural glottaux, feminine plural glottales)

glottale (feminine)
glottaux (masculine plural)
glottales (feminine plural)

Derived from glott(e) (“glottis”) + -al (“-al”, adjectival derivational suffix).


cancer

→ Romanian: cancer

→ Turkish: kanser

Borrowed from Latin cancer. Doublet of chancre, which was inherited, and cancre.


main

→? English: main

→⇒ German: Lamäng

Haitian Creole: men

Louisiana Creole: men

⇒ Mauritian Creole: lame

Inherited from Middle French main, Old French main, mein, man, from Latin manus (“hand”), from Proto-Italic *manus, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂-r̥ ~ *mh₂-én-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”), or perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *mon-u- (see the Proto-Italic entry). Compare Spanish mano.


bride

→ Portuguese: brida

Inherited from Middle French bride, from Old French bride (“rein, bridle”), from Middle High German brīdel (“rein, bridle”), from Old High German brīdil (“rein, bridle”) (compare also Old High German brittil (“rein, strap”), French bretelle), from Proto-West Germanic *brigdil (“bridle”).
Compare Spanish brida, Italian briglia. More at bridle.

à cheval donné on ne regarde pas la bride


tension

→ Haitian Creole: tansyon

→ Romanian: tensiune

→ Turkish: tansiyon

Inherited from Middle French tension, borrowed from Latin tensiō.

chute de tension


gland

Inherited from Old French glant, from Latin glandem.

Brise-cul, vingt-huit ans, l’air d’un satyre, son vit est tortu ; la tête ou le gland en est énorme : il a huit pouces trois lignes de tour, et le corps du vit huit pouces sur seize de long ; ce vit majestueux est absolument cambré.

1785, Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, translated by Austryn Wainhouse and Richard Seaver, Les 120 journées de Sodome, ou l'École du libertinage:

Bum-Cleaver, twenty-eight years old, has the look of a satyr; his majestic prick is bent saber fashion, its head, or glans, is enormous, it is eight and three-eighths inches in circumference and the shaft eight in length.

Comeronyms: corps caverneux, corps spongieux, frein, prépuce

Holonym: pénis

les papules perlées du gland

Ellipsis of gland du pénis (“glans penis”).

Comeronym: capuchon du clitoris

Holonym: clitoris

gland du clitoris
gland du clitoris#French

Ellipsis of gland du clitoris (“glans clitoridis”).

décalotter le gland

to uncover the glans penis or glans clitoridis by pulling back the foreskin or clitoral hood

recalotter le gland

to cover again the glans penis or glans clitoridis by pulling forward the foreskin or clitoral hood


nerf

Inherited from Middle French nerf, from Old French nerf, inherited from Latin nervus.


thrombose

→ Turkish: tromboz


muscle

Inherited from Middle French muscle, a borrowing from Latin mūsculus (“a muscle”, literally “little mouse”). See also the inherited doublet moule (“mussel, clam”).


LSD

Borrowed from German LSD, initialism of Lysergsäure-diethylamid.

lysergic acid diethylamide
lysergic acid diethylamide


anus

→ Turkish: anüs


arcade

→ Danish: arkade

→ Dutch: arcade

→ English: arcade

→ German: Arkade

→ Norwegian Bokmål: arkade

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: arkade

→ Swedish: arkad

Borrowed from Italian arcata. By surface analysis, arc + -ade.


mucus

→ Turkish: mukus


queue

→ Danish: kø

→ Dutch: keu

→ English: queue, cue

→ German: Queue

→ Norwegian: kø

→ Swedish: kö

Inherited from Middle French queu, cueue, from Old French cue, coe, from Vulgar Latin cōda, variant of Latin cauda. Doublet of coda.

inh+

quand on parle du loup, on en voit la queue


whiskey

Borrowed from English whisky, whiskey, from Irish uisce beatha, Scottish Gaelic uisge-beatha (literally “water of life”).


dos

Inherited from Old French dos, from Latin dorsum (through Vulgar Latin dossum). Compare Romansch dies, Catalan dors, Italian dosso, and Romanian dos.

ne pas y aller avec le dos de la cuillère


remettre

remettre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
remettant (gerund participle present)
remettant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
remis (participle past)
remets (first-person indicative present singular)
remets (indicative present second-person singular)
remet (indicative present singular third-person)
remettons (first-person indicative plural present)
remettons (first-person indicative plural present)
remettez (indicative plural present second-person)
remettez (indicative plural present second-person)
remettent (indicative plural present third-person)
remettais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
remettais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
remettais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
remettais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
remettait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
remettait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
remettions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
remettions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
remettiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
remettiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
remettaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
remettaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
remis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
remis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
remit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
remîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
remîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
remirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
remettrai (first-person future indicative singular)
remettrai (first-person future indicative singular)
remettras (future indicative second-person singular)
remettras (future indicative second-person singular)
remettra (future indicative singular third-person)
remettra (future indicative singular third-person)
remettrons (first-person future indicative plural)
remettrons (first-person future indicative plural)
remettrez (future indicative plural second-person)
remettrez (future indicative plural second-person)
remettront (future indicative plural third-person)
remettront (future indicative plural third-person)
remettrais (conditional first-person singular)
remettrais (conditional first-person singular)
remettrais (conditional second-person singular)
remettrais (conditional second-person singular)
remettrait (conditional singular third-person)
remettrait (conditional singular third-person)
remettrions (conditional first-person plural)
remettrions (conditional first-person plural)
remettriez (conditional plural second-person)
remettriez (conditional plural second-person)
remettraient (conditional plural third-person)
remettraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
remette (first-person present singular subjunctive)
remettes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
remette (present singular subjunctive third-person)
remettions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
remettions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
remettiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
remettiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
remettent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
remisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
remisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
remît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
remissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
remissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
remissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
remets (imperative second-person singular)
remettons (first-person imperative plural)
remettons (first-person imperative plural)
remettez (imperative plural second-person)
remettez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French remetre, inherited from Latin remittō. By surface analysis, re- + mettre.

Quant à l’évêque, avoir vu la guillotine fut pour lui un choc, et il fut longtemps à s’en remettre.

1862, Victor Hugo, chapter 4, in Les Misérables, Tome I : Fantine, book 1:

As for the bishop, seeing the guillotine had been a shock for him, and it took him a long time to get over it.

(pronominal, followed by the preposition de) to get over, to recover (from something)

Il s’est remis à fumer.

(pronominal, followed by the preposition à) to take up again, start (to do something) again


tempe

From Vulgar Latin *tempula, from Latin tempora, originally an accusative plural form of tempus.

...une sueur glacée est sortie à la fois de tous mes membres, j’ai senti mes tempes se gonfler, et j’avais les oreilles pleines de bourdonnements.

1829, Victor Hugo, Le Dernier Jour d’un condamné:

ice-cold sweat dripped of every part of my body at the same time, I felt my temples swell, and there was a deafening hum in my ears.


bière

→ Abenaki: labial (from "la bière")

→ Khmer: ប៊ីយេរ (biiyɛɛ)

→ Lao: ເບຍ (bīa)

→ Sango: bîêre

→ Vietnamese: bia

Inherited from Middle French biere, borrowed from Middle Dutch bier, from Old Dutch *bier, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ (compare Old Saxon and Old High German bior), all from Proto-Germanic *beuzą. Akin to Old English bēor (“beer”). More at beer.


enzyme

From Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in”) + ζύμη (zúmē, “sourdough”).


xérès

From Spanish Xeres, obsolete spelling of the name of the Spanish city Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, where the beverage was produced.

De vieilles femmes étaient assises dans un coin et buvaient de petits verres de xérès. L’une d’elles fumait une longue pipe.

2007, JK Rowling, translated by Jean-François Ménard, Harry Potter à l'école des sorciers [Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone], Gallimard Jeunesse, page 77:


dent

Inherited from Middle French dent f, with change of gender from Old French dent m, from Latin dentem m, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dénts, *h₃dónts.

à cheval donné on ne regarde pas les dents


visage

Inherited from Old French visage, from vis (from Latin visus) + -age, or possibly a Vulgar Latin *visāticum.

face

only used in certain constructions, or in Canada

se voir comme le nez au milieu du visage


lunettes

desctree

Saint Dominican Creole French: linettes
Haitian Creole: linèt


genou

Esperanto: genuo

Inherited from Old French genouz, genoilz plural of genoil, from Late Latin genuculum, alteration of Latin geniculum, diminutive of genū (“knee”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Cognate with Bourguignon genô, Occitan genolh.


cou

From Latin collum. Doublet of col. Cognate with Italian collo, Galician and Portuguese colo, Spanish cuello.

Il a un cou assez long.


cul

Inherited from Middle French cul, from Old French cul, from Latin cūlus, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, zero-grade without s-mobile form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”).

le beurre, l’argent du beurre et le cul de la crémière

En effet, le prince Vibescu marchait, comme on croit à Bucharest que marchent les Parisiens ; c’est-à-dire à tous petits pas pressés et en tortillant le cul.

2008 [1907], Guillaume Apollinaire, chapter I, in Alexis Lykiard, transl., Les Onze mille verges [The Eleven Thousand Rods] (fiction):

Indeed, Prince Vibescu used to walk as Bucharest folk believe Parisians walk, that's to say with rapid little footsteps and wriggling his arse.

Ce fut un étalage admirable de culs de toutes les nationalités, car ce bordel modèle possédait des putains de toutes races. Le cul en forme de poire de la Frisonne contrastait avec les culs rebondis des Parisiennes, les fesses merveilleuses des Anglaises, les postérieurs carrés des Scandinaves et les culs tombants des Catalanes.

1967 [1907], Guillaume Apollinaire, chapter VI, in David B. Lewis + Wiktionary, transl., Les Onze mille verges [Debauched Hospodar] (fiction):

This was an admirable display of arses of all nationalities, as this model whorehouse held hookers of all races. The Frisian girl’s pear-shaped arse contrasted with the plump Parisians’, with the marvelous buttocks of the English, the square behinds of the Scandinavians, and the plunging arses of the Catalans.


malin

fr-adj

malin (feminine maligne or maline, masculine plural malins, feminine plural malignes or malines)

maligne (feminine)
maline (feminine)
malins (masculine plural)
malignes (feminine plural)
malines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French malin(g), backformation from Old French maligne m (12th c.), a borrowing from Latin malignus. Compare the same backformation in bénin and, on the other hand, the original common-gender form preserved in digne.

une tumeur maligne


trouble

→ German: Trubel

Deverbal from troubler or from Old French troble.

trouble bipolaire

trouble de la personnalité

trouble de l’érection

trouble de l’humeur

trouble du sommeil

trouble mental

trouble obsessionnel compulsif

trouble psychiatrique

trouble psychique


fine

a number of high grade French brandies (usually AOC certified)


chai

Mis en bouteille dans nos chais.


palatal

palatal (feminine palatale, masculine plural palataux, feminine plural palatales)

palatale (feminine)
palataux (masculine plural)
palatales (feminine plural)


temporal

temporal (feminine temporale, masculine plural temporaux, feminine plural temporales)

temporale (feminine)
temporaux (masculine plural)
temporales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from New Latin temporālis, from tempus (“temple”) (whence tempe).

lobe temporal


cure

Inherited from Middle French cure, from Old French cure, from Latin cūra, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“to heed”).


pectoral

Borrowed from Latin pectorālis. Doublet of poitrail.


pectoral

pectoral (feminine pectorale, masculine plural pectoraux, feminine plural pectorales)

pectorale (feminine)
pectoraux (masculine plural)
pectorales (feminine plural)


col

→ Hausa: kwal

Inherited from Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of cou.


cil

Inherited from Old French cil, from Latin cilium.


-ose

Borrowed via Latin from Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis, “state, abnormal condition, or action”), from -όω (-óō) stem verbs + -σις (-sis).

der

(pathology) -osis, a functional disease or condition


hormone

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὁρμῶν (hormôn), present participle of ὁρμάω (hormáō, “to set in motion, to urge on”), from ὁρμή (hormḗ, “rapid motion forwards, onrush, onset, assault, impulse to do a thing, effort”).


tendon

→ Romanian: tendon

→? Turkish: tendon


cannabis

Borrowed from Latin cannabis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis). Doublet of chanvre.


cocktail

Borrowed from English cocktail, which is of unclear origin.


brayer

Inherited from Old French, from Old Norse bræða (“melt; make oil, tar, pitch”).


rage

→ German: Rage

Inherited from Middle French rage, from Old French rage, from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs.

Les chauves-souris Desmodus Rotundus infectéés naturellement transmettent la rage aux animaux.

1935, Revista da produção animal, Instituto de Biologia Animal, page 47:

The naturally infected bats Desmodus rotundus transmit rabies to animals.


grippe

Haitian Creole: grip

→ Albanian: grip

→ Alemannic German: Grippi

→ Armenian: գրիպ (grip)

→ Azerbaijani: qrip

→ Belarusian: грып (hryp)

→ Bulgarian: грип (grip)

→ Catalan: grip

→ Dutch: griep
Afrikaans: griep

→ English: grippe

→ Esperanto: gripo

→ Estonian: gripp

→ Galician: gripe

→ Georgian: გრიპი (griṗi)

→ German: Grippe

→ Greek: γρίπη (grípi) and Greek dialect of Cyprus (Cypriot Greek): γρίππη (pronounced with a geminate /ph:/)

→ Kildin Sami: грӣбп (grībp)

→ Kyrgyz: грипп (gripp)

→ Ladino: grip

→ Latvian: gripa

→ Lithuanian: gripas

→ Luxembourgish: Gripp

→ Macedonian: грип (grip)

i

→ Norman: grippe (possibly also descended from Old French)

→ Polish: grypa

→ Portuguese: gripe

→ Romanian: gripă

→ Russian: грипп (gripp)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: грип

Latin script: gripa

→ Slovene: gripa

desc

→ Spanish: gripe, gripa (Colombia, Mexico)

→ Tajik: грипп (gripp)

→ Tatar: грипп (gripp)

→ Turkish: grip

→ Laz: გრიფი (gripi)

→ Turkmen: grip

→ Ukrainian: грип (hryp)

→ Uzbek: gripp

Sophie a eu une mauvaise grippe l’hiver dernier.

Sophie had a bad case of the flu last winter.

Comment savoir si vous avez la grippe ou un rhume?

How do you know if you have the flu or a cold?


distal

fr-adj

distal (feminine distale, masculine plural distaux, feminine plural distales)

distale (feminine)
distaux (masculine plural)
distales (feminine plural)


lavabo

→ German: Lavabo

→ Turkish: lavabo

→ Vietnamese: la-va-bô

Borrowed from Latin lavābō (“I will wash”), first-person singular future active indicative of lavō, lavāre (“wash, bathe”, verb).


ponce

From Latin pūmex (via a Late Latin pōmex).

(Quebec) hot alcoholic beverage made with gin or rum


lobe

Inherited from Middle French, from Ancient Greek λοβός (lobós).

lobe de l’oreille


hymen

→ English: hymen

→ Romanian: himen

→ Turkish: himen

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑμήν (humḗn, “skin, membrane”).


tibia

Borrowed from Latin tībia. Compare the inherited doublet tige.


contention

(medicine) immobilization, (psychiatry) restraint


blush

C’est mon petit boulot, ma tune, mes clopes, mes expressos, mes virées nocturnes, ma lingerie fine, mon Guerlain, mes folies de blush, mes livres de poche, mon cinoche.

1999, Anna Gavalda, “The Opel Touch”, in Je voudrais que quelqu'un m'attende quelque part:

blush (makeup used to redden the cheeks)


biceps

(anatomy) biceps (any two-headed muscle)


circulation

→ Romanian: circulație

→ Turkish: sirkülasyon


corona

« Ici au Congo, il n’y a que la malaria et la simple fièvre. Le corona, c’est en Europe, en Chine. Nous avons des anticorps depuis nos ancêtres » affirme l’un d’entre eux, Hussein, à l’AFP.

2020 June 1, “« Le corona, c’est en Europe ou en Chine, pas ici » : à Kinshasa, la difficile sensibilisation au Covid-19”, in Le Monde, archived from the original on 2021-01-14:

« Regardez ici, il n’y a pas un mètre, on est les uns sur les autres ! Ici c’est du concentré de corona (…) Il est là le corona ! », déplore Abdul Qahar, Afghan âgé de 20 ans, en montrant les tentes à touche-touche, les détritus au sol et les toilettes à ciel ouvert.

2020 July 18, “« Il est là le corona ! »: au canal Saint-Denis, un millier de migrants sans mesures barrière”, in L'Express, archived from the original on 2021-01-14:

Que dit-elle ? "Alleen samen krijgen wij de overheiden^([sic]) [should be "overheid"] onder controle" (Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle des autorités) un slogan détourné de celui lancé au printemps par le gouvernement et qui disait : "Ensemble, nous pouvons avoir le contrôle sur le corona".

2020 September 24, “Coronavirus: ces célébrités, dont "la fille la plus détestée des Pays-Bas", qui lancent une campagne anti-mesures COVID-19”, in RTBF, archived from the original on 2020-11-10:


inflammation

Learned borrowing from Latin īnflammātiō.


plaque

→ Persian: پلاک (pelâk)

From Middle Dutch placken (“to patch, beat metal into a thin plate”), from placke (“disk, patch, stain”), from *Old Dutch plagga (“patch”), from Proto-Germanic *plaggą (“patch”).

der

plaque muqueuse, dentaire


roulette

→ Catalan: ruleta

→ Czech: ruleta

→ Danish: roulette, roulet

→ English: roulette

→ Galician: ruleta

→ German: Roulette (see there for further descendants)

→ Italian: roulette

→ Japanese: ルーレット

→ Norwegian Bokmål: rulett

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rulett

→ Portuguese: roleta

→ Spanish: ruleta

→ Swedish: roulett

→ Thai: รูเล็ตต์ (ruu-lèt)


santé

Inherited from Old French santé, from Latin sānitātem.

en bonne santé


ordure

Inherited from Old French ord (“filthy”), from Latin horridus (“horrid”), + -ure.


lait

fr-noun

lait m (countable and uncountable, plural laits)

Inherited from Old French lait, from Late Latin lactem, from Latin lac, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵlákts. Compare Occitan lach, lait.


saké

→ Romanian: sake n

→ Turkish: sake

Borrowed from Japanese 酒 (sake, “rice wine”).


loupe

→ Catalan: lupa

→ Danish: lup

→ Dutch: loep
→ Indonesian: lup

→ English: loupe

→ Finnish: luppi

desctree

→ German: Lupe
Japanese: ルーペ (rūpe)
Korean: 루페 (rupe)

→ Luxembourgish: Lupp

→ Polish: lupa

→ Portuguese: lupa

→ Romanian: lupă

→ Russian: лу́па (lúpa)

→ Spanish: lupa
→ Basque: lupa

→ Swedish: lupp

→ Vietnamese: kính lúp

From Middle French, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”). Cognate with Dutch dialectal (Meuse-Rhenish) luppe (“piece”); Middle Dutch and Middle Low German lobbe (“dangling part”); Saterland Frisian lobbe (“hanging lump of flesh”); Old English loppe, lobbe (“spider”); Dutch lob (“hanging lip, ruffle or sleeve”). More at lobe.


magnum

(wine) a bottle of wine containing 1.5 liters of fluid, double the volume of a standard bottle


abaisse-langue

fr-noun

abaisse-langue m (plural abaisse-langues)


FA

fibrillation auriculaire
fibrillation auriculaire#French

fibrillation atriale
fibrillation atriale#French

(medicine) AF (“atrial fibrillation”): Initialism of fibrillation auriculaire or fibrillation atriale.


scrotal

fr-adj

scrotal (feminine scrotale, masculine plural scrotaux, feminine plural scrotales)

scrotale (feminine)
scrotaux (masculine plural)
scrotales (feminine plural)

Dans la cure des hypospadias péno-scrotaux, scrotaux et périnéaux, il convient donc de recourir à d’autres opérations.

1841, Bulletin de l'Académie royale de médecine de Belgique, page 870:


version

(medicine) an obstetric maneuver to change the fetus' position inside the uterus so as to facilitate childbirth


synapse

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σύναψις (súnapsis, “conjunction”), from συνάπτω (sunáptō, “to clasp”).


scrotum

Le scrotum est un sac de peau et de tissu fibromusculaire situé à la racine du pénis qui soutient les testicules et les maintient à une température stable.

The scrotum is a sack of skin and fibromuscular tissue at the base of the penis that supports the testicles and keeps them at a stable temperature.


morphine

From Ancient Greek Μορφεύς (Morpheús) + -ine.


nez

Inherited from Middle French nez, from Old French nés, from Latin nāsus, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s. Compare Italian naso.

ne pas regarder plus loin que le bout de son nez

ne pas voir plus loin que le bout de son nez

se voir comme le nez au milieu de la figure


verge

→ Spanish: verja

Inherited from Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Old French verge, virge, from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of uncertain origin, but probably from a Proto-Indo-European *wisgeh₂ (“flexible rod or stick”). Doublet of vergue.


vin

→ Lao: ແວງ (wǣng)

→ Vietnamese: vang

⇒ du vin

→ Hausa: dùbbân

Louisiana Creole: diven

→ Malagasy: divay
→ Swahili: divai

Inherited from Middle French vin, from Old French vin, from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


virulent

fr-adj

virulent (feminine virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)

virulente (feminine)
virulents (masculine plural)
virulentes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English.


trauma

From the Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).

(medicine) trauma (a localised injury produced by an external action)


pont

Haitian Creole: pon

→ Vietnamese: boong

Inherited from Old French pont, from Latin pontem.


suture

Learned borrowing from Latin sūtūra (“suture”). Compare couture.


dentifrice

Learned borrowing from Latin dentifricium.


merde

→ English: merde

Inherited from Middle French merde, from Old French merde, from Latin merda.

J’ai marché dans une merde de chien.


chier

chier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chiant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
chié (participle past)
chie (first-person indicative present singular)
chies (indicative present second-person singular)
chie (indicative present singular third-person)
chions (first-person indicative plural present)
chiez (indicative plural present second-person)
chient (indicative plural present third-person)
chiais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
chiais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
chiait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
chiions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
chiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
chiaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
chiai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
chias (historic indicative past second-person singular)
chia (historic indicative past singular third-person)
chiâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
chiâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
chièrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
chierai (first-person future indicative singular)
chieras (future indicative second-person singular)
chiera (future indicative singular third-person)
chierons (first-person future indicative plural)
chierez (future indicative plural second-person)
chieront (future indicative plural third-person)
chierais (conditional first-person singular)
chierais (conditional second-person singular)
chierait (conditional singular third-person)
chierions (conditional first-person plural)
chieriez (conditional plural second-person)
chieraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
chie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
chies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
chie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
chiions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
chiiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
chient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
chiasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
chiasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
chiât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
chiassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
chiassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
chiassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
chie (imperative second-person singular)
chions (first-person imperative plural)
chiez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French chier, from Old French, inherited from Latin cacāre, ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root *kakka-. Doublet of caguer.


ovule

From Latin ōvum (“egg”) + -ule (diminutive suffix).

af

Marvin avait avalé 1 kilo de poudre blanche, soit 105 petits ovules plastifiés.


systole

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek συστολή (sustolḗ), from συστέλλω (sustéllō, “to contract”), from σύν (sún, “together”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to send”).


nutriment

Learned borrowing from Latin nūtrīmentum.

lbor

nutrient (something providing nourishment)


infection

→ Turkish: enfeksiyon

From Old French infection, from Late Latin īnfectiōnem.


nourriture

Inherited from Old French norriture, from Latin nūtrītūra (“act of feeding or nourishing”) and remade after the verb nourrir.


uvula

Unadapted borrowing from Late Latin ūvula (“small grape”), diminutive of Latin ūva. Doublet of uvule, another borrowing.


buste

→ Danish: buste

→ Polish: biust

desctree

→ Russian: бюст (bjust)
→ Georgian: ბიუსტი (biusṭi)

Borrowed from Italian busto, from Latin būstum.

Une chaîne en or orne son buste.


lunette

→ Portuguese: luneta

refracting telescope
refracting telescope

(astronomy) telescope (refracting telescope)


fraise

→ Arabic: فَرَّاز (farrāz)

→ Dutch: frees

→ English: fraise

→ German: Fräse

→ Belarusian: фрэ́за (fréza)

→ Czech: fréza, frézka

desc

→ Bulgarian: фре́за (fréza), фрез (frez)

→ Macedonian: фреза (freza)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фре́за

Latin script: fréza

→ Slovak: fréz, fréza, frézka

→ Slovene: frẹ̄za

→ Ukrainian: фре́за (fréza)

⇒ German: Fräser

desctree

⇒ German: Fräsmaschine
→ Bulgarian: фрезмаши́на (frezmašína)
→ Russian: фрезмаши́на (frezmašína)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
→ Cyrillic script: фрезмашина
→ Latin script: frezmašina

→ Polish: frez

→ Portuguese: fresa

→ Romanian: freză

→ Russian: фреза́ (frezá)

→ Spanish: fresa

→ Swedish: fräs

→ Ottoman Turkish: فرازه (freze)
Turkish: freze

Related to fraiser, or possibly from a Vulgar Latin *fresāre, from Latin fresum, past participle of frendō, or from a derived root *fresa. Compare Italian and Spanish fresa.


régime

→ English: regime, régime

→ German: Regime

→ Ottoman Turkish: رژیم (rejim)

Turkish: rejim

→ Persian: رژیم (režim)

→ Urdu: رژیم (režim)

→ Arabic: رجيم (rejim)

→ Romanian: regim

→ Russian: режи́м m (režím), режи́мъ (režím) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: rejim
→ Kazakh: режим (rejim)


overdose

(medicine) overdose (excessive and dangerous dose of a drug)


couronne

Inherited from Old French corone, inherited from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).

(anatomy) corona (circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males)


pastis

Borrowed from Occitan pastis or Old Occitan pastis, pastitz, from Vulgar Latin *pastīcius, from Late Latin pasta. Doublet of pastiche, which was taken from Italian pasticcio. Compare also pâtisser.

(figurative, Provence) mess (difficult situation)


monocle

→ Greek: μονόκλ (monókl)

→ Dutch: monocle

→ English: monocle

From Late Latin monoculus (“one-eyed”), from mono- (“single”) + oculus (“eye”).


typhus

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek; see above.


sonde

→ Catalan: sonda

→ Danish: sonde

→ Dutch: sonde
→ Indonesian: sonde

→ English: sonde

→ German: Sonde
→ Russian: зонд (zond)
→ Kazakh: зонд (zond)

→ Italian: sonda
→ Ottoman Turkish: سونده (sonda), سوندا (sonda)
Turkish: sonda

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sonde

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sonde

→ Portuguese: sonda

→ Spanish: sonda

From Middle French, from Old French sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound.


syndrome

Learned borrowing from New Latin syndrome, from Ancient Greek συνδρομή (sundromḗ).


jaja

Bref un matin il fait son tour et moi je me réveille pas — c’est pour ça que j’aime pas la jaja, j’aurais pas bu la veille, je l’aurais senti se lever.

2015 January, Virginie Despentes, Vernon Subutex, volume 1, Éditions Grasset, →ISBN:


eau-de-vie

→ English: eau de vie

Calque of Medieval Latin aqua vītae (literally “water of life”).


tête

[tɛɪ̯tʰ]

Inherited from Middle French teste, from Old French teste, from Latin testa (“pot, jug, brick”). Replaced French chef (from Latin caput), which is still used in some expressions.

Ce type-là, c’est une tête

That guy is bright (literally, “That guy, he's a head”)

(colloquial) a bright spark, a quick study


cas

Inherited from Old French cas, borrowed from Latin cāsus.


moule

Inherited from Old French moule, from Vulgar Latin *mŭsclus, from Latin mūsculus. Doublet of muscle.


articulation

→ Turkish: artikülasyon

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō. By surface analysis, articuler + -ation.

lbor

(anatomy) joint (joint with freedom to rotate)


oreille

Mauritian Creole: zorey

desc

Réunion Creole French: zoreilles, z'oreilles, zorey

French: zoreille, zorey

desctree

Saint Dominican Creole French: z'oreille
Haitian Creole: zòrèy

Seychellois Creole: zorey

→ Esperanto: orelo

Inherited from Middle French oreille, from Old French oreille, from Vulgar Latin oricla, from Latin auricula, diminutive of auris, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws. Cognate with Catalan and Galician orella; Portuguese orelha; Italian orecchio; Occitan aurelha; Romanian ureche; and Spanish oreja. Compare zoreille, zorey.

chien hargneux a toujours l’oreille déchirée

rentrer par une oreille et ressortir par l’autre


ganglion

→ Romanian: ganglion

→ Turkish: gangliyon


phalange

Borrowed from either Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx) or Latin phalangem. Doublet of palanque and palanche. See also the related planche.


calorie

→ Romanian: calorie

→ Turkish: kalori

1845, formed from Latin calor + -ie. Cf. also French chaleur.


coccyx

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόκκυξ (kókkux).


monaco

a cocktail made of beer mixed with grenadine syrup


auge

From Latin alveus; according to the TLFi etymological dictionary, it was a (very early) borrowing.

(anatomy) intermandibular region (of a horse or other mammal)


conception

Inherited from Old French conception, concepcion, borrowed from Latin conceptiōnem (“comprehension, understanding”).


kir breton

a cocktail made with a measure of crème de cassis topped up with cider


rectum

Borrowed from Latin rectum (intestīnum) (“straight intestine”).


champagne

→ Catalan: xampany

→ Dutch: champagne

→ English: champagne

→ Korean: 샴페인 (syampein)

→ German: Champagner

→ Greek: σαμπάνια (sampánia)

→ Italian: champagne

desc

→ Norwegian Bokmål: champagne, sjampanje

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: champagne, sjampanje

→ Polish: szampan

→ Portuguese: champanhe, champanha, champagne

→ Spanish: champaña, champán

→ Swedish: champagne

From the region Champagne, from Late Latin campānia (in this case, Campania Remensis specifically), from campāneus, from Latin campus.

(countable, uncountable, non-European French, informal) sparkling wine, generic champagne


ACE

(medicine) Acronym of antigène carcino-embryonnaire (“carcinoembryonic antigen”): CEA


caca

Pipi, caca, popo : histoire anecdotique de la scatologie.

(childish) poo (childish word for excrement)


anisette

→ English: anisette

→ German: Anisette

→ Italian: anisetta

→ Portuguese: anisete, aniseta

→ Romanian: aniset

→ Spanish: anisete


anticoagulant

fr-adj

anticoagulant (feminine anticoagulante, masculine plural anticoagulants, feminine plural anticoagulantes)

anticoagulante (feminine)
anticoagulants (masculine plural)
anticoagulantes (feminine plural)

(medicine) anticoagulant, anticoagulating (that prevents coagulation, that stops blood from clotting)


anticoagulant

(medicine) anticoagulant (substance that prevents coagulation, that stops blood from clotting)


tampon

English: tampon

Persian: تامپون (tâmpon)

German: Tampon

Dutch: tampon

Italian: tampone

Japanese: タンポン (tanpon)

Korean: 탐폰 (tampon)

Portuguese: tampão

Russian: тампо́н (tampón)

Spanish: tampón

Nasalized variant of tapon, from Frankish *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”), cognate with Dutch tappe, German Zapfen, Old English tæppa, English tap.

Il monta chercher dans sa chambre, au premier étage, un petit tampon d’ouate; puis, comme le sang était sec et collait à la porcelaine, il humecta légèrement le coton avant de frotter.

1932, Jules Romains, Hommes de bonne volonté:

He went up to his room on the first floor to look for a small ball of cotton wool; then, since the blood was dry and stuck to the porcelain, he moistened the cotton slightly before rubbing.


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus. Doublet of sein.


talon

→ Portuguese: talão

From Old French talon (“heel, spur”). Cognate with Italian tallone.

heel (of footwear) (especially high heel)


épaule

Inherited from Middle French espaule, from Old French espalle, from Vulgar Latin *spatla, from Late Latin spathula (“flat, broad piece”), diminutive of Latin spatha (“straight sword”) (whence French épée (“sword”)). Doublet of spatule, which was a borrowing.


sphincter

Borrowed from Late Latin sphinctēr (“the muscle of the anus”), from Ancient Greek σφῐγκτήρ (sphĭnktḗr, “lace, band; contractile muscle”).


MAO

monoamine oxydase
monoamine oxydase#French

(biochemistry) initialism of monoamine oxydase; monoamine oxidase


bidet

→ Greek: μπιντές (bintés)

→ Polish: bidet

→ Portuguese: bidê, bidé (Portugal)

→ Persian: بیده (bide)

→ English: bidet (see there for further descendants)

From Middle French bider (“to trot”), of unknown ultimate origin, + -et. Possibly related to Medieval Italian bidetto (“small horse”), itself probably related to Proto-West Germanic *biti (“bite; horse's bit”); or, possibly from a lost Middle French rabider (“go quickly, violently”), a descendant of Latin rabidus (“furious, fierce”), with loss of the initial prefix.
Modern sense derives from analogy with the straddling of a bidet and the straddling of a small horse.

unk

unknown


blanquette

Borrowed from Provençal blanqueto, a diminutive of blanc (“white”), derived, through early Medieval Latin blancus, from Frankish *blank (“gleaming, white, blinding”), from Proto-Germanic *blankaz (“white, bright, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhleg- (“to shine”). Equivalent to blanc (“white”) + -ette (feminine diminutive suffix). Doublet of blanchette.

af

(countable or uncountable) sparkling white wine from Languedoc made from white grapes of the "mauzac" variety


spinal

fr-adj

spinal (feminine spinale, masculine plural spinaux, feminine plural spinales)

spinale (feminine)
spinaux (masculine plural)
spinales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis, from Latin spīna.


diastole

→ Dutch: diastole

Borrowed from Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”).


pince-nez

→ Catalan: pinçanàs (calque)

→ Russian: пенсне́ n (pensnɛ́)

→ Swedish: pincené c


planer

planer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
planant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
plané (participle past)
plane (first-person indicative present singular)
planes (indicative present second-person singular)
plane (indicative present singular third-person)
planons (first-person indicative plural present)
planez (indicative plural present second-person)
planent (indicative plural present third-person)
planais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
planais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
planait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
planions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
planiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
planaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
planai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
planas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
plana (historic indicative past singular third-person)
planâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
planâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
planèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
planerai (first-person future indicative singular)
planeras (future indicative second-person singular)
planera (future indicative singular third-person)
planerons (first-person future indicative plural)
planerez (future indicative plural second-person)
planeront (future indicative plural third-person)
planerais (conditional first-person singular)
planerais (conditional second-person singular)
planerait (conditional singular third-person)
planerions (conditional first-person plural)
planeriez (conditional plural second-person)
planeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
plane (first-person present singular subjunctive)
planes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
plane (present singular subjunctive third-person)
planions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
planiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
planent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
planasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
planasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
planât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
planassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
planassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
planassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
plane (imperative second-person singular)
planons (first-person imperative plural)
planez (imperative plural second-person)

en planant

(slang) to be going well; to run smoothly


peau

Inherited from Middle French peau, from Old French pel, from Latin pellem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”).

der

il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l’ours avant de l’avoir tué

skin formed on top of certain prepared foods


MSF

(medicine) Initialism of Médecins Sans Frontières. (Doctors Without Borders)


menton

→ English: menton

→ Esperanto: mentono
Ido: mentono

→ Spanish: mentón

Inherited from Old French menton, mentun, from Vulgar Latin *mentō (accusative *mentōnem), from Classical Latin mentum. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to project”). Compare Occitan menton, Catalan mentó, Romansch mintun.

On put remarquer qu’il avait des petits yeux en amande, et qu’un pli vertical faisait de son menton un derrière de bébé.

One could note that he had little almond eyes, and that a vertical line made his chin the bottom of a baby.

Il avait des yeux noirs perçants qui souriaient volontiers, l’air droit et intelligent, un grand front, des pommettes saillantes – mais pas de menton, ce qui eût dû rassurer les puissants, s’il est vrai que le menton proéminent est le signe des fermes volontés.

1934, Jean Guéhenno, Journal d’un homme de 40 ans, Grasset:

He had piercing black eyes that smiled easily, a proper and intelligent look, a large forehead, prominent cheekbones—but no chin, which must have reassured the powerful men, if it is true that a prominent chin is a sign of a firm will.


froid

Mauritian Creole: frwa

Inherited from Old French froit, freid, inherited from Latin frīgidus (“cold”) (through a syncopated Vulgar Latin or Late Latin form frigdus, fricdus, attested in the Appendix Probi, or fridus, on a Pompeian inscription). Doublet of frigide, a later borrowing.


quadriceps

Borrowed from Latin quadriceps, from quadri- + -ceps.


incision

First known attestation 1314 in the French translation of Chirurgie by Henri de Mondeville. Learned borrowing from Latin incisiōnem.


sanatorium

From Latin sānātus, past participle of sānō (“to cure, to heal”).


thalamus

→ Persian: تالاموس (tâlâmus)

Borrowed from New Latin, from Latin thalamus, from Ancient Greek θάλαμος (thálamos).


lumbago

Firmin souffrait d’un lumbago; il ne pouvait plus «mouveter», le pauvre !

Firmin had lumbago; he could no longer move a muscle, poor man!

(pathology) lumbago (pain in the lower back)


bras

desctree

→ Russian: бра (bra)
→ Georgian: ბრა (bra)

Inherited from Middle French bras, from Old French bras, from Latin brachium, bracchium, from Ancient Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn). Displaced Old French feminine noun brace, ultimately from the same Latin and Ancient Greek roots.


amputation

→ Romanian: amputație

→ Turkish: ampütasyon


postprandial

fr-adj

postprandial (feminine postprandiale, masculine plural postprandiaux, feminine plural postprandiales)

postprandiale (feminine)
postprandiaux (masculine plural)
postprandiales (feminine plural)


aileron

→ Dutch: aileron

→ English: aileron

→ Portuguese: ailerão

→ Spanish: alerón

(anatomy) flipper (of penguins and other animals)


cognac

→ Czech: koňak m

desc

→ German: Kognak, Cognac (now more common)

→ Spanish: coñac m

→ Polish: koniak m

→ Russian: конья́к m (konʹják)


coitus interruptus

From Latin coitus (“sexual intercourse”) + interruptus (“interrupted, cut short”), the perfect passive participle of interrumpo (“to interrupt, to cut short”).

coitus interruptus
coitus interruptus#English


sida

Acronym of syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise; AIDS


savon

→ Hebrew: סבון (sabón)

→ Malagasy: savony

→ Koyraboro Senni: saafun

→ Vietnamese: xà phòng, xà bông

→ Tai Dam: ꪎꪱꪡ꫁ꪮꪉ

→ Tai Dam: ꪎꪱꪡ꫁ꪮꪉ

→ Wolof: saabu

→ Zarma: saafun

Inherited from Middle French savon, from Old French savon (“soap”), from Latin sāpōnem (“soap”), from Proto-Germanic *saipǭ (“soap”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyb- (“to pour out, drip, strain, trickle”). Cognate with Old English sāpe (“soap”). More at soap.


bandage

→ Danish: bandage

→ Dutch: bandage

→ English: bandage

→ Esperanto: bandaĝo

→ German: Bandage

→ Norwegian Bokmål: bandasje

→ Polish: bandaż

→ Swedish: bandage

→ Persian: بانداژ (bândâž)

→ Turkish: bandaj


prescription

Inherited from Old French prescripcion, itself borrowed from Latin praescrīptiō.

(medicine) prescription (written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses)


Dubonnet

a French bittersweet red aperitif (of which a drier white version is also available)


vermifuge

From Latin vermis (“worm”) + fugāre (“to cause to flee”).


petit mal

→ Danish: petit mal

→ English: petit mal

Coordinate term: grand mal


sourcil

Inherited from Middle French sourcil, from Old French sourcil, sorcil, inherited from Latin supercilium. "sour-" is an older form of sur (over, above) while "cil" means "eyelash" in French. Thus, "sourcil" literally means "above eyelash."


caudal

fr-adj

caudal (feminine caudale, masculine plural caudaux, feminine plural caudales)

caudale (feminine)
caudaux (masculine plural)
caudales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin caudālis, from cauda. See also queue.


lumière

Inherited from Middle French lumiere f, from Old French lumiere f, from Late Latin lūmināria f (“light”), neuter plural of lūmināre n (“star”) become feminine, ultimately from Latin lūmen n. Doublet of luminaire m.
Compare Occitan lumenaria f and Italian luminaria f.


taille

→ Danish: talje

→ Russian: та́лия (tálija)

Inherited from Old French taille, from Latin talea (“a cutting”). Compare Italian taglia, Catalan talla.

a direct tax levied during the Ancien Régime; tallage


nosocomial

nosocomial (feminine nosocomiale, masculine plural nosocomiaux, feminine plural nosocomiales)

nosocomiale (feminine)
nosocomiaux (masculine plural)
nosocomiales (feminine plural)

From Late Latin nosocomīum (“hospital”) + -al, from Ancient Greek νοσοκομεῖον (nosokomeîon).

af

(medicine) nosocomial (arising from hospital treatment)


incurable

Learned borrowing from Late Latin incūrābilis. By surface analysis, in- + curable.


cheveu

Inherited from Middle French cheveu, from Old French cheveu, from Latin capillus. See there for more details.


foie

Inherited from Old French foie, feie, from Late Latin fīcātum (“liver (as food)”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver, foie gras”). The French form goes back to a byform ficatum with a short accented -i- (whence Italian fegato), which was then metathesised to *fitacum. The last also underlies in Catalan fetge.


waters

Avez-vous vu Pierre ? Oui, il est aux waters !

Have you seen Pierre? Yes, he's in the toilet!


bourse

→ English: bourse

→ Persian: بورس (burs)

→ Romanian: bursă

→ Turkish: burs

Inherited from Old French borse, from Medieval Latin, Late Latin bursa, from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide”).

Les testicules [...] sont suspendus au-dessous du bassin dans une espèce de bourse ou de scrotum [...]

1805, Georges Cuvier, Les organes de la génération:

The testicles … are hanging below the pelvis in a sort of purse or scrotum …

(anatomy)
(generally in the plural) the scrotum

Ça remonte à quand, la dernière fois que tu t’es vidé les bourses ?

When was the last time you emptied your balls?


gros

→ Catalan: gro

→ English: gross

→ Spanish: gro

Inherited from Old French gros, from Latin grossus, possibly ultimately of Germanic origin.


sperme

→ Persian: اسپرم (esperm)

Borrowed from Latin sperma, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma).


vaginal

fr-adj

vaginal (feminine vaginale, masculine plural vaginaux, feminine plural vaginales)

vaginale (feminine)
vaginaux (masculine plural)
vaginales (feminine plural)

→ Dutch: vaginaal

Les sécrétions vaginales, quand elles ont une consistance mucilagineuse adéquate, favorisent la pénétration et les mouvements du pénis ou de l’objet pénétrant dans le vagin et facilitent le plaisir sexuel.

Vaginal secretions have a mucilaginous consistency that eases the penetration and movement of the penis or the penetrating object into and inside the vagina (thus) facilitating (female) sexual pleasure.


incontinent

incontinent (feminine incontinente, masculine plural incontinents, feminine plural incontinentes)

incontinente (feminine)
incontinents (masculine plural)
incontinentes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French incontinent, borrowed from Latin incontinentem, from in + continens.

inh+

(medicine) incontinent, suffering from incontinence, enuretic


boulet

From Middle French boulet, corresponding to boule + -et.


nichon

From nicher (“nestle”) + -on (because the breasts nestle in the blouse, or perhaps because the infant nestles against the breast).


macule

Borrowed from Latin macula. Doublet of maille, which was inherited.

(rare and literary or sciences, astronomy, medicine, zoology) stain


derrière

Inherited from Old French deriere, from Late Latin dē retrō, from Latin dē + retrō. Cognate with Italian dietro.

Coordinate term: devant

Va derrière moi.

Je me demande qui est derrière tout ça.

I wonder who is at the bottom of all this.

at the bottom of, behind (covertly responsible for)


derrière

Coordinate term: devant

Il était loin derrière.


derrière

Haitian Creole: dèyè


vagal

fr-adj

vagal (feminine vagale, masculine plural vagaux, feminine plural vagales)

vagale (feminine)
vagaux (masculine plural)
vagales (feminine plural)


thrombocyte

(hematology, cytology) platelet, thrombocyte


engouement

From engouer (“to become passionate about”) + -ment.


-ite

Borrowed from Latin -ītēs, from Ancient Greek -ίτης (-ítēs).

alvéole (“alveolus”) + -ite → alvéolite (“alveolitis”)


coronavirus

Les pays du G7 vont se concerter pour apporter une réponse face au nouveau coronavirus apparu en Chine, a annoncé dimanche le ministre allemand de la santé, dont le pays est le plus touché au sein de l’Union européenne avec 10 personnes contaminées.

2020 February 3, Isabelle Mandraud, “Partout en Europe, la peur du coronavirus s’installe”, in Le Monde:

The G7 countries will work together to respond to the novel coronavirus which has appeared in China, the German health minister announced on Sunday. His country is the most affected in the European Union, with 10 people infected.


capitation

Learned borrowing from Latin capitātiōnem.


implant

Turkish: implant


scalpel

Learned borrowing from Latin scalpellum.


coronal

fr-adj

coronal (feminine coronale, masculine plural coronaux, feminine plural coronales)

coronale (feminine)
coronaux (masculine plural)
coronales (feminine plural)

From Latin corōnālis, from corōna (“a crown”).

(anatomy, astronomy, botany, phonetics) coronal


tympan

Borrowed from Latin tympanum. Doublet of timbre, which was inherited.


Tylenol

(North America, pharmacology) Tylenol; a marketed variety of acetaminophen (“paracetamol”)


rotule

ball-and-socket joint
ball-and-socket joint


paume

Inherited from Middle French paulme, from Old French paume, paulme, from Latin palma, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂. Compare palme (“palm tree”), a borrowed doublet.


garrot

desctree

→ Spanish: garrote
→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: caroti

From Provençal garra (“leg”) (see jarret) + the suffix -ot.


sain

fr-adj

sain (feminine saine, masculine plural sains, feminine plural saines)

saine (feminine)
sains (masculine plural)
saines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French sain, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).


empoisonnement

fr-noun

empoisonnement m (plural empoisonnements)

empoisonnement au monoxyde de carbone


narine

Inherited from Old French narine, from Vulgar Latin *narina, from Latin nāris.


bec

→ Portuguese: beque

Inherited from Old French bec, from Latin beccus (“beak”), from Gaulish *beccos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos.


chianti

Borrowed from Italian chianti, after Chianti, its area of production. Through Latin from the Etruscan 𐌂𐌋𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌄 (clante).


amaretto

Borrowed from Italian amaretto, from amaro (“bitter”) (from Latin amārus) + diminutive ending -etto.


pyridoxine

(biochemistry) pyridoxine (a derivative of pyridine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, found in fish, liver, cereals and yeast, and essential for the metabolism of amino acids and starch)


cou-de-pied

→ Greek: κουντεπιέ (kountepié)


intestin grêle

intestin grêle m (plural intestins grêles)

/ɛ̃.tɛs.tɛ̃ ɡʁɛl/


œsophage

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos).


squelette

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسكلت (iskelet)
Turkish: iskelet

→ Persian: اسکلت (eskelet)

→ Romanian: schelet

From Middle French scelette, a learned borrowing from Latin sceletus, from Ancient Greek σκελετός (skeletós, “dried up, withered, dried body, parched, mummy”).


intestin

→ Romanian: intestin n

Inherited from Middle French intestin m (first attested in the 15th c.), learned borrowing from Latin intestīnum n.

lbor

gros intestin

intestin grêle


pénis

Holonym: body

Meronyms: corps caverneux, corps spongieux, frein, gland, prépuce; see also Thesaurus:pénis


nombril

Inherited from Middle French nombril, from Old French nonbril, from Vulgar Latin *umbilīculus (compare Occitan embonilh), from Latin umbilīcus. The initial n is probably due to an interference from possessive determiners: Old French mun onbril (“my navel”) → mun nonbril (i.e. a rebracketing). Compare the development of Catalan llombrígol, Romanian buric. Doublet of ombilic, a borrowing.


poitrine

Inherited from Old French poitrine, peitrine, from Vulgar Latin *pectorīna, derived from Latin pectus. Gradually replaced pis, now meaning udder. Cognate with Spanish pretina (“waistband”).

inh+

bomber la poitrine

Il a la poitrine velue.


doigt

Haitian Creole: dwèt

Inherited from Middle French doigt, doit, from Old French doit, doi, from Latin digitus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyǵ- (“to show, point out, pronounce solemnly”). The -g- was added to the spelling in Middle French after the Latin form and in order to distinguish from the verb form doit.

der

Je vais me tremper les doigts de pied.

deux doigts de whiskey


poing

Inherited from Middle French poing (“fist”), from Old French poing (“hand”), from Latin pugnus, from Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, *puḱnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).


poumon

Inherited from Old French poumon, pulmun, inherited from Latin pulmōnem (“lung”), from Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō.


calcul

→ German: Kalkül
→ Czech: kalkul

→ Romanian: calcul

→ Swedish: kalkyl

calcul biliaire

calcul rénal

(medicine) calculus, stone (stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ)


épi

Inherited from Old French espi, from Latin spīcum, one of the variants of spīca. Doublet of aspic.

(Louisiana, Cajun, in the plural) vegetables


étrier

→ English: étrier

→ Romanian: etrier

Inherited from Middle French estrier, from Old French estrief, estreu (“a ring hanging on each side of the saddle supporting a rider's foot”), from Frankish *streup (“buckle, stirrup”), perhaps for Frankish *stigareip (“stirrup”). Compare Old High German stegareif (“stirrup”), Middle Dutch stegerep (“stirrup”), Old English stīrāp, stiġrāp (“stirrup”), Old Norse stigreip (“stirrup”). See also étrivière. More at stirrup.


aiguille

Inherited from Old French aguille, from Late Latin acūcula, diminutive of Latin acus (“needle”). Perhaps influenced phonetically by aiguiser. Compare Occitan agulha.

aiguille à tricoter

de fil en aiguille

chercher une aiguille dans une botte de foin

talon aiguille


fièvre

Inherited from Middle French fievre, from Old French fievre, from Latin febris.


minauder

minauder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
minaudant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
minaudé (participle past)
minaude (first-person indicative present singular)
minaudes (indicative present second-person singular)
minaude (indicative present singular third-person)
minaudons (first-person indicative plural present)
minaudez (indicative plural present second-person)
minaudent (indicative plural present third-person)
minaudais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
minaudais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
minaudait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
minaudions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
minaudiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
minaudaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
minaudai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
minaudas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
minauda (historic indicative past singular third-person)
minaudâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
minaudâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
minaudèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
minauderai (first-person future indicative singular)
minauderas (future indicative second-person singular)
minaudera (future indicative singular third-person)
minauderons (first-person future indicative plural)
minauderez (future indicative plural second-person)
minauderont (future indicative plural third-person)
minauderais (conditional first-person singular)
minauderais (conditional second-person singular)
minauderait (conditional singular third-person)
minauderions (conditional first-person plural)
minauderiez (conditional plural second-person)
minauderaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
minaude (first-person present singular subjunctive)
minaudes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
minaude (present singular subjunctive third-person)
minaudions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
minaudiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
minaudent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
minaudasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
minaudasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
minaudât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
minaudassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
minaudassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
minaudassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
minaude (imperative second-person singular)
minaudons (first-person imperative plural)
minaudez (imperative plural second-person)

Borrowed from Norman [Term?], from mine, from Breton min (“beak, muzzle”).


peste

Learned borrowing from Latin pestis (“plague; pest”).


sourire

Inherited from Middle French soubrire (silent b), from Old French sorrirre, from Vulgar Latin *subrīdĕre, from Latin subrīdēre.


sourire

sourire (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
souriant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
souri (participle past)
souris (first-person indicative present singular)
souris (indicative present second-person singular)
sourit (indicative present singular third-person)
sourions (first-person indicative plural present)
souriez (indicative plural present second-person)
sourient (indicative plural present third-person)
souriais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
souriais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
souriait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
souriions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
souriiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
souriaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
souris (first-person historic indicative past singular)
souris (historic indicative past second-person singular)
sourit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
sourîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
sourîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
sourirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
sourirai (first-person future indicative singular)
souriras (future indicative second-person singular)
sourira (future indicative singular third-person)
sourirons (first-person future indicative plural)
sourirez (future indicative plural second-person)
souriront (future indicative plural third-person)
sourirais (conditional first-person singular)
sourirais (conditional second-person singular)
sourirait (conditional singular third-person)
souririons (conditional first-person plural)
souririez (conditional plural second-person)
souriraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
sourie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
souries (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sourie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
souriions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
souriiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sourient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sourisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sourisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sourît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sourissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sourissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sourissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
souris (imperative second-person singular)
sourions (first-person imperative plural)
souriez (imperative plural second-person)

le beurre, l’argent du beurre et le sourire de la crémière


maillot

→ Catalan: mallot

→ Dutch: maillot

→ English: maillot

→ Greek: μαγιό (magió)

Haitian Creole: mayo

→ Hijazi Arabic: مايوه (māyō)

→ Portuguese: maiô

→ Romanian: maiou, maieu

→ Spanish: maillot

→ Turkish: mayo

→ Vietnamese: áo may ô, may ô

Se faire épiler le maillot.


vagin

→ Persian: واژن (vâžan)

→ Romanian: vagin

Borrowed from Latin vāgīna. Compare the inherited doublet gaine. Compare also gouine, which may be borrowed from Breton gouin, itself ultimately borrowed from the Latin. .


cracher

cracher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
crachant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
craché (participle past)
crache (first-person indicative present singular)
craches (indicative present second-person singular)
crache (indicative present singular third-person)
crachons (first-person indicative plural present)
crachez (indicative plural present second-person)
crachent (indicative plural present third-person)
crachais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
crachais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
crachait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
crachions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
crachiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
crachaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
crachai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
crachas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
cracha (historic indicative past singular third-person)
crachâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
crachâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
crachèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
cracherai (first-person future indicative singular)
cracheras (future indicative second-person singular)
crachera (future indicative singular third-person)
cracherons (first-person future indicative plural)
cracherez (future indicative plural second-person)
cracheront (future indicative plural third-person)
cracherais (conditional first-person singular)
cracherais (conditional second-person singular)
cracherait (conditional singular third-person)
cracherions (conditional first-person plural)
cracheriez (conditional plural second-person)
cracheraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
crache (first-person present singular subjunctive)
craches (present second-person singular subjunctive)
crache (present singular subjunctive third-person)
crachions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
crachiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
crachent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
crachasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
crachasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
crachât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
crachassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
crachassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
crachassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
crache (imperative second-person singular)
crachons (first-person imperative plural)
crachez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French cracher, from Old French crachier (“to eject from the mouth”), from Vulgar Latin *craccare, of imitative origin, possibly via Frankish *hrākijan or *hrakkjan; compare Old High German hrahhan, hrahhjan (“to spew, spit”), Proto-Germanic *hrēkijaną (“to spit, retch, vomit”) and *krakōną (“to make a cracking sound”). See also Old English hrǣċan (“to retch, cough up, spit”), Old Norse hrǽkja (“to hawk, spit”), Old High German rachisōn (“to clear one's throat, spit”), Old High German hrahho (“throat, gorge”), Lithuanian kregeti (“dry heave, grunt”).


herbe

Inherited from Old French erbe, herbe, from Latin herba, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreH₁- (“to grow, become green”).

der

l’herbe est toujours plus verte ailleurs

l’herbe est toujours plus verte dans le pré du voisin

(colloquial) weed; marijuana; ganja; cannabis


obnubilation

Inherited from the Middle French obnubilation.

(medicine, obsolete) perception of objects as if seen through a cloud, dazzlement, obnubilation

vertige

(medicine) a disorder of consciousness characterised by slowed and obscured thought, obnubilation


côte

Inherited from Middle French coste, from Old French coste, from Latin costa, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-.


chanvre

Inherited from Old French chanvre, chenvre, inherited from Late Latin canava, canapus, altered form of the Classical Latin cannabis, a borrowing from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis). Doublet of cannabis, which was a later borrowing from Latin.


rouquin

fr-adj

rouquin (feminine rouquine, masculine plural rouquins, feminine plural rouquines)

rouquine (feminine)
rouquins (masculine plural)
rouquines (feminine plural)


rouquin

fr-noun

rouquin m (plural rouquins, feminine rouquine)


collet

→ Portuguese: colete

Inherited from Middle French collet. By surface analysis, col + -et.


aisselle

Inherited from Old French aisele, inherited from Vulgar Latin *axella, Late Latin ascella, from Latin axilla.


hanche

From Old French, from Proto-Germanic *hanka. Replaced Latin coxa (“hip”), which was retained in French as cuisse (“thigh”). Compare English haunch.


gencive

Inherited from Old French [Term?] (compare 11th-century Judeo-French jencives, 12th-century Walloon genchives), from Latin gingīva (with dissimilation of the second -g-), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-.


purger

purger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
purgeant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
purgé (participle past)
purge (first-person indicative present singular)
purges (indicative present second-person singular)
purge (indicative present singular third-person)
purgeons (first-person indicative plural present)
purgez (indicative plural present second-person)
purgent (indicative plural present third-person)
purgeais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
purgeais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
purgeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
purgions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
purgiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
purgeaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
purgeai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
purgeas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
purgea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
purgeâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
purgeâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
purgèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
purgerai (first-person future indicative singular)
purgeras (future indicative second-person singular)
purgera (future indicative singular third-person)
purgerons (first-person future indicative plural)
purgerez (future indicative plural second-person)
purgeront (future indicative plural third-person)
purgerais (conditional first-person singular)
purgerais (conditional second-person singular)
purgerait (conditional singular third-person)
purgerions (conditional first-person plural)
purgeriez (conditional plural second-person)
purgeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
purge (first-person present singular subjunctive)
purges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
purge (present singular subjunctive third-person)
purgions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
purgiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
purgent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
purgeasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
purgeasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
purgeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
purgeassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
purgeassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
purgeassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
purge (imperative second-person singular)
purgeons (first-person imperative plural)
purgez (imperative plural second-person)


ongle

Haitian Creole: zong

Mauritian Creole: zong

Inherited from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *ungla, syncopated form of Latin ungula, from unguis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ-.


pouce

Inherited from Old French pouce, pouz, peuce, from Latin pollicem.


cerveau

Inherited from Middle French cerveau, cervel, from Old French cervel, from Latin cerebellum, diminutive of cerebrum, from Proto-Italic *kerazrom, from a Proto-Indo-European form *ḱerh₂-s-ro, from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head”).


lèvre

Inherited from Middle French lévre, from Old French levre, earlier lavras (plural) (ca. 980), from Vulgar Latin labra, originally a neuter plural of Latin labrum, from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang down, droop”). An Old and Middle French variant, leffre, may have blended with Old High German leffur (“lip”).


coude

Haitian Creole: koud

Inherited from Old French code, cote, coute, cute, inherited from Latin cubitum, cubitus. Doublet of cubitus.


cuisse

Haitian Creole: kwis

→ English: cuish, cuisse, quish

Inherited from Old French cuisse, quisse, from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin coxa (“thigh”), from Latin coxa (“hip”). Compare hanche.


crise

→ Romanian: criză

→ Turkish: kriz
→ Laz: კრიზი (ǩrizi)

Borrowed from Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis).


étron

Inherited from Middle French étront, from Old French estront, from Late Latin struntus, borrowed from Frankish *strunt, from Proto-Germanic *strunt- (“stump”), from *strent- (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“stiff”). Compare Dutch stront (“feces, turd”), West Frisian stront, English strunt (“tail”), Middle High German strunze (“stump”), Italian stronzo, Luxembourgish strëllchen, dialectal Swedish strunt (“a bud, sprout, offshoot”).

cog

Il se fait foutre et fouetter alternativement par deux hommes, pendant qu’il encule un jeune garçon et qu’un vieux lui fait dans sa bouche un étron qu’il mange.

1785, Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, Les 120 journées de Sodome, ou l'École du libertinage:

He got fucked and whipped in turn by two men, while he buggered a young boy and an old man did a turd in his mouth, which he ate.


stade

→ Turkish: stat

From Latin stadium, from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion), neuter form of στάδιος (stádios, “stable, firm”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to be standing”).

der

un stade avancé d’une maladie


tibial

fr-adj

tibial (feminine tibiale, masculine plural tibiaux, feminine plural tibiales)

tibiale (feminine)
tibiaux (masculine plural)
tibiales (feminine plural)


disque

→ English: disc

→ Norman: disque

→ Persian: دیسک (disk)

→ Romanian: disc

→ Turkish: disk

Borrowed from Latin discus. Doublet of dais, which was inherited from Old French deis, dois.

disc (any flat or nearly flat circular object)


acidose

(pathology) acidosis (an abnormally increased acidity of the blood)


bandeau

→ English: bandeau

From Old French bandel (from bande + -el).


carpe

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós).


sueur

Inherited from Old French suor, suur, from Latin sūdor, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd-.

Être poète, c’est trouver parfumée la sueur de la femme qu’on aime.

1972, Henri Vincenot, Le Pape des escargots [The Pope of the Snails], page 290:

To be a poet is to consider as perfumed the sweat of the woman he loves.


assemblage

(viticulture) cuvée (wine produced from a mixture of several grape varieties)


selle

Inherited from Middle French selle, from Old French sele, from Latin sella, from Proto-Italic *sedlā, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-.

(metonymically, chiefly in the plural) excrement (human or animal)


carie

(dentistry) decay (uncountable), cavity (countable) (process or result of bone or teeth being gradually decomposed)


moue

Inherited from Middle French moue, from Old French moe (“grimace”), from Frankish *mauwa (“pout, protruding lip”). Akin to Middle Dutch mouwe (“protruding lip”).

der

– Et mon cœur ? Elle m’a souri et s’est penchée au-dessus de la table. — Il n’est pas déglingué, ton cœur ? elle a répondu avec une petite moue qui doute.

1999, Anna Gavalda, “Ambre”, in Je voudrais que quelqu'un m'attende quelque part, →ISBN:

‘What about my heart?’ She smiled at me and leant over the table. ‘Isn't your heart worn out?’ she replied, with a little doubtful pout.


petit juif

From petit (“small”) + juif (“Jew”). Allegedly the expression came from the time when most cloth merchants in France were Jewish, and would regularly hurt their arm on that spot against a bench while measuring fabric by wrapping it around an arm as an 'anthropomorphic' length measure, the aulne (compare ell).


miroir

Inherited from Middle French miroir m, Old French mireor m. Equivalent to mirer + -oir.


fourche

fourché

→ English: fourche, fourchee

Inherited from Old French furche, forche, from Latin furca (“pitchfork”).


hippocampe

Learned borrowing from Latin hippocampus, from Ancient Greek ἱππόκαμπος (hippókampos), from ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + κάμπος (kámpos, “sea-monster”).


fourchette sternale

fr-noun

fourchette sternale f (plural fourchettes sternales)


phimosis

From Ancient Greek φίμωσις (phímōsis, “muzzling”).


aine

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *inguinem, a masculine form of the Classical Latin neuter noun inguen.


théisme

(uncountable, pathology) theism (“a morbid condition resulting from excessive consumption of tea”)


quint

fr-adj

quint (feminine quinte, masculine plural quints, feminine plural quintes)

quinte (feminine)
quints (masculine plural)
quintes (feminine plural)

la fièvre quinte

(archaic, medicine) occurring at an interval of five days


règle

→ Persian: رگل (regl)

Inherited from Middle French regle, from Late Old French regle (13th c.), borrowed from Latin regula. Displaced the earlier borrowing Old French riule, reule (whence English rule). Compare also the inherited Old French reille (whence English rail). Doublet of rail, reille, rigole, and rille.


sternal

fr-adj

sternal (feminine sternale, masculine plural sternaux, feminine plural sternales)

sternale (feminine)
sternaux (masculine plural)
sternales (feminine plural)


pinte

From Vulgar Latin *pincta (“mark used to indicate level on vessels”), from Latin pictus (“painted”), from Latin pingō (“paint”, verb).

der

(Canada) a French-Canadian term for an Imperial quart, equal to ¹⁄₄ of an Imperial gallon, 2 Imperial pints, 40 Imperial ounces or 1.136 liters


guérison

From Middle French, from Old French garison (“healing”), guarir (“to defend, protect, give health to”), from Frankish *warjan (“to defend, protect”), from Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to defend, guard”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)werwǝ-, *wrū- (“to cover, defend, guard”). Cognate with Old High German werien (“to defend, protect”), Old English werian (“to guard, keep, defend”).


chignon

Spelled chaengnon around the 12th century with the meaning of nape; same Latin root as chaîne, i.e. catēna, perhaps via reconstructed Vulgar Latin *catēniōnem. The evolution of the meaning from “chain” to “nape” is unclear: a chain of bones (see Czech páteř for a similar evolution) or metonymical, where a chain would rest (see col, collier).
The modern sense dates back from the middle of the 18th century and might have been influenced by the sound proximity of tignon, from tignasse.
The expression chignon de pain is a local, dialectal pronunciation of quignon de pain (“loaf of bread”). Note that, although not taken into consideration by the TLFi (see reference below), quignon could also be the etymon of chignon, considering that the same “pastry metaphor” applies to French macaron, English bun.

roll or twist of hair worn at the nape of the neck; a bun


guérir

guérir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
guérissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
guéri (participle past)
guéris (first-person indicative present singular)
guéris (indicative present second-person singular)
guérit (indicative present singular third-person)
guérissons (first-person indicative plural present)
guérissez (indicative plural present second-person)
guérissent (indicative plural present third-person)
guérissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
guérissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
guérissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
guérissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
guérissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
guérissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
guéris (first-person historic indicative past singular)
guéris (historic indicative past second-person singular)
guérit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
guérîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
guérîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
guérirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
guérirai (first-person future indicative singular)
guériras (future indicative second-person singular)
guérira (future indicative singular third-person)
guérirons (first-person future indicative plural)
guérirez (future indicative plural second-person)
guériront (future indicative plural third-person)
guérirais (conditional first-person singular)
guérirais (conditional second-person singular)
guérirait (conditional singular third-person)
guéririons (conditional first-person plural)
guéririez (conditional plural second-person)
guériraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
guérisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
guérisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
guérisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
guérissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
guérissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
guérissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
guérisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
guérisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
guérît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
guérissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
guérissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
guérissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
guéris (imperative second-person singular)
guérissons (first-person imperative plural)
guérissez (imperative plural second-person)
se guérir (infinitive reflexive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction reflexive)
se guérissant (gerund participle present reflexive)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
guéri (participle past reflexive)
me guéris (first-person indicative present reflexive singular)
te guéris (indicative present reflexive second-person singular)
se guérit (indicative present reflexive singular third-person)
nous guérissons (first-person indicative plural present reflexive)
vous guérissez (indicative plural present reflexive second-person)
se guérissent (indicative plural present reflexive third-person)
me guérissais (first-person imperfect indicative reflexive singular)
te guérissais (imperfect indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se guérissait (imperfect indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous guérissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural reflexive)
vous guérissiez (imperfect indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se guérissaient (imperfect indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me guéris (first-person historic indicative past reflexive singular)
te guéris (historic indicative past reflexive second-person singular)
se guérit (historic indicative past reflexive singular third-person)
nous guérîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural reflexive)
vous guérîtes (historic indicative past plural reflexive second-person)
se guérirent (historic indicative past plural reflexive third-person)
me guérirai (first-person future indicative reflexive singular)
te guériras (future indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se guérira (future indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous guérirons (first-person future indicative plural reflexive)
vous guérirez (future indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se guériront (future indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me guérirais (conditional first-person reflexive singular)
te guérirais (conditional reflexive second-person singular)
se guérirait (conditional reflexive singular third-person)
nous guéririons (conditional first-person plural reflexive)
vous guéririez (conditional plural reflexive second-person)
se guériraient (conditional plural reflexive third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
me guérisse (first-person present reflexive singular subjunctive)
te guérisses (present reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se guérisse (present reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous guérissions (first-person plural present reflexive subjunctive)
vous guérissiez (plural present reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se guérissent (plural present reflexive subjunctive third-person)
me guérisse (first-person imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive)
te guérisses (imperfect reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se guérît (imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous guérissions (first-person imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive)
vous guérissiez (imperfect plural reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se guérissent (imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive third-person)
guéris-toi (imperative reflexive second-person singular)
guérissons-nous (first-person imperative plural reflexive)
guérissez-vous (imperative plural reflexive second-person)

Inherited from Middle French guérir, guerir, garir, from Old French garir, guarir (“to guarantee, protect, give health to”), from Frankish *warjan (“to defend, protect”), from Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to defend, guard”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, defend, guard, heed”). Cognate with Old High German werien (“to defend, protect”), Old English werian (“to guard, keep, defend”).

der

Le médecin va le guérir.

Notre imagination, si ardente qu’on la suppose, ne peut ni guérir instantanément une lésion organique, ni ressusciter un mort.

1898, Revue du monde invisible, page 339:

Puisque nous sommes ici sans savoir ce qui nous attend un peu plus tard, laisser parler mon instinct me guérit.

Since we're here without knowing what awaits us a little bit later, letting my instinct[s] speak heals me.

(transitive, figurative) to cure, to heal

Il se guérira peu à peu.

(intransitive or pronominal, with passive sense) to recover, to heal


avorter

avorter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
avortant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
avorté (participle past)
avorte (first-person indicative present singular)
avortes (indicative present second-person singular)
avorte (indicative present singular third-person)
avortons (first-person indicative plural present)
avortez (indicative plural present second-person)
avortent (indicative plural present third-person)
avortais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
avortais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
avortait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
avortions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
avortiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
avortaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
avortai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
avortas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
avorta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
avortâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
avortâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
avortèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
avorterai (first-person future indicative singular)
avorteras (future indicative second-person singular)
avortera (future indicative singular third-person)
avorterons (first-person future indicative plural)
avorterez (future indicative plural second-person)
avorteront (future indicative plural third-person)
avorterais (conditional first-person singular)
avorterais (conditional second-person singular)
avorterait (conditional singular third-person)
avorterions (conditional first-person plural)
avorteriez (conditional plural second-person)
avorteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
avorte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
avortes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
avorte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
avortions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
avortiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
avortent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
avortasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
avortasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
avortât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
avortassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
avortassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
avortassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
avorte (imperative second-person singular)
avortons (first-person imperative plural)
avortez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Latin abortāre (“to bring forth prematurely”).


tissu

Inherited from Old French tissu, participle of tistre (modern tisser). Compare Italian tessuto.


coquille

→ English: coquille

From a combination of Vulgar Latin *conchilia (from Latin conchylium) with coccum.

(medicine) vacuum mattress (for spinal immobilization)

(medicine) egg crate mattress (for prevention of bedsores)


potelé

fr-adj

potelé (feminine potelée, masculine plural potelés, feminine plural potelées)

potelée (feminine)
potelés (masculine plural)
potelées (feminine plural)

From Old French pote (“left (hand)”, later “swollen, inflamed”), of uncertain origin.


antre

Borrowed from Latin antrum, from Ancient Greek ἄντρον (ántron).


cheville

Inherited from Old French cheville, from Vulgar Latin *cavicla, dissimilated and syncopated form of Classical Latin clāvicula, diminutive of clāvis (“key”). Doublet of clavicule, a borrowing.