apocope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ).


extradition

→ English: extradition

→ Polish: ekstradycja

Formed in French from Latin ex- (“out of”) + trāditiō (“handing over”).

(law) extradition (formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government is handed over to another government for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence)


carré

fr-adj

carré (feminine carrée, masculine plural carrés, feminine plural carrées)

carrée (feminine)
carrés (masculine plural)
carrées (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French quarré, from Old French quarré, from Latin quadrātus. Compare the borrowed doublet cadrat.


carré

→ Russian: каре́ (karé) (see there for further descendants)

→ Polish: kara (“quadrangle”)

→ Turkish: kare


puissance

Inherited from Middle French puissance, derived from Old French puissant.

Deux puissance quatre égale seize.

Two to the power of four equals sixteen.


fane

(cooking) the leaves attached to vegetables, but which are themselves not usually consumed, such as those of carrot, radishes and cauliflowers

(horticulture, agriculture) the leaves of any vegetable which is not itself a leaf vegetable, and which are not usually attached to the edible part, such as those of potatoes, tomatoes and beans


piston

→ Catalan: pistó

→ English: piston

→ Greek: πιστόνι (pistóni)

→ Romanian: piston

16th century in the sense of "pestle", borrowed from Italian pistone (15th century), from Latin pistāre, from the root pīnsō (“to crush”).


imparfait

imparfait (feminine imparfaite, masculine plural imparfaits, feminine plural imparfaites)

imparfaite (feminine)
imparfaits (masculine plural)
imparfaites (feminine plural)


imparfait

(grammar) the past imperfect, the imperfect or continuous past tense


overdose

(medicine) overdose (excessive and dangerous dose of a drug)


zombi

fr-noun

zombi m (plural zombis, feminine zombie)

Attested 1832, but the 1765 Encyclopédie (t. 11, p. 82a, s.v. nègre) already has zambys «dieux esprits des tribus africaines».
Borrowed from Haitian Creole zonbi, from a Bantu language.


flush

information technology
information technology

(anglicism, information technology) emptying of the cache


cocorico

Mais tout à coup, le coq gaulois claironne: Cocorico, debout petits soldats!

1916, “Verdun, on ne passe pas!”, performed by Eugène Joullot and Jack Cazoll:

But out of the blue, the Gallic rooster trumpets: cock-a-doodle-do, arise little soldiers!


régime

→ English: regime, régime

→ German: Regime

→ Ottoman Turkish: رژیم (rejim)

Turkish: rejim

→ Persian: رژیم (režim)

→ Urdu: رژیم (režim)

→ Arabic: رجيم (rejim)

→ Romanian: regim

desctree

→ Russian: режи́м m (režím), режи́мъ (režím) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: rejim
→ Kazakh: режим (rejim)

(politics) kind of political system; regimen

(botany) clump of fruits on the end of a branch (in palms, bananas, etc)


Maurice

→ English: Maurice

→ English: Morris

→ Persian: موریس (moris)

a male given name, Maurice, equivalent to English Morris


resto

Clipping of restaurant. The original spelling restau has been altered to resto under the influence of other colloquial nouns in -o.


contexte

→ Turkish: kontekst


indépendant

fr-adj

indépendant (feminine indépendante, masculine plural indépendants, feminine plural indépendantes)

indépendante (feminine)
indépendants (masculine plural)
indépendantes (feminine plural)


terminus

→ Romanian: terminus

Borrowed from English terminus, from Latin terminus. Doublet of terme.


couronne

Inherited from Old French corone, inherited from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).

La plupart avaient des tumeurs, et on se demandait toujours si c’était cancéreux ou pas, quand c’était cancéreux ils mouraient, et on donnait pour la couronne.

1961, Christiane Rochefort, Les petits enfants du siècle, Grasset, page 12:

(anatomy) corona (circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males)


gardien de but

fr-noun

gardien de but m (plural gardiens de but, feminine gardienne de but)

gardiens de but (plural)
gardienne de but (feminine)

LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-gardien de but.wav


jouir

jouir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
jouissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
joui (participle past)
jouis (first-person indicative present singular)
jouis (indicative present second-person singular)
jouit (indicative present singular third-person)
jouissons (first-person indicative plural present)
jouissez (indicative plural present second-person)
jouissent (indicative plural present third-person)
jouissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
jouissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
jouissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
jouissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
jouissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
jouissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
jouis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
jouis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
jouit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
jouîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
jouîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
jouirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
jouirai (first-person future indicative singular)
jouiras (future indicative second-person singular)
jouira (future indicative singular third-person)
jouirons (first-person future indicative plural)
jouirez (future indicative plural second-person)
jouiront (future indicative plural third-person)
jouirais (conditional first-person singular)
jouirais (conditional second-person singular)
jouirait (conditional singular third-person)
jouirions (conditional first-person plural)
jouiriez (conditional plural second-person)
jouiraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
jouisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
jouisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
jouisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
jouissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
jouissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
jouissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
jouisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
jouisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
jouît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
jouissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
jouissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
jouissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
jouis (imperative second-person singular)
jouissons (first-person imperative plural)
jouissez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French jouir, jouïr, iouyr, from Old French joïr, from Vulgar Latin *gaudīre (*gaudiō), from Latin gaudēre. Doublet of gaudir, which was a borrowing.

Il jouissait d’une santé à toute épreuve.

Quant au duc d’Orléans, il jouissait de peu de popularité et de peu d’influence.

1879, Alfred Barbou, Les Trois Républiques françaises [The Three French Republics], A. Duquesne:

As for the duke of Orleans, he enjoyed little popularity and little influence.


appellation

From the Old French apellatiun, but respelt to conform with the ultimate Latin etymon, appellātiō.


cellule

→ Persian: سلول (sellul)


espèce

Borrowed from Latin speciēs. Doublet of épice, an older borrowing.


Jérôme

a male given name, equivalent to English Jerome


benjamin

benjamin m (plural benjamins, feminine benjamine)

child loved disproportionally more by the parents in a family

(sports) One of the age classes for children; varies by sport


benjamin

After French Scrabble player Benjamin Hannuna.

(Scrabble) a three-letter addition to the beginning of a word that creates another valid word, especially one that reaches a "triple word score" square


petit

fr-adj

petit (feminine petite, masculine plural petits, feminine plural petites, comparative moindre, superlative le moindre)

petite (feminine)
petits (masculine plural)
petites (feminine plural)
moindre (comparative)
le moindre (superlative)

Inherited from Old French petit, from Vulgar Latin pittitus (775; compare Latin pitinnus, pitulus). Compare Spanish pequeño.

un petit verre de vin


sudoku

From Japanese 数独 (sūdoku, literally “numbers singly”).


croix

Haitian Creole: kwa

Inherited from Middle French croix, from Old French croix, crois, from the Latin crucem. Doublet of crux, croiseur, and cruiser.

croix de bois, croix de fer, si je mens, je vais en enfer

(heraldry) a representation of a cross; the cross as a heraldic symbol


anglaiser

anglaiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
anglaisant (gerund participle present)
anglaisant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
anglaisé (participle past)
anglaisé (participle past)
anglaise (first-person indicative present singular)
anglaises (indicative present second-person singular)
anglaise (indicative present singular third-person)
anglaisons (first-person indicative plural present)
anglaisons (first-person indicative plural present)
anglaisez (indicative plural present second-person)
anglaisez (indicative plural present second-person)
anglaisent (indicative plural present third-person)
anglaisais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
anglaisais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
anglaisais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
anglaisais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
anglaisait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
anglaisait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
anglaisions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
anglaisions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
anglaisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
anglaisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
anglaisaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
anglaisaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
anglaisai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
anglaisai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
anglaisas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
anglaisas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
anglaisa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
anglaisa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
anglaisâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
anglaisâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
anglaisâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
anglaisâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
anglaisèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
anglaisèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
anglaiserai (first-person future indicative singular)
anglaiseras (future indicative second-person singular)
anglaisera (future indicative singular third-person)
anglaiserons (first-person future indicative plural)
anglaiserez (future indicative plural second-person)
anglaiseront (future indicative plural third-person)
anglaiserais (conditional first-person singular)
anglaiserais (conditional second-person singular)
anglaiserait (conditional singular third-person)
anglaiserions (conditional first-person plural)
anglaiserions (conditional first-person plural)
anglaiseriez (conditional plural second-person)
anglaiseriez (conditional plural second-person)
anglaiseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
anglaise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
anglaises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
anglaise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
anglaisions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
anglaisions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
anglaisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
anglaisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
anglaisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
anglaisasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
anglaisasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
anglaisasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
anglaisasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
anglaisât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
anglaisât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
anglaisassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
anglaisassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
anglaisassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
anglaisassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
anglaisassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
anglaisassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
anglaise (imperative second-person singular)
anglaisons (first-person imperative plural)
anglaisons (first-person imperative plural)
anglaisez (imperative plural second-person)
anglaisez (imperative plural second-person)

(slang, vulgar) bugger, sodomize, rape anally


sodomiser

sodomiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
sodomisant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
sodomisé (participle past)
sodomise (first-person indicative present singular)
sodomises (indicative present second-person singular)
sodomise (indicative present singular third-person)
sodomisons (first-person indicative plural present)
sodomisez (indicative plural present second-person)
sodomisent (indicative plural present third-person)
sodomisais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sodomisais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
sodomisait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sodomisions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sodomisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sodomisaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sodomisai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
sodomisas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
sodomisa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
sodomisâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
sodomisâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
sodomisèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
sodomiserai (first-person future indicative singular)
sodomiseras (future indicative second-person singular)
sodomisera (future indicative singular third-person)
sodomiserons (first-person future indicative plural)
sodomiserez (future indicative plural second-person)
sodomiseront (future indicative plural third-person)
sodomiserais (conditional first-person singular)
sodomiserais (conditional second-person singular)
sodomiserait (conditional singular third-person)
sodomiserions (conditional first-person plural)
sodomiseriez (conditional plural second-person)
sodomiseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
sodomise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
sodomises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sodomise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sodomisions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sodomisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sodomisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sodomisasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sodomisasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sodomisât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sodomisassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sodomisassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sodomisassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sodomise (imperative second-person singular)
sodomisons (first-person imperative plural)
sodomisez (imperative plural second-person)


plage

→ Albanian: plazh

→ Armenian: փլաժ (pʻlaž)

→ Antillean Creole: plaj

→ Belarusian: пляж (pljaž)

→ Bulgarian: плаж (plaž)

→ Czech: pláž

→ English: plage

→ Greek: πλαζ (plaz)

→ Luxembourgish: Plage

→ Macedonian: плажа (plaža)

→ Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: plaj

→ Persian: پلاژ (pelâž)

→ Polish: plaża

→ Romanian: plajă

desctree

→ Russian: пляж (pljaž)
→ Armenian: պլյաժ (plyaž)
→ Avar: пляж (pljaž)
→ Georgian: პლაჟი (ṗlaži), პლიაჟი (ṗliaži) — nonstandard
→ Tajik: пляж (plyaž)
→ Turkmen: plýaž
→ Uzbek: plyaj

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плажа

Latin script: plaža

→ Slovak: pláž

→ Slovene: plaža

→ Ukrainian: пляж (pljaž)

→ Yiddish: פּלאַזשע (plazhe)

From Middle French plage (ca. 1300), borrowed from Medieval Latin plagia, in part after Italian piaggia (modern spiaggia). See the Latin for further cognates.


bourré

fr-adj

bourré (feminine bourrée, masculine plural bourrés, feminine plural bourrées)

bourrée (feminine)
bourrés (masculine plural)
bourrées (feminine plural)


pastis

Borrowed from Occitan pastis or Old Occitan pastis, pastitz, from Vulgar Latin *pastīcius, from Late Latin pasta. Doublet of pastiche, which was taken from Italian pasticcio. Compare also pâtisser.

(figurative, Provence) mess (difficult situation)


chum

fr-noun

chum m (plural chums, feminine blonde or chum de fille)

chums (plural)
blonde (feminine)
chum de fille (feminine)

Coordinate term: blonde

Elle m’a présenté son nouveau chum.

Je croyais qu’il était rien qu’un ami à Éric mais en fait c’est son chum.
I believed that he was just another of Éric's friends, but in fact, it's his boyfriend.

Coordinate term: chum de fille

J’suis allé danser avec une gang de chums.

I went to dance with a group of my chums.

(Canada, chiefly slang, Quebec) a friend, usually male; a chum


monocle

→ Greek: μονόκλ (monókl)

→ Dutch: monocle

→ English: monocle

From Late Latin monoculus (“one-eyed”), from mono- (“single”) + oculus (“eye”).


Louise

a female given name, feminine form of Louis


gaga

(linguistics, ellipsis) the parler gaga, a French variety spoken in the French city of Saint-Étienne, the North of the Forez and around.


bugle

Borrowed from English bugle, itself from Anglo-Norman and Old French bugle, from Latin buculus.


bugle

Inherited from Old French bugle, probably borrowed from Medieval Latin bugula, probably related to Late Latin bugillō (cf. bouillon).


typhus

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek; see above.


barrage

→ Polish: baraż

→ Portuguese: barragem

→ Turkish: baraj


bikini

→ Dutch: bikini

desctree

→ English: bikini
→ Norwegian Bokmål: bikini

→ German: Bikini

→ Portuguese: biquíni

→ Spanish: biquini

Named after the place name Bikini, from Bikini, the name of the atoll where the United States tested nuclear weapons in July 1946; it was reckoned that the bathing suit would cause as much excitement as an atom bomb. This name was originally from German Bikini, the colonial name of the atoll as part of German New Guinea, and this was derived from Marshallese Pikinni.


coup de grâce

→ English: coup de grâce


gracieux

fr-adj

gracieux (feminine gracieuse, masculine plural gracieux, feminine plural gracieuses)

gracieuse (feminine)
gracieux (masculine plural)
gracieuses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French gracieus, borrowed from Latin gratiōsus.

à titre gracieux


Jacques

Haitian Creole: Jak

→ Albanian: Zhak, Xhak, Xhakë

→ Dutch: Sjaak

→ English: Jacques, Jack (more often a diminutive of John)

→ Latvian: Žaks

desc

→ Chinese: → 雅克 (Yǎkè) (transliteration)

From Latin Iācōbus, possibly a semi-learned borrowing (compare inherited Old French James, source of English James), from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Ἰακώβ (Iakṓb), from Biblical Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōḇ). Doublet of Jacob, a learned borrowing.

Il n’est pas rare aujourd’hui que le garçon bouvier se nomme Arthur, Alfred ou Alphonse, et que le vicomte — s’il y a encore des vicomtes — se nomme Thomas, Pierre ou Jacques. Ce déplacement qui met le nom « élégant » sur le plébéien et le nom campagnard sur l’aristocrate n’est autre chose qu’un remous d’égalité. L’irrésistible pénétration du souffle nouveau est là comme en tout.

1862, Victor Hugo, chapter 2, in Les Misérables, Tome I : Fantine, book 4; republished as Isabel F. Hapgood, transl., 1887:

It is not rare for the neatherd's boy nowadays to bear the name of Arthur, Alfred, or Alphonse, and for the vicomte--if there are still any vicomtes--to be called Thomas, Pierre, or Jacques. This displacement, which places the "elegant" name on the plebeian and the rustic name on the aristocrat, is nothing else than an eddy of equality. The irresistible penetration of the new inspiration is there as everywhere else.

a male given name, the French equivalent of James and Jacob, and formerly used as a generic name for peasants


latitude

From Latin lātitūdō (“breadth, width, latitude”), from lātus (“broad, wide”), from older stlātus.

der

C’est ici que ça se passe, 30°50’ de latitude nord, 30°50’ de longitude ouest… à une journée de distance pour nous, et ils filent sud-sud-ouest à toute vapeur. À ce train-là nous ne verrons rien, […].

1921, H.G. Wells, translated by Henry-D. Davray and B. Kozakiewicz, La Guerre dans les Airs, Mercure de France, page 174:

Le Scoresby Sund est le plus vaste fjord du monde entier. Il est découpé dans la côte Orientale du Groenland entre 70° et 72° de latitude Nord et 22° et 30° de longitude Ouest de Greenwich.

1928, Jean-Baptiste Charcot, Dans la mer du Groenland:

[…] le 12 mars, par 20 degrés de latitude Nord, je rencontrai les vents alizés, je pouvais compter dorénavant sur un plus faible et agréable navigation dans les mers tropicales.

1929, Alain Gerbault, “À la poursuite du soleil”, in De New-York à Tahiti, volume 1:

(geography) the distance from a place to the equator measured in degrees on the meridian; parallel viewing

Latitude australe ou boréale.

Latitude héliocentrique, géocentrique, etc.

Latitude de Sirius.

(astronomy) the angle with a plane parallel to the ecliptic, the straight line that passes through a heavenly body and a particular centre on this plane


fusain

Inherited from Middle French fusain (“spindle tree”), receiving an artistic sense in early 18th c. because its carbonized sticks were very convenient for drawing, further from Old French fusain akin to Italian fusaggine (“spindle tree”), derived from Latin fuso (“spindle”), which is from fusus of unclear origin.


sonde

→ Catalan: sonda

→ Danish: sonde

→ Dutch: sonde
→ Indonesian: sonde

→ English: sonde

desctree

→ German: Sonde
→ Russian: зонд (zond)
→ Kazakh: зонд (zond)

→ Italian: sonda
→ Ottoman Turkish: سونده (sonda), سوندا (sonda)
Turkish: sonda

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sonde

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sonde

→ Portuguese: sonda

→ Spanish: sonda

From Middle French, from Old French sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound.


portrait

→ Bulgarian: портрет (portret)

→ Czech: portrét

desctree

→ Dutch: portret
Afrikaans: portret
Petjo: potrèt
→ Caribbean Javanese: potrèg, potrèt
→ Indonesian: potret
→ Papiamentu: portrèt, pòtrèt, pòrtrèt, portret

→ German: Porträt, Portrait (rarer since ca. 1900, now nonstandard outside Switzerland)
→ Russian: портрет (portret)
→ Serbo-Croatian: portret / портрет
→ Ukrainian: портрет (portret)

desc

→ Greek: πορτρέτο (portréto), πορτραίτο n (portraíto)

→ Norwegian: portrett

→ Polish: portret

→ Romanian: portret

→ Slovene: portret

→ Swedish: porträtt
→ Finnish: potretti

→ Turkish: portre


postal

fr-adj

postal (feminine postale, masculine plural postaux, feminine plural postales)

postale (feminine)
postaux (masculine plural)
postales (feminine plural)


usine

→ Bambara: izini

→ Bulgarian: юзи́на (juzína)

→ Portuguese: usina

→ Romanian: uzină

→ Spanish: usina

From Middle French oeuchine, œussine, oucine, huisine, ozine, uisine, usine, from Old French oechine, oechevine, ouchine, wisine, huysine, from Latin officīna. Doublet of officine.


montage

desc

→ Arabic: مونتاج

→ Arabic: مونتاج

→ Chinese: 蒙太奇 (méngtàiqí)

→ English: montage

→ Greek: μοντάζ (montáz)

→ Japanese: モンタージュ

→ Italian: montaggio

→ Polish: montaż

→ Romanian: montaj

desctree

→ Russian: монтаж (montaž)
→ Armenian: մոնտաժ (montaž)
→ Georgian: მონტაჟი (monṭaži)
→ Kazakh: монтаж (montaj)

→ Turkish: montaj
→ Northern Kurdish: montaj

From monter (“to mount”) (from mont (“mount(ain)”), from Latin mons (“mountain”) + -age.


terrain

→ Czech: terén

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: terreng

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: terreng

→ Swedish: terräng

Inherited from Old French terrain, terrein, from Vulgar Latin *terranum, from Latin terrēnum.

Un nouveau terrain de football a été aménagé l’an dernier.


bande

→ Portuguese: banda

→ Turkish: bant

→ Persian: باند (bând)

From Old French bande, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *bindā (“join, link”), cognate with English bind.


ka

kay, The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.


minette

fr-noun

minette f (plural minettes, masculine minet)

→ Dutch: minetten (“cunnilingus”) (Flemish and Limburgish)

→ Russian: мине́т (minét, “blowjob”)

→ Armenian: մինետ (minet, “blowjob”)

→ Georgian: მინეტი (mineṭi, “blowjob”)

→ Estonian: minett (“blowjob”)

→ Polish: mineta (“cunnilingus”)

→ Portuguese: minete (“cunnilingus”)

faire la minette


nom

Antillean Creole: non

Haitian Creole: non

Louisiana Creole: nom

Mauritian Creole: non

Seychellois Creole: non

Inherited from Old French nom (whence Norman nom), from Latin nōmen (whence Italian and Portuguese nome; Spanish nombre), from Proto-Italic *nomən, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (whence Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Russian и́мя (ímja), Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man), English name).

Un nom de famille est un nom propre.

Votre nom et prénom, s’il vous plaît.

a name, especially a last name or family name


rosbif

→ Catalan: rosbif

→ English: rosbif

→ Portuguese: rosbife

→ Russian: ро́стбиф (róstbif)

→ Turkish: rozbif

Borrowed from English roast beef, stereotypical food of the English.
Compare English frog (“French person”), from frog legs, corresponding term for French, likewise based on food; and Kraut for Germans.


syndrome

Learned borrowing from New Latin syndrome, from Ancient Greek συνδρομή (sundromḗ).


abaissé

fr-adj

abaissé (feminine abaissée, masculine plural abaissés, feminine plural abaissées)

abaissée (feminine)
abaissés (masculine plural)
abaissées (feminine plural)


vol

vol à l’arraché

vol à l’étalage

vol à la tire

vol à main armée


pique-nique

→ Catalan: pícnic

desctree

→ English: picnic, pic-a-nic, picknick (archaic)
→ Japanese: ピクニック (pikunikku)
→ Punjabi: ਪਿਕਨਿਕ (piknik)
→ Polish: piknik
→ Swahili: pikniki

→ Galician: pícnic

→ German: Picknick

→ Portuguese: piquenique

→ Romanian: picnic

→ Russian: пикни́к (pikník)

→ Sicilian: picchinicchi

→ Spanish: pícnic

→ Turkish: piknik

From pique + nique, from piquer (“to pick”, verb) + nique (“small thing”).


piquer

piquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
piquant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
piqué (participle past)
pique (first-person indicative present singular)
piques (indicative present second-person singular)
pique (indicative present singular third-person)
piquons (first-person indicative plural present)
piquez (indicative plural present second-person)
piquent (indicative plural present third-person)
piquais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
piquais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
piquait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
piquions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
piquiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
piquaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
piquai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
piquas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
piqua (historic indicative past singular third-person)
piquâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
piquâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
piquèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
piquerai (first-person future indicative singular)
piqueras (future indicative second-person singular)
piquera (future indicative singular third-person)
piquerons (first-person future indicative plural)
piquerez (future indicative plural second-person)
piqueront (future indicative plural third-person)
piquerais (conditional first-person singular)
piquerais (conditional second-person singular)
piquerait (conditional singular third-person)
piquerions (conditional first-person plural)
piqueriez (conditional plural second-person)
piqueraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
pique (first-person present singular subjunctive)
piques (present second-person singular subjunctive)
pique (present singular subjunctive third-person)
piquions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
piquiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
piquent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
piquasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
piquasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
piquât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
piquassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
piquassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
piquassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pique (imperative second-person singular)
piquons (first-person imperative plural)
piquez (imperative plural second-person)
se piquer (infinitive reflexive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction reflexive)
se piquant (gerund participle present reflexive)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
piqué (participle past reflexive)
me pique (first-person indicative present reflexive singular)
te piques (indicative present reflexive second-person singular)
se pique (indicative present reflexive singular third-person)
nous piquons (first-person indicative plural present reflexive)
vous piquez (indicative plural present reflexive second-person)
se piquent (indicative plural present reflexive third-person)
me piquais (first-person imperfect indicative reflexive singular)
te piquais (imperfect indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se piquait (imperfect indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous piquions (first-person imperfect indicative plural reflexive)
vous piquiez (imperfect indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se piquaient (imperfect indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me piquai (first-person historic indicative past reflexive singular)
te piquas (historic indicative past reflexive second-person singular)
se piqua (historic indicative past reflexive singular third-person)
nous piquâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural reflexive)
vous piquâtes (historic indicative past plural reflexive second-person)
se piquèrent (historic indicative past plural reflexive third-person)
me piquerai (first-person future indicative reflexive singular)
te piqueras (future indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se piquera (future indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous piquerons (first-person future indicative plural reflexive)
vous piquerez (future indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se piqueront (future indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me piquerais (conditional first-person reflexive singular)
te piquerais (conditional reflexive second-person singular)
se piquerait (conditional reflexive singular third-person)
nous piquerions (conditional first-person plural reflexive)
vous piqueriez (conditional plural reflexive second-person)
se piqueraient (conditional plural reflexive third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
me pique (first-person present reflexive singular subjunctive)
te piques (present reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se pique (present reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous piquions (first-person plural present reflexive subjunctive)
vous piquiez (plural present reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se piquent (plural present reflexive subjunctive third-person)
me piquasse (first-person imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive)
te piquasses (imperfect reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se piquât (imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous piquassions (first-person imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive)
vous piquassiez (imperfect plural reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se piquassent (imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive third-person)
pique-toi (imperative reflexive second-person singular)
piquons-nous (first-person imperative plural reflexive)
piquez-vous (imperative plural reflexive second-person)

→ English: pique

→ German: pikieren

→ Italian: piccarsi

Louisiana Creole: piqué

Inherited from Middle French picquer, from Old French piquer (“to pierce with the tip of a sword”) (cf. also pikier), from proto-Romance or Vulgar Latin *pīccare (“to sting, strike”) or *pikkāre (compare Occitan, Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish picar), itself either from an onomatopoeic root *pikk- (cf. also Latin picus, whence French pic), or alternatively, from Frankish *pikkōn, from Proto-Germanic *pikōną, *pukaną (“to pick, peck, prick, knock”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bū- (“to make a dull sound”).
Cognate with Old English pȳcan, pician (“to pick, pluck”); Old Norse pikka (“to prick, peck”); Middle Dutch and Middle Low German picken (“to pick, peck, pierce”); Middle High German puchen (“to knock, defy, plunder”). More at pick.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


crayon

Haitian Creole: kreyon

Louisiana Creole: kréyon

→ Bambara: kiriyon

→ English: crayon

→ Esperanto: krajono

→ German: Crayon

→ Japanese: クレヨン (kureyon)

→ Greek: κραγιόν (kragión)

→ Moore: keryõ

→ Romanian: creion

→ Spanish: crayón, clarión, crión

From craie (“chalk”) + -on (diminutive), from Latin crēta (“chalk, clay”), from crētus.


trampoline

Borrowed from Spanish trampolín or Italian trampolino. See also French tremplin.


turban

→ Danish: turban

→ English: turban

desctree

→ German: Turban
→ Serbo-Croatian: tùrbān, ту̀рба̄н

→ Polish: turban

→ Russian: тюрба́н (tjurbán)

→ Swedish: turban

→ Turkish: türban

Inherited from Middle French turbant, from Italian turbante, from Ottoman Turkish دلبند (tülbent), from Persian دلبند (dolband).


vive

(ichthyology) any of certain kind of fish, mostly in the family Trachinidae, but especially the sand tilefish (Malacanthus plumieri) or the Guinean weever (Trachinus armatus) From FishBase


arachide

→ Czech: arašíd

→ Slovak: arašid

→ Slovene: arašid

From Ancient Greek ἀράχιδνα (arákhidna), diminutive of ἄρακος (árakos).

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual

(botany) groundnut, peanut, goober (Arachis hypogaea)


mugir

mugir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mugissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
mugi (participle past)
mugis (first-person indicative present singular)
mugis (indicative present second-person singular)
mugit (indicative present singular third-person)
mugissons (first-person indicative plural present)
mugissez (indicative plural present second-person)
mugissent (indicative plural present third-person)
mugissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mugissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mugissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mugissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mugissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mugissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mugis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
mugis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
mugit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
mugîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
mugîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
mugirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
mugirai (first-person future indicative singular)
mugiras (future indicative second-person singular)
mugira (future indicative singular third-person)
mugirons (first-person future indicative plural)
mugirez (future indicative plural second-person)
mugiront (future indicative plural third-person)
mugirais (conditional first-person singular)
mugirais (conditional second-person singular)
mugirait (conditional singular third-person)
mugirions (conditional first-person plural)
mugiriez (conditional plural second-person)
mugiraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
mugisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mugisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mugisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mugissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mugissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mugissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mugisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
mugisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mugît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mugissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mugissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mugissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mugis (imperative second-person singular)
mugissons (first-person imperative plural)
mugissez (imperative plural second-person)

Alteration of the inherited Old French muir, muire, based on the original etymology, Latin mūgīre

Entends mugir les vaches.

Entendez-vous dans les campagnes / Mugir ces féroces soldats ?

1792, Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (lyrics and music), “La Marseillaise”:

Do you hear, in the countryside / The roar of those ferocious soldiers?


sable

From Old French martre sable (“sable marten”), an animal. From Middle Low German sabel (compare Middle Dutch sabel, Middle High German zobel); ultimately from a Balto-Slavic word (compare Russian со́боль (sóbolʹ), Polish soból, Czech sobol). Compare also Persian سمور (samur). Doublet of zibeline.

der

(heraldry) the heraldic colour sable; black


négationniste

fr-noun

négationniste m or f by sense (plural négationnistes)

(politics, philosophy) denialist, denier, negationist


Bernard

a male given name, equivalent to English Bernard


carbone

→ Arabic: كَرْبُون (karbūn)

→ Dutch: carbon

desctree

→ English: carbon
→ Bengali: কার্বন (karbon)
→ Malay: karbon
→ Navajo: káábin
→ Welsh: carbon

→ Ottoman Turkish: قاربون (karbon)

Turkish: karbon

→ Norwegian Bokmål: karbon

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: karbon

→ Portuguese: carbono

→ Romanian: carbon

→ Spanish: carbono
→ Tagalog: karbono

→ Vietnamese: cacbon

Learned borrowing from Latin carbōnem, coined by Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. Doublet of charbon.


studieux

fr-adj

studieux (feminine studieuse, masculine plural studieux, feminine plural studieuses)

studieuse (feminine)
studieux (masculine plural)
studieuses (feminine plural)


Marianne

a female given name, a combination of Marie and Anne

(France, politics, philosophy) Marianne; a personification of France


évoluer

évoluer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
évoluant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
évolué (participle past)
évolue (first-person indicative present singular)
évolues (indicative present second-person singular)
évolue (indicative present singular third-person)
évoluons (first-person indicative plural present)
évoluez (indicative plural present second-person)
évoluent (indicative plural present third-person)
évoluais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
évoluais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
évoluait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
évoluions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
évoluiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
évoluaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
évoluai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
évoluas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
évolua (historic indicative past singular third-person)
évoluâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
évoluâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
évoluèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
évoluerai (first-person future indicative singular)
évolueras (future indicative second-person singular)
évoluera (future indicative singular third-person)
évoluerons (first-person future indicative plural)
évoluerez (future indicative plural second-person)
évolueront (future indicative plural third-person)
évoluerais (conditional first-person singular)
évoluerais (conditional second-person singular)
évoluerait (conditional singular third-person)
évoluerions (conditional first-person plural)
évolueriez (conditional plural second-person)
évolueraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
évolue (first-person present singular subjunctive)
évolues (present second-person singular subjunctive)
évolue (present singular subjunctive third-person)
évoluions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
évoluiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
évoluent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
évoluasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
évoluasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
évoluât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
évoluassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
évoluassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
évoluassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
évolue (imperative second-person singular)
évoluons (first-person imperative plural)
évoluez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Portuguese: evoluir

Back-formation from évolution. Cf. also Latin ēvolvō.

évoluer en 2ème division


dauphin

Haitian Creole: dofen

Inherited from Old French dalphin, from Latin delphinus.

(heraldry) dolphin; the animal used as a charge


dauphin

fr-noun

dauphin m (plural dauphins, feminine dauphine)

→ Arabic: دوفِين (dōfīn)

→ Bulgarian: дофин (dofin)

→ Czech: dauphin

→ English: dauphin

→ Estonian: dofään

→ German: Dauphin

→ Ottoman Turkish: دوفَن (dofen)

Turkish: dofen

→ Persian: دوفَن (dofan)

→ Polish: delfin (semantic loan)

→ Portuguese: dauphin

→ Portuguese: delfim (semantic loan)

→ Romanian: delfin (semantic loan)

desctree

→ Russian: дофи́н (dofín)
→ Azerbaijani: dofin
→ Uzbek: dofin

→ Spanish: delfín (semantic loan)

→ Ukrainian: дофі́н (dofín)

From French proper name Dauphin through association with crown princes of the name, from French dauphin, from Old French dalphin, from Latin delphinus.


miaou

From earlier miault, myault, of onomatopoeic origin.


ronronner

ronronner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ronronnant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
ronronné (participle past)
ronronne (first-person indicative present singular)
ronronnes (indicative present second-person singular)
ronronne (indicative present singular third-person)
ronronnons (first-person indicative plural present)
ronronnez (indicative plural present second-person)
ronronnent (indicative plural present third-person)
ronronnais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ronronnais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ronronnait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ronronnions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ronronniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ronronnaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ronronnai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
ronronnas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
ronronna (historic indicative past singular third-person)
ronronnâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
ronronnâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
ronronnèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
ronronnerai (first-person future indicative singular)
ronronneras (future indicative second-person singular)
ronronnera (future indicative singular third-person)
ronronnerons (first-person future indicative plural)
ronronnerez (future indicative plural second-person)
ronronneront (future indicative plural third-person)
ronronnerais (conditional first-person singular)
ronronnerais (conditional second-person singular)
ronronnerait (conditional singular third-person)
ronronnerions (conditional first-person plural)
ronronneriez (conditional plural second-person)
ronronneraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
ronronne (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ronronnes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ronronne (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ronronnions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ronronniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ronronnent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ronronnasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
ronronnasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ronronnât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ronronnassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
ronronnassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ronronnassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ronronne (imperative second-person singular)
ronronnons (first-person imperative plural)
ronronnez (imperative plural second-person)


offre

l’offre et la demande


tenant

Present participle of tenir. From Old French tenant; corresponding to Latin tenentem.


Erika

a female given name from the North Germanic languages, masculine equivalent Érik; variant form Érica


plonger

plonger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
plongeant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
plongé (participle past)
plonge (first-person indicative present singular)
plonges (indicative present second-person singular)
plonge (indicative present singular third-person)
plongeons (first-person indicative plural present)
plongez (indicative plural present second-person)
plongent (indicative plural present third-person)
plongeais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
plongeais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
plongeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
plongions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
plongiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
plongeaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
plongeai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
plongeas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
plongea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
plongeâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
plongeâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
plongèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
plongerai (first-person future indicative singular)
plongeras (future indicative second-person singular)
plongera (future indicative singular third-person)
plongerons (first-person future indicative plural)
plongerez (future indicative plural second-person)
plongeront (future indicative plural third-person)
plongerais (conditional first-person singular)
plongerais (conditional second-person singular)
plongerait (conditional singular third-person)
plongerions (conditional first-person plural)
plongeriez (conditional plural second-person)
plongeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
plonge (first-person present singular subjunctive)
plonges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
plonge (present singular subjunctive third-person)
plongions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
plongiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
plongent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
plongeasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
plongeasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
plongeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
plongeassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
plongeassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
plongeassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
plonge (imperative second-person singular)
plongeons (first-person imperative plural)
plongez (imperative plural second-person)

From Old French plongier, from Vulgar Latin *plumbicāre, from Latin plumbum (“lead”).

plonger dans ses souvenirs


fusée

→ Polish: fuzja

→ Turkish: füze

From Old French *fus (whence fuseau) + -ée.


équipage

→ Belarusian: экіпа́ж (ekipáž)

→ Bulgarian: екипа́ж (ekipáž)

→ Catalan: equipatge

→ Crimean Tatar: ekipaj

→ Danish: ekvipage

→ Galician: equipaxe

→ German: Equipage

→ Italian: equipaggio

→ Portuguese: equipagem

→ Romanian: echipaj

→ Russian: экипа́ж (ekipáž), экипа́жъ (ekipáž) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: экипаж (ékipaj)

→ Spanish: equipaje

→ Swedish: ekipage

→ Ukrainian: екіпа́ж (ekipáž)

Dans la nuit du vendredi 2 février 1761, un équipage avançait péniblement sur la voie qui conduit de la Courtille à la Villette.

2000, Jean-François Parot, L'énigme des Blancs-Manteaux, JC Lattès 2012, page 11:

On the night of Friday February 2, 1761, a horse and carriage was advancing with difficulty on the way leading from La Courtille to La Villette.


salle

Haitian Creole: sal, lasal

→ Italian: sala

→ Vietnamese: xan

Inherited from Middle French salle, from Old French sale (“a large room, large reception hall”), from Frankish *sal (“dwelling, house, entrance hall”), from Proto-Germanic *salą (“dwelling, house, hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). More at salon.
Cognates
Cognate with Old High German sal (“dwelling, house, entrance hall”) (whence German Saal), Old Norse salr (“room, hall”) (whence Icelandic salur), Old English sæl (“room, hall, castle”). Cognate with Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish sala.


poule

→ English: pool


flamme

Previously flame, from Middle French flame, whence English flame, from Latin flamma.


croquette

→ Catalan: croqueta

→ Dutch: kroket

→ English: croquette

→ German: Krokette

→ Portuguese: croquete

→ Spanish: croqueta

→ Turkish: kroket

From croquer (“to crunch”) + -ette, 18th c.

(cooking) croquette (minced, cooked food which is then deep-fried)


landau

→ English: landau

→ Catalan: landó

→ Spanish: landó

Coordinate term: poussette


lancer

Inherited from Old French lancier, from Late Latin lanceāre, from Latin lancea. Compare Catalan llançar; Italian lanciare; Occitan and Portuguese lançar; Spanish lanzar.


persan

fr-noun

persan m (countable and uncountable, plural persans)


jaja

Bref un matin il fait son tour et moi je me réveille pas — c’est pour ça que j’aime pas la jaja, j’aurais pas bu la veille, je l’aurais senti se lever.

2015 January, Virginie Despentes, Vernon Subutex, volume 1, Éditions Grasset, →ISBN:


anche

Borrowed from Old High German ancha (“leg, shin”), influenced by regional anche (“faucet”), ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *ankijǭ (“joint, limb”). Related to hanche (“hip”).


houmous

From Turkish humus or Arabic حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ).


cas

Inherited from Old French cas, borrowed from Latin cāsus.

cas clinique


trivalent

fr-adj

trivalent (feminine trivalente, masculine plural trivalents, feminine plural trivalentes)

trivalente (feminine)
trivalents (masculine plural)
trivalentes (feminine plural)


pentavalent

pentavalent (feminine pentavalente, masculine plural pentavalents, feminine plural pentavalentes)

pentavalente (feminine)
pentavalents (masculine plural)
pentavalentes (feminine plural)


vivace

Borrowed from Latin vīvācem (“lively, vigorous”).

bor+

(botany) perennial (that can live several years)

(botany) cold hardy (that can withstand frost)


battre

battre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
battant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
battu (participle past)
bats (first-person indicative present singular)
bats (indicative present second-person singular)
bat (indicative present singular third-person)
battons (first-person indicative plural present)
battez (indicative plural present second-person)
battent (indicative plural present third-person)
battais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
battais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
battait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
battions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
battiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
battaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
battis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
battis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
battit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
battîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
battîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
battirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
battrai (first-person future indicative singular)
battras (future indicative second-person singular)
battra (future indicative singular third-person)
battrons (first-person future indicative plural)
battrez (future indicative plural second-person)
battront (future indicative plural third-person)
battrais (conditional first-person singular)
battrais (conditional second-person singular)
battrait (conditional singular third-person)
battrions (conditional first-person plural)
battriez (conditional plural second-person)
battraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
batte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
battes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
batte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
battions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
battiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
battent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
battisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
battisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
battît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
battissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
battissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
battissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bats (imperative second-person singular)
battons (first-person imperative plural)
battez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French battre, from Old French batre, from Latin battere, from earlier battuere.


eau-de-vie

→ English: eau de vie

Calque of Medieval Latin aqua vītae (literally “water of life”).


quintal

Inherited from Old French quintal, from Medieval Latin quintāle (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from centēnī (“100 things”) + -ārius (“-ary”, forming related adjective). Doublet of centenaire.

der

(historical) quintal, French hundredweight, a traditional unit of mass equivalent to about 49.95 kg


haute couture

English: haute couture

→ Indonesian: adibusana (calque)

Japanese: オートクチュール (ōto kuchūru)

→ Portuguese: alta-costura (calque)

→ Spanish: alta costura (calque)


mercredi

Haitian Creole: mèkredi

desc

Louisiana Creole: mékrédi, mèkrèdi, mærkrédi

Inherited from Old French mercredi, from Latin Mercuriī diēs, variant of diēs Mercuriī (“day of Mercury”).

En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.
En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.
Lundi marche devant,
Rantaplan.
Mardi joue de la trompette,
De la trompette.
Mercredi du violon,
Du violon.
Jeudi de l’accordéon,
De l’accordéon.
Vendredi et samedi chantent la chanson de dimanche.
Vendredi et samedi chantent la chanson de dimanche.
En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.
En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.

1986, “Il était une fois … une maison des musiciens [There Once Was… a House of Musicians]”, in Il était une fois … une petite grenouille [There Once Was… a Little Frog] (fiction), Paris: CLE International:

Onward, the music of the days of the week.
Onward, the music of the days of the week.
Monday marches ahead,
Rantaplan.
Tuesday plays the trumpet,
The trumpet.
Wednesday the violin,
The violin.
Thursday the accordion,
The accordion.
Friday and Saturday sing the song of Sunday.
Friday and Saturday sing the song of Sunday.
Onward, the music of the days of the week.
Onward, the music of the days of the week.


mercredi

(colloquial, minced oath) Used in place of merde; shoot, shucks

days of the week: jour de la semaine: lundi · mardi · mercredi · jeudi · vendredi · samedi · dimanche [edit]


vendredi

Esperanto: vendredo

Haitian Creole: vandredi

Louisiana Creole: vendredi, vendrédi

Mauritian Creole: vandredi

Seychellois Creole: vandredi

Inherited from Old French vendredi, from Latin Veneris diēs < diēs Veneris (“day of Venus”).


samedi

→ Franco-Provençal: samedi

Haitian Creole: samdi

Louisiana Creole: sanmdi, sammdi

Mauritian Creole: samdi

Inherited from Old French samedi, from Vulgar Latin *sambatum and *sambatī diēs, from Latin Sabbatī diēs, variant of diēs Sabbatī (“day of the Sabbath”), from sabbatum, from Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton) (Modern Greek: Σάββατο (Sávvato)), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát). See also sabbat, chabbat.

...Jeudi de l’accordéon, de l’accordéon.
Vendredi et samedi chantent la chanson de dimanche...
En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.

...Thursday the accordion, the accordion.
Friday and Saturday sing the song of Sunday...
Onward, the music of the days of the week.


dimanche

Louisiana Creole: dimansh

Mauritian Creole: dimans

Seychellois Creole: dimans

→ Esperanto: dimanĉo

Inherited from Old French diemenche, from Late Latin diēs Dominicus (literally “day of the Lord”) via an evolution like *didominicu > *diominicu. Compare Catalan diumenge and Occitan dimenge.


Rebecca

a female given name, equivalent to English Rebecca


fini

fr-adj

fini (feminine finie, masculine plural finis, feminine plural finies)

finie (feminine)
finis (masculine plural)
finies (feminine plural)

(technical, philosophy) limited, finite (which has an end)

(grammar) finite (inflected for person or number)


sens

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French sens, sen, san (“sense, reason, direction”), partly borrowed from Latin sēnsus (“sense, sensation, feeling, meaning”), from sentiō (“feel, perceive”); partly from Frankish *sinn (“sense, reason, mental faculty, way, direction”) (via Vulgar Latin *sennus), from Proto-West Germanic *sinn (“mind, meaning”), particularly in the sense of "direction". Both Latin and Germanic from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”). Compare also French assener (“to thrust out”), forcené (“maniac”). More at send.

der

le sens ultime de la vie

Les mots ont un sens.


ouïe

Deverbal of ouïr, corresponding to Latin audīta < audītus. Compare Occitan ausida, Catalan oïda, Spanish oído, Portuguese ouvido, Italian udito, Romansch udida, Friulian uldide.

Near-synonym: audition


moyen

fr-adj

moyen (feminine moyenne, masculine plural moyens, feminine plural moyennes)

moyenne (feminine)
moyens (masculine plural)
moyennes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French moyen, from Old French moien, earlier meien, inherited from Latin mediānus. Doublet of médian, a borrowing, and also of misaine.

[N]ormalement, le vocalisme radical du parfait moyen est semblable à celui de l’aoriste passif[.]

1976, Cornelius J. Ruigh, “Observations sur la flexion des verbes du type τρίβω, φρύγω: l'origine des alternances ῑ/ῐ et ῡ/ῠ”, in Studies in Greek, Italic, and Indo-European linguistics: offered to Leonard R. Palmer on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, June 5, 1976, →ISBN, page 340:

Normally, the root vocalism of the perfect middle is similar to that of the aorist passive.


église

Antillean Creole: légliz

Guianese Creole: légliz

Haitian Creole: legliz

Karipúna Creole French: legliz

Louisiana Creole: legliz

→ Malagasy: eglizy

Seychellois Creole: legliz

→ Tayo: leglis

Inherited from Middle French eglise, from Old French eglise, esglise, from Vulgar Latin *eclesia, from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “gathering”).
* Cognate with Catalan església, Italian chiesa, Portuguese igreja, Spanish iglesia


tête

[tɛɪ̯tʰ]

Inherited from Middle French teste, from Old French teste, from Latin testa (“pot, jug, brick”). Replaced French chef (from Latin caput), which is still used in some expressions.

Ce type-là, c’est une tête

That guy is bright (literally, “That guy, he's a head”)

(colloquial) a bright spark, a quick study


coulis

fr-adj

coulis (feminine coulisse, masculine plural coulis, feminine plural coulisses)

coulisse (feminine)
coulis (masculine plural)
coulisses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French colëiz, colediz, from Vulgar Latin *colātīcius, from Latin colāre. By surface analysis, couler + -is.


ventre

Inherited from Middle French ventre, from Old French ventre, from Latin ventrem, from Proto-Indo-European *wend-tri-.


coulisse

→ Catalan: colís

→ Dutch: coulisse

→ English: coulisse

→ German: Kulisse

→ Polish: kulisa

→ Crimean Tatar: kulisa

→ Hungarian: kulissza

→ Spanish: colisa

→ Swedish: kuliss

(music, lutherie, bowmaking) underslide, underslide channel


valoir

valoir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
valant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
valu (participle past)
vaux (first-person indicative present singular)
vaus (indicative present second-person singular)
vaut (indicative present singular third-person)
valons (first-person indicative plural present)
valez (indicative plural present second-person)
valent (indicative plural present third-person)
valais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
valais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
valait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
valions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
valiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
valaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
valus (first-person historic indicative past singular)
valus (historic indicative past second-person singular)
valut (historic indicative past singular third-person)
valûmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
valûtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
valurent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
vaudrai (first-person future indicative singular)
vaudras (future indicative second-person singular)
vaudra (future indicative singular third-person)
vaudrons (first-person future indicative plural)
vaudrez (future indicative plural second-person)
vaudront (future indicative plural third-person)
vaudrais (conditional first-person singular)
vaudrais (conditional second-person singular)
vaudrait (conditional singular third-person)
vaudrions (conditional first-person plural)
vaudriez (conditional plural second-person)
vaudraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
vaille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vailles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vaille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
valions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
valiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vaillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
valusse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
valusses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
valût (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
valussions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
valussiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
valussent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vaux (imperative second-person singular)
valons (first-person imperative plural)
valez (imperative plural second-person)
se valoir (infinitive reflexive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction reflexive)
se valant (gerund participle present reflexive)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
valu (participle past reflexive)
me vaux (first-person indicative present reflexive singular)
te vaus (indicative present reflexive second-person singular)
se vaut (indicative present reflexive singular third-person)
nous valons (first-person indicative plural present reflexive)
vous valez (indicative plural present reflexive second-person)
se valent (indicative plural present reflexive third-person)
me valais (first-person imperfect indicative reflexive singular)
te valais (imperfect indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se valait (imperfect indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous valions (first-person imperfect indicative plural reflexive)
vous valiez (imperfect indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se valaient (imperfect indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me valus (first-person historic indicative past reflexive singular)
te valus (historic indicative past reflexive second-person singular)
se valut (historic indicative past reflexive singular third-person)
nous valûmes (first-person historic indicative past plural reflexive)
vous valûtes (historic indicative past plural reflexive second-person)
se valurent (historic indicative past plural reflexive third-person)
me vaudrai (first-person future indicative reflexive singular)
te vaudras (future indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se vaudra (future indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous vaudrons (first-person future indicative plural reflexive)
vous vaudrez (future indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se vaudront (future indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me vaudrais (conditional first-person reflexive singular)
te vaudrais (conditional reflexive second-person singular)
se vaudrait (conditional reflexive singular third-person)
nous vaudrions (conditional first-person plural reflexive)
vous vaudriez (conditional plural reflexive second-person)
se vaudraient (conditional plural reflexive third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
me vaille (first-person present reflexive singular subjunctive)
te vailles (present reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se vaille (present reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous valions (first-person plural present reflexive subjunctive)
vous valiez (plural present reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se vaillent (plural present reflexive subjunctive third-person)
me valusse (first-person imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive)
te valusses (imperfect reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se valût (imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous valussions (first-person imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive)
vous valussiez (imperfect plural reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se valussent (imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive third-person)
vaux-toi (imperative reflexive second-person singular)
valons-nous (first-person imperative plural reflexive)
valez-vous (imperative plural reflexive second-person)

Inherited from Middle French valoir, from Old French valoir, valeir, from Latin valēre, from Proto-Italic *walēō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥h₁éh₁yeti, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”).

Une année-lumière vaut donc approximativement 63 241 [soixante-trois-mille-deux-cent-quarante-et-une] unités astronomiques.

One light year is equal to approximately 63,241 astronomical units.

(transitive, mathematics) to be equal to


voyelle

Inherited from Old French voyeul m, inherited from Latin vōcālis. Doublet of vocal.


manteau

→ English: manteau, mantua

→ Japanese: マント (manto)

→ Korean: 망토 (mangto)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مانتو (manto)

> Turkish: manto (inherited)

→ Persian: مانتو (mânto)

→ Romanian: manta, mantou

→ Russian: манто (manto)

Inherited from Latin mantellum, diminutive of mantum. Compare Italian mantello.


sape

Inherited from Old French sappe, from Latin sappa. Compare Italian zappa, Friulian sape, Romanian sapă.


marmite

→ Catalan: marmita

→ English: marmite

→ Portuguese: marmita

→ Spanish: marmita

→ Greek: μαρμίτα (marmíta)

In Middle French (attested 1388) used in the sense of an earthen or metal cooking-pot; later (17th century) also of bombs or grenades from their resemblance to iron cooking-pots.
Earlier, the noun Old French marmite meant "hypocrite" (attested 1223); the semantic development is explained as the cooking-pot being covered and not revealing its interior (thus being "hypocritical", as compared to e.g. a cooking-pan or a plate).
The etymology of marmite "hypocrite" is explained as a compound of marmotter (“to mutter”) (from an onomatopoeic base mar- "murmur") and mite (“cat”) (an obsolete word for "cat", probably also onomatopoeic, i.e. imitative of meowing, extant only in the compound chattemite), and thus describing a person being evasive by "murmuring" or "meowing" instead of speaking plainly.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

(metonymically) meal prepared in a cooking pot

(dated, slang) prostitute, especially one past the first youth, the "flesh pot" of the souteneur


servir

servir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
servant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
servi (participle past)
sers (first-person indicative present singular)
sers (indicative present second-person singular)
sert (indicative present singular third-person)
servons (first-person indicative plural present)
servez (indicative plural present second-person)
servent (indicative plural present third-person)
servais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
servais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
servait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
servions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
serviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
servaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
servis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
servis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
servit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
servîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
servîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
servirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
servirai (first-person future indicative singular)
serviras (future indicative second-person singular)
servira (future indicative singular third-person)
servirons (first-person future indicative plural)
servirez (future indicative plural second-person)
serviront (future indicative plural third-person)
servirais (conditional first-person singular)
servirais (conditional second-person singular)
servirait (conditional singular third-person)
servirions (conditional first-person plural)
serviriez (conditional plural second-person)
serviraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
serve (first-person present singular subjunctive)
serves (present second-person singular subjunctive)
serve (present singular subjunctive third-person)
servions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
serviez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
servent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
servisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
servisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
servît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
servissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
servissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
servissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sers (imperative second-person singular)
servons (first-person imperative plural)
servez (imperative plural second-person)
se servir (infinitive reflexive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction reflexive)
se servant (gerund participle present reflexive)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
servi (participle past reflexive)
me sers (first-person indicative present reflexive singular)
te sers (indicative present reflexive second-person singular)
se sert (indicative present reflexive singular third-person)
nous servons (first-person indicative plural present reflexive)
vous servez (indicative plural present reflexive second-person)
se servent (indicative plural present reflexive third-person)
me servais (first-person imperfect indicative reflexive singular)
te servais (imperfect indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se servait (imperfect indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous servions (first-person imperfect indicative plural reflexive)
vous serviez (imperfect indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se servaient (imperfect indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me servis (first-person historic indicative past reflexive singular)
te servis (historic indicative past reflexive second-person singular)
se servit (historic indicative past reflexive singular third-person)
nous servîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural reflexive)
vous servîtes (historic indicative past plural reflexive second-person)
se servirent (historic indicative past plural reflexive third-person)
me servirai (first-person future indicative reflexive singular)
te serviras (future indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se servira (future indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous servirons (first-person future indicative plural reflexive)
vous servirez (future indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se serviront (future indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me servirais (conditional first-person reflexive singular)
te servirais (conditional reflexive second-person singular)
se servirait (conditional reflexive singular third-person)
nous servirions (conditional first-person plural reflexive)
vous serviriez (conditional plural reflexive second-person)
se serviraient (conditional plural reflexive third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
me serve (first-person present reflexive singular subjunctive)
te serves (present reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se serve (present reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous servions (first-person plural present reflexive subjunctive)
vous serviez (plural present reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se servent (plural present reflexive subjunctive third-person)
me servisse (first-person imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive)
te servisses (imperfect reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se servît (imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous servissions (first-person imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive)
vous servissiez (imperfect plural reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se servissent (imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive third-person)
sers-toi (imperative reflexive second-person singular)
servons-nous (first-person imperative plural reflexive)
servez-vous (imperative plural reflexive second-person)
s'en servir (infinitive)
s'en être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
s’en servant (gerund participle present)
s'en étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
servi (participle past)
m’en sers (first-person indicative present singular)
t’en sers (indicative present second-person singular)
s’en sert (indicative present singular third-person)
nous en servons (first-person indicative plural present)
vous en servez (indicative plural present second-person)
s’en servent (indicative plural present third-person)
m’en servais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
t’en servais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
s’en servait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
nous en servions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vous en serviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
s’en servaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
m’en servis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
t’en servis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
s’en servit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
nous en servîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
vous en servîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
s’en servirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
m’en servirai (first-person future indicative singular)
t’en serviras (future indicative second-person singular)
s’en servira (future indicative singular third-person)
nous en servirons (first-person future indicative plural)
vous en servirez (future indicative plural second-person)
s’en serviront (future indicative plural third-person)
m’en servirais (conditional first-person singular)
t’en servirais (conditional second-person singular)
s’en servirait (conditional singular third-person)
nous en servirions (conditional first-person plural)
vous en serviriez (conditional plural second-person)
s’en serviraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of s'en être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
m’en serve (first-person present singular subjunctive)
t’en serves (present second-person singular subjunctive)
s’en serve (present singular subjunctive third-person)
nous en servions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vous en serviez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
s’en servent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
m’en servisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
t’en servisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
s’en servît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nous en servissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vous en servissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
s’en servissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sers-t’en (imperative second-person singular)
servons-nous-en (first-person imperative plural)
servez-vous-en (imperative plural second-person)

→ German: servieren

Norwegian Bokmål: servere

Haitian Creole: sèvi

audio

Inherited from Middle French servir, from Old French servir, from Latin servīre.

on n’est jamais mieux servi que par soi-même

rien ne sert de courir, il faut partir à point

(sports) to serve (start a point with service)

(sports) to set up (pass to, in order to give a scoring chance)


scène

→ Persian: سن (sen)

Inherited from Middle French scene (first attested in 1486), borrowed from Latin scaena, scena, from Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene, stage”).

der

Corneille, Racine, Molière, Voltaire ont illustré la scène française.
Corneille, Racine, Molière, Voltaire have glorified French theater.


nonchalant

fr-adj

nonchalant (feminine nonchalante, masculine plural nonchalants, feminine plural nonchalantes)

nonchalante (feminine)
nonchalants (masculine plural)
nonchalantes (feminine plural)

→ Danish: nonchalant

→ Dutch: nonchalant

→ English: nonchalant

→ German: nonchalant

→ Swedish: nonchalant

Present participle of Old French nonchaloir (“to have no importance”), from non + chaloir, equivalent to Latin non (“not”) + calēre (“to be warm”).


lemme

Borrowed from the Latin lemma, itself a borrowing from the Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmmă).


frisbee

Borrowed from English. Genericized trademark.


partition

→ Turkish: partisyon

Inherited from Old French particion, from Latin partītiōnem. By surface analysis, partir + -tion.

(heraldry) a (geometrical) division using two colors

(music) a score, often comprising all parts


Abraham

a male given name, equivalent to English Abraham


âge

Inherited from Middle French âge, from Old French aage, eage, edage, from Vulgar Latin *aetāticum, derived from Latin aetātem.
The transition from aé to aage was done by the addition of the suffix -age, apparently because the first form was too short; aé + -age.


diamant

→ Czech: diamant

→ Romanian: diamant

Inherited from Middle French diamant, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, probably from metathesis of adimas (whence aimant), from Latin adamās, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


diamant

Borrowed from Dutch diamant, used by Dirck Voskens who first cut it around 1700, presumably naming it by analogy with the larger perle.

(uncountable, printing, dated) excelsior (a small size of type, standardized as 3 point)


clair de lune

Et leur chanson se mêle au clair de lune, / Au calme clair de lune triste et beau, / Qui fait rêver les oiseaux dans les arbres / Et sangloter d’extase les jets d’eau, / Les grands jets d’eau sveltes parmi les marbres.

1869, Paul Verlaine, Clair de lune [Moonlight]:

And their song blends with the moonlight, / With the sad and beautiful moonlight, / Which sets the birds in the trees dreaming, / And makes the fountains sob with ecstasy, / The tall slim water streams among the marble statues.


cuivre

fr-noun

cuivre m (countable and uncountable, plural cuivres)

Inherited from Old French cuivre, quivre, queivre, coivre, from Latin Cyprium, cupreum (aes) (compare cuprum) from Ancient Greek Κῠ́προς (Kŭ́pros, “Cyprus”). It was not uncommon for Greek short ῠ (pronounced in Classical Attic as /y/) to be adapted as Latin short ŭ. This would normally yield Proto-Western-Romance *[o], but a following palatal sound apparently could cause *[o] to be raised to *[u] (or alternatively, the original close quality of Latin short ŭ to be retained) early enough for the sound change of Proto-Western-Romance *[u] > Old French [y] to apply, yielding the now standard form with ⟨ui⟩ (Old French [yj], modern French [ɥi]). Compare truite from Late Latin tructa, puits from Latin puteus, and huis from Latin ōstium. (But ⟨oi⟩ is seen in forms such as rasoir < rasōrium). Compare the development of ēbrius to French ivre (as opposed to *oivre). A competing explanation supposes a sporadic lowering of Latin ŭ to ŏ (yielding *coprium) or of Western Romance *o to *ɔ, since *ɔ was regularly diphthongized to *uɔ before a palatal and the resulting triphthong *uɔi was simplified to Old French ui (compare corium > cuir).

der

Coordinate term: bois


vieux

fr-adj

vieux (masculine singular before vowel vieil, feminine vieille, masculine plural vieux, feminine plural vieilles)

vieil (before-vowel masculine singular)
vieille (feminine)
vieux (masculine plural)
vieilles (feminine plural)

Louisiana Creole: vye, vyé

From Middle French vieulx, from Old French viel, from Late Latin veclus, from Latin vetulus.

Au temps de sa pire misère, il remarquait que les jeunes filles se retournaient quand il passait, et il se sauvait ou se cachait, la mort dans l’âme. Il pensait qu’elles le regardaient pour ses vieux habits et qu’elles en riaient, le fait est qu’elles le regardaient pour sa grâce et qu’elles en rêvaient.

1862, Victor Hugo, chapter 1, in Les Misérables, Tome III : Marius, book 6:

At the period of his most abject misery, he had observed that young girls turned round when he passed by, and he fled or hid, with death in his soul. He thought that they were staring at him because of his old clothes, and that they were laughing at them; the fact is, that they stared at him because of his grace, and that they dreamed of him.

ce n’est pas à un vieux singe qu’on apprend à faire des grimaces

c’est dans les vieux pots qu’on fait la meilleure soupe

laisser tomber comme une vieille chaussette


émeraude

Inherited from Old French esmeralde, esmeragde, from Vulgar Latin *smaralda, *smaraldus, *smaraudus, variant of Latin smaragdus (“emerald”), from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos, “emerald”), from a Semitic language.


moule

Inherited from Old French modle, an old (11th century) borrowing from Latin modulus (“measure”) (compare Catalan motlle). Doublet of module, a more recent borrowing.

(art, manufacturing) mould (UK), mold (US)


moule

Inherited from Old French moule, from Vulgar Latin *mŭsclus, from Latin mūsculus. Doublet of muscle.


Foucault

(physics) the French physicist Jean Bernard Léon Foucault

(philosophy) the French philosopher Michel Foucault


éclat

→ English: éclat

→ German: Eklat

Deverbal from éclater (“to burst”), from Middle French esclater (“to break, break violently”), from Old French esclater (“to separate from, sunder out”) (deverbal also in Old French esclat), from Frankish *slaitan (“to split, break”), from Proto-Germanic *slaitijaną, causative of Proto-Germanic *slītaną (“to cut up, split”). Akin to Old High German sleizan (“to tear”), Old English slītan (“to split”). More at slice, slit, slate, slat.

der

Il a été blessé par un éclat d’obus.

(Louisiana, in the plural) tinder, kindling


ordre

→ Danish: ordre

→ Norwegian Bokmål: ordre

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ordre

Inherited from Old French ordre, ordene, borrowed from Latin ōrdinem (accusative of ōrdo). Doublet of the inherited orne, now a regional term with a specialized agricultural sense.

ordre alphabétique

ordre des mots

order (way in which things are arranged)

un chiffre de l’ordre de 2 millions

a number in the region of 2 million/a number around 2 million/2 million or so

c’est de l’ordre des siréniens


sacerdotal

fr-adj

sacerdotal (feminine sacerdotale, masculine plural sacerdotaux, feminine plural sacerdotales)

sacerdotale (feminine)
sacerdotaux (masculine plural)
sacerdotales (feminine plural)


collectionneur

fr-noun

collectionneur m (plural collectionneurs, feminine collectionneuse)

collectionneurs (plural)
collectionneuse (feminine)


articulation

→ Turkish: artikülasyon

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō. By surface analysis, articuler + -ation.

lbor

(anatomy) joint (joint with freedom to rotate)

mode d’articulation ― manner of articulation

point d’articulation ― place of articulation

(phonetics) articulation (emission of a sound)

(music) articulation (manner in which a note or a group of notes is played)


saison

→ Czech: sezóna

→ German: Saison

→ Greek: σεζόν (sezón)

→ Polish: sezon

→ Romanian: sezon

→ Russian: сезо́н (sezón)

→ Turkish: sezon

→ Ukrainian: сезо́н (sezón)

→ Dutch: seizoen

Inherited from Old French saison, seson, seison, inherited from Latin satiō, satiōnem (“act of sowing, planting”).

inh

season (one of the four parts of the year in temperate regions: winter, spring, summer and autumn)

La saison de ski

La saison des fraises

season (a certain time of the year, when something in particular happens)

(sports) season (the time of the year when teams compete)


lignite

From Latin lignum n (“firewood”) + -ite.


flic

fr-noun

flic m (plural flics, feminine fliquesse)

From earlier flique, probably a borrowing of German Flick, German criminal slang for "young man".
Alternatively, from earlier fligue, short for earlier fligman, a borrowing of German Fliege (“policeman”, literally “fly”). More at English fly.

bor

(slang, derogatory) copper, pig, rozzer; (police officer)


pute

From Old French pute (nominative singular of putain) – perhaps from:.
* a Vulgar Latin *pūtta, from a supposed Latin *puta (“girl”), female form of putus (“boy”) (a hapax legomenon of dubious reading)
* from the feminine form of put (“stinking, fetid”), from Latin pūtidus (“stinking”), therefore effectively inherited from Latin pūtida; this is the preferred etymology of the Trésor de la langue française informatisé
Cognate with puta in the Gallo-Romance and Ibero-Romance areas (including Catalan puta, Spanish puta, Portuguese puta, Galician puta, Asturian puta), as well as Old Italian putta (“girl”).

Aller aux putes

(vulgar, colloquial) bitch, slut (promiscuous woman)


oreille

Mauritian Creole: zorey

desc

Réunion Creole French: zoreilles, z'oreilles, zorey

French: zoreille, zorey

desctree

Saint Dominican Creole French: z'oreille
Haitian Creole: zòrèy

Seychellois Creole: zorey

→ Esperanto: orelo

Inherited from Middle French oreille, from Old French oreille, from Vulgar Latin oricla, from Latin auricula, diminutive of auris, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws. Cognate with Catalan and Galician orella; Portuguese orelha; Italian orecchio; Occitan aurelha; Romanian ureche; and Spanish oreja. Compare zoreille, zorey.

chien hargneux a toujours l’oreille déchirée

rentrer par une oreille et ressortir par l’autre


niveau

→ Danish: niveau

→ Dutch: niveau

→ German: Niveau

→ Norwegian Bokmål: nivå

→ Romanian: nivel

→ Serbo-Croatian: nivo

→ Swedish: nivå

→ Turkish: nivo

→ Yiddish: ניוואָ (nivo)

Inherited from Old French nivel, livel, from Vulgar Latin *libellus m, from Latin lībella f. Cognate with English level and Portuguese nível.

Cet ancien niveau marche toujours bien

Il faut complèter ce niveau pour gagner l’épée magique.

You have to complete this level to earn the magic sword.


chips

chips f or (canonical masculine plural singular)

Puis je prends une chips, que je mange!

2006 November 21, “Regard [Glare]”, in デスノート [Death Note], spoken by Light Yagami (Alexis Tomassian), Nice Fellow, via MCM:

(Anglicism) chips (American English), crisps (British English)


ganglion

→ Romanian: ganglion

→ Turkish: gangliyon


peur

Inherited from Middle French peur, from Old French peor, poür, from Latin pavōrem (“fear, fright”). Compare Catalan por and Italian paura.


catafalque

→ English: catafalque (see there for further descendants)

→ German: Katafalk

Borrowed from Italian catafalco, from Vulgar Latin *catafalicum, from Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “down”) + Latin fala (“scaffolding, wooden siege tower”), which is from Etruscan. Doublet of échafaud.

der

J’avais vu la Place Rouge, quelques jours auparavant, lors des funérailles de Gorki. J’avais vu ce même peuple [...] défiler longuement, interminablement, dans la grande Salle des Colonnes, devant le catafalque.

1936, André Gide, Retour de l'U.R.S.S., Gallimard, →ISBN:

I had seen Red Square, several days before, during Gorky's funeral. I had seen this same people […] file for a long time, interminably, past the catafalque in the great Hall of Columns.

À l’église, Octave s’absorbe dans la contemplation du haut catafalque sur lequel reposent, comme la dépouille mince et dorée d’un grand insecte, l’uniforme et les ordres du défunt.

1974, Marguerite Yourcenar, Souvenirs pieux, Gallimard, →ISBN, page 207:


Raymond

a male given name, equivalent to English Raymond


Maria

From Vulgate Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), from Aramaic מרים (Maryām), corresponding to the Hebrew מרים (Miryām). A Latinate variant of the vernacular French Marie.


bigouden

a traditional head-dress made of lace from the Pays Bigouden in south west Brittany.


souris

Michif: soorii

Inherited from Middle French souris, from Old French soris, soriz, from Vulgar Latin *sōrīcem, alteration of the Classical Latin sōricem (“shrew”).
The computing sense is a semantic loan from English mouse.


Claude

Borrowed from Latin Claudius m, Claudia f.

a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Claude

a diminutive of the female given name Claudette, from Latin, equivalent to English Claudia; variant forms Claudie, Claudine, Claudia


mdr

Initialism of mort de rire (literally “dead of laughter”).

initialism

mdr c trop bon ça


secrétaire

fr-noun

secrétaire m or f by sense (plural secrétaires)

→ Polish: sekretarz

→ Romanian: secretar

→ Turkish: sekreter

Borrowed from Medieval Latin secrētārius, from Latin secrētus.


denier

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French denier, inherited from Latin dēnārius. Doublet of dénaire.


grammatical

fr-adj

grammatical (feminine grammaticale, masculine plural grammaticaux, feminine plural grammaticales)

grammaticale (feminine)
grammaticaux (masculine plural)
grammaticales (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French grammatical, from Late Latin grammaticālis.


dressing

dressing room (small walk-in room off a bedroom)


mari

Louisiana Creole: mari

Inherited from Old French mari, from Latin marītus.


esprit

→ Czech: esprit

→ English: esprit

→ Polish: spryt

→ Turkish: espri (“humor, joke”)

Inherited from Middle French esperit, from Old French, borrowed from Latin spiritus through Ecclesiastical Latin and Christian religious texts.

(metonymically) human being, as possessing abilities of mind


chevron

→ English: chevron

→ Russian: шевро́н (ševrón)

Inherited from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *capriōnem, from *capreus, cf. also caprone. Ultimately from Latin caper (“goat”).


ravi

fr-adj

ravi (feminine ravie, masculine plural ravis, feminine plural ravies)

ravie (feminine)
ravis (masculine plural)
ravies (feminine plural)

Il a demandé leur avis à des tas de gens ravis / Ravis, de donner leur avis sur la vie

2001, Alain Souchon (lyrics and music), “La vie ne vaut rien”:

thrilled, overjoyed, delighted, ravished, chuffed


enculer

enculer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
enculant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
enculé (participle past)
encule (first-person indicative present singular)
encules (indicative present second-person singular)
encule (indicative present singular third-person)
enculons (first-person indicative plural present)
enculez (indicative plural present second-person)
enculent (indicative plural present third-person)
enculais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
enculais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
enculait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
enculions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
enculiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
enculaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
enculai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
enculas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
encula (historic indicative past singular third-person)
enculâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
enculâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
enculèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
enculerai (first-person future indicative singular)
enculeras (future indicative second-person singular)
enculera (future indicative singular third-person)
enculerons (first-person future indicative plural)
enculerez (future indicative plural second-person)
enculeront (future indicative plural third-person)
enculerais (conditional first-person singular)
enculerais (conditional second-person singular)
enculerait (conditional singular third-person)
enculerions (conditional first-person plural)
enculeriez (conditional plural second-person)
enculeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
encule (first-person present singular subjunctive)
encules (present second-person singular subjunctive)
encule (present singular subjunctive third-person)
enculions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
enculiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
enculent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
enculasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
enculasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
enculât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
enculassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
enculassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
enculassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
encule (imperative second-person singular)
enculons (first-person imperative plural)
enculez (imperative plural second-person)


calorie

→ Romanian: calorie

→ Turkish: kalori

1845, formed from Latin calor + -ie. Cf. also French chaleur.


chicane

→ Danish: chikane

→ English: chicane

→ German: Schikane f

→ Portuguese: chicana

(road transport) Chicane (obstruction designed to reduce speed), double road bend


japonaiserie

From japonais + -erie. Compare japonerie.

(art) Japonism, a style in art, or an artistic object, that reflects the influence of Japanese art


foi

Inherited from Middle French foy, from Old French foi, fei, feid, from Latin fidem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to command, to persuade, to trust”).


coccyx

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόκκυξ (kókkux).


amuse-bouche

fr-noun

amuse-bouche m (plural amuse-bouche or amuse-bouches)

amuse-bouche (plural)
amuse-bouches (plural)

From amuse + bouche; a bowdlerization of amuse-gueule.


cervical

fr-adj

cervical (feminine cervicale, masculine plural cervicaux, feminine plural cervicales)

cervicale (feminine)
cervicaux (masculine plural)
cervicales (feminine plural)

→ English: cervical

Learned borrowing from New Latin cervicālis, formed from the root of Latin cervix (“the neck, nape of the neck”) and -alis (see -al).

der

vertèbre cervicale


phalange

Borrowed from either Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx) or Latin phalangem. Doublet of palanque and palanche. See also the related planche.


Lolita

Elle était Lo le matin, Lo tout court, un mètre quarante-huit en chaussettes, debout sur un seul pied. Elle était Lola en pantalon. Elle était Dolly à l’école. Elle était Dolorès sur le pointillé des formulaires. Mais dans mes bras, c’était toujours Lolita.

1963, Vladimir Nabokov, Éric Kahane, chapter 1, in Lolita: Traduit de l'anglais par E.H. Kahane. Roman, Livre de poche (impr. Brodard et Taupin):

She was Lo in the morning, just Lo, one meter forty-eight in socks, standing on one foot. She was Lola in slacks. She was Dolly at school. She was Dolores on the dotted line of forms. But in my arms, she was always Lolita.


reggae

From Jamaican Creole rege (“rags; a quarrel”), see rag.


a

The first letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Abby

Borrowed from English Abby in the 20th century.


Alexia

a female given name, equivalent to English Alexia


Allemand

fr-noun

Allemand m (plural Allemands, feminine Allemande)

Turkish: Alman


Alsacien

Alsacien m (plural Alsaciens, feminine Alsacienne)

Alsaciens (plural)
Alsacienne (feminine)


Américain

Américain m (plural Américains, feminine Américaine)

Américains (plural)
Américaine (feminine)

United States of America
United States of America

American; someone born in, or a citizen or inhabitant of, the United States of America


Ange

a male or female given name, also used in compound names like Marie-Ange