rendre

rendre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rendant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
rendu (participle past)
rends (first-person indicative present singular)
rends (indicative present second-person singular)
rend (indicative present singular third-person)
rendons (first-person indicative plural present)
rendez (indicative plural present second-person)
rendent (indicative plural present third-person)
rendais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rendais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rendait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rendions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rendiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rendaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rendis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
rendis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
rendit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
rendîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
rendîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
rendirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
rendrai (first-person future indicative singular)
rendras (future indicative second-person singular)
rendra (future indicative singular third-person)
rendrons (first-person future indicative plural)
rendrez (future indicative plural second-person)
rendront (future indicative plural third-person)
rendrais (conditional first-person singular)
rendrais (conditional second-person singular)
rendrait (conditional singular third-person)
rendrions (conditional first-person plural)
rendriez (conditional plural second-person)
rendraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
rende (first-person present singular subjunctive)
rendes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
rende (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rendions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rendiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rendent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rendisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rendisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rendît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rendissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rendissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rendissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rends (imperative second-person singular)
rendons (first-person imperative plural)
rendez (imperative plural second-person)
se rendre (infinitive reflexive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction reflexive)
se rendant (gerund participle present reflexive)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present reflexive)
rendu (participle past reflexive)
me rends (first-person indicative present reflexive singular)
te rends (indicative present reflexive second-person singular)
se rend (indicative present reflexive singular third-person)
nous rendons (first-person indicative plural present reflexive)
vous rendez (indicative plural present reflexive second-person)
se rendent (indicative plural present reflexive third-person)
me rendais (first-person imperfect indicative reflexive singular)
te rendais (imperfect indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se rendait (imperfect indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous rendions (first-person imperfect indicative plural reflexive)
vous rendiez (imperfect indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se rendaient (imperfect indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me rendis (first-person historic indicative past reflexive singular)
te rendis (historic indicative past reflexive second-person singular)
se rendit (historic indicative past reflexive singular third-person)
nous rendîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural reflexive)
vous rendîtes (historic indicative past plural reflexive second-person)
se rendirent (historic indicative past plural reflexive third-person)
me rendrai (first-person future indicative reflexive singular)
te rendras (future indicative reflexive second-person singular)
se rendra (future indicative reflexive singular third-person)
nous rendrons (first-person future indicative plural reflexive)
vous rendrez (future indicative plural reflexive second-person)
se rendront (future indicative plural reflexive third-person)
me rendrais (conditional first-person reflexive singular)
te rendrais (conditional reflexive second-person singular)
se rendrait (conditional reflexive singular third-person)
nous rendrions (conditional first-person plural reflexive)
vous rendriez (conditional plural reflexive second-person)
se rendraient (conditional plural reflexive third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect reflexive)
me rende (first-person present reflexive singular subjunctive)
te rendes (present reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se rende (present reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous rendions (first-person plural present reflexive subjunctive)
vous rendiez (plural present reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se rendent (plural present reflexive subjunctive third-person)
me rendisse (first-person imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive)
te rendisses (imperfect reflexive second-person singular subjunctive)
se rendît (imperfect reflexive singular subjunctive third-person)
nous rendissions (first-person imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive)
vous rendissiez (imperfect plural reflexive second-person subjunctive)
se rendissent (imperfect plural reflexive subjunctive third-person)
rends-toi (imperative reflexive second-person singular)
rendons-nous (first-person imperative plural reflexive)
rendez-vous (imperative plural reflexive second-person)

Inherited from Old French rendre, from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere.

de bonnes terres qui rendent deux récoltes par an

good land which yields two harvests a year

Un grain de blé en rend quelquefois plus de soixante.

A grain of wheat sometimes yields more than a sixtyfold.


entier

fr-adj

entier (feminine entière, masculine plural entiers, feminine plural entières)

entière (feminine)
entiers (masculine plural)
entières (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French entier, inherited from Latin integrum (although modified with the -ier suffix analogically). Compare the borrowed doublet intègre.

un chiffre entier

une valeur entière

(arithmetic) whole (of a number), integer


boulet

From Middle French boulet, corresponding to boule + -et.


fourchette

Mon oncle était une fourchette réputée.

Les taux d’équipement par ménage dans la Communauté stagnent, dans une fourchette allant de 96 % en Espagne à 77 % en Suède.

Equipment to household ratios in the Community are becoming stagnant, within a range from 96 % in Spain to 77 % in Sweden.


doublet

doublet (die with the same rolled value as another)


butte

→ English: butte

(archery) a mound of dirt upon which targets were placed to practice shooting


insensible

Inherited from Old French insensible, from Late Latin īnsēnsibilis.


gigolo

→ Persian: ژیگولو (žigulu)


crase

From Ancient Greek κρᾶσις (krâsis, “mixture”).

der

La crase est très employée dans la conversation courante populaire.

Crasis is very often employed in modern colloquial conversation.

τοὐμόν, κἀγώ, κᾆτα sont les crases de τὸ ἐμόν, καὶ ἐγώ, καὶ εἶτα

τοὐμόν, κἀγώ, κᾆτα are the crasic forms of τὸ ἐμόν, καὶ ἐγώ, καὶ εἶτα

(linguistics) crasis (contraction of a vowel at the end of a word with the start of the next word), (especially) in Ancient Greek


insoluble

Learned borrowing from Latin īnsolūbilis.


agent provocateur

fr-noun

agent provocateur m (plural agents provocateurs, feminine agente provocatrice)

agents provocateurs (plural)
agente provocatrice (feminine)

→ English: agent provocateur

→ German: Agent Provocateur

desc

آژان پرووکاتور

→ Persian: آژان پرووکاتور (âžân porovokâtor)

→ Turkish: ajan provokatör

agent provocateur
agent provocateur#English

agent provocateur; instigator, troublemaker


nichon

From nicher (“nestle”) + -on (because the breasts nestle in the blouse, or perhaps because the infant nestles against the breast).


Tyr

Tyre (an ancient city-state in Phoenicia)


Lydia

a female given name, a Latinized variant of Lydie


macule

Borrowed from Latin macula. Doublet of maille, which was inherited.

(rare and literary or sciences, astronomy, medicine, zoology) stain


madrague

Borrowed from Spanish almadraba, from Arabic مضربة (maḍraba), ضرب (ḍaraba). Attested since 1679.

(fishing) madrague (a large fish pound used for the capture of tuna in the Mediterranean, now a forbidden practice in places)


charger

charger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chargeant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
chargé (participle past)
charge (first-person indicative present singular)
charges (indicative present second-person singular)
charge (indicative present singular third-person)
chargeons (first-person indicative plural present)
chargez (indicative plural present second-person)
chargent (indicative plural present third-person)
chargeais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
chargeais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
chargeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
chargions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
chargiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
chargeaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
chargeai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
chargeas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
chargea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
chargeâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
chargeâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
chargèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
chargerai (first-person future indicative singular)
chargeras (future indicative second-person singular)
chargera (future indicative singular third-person)
chargerons (first-person future indicative plural)
chargerez (future indicative plural second-person)
chargeront (future indicative plural third-person)
chargerais (conditional first-person singular)
chargerais (conditional second-person singular)
chargerait (conditional singular third-person)
chargerions (conditional first-person plural)
chargeriez (conditional plural second-person)
chargeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
charge (first-person present singular subjunctive)
charges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
charge (present singular subjunctive third-person)
chargions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
chargiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
chargent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
chargeasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
chargeasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
chargeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
chargeassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
chargeassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
chargeassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
charge (imperative second-person singular)
chargeons (first-person imperative plural)
chargez (imperative plural second-person)

Esperanto: ŝarĝi

Persian: شارژ کردن (šârž kardan)

Inherited from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricāre, from Latin carrus (“four-wheeled baggage wagon”). Compare Spanish cargar.


force majeure

fr-noun

force majeure f (usually uncountable, plural forces majeures)

→ Danish: force majeure

→ English: force majeure

→ Norwegian Bokmål: force majeure

→ Ottoman Turkish: فورس ماژور

Turkish: forsmajör

→ Russian: форс-мажор (fors-mažor)

cas de force majeure


Jasmine

a female given name of modern usage, equivalent to English Jasmine


bourrelet

From bourre + -et (influenced by Old French bourrel).


chlorite

(inorganic chemistry) chlorite (salt of chlorous acid)


bijou

→ Bulgarian: бижу́ (bižú)

→ Dutch: bijou

→ English: bijou

→ German: Bijou

→ Luxembourgish: Bijou

→ Neapolitan: bisciú

Borrowed from Breton bizoù, bizou (“ring”), from biz (“finger”).


tabard

Inherited from Old French tabart (“simple sleeveless overtunic; heavy overmantel”), of unknown origin.


chenille

→ Catalan: xenilla

→ English: chenille

→ Italian: ciniglia

→ Romanian: șenilă

→ Russian: шине́ль (šinélʹ), шени́лл (šeníll)

Inherited from Latin canīcula (“little dog”) (because of a caterpillar's head). Doublet of canicule.


franchise

→ Polish: franczyza

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French franchise (“freedom, privileged liberty”), from franc (“free”) + -ise (from Latin -itia).

inh

(insurance) excess (UK), deductible (US)


franchiser

franchiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
franchisant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
franchisé (participle past)
franchise (first-person indicative present singular)
franchises (indicative present second-person singular)
franchise (indicative present singular third-person)
franchisons (first-person indicative plural present)
franchisez (indicative plural present second-person)
franchisent (indicative plural present third-person)
franchisais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
franchisais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
franchisait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
franchisions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
franchisiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
franchisaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
franchisai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
franchisas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
franchisa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
franchisâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
franchisâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
franchisèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
franchiserai (first-person future indicative singular)
franchiseras (future indicative second-person singular)
franchisera (future indicative singular third-person)
franchiserons (first-person future indicative plural)
franchiserez (future indicative plural second-person)
franchiseront (future indicative plural third-person)
franchiserais (conditional first-person singular)
franchiserais (conditional second-person singular)
franchiserait (conditional singular third-person)
franchiserions (conditional first-person plural)
franchiseriez (conditional plural second-person)
franchiseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
franchise (first-person present singular subjunctive)
franchises (present second-person singular subjunctive)
franchise (present singular subjunctive third-person)
franchisions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
franchisiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
franchisent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
franchisasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
franchisasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
franchisât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
franchisassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
franchisassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
franchisassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
franchise (imperative second-person singular)
franchisons (first-person imperative plural)
franchisez (imperative plural second-person)

From franchise + -er, possibly a calque of English franchise.


cafetière

From café + -ière. Doublet of cafétéria.


brouter

brouter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
broutant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
brouté (participle past)
broute (first-person indicative present singular)
broutes (indicative present second-person singular)
broute (indicative present singular third-person)
broutons (first-person indicative plural present)
broutez (indicative plural present second-person)
broutent (indicative plural present third-person)
broutais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
broutais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
broutait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
broutions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
broutiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
broutaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
broutai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
broutas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
brouta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
broutâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
broutâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
broutèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
brouterai (first-person future indicative singular)
brouteras (future indicative second-person singular)
broutera (future indicative singular third-person)
brouterons (first-person future indicative plural)
brouterez (future indicative plural second-person)
brouteront (future indicative plural third-person)
brouterais (conditional first-person singular)
brouterais (conditional second-person singular)
brouterait (conditional singular third-person)
brouterions (conditional first-person plural)
brouteriez (conditional plural second-person)
brouteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
broute (first-person present singular subjunctive)
broutes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
broute (present singular subjunctive third-person)
broutions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
broutiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
broutent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
broutasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
broutasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
broutât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
broutassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
broutassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
broutassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
broute (imperative second-person singular)
broutons (first-person imperative plural)
broutez (imperative plural second-person)


univers

fr-noun

univers m (countable and uncountable, plural univers)

From Latin ūniversum (“universe”), from adjective ūniversus (“entire”), from ūni- + versus (past participle of vertere (“to turn”)).

af

past participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">vertere</i> (“to turn”)


béguin

fr-noun

béguin m (plural béguins, feminine béguine)

(historical) Beghard, Beguin (religious laymen living in semimonastic communities in imitation of the Beguines)


béguin

a type of headwear once popular with Beguines, similar to a bonnet


béguin

→ English: béguin

J’ai le béguin pour elle.

(informal) crush, fancy (a short-lived and unrequited love or infatuation)


bourdon

Inherited from Middle French bourdon (“honeybee, bumblebee”), from Old French bordon (“bumblebee, drone, beetle, insect”), from Medieval Latin burdō (c. C.E. 1000), first recorded in the Homilies of King Ælfric, glossed by Old English dora (“bumblebee”). Of uncertain origin. Possibly from Frankish *boʀdō, *buʀdō (“beetle, insect”), from Proto-Germanic *buzdô (“beetle, grub”, literally “swelling”), from *būs- (“to erupt, burst, flow rapidly”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūs- (“to move quickly”), related to Old English budda (“beetle”), Middle Low German buddech (“thick, swollen”), Low German budde (“louse, grub”). See bug.

der

c. <small class='ce-date'>C.E.</small> 1000


ji

jay, The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.


chasuble

From Old French chesible, from Late Latin casubla, an alteration of Latin casula (“little cottage, hooded cloak”), a diminutive of casa (“house”).


cingle

From Latin cingula, cingulum (“girdle”).


joie

→ Catalan: joia

Inherited from Old French joie, from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin *gaudia, from Classical Latin gaudium.


ascendance

(meteorology) thermal. Area of rising air used by glider pilots.


derrière

Inherited from Old French deriere, from Late Latin dē retrō, from Latin dē + retrō. Cognate with Italian dietro.

Coordinate term: devant

Va derrière moi.

Je me demande qui est derrière tout ça.

I wonder who is at the bottom of all this.

at the bottom of, behind (covertly responsible for)


derrière

Coordinate term: devant

Il était loin derrière.


derrière

Haitian Creole: dèyè


diapason

fr-noun

diapason m (countable and uncountable, plural diapasons)

→ Portuguese: diapasão

Borrowed from Latin diapason, from Ancient Greek διαπασῶν (diapasôn), that is διά (diá, “through”) + πασῶν (pasôn, “all”) (χορδῶν (khordôn, “notes”)), “through all (notes)”.


demi

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *dimedius, from Latin dīmidius.

Appartements 3 1/2 pièces à louer à Montréal

3.5 room apartments (an apartment unit with a kitchen, a bedroom and a living room, plus a bathroom) for rent in Montreal


vagal

fr-adj

vagal (feminine vagale, masculine plural vagaux, feminine plural vagales)

vagale (feminine)
vagaux (masculine plural)
vagales (feminine plural)


chaperon

From Old French, from chape (“head covering”) as the women who acted as chaperones wore head coverings. Equivalent to chape + -eron. More at English cap, cape.


Tania

a female given name, equivalent to English Tania


Tatiana

Borrowed from Russian Татья́на (Tatʹjána), from Latin Tatiana.


engouement

From engouer (“to become passionate about”) + -ment.


thrombocyte

(hematology, cytology) platelet, thrombocyte


voiture

→ Chadian Arabic: وتير (watīr)

Inherited from Old French voiture, from Latin vectūra.


adorer

adorer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
adorant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
adoré (participle past)
adore (first-person indicative present singular)
adores (indicative present second-person singular)
adore (indicative present singular third-person)
adorons (first-person indicative plural present)
adorez (indicative plural present second-person)
adorent (indicative plural present third-person)
adorais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
adorais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
adorait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
adorions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
adoriez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
adoraient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
adorai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
adoras (historic indicative past second-person singular)
adora (historic indicative past singular third-person)
adorâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
adorâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
adorèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
adorerai (first-person future indicative singular)
adoreras (future indicative second-person singular)
adorera (future indicative singular third-person)
adorerons (first-person future indicative plural)
adorerez (future indicative plural second-person)
adoreront (future indicative plural third-person)
adorerais (conditional first-person singular)
adorerais (conditional second-person singular)
adorerait (conditional singular third-person)
adorerions (conditional first-person plural)
adoreriez (conditional plural second-person)
adoreraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
adore (first-person present singular subjunctive)
adores (present second-person singular subjunctive)
adore (present singular subjunctive third-person)
adorions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
adoriez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
adorent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
adorasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
adorasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
adorât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
adorassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
adorassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
adorassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
adore (imperative second-person singular)
adorons (first-person imperative plural)
adorez (imperative plural second-person)

Haitian Creole: adore

→ Romanian: adora

Inherited from Old French adorer, borrowed from Latin adōrāre.


assurer

assurer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
assurant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
assuré (participle past)
assure (first-person indicative present singular)
assures (indicative present second-person singular)
assure (indicative present singular third-person)
assurons (first-person indicative plural present)
assurez (indicative plural present second-person)
assurent (indicative plural present third-person)
assurais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
assurais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
assurait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
assurions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
assuriez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
assuraient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
assurai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
assuras (historic indicative past second-person singular)
assura (historic indicative past singular third-person)
assurâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
assurâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
assurèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
assurerai (first-person future indicative singular)
assureras (future indicative second-person singular)
assurera (future indicative singular third-person)
assurerons (first-person future indicative plural)
assurerez (future indicative plural second-person)
assureront (future indicative plural third-person)
assurerais (conditional first-person singular)
assurerais (conditional second-person singular)
assurerait (conditional singular third-person)
assurerions (conditional first-person plural)
assureriez (conditional plural second-person)
assureraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
assure (first-person present singular subjunctive)
assures (present second-person singular subjunctive)
assure (present singular subjunctive third-person)
assurions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
assuriez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
assurent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
assurasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
assurasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
assurât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
assurassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
assurassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
assurassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
assure (imperative second-person singular)
assurons (first-person imperative plural)
assurez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Danish: assurere

→ Romanian: asigura (partial calque)

Inherited from Middle French asseurer, from Old French asseürer, from Vulgar Latin *assēcūrāre, from Latin sēcūrus (“safe”). By surface analysis, a- + sûr + -er.


Natalie

a female given name of modern usage, variant of Natalia


humble

From Old French, from Latin humilis (“low, slight, hence mean, humble”) (compare Greek χαμαλός (khamalós, “on the ground, low, trifling”)), from humus (“the earth, ground”), humi (“on the ground”).


guimpe

Inherited from Middle French guimpe, from Old French guimple (“wimple”), from Frankish *wimpil, *wimpila (“head scarf”), from Proto-Germanic *wimpilaz, from *wīpaną ("to wind, sling, garland, swing"; from Proto-Indo-European *wimb-, *weyb- (“to turn, rotate”)) + Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix). Cognate with Old High German wimpal and winfila (“head scarf”), Middle Dutch wumpel (“cap”), Old English wimpel, winpel (“wimple”), Old Norse vimpill (“hood, veil”). Also influenced by Old French guimpre (“a kind of trimming”), from the same Germanic source.


réveil

au réveil


hachure

(cartography) a mapping hachure or the technique itself


centre commercial

fr-noun

centre commercial m (plural centres commerciaux)

mall; shopping center, especially one with multiple floors


tailleur

tailleur m (plural tailleurs, feminine tailleuse)

→ English: tailleur

→ Greek: ταγέρ (tagér)

→ Italian: tailleur

→ Romanian: taior

→ Turkish: tayyör


maillot de bain

maillot de bain m (plural maillots de bain)

LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-maillot de bain.wav

LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-maillot de bain.wav


hadal

fr-adj

hadal (feminine hadale, masculine plural hadaux, feminine plural hadales)

hadale (feminine)
hadaux (masculine plural)
hadales (feminine plural)


Nina

Associated with Ninette and Ninon, French pet forms of Jeannine, Jeanne.


coronavirus

Les pays du G7 vont se concerter pour apporter une réponse face au nouveau coronavirus apparu en Chine, a annoncé dimanche le ministre allemand de la santé, dont le pays est le plus touché au sein de l’Union européenne avec 10 personnes contaminées.

2020 February 3, Isabelle Mandraud, “Partout en Europe, la peur du coronavirus s’installe”, in Le Monde:

The G7 countries will work together to respond to the novel coronavirus which has appeared in China, the German health minister announced on Sunday. His country is the most affected in the European Union, with 10 people infected.


-ite

Borrowed from Latin -ītēs, from Ancient Greek -ίτης (-ítēs).

alvéole (“alveolus”) + -ite → alvéolite (“alveolitis”)

pyro- (“pyro-”) + -ite → pyrite (“pyrite”)


-ite

arsén(ique) (“arsenic”) + -ite → arsénite (“arsenite”)


informaticien

fr-noun

informaticien m (plural informaticiens, feminine informaticienne)

informaticiens (plural)
informaticienne (feminine)

Une revanche très maladroite et inopportune puisque les élus brillent par leur absence et les ingénieurs, informaticiens, physiciens et autres ne déméritent aucunement.

2004 January 16, “Éditorial : Un cautère sur une jambe de bois”, in Aujourd'hui:

A very clumsy and inopportune revenge since the elected officials are conspicuous by their absence, and the engineers, computer scientists, physicists, and others, are in no way deserving.

computer specialist, computer scientist; IT worker


-ate

benzo- (“benzo-”) + -ate → benzoate (“benzoate”)


revers

→ English: rever, revers

→ Romanian: rever

→ Swedish: revär

Inherited from Old French revers, from Latin reversus.


menhir

Borrowed from Breton maen-hir, from maen (“stone”) + hir (“tall”) (compare Welsh maen hir, Cornish mênhere).


Danielle

a female given name, masculine equivalent Daniel


printemps

Louisiana Creole: printem

Inherited from Old French printans, from prime tans (“first time, first season”), from Latin prīmum tempus. Displaced Latin vēr.

Je veux visiter la France au printemps.


VSA

vidéosurveillance algorithmique
vidéosurveillance algorithmique#French

Initialism of vidéosurveillance algorithmique.


oriflamme

Inherited from Old French oriflamme, orie flambe, from Medieval Latin auriflamma (“golden flame”), from Latin aurum (“gold”) + flamma.

der

L’oriflamme de Jeanne d’Arc, une église pavoisée d’oriflammes.
The banner of Jeane d'Arc, a church bedecked with banners.


propre

Inherited from Old French propre, borrowed from Latin proprius.

valeur propre


Descartes

English: Descartes

Descartes (“René Descartes”): A French philosopher and mathematician, who lived from 1596 to 1650.


manchette

→ English: manchette

→ Czech: manžeta

desctree

→ Dutch: manchet
Afrikaans: mansjet
→ Indonesian: manset

→ German: Manschette

→ Haitian Creole: manchèt

→ Hebrew: מנג׳ט

→ Hungarian: mandzsetta

→ Norwegian Bokmål: mansjett

→ Portuguese: manchete

→ Romanian: manșetă

→ Russian: манже́та (manžéta)
→ Uyghur: مانجىت (manjit)
→ Uzbek: manjeta

→ Swedish: manschett

→ Turkish: manşet


lamé

→ English: lamé

→ Greek: λαμέ (lamé)

→ Italian: lamé

→ Japanese: ラメ

→ Polish: lama

→ Spanish: lamé

a type of fabric woven or knit with thin ribbons of metallic fiber usually gold or silver, but sometimes copper, in color


tam-tam

fr-noun

tam-tam m (plural tam-tams or tams-tams)


Tour de France

LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-Tour de France.wav

(cycling) Tour de France (annual cycling race through France)


brevet

Portuguese: brevê, brevete


capitation

Learned borrowing from Latin capitātiōnem.


reprise

(sports) start after a pause, e.g. a second-half kick-off

Le boxeur britannique Anthony Joshua a battu ce samedi 12 décembre à Londres, le Bulgare Kubrat Pulev, par KO à la 9ᵉ reprise.

2020 December 13, rfi, Boxe: Joshua met KO Pulev et reste champion du monde des lourds:

The British boxer Anthony Joshua beat the Bulgarian Kubrat Pulev by KO during the 9th round this saturday the 12th of december in London.

resumption, restart
(thence boxing) a round

repetition, reiteration
(music) a reprise

repetition, reiteration
(music) a cover, cover version

repetition, reiteration
a cover, cover version

repetition, reiteration
(television) a repeat, rerun


plastron

→ Dutch: plastron

→ English: plastron

→ Polish: plastron

→ Romanian: plastron

(zoology) plastron (part of a turtle's shell)

(zoology) breast (front part of certain birds)


semaine

Antillean Creole: simenn

Aruamu: semen

Guianese Creole: simenn

Haitian Creole: semèn

Karipúna Creole French: simén

Louisiana Creole: lasmènn, smènn

desc

Seychellois Creole: lasemenn, semenn, smenn

Tayo: semen

→ Esperanto: semajno

Inherited from Middle French sepmaine, from Old French semaine, from Late Latin septimāna (“week”), from the Latin septimānus (“related to the seventh element of a series”, adjective), derived from septimus (“seventh”).

inh

days of the week: jour de la semaine: lundi · mardi · mercredi · jeudi · vendredi · samedi · dimanche [edit]

Je suis dans ma semaine.


Esther

a female given name, equivalent to English Esther


barrière

desctree

→ Belarusian: бар'е́р (barʺjér), barjer — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)
→ Yiddish: באַריער (baryer)

→ German: Barriere

→ Polish: bariera

→ Russian: барьер (barʹjer)
→ Azerbaijani: baryer
→ Crimean Tatar: baryer
→ Georgian: ბარიერი (barieri)
→? Lithuanian: barjeras
→ Uzbek: baryer
→ Yakut: барьер (barer)

→ Turkish: bariyer

→ Ukrainian: бар'є́р (barʺjér)

Inherited from Old French barriere, from barre, from Vulgar Latin *barra, possibly from Frankish *bara, from Proto-Germanic *barō.


Suzanne

English: Suzanne

a female given name, equivalent to English Susan


traction

Borrowed from Late Latin tractiōnem, from trahō.


marin

Inherited from Middle French marin, from Old French marin, from Latin marīnus.


tramway

→ Romanian: tramway

→ Russian: трамва́й (tramváj)
→ Armenian: տրամվայ (tramvay)
→ Azerbaijani: tramvay
→ Bashkir: трамвай (tramvay)
→ Belarusian: трамва́й (tramváj)
→ Georgian: ტრამვაი (ṭramvai)
→ Kazakh: трамвай (tramvai)
→ Kyrgyz: трамвай (tramvay)
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: трамвай (tramvaj)
Mongolian script: ᠲᠷᠠᠮᠸᠠᠢ (tramwai)
→ Polish: tramwaj
→ Tajik: трамвай (tramvay)
→ Tatar: трамвай (tramway)
→ Turkmen: tramwaý
→ Ukrainian: трамва́й (tramváj)
→ Uyghur: ترامۋاي (tramway)
→ Uzbek: tramvay

→ Persian: تراموای (terâmvây)

→ Turkish: tramvay

Unadapted borrowing from English tramway, from Middle Dutch trame, ultimately from a lost West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) word.

ubor

(rail transport) tram (passenger vehicle)


salon

→ Arabic: صالون

→ Catalan: saló

desctree

→ Dutch: salon
Afrikaans: salon
→ Indonesian: salon
→ Papiamentu: salòn

→ English: salon

→ English: saloon
→ Dutch: saloon
→ Finnish: saluuna
→ French: saloon
→ Russian: салун (salun)
→ Bengali: সেলুন (śelun)
→ Hindi: सैलून (sailūn)

→ Estonian: salong

→ Hebrew: סלון (salón)

→ German: Salon
→ Hungarian: szalon

→ Japanese: サロン

→ Norwegian Bokmål: salong

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: salong

→ Polish: salon

→ Romansch: salun

→ Serbo-Croatian: sàlōn, са̀ло̄н

→ Swedish: salong
→ Finnish: salonki

→ Persian: سالن (sâlon)

→ Turkish: salon

Inherited from Middle French, from Italian salone (“large hall”), augmented form of sala (“hall”), from Lombardic sala (“room, house, entrance hall”), from Proto-Germanic *salą (“dwelling, house, hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate with Old High German sal (“room, house, entrance hall”), Old English sæl (“room, hall, castle”), Old Church Slavonic село (selo, “courtyard, village”), Lithuanian sala (“island”).


sous-titre

(cinematography, television, used more in plural) subtitle (textual versions of the dialogue in films (and similar media such as television or video games), usually displayed at the bottom of the screen)

sous-titrage pour sourds et malentendants

(cinematography, television, used more in plural) caption (a piece of text appearing on screen as subtitle or other part of a film or broadcast, and it describe dialogues and sound for viewers who cannot hear it)

(cinematography, television, used more in plural) closed caption


orgasme

→ Persian: ارگاسم (orgâsm)

→ Romanian: orgasm

→ Turkish: orgazm

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀργασμός (orgasmós, “excitement, swelling”).

bor+

Il est possible, pour l’homme adulte, d’avoir un orgasme sans éjaculer.

It is possible for an adult man to have an orgasm without ejaculating.

L’orgasme humain résulte le plus souvent de la stimulation du pénis ou du clitoris, même si d’autres zones érogènes du corps peuvent être sollicitées.

Human orgasm most often results from stimulation of the penis or clitoris, although other erogenous zones may be stimulated.


implant

Turkish: implant


scalpel

Learned borrowing from Latin scalpellum.


sultan

fr-noun

sultan m (plural sultans, feminine sultane)

→ Faroese: sultánur

→ Portuguese: sultão

Inherited from Middle French sultan (“ruler of a Muslim state”), from Ottoman Turkish سلطان. See English sultan for more.


coronal

fr-adj

coronal (feminine coronale, masculine plural coronaux, feminine plural coronales)

coronale (feminine)
coronaux (masculine plural)
coronales (feminine plural)

From Latin corōnālis, from corōna (“a crown”).

(anatomy, astronomy, botany, phonetics) coronal


tribune

Dutch: tribune
→ Indonesian: tribune

→ Ottoman Turkish: تریبون (tribün)

Turkish: tribün


troubadour

fr-noun

troubadour m (plural troubadours, feminine troubadouresse or trobairitz)

troubadours (plural)
troubadouresse (feminine)
trobairitz (feminine)

Borrowed from Old Occitan trobador (< trobar (“to find”)) via Old French troubadour. Corresponds to the native French trouveur.


Gabrielle

a female given name, masculine equivalent Gabriel


chapeau

Antillean Creole: chapo

→ Chinook Jargon: siyáputl, siyápo

→ Quileute: tsiyá·pos

→ Choctaw: shʋpo, shapo

→ Galician: chapeu

→ German: Chapeau

→ Hausa: shàpô

desc

→ Hebrew: שָׁאפּוֹ

→ Hebrew: שָׁאפּוֹ

→ Iberian:

Catalan: xapó

Galician: chapeu

desctree

Portuguese: chapéu; (obsolete) chapeo
→ Konkani: चेपें (cepẽ)
→ Ladino: chapeo
→ Manado Malay: capeo (“hat”)
→ Swahili: chepeo

Spanish: chapeo

→ Jeju: 사포 (sapo)

→ Narragansett: shapú

Inherited from Middle French chappeau m, from Old French chapel m, from Early Medieval Latin cappellus m, diminutive from Late Latin cappa f. The interjection was originally short for chapeau bas.


séance

→ Albanian: seancë

→ Armenian: սեանս (seans)

→ Bulgarian: сеанс (seans)

→ Crimean Tatar: seans

→ Dutch: seance

→ English: séance

→ German: Séance

→ Hebrew: סיאנס (seyans)

→ Hindi: सेआंस (seāns)

→ Hungarian: szeánsz

→ Indonesian: séance

→ Norwegian Bokmål: seanse

→ Polish: seans

→ Russian: сеа́нс (seáns)

→ Swedish: seans

→ Turkish: seans

→ Ukrainian: сеа́нс (seáns)

From séant + -ance, possibly corresponding to Latin sedentia.


typhon

→ Khmer: ទីហ្វុង (tiifong)

tropical cyclone, typhoon (hurricane in the Pacific)


abat-jour

→ Albanian: abazhur

desc

→ Arabic: أَبَاجُور (ʔabāžūr)

→ Arabic: أَبَاجُور (ʔabāžūr)

→ Hijazi Arabic: أَبَجورة (ʔabajōra)

→ Bulgarian: абажу́р (abažúr)

→ Czech: abažúr

→ English: abatjour

→ Estonian: abažuur

→ Greek: αμπαζούρ (ampazoúr)

→ Ladino: abazur

→ Italian: abat-jour

→ Latvian: abažūrs

→ Lithuanian: abažūras

→ Persian: آباژور (âbâžur)

→ Polish: abażur

desctree

→ Portuguese: abajur, abat-jour, abaju, abajour
→ Hunsrik: Abaschur

→ Romagnol: abat-jour

→ Romanian: abajur

→ Russian: абажу́р (abažúr)
→ Azerbaijani: abajur
→ Bashkir: абажур (abajur)
→ Belarusian: абажу́р (abažúr)
→ Chuvash: абажур (abažur)
→ Eastern Mari: абажур (abažur)
→ Georgian: აბაჟური (abažuri)
→ Kazakh: абажур (abajur)
→ Komi-Zyrian: абажур (abažur)
→ Ossetian: абажур (abažur)
→ Tatar: абажур (abajur)
→ Tajik: абажур (abažur)
→ Udmurt: абажур (abažur)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: аба̀жӯр

Latin script: abàžūr

→ Ottoman Turkish: آباژور (abajur)

Turkish: abajur

→ Ukrainian: абажу́р (abažúr)

From abat (“breaks down”) + jour (“light”).


chaise longue

fr-noun

chaise longue f (plural chaises longues)

Belarusian: шэзло́нг (šezlónh)

Catalan: chaise longue, chaise-longue

Czech: šezlong

Danish: chaiselong

Dutch: chaise longue

Estonian: chaise longue

Georgian: შეზლონგი (šezlongi)

German: Chaiselongue

desc

Greek: σεζλόνγκ (sezlóngk), σαιζλόνγκ (saizlóngk)

Hebrew: שֶׁזְלוֹנְג (shezlóng)

Hungarian: sezlon

Italian: chaise longue, cislonga

Japanese: シェーズ・ロング (shēzu-rongu)

Kashubian: szezelon

Norwegian: sjeselong

Polish: szezlong

Portuguese: chaise longue

Romanian: șezlong

desctree

Russian: шезло́нг (šezlóng)
→ Uzbek: shezlong

Serbo-Croatian: шѐзлонг, šèzlong

Spanish: chaise longue, cheslón

Swedish: schäslong

Turkish: şezlong

Ukrainian: шезло́нг (šezlónh)

Yiddish: שעזלאָנג (shezlong)

chaise longue (reclining chair with a long seat)


cannelure

From Middle French, first attested in 1545 as canneleüre; from canneler (“provide with a channel”), from canne.


soumis

fr-adj

soumis (feminine soumise, masculine plural soumis, feminine plural soumises)

soumise (feminine)
soumis (masculine plural)
soumises (feminine plural)


soumis

fr-noun

soumis m (plural soumis, feminine soumise)

(BDSM) masochist, bottom, submissive, sub


prochain

fr-adj

prochain (feminine prochaine, masculine plural prochains, feminine plural prochaines)

prochaine (feminine)
prochains (masculine plural)
prochaines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French prochain, from Vulgar Latin *propeānus, derived from Latin prope (“near”). Cognate with Sardinian probianu.

la prochaine fois, la fois prochaine

à la prochaine occasion


idée

→ English: idée

→ Persian: ایده (ide)

→ German: Idee

→ Norwegian Bokmål: idé

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: idé

→ Swedish: idé

→ Turkish: ide

Borrowed from Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”), from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”).

der

Tous les enfans ſont des athées; ils n’ont aucune idée de Dieu: ſont-ils donc criminels à cauſe de cette ignorance?

1772, Paul-Henri Thiry (baron d') Holbach, Le Bon-Sens, ou, Idées Naturelles Opposées aux Idées Surnaturelles, London: Marc-Michel Rey, →LCCN, →OL, §30, page 22:

All children are born atheists; they have no idea of God. Are they then criminal on account of their ignorance?

Mourir pour des idées, c’est bien beau mais lesquelles ?

1972, Georges Brassens (lyrics and music), “Mourir pour des idées”, in Fernande:

To die for ideas is all well and good, but which ones?


Osiris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὄσιρις (Ósiris), from Egyptian 𓁹𓊨𓀭.


fléau

Inherited from Old French flaiel, flael, flayau, inherited from Latin flagellum.

La haine en ligne est un fléau d’une immense ampleur.

2020 June 19, “Stopper la haine sur Internet”, in Le Monde:

Online hatred is a scourge of immense scale.

a scourge; a curse, a calamity or a plague

(mechanics) the beam of a mechanical balance


mémoire

Les honneurs publics à la mémoire des grands hommes.

1793, National Convention, Acte constitutionnel [Constitutional Act], Paris: Imprimerie de P. L. Siret, page 10:

The public honors in memory of great men.


mémoire

Haitian Creole: memwa

→ English: memoir

Ils statuent en dernier ressort, sur défenses verbales, ou sur simple mémoire, sans procédures et sans frais.

1793, National Convention, Acte constitutionnel [Constitutional Act], Paris: Imprimerie de P. L. Siret, page 13:

They, in the last resort, rule upon oral defences, or upon [a] mere brief, without procedures and without charges.


résultat

→ Danish: resultat

→ Dutch: resultaat

desctree

→ German: Resultat
→ Albanian: rezultat
→ Bulgarian: резулта́т (rezultát)
→ Serbo-Croatian: rezùltāt / резу̀лта̄т
→ Macedonian: резултат (rezultat)
→ Slovene: rezultát

→ Norwegian Bokmål: resultat

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: resultat

→ Swedish: resultat

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin resultātum, from Latin resultō.


méthode

→ Persian: متد (metod)

desctree

→ Polish: metoda, metod, metodus, metodusz (Middle Polish)
→ Kashubian: metoda
→ Silesian: metŏda

→ Romanian: metodă

→ Turkish: metot

Inherited from Middle French method, borrowed from Latin methodus, from Ancient Greek μέθοδος (méthodos, “pursuit of knowledge, investigation, mode of prosecuting such inquiry, system”), from μετά (metá, “after”) + ὁδός (hodós, “way, motion, journey”).

der

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming


macaque

Haitian Creole: makak

→ Bulgarian: макак (makak)

→ English: macaque

→ German: Makake

→ Romanian: macac

Borrowed from Portuguese macaco, of uncertain origin (see macaco for more).


bulgogi

Borrowed from Korean 불고기 (bulgogi, from 불 (bul, “fire”) + 고기 (gogi, “meat”)).


Tylenol

(North America, pharmacology) Tylenol; a marketed variety of acetaminophen (“paracetamol”)


timbale

→ Portuguese: timbale

Alteration of tamballe (as though formed from cimbale + timbre), from Old Occitan tambala, from Arabic طَبْل (ṭabl).


tympan

Borrowed from Latin tympanum. Doublet of timbre, which was inherited.

(dated or literary, music) various percussion instruments, such as gongs, tympans, tambourines, etc.


cravate

→ Gulf Arabic: كرفتة (karafitta)

→ Dutch: kravat

→ English: cravat

→ Galician: gravata

desctree

→ German: Krawatte
→ Czech: kravata
→ Danish: kravat
→ Serbo-Croatian: kravata
→ Slovak: kravata
→ Ukrainian: краватка (kravatka)

→ Greek: γραβάτα (graváta)

→ Irish: carbhat

→ Italian: cravatta
→ Hijazi Arabic: كرفتة (karafitta, karavitta)
→ Spanish: corbata
→ Cebuano: korbata
→ Maranao: korbata
→ Sambali: korbata
→ Tagalog: kurbata
→ Yogad: kurbata

→ Manx: carvat

→ Persian: کراوات (kerâvât)

→ Polish: krawat

→ Portuguese: gravata

→ Turkish: kravat

→ Vietnamese: cà vạt

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Hrvat (“Croat”).


mairie

→ Moore: meeri


dossard

From dos (“back (of a person)”) + -ard (suffix forming nouns indicating things belonging to or representing particular classes or sorts). Dos is ultimately derived from Latin dorsum (“back of the body”), further etymology uncertain.

af

On va chercher son dossard en vélo (Où sont les dossards?) dans un café ou une salle des fêtes où les dirigeants du club organisateur se tiennent derrière une table, vérifient les licences et font payer deux ou trois francs le dossard […]

1995, Philippe Gaboriau, Le Tour de France et le vélo: histoire sociale d'une épopée contemporaine, Editions L'Harmattan:

(sports) bib; (by extension) start number (on a sportsman's shirt)


rotule

ball-and-socket joint
ball-and-socket joint


UCI

Union Cycliste Internationale
w:Union Cycliste Internationale

Initialism of Union Cycliste Internationale.


locution

Borrowed from Latin locūtiōnem (“speech”), from loqui (“speak”).

bor+

w:Trésor de la langue française informatisé

(linguistics) locution (a group of words with the grammatical value of a single word)


chiffre

→ German: Chiffre

→ Czech: šifra, cifra

→ Ottoman Turkish: شیفره (şifre)

Turkish: şifre

→ Polish: szyfr

→ Russian: шифр (šifr)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ши̏фра, ци̏фра

Latin script: šȉfra, cȉfra

From Medieval Latin cifra (“zero”), from Andalusian Arabic صِفر (ṣifr, “empty”). Doublet of zéro.

cipher (method of transforming a text to conceal meaning)


banque

Borrowings

Arabic: بنك (bank)

Breton: bank

Danish: bank (see there for further descendants)

Dutch: bank (see there for further descendants)

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">la banque</i>

⇒ Haitian Creole: labank (from la banque)

Limburgish: bank

Lingala: bánki

Luxembourgish: Bank

Ngazidja Comorian: banki

Norwegian: bank

Odia: ବାଙ୍କ୍ (bāṅk)

Persian: بانک (bânk) (see there for further descendants)

Turkish: banka

Wolof: bank

⇒ Vietnamese: nhà băng

From Middle French banque, from Italian banca (“counter, moneychanger's table”), from Old High German bank, banch, banc (“counter, bench”), from Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench, counter”).


hypervalent

fr-adj

hypervalent (feminine hypervalente, masculine plural hypervalents, feminine plural hypervalentes)

hypervalente (feminine)
hypervalents (masculine plural)
hypervalentes (feminine plural)


CDM

(sports, cycling, skiing) Initialism of Coupe du Monde. (World Cup (e.g., the World Cup of Skiing, or World Cup of Cycling))


sociologie

→ Afrikaans: sosiologie

→ Belarusian: сацыялогія (sacyjalóhija)

→ English: sociology

→ Czech: sociologie

→ Danish: sociologi

→ Dutch: sociologie

→ Finnish: sosiologia

→ German: Soziologie

→ Georgian: სოციოლოგია (sociologia)

→ Hungarian: szociológia

→ Indonesian: sosiologi

→ Italian: sociologia

→ Japanese: 社会学 (shakaigaku) (calque)

desc

→ Chinese: 社會學 /社会学 (shèhuìxué) (calque)

→ Korean: 사회학 (sahoehak) (calque)

→ Vietnamese: xã hội học (calque)

→ Malay: sosiologi

→ Norwegian: sosiologi

→ Polish: socjologia

→ Portuguese: sociologia

→ Romanian: sociologie

→ Russian: социоло́гия (sociológija)

→ Slovak: sociológia

→ Slovene: sociologija

→ Spanish: sociología

→ Swedish: sociologi

→ Ukrainian: соціологія (sociolohija)

From socio- + -logie (“-logy”), coined by Auguste Comte in 1834.


rafale

Origin uncertain. Possibly related to Italian raffica influenced by affaler.

(meteorology) gust (strong, abrupt rush of wind)

(by extension, military) burst (series of shots fired from an automatic firearm)


naïf

fr-adj

naïf (feminine naïve, masculine plural naïfs, feminine plural naïves)

naïve (feminine)
naïfs (masculine plural)
naïves (feminine plural)

→ Dutch: naïef

→ English: naïf

→ Greek: ναΐφ (naḯf)

→ Italian: naïf

→ Malay: naif

→ Portuguese: naïf

→ Spanish: naif

→ Turkish: naif

Inherited from Old French naïf, inherited from Latin nātīvus. Doublet of natif. Semantical shift from "original; natural; simple" to "simple-minded".

Il est vraiment naïf, il a gobé tout ce qu’ils lui ont raconté.

He is really naive; he swallowed everything that they told him.

Habituellement, on déteste ce qui nous est semblable, et nos propres défauts vus du dehors nous exaspèrent. Combien plus encore quand quelqu’un qui a passé l’âge où on les exprime naïvement et qui, par exemple, s’est fait dans les moments les plus brûlants un visage de glace, exècre-t-il les mêmes défauts, si c’est un autre, plus jeune, ou plus naïf, ou plus sot, qui les exprime !

1923, Marcel Proust, translated by Charles Kenneth Scott Moncrieff, La prisonnière:

As a general rule, we detest what resembles ourself, and our own faults when observed in another person infuriate us. How much the more does a man who has passed the age at which we instinctively display them, a man who, for instance, has gone through the most burning moments with an icy countenance, execrate those same faults, if it is another man, younger or simpler or stupider, that is displaying them.


succès

→ Danish: succes

→ Dutch: succes

→ Ladino: sukseso

→ Romanian: succes

→ Turkish: sükse


sis

sis (feminine sise, masculine plural sis, feminine plural sises)

sise (feminine)
sis (masculine plural)
sises (feminine plural)

Par les larges hublots du lab, sis au sixième étage, la vue dominait une mer orangée de tuiles en terre cuite qui rappelaient que cette ville avait été, avant d’être « civinisée », une plutôt avenante cité provençale.

2019, Alain Damasio, chapter 4, in Les furtifs [The Stealthies], La Volte, →ISBN:

The view from the lab's big windows, located on the sixth floor, overlooked a sea of orange terracotta tiles, which were a reminder that before it was "civinized", this had been a rather charming Provençal town.


shooter

shooter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
shootant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
shooté (participle past)
shoote (first-person indicative present singular)
shootes (indicative present second-person singular)
shoote (indicative present singular third-person)
shootons (first-person indicative plural present)
shootez (indicative plural present second-person)
shootent (indicative plural present third-person)
shootais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
shootais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
shootait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
shootions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
shootiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
shootaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
shootai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
shootas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
shoota (historic indicative past singular third-person)
shootâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
shootâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
shootèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
shooterai (first-person future indicative singular)
shooteras (future indicative second-person singular)
shootera (future indicative singular third-person)
shooterons (first-person future indicative plural)
shooterez (future indicative plural second-person)
shooteront (future indicative plural third-person)
shooterais (conditional first-person singular)
shooterais (conditional second-person singular)
shooterait (conditional singular third-person)
shooterions (conditional first-person plural)
shooteriez (conditional plural second-person)
shooteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
shoote (first-person present singular subjunctive)
shootes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
shoote (present singular subjunctive third-person)
shootions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
shootiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
shootent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
shootasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
shootasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
shootât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
shootassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
shootassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
shootassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
shoote (imperative second-person singular)
shootons (first-person imperative plural)
shootez (imperative plural second-person)

(sports) to shoot the ball forward in an attempt to place it in the opponent's goal


drummer

fr-noun

drummer m or f by sense (plural drummers, feminine drummeuse)


casserole

→ Algerian Arabic: كسرونة (kasrūna)

→ Bulgarian: касеро́ла (kaseróla)

→ Danish: kasserolle

→ English: casserole

→ German: Kasserolle

→ Moroccan Arabic: كسرونة (kasrūna)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kasserolle

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kasserolle

→ Portuguese: caçarola

→ Russian: кастрю́ля (kastrjúlja)

→ Vietnamese: xoong

Inherited from Middle French casserolle. By surface analysis, casse (“container, recipient”) + -erole (diminutive suffix), a form of -ole lengthened with -er-. The first part is derived from Medieval Latin cattia (“pan”) influenced by Provençal caça. Similar, related formations include cassole (without the -er-) and casseron (using the diminutive suffix -eron, from -on).


symphonie

→ Khmer: ស៊ីមហ្វូនី (siimfounii)

→ Persian: سمفونی (samfoni)

→ Romanian: simfonie

desc

sìmfōnija//сѝмфо̄нија

→ Serbo-Croatian: sìmfōnija /сѝмфо̄нија

→ Turkish: senfoni

Borrowed from Latin symphōnia, from Ancient Greek συμφωνία (sumphōnía). Doublet of chifonie.


espagnol

q

along with Italian <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">spagnolo</i>

→ Romanian: spaniol (along with Italian spagnolo)

From Spanish español or from Middle French espaignol, from Old French espagneul or espaigneul, borrowed from Old Occitan espaignol, espainol, from a Vulgar Latin *Hispaniolus, from Latin Hispānus, from Hispania. Doublet of épagneul.

parler français comme une vache espagnole


briquet

→ English: briquet

→ Spanish: briquet

→ Romanian: brichetă

LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-briquet.wav

Specialised sense of Middle French briquet (“piece, morsel”), from brique.


affaire

Saint Dominican Creole French: z'afair

→ Albanian: aferë

→ Breton: afer

→ Dutch: affaire

→ English: affair

→ Spanish: affair

→ German: Affäre

→ Italian: affaire

→ Macedonian: афера (afera)

→ Polish: afera

desc

Portuguese: → afazer (calque), → affaire

→ Russian: афера (afera)

→ Serbo-Croatian: афера

→ Spanish: affaire

→ Swedish: affär

→ Vietnamese: áp phe

L’affaire O.J. Simpson fut une des plus médiatisées.

The O. J. Simpson case was one of the most publicized.


foulard

→ English: foulard

→ Italian: foulard

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فولار (fular)
Turkish: fular

→ Romanian: fular

→ Spanish: fular, foulard


xylophage

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ξυλοφάγος (xulophágos), from ξύλον (xúlon, “wood”) and φάγος (phágos, “one who eats”). By surface analysis, xylo- + -phage.

bor+

(biology, of insects or mushrooms) xylophagous


suisse

From Suisse. The meaning "guard" is a metonymic reference to the practice of hiring Swiss mercenaries to serve as guards at European courts. The meaning "chipmunk" derives from the rodent's stripes, reminiscent of the striped uniform of the Swiss Guard.

Swiss (of, from or relating to Switzerland)


Suisse

fr-noun

Suisse m or f (plural Suisses, feminine Suissesse)


pucelle

pucelle f (plural pucelles, masculine puceau)

Inherited from Middle French pucelle < Old French pucele, first attested in the 10th century as pulcella, from Vulgar Latin *pūllicella, of disputed origin. Possibly a diminutive of Latin pullus (“young of animals, chick”), or pullus as a contraction of *purulus, from purus (“pure”). Alternatively from Latin puella (“girl”) through a Vulgar Latin root *puellicella.

uder

Elle n’est plus pucelle.

la Pucelle d’Orléans

Qu’elle soit fille honnête / Ou fille de rien / Qu’elle soit pucelle / Ou qu’elle soit putain / On se souvient d’elle / On s’en souviendra / La première fille / Qu’on a pris dans ses bras

1954, Georges Brassens (lyrics and music), “La première fille”:

Whether she is a respectable girl / Or a worthless girl / Whether she is a virgin / Or she is a whore / You remember her / You will remember / The first girl / Who you held in your arms

(military) metal regulation badge worn on the chest with insignia indicating the formation to which it belongs


syncope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ).


dol

Borrowed from Latin dolus (“deception; trickery; ruse”), from Ancient Greek δόλος (dólos).


café au lait

→ Danish: café au lait

→ English: café au lait

→ Mandarin: 咖啡歐蕾 /咖啡欧蕾 (kāfēiōulěi)

Deux cafés au lait, s’il vous plait.


sebkha

Borrowed from Arabic سَبْخَة (sabḵa, “salt flat”).

Les chotts ou sebkhas sont autant de lacs et d’étangs salés où l’évaporation de l’été dépose une couche de sel brut.


sain

fr-adj

sain (feminine saine, masculine plural sains, feminine plural saines)

saine (feminine)
sains (masculine plural)
saines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French sain, from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).


paume

Inherited from Middle French paulme, from Old French paume, paulme, from Latin palma, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂. Compare palme (“palm tree”), a borrowed doublet.


garrot

desctree

→ Spanish: garrote
→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: caroti

From Provençal garra (“leg”) (see jarret) + the suffix -ot.


bure

From Latin burra, nominative feminine singular of burrus.


cancanement

From cancaner (“to gossip; to quack”) + -ment.


avenir

From the expression temps à venir ("time (that is) to come"). Cf. also Old French avenir.

l’avenir appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt


régisseur

fr-noun

régisseur m (plural régisseurs, feminine régisseuse)

régisseurs (plural)
régisseuse (feminine)

→ Danish: regissør

desctree

→ Dutch: regisseur
⇒ Afrikaans: regisseur
→ Indonesian: regisur

→ German: Regisseur

→ Norwegian Bokmål: regissør

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: regissør

→ Polish: reżyser

→ Russian: режиссёр (režissjór)
→ Armenian: ռեժիսոր (ṙežisor)
→ Azerbaijani: rejissor
→ Estonian: režissöör
→ Georgian: რეჟისორი (režisori)
→ Kazakh: режиссёр (rejisser)

→ Swedish: regissör

→ Turkish: rejisör


commandant

fr-noun

commandant m (plural commandants, feminine commandante)

commandants (plural)
commandante (feminine)

→ English: commandant

→ German: Kommandant

desctree

→ Dutch: commandant
Afrikaans: kommandant
→ Indonesian: komandan
→ Min Nan: 公勃壟 /公勃垄 (kong-pu̍t-lóng)
→ West Frisian: kommandant

Haitian Creole: komandan

desc

→ Hindi: कमांडेंट (kamāṇḍẽṭ)

→ Hindi: कमांडेंट (kamāṇḍẽṭ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قوماندان (kumandan)
Turkish: kumandan

→ Punjabi: ਕੁਮੇਦਾਨ (kumedān)

→ Russian: коменда́нт (komendánt)


guidon

→ Portuguese: guidão, guidom

→ Romanian: ghidon

→ Vietnamese: ghi-đông

handlebar (bar used to steer a bicycle, motorbike, or similar vehicles using the hands)


tourbillon

→ English: tourbillon

→ Romanian: turbion


empoisonnement

fr-noun

empoisonnement m (plural empoisonnements)

empoisonnement au monoxyde de carbone


hypallage

Borrowed from Latin hypallage, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ὑπαλλαγή (hupallagḗ).


commode

→ Danish: kommode

→ German: Kommode

→ English: commode

→ Icelandic: kommóða

→ Italian: comodino

→ Norman: commode

→ Norwegian: kommode

→ Russian: комод (komod)

→ Swedish: kommod

→ Persian: کمد (komod)


odalisque

→ Catalan: odalisca

→ Dutch: odalisk

→ English: odalisque

→ German: Odaliske

→ Hungarian: odaliszk

→ Icelandic: ódalíska

→ Italian: odalisca

→ Portuguese: odalisca

→ Russian: одали́ска (odalíska)

→ Serbo-Croatian: одалиска (odaliska)

→ Spanish: odalisca

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوطهلق (odalık, “chambermaid”), from اوده (oda, “room”).


couplet

→ Dutch: couplet

→ English: couplet

→ German: Couplet

→ Spanish: cuplé

→ Russian: купле́т (kuplét)


musulman

fr-noun

musulman m (plural musulmans, feminine musulmane)

Inherited from Middle French, from Ottoman Turkish مسلمان (Müslüman, “Muslim”), from Persian مسلمان (mosalmân, “Muslim”), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim, “Muslim”).


musulman

fr-adj

musulman (feminine musulmane, masculine plural musulmans, feminine plural musulmanes)

musulmane (feminine)
musulmans (masculine plural)
musulmanes (feminine plural)


luminaire

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin lūmināre, from Latin lūmen. Doublet of lumière, which was inherited.


Laurence

a female given name, masculine equivalent Laurent, equivalent to English Lauren

Laurence Oustau (b. 1835)

(very rare) Lawrence: a male given name, equivalent to English Laurence


Aimée

From aimée (“beloved”), feminine singular past participle of aimer (“to love”); originally a nickname and also a variant of Latin Amāta.


allemande

→ English: allemande


Amos

The city is named after Alice Gouin (né Amos; 1868–1940), the wife of prime minister of Québec Lomer Gouin (1861–1929).


Nahum

der

Hebrew נַחוּם


Jeanne

→ Belarusian: Жанна (Žanna)

→ English: Jeanne

→ Irish: Síne

→ Latvian: Žanna

→ Russian: Жанна (Žanna)

desctree

→ Scottish Gaelic: Sìne
→ English: Sheena

→ Ukrainian: Жанна (Žanna)

→ Welsh: Siân

From Middle French Jehanne, from Latin Iohanna. Equivalent to Jean (“John”) + -e (feminine ending).

a female given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Joan


Emma

Charles désirait qu’on appelât l’enfant comme sa mère ; Emma s’y opposait. On parcourut le calendrier d’un bout à l’autre, et l’on consulta les étrangers.

1857, Gustave Flaubert, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling, Madame Bovary: Part II, Chapter III::

Charles wanted the child to be called after her mother; Emma opposed this. They ran over the calendar from end to end, and then consulted outsiders.

a female given name, equivalent to English Emma


musette

Inherited from Middle French musette, Old French musette (“type of bagpipe”), from muse (“bagpipe”) + -ette (diminutive suffix). Muse is a deverbal of muser (“to play the bagpipe; (figuratively) to flatter”), perhaps from musel (“muzzle (protruding part of an animal’s head)”) (alluding to a bagpipe player puffing out the cheeks), from Late Latin mūsus (“muzzle”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps expressive of protruding lips and/or influenced by Latin mūgiō (“to bellow, low, moo”), from Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg- (onomatopoeia of the lowing of cattle).

affix

nosebag (round sack or bag to feed for a horse)


azur

Inherited from Old French azur, borrowed from Medieval Latin azurium, from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli”), from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard, “lapis lazuli”).


bec

→ Portuguese: beque

Inherited from Old French bec, from Latin beccus (“beak”), from Gaulish *beccos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos.


narine

Inherited from Old French narine, from Vulgar Latin *narina, from Latin nāris.


thymol

From thym + -ol, coined by French chemist Alexandre Lallemand in 1853.


dur

fr-adj

dur (feminine dure, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

dure (feminine)
durs (masculine plural)
dures (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”).

c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer


gant

→ Greek: γάντι (gánti)

Inherited from Old French guant, from Frankish *want (compare Middle Dutch want, Old High German wantus), from Proto-Germanic *wantuz (“glove”). Cognate with Italian guanto, Spanish guante, and Catalan guant.


volant

volant (feminine volante, masculine plural volants, feminine plural volantes)

volante (feminine)
volants (masculine plural)
volantes (feminine plural)

soucoupe volante

objet volant non identifié

tapis volant

magic carpet (literally, “flying carpet”)

poisson volant

feuille volante

renard volant


volant

→ Czech: volant

→ Danish: volant

→ German: Volant

→ Italian: volant

→ Swedish: volang

→ Turkish: volan

→ Vietnamese: vô-lăng

prendre le volant

au volant

fou du volant


crawler

crawler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
crawlant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
crawlé (participle past)
crawle (first-person indicative present singular)
crawles (indicative present second-person singular)
crawle (indicative present singular third-person)
crawlons (first-person indicative plural present)
crawlez (indicative plural present second-person)
crawlent (indicative plural present third-person)
crawlais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
crawlais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
crawlait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
crawlions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
crawliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
crawlaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
crawlai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
crawlas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
crawla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
crawlâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
crawlâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
crawlèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
crawlerai (first-person future indicative singular)
crawleras (future indicative second-person singular)
crawlera (future indicative singular third-person)
crawlerons (first-person future indicative plural)
crawlerez (future indicative plural second-person)
crawleront (future indicative plural third-person)
crawlerais (conditional first-person singular)
crawlerais (conditional second-person singular)
crawlerait (conditional singular third-person)
crawlerions (conditional first-person plural)
crawleriez (conditional plural second-person)
crawleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
crawle (first-person present singular subjunctive)
crawles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
crawle (present singular subjunctive third-person)
crawlions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
crawliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
crawlent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
crawlasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
crawlasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
crawlât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
crawlassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
crawlassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
crawlassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
crawle (imperative second-person singular)
crawlons (first-person imperative plural)
crawlez (imperative plural second-person)

(transitive, intransitive) to swim using the crawl stroke

(transitive, intransitive, Internet) to spider


roue

Inherited from Old French ruee, from earlier rode, from Latin rota, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”). The current form may have been influenced by rouer and rouelle.
Doublet of rote, a borrowing from Medieval Latin.


dîner

Inherited from Old French disner, from Vulgar Latin *disiūnāre, from disieiūnāre, disjejūnāre (“to break the fast”), from dis- + Late Latin iēiūnāre (“to fast”), from Latin ieiūnus. Doublet of déjeuner.

(Belgium, North America, Switzerland, Congo, Rwanda) lunch, midday meal


coucher

coucher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
couchant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
couché (participle past)
couche (first-person indicative present singular)
couches (indicative present second-person singular)
couche (indicative present singular third-person)
couchons (first-person indicative plural present)
couchez (indicative plural present second-person)
couchent (indicative plural present third-person)
couchais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
couchais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
couchait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
couchions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
couchiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
couchaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
couchai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
couchas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
coucha (historic indicative past singular third-person)
couchâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
couchâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
couchèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
coucherai (first-person future indicative singular)
coucheras (future indicative second-person singular)
couchera (future indicative singular third-person)
coucherons (first-person future indicative plural)
coucherez (future indicative plural second-person)
coucheront (future indicative plural third-person)
coucherais (conditional first-person singular)
coucherais (conditional second-person singular)
coucherait (conditional singular third-person)
coucherions (conditional first-person plural)
coucheriez (conditional plural second-person)
coucheraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
couche (first-person present singular subjunctive)
couches (present second-person singular subjunctive)
couche (present singular subjunctive third-person)
couchions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
couchiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
couchent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
couchasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
couchasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
couchât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
couchassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
couchassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
couchassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
couche (imperative second-person singular)
couchons (first-person imperative plural)
couchez (imperative plural second-person)

Haitian Creole: kouche

→ Esperanto: kuŝi

→ German: kusch

→ Italian: cucciare

Inherited from Middle French coucher, from Old French couchier, from Latin collocāre (“set in place”). Doublet of colloquer.

(transitive, agriculture) to lodge, to beat down (wheat)


chianti

Borrowed from Italian chianti, after Chianti, its area of production. Through Latin from the Etruscan 𐌂𐌋𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌄 (clante).


canasta

Borrowed from Spanish canasta (“basket”).


barman

→ Turkish: barmen


racine

Inherited from Old French *raicine, from Late Latin rādīcīna (“root”), from Latin rādīx, rādīcis (“root”), from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

jardin des racines grecques

les racines latines en français

racine carrée

racine cubique

racine quatrième

racine énième


kyrie

Shortening of the Ecclesiastical Latin phrase Kyrie eleison, from Ancient Greek Κύριε ἐλέησον (Kúrie eléēson, “Lord, have mercy”).

der

Κύριε ἐλέησον


classe

→ Bavarian: Klass

q

or from Russian <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ru">класс</i> (klass)

→ Bulgarian: клас (klas) (or from Russian класс (klass))

→ Dutch: klasse, klas (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ English: class
→ Assamese: ক্লাছ (klas)
→ Bengali: ক্লাস (klaś), কেলাস (kelaś) — nonstandard
→ Gulf Arabic: كلاس (klās) (or from French classe)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: क्लास (klās)
Urdu: کلاس
→ Japanese: クラス (kurasu)
→ Korean: 클래스 (keullaeseu)
→ Nepali: क्लास (klās)
→ Scottish Gaelic: clas
→ Thai: คลาส (kláas)
→ Yoruba: kíláàsì

→ Franco-Provençal: cllâsse

→ German: Klasse (see there for further descendants)

q

or from English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">class</i>

→ Gulf Arabic: كلاس (klās) (or from English class)

→ Hunsrik: Klass

→ Latvian: klase

→ Luxembourgish: Klass

→ Persian: کلاس (kelâs)

→ Romanian: clasă

→ Swedish: klass

→ Turkish: klas

→ Vilamovian: klass

(military) class, cohort (all the recruits conscripted in a particular year)

(military, in the plural) a period of military training


salut

Inherited from Old French salut, salu, from Latin salūtem, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole, completed”).


bloc

→ Asturian: bloque

→ Bulgarian: блок (blok)

→ Czech: bloc

→ English: bloc

→ Galician: bloque

→ Irish: bloc

→ Italian: bloc

→ Macedonian: блок (blok)

→ Norwegian: block

→ Persian: بلوک (blok)

→ Polish: blok

→ Portuguese: bloco

→ Romanian: bloc

desctree

→ Russian: блок (blok)
→ Armenian: բլոկ (blok)
→ Yakut: блок (blok)

→ Spanish: bloc, bloque

→ Turkish: blok

→ Welsh: bloc

Inherited from Middle French bloc (“a considerable piece of something heavy, block”), from Old French bloc (“log, block”), from Middle Dutch blok (“treetrunk”), from Old Dutch *blok (“log”), from Frankish or Proto-West Germanic *blokk, from Proto-Germanic *blukką (“beam, log”).


Boulonnais

fr-noun

Boulonnais m (plural Boulonnais, feminine Boulonnaise)

Boulonnais (plural)
Boulonnaise (feminine)

a resident of Boulogne, a commune situated in the département of Vendée, France

a resident of Boulogne-Billancourt, a commune situated in the département of Hauts-de-Seine, France

a resident of Boulogne-sur-Gesse, a commune situated in the département of Haute-Garonne, France

a resident of Boulogne-sur-Helpe, a commune situated in the département of Nord, France

a resident of Boulogne-sur-Mer, a commune situated in the département of Pas-de-Calais, France

a resident of Boulon, a commune situated in the département of Calvados, France


mignon

fr-adj

mignon (feminine mignonne, masculine plural mignons, feminine plural mignonnes)

mignonne (feminine)
mignons (masculine plural)
mignonnes (feminine plural)

→ English: mignon

→ Italian: mignon

→ Portuguese: mignon

→ Turkish: minyon

Inherited from Middle French mignon, from Old French mignon (“dainty, pleasing, gentle, kind”), from Frankish *minnjo (“love, friendship, affection, memory”), from Proto-Germanic *minþijō, *mindijō (“affectionate thought, care”), from Proto-Indo-European *men-, *mnā- (“to think”). Cognate with Old High German minna (“love, care, affection, desire, memory”), Old Saxon minnia (“love”), Old Dutch minna (Dutch min). More at mind.


biochimie

desc

Greek: βιοχημεία f (viochimeía, “biochemistry”)

Persian: بیوشیمی (biyošimi)


jouet

Haitian Creole: jwèt

Inherited from Middle French jouet, corresponding to jouer + -et.


boîte

Haitian Creole: bwat

→ Malagasy: boaty

Mauritian Creole: bwat

→ Moore: boata

Seychellois Creole: bwat

→ Sicilian: buatta

→ Portuguese: boate

→ Spanish: boîte

Inherited from Old French boiste, from Vulgar Latin *buxita, from Late Latin buxis, from a conflation of Latin pyxis (“small box”) and buxus (“box tree”). Doublet of box.

(colloquial) Ellipsis of boîte de nuit.: club, nightclub


lifter

lifter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
liftant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
lifté (participle past)
lifte (first-person indicative present singular)
liftes (indicative present second-person singular)
lifte (indicative present singular third-person)
liftons (first-person indicative plural present)
liftez (indicative plural present second-person)
liftent (indicative plural present third-person)
liftais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
liftais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
liftait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
liftions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
liftiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
liftaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
liftai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
liftas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
lifta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
liftâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
liftâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
liftèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
lifterai (first-person future indicative singular)
lifteras (future indicative second-person singular)
liftera (future indicative singular third-person)
lifterons (first-person future indicative plural)
lifterez (future indicative plural second-person)
lifteront (future indicative plural third-person)
lifterais (conditional first-person singular)
lifterais (conditional second-person singular)
lifterait (conditional singular third-person)
lifterions (conditional first-person plural)
lifteriez (conditional plural second-person)
lifteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
lifte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
liftes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
lifte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
liftions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
liftiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
liftent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
liftasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
liftasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
liftât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
liftassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
liftassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
liftassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lifte (imperative second-person singular)
liftons (first-person imperative plural)
liftez (imperative plural second-person)

(sports) to lift the ball (over an opponent)


talapoin

→ English: talapoin

Borrowed from Portuguese talapão, from Mon တၠဳ ပိုဲ (tloe poi, “our lord”).

Buddhist monk or priest, particularly in Burma or Thailand


terrier

Inherited from Old French, from Medieval Latin terrārius (“of earth”) from Latin terra (“earth”); or equivalent to terre + -ier. Most terrier breeds were developed to hunt vermin both over and under the ground.

(fox's) earth; (rabbit) hole or burrow; (badger's) sett


Bluetooth

Unadapted borrowing from English Bluetooth, a calque from Old Norse Blátǫnn.


lansquenet

→ English: lansquenet

→ Portuguese: lansquenete, lansquené

→ Spanish: lansquenete


odeur

→ Danish: odør

→ Dutch: odeur

→ Swedish: odör

Cela a une bonne odeur.

That smells good. (literally, “That has a good smell.”)


lingue

Inherited from Middle French leynge, lingue, from Middle Dutch *lenge.


amical

fr-adj

amical (feminine amicale, masculine plural amicaux, feminine plural amicales)

amicale (feminine)
amicaux (masculine plural)
amicales (feminine plural)

À la suite de mes rapports sexuels avec un condisciple et ami de longue date, rapports qui n’ont commencé que pendant notre séjour à l’Université et après sept ans de relations amicales, le penchant pour les satisfactions anormales du libido s’est renforcé en moi.

1895, R. von Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathia Sexualis:

After I had sexual relations with a longstanding friend and fellow student, relations which only began during our time at university and after seven years of friendship [friendly relations], my penchant for satisfying my libido in abnormal ways grew.


escrimer

escrimer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escrimant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
escrimé (participle past)
escrime (first-person indicative present singular)
escrimes (indicative present second-person singular)
escrime (indicative present singular third-person)
escrimons (first-person indicative plural present)
escrimez (indicative plural present second-person)
escriment (indicative plural present third-person)
escrimais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
escrimais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
escrimait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
escrimions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
escrimiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
escrimaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
escrimai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
escrimas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
escrima (historic indicative past singular third-person)
escrimâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
escrimâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
escrimèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
escrimerai (first-person future indicative singular)
escrimeras (future indicative second-person singular)
escrimera (future indicative singular third-person)
escrimerons (first-person future indicative plural)
escrimerez (future indicative plural second-person)
escrimeront (future indicative plural third-person)
escrimerais (conditional first-person singular)
escrimerais (conditional second-person singular)
escrimerait (conditional singular third-person)
escrimerions (conditional first-person plural)
escrimeriez (conditional plural second-person)
escrimeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
escrime (first-person present singular subjunctive)
escrimes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
escrime (present singular subjunctive third-person)
escrimions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
escrimiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
escriment (plural present subjunctive third-person)
escrimasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
escrimasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
escrimât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
escrimassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
escrimassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
escrimassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
escrime (imperative second-person singular)
escrimons (first-person imperative plural)
escrimez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French escremir, from Old French escremir, escermir, eschirmir, from Frankish *skirmijan, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.


escrimeur

fr-noun

escrimeur m (plural escrimeurs, feminine escrimeuse)

escrimeurs (plural)
escrimeuse (feminine)

a fencer; someone who participates in the sport of fencing


abaisse

(cooking) a piece of dough that has been flattened, usually with a rolling pin


engager

engager (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
engageant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
engagé (participle past)
engage (first-person indicative present singular)
engages (indicative present second-person singular)
engage (indicative present singular third-person)
engageons (first-person indicative plural present)
engagez (indicative plural present second-person)
engagent (indicative plural present third-person)
engageais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
engageais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
engageait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
engagions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
engagiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
engageaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
engageai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
engageas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
engagea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
engageâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
engageâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
engagèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
engagerai (first-person future indicative singular)
engageras (future indicative second-person singular)
engagera (future indicative singular third-person)
engagerons (first-person future indicative plural)
engagerez (future indicative plural second-person)
engageront (future indicative plural third-person)
engagerais (conditional first-person singular)
engagerais (conditional second-person singular)
engagerait (conditional singular third-person)
engagerions (conditional first-person plural)
engageriez (conditional plural second-person)
engageraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
engage (first-person present singular subjunctive)
engages (present second-person singular subjunctive)
engage (present singular subjunctive third-person)
engagions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
engagiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
engagent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
engageasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
engageasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
engageât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
engageassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
engageassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
engageassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
engage (imperative second-person singular)
engageons (first-person imperative plural)
engagez (imperative plural second-person)

→ German: engagieren

→ Bulgarian: ангажирам (angažiram)

→ Italian: ingaggiare

→ Ladino: engajar

→ Polish: angażować

→ Portuguese: engajar

→ Romanian: angaja

→ Turkish: angaje

From Middle French, from Old French engagier (“to pawn, make a pledge, plight”), from en- + gage (“pledge”), from Late Latin vadium (“pledge”), from Frankish *wadja (“pledge”), from Proto-Germanic *wadjō, *wadją (“pledge, guarantee”), from Proto-Indo-European *wadʰ- (“guarantee, bail”). Cognate with Middle Dutch wedde (“property, pay”), Old High German wetti (“collateral, security agreement”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌹 (wadi, “guarantee”), Old English wedd (“pledge, vow”). More at wed.


torero

(bullfighting) (pre 1990 spelling reform) torero, bullfighter, toreador Alternative form of toréro


indulgent

fr-adj

indulgent (feminine indulgente, masculine plural indulgents, feminine plural indulgentes)

indulgente (feminine)
indulgents (masculine plural)
indulgentes (feminine plural)


déchirer

déchirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
déchirant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
déchiré (participle past)
déchire (first-person indicative present singular)
déchires (indicative present second-person singular)
déchire (indicative present singular third-person)
déchirons (first-person indicative plural present)
déchirez (indicative plural present second-person)
déchirent (indicative plural present third-person)
déchirais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
déchirais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
déchirait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
déchirions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
déchiriez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
déchiraient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
déchirai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
déchiras (historic indicative past second-person singular)
déchira (historic indicative past singular third-person)
déchirâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
déchirâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
déchirèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
déchirerai (first-person future indicative singular)
déchireras (future indicative second-person singular)
déchirera (future indicative singular third-person)
déchirerons (first-person future indicative plural)
déchirerez (future indicative plural second-person)
déchireront (future indicative plural third-person)
déchirerais (conditional first-person singular)
déchirerais (conditional second-person singular)
déchirerait (conditional singular third-person)
déchirerions (conditional first-person plural)
déchireriez (conditional plural second-person)
déchireraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
déchire (first-person present singular subjunctive)
déchires (present second-person singular subjunctive)
déchire (present singular subjunctive third-person)
déchirions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
déchiriez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
déchirent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
déchirasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
déchirasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
déchirât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
déchirassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
déchirassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
déchirassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
déchire (imperative second-person singular)
déchirons (first-person imperative plural)
déchirez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French deschirer, from Old French descirer, from de- + escirer, from Frankish *skeran (“to shear, cut”), from Proto-Germanic *skeraną (“to shear, shave, cut”). Cognate with Old English scieran (“to cut”). More at shear.

der

chien hargneux a toujours l’oreille déchirée

(transitive, figurative) to tear up emotionally


hisser

hisser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
hissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
hissé (participle past)
hisse (first-person indicative present singular)
hisses (indicative present second-person singular)
hisse (indicative present singular third-person)
hissons (first-person indicative plural present)
hissez (indicative plural present second-person)
hissent (indicative plural present third-person)
hissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
hissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
hissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
hissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
hissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
hissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
hissai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
hissas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
hissa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
hissâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
hissâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
hissèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
hisserai (first-person future indicative singular)
hisseras (future indicative second-person singular)
hissera (future indicative singular third-person)
hisserons (first-person future indicative plural)
hisserez (future indicative plural second-person)
hisseront (future indicative plural third-person)
hisserais (conditional first-person singular)
hisserais (conditional second-person singular)
hisserait (conditional singular third-person)
hisserions (conditional first-person plural)
hisseriez (conditional plural second-person)
hisseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
hisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
hisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
hisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
hissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
hissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
hissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
hissasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
hissasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hissât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hissassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
hissassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hissassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hisse (imperative second-person singular)
hissons (first-person imperative plural)
hissez (imperative plural second-person)

Catalan: hissar

Portuguese: içar

Spanish: izar

Italian: issare

Borrowed from Middle Low German hissen, compare Italian issare, Sicilian jisari.

Hissez la grand-voile.


narration

Learned borrowing from Latin narrātiōnem. By surface analysis, narrer + -ation.


syndic

fr-noun

syndic m (plural syndics, feminine syndique)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin syndicus (“representative of a corporation or town, syndic”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek σύνδικος (súndikos, “advocate of a defendant”).


talion

Inherited from Middle French talion, borrowed from Latin taliōnem, from talis (“such”).

(law) a punishment equal to the injury sustained


loader

loader (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
loadant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
loadé (participle past)
loade (first-person indicative present singular)
loades (indicative present second-person singular)
loade (indicative present singular third-person)
loadons (first-person indicative plural present)
loadez (indicative plural present second-person)
loadent (indicative plural present third-person)
loadais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
loadais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
loadait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
loadions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
loadiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
loadaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
loadai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
loadas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
loada (historic indicative past singular third-person)
loadâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
loadâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
loadèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
loaderai (first-person future indicative singular)
loaderas (future indicative second-person singular)
loadera (future indicative singular third-person)
loaderons (first-person future indicative plural)
loaderez (future indicative plural second-person)
loaderont (future indicative plural third-person)
loaderais (conditional first-person singular)
loaderais (conditional second-person singular)
loaderait (conditional singular third-person)
loaderions (conditional first-person plural)
loaderiez (conditional plural second-person)
loaderaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
loade (first-person present singular subjunctive)
loades (present second-person singular subjunctive)
loade (present singular subjunctive third-person)
loadions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
loadiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
loadent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
loadasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
loadasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
loadât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
loadassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
loadassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
loadassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
loade (imperative second-person singular)
loadons (first-person imperative plural)
loadez (imperative plural second-person)


dortoir

Inherited from Old French dortour, from Latin dormītōrium (“dormitory”). Doublet of dormitoire, a borrowing.