livre

Louisiana Creole: liv

→ English: livre

Inherited from Middle French livre, from Old French livre, from Latin lībra.


chien

fr-adj

chien (feminine chienne, masculine plural chiens, feminine plural chiennes)

chienne (feminine)
chiens (masculine plural)
chiennes (feminine plural)

Haitian Creole: chyen

Inherited from Middle French chien, from Old French chien, from Latin canis, canem (“dog”).

chien hargneux a toujours l’oreille déchirée


connotation

Borrowed from Medieval Latin connotātiōnem, from connotō (“to mark in addition”), from Latin con- (“together, with”) + notō (“to note”). By surface analysis, connoter + -ation.


deal

Quelques jours après l’assassinat d’un homme sous les yeux de son fils de 8 ans, le quartier semble à l’arrêt sans qu’aucune solution pérenne ne se dessine pour lutter contre les violences liées au deal.


eagle

Borrowed from English eagle. Doublet of aigle.


fa

(music) fa, the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note 'F'


abalone

Borrowed from English abalone, borrowed in the mid-20th century.


abattoir

desctree

→ Dutch: abattoir
→ Caribbean Hindustani: batwár
→ Indonesian: abatoar
→ Papiamentu: abatuar
→ Sranan Tongo: abatwar

→ English: abattoir

→ Moore: batoaare

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abattoir

From abattre (“to slaughter, butcher”) + -oir (suffix).

af

Cet abattoir est vaste et bien aéré.

This slaughterhouse is large and well-ventilated.

abattoir, slaughterhouse (place where animals are slaughtered)

aller à l’abattoir

envoyer à l’abattoir

(figuratively) abattoir, slaughterhouse (place or event likened to a slaughterhouse, because of great carnage or bloodshed)


abbatial

From Late Latin abbātiālis (“abbatial”).

the quarters of the abbot and monks within an abbey


abduction

Learned borrowing from Latin abductiō(n) (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results).

lbor

(physiology) abductive movement; abduction

(logic, computing) abductive reasoning; abduction


aberrance

(statistics) character of what is aberrant


aberrant

fr-adj

aberrant (feminine aberrante, masculine plural aberrants, feminine plural aberrantes)

aberrante (feminine)
aberrants (masculine plural)
aberrantes (feminine plural)

From Latin aberrant-, stem of aberrāns, present active participle of aberrō (“go astray; err”).

(sciences) which is impossible according to the norms or rules


aberration

Unadapted borrowing from Latin aberrātiō(n) (“relief, diversion”), from aberr(ā) (“wander away, go astray”) (from ab (“away”) + errō (“wander”)) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Compare English aberration.


abjurer

abjurer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abjurant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
abjuré (participle past)
abjure (first-person indicative present singular)
abjures (indicative present second-person singular)
abjure (indicative present singular third-person)
abjurons (first-person indicative plural present)
abjurez (indicative plural present second-person)
abjurent (indicative plural present third-person)
abjurais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abjurais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abjurait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abjurions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abjuriez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abjuraient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abjurai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
abjuras (historic indicative past second-person singular)
abjura (historic indicative past singular third-person)
abjurâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
abjurâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
abjurèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
abjurerai (first-person future indicative singular)
abjureras (future indicative second-person singular)
abjurera (future indicative singular third-person)
abjurerons (first-person future indicative plural)
abjurerez (future indicative plural second-person)
abjureront (future indicative plural third-person)
abjurerais (conditional first-person singular)
abjurerais (conditional second-person singular)
abjurerait (conditional singular third-person)
abjurerions (conditional first-person plural)
abjureriez (conditional plural second-person)
abjureraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
abjure (first-person present singular subjunctive)
abjures (present second-person singular subjunctive)
abjure (present singular subjunctive third-person)
abjurions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abjuriez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abjurent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
abjurasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abjurasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abjurât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abjurassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abjurassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abjurassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abjure (imperative second-person singular)
abjurons (first-person imperative plural)
abjurez (imperative plural second-person)

From Middle French abiurer, abjurer, from Old French abjurer (“to reject or renounce (something) on oath”), borrowed from Latin abiūrāre, the present active infinitive of abiūrō (“to deny on oath, recant, renounce, repudiate, abjure”).

inh

(transitive, intransitive, religion) to formally renounce one's religious belief; to apostatise


ablactation

(medicine) Interruption in secretion of breast milk, usually caused by a hormonal imbalance

(medicine, archaic) the weaning of a child


ablation

→ Dutch: ablatie


ablution

Learned borrowing from Latin ablūtiōnem.

(Western Christianity) Ritual rinsing of the priest's hand; ablution


abomination

(chiefly religion) revulsion, abomination, disgust


abracadabra

(historical) a mystical word from kabbalism


nu

→ Russian: ню (nju)

→ Ukrainian: ню (nju)

Inherited from Old French nu, from Latin nūdus, from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós.


lente

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *lenditem, alteration of Late Latin lendinem, itself an alteration of Classical Latin lendem.


été

Louisiana Creole: èté

Inherited from Old French esté, from Latin aestātem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”).


absolution

From Old French, from Latin absolūtiōnem (“acquittal”), from absolvō (“absolve”).


abuser

abuser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abusant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
abusé (participle past)
abuse (first-person indicative present singular)
abuses (indicative present second-person singular)
abuse (indicative present singular third-person)
abusons (first-person indicative plural present)
abusez (indicative plural present second-person)
abusent (indicative plural present third-person)
abusais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abusais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abusait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abusions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abusiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abusaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abusai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
abusas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
abusa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
abusâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
abusâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
abusèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
abuserai (first-person future indicative singular)
abuseras (future indicative second-person singular)
abusera (future indicative singular third-person)
abuserons (first-person future indicative plural)
abuserez (future indicative plural second-person)
abuseront (future indicative plural third-person)
abuserais (conditional first-person singular)
abuserais (conditional second-person singular)
abuserait (conditional singular third-person)
abuserions (conditional first-person plural)
abuseriez (conditional plural second-person)
abuseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
abuse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
abuses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
abuse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
abusions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abusiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abusent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
abusasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abusasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abusât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abusassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abusassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abusassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abuse (imperative second-person singular)
abusons (first-person imperative plural)
abusez (imperative plural second-person)

Mec, t’abuses, ça fait au moins trente minutes que je t’attends !

Dude, you're taking advantage, it's been at least thirty minutes I've been waiting for you!


acajou

→ English: cashew, acajou


accessible

Borrowed from Late Latin accessibilis (“accessible”), from accessus, perfect passive participle of accēdō (“approach”).

bor+

(of a place, information, etc.) accessible, attainable, obtainable, available


accorder

accorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accordant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
accordé (participle past)
accorde (first-person indicative present singular)
accordes (indicative present second-person singular)
accorde (indicative present singular third-person)
accordons (first-person indicative plural present)
accordez (indicative plural present second-person)
accordent (indicative plural present third-person)
accordais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accordais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accordait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accordions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accordiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accordaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accordai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
accordas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
accorda (historic indicative past singular third-person)
accordâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
accordâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
accordèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
accorderai (first-person future indicative singular)
accorderas (future indicative second-person singular)
accordera (future indicative singular third-person)
accorderons (first-person future indicative plural)
accorderez (future indicative plural second-person)
accorderont (future indicative plural third-person)
accorderais (conditional first-person singular)
accorderais (conditional second-person singular)
accorderait (conditional singular third-person)
accorderions (conditional first-person plural)
accorderiez (conditional plural second-person)
accorderaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
accorde (first-person present singular subjunctive)
accordes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
accorde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
accordions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
accordiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
accordent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
accordasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
accordasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accordât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accordassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
accordassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accordassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accorde (imperative second-person singular)
accordons (first-person imperative plural)
accordez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: acorda

Inherited from Middle French accorder, from Old French acorder, from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, derived from Latin cor (“heart”). By surface analysis, accord + -er.

(sports) to award (a free kick, a penalty, a foul, etc.)


accostable

(nautical) dockable (at which you can land a boat)


accoucheur

fr-noun

accoucheur m (plural accoucheurs, feminine accoucheuse)

accoucheurs (plural)
accoucheuse (feminine)

→ English: accoucheur

→ Polish: akuszer

→ Russian: акушер (akušer)


avatar

From Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तरति (√tṝ, “to cross”).


libre

→ Alemannic German: liiber

→ English: libre

→ Romanian: liber

Inherited from Middle French libre, from Old French libre, semi-learned form of livre (ca. 1200), from Latin līber (“free”), from Old Latin loeber, from Proto-Italic *louðeros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-er-os, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“people”).


jeudi

Louisiana Creole: jédi, jèdi

Mauritian Creole: zedi

Seychellois Creole: zedi

Inherited from Old French jeudi, jusdi, from Latin Jovis diēs or Iovis diēs, variant of diēs Iovis (“day of Jupiter”).

En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.
En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.
Lundi marche devant,
Rantaplan.
Mardi joue de la trompette,
De la trompette.
Mercredi du violon,
Du violon.
Jeudi de l’accordéon,
De l’accordéon.
Vendredi et samedi chantent la chanson de dimanche.
Vendredi et samedi chantent la chanson de dimanche.
En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.
En avant, la musique des jours de la semaine.

1986, “Il était une fois … une maison des musiciens [There Once Was… a House of Musicians]”, in Il était une fois … une petite grenouille [There Once Was… a Little Frog] (fiction), Paris: CLE International:

Onward, the music of the days of the week.
Onward, the music of the days of the week.
Monday marches ahead,
Rantaplan.
Tuesday plays the trumpet,
The trumpet.
Wednesday the violin,
The violin.
Thursday the accordion,
The accordion.
Friday and Saturday sing the song of Sunday.
Friday and Saturday sing the song of Sunday.
Onward, the music of the days of the week.
Onward, the music of the days of the week.

days of the week: jour de la semaine: lundi · mardi · mercredi · jeudi · vendredi · samedi · dimanche [edit]


Fanny

Borrowed from English Fanny, also used as a pet form of Stéphanie.


orange

Inherited from Middle French orange, from Old French orenge, short form of late pomme d'orenge or pomme d'orange, which was calqued after Old Italian melarancia (mela + arancia). The o came into the word under influence of the place name Orange.
See English orange.

Les premiers TGV atlantiques étaient orange.

The first Atlantic TGV trains were orange.


o

The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.


four

Louisiana Creole: fou

Inherited from Middle French four, from Old French four, forz, forn, from Latin furnus, from Proto-Italic *fornos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr̥-nós, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).


CIA

Central Intelligence Agency
Central Intelligence Agency

(espionage) CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)


i

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


FAC

Forces armées canadiennes
w:fr:Forces armées canadiennes

(Canada, military) Abbreviation of Forces armées canadiennes: CAF (“Canadian Armed Forces”)

(Canada, military, aviation) Abbreviation of Force aérienne du Canada: CAF (“Canadian Air Force”)

(algebraic geometry) Initialism of Faisceaux Algébriques Cohérents (a landmark paper by Jean-Pierre Serre)


point

→ Danish: point

→ Dutch: punt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: poeng

→ Persian: پوئن (pu'an)

→ Polish: pointa

→ Swedish: poäng

→ Turkish: puan

Inherited from Middle French poinct (with orthography modified to reflect the Latin etymology), from Old French point, from Latin punctum.


mandat

→ Ottoman Turkish: ماندا (manda)

Turkish: manda

Borrowed from Latin mandātum, from mandō (“put in one's hands, command”), from Proto-Indo-European *man- (“hand”) + *dʰeh₁- (“put”).


amoral

fr-adj

amoral (feminine amorale, masculine plural amoraux, feminine plural amorales)

amorale (feminine)
amoraux (masculine plural)
amorales (feminine plural)


six

Haitian Creole: sis

Louisiana Creole: sis

Mauritian Creole: sis

Inherited from Middle French six, from Old French sis, six, from Latin sex, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.
The numbers six and dix (“ten”), as well as the pronoun tous (“all”), are remnants of the Old and Middle French pronunciation system where final -s or -x was silent before consonants, pronounced /z/ before vowels, and /s/ in pausa. The only change is that the pausal pronunciation is now invariably used when these words do not precede their referent.


os

Inherited from Middle French os, from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.

Le chien a enterré un os.

Il y a un os.


billion

→ Catalan: bilió

desc

→ Portuguese: bilião, bilhão (informal in Portugal)

From bi- (“two”) + -illion; i.e., a million million.
Coined by Jehan Adam in 1475 as by-million.
Rendered as byllion by Nicolas Chuquet in 1484, in his article “Triparty en la science des nombres”.


trillion

→ Catalan: trilió

From tri- (“three”) + -illion, from million; i.e. a million million million.
Coined by Jehan Adam in 1475 as trimillion.
Rendered as tryllion by Nicolas Chuquet in 1484, in his article “Triparty en la science des nombres”.


brassière

desctree

→ English: brassiere, brassière
→ Spanish: brasier

Inherited from Old French braciere (originally a lining inside armor to protect the arm, but later a garment), from Old French brace (“arm”). Equivalent to bras + -ière.


jour

→ Norwegian Bokmål: jour

From Middle French jour, from Old French jor(n), from Late Latin diurnum. Doublet of diurne, a borrowing.

L’aube du jour commençait à poindre quand don Quichotte sortit de l’hôtellerie, si content, si glorieux, si plein de ravissement de se voir armé chevalier, que sa joie en faisait tressaillir jusqu’aux sangles de son cheval.

1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche^(fr.Wikisource), translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter III:

The dawn of the day was beginning to break when Don Quixote left the inn, so content, so glorious, so full of ravishment of seeing himself armed a knight, that his joy made him tremble all the way to the girths of his horse.


langue

Haitian Creole: lang

Karipúna Creole French: lang

desc

Louisiana Creole: lang, lalanng, lalongn, lalangn, lalang, long

Seychellois Creole: lalang

→ English: langue

Inherited from Middle French langue, from Old French langue, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).
See cognates in regional languages in France: Champenois laingue, Norman laungue, Gallo lenghe, Picard lingue, Bourguignon laingue, Franco-Provençal lengoua, Occitan lenga, Corsican lingua.

inh

tourner sa langue sept fois dans sa bouche

tourner sept fois sa langue dans sa bouche

la langue dans la bouche

la langue maternelle

une langue étrangère

Elle parle trois langues.

faire parler la langue française
to make speak the French language — Bertrand Barère

(linguistics) language (system of communication using written or spoken words)


LED

light-emitting diode
light-emitting diode#English

(electronics) LED (light-emitting diode)


DVD

(French politics) Abbreviation of divers droite.


euro

Ce texte, qui devait entrer en vigueur à partir du 1er juillet, créait une obligation pour les plates-formes et les moteurs de recherche de retirer sous vingt-quatre heures – et même dans l’heure pour les images pédopornographiques et l’apologie du terrorisme – les contenus « manifestement illicites » qui leur sont signalés, sous peine d’amendes pouvant aller jusqu’à 1,25 million d’euros.

2020 June 19, “Stopper la haine sur Internet”, in Le Monde:

This text, which will become enforced beginning at the 1st of July, creats an obligation for platforms and search engines to remove in under twenty-four hours — and even within the hour for pedophilic pornography and justifications of terrorism — "manifestly illegal" contents of which they are alerted, under penalty of fines which can go up to 1.25 million euros.


France

Antillean Creole: Fwans

Haitian Creole: Frans

Louisiana Creole: Frans, Lafrans (via la France)

Mauritian Creole: Lafrans (via la France)

desc

→ Cantonese: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (faat3 laan4 sai1, faat3 laan4-1 sai1)

→ Burmese: ပြင်သစ် (prangsac)

→ Breton: Frañs

→ Eastern Min: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Huák-làng-să̤)

→ Finnish: Frans

→ Hokkien: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Hoat-lân-se)

→ Japanese: フランス (Furansu)

→ Khmer: បារាំង (baarang)

→ Korean: 프랑스 (Peurangseu)

→ Mandarin: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Fǎlánxī)

→ Manchu: ᡶᠠ
ᠯᠠᠨ
ᠰᡳ (fa lan si)

→ Rade: Prăng

→ Romanian: Franța

Inherited from Middle French France, from Old French France, from Late Latin Francia, from Francī, the name of a Germanic tribe. Doublet of Francie.


inflation

Inherited from Old French inflation, borrowed from Latin īnflātiōnem. Cf. also the dialectal enflaison, which may be of popular origin.


fruit

Haitian Creole: fwi

Inherited from Middle French fruict, a latinized spelling of Old French fruit, from Latin frūctus (“enjoyment, proceeds, profits, produce, income”), a derivative of fruor (“have the benefit of, to use, to enjoy”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to make use of, to have enjoyment of”).


webmaster

webmaster (person responsible for maintaining a website)


but

From Middle French but (“mark, goal”), from Old French but (“aim, goal, end, target”), from Old French butte (“mound, knoll, target”), from Frankish *but (“stump, log”), or from Old Norse bútr (“log, stump, butt”); both from Proto-Germanic *buttaz (“end, piece”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push”).
Cognate with Old English butt (“tree stump”); see butt. The semantic development from "mound" to "target" is likely from martial training practice. The final /t/ is from the old pausal and liaison pronunciation; its (partial) restoration as the basic form may have been reinforced by related butte.

(sports) goal (in the place, act, or point sense)


mobile

Learned borrowing from Latin mōbilis. Doublet of meuble.

téléphone mobile
téléphone mobile#French

mobile phone; Ellipsis of téléphone mobile.


mi

→ Persian: می (mi)


indice

Borrowed from Latin indicium, from indicō (“point out, indicate, show”).


Romania

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía).

bor+

(academic, historical, linguistics) the Romance speaking areas of Europe


abstinence

Inherited from Middle French abstinence, from Old French abstinence, borrowed from Latin abstinentia.

abstinence (act or practice of abstaining)

abstinence (specifically act or practice of abstaining from alcohol)

abstinence (specifically act or practice of abstaining from sexual relations)


accent

→ Norwegian Bokmål: accent

→ Turkish: aksan

Inherited from Middle French accent, from Old French acent, accent, borrowed from Latin accentus (“accent, tone, accentuation”).


accession

accession sociale à la propriété


lapidation

Learned borrowing from Latin lapidātiōnem. Morphologically, from lapider + -ation.


ache

→ Persian: هاش

→ Romanian: haș

→ Russian: аш (aš)

→ Vietnamese: hát

Inherited from Middle French ache, from Old French ache, from Vulgar Latin *acca, probably an extension of earlier ha, from an unindentified source. Compare Italian acca.

aitch, The name of the Latin-script letter H/h.


FIFA

FIFA (International Federation of Association Football)


index

→ Persian: اندکس (andeks)

→ Turkish: endeks, indeks

From Latin index (“pointer, indicator”), from indicō (“point out, show”).

the welcome page of a web site, typically index.html, index.htm or index.php


Afghan

fr-noun

Afghan m (plural Afghans, feminine Afghane)

Afghan (a resident or native of Afghanistan)


dictionnaire

Haitian Creole: diksyonè

desc

Louisiana Creole: diksyonær, diksyonè, diksyonèr

→ Dutch: dictionaire

→ German: Diktionär

→ Franco-Provençal: diccionèro

→ Romanian: dicționar

→ Turkish: diksiyoner

Inherited from Middle French dictionnaire, borrowed from Medieval Latin dictiōnārium (“dictionary”), derived from Latin dictiō (“saying, speaking”) + -ārium.

bor

(computing) dictionary, an associative array


Jupiter

→ Persian: ژوپیتر (župiter)


Schadenfreude

schadenfreude (malicious enjoyment derived from observing someone else's misfortune)


Jordan

a male given name, equivalent to English Jordan


stand

→ Khmer: ស្តង់ (stɑng)

→ Romanian: stand


absinthe

→ Armenian: աբսենտ (absent)

→ Belarusian: абсэнт (absent)

→ Bulgarian: абсент (absent)

→ Catalan: absenta
→ Spanish: absenta

→ Czech: absinth

→ Danish: absint

→ English: absinthe

→ Finnish: absintti

→ Greek: αψέντι (apsénti)

→ Galician: asente

desctree

→ German: Absinth
→ Estonian: absint
→ Hungarian: abszint

→ Hebrew: אבסינת (absint)

→ Japanese: アブサン (abusan)

→ Korean: 압생트 (apsaengteu)

→ Latvian: absints

→ Lithuanian: absentas

→ Macedonian: апсинт (apsint)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: absint

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: absint

→ Occitan: absinti

→ Polish: absynt

→ Portuguese: absinto

→ Romanian: absint

→ Russian: абсе́нт (absént)

→ Serbo-Croatian: absint / апсинт

→ Swedish: absint

→ Turkish: absint

→ Ukrainian: абсе́нт (absént)

→ Yiddish: אַבסינט (absint)

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual


Catalan

fr-noun

Catalan m (plural Catalans, feminine Catalane)


beige

→ Catalan: beix

→ Dutch: beige

Afrikaans: beige

→ English: beige

Hindi: बेज (bej)

→ Hijazi Arabic: بيج (bēj)

→ Estonian: beež

→ Finnish: beesi, beige, bees

→ Galician: beixe

→ German: beige, Beige

→ Greek: μπεζ (bez)

→ Hungarian: bézs

→ Italian: beige

→ Japanese: ベージュ (bēju)

→ Korean: 베이지 (beiji)

→ Louisiana Creole: bèj

→ Luxembourgish: beige

→ Persian: بژ (bež)

→ Polish: beż

→ Portuguese: bege

→ Romanian: bej

→ Russian: беж (bež)

→ Spanish: beis, beige

→ Swedish: beige

→ Turkish: bej

→ Vietnamese: be


violet

fr-adj

violet (feminine violette, masculine plural violets, feminine plural violettes)

violette (feminine)
violets (masculine plural)
violettes (feminine plural)

Louisiana Creole: vyolé

From Old French violet, a back-formation from violette (“violet (flower)”), from viole + -ette, from Latin viola.


football

association football
association football


zipper

zipper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
zippant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
zippé (participle past)
zippe (first-person indicative present singular)
zippes (indicative present second-person singular)
zippe (indicative present singular third-person)
zippons (first-person indicative plural present)
zippez (indicative plural present second-person)
zippent (indicative plural present third-person)
zippais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
zippais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
zippait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
zippions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
zippiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
zippaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
zippai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
zippas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
zippa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
zippâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
zippâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
zippèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
zipperai (first-person future indicative singular)
zipperas (future indicative second-person singular)
zippera (future indicative singular third-person)
zipperons (first-person future indicative plural)
zipperez (future indicative plural second-person)
zipperont (future indicative plural third-person)
zipperais (conditional first-person singular)
zipperais (conditional second-person singular)
zipperait (conditional singular third-person)
zipperions (conditional first-person plural)
zipperiez (conditional plural second-person)
zipperaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
zippe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
zippes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
zippe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
zippions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
zippiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
zippent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
zippasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
zippasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
zippât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
zippassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
zippassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
zippassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
zippe (imperative second-person singular)
zippons (first-person imperative plural)
zippez (imperative plural second-person)


dollar

→ Romanian: dolar (along with English dollar)


router

router (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
routant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
routé (participle past)
route (first-person indicative present singular)
routes (indicative present second-person singular)
route (indicative present singular third-person)
routons (first-person indicative plural present)
routez (indicative plural present second-person)
routent (indicative plural present third-person)
routais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
routais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
routait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
routions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
routiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
routaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
routai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
routas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
routa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
routâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
routâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
routèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
routerai (first-person future indicative singular)
routeras (future indicative second-person singular)
routera (future indicative singular third-person)
routerons (first-person future indicative plural)
routerez (future indicative plural second-person)
routeront (future indicative plural third-person)
routerais (conditional first-person singular)
routerais (conditional second-person singular)
routerait (conditional singular third-person)
routerions (conditional first-person plural)
routeriez (conditional plural second-person)
routeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
route (first-person present singular subjunctive)
routes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
route (present singular subjunctive third-person)
routions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
routiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
routent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
routasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
routasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
routât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
routassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
routassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
routassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
route (imperative second-person singular)
routons (first-person imperative plural)
routez (imperative plural second-person)


Saxon

fr-noun

Saxon m (plural Saxons, feminine Saxonne)

Inherited from Old French Saxon, borrowed from Late Latin Saxō, of West Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sahsō.

Saxon (resident or native of Saxony) (male or of unspecified gender)


nature

Inherited from Middle French nature, Old French nature, borrowed from Latin nātūra.


latin

Inherited from Middle French latin, from Old French latin, borrowed from Latin latīnus.


or

Haitian Creole: lò

From Middle French or, from Old French or, from Latin aurum, from Proto-Italic *auzom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂é-h₂us-o- (“glow”), from *h₂ews- (“to dawn, become light, become red”).

la parole est d’argent, le silence est d’or


or

From Old French ore, from Vulgar Latin hā horā, alteration of hāc horā (“(in) this hour”, ablative). Compare Spanish ahora, Portuguese agora.

yet, however, now, that said, as it happens (introduces the second term in a syllogism)


million

→ Crimean Tatar: million

Louisiana Creole: milyon

desc

→ Polish: milion, milon, milijon, milian (Middle Polish), miljon (pre-reform orthography (1936))

Inherited from Middle French million, from Italian milione.


cube

Borrowed from Latin cubus, from Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos).


triangle

Borrowed from Latin triangulum. By surface analysis, tri- + angle.

triangle équilatéral

triangle isocèle

(music) triangle (percussion instrument)


sol

From Latin sol(ve) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist where all note names were taken from.

(music) sol (the fifth step (G) in the solfège scale of C, preceded by fa and followed by la)


tennis

→ Persian: تنیس (tenis)


adroit

fr-adj

adroit (feminine adroite, masculine plural adroits, feminine plural adroites)

adroite (feminine)
adroits (masculine plural)
adroites (feminine plural)

→ English: adroit

→ German: adrett
→ Danish: adræt

skilful, apt, skilled (possessing skill, skilled)


hand

Clipping of handball. Compare foot from football.

On va jouer au hand, tu veux venir?

We're going to play handball. Do you want to come?


an

From Old French, from Latin annus, from Proto-Italic *atnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et-no-, probably from *h₂et- (“to go”).


yacht

Borrowed from English yacht, from Dutch jacht.


xylophone

→ Russian: ксилофо́н (ksilofón) (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: xilofon

→ Turkish: ksilofon


boy

→ Lingala: bɔ́i

Claude allait l’ouvrir mais le ton sur lequel le délégué appelait son boy lui fit lever la tête : l’auto attendait, bleue sous l’ampoule de la porte; le boy, qui s’était écarté – en voyant arriver le délégué sans doute – se rapprochait, hésitant.

(now historical, offensive) boy (non-white male servant)


article

→ Romanian: articol (partly)

→ Russian: артикль (artiklʹ)

Inherited from Old French article, borrowed from Latin articulus. Compare the inherited doublet orteil.


interjection

Inherited from Old French interjection, borrowed from Latin interiectiōnem.


mikado

Borrowed from Japanese 御門 (mikado), from 御 (mi, “honorable”) + 門 (kado, “gate, portal”).

com

(history) mikado, a former title of the emperors of Japan during a certain period


air

Inherited from Old French air, aire, from Latin āēr.

trou d’air

résistance de l’air


angle

Inherited from Middle French angle, from Old French angle, from Latin angulus, anglus.

La mesure d’un angle droit est égale à 90 degrés.

The measure of a right angle is equal to 90 degrees.


argument

Borrowed from Latin argūmentum, from arguō (“prove, argue”).

(grammar) argument of a verb, phrase syntactically connected to a verb (object and subject)


as

→ German: As, Ass

→ Hungarian: ász

→ Turkish: as

→ Vietnamese: át


parent

fr-noun

parent m (plural parents, feminine parente)

Inherited from Middle French parent, from Old French parent, from Latin parentem.

Nous devons toujours être aux côtés de nos parents et de nos amis.

We must always stand by our family and our friends.

Une de ses parentes éloignées, madame la comtesse de Lô, laissait rarement échapper une occasion d’énumérer en sa présence ce qu’elle appelait «les espérances» de ses trois fils.

1862, Victor Hugo, chapter 4, in Les Misérables, Tome I : Fantine, book 1:

One of his distant relatives, the countess of Lô, rarely missed an opportunity to list, in his presence, what she called her "hopes" for her three sons.


cousin

cousin m (plural cousins, feminine cousine)

→ Turkish: kuzen

Inherited from Middle French cousin, from Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] , from Latin cōnsobrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsobīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).

inh

Mon cousin et son fils sont venus me voir.


cousin

Inherited from Latin culicīnus (“mosquito-like”), from culex (“gnat, midge”).


car

Borrowed from English car, itself borrowed from Anglo-Norman and the Old Northern French car, variant of Old French char. Doublet of char.

Les élèves vont à l’école en car.

a single-decked long-distance, or privately hired, bus, a coach


quadruple

une quadruple croche


quadruple

Ce tirage permettait plusieurs quadruples.

J’ai perdu une douzaine de points sur un difficile "mosaique" en quadruple.

I lost a dozen points on a difficult quadruple "mosaic".

(Scrabble) a move whose score is multiplied by four

Le quadruple en colonne 5 reste ouvert avec la séquence "ena" ou "ene".

The quadruple on column 5 remains open with the sequence "ena" or "ene".

(Scrabble) the area on the board where such a move is possible


rue

Inherited from Old French rue, developed figuratively from Latin ruga.


mine

→ Persian: مین (min)

→ Vietnamese: mìn

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *mina, Gaulish *meina (see also Welsh mwyn, Irish míanach (“ore”)), from Proto-Celtic *meinis (“ore, metal”).


ours

Haitian Creole: ous

Louisiana Creole: lours, lous

Mauritian Creole: lours, lurs

Seychellois Creole: lours

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *orssos
Latin ursus
Old French urs
Middle French ours
French ours
Inherited from Middle French ours, from Old French urs, from Latin ursus, from Proto-Italic *orssos.
The Early Modern French pronunciation was /uʁ/ before consonants, /uʁz/ before vowels, and /uʁs/ in pausa. For the most part, the pausal pronunciations were eventually lost, but in some cases they were re-established as the basic form (reinforced in part by the spelling, in part by related words; in this case perhaps the feminine ourse).

etymon

il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l’ours avant de l’avoir tué


bisque

Uncertain. A relationship with other senses of bisque and bisquer is possible, but unclear. Alternatively, may be derived from Italian bisca (“gambling den”), or from Medieval Latin biscator (“gambler”).


chartreuse

→ English: chartreuse

→ English: charterhouse

From the Chartreux (“Carthusian monks”).

(originally) Grande Chartreuse; or any Carthusian monastery (a charterhouse)


cyan

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κύανος (kúanos).

lbor

Near-synonym: céruléen

cyan (vibrant pale greenish-blue colour between blue and green in the visible spectrum)


finale

En raison de l’alerte rouge canicule du lundi 18 juillet, l’arrêt préfectoral interdisant la pratique du sport en intérieur a amené Gérald Kerscaven, juge-arbitre, à décaler les finales du samedi 23 au dimanche 24 juillet.

2022 July 27, “Au tournoi du Tennis-club Taulé-Plouénan, 119 joueurs et des rencontres de qualité [At the Tennis-Club Taulé-Plouénan Tournament, 119 Players and Quality Matches]”, in Le Télégramme [The Telegram], Morlaix: Groupe Télégramme, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2024-08-16, page 8:

Due to the red heatwave alert on Monday, July 18th, the prefectural order banning the practice of indoor sports led Gérald Kerscaven, umpire, to reschedule the finals from Saturday, July 23rd to Sunday, July 24th.

(sports) final, finals (game between the last two competitors remaining in the running, in elimination tournaments)

(chess) endgame, end game (moment in the game when the threat of checkmate is low and the kings participate in the struggle)


finale

(linguistics) final phoneme (final phoneme in a syllable. Often used in the study of Chinese languages)

(grammar) final letter, final syllable (last letter of a word, or last syllable of a sentence)

(music) final note (last note of a tune)


finale

(figuratively) Madame Hulot faisait remonter les premières infidélités de son Hector au grand finale de l’Empire.

1846, Honoré de Balzac, La Cousine Bette [Cousin Bette], Boniface, page 34:

Madame Hulot traced the first infidelities of her Hector back to the grand finale of the Empire.

La pièce est finie, mais non pas la musique. Il faut un finale : sans finale, pas d’opéra.

1867, Gustave Nadaud, “La volière [The Birdcage]”, in Henri Plon, editor, Opérettes [Operettas], volume IV, Paris, act ?, scene xiii, page 117:

The piece is finished, but not the music. There needs to be a finale: without a finale, no opera.

(figuratively) Le finale se recule encore, et vous allez voir que c’est malgré moi…

1854, Gérard de Nerval, “Angélique”, in Les Filles du feu [The Daughters of Fire], page 83:

The finale moves itself back again, and you will see that it is despite myself….

L’épisode du cirque ambulant serait un bon finale pour ces treize années.

1977, Marguerite Yourcenar, Archives du Nord [Archives of the North], Éditions Gallimard, page 350:

The episode of the travelling circus would be a good finale for these thirteen years.

(music) finale (ensemble piece that ends an act of an opera, symphony, sonata)


homophone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος (homóphōnos, “speaking the same language, making the same sound, in agreement, in unison”), from ὁμός (homós, “same”) + -φωνος (-phōnos, “with respect to language or sound”), a suffix derived from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, language”), in the linguistic sense coined by French philologist Jean-François Champollion 1822 (for the adjective) and 1824 (for the noun).


tan

From Latin tannum (“oak bark”), from Gaulish *tannos (“oak”), from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”).

pulped oak bark used in the tanning process (i.e. of tanning leather)


bronze

→ Danish: bronze

→ Greenlandic: bronze

→ English: bronze

→ Norwegian: bronse

→ Persian: برنز (boronz)

→ Portuguese: bronze


rose

Inherited from Middle French rose, from Old French rose, borrowed from Latin rosa (the expected form if it was inherited would be *reuse).


turquoise

Greek: τυρκουάζ (tyrkouáz)

Turkish: turkuaz

Romanian: turcoază (stone)

Inherited from Old French turquois, from turc + -ois.


taupe

Inherited from Old French taupe, inherited from Latin talpa.

(figuratively) (espionage) mole (undercover agent)


boss

fr-noun

boss m or f by sense (plural boss or bosses)


civil

fr-adj

civil (feminine civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)

civile (feminine)
civils (masculine plural)
civiles (feminine plural)

Turkish: sivil


civil

fr-noun

civil m (plural civils, feminine civile)


pistil

→ English: pistil

→ Romanian: pistil

Borrowed from Latin pistillum. Compare Old French pestel.

Coordinate term: étamine


Victoria

→ Afar: Viktooríya

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Victoria


RN

Rassemblement national
Rassemblement national#French

(French politics) Abbreviation of Rassemblement national (“National Rally”).


basin

Inherited from Old French bombasin, ultimately from Medieval Latin bombyx, bambax, from Ancient Greek πάμβαξ (pámbax, “cotton”).


bite

From Old Norse biti (“beam, girder”), from Proto-Germanic *bitô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).

der

Il a souri quand j’ai mis la main entre ses cuisses et je me suis mise à frotter sa grosse bite.

He smiled when I put my hand between his thighs and started to rub his big cock.

Je veux te voir / Dans un film pornographique / En action avec ta bite / Forme potatoes ou bien frites

2006, “Je veux te voir”, in Pop Up, performed by Yelle:

I want to see you / In a porno film / In action with your dick / Whether it's a French fry or a chunky chip

J’sors ma bite je la baise, tu sors ton biff tu la sors

2012, “Wesh Morray”, in Futur, performed by Booba:

I get out my dick and I fuck her, you get out your cash and take her out

J’ai la bite tellement raide que si son copain passe, il pourra me l’arracher et me péter les dents avec. Je vis dans un film érotique et je ne baise pas. Je n’y comprends rien.

2015 [2004], Stéphane Dompierre, Un petit pas pour l'homme, →ISBN, page 57:

My cock is so hard that if her boyfriend comes by, he'll be able to rip it off and smash my teeth in with it. I live in a porn film and I'm not getting laid. I don't understand it.


CA

conseil d’administration
conseil d'administration#French

(business) Initialism of conseil d’administration.

chiffre d’affaires
chiffre d'affaires#French

(business, finance) Initialism of chiffre d’affaires.

(Canada, accounting) Initialism of comptable agréé (“chartered accountant”): CA


IA

[…]nous privilégions tous les deux les « interfaces humaines », comme ils disent, même quand elles singent, comme ici, une mauvaise IA.

2019, Alain Damasio, chapter 3, in Les furtifs [The Stealthies], La Volte, →ISBN:

[…] we privilege both "human interfaces", as they say, even when they ape, as here, a bad AI

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

intelligence artificielle
intelligence artificielle#French

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of intelligence artificielle (“artificial intelligence”); AI


bel

(sound engineering) bel (unit of sound intensity)


NE

ISO 3166-2:CH code of Neuchâtel (canton)


NC

(nautical, telecommunications) CS (“cable ship”): Initialism of navire câblier (“cable ship”).


VA

(initialism, film) "version anglaise" — English-language version (EV); a film dubbed in English


positron

→ Persian: پوزیترون (pozitron)


acre

Probably from Old Norse akr reenforced by Old English æcer (“a field, land, that which is sown, sown land, cultivated land; a definite quantity of land, land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day, an acre, a certain quantity of land, strip of plough-land; crop”).


verre

Haitian Creole: vè

Louisiana Creole: vè, vèr, vær

Inherited from Middle French voirre (most probably pronounced /ˈvwɛːrə/), from Old French voirre, from Latin vitrum. Doublet of vitre.
The irregular evolution of /wɛ/ into /ɛ/ in this word is "early but normal after labials"; the influence of derivatives with an etymological first-syllable /ɛ/ may also be relevant. Compare François vs. Français, roide vs. raide.

un verre de lunettes

un verre grossissant

(countable) Object of this substance
(optics) lens, glass


vert

Inherited from Middle French and Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Compare Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish verde. The Old French -t is due to regular final devoicing. The feminine was originally also vert and was extended with -e only during Middle French times, thus keeping the
devoiced sound.


vert

fr-adj

vert (feminine verte, masculine plural verts, feminine plural vertes)

verte (feminine)
verts (masculine plural)
vertes (feminine plural)

Haitian Creole: vèt, vè

Louisiana Creole: vè, vèr, vær

→ Wolof: wert

l’herbe est toujours plus verte ailleurs

l’herbe est toujours plus verte dans le pré du voisin

capitalisme vert

environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly

(figuratively) green, environmentally friendly


graffiti

fr-noun

graffiti m (countable and uncountable, plural graffitis)


jargon

→ Czech: žargon

→ Dutch: jargon

→ English: jargon

→ Esperanto: ĵargono

→ German: Jargon

→ Hungarian: zsargon

→ Macedonian: жаргон (žargon)

→ Polish: żargon

→ Portuguese: jargão

→ Romanian: jargon n

→ Russian: жарго́н m (žargón)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̀рго̄н

Latin script: žàrgōn

→ Spanish: jerga

→ Swedish: jargong

→ Turkish: jargon

Inherited from Old French jargon, gargun ("cheeping of birds"), from a root *garg expressing the sound of the throat or referring to it. See gargouille, gargariser, gargoter.
The initial /ʒ/ sound comes from a softening of /g/, as in jambe.

jargon, specialised or unintelligible language


jargon

→ Catalan: jargó

→ English: jargoon

→ German: Jargon

→ Greek: γιαρκόν (giarkón)

→ Russian: жарго́н (žargón)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жаргон

Latin script: žargon, jargon

→ Spanish: jergón

Borrowed from Italian giargone. Doublet of zircon.


chromosome

19th century: chromo- + -some, from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”) (because they are stained under the microscope).


gaffer

From gaffe + -er. Sense of gaffer-taping from English gaffer tape.

Alternative form: gaffeur


cadre

→ Bulgarian: ка́дър (kádǎr)

→ English: cadre

→ German: Kader

desctree

→ Russian: кадр (kadr)
→ Kazakh: кадр (kadr)

→ Turkish: kadro

Borrowed from Italian quadro (“framed painting, square”), from Latin quadrum, from quattuor (“four”). Cf. Old French querre, inherited from the same source; see also carre.

bor+

Vendredi soir, j’étais invité à une soirée chez un collègue de travail. On était une bonne trentaine, rien que des cadres moyens âgés de vint-cinq à quarante ans.

1994, Michel Houellebecq, Extension du domaine de la lutte:

Friday night, I was invited to a party at a work colleague's house. There were thirty or so of us there, just middle managers between the ages of twenty-five and forty.

cadre en fibre de carbone


qui a bu boira

LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-qui a bu boira.wav

Literally, “who has drunk will drink [again]”.

(literally) once a drunkard, always a drunkard

a leopard cannot change its spots
a leopard cannot change its spots

(figuratively) old habits die hard; a leopard cannot change its spots


gaffe

From Old Occitan gaf (“clasp”), from Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷 (gafah, “clasp”, noun), from 𐌲𐌰- (ga-, intensifier) + 𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (fahan, “to catch”).


talent

Borrowed from Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance; a particular weight, especially of gold; sum of money; a talent”).

der

(historical, Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece) a talent (an obsolete unit of weight or money)


neck

(geology) neck (solidified lava filling the vent of an extinct volcano)


face

Inherited from Middle French and Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs (“face, shape”). Doublet of faciès.


kawa

kava, beverage made from Piper methysticum


grande parure

fr-noun

grande parure f (plural grandes parures)


chamois

→ Esperanto: ĉamo

Ido: chamo

→ Romanian: chamois, șamoa

→ Spanish: chamuz

Inherited from Middle French chamois, from Late Latin camox, from Gaulish camox (5th c. AD, Polemius Silvius), probably from an extinct Alpine language (Raetic, Ancient Ligurian), possibly Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“without horns”).


boulevard

desctree

→ Russian: бульвар (bulʹvar)
→ Georgian: ბულვარი (bulvari)

→ Spanish: bulevar

→ Turkish: bulvar

Inherited from Middle French boulevard, bollevart, boulevars, bolevers, bollewerc (“rampart”), from Middle High German bolewerc, bolwerc (modern German Bollwerk) or Middle Dutch bolwerk (“bulwark, bastion”). The use for a road is due to the fact that boulevards (e.g. in Paris) were built on the sites of razed bulwarks.


avenue

desctree

→ Spanish: avenida
→ Portuguese: avenida
→ Tagalog: abenida

From Old French avenue, feminine past participle of avenir (“approach”), from Latin advenīre (“come to”), from ad (“to”) + veniō, venīre (“come”).

(dated) avenue (principal walk or approach to a house or other building)


furigana

fr-noun

furigana m (plural furigana or furiganas)


rain

From Middle French rain, from Old Dutch *rein, *rēn, from Proto-West Germanic *rain (“raised land, baulk, ridge”), from Proto-Germanic *rainaz, *rainō (“baulk, ridge”). Cognate with Dutch reen, rein, German Rain, English rean.

der

(geography) a raised border on a field or forest that serves as a boundary


japonais

→ Rade: Za pô nê


japonais

fr-adj

japonais (feminine japonaise, masculine plural japonais, feminine plural japonaises)

japonaise (feminine)
japonais (masculine plural)
japonaises (feminine plural)


bouton

Antillean Creole: bouton

→ Bulgarian: бутон (buton)

→ English: bouton

→ Khmer: ប៊ូតុង (buutong)

→ Malagasy: bokotra

→ Romanian: buton

→ Russian: бутон (buton)

→ Turkish: buton

Inherited from Middle French bouton, boton, from Old French bouton, boton (“button, bud”), from Vulgar Latin *bautōnem, accusative of bautō, from Frankish *bautō (“that which pushes up, bump, knob”), from Proto-West Germanic *bautan (“to beat, push”). By surface analysis, bouter + -on. Cognate with Old High German bōzo (“bundle, flaxbundle”), Old Saxon bōto (“bunch or bundle of flaxs”). Compare Italian bottone, Spanish botón, which are borrowings of the French word.

cog

(pathology, dermatology) pimple, spot, zit


jaune

Inherited from Middle French jaune, iaune, from Old French jaune, jalne, from Latin galbinus.


usage

From Latin ūsus + -age. Compare Medieval Latin usagium.

(lexicography) the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority)


gallo

→ Catalan: galó

→ English: Gallo

→ German: Gallo

→ Spanish: galó

From Breton gall (“a Gaul or a foreigner”), from being a language found in eastern Brittany of the non-Celts, from Latin gallus.


pupitre

→ Russian: пюпи́тр (pjupítr)

→ Spanish: pupitre
→ Catalan: pupitre

→ Ukrainian: пюпі́тр (pjupítr)

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin pulpitum.


homme du monde

fr-noun

homme du monde m (plural hommes du monde, feminine femme du monde)

hommes du monde (plural)
femme du monde (feminine)


businessman

businessman m (plural businessmen or businessmans, feminine businesswoman)

businessmen (plural)
businessmans (plural)
businesswoman (feminine)


dada

Of imitative origin, from children's speech.

onomatopoeic

imitative


gravitation

English gravitation, itself borrowed from New Latin gravitātiō.

Near-synonyms: pesanteur, gravité


train

→ German: Train

→ Romanian: tren

desctree

→ Spanish: tren
→ Moroccan Arabic: تران (trān)
→ Tagalog: tren
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: treni̱
→ Yaqui: tréen

→ Sicilian: trenu

→ Turkish: tren

→ Persian: ترن (teran)

→ Italian: treno

Inherited from Middle French train, from Old French train, from the verb trahiner (“to pull, drag”).


rail

Borrowed from English rail. Doublet of règle, reille, rigole, and rille.


pain

Haitian Creole: pen

Karipúna Creole French: djipẽ

→ Farefare: pãanɛ

⇒ Khmer: នំប៉័ង (num pang)

desc

→ Xârâcùù: pêê

→ Xârâcùù: pêê

Inherited from Middle French pain, from Old French pain, from Latin pānem.

1830 Juvénal, Les Satires, translated into French verse by Barré de Jallais
Sa nudité déplaît, sa détresse importune, / Et tous les jours, hélas ! à tout le monde en vain / Il demande une chambre, un habit et du pain.

His nudity embarrasses, his distress importunes, / And every day, alas! from everyone in vain / He asks for a bedroom, clothes and food.

(slang, music) mistake during a performance (false note, forgot an intro, wrong solo, …)


race

desctree

→ German: Rasse
→ Czech: rasa
→ Polish: rasa
→ Serbo-Croatian: rasa
→ Slovene: rasa

→ Romanian: rasă

As Middle French rasse "entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people", from ca. 1480,
spelling Middle French race recorded in 1549, from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).


maid

maid, especially in reference to Japanese fiction or in reference to the French maid outfit


ber

Inherited from Middle French berz, from Vulgar Latin *bertium (“little cradle”), from Gaulish.

(nautical) a cradle that holds a ship before and during its launch


hier

Haitian Creole: yè

→ Esperanto: hieraŭ

Inherited from Old French ier, from Latin herī.

[…] car il nous appartient que les choses changent dans le sens du meilleur, d’un meilleur peut-être précaire, et qui pourrait s’énoncer par cette maxime : mieux que rien, mieux qu’hier et mieux qu’aujourd’hui.

2001, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Diderot ou le matérialisme enchanté:

[…] because it's up to us to change things for the better — a perhaps precarious better — and which could be stated by this maxim: better than nothing, better than yesterday, and better than today.


copyright

Il était … une petite grenouille
Copyright Clé International, Paris 1986.
There Once Was… a Little Frog
Copyright Clé International, Paris 1986.


cork

Borrowed from English cork (“corkscrew”).

bor+

(snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding) cork (An aerialist maneuver involving a rotation where the rider goes heels over head, with the board overhead.)


bore

→ Persian: بور (bor)

Coined by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard in 1808, from the same root but independently of English boron.


borne

Inherited from Old French bontie, bodne, from Medieval Latin (Merovingian) bodina, butina (“limit, boundary”), a Celtic/Transalpine Gaulish borrowing, from Proto-Celtic *bonnicca (“boundary”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn (“bottom, base”), see also *bundos.

der

bollard such as those used to restrict automobiles off a pedestrian area

milestone such as those alongside a roadway


break

From earlier break de chasse, from English shooting brake.


catch

Derived from English catch-as-catch-can (a style of wrestling now known as catch wrestling). Cognate with French chasser (“to hunt”).

professional wrestling
professional wrestling


go

Borrowed from Bambara go, itself from French gosse.


abattis

Inherited from Old French abatëiz. By surface analysis, abattre (“to cut down”) + -is.


laid

fr-adj

laid (feminine laide, masculine plural laids, feminine plural laides)

laide (feminine)
laids (masculine plural)
laides (feminine plural)

From Middle French laid (“hideous, ugly”), from Old French laid, leid (“unpleasant, horrible, odious”), from Vulgar Latin *laitus (“unpleasant, ugly”), from Frankish *laiþ (“unpleasant, obstinate, odious”), from Proto-Germanic *laiþaz (“sorrowful, unpleasant”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“unpleasant”).
Akin to Old High German leid (“unpleasant, odious”) (German leid (“unfortunate”), Leid (“grief”)), Old Norse leiþr (“odious”), Old English lāþ (“unpleasant, odious”), Catalan lleig (“ugly”), Occitan lag (“ugly”). More at loath.


diction

Borrowed from Latin dictiōnem, from dictus, past participle of dicere (“to speak”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”).


cliché

→ Catalan: clixé

→ Czech: klišé

→ Danish: kliché, kliche

→ English: cliché

→ Estonian: klišee

→ Finnish: klisee

→ Galician: clixé

→ German: Klischee

→ Hungarian: klisé

→ Icelandic: klisja

→ Macedonian: клише́ (klišé)

→ Persian: کلیشه (keliše)

desc

→ Portuguese: clichê, cliché (unadapted form)

→ Russian: клише́ (klišé)

→ Serbo-Croatian: klìšē/клѝше̄

→ Slovak: klišé

→ Slovene: kliše

→ Spanish: cliché

→ Turkish: klişe

Past participle of clicher (“to stereotype, (originally) to copy”, literally “to click, clink”), from Middle French clicher, from Old French cliquer (“to click, clack, sound, resound”), of Germanic origin, related to Dutch klikken (“to click, rattle”), Low German klikken (“to click”), German klicken (“to click”), Danish klikke (“to click”), Swedish klicka (“to click”). Probably onomatopoeic, and probably influenced by Middle High German klitsch (“soft, pulpy mass”), from the old technique of creating a printing plate. More at click.

cog

La reproduction dans la presse de dessins et de photographies se fait au moyen de clichés typographiques.
The reproduction in the press of drawings and photographs is done by means of typographical clichés.


bull

From a clipped form of French bulldozer, from American English bulldozer.


pommes frites

→ German: Pommes frites

→ Macedonian: помфрит (pomfrit)

→ Norwegian: pommes frites

desc

→ Serbo-Croatian: pomfrit, pommes frites

→ Swedish: pommes frites

Ellipsis of pommes de terre frites (“fried potatoes”).


ducat

→ Turkish: düka

Inherited from Middle French, from late Old French, borrowed from Italian ducato, from Medieval Latin ducātus, from dux (“duke; leader”). Compare also duché.


addition

→ Turkish: adisyon

Learned borrowing from Latin additiōnem.

(arithmetic) addition (operation of adding a number to another)


claque

Deverbal from claquer (“to clap”). Sense 5 developed as paying audience members to applaud started at the Paris Opera.

(sports) thrashing; thumping (heavy defeat)


claque

→ Catalan: claca

→ English: claque

→ German: Claque

→ Italian: claque

→ Portuguese: claque

→ Spanish: claque


simple

→ Romanian: simplu

Inherited from Old French, borrowed from Latin simplex.

Near-synonym: facile

simple comme bonjour

futur simple

passé simple

past historic tense (literally, “simple past”)

Coordinate term: complexe

phrase simple

Coordinate term: composé

corps simple

(grammar)
(chemistry) simple, uncompounded


brick

→ Romanian: bric

→ Ottoman Turkish: بریق (brik)

Turkish: brik

(nautical) a brig, a two-masted vessel type


cell

Clipping of cellulaire; influenced by North American English cell

téléphone cellulaire
téléphone cellulaire#French

(Quebec, colloquial) cellular phone, mobile phone; clipping of téléphone cellulaire.


remake

Le duel qui se rejoue dimanche 24 avril entre les deux finalistes du scrutin de 2017 ne saurait être un simple remake.

2022 April 23, Patrick Roger, “Présidentielle 2022 : les clés de lecture avant le second tour entre Emmanuel Macron et Marine Le Pen”, in Le Monde.fr:

The rematch between the two finalists in the 2017 election that will take place on Sunday 24 April cannot be a simple repeat of last time.


ring

→ Romanian: ring

From English ring (sense 1) and Dutch ring (sense 2).


rang

→ Catalan: rang

→ German: Rang

→ Romanian: rang

→ Italian: rango

→ Piedmontese: rangh

→ Haitian Creole: ran

→ Russian: ранг (rang)

→ Sicilian: rangu, rannu

→ Spanish: rango

Inherited from Middle French ranc, from Old French renc, reng, ranc, rang, from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”). Cognate with Dutch ring, German Ring, English ring.

der

(Canada, geography) a series of land plots narrower than deep, running perpendicular to a river or road

(Canada, geography) the road serving such a series of plots

(military, uncountable) the non-officers of an army, taken as a group


matelot

fr-noun

matelot m (plural matelots, feminine matelote)

→ Piedmontese: matlòt

→ Romanian: matelot

From Middle French matelot (“sailor”), from Old French matenot (“sailor, bunkmate”), most likely from Middle Dutch mattenoot (“bunk fellow”), corresponding to modern mat (“mat, rug, hammock”) + genoot (“companion”) or less likely Old Norse mǫtunautr (“food companion”) (from matr (“food”) + nautr (“companion”) << Proto-Germanic *ganautaz).


procrastination

procrastination f (plural procrastinations)


brusque

Borrowed from Italian brusco. Doublet of brusc.


sang

Inherited from Old French sanc, from Vulgar Latin sanguem, alteration of Latin sanguinem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).


woke

(politics, derogatory) woke; holding left-wing views or attitudes, (especially) with regards to social justice issues to an excessive degree.


round

Trop de parents qu’ont pas un rond
 Trop de casaniers qui tiendront pas un round de plus

2015, “Bonjour”, performed by Emicida ft. Féfé:

Too many parents who don't have a cent
 Too many homebodies who won't last another round


sot

fr-adj

sot (feminine sotte, masculine plural sots, feminine plural sottes)

sotte (feminine)
sots (masculine plural)
sottes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French sot, from Old French soz, from Medieval Latin sottus (“foolish”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Possibly an expressive interjection, similar to modern zut! (“damn it!”). This Latin word was borrowed into Germanic languages such as Dutch zot, Old English sott (modern English sot).

onomatopoeic

expressive


cause

Inherited from Old French cause, borrowed from Classical Latin causa. Compare chose, an inherited doublet.


cloud

(computing, Anglicism, with le) the cloud


balance

→ Russian: бала́нс (baláns)

→ Ukrainian: бала́нс (baláns)

Inherited from Middle French balance, from Old French balance, from Vulgar Latin *bilancia, from Latin bilanx, from bi- (see Latin bis) and lanx.

(economics, electricity, politics) balance


base

→ Czech: báze

→ Danish: base
→ Icelandic: basi m

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: base

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: base

→ Romanian: bază

desctree

→ Russian: база (baza)
→ Armenian: բազա (baza)
→ Azerbaijani:
Cyrillic script: база
Latin script: baza
→ Crimean Tatar:
Cyrillic script: база
Latin script: baza
→ Georgian: ბაზა (baza)
→ Kazakh:
Arabic script: بازا (baza)
Cyrillic script: база (baza)
→ Mongolian:
Mongolian script: [Term?]
Cyrillic script: бааз (baaz)
→ Tuvan: бааза (baaza)

→ Vietnamese: bazơ

Inherited from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis).


microbe

→ English: microbe
→ Welsh: microb

→ Persian: میکروب (mikrob)

→ Romanian: microb

→ Spanish: microbio
→ Tagalog: mikrobyo

→ Turkish: mikrop

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) and βίος (bíos, “life”).


vif

fr-adj

vif (feminine vive, masculine plural vifs, feminine plural vives)

vive (feminine)
vifs (masculine plural)
vives (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French vif, from Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).


vermouth

→ English: vermouth

→ Romanian: vermut

→ Turkish: vermut


acolyte

Inherited from Old French acolyt, from Ecclesiastical Latin acolytus, from Ancient Greek ἀκόλουθος (akólouthos, “follower, attendant”).


piano

Borrowed from Italian piano. Doublet of plain and plan.

Il joue du piano avec compétence.

Je n’aime pas le piano. Je préfère le football.
Hein ! Quoi ! Et tu me dis ça à moi, le grand professeur Trompette ? Tiens ! Répète ta leçon cinq fois ! Non, dix fois !
Je déteste le piano !

1986, “Il était une fois … une maison des musiciens [There Once Was… a House of Musicians]”, in Il était une fois … une petite grenouille [There Once Was… a Little Frog] (fiction), Paris: CLE International:

I don’t like the piano. I like football more.
Huh? What? And you’re telling that to me, the great professor Trumpet? Alright then! Repeat what you’ve learned five times! No, ten times!
I hate the piano!


Christian

a male given name, feminine equivalent Christiane, Christine, or Christelle, equivalent to English Christian


œil

desctree

Saint Dominican Creole French: z'yeu
Haitian Creole: je

Haitian Creole: zye

Inherited from Middle French œil, from Old French oil, uel, ueil (plural olz, ialz), from Vulgar Latin oclus, from Latin oculus. Doublet of oculus, a borrowing. Cognate with Spanish ojo, Portuguese olho, Galician ollo, Italian occhio, Romanian ochi and Catalan ull. For the phonetic development of the plural, see yeux.

tenir à quelque chose comme à la prunelle de ses yeux

(anatomy, plural yeux) eye, organ that is sensitive to light, helping organisms to see


short

Unadapted borrowing from English shorts.

Avec un pantalon, j’ai moins froid aux jambes qu’avec un short.

With trousers on, my legs are not as cold as with shorts on.


pull

Clipping of pull-over, from English pullover.

Il fait froid; je vais mettre mon pull.

It's cold; I'm going to put on my pullover.


volume

volume (amount of space something takes up)


augment

L’augment syllabique consiste en l’addition d’une syllabe ; l’augment temporel, dans le changement d’une brève en longue.

Syllabic augment consists of the addition of a syllable; temporal augment in changing it from short to long.


e

The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.


apostrophe

→ English: apostrophe

→ Romanian: apostrof

→ Russian: апо́строф (apóstrof)
→ Azerbaijani: apostrof

→ Persian: آپاستروف (âpâstruf)

→ Turkish: apostrof

From Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”), a noun use of an adjective from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “to turn away”).


apostrophe

Borrowed from Latin apostropha, apostrophe, from Ancient Greek ἀποστροφή (apostrophḗ), from ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, “to turn away”), from ἀπό (apó) + στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).


Europe

From Latin Eurōpa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa), a character in Greek mythology.


prince

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرَنْس (prens)

Turkish: prens

→ Persian: پرَنس (perans)

Inherited from Middle French prince, from Old French prince, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin prīnceps.


baron

fr-noun

baron m (plural barons, feminine baronne)

Haitian Creole: baron

→ Arabic: بارون (bārōn)

→ Hungarian: báró

→ Polish: baron

→ Ottoman Turkish: بارون (baron)

Turkish: baron

→ Persian: بارون (bâron)

→ Romanian: baron

desctree

→ Russian: баро́н (barón)
→ Armenian: բարոն (baron)
→ Azerbaijani: baron
→ Georgian: ბარონი (baroni)
→ Ingrian: baroni
→ Uzbek: baron

Inherited from Middle French baron, from Old French baron, from Latin barōnem.


katana

Borrowed from Japanese 刀 (katana, literally “sword”).


u

The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.


meute

→ Dutch: meute

→ German: Meute

Inherited from Middle French meute, from muete, from Latin *movita, feminine substantivization of Latin *movitus, 'vulgar' perfect passive participle for moveō (“move”).


torque

From Old French torke, northern variant of torche, from Vulgar Latin *torca, ultimately from the same source as etymology 2.


rate

From Germanic, probably Dutch rate (literally “honeycomb”), as the cellular tissue of the spleen is said to resemble honeycomb, from Proto-Germanic *hrētō-, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁d-eh₂-.


femme

Antillean Creole: fanm

Guianese Creole: fanm

Haitian Creole: fanm

Karipúna Creole French: fam

Louisiana Creole: fenm, famm

Seychellois Creole: fanm

Inherited from Middle French femme, from Old French fam(m)e, fem(m)e, fenme, from Latin fēmina, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”), derivation of the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). The Old French pronunciation was [fɛ̃mə], which then became [fãmə] through lowering of nasal vowels, finally [famə] in Middle French through denasalisation before /m/, /n/. Other words in which -e- is pronounced /a/ include couenne, solennel, and the adverbs in -emment.
See cognates in regional languages in France: Norman and Gallo fame; Picard fanme; Bourguignon fonne; Franco-Provençal fèna; Occitan femna; Corsican femina.

inh

souvent femme varie, bien fol est qui s’y fie

"[…] un couple qui fonctionne requiert des individus dichotomiques qu’il s’agisse d’un homme et d’une femme ou bien d’une butch et d’une femme", Lilian Faderman, Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers, A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century.

2001, Marie-Hélène Bourcier, Queer zones: politiques des identités sexuelles, des représentations et des savoirs:

(LGBTQ, rare) Alternative form of fem (“femme, feminine lesbian”) (contrast butch)


hyperbole

→ Romanian: hiperbolă, iperbolă

→ Turkish: hiperbol

→ Vietnamese: hypebol

From Middle French hyperbole, yperbole, a learned borrowing from Latin hyperbolē, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπερβολή (huperbolḗ, “excess, exaggeration”).

der

Coordinate term: parabole


content

fr-adj

content (feminine contente, masculine plural contents, feminine plural contentes)

contente (feminine)
contents (masculine plural)
contentes (feminine plural)

Louisiana Creole: konten

Inherited from Middle French content, from Old French, borrowed from Latin contentus.


animé

animé (feminine animée, masculine plural animés, feminine plural animées)

animée (feminine)
animés (masculine plural)
animées (feminine plural)


animé

From Japanese アニメ (“anime”), from アニメーション (“animēshon”), from English animation.


manga

Borrowed from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga). Doublet of manhwa.

Hiromu Arakawa est une jeune mangaka débutante quand elle envoie son premier projet chez un éditeur. L’histoire courte deviendra FullMetal Alchemist, un des mangas les plus vendus au Japon : 12 millions d’exemplaires !

2005 November 1, “Duck Action : 5 mangas inmangables ! [Duck Action: 5 Manga You Can’t Miss!]”, in Picsou Magazine (non-fiction), Disney Hachette Presse, page 27:

Hiromu Arakawa was a young mangaka debuting when she sent her first project to a publisher. That short story became FullMetal Alchemist, one of the best-selling manga in Japan: 12 million copies!

Osamu Tezuka est le plus grand dessinateur de manga. De 1947 à 1989, il dessine 150000 pages et crée d’innombrable séries : Astro Boy, le roi Léo, Metropolis, BlackJack, Les trois Adolf, Ayako, Phénix […]

Osamu Tezuka was the greatest manga artist. From 1947 to 1989, he drew 150,000 pages and created countless series: Astro Boy, Kimba the White Lion, Metropolis, Black Jack, Message to Adolf, Ayako, Phoenix…

(comics) manga (comic originating in Japan)


dojo

From Japanese 道場 (dōjō, “place of the way”).


faction

Borrowed from Latin factiōnem. Doublet of façon.

(politics) a faction; specifically one which causes trouble


gain

Inherited from Middle French gain, from Old French gaaing, deverbal from the verb gaaignier (“to earn, gain, seize, conquer by force”) (whence Modern French gagner).


constitution

→ Persian: کنسطیطوسیون (konstitusyon)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Old Latin com
Latin cum
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Latin status
Latin statuō
Latin cōnstituō
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Italic *-tjō
Latin -tiō
Latin cōnstitūtiōlbor.
Old French constitucion
French constitution
Inherited from Old French constitucion, borrowed from Latin cōnstitūtiō, from cōnstituō + -tiō. By surface analysis, constituer + -tion.

etymon

constitution (formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions; legal document describing such a formal system)

constitution (a person's physical makeup or temperament, especially in respect of robustness)


revenue

(hunting) the action of game leaving the forest to graze


neutron

→ Persian: نوترون (nutron)

English neutron, a scientific coinage based on Latin neuter.


squash

jouer au squash


note

→ Turkish: not

→ Persian: نت (not)

→ Romanian: notă


franc

→ Afar: faranká

→ Persian: فرانک (ferânk)

→ Ottoman Turkish: فرانق (frank)

Turkish: frank

→ Vietnamese: phật lăng

Inherited from Middle French franc, from Early Medieval Latin Francus (“a Frank”), from Frankish *Frank (“a Frank”) (see Etymology 1). Compare also Old High German Franko (“a Frank”), Old English Franca (“a Frank”). See also Feringhee.


franc

fr-adj

franc (feminine franque, masculine plural francs, feminine plural franques)

franque (feminine)
francs (masculine plural)
franques (feminine plural)


Andorran

fr-noun

Andorran m (plural Andorrans, feminine Andorrane)


loch

Since late 17th century. Along with the obsolete lok, borrowed from English log directly and through Dutch log, from Middle English logge, logg, of uncertain but perhaps North Germanic/Scandinavian origin.

L’on marque encore les toises que fait un Vaisseau par le loch qui est un morceau de bois d’environ un anpan de long, taillé comme le fond d’une barque, garni de plomb sous son fond pour luy servir de leste, auquel attache un ligne de menuë & fine marquée par toises, & pour s’en servir on jette le loch à la mer par la Poupe ou arriere du Vaisseau, & l’on file de la ligne jusqu’à ce que le loch soit hors du remore du Vaisseau, aprés l’on commence à compter les toises de la ligne que l’on file pendant une demy minute, & si l’on en file six toises le Navire fait un quart de lieuë par heure, si l’on en file 24 toises on fait une lieuë par heure, & si 48 toises on fait deux lieuës par heure, &c.

1698, Jean Bouguer, Traité complet de la navigation, page 136:

We still mark the fathoms made by a Vessel by the log which is a piece of wood about an anpan in length, shaped like the bottom of a boat, lined with lead under its bottom to serve as ballast, to which is attached a slim and fine line marked in fathoms, and which is used by throwing the log in the sea from the Poop deck or stern of the Vessel, and the line is let slip up until the log is out of the delay of the Vessel, after which one starts to count the leagues on the line which is being let slip for a half a minute, and if six fathoms slip the Vessel is doing a quarter of a league per hour, if 24 fathoms slip it's doing one league per hour, and if 48 fathoms it's doing two leagues per hour, &c.


instrumental

→ Turkish: enstrümantal

Learned borrowing from Late Latin īnstrūmentālis. By surface analysis, instrument + -al.

lbor

(grammar) instrumental case, instrumental


pipe

From the Old French verb piper (“to squeak, chirp”), from Latin pipare (“to squeak”).

Elle m’a taillé une pipe.


mayonnaise

→ Danish: mayonnaise

→ Dutch: mayonaise

→ English: mayonnaise

→ German: Mayonnaise

→ Greek: μαγιονέζα (magionéza)

→ Indonesian: mayones

→ Japanese: マヨネーズ (mayonēzu)

→ Polish: majonez

→ Portuguese: maionese

→ Tetum: maioneze

→ Russian: майонез (majonez)

Possibly named after the city Maó, Minorca, whence the recipe was brought back to France. Alternative suggested origins include the city of Bayonne (bayonnaise); the French word manier (“to handle”); the Old French moyeu (“egg yolk”); and the Duke of Mayenne.

(analogy, mechanics, informal) milkshake (accidental emulsion of oil and water in an engine)


massacre

→ Catalan: massacre

→ Danish: massakre

→ German: Massaker

→ Norwegian Bokmål: massakre

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: massakre

→ Portuguese: massacre

→ Spanish: masacre

Inherited from Middle French massacre, from the verb massacrer.


massacrer

massacrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
massacrant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
massacré (participle past)
massacre (first-person indicative present singular)
massacres (indicative present second-person singular)
massacre (indicative present singular third-person)
massacrons (first-person indicative plural present)
massacrez (indicative plural present second-person)
massacrent (indicative plural present third-person)
massacrais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
massacrais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
massacrait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
massacrions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
massacriez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
massacraient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
massacrai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
massacras (historic indicative past second-person singular)
massacra (historic indicative past singular third-person)
massacrâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
massacrâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
massacrèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
massacrerai (first-person future indicative singular)
massacreras (future indicative second-person singular)
massacrera (future indicative singular third-person)
massacrerons (first-person future indicative plural)
massacrerez (future indicative plural second-person)
massacreront (future indicative plural third-person)
massacrerais (conditional first-person singular)
massacrerais (conditional second-person singular)
massacrerait (conditional singular third-person)
massacrerions (conditional first-person plural)
massacreriez (conditional plural second-person)
massacreraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
massacre (first-person present singular subjunctive)
massacres (present second-person singular subjunctive)
massacre (present singular subjunctive third-person)
massacrions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
massacriez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
massacrent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
massacrasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
massacrasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
massacrât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
massacrassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
massacrassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
massacrassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
massacre (imperative second-person singular)
massacrons (first-person imperative plural)
massacrez (imperative plural second-person)

→ German: massakrieren

→ Italian: massacrare

→ Romanian: masacra

Inherited from Middle French massacrer, from Old French macecrer, macecler, probably from Vulgar Latin *matteuculāre, from *matteuca (whence French massue), from *mattea or Late Latin mattia, from Latin mateola (“hoe”).


massage

→ Arabic: مَسَاج (masāj)

→ Catalan: massatge

→ Czech: masáž

→ Dutch: massage

desctree

→ English: massage
→ Japanese: マッサージ (massāji)
→ Chinese: 馬殺雞 /马杀鸡 (mǎshājī)

→ Esperanto: masaĝo

→ Estonian: massaaž

→ German: Massage

→ Greek: μασάζ (masáz) (learned)

→ Italian: massaggio

→ Khmer: ម៉ាស្សា (maahsaa)

→ Macedonian: маса́жа (masáža)

→ Northern Kurdish: masaj

→ Polish: masaż

→ Portuguese: massagem

→ Romanian: masaj

→ Russian: масса́ж (massáž)
→ Belarusian: маса́ж (masáž)
→ Mongolian: массаж (massaž)
→ Uyghur: ماساژ (masazh)
→ Uzbek: massaj

→ Spanish: masaje

→ Swedish: massage

→ Turkish: masaj

→ Persian: ماساژ (mâsâž)

→ Ukrainian: маса́ж (masáž)


masser

masser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
massant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
massé (participle past)
masse (first-person indicative present singular)
masses (indicative present second-person singular)
masse (indicative present singular third-person)
massons (first-person indicative plural present)
massez (indicative plural present second-person)
massent (indicative plural present third-person)
massais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
massais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
massait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
massions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
massiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
massaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
massai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
massas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
massa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
massâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
massâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
massèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
masserai (first-person future indicative singular)
masseras (future indicative second-person singular)
massera (future indicative singular third-person)
masserons (first-person future indicative plural)
masserez (future indicative plural second-person)
masseront (future indicative plural third-person)
masserais (conditional first-person singular)
masserais (conditional second-person singular)
masserait (conditional singular third-person)
masserions (conditional first-person plural)
masseriez (conditional plural second-person)
masseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
masse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
masses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
masse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
massions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
massiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
massent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
massasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
massasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
massât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
massassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
massassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
massassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
masse (imperative second-person singular)
massons (first-person imperative plural)
massez (imperative plural second-person)

→ English: massage

→ German: massieren

→ Norwegian Bokmål: massere

→ Dutch: masseren

Probably borrowed around the end of the 18th century from Arabic مَسَّ (massa, “feel, touch”). An alternative possibility is that it was borrowed from Portuguese amassar.


masseur

fr-noun

masseur m (plural masseurs, feminine masseuse)

→ English: masseur

→ Czech: masér

→ Danish: massør

→ German: Masseur

→ Dutch: masseur

→ Norwegian Bokmål: massør

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: massør

→ Turkish: masör

→ Romanian: masor

→ Swedish: massör


massicot

From the name of Guillaume Massiquot (1797-1870), the inventor of the machine. Previously the common noun was also spelt massiquot.

guillotine, a machine for cutting paper and sheet metal


Palestine

⇒ Dutch: Palestine

⇒ Italian: Palestina

(printing, dated) double pica (large size of type standardized as 24 points)


Laura

Borrowed from Late Latin Laura. A Latinate variant of Laure.


cycle

Inherited from Middle French, from Late Latin cyclus.

(Switzerland) middle school, junior high school


rêve

Inherited from Middle French rêve m (first known attestation 1674), from rêver (“to dream”).

You can even spit out a laugh and you owe it to your star, to Marcos, to joy, to the beauty of dreams, to sadness, to the hope that we hold […]

1996, Noir Désir, À ton étoile Tu peux cracher même rire et tu le dois à ton étoile, à Marcos, à la joie, à la beauté des rêves, à la mélancolie, à l’espoir qui nous tient […]


rêver

rêver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rêvant (gerund participle present)
rêvant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
rêvé (participle past)
rêvé (participle past)
rêve (first-person indicative present singular)
rêves (indicative present second-person singular)
rêve (indicative present singular third-person)
rêvons (first-person indicative plural present)
rêvons (first-person indicative plural present)
rêvez (indicative plural present second-person)
rêvez (indicative plural present second-person)
rêvent (indicative plural present third-person)
rêvais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rêvais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rêvais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rêvais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rêvait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rêvait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rêvions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rêvions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rêviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rêviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rêvaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rêvaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rêvai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
rêvai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
rêvas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
rêvas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
rêva (historic indicative past singular third-person)
rêva (historic indicative past singular third-person)
rêvâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
rêvâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
rêvâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
rêvâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
rêvèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
rêvèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
rêverai (first-person future indicative singular)
rêverai (first-person future indicative singular)
rêveras (future indicative second-person singular)
rêveras (future indicative second-person singular)
rêvera (future indicative singular third-person)
rêvera (future indicative singular third-person)
rêverons (first-person future indicative plural)
rêverons (first-person future indicative plural)
rêverez (future indicative plural second-person)
rêverez (future indicative plural second-person)
rêveront (future indicative plural third-person)
rêveront (future indicative plural third-person)
rêverais (conditional first-person singular)
rêverais (conditional first-person singular)
rêverais (conditional second-person singular)
rêverais (conditional second-person singular)
rêverait (conditional singular third-person)
rêverait (conditional singular third-person)
rêverions (conditional first-person plural)
rêverions (conditional first-person plural)
rêveriez (conditional plural second-person)
rêveriez (conditional plural second-person)
rêveraient (conditional plural third-person)
rêveraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
rêve (first-person present singular subjunctive)
rêves (present second-person singular subjunctive)
rêve (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rêvions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rêvions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rêviez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rêviez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rêvent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rêvasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rêvasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rêvasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rêvasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rêvât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rêvât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rêvassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rêvassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rêvassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rêvassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rêvassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rêvassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rêve (imperative second-person singular)
rêvons (first-person imperative plural)
rêvons (first-person imperative plural)
rêvez (imperative plural second-person)
rêvez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French resver, from Old French resver (“to consider, reflect, be delirious”), of uncertain origin. The Trésor de la langue française informatisé links it back either to an unattested *esver (“to wander”) or to Latin *reexvadō, from re- + ex- + evadō. The Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch links it back to *reexvagus, hence the same as the first proposal by the Trésor de la langue française informatisé. Compare Old English rǣswan (“to consider, suspect, conjecture”), of similar form and meaning.

noncog

Échappée d’une couverture, je rêvais de l’aventure

Escaped from a blanket, I dreamed of adventure


masturbation

Inherited from Middle French, borrowed from New Latin masturbātiōnem. By surface analysis, masturber + -ation.

La masturbation existe; elle est fort répandue chez les femmes, c’est un fait incontestable[…]

1897, Thésée Pouillet, De l'onanisme chez la femme [On onanism in women] (Psychopathie sexuell), volume I:

Masturbation exists; it is very widespread among women, that is undeniable […]


arrogant

fr-adj

arrogant (feminine arrogante, masculine plural arrogants, feminine plural arrogantes)

arrogante (feminine)
arrogants (masculine plural)
arrogantes (feminine plural)


nuit

Haitian Creole: nwit

Inherited from Middle French nuyt, from Old French noit, nuit, from Latin noctem, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.


panier

→ English: pannier

Inherited from Old French, from Latin pānārium (“breadbasket”), from pānis (“bread”).

mettre tous ses œufs dans le même panier


aa

(geology, often attributive) the surface of an aa lava flow


pomme

Inherited from Middle French pomme, from Old French pome, pume, from Latin pōma, plural of pōmum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular, from Proto-Italic *poomos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“taken off”). Compare English pome.

inh

(architecture) a decorative motif in the shape of an apple

pomme épineuse

(botany) the fruit part of several vegetables, such as the heart of a cabbage or lettuce


penalty

fr-noun

penalty m (plural penaltys or penalties)

Borrowed from English penalty, itself a borrowing from French pénalité (thus a reborrowing). Doublet of pénalité.


allemand

From Late Latin Alamannus or Alemannus (related to Alamans, ancient Germanic people for whom the name meant "all men", "all people", according to Asinius Quadratus). aleman became alemant by the addition of a terminal T of the singular objective case for adjectives of second class in Old French, and then alemand. The Latin word itself derives from the Old High German Alaman, from a Proto-Germanic *Alamanniz, likely from the roots *allaz (whence English all) and *manniz < *mann- (whence English man).

L’allemand est une langue germanique.

Mon stagiaire parle un allemand impeccable.

Parlez-vous allemand ?


allemand

fr-adj

allemand (feminine allemande, masculine plural allemands, feminine plural allemandes)

allemande (feminine)
allemands (masculine plural)
allemandes (feminine plural)

Il n’y a pas qu’en Allemagne qu’on utilise des mots allemands.

Not only in Germany does one use German words.

La traduction allemande de France est Frankreich.

The German translation of "France" is Frankreich.

(relational) of the German language; German


cardinal

cardinal (feminine cardinale, masculine plural cardinaux, feminine plural cardinales)

cardinale (feminine)
cardinaux (masculine plural)
cardinales (feminine plural)


anglais

Il parle anglais.


anglais

anglais (feminine anglaise, masculine plural anglais, feminine plural anglaises)

anglaise (feminine)
anglais (masculine plural)
anglaises (feminine plural)

→ Wolof: Angale

Il est anglais.

Ceci n’est pas un avion anglais.

(Louisiana) Anglo-American or Anglophone


cornet

→ English: cornet

→ Switzerland German: Cornet

Il tenait à la main gauche un cornet semblable à celui dont usaient les postillons ; en cas de péril, l’alarme serait donnée au patron qui tenait la barre à l’arrière.

2000, Jean-François Parot, L'énigme des Blancs-Manteaux, JC Lattès, published 2012, page 17:

In his left hand he held a horn like those used by post riders; in case of danger, the alarm would be given to the owner who was at the forward rail.


putter

putter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
puttant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
putté (participle past)
putte (first-person indicative present singular)
puttes (indicative present second-person singular)
putte (indicative present singular third-person)
puttons (first-person indicative plural present)
puttez (indicative plural present second-person)
puttent (indicative plural present third-person)
puttais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
puttais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
puttait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
puttions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
puttiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
puttaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
puttai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
puttas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
putta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
puttâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
puttâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
puttèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
putterai (first-person future indicative singular)
putteras (future indicative second-person singular)
puttera (future indicative singular third-person)
putterons (first-person future indicative plural)
putterez (future indicative plural second-person)
putteront (future indicative plural third-person)
putterais (conditional first-person singular)
putterais (conditional second-person singular)
putterait (conditional singular third-person)
putterions (conditional first-person plural)
putteriez (conditional plural second-person)
putteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
putte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
puttes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
putte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
puttions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
puttiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
puttent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
puttasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
puttasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
puttât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
puttassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
puttassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
puttassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
putte (imperative second-person singular)
puttons (first-person imperative plural)
puttez (imperative plural second-person)


potassium

Lingala: potasu


avion renifleur

fr-noun

avion renifleur m (plural avions renifleurs)


image

→ Franco-Provençal: émâge

→ Turkish: imaj

Inherited from Old French image, borrowed from Latin imaginem (“a copy, likeness, image”).


quadrillion

Inherited from Middle French quadrillion, from quadri- (“four”) + -illion.


boob

« […] Ses premiers francs en poche, Nabilla avait foncé chez le chirurgien pour pimper ses boobs. »

2014 October 30, Bertrand Ferrier, Le point de vue du panda: Le dico des mots sans dico - Humour, Max Milo, →ISBN:

" […] With her first francs in her pocket, Nabilla had rushed to the surgeon to pimp her boobs."

Mes boobs ! je continue de m’époumoner en désignant mes seins. — Ils n’ont jamais vraiment disparu Grace... Je lui lance un regard torve et attrape mon sac et mes dossiers avant de courir vers la sortie.

2019 February 6, Margot D. Bortoli, Projet Rebirth, BMR, →ISBN:

"My boobs!" I continue yelling, pointing to my breasts. "They never really disappeared, Grace..." I throw her a menacing look and grab my bag and files before running to the exit.

(slang, anglicism, chiefly in the plural) breast