temps

Inherited from Old French temps and its variants, from Latin tempus.

en moins de temps qu’il ne faut pour le dire

je n’ai pas le temps de faire ça

il faut encore du temps

Il est temps de commencer.

le temps n’est pas bon ici

quel temps fait-il ?

un temps composé

un temps simple

changez le temps du verbe


Anne

LL-Q150 (fra)-Amqui-Petite rivière Sainte-Anne.wav

a female given name, equivalent to English Ann


pivot

Inherited from Old French pivot, of uncertain origin. Compare Catalan piu (“pivot”), Spanish púa (“sharp point, spike”).


pivot

Pivot (basket-ball) on the French Wikipedia.Wikipedia ᶠʳ

Pivot (handball) on the French Wikipedia.Wikipedia ᶠʳ


Jason

a male given name, equivalent to English Jason


cirque

→ Arabic: سِيرْك (sīrk)

→ Persian: سیرک (sirk)

→ English: cirque

→ Turkish: sirk


zéro

Louisiana Creole: zéro

→ English: zero

→ Sedang: xơrô

Borrowed from Italian zero, alteration of zefiro, from Medieval Latin zephirum, from Arabic صفر. Doublet of chiffre.


vingt

Haitian Creole: ven

Louisiana Creole: vin

Mauritian Creole: vin

→ Garifuna: wein

Inherited from Middle French vingt, from Old French vint, from Latin vīgintī, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti, *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti. The Latin -g- was regularly lost in Old French, but was added back to the spelling in Middle French (now placed after the -n- in order to maintain the pronunciation).


pension

Haitian Creole: pansyon

desc

→ Belarusian: пансiён (pansijón), пансыён (pansyjón)

→ Bulgarian: пансион (pansion)

→ German: Pension

→ Greek: πανσιόν (pansión)

→ Macedonian: пансио́н (pansión)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پانسیون

Turkish: pansiyon

→ Romanian: pension

→ Russian: пансио́н (pansión)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пансѝо̄н

Latin script: pansìōn

→ Ukrainian: пансіо́н (pansión)

Inherited from Old French pension, panssion, borrowed from Latin pēnsiōnem (“payment, rent”), from pensus, the past participle of pendō (“weigh, pay”).


rame

Le fils de Barberousse était si cruel et traitait si mal ses captifs, que ceux qui occupaient les bancs de sa chiourme ne virent pas plutôt la galère la Louve se diriger sur eux et prendre de l’avance, qu’ils lâchèrent tous à la fois les rames, et saisirent leur capitaine, qui leur criait du gaillard d’arrière de ramer plus vite ; puis se le passant de banc en banc, de la poupe à la proue, ils lui donnèrent tant de coups de dents, qu’avant d’avoir atteint le mât, il avait rendu son âme aux enfers....

1836, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, chapter XXXIX, in Louis Viardot, transl., L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche, volume I, Paris: J[acques]-J[ulien] Dubochet et Cⁱᵉ, éditeurs, […], →OCLC:

The son of Barbarossa was so cruel and treated his captives so badly, that those who occupied the benches of his galley no sooner saw the galley la Louve steering to them and advancing, that they let go of the oars all at once, and seized their captain, who yelled to them from the aftcastle to row faster; then passing him to each other from bench to bench, from the poop to the prow, they bit him so much, that before having reached the mast, he had rendered his soul to Hell....


normale

(geometry) Line perpendicular to a curve


approfondir

approfondir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
approfondissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
approfondi (participle past)
approfondis (first-person indicative present singular)
approfondis (indicative present second-person singular)
approfondit (indicative present singular third-person)
approfondissons (first-person indicative plural present)
approfondissez (indicative plural present second-person)
approfondissent (indicative plural present third-person)
approfondissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
approfondissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
approfondissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
approfondissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
approfondissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
approfondissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
approfondis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
approfondis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
approfondit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
approfondîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
approfondîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
approfondirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
approfondirai (first-person future indicative singular)
approfondiras (future indicative second-person singular)
approfondira (future indicative singular third-person)
approfondirons (first-person future indicative plural)
approfondirez (future indicative plural second-person)
approfondiront (future indicative plural third-person)
approfondirais (conditional first-person singular)
approfondirais (conditional second-person singular)
approfondirait (conditional singular third-person)
approfondirions (conditional first-person plural)
approfondiriez (conditional plural second-person)
approfondiraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
approfondisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
approfondisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
approfondisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
approfondissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
approfondissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
approfondissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
approfondisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
approfondisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
approfondît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
approfondissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
approfondissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
approfondissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
approfondis (imperative second-person singular)
approfondissons (first-person imperative plural)
approfondissez (imperative plural second-person)

Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.

1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche^(fr.Wikisource), translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:

With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.

to consider more thoroughly, to delve deeper into


courrier électronique

fr-noun

courrier électronique m (plural courriers électroniques)


police

→ Amharic: ፖሊስ (polis)

→ Hunsrik: Puliss

→ Persian: پلیس (polis)

Borrowed from Late Latin polītīa (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).

bor+

(Quebec, colloquial) cop (police officer)


police

→ German: Police

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پولیس (polis)
Turkish: polis

police d’assurance

police de caractères

police d’écriture ― typeface


bic

→ Chadian Arabic: بيك (bīk)

→ Khmer: ប៊ិក (bĭk)

→ Lao: ບິກ (bik)

A genericized trademark. From BIC, a popular French brand of disposable ballpoint pen and disposable lighters, which is from the name of the co-founder of the company. Named after French businessman Marcel Bich. From Bich (“surname”).

named-after

disposable ballpoint pen, stick pen; Bic, Biro (Britain, Australia, New Zealand)


mec

From mac, a shortening of maquereau (“pimp”), from Dutch makelaar (“broker”).

Quel mec a volé mon pantalon?

Hé mec ! Mec, comment t’épelles Paris ?

1984, “Paris”, performed by Taxi Girl (sung by Daniel Darc):

(slang) guy, fellow, bloke, chap, dude, boyfriend


La Mecque

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Jessica

Borrowed from English Jessica, popular at the end of the 20th century.


innocent

fr-noun

innocent m (plural innocents, feminine innocente)

From Old French inocent, borrowed from Latin innocentem (“harmless, inoffensive”, from in- (“not”) + nocēns (present participle of noceō (“to hurt”))).

af

present participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">noceō</i> (“to hurt”)


avion

→ Bulgarian: авион (avion)

→ Catalan: avió

→ Esperanto: avio

→ Galician: avión

Haitian Creole: avyon

→ Luxembourgish: Avion

→ Macedonian: авион (avion)

Mauritian Creole: avyon

→ Occitan: avion

→ Portuguese: avião
→ Hunsrik: Aviong

→ Romanian: avion

→ Serbo-Croatian: avion

Seychellois Creole: avyon

→ Slovene: avion

desctree

→ Spanish: avión
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: abion
→ Zoogocho Zapotec: avión

Coined by French inventor and engineer Clément Ader for a patent application. From earlier Avion (1875), from Latin avis (“bird”) + -on, replacing earlier aéroplane after WWI.

coin

Regarde comme cet avion vole vite !

– Qu’est ce que c’est que cette chose-là? – Ce n’est pas une chose. Ça vole. C’est un avion. C’est mon avion. Et j’étais fier de lui apprendre que je volais. Alors il s’écria: – Comment! tu es tombé du ciel!

1943, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Le Petit Prince:

— What is that thing? — That's not a thing. It flies. It's an airplane. It's my airplane. And I was proud to teach him that I was flying. Then he exclaimed: — What! You fell from the sky!


fantasy

Unadapted borrowing from English fantasy. Doublet of fantaisie.


collection

→ Romanian: colecție

→ Turkish: koleksiyon

Borrowed from Latin collēctiōnem. Cf. also Old French quieuçon, which may be inherited from the same source, and the modern cueillaison, which was probably formed analogically.


permanent

From Middle French permanant, permanent, from Latin permanentem (accusative of permanēns).


DVC

(French politics) Abbreviation of divers centre (“centrist”).


ketchup

Borrowed from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).


has-been

La coke est devenue has been.

2023, Frédéric Beigbeder, “Adieu la coke”, in Confessions d'un hétérosexuel légèrement dépassé, Paris: Albin Michel, →ISBN, page 40:


marital

fr-adj

marital (feminine maritale, masculine plural maritaux, feminine plural maritales)

maritale (feminine)
maritaux (masculine plural)
maritales (feminine plural)


instance

(law) legal proceedings, prosecution process

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming


instance

A derivative of etymology 1, but reborrowed from English.


étoile

Haitian Creole: zetwal

Mauritian Creole: zetwal

Seychellois Creole: zetwal

→ English: étoile, etoile

→ Italian: étoile

From Middle French estoile, from Old French estoile, esteile, from Late Latin stēla, from Latin stēlla. Doublet of Estelle.

صَبْحَة (ṣabḥa) (M), صُبْحَة (ṣubḥa) (Bc), étoile, marque blanche sur le front d’un cheval ou d’un taureau, pelote.

1881, Reinhart Pieter Anne Dozy, “étoile”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes, volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 814

… a white mark on the forehead of a horse or bull …

(agriculture) a white mark on the forehead of a horse or bull


grotesque

→ Romanian: grotesc

From Middle French grotesque, from Italian grottesco (“of a cave”), from grotta.


synagogue

Le samedi je vais à la synagogue où mes parents ont grandi.

On Saturday I go to the synagogue where my parents grew up.


ku

cue, The name of the Latin-script letter Q/q.


lait

fr-noun

lait m (countable and uncountable, plural laits)

Inherited from Old French lait, from Late Latin lactem, from Latin lac, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵlákts. Compare Occitan lach, lait.


SN

(military, nautical) Initialism of sous-marin nucléaire (“nuclear-powered submarine; SSN”).

(linguistics) Initialism of syntagme nominal (“noun phrase; NP”).


avant-garde

→ Danish: avantgarde

→ English: avant-garde

→ German: Avantgarde

→ Korean: 아방가르드 (abanggareudeu)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: avantgarde

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: avantgarde

→ Swedish: avantgarde

→ Turkish: avangart

Inherited from Old French avantgarde. By surface analysis, avant (“before, in front of”) + garde (“guard”).

surf

Le 11 décembre, les avant-gardes ennemies étaient signalées aux environs de Château-Thierry.

1879, Alfred Barbou, Les Trois Républiques françaises : Histoire populaire de la République en France [The Three French Republics: People's history of the Republic in France], A. Duquesne:

On December 11, the enemy vanguard was reported in the vicinity of Château-Thierry.

En éduquant le parti ouvrier, le marxisme éduque une avant-garde du prolétariat capable de prendre le pouvoir et de mener le peuple tout entier au socialisme, de diriger et d’organiser un régime nouveau, d’être l’éducateur, le guide et le chef de tous les travailleurs et exploités pour l’organisation de leur vie sociale, sans la bourgeoisie et contre la bourgeoisie. Au contraire, l’opportunisme régnant éduque, dans le parti ouvrier, des représentants des travailleurs les mieux rétribués qui se détachent de la masse : ils "s’accommodent" assez bien du régime capitaliste et vendent pour un plat de lentilles leur droit d’aînesse, c’est-à-dire qu’ils abdiquent leur rôle de chefs révolutionnaires du peuple dans la lutte contre la bourgeoisie.

1917, Vladimir Lenin, “Chapter II, part 1”, in L’État et la Révolution:

(Marxism) vanguard, the most politicized and conscious part of the proletariat.


masculin

fr-adj

masculin (feminine masculine, masculine plural masculins, feminine plural masculines)

masculine (feminine)
masculins (masculine plural)
masculines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French masculin, borrowed from Latin māsculīnus.


poli

poli (feminine polie, masculine plural polis, feminine plural polies)

polie (feminine)
polis (masculine plural)
polies (feminine plural)


diaphane

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin diaphanus (“diaphanous”), from Ancient Greek διαφανής (diaphanḗs), from δια- (dia-, “through”) and φαίνω (phaínō, “show”).

lbor

(physics or formal) diaphanous, translucent


ripper

ripper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rippant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
rippé (participle past)
rippe (first-person indicative present singular)
rippes (indicative present second-person singular)
rippe (indicative present singular third-person)
rippons (first-person indicative plural present)
rippez (indicative plural present second-person)
rippent (indicative plural present third-person)
rippais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rippais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rippait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rippions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rippiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rippaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rippai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
rippas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
rippa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
rippâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
rippâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
rippèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
ripperai (first-person future indicative singular)
ripperas (future indicative second-person singular)
rippera (future indicative singular third-person)
ripperons (first-person future indicative plural)
ripperez (future indicative plural second-person)
ripperont (future indicative plural third-person)
ripperais (conditional first-person singular)
ripperais (conditional second-person singular)
ripperait (conditional singular third-person)
ripperions (conditional first-person plural)
ripperiez (conditional plural second-person)
ripperaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
rippe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
rippes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
rippe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rippions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rippiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rippent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rippasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rippasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rippât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rippassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rippassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rippassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rippe (imperative second-person singular)
rippons (first-person imperative plural)
rippez (imperative plural second-person)


acteur

fr-noun

acteur m (plural acteurs, feminine actrice)

→ German: Akteur

→ Romanian: actor

→ Ottoman Turkish: آقتور (aktör)

Turkish: aktör

Inherited from Middle French acteur, from Latin actor.


mille

Inherited from Middle French mille, from Old French mile, from Latin mīlle (“thousand”) (plural mīlia), from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

inh

Presque mille enfants y habitent.


mille

→ Dutch: mille

→ Garifuna: milu (possibly)

→ German: Mille

Louisiana Creole: mil

→ Vurës: mil

Short for mille nautique (“nautical mile”).


dhamma

fr-noun

dhamma m (usually uncountable, plural dhammas)


diabolo

→ Portuguese: diabolô, diábolo


saké

→ Romanian: sake n

→ Turkish: sake

Borrowed from Japanese 酒 (sake, “rice wine”).


apartheid

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + -heid (cognate of English -hood).

af

cognate of English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-hood</i>

fr:Apartheid en Afrique du Sud
fr:apartheid

(history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)


boudoir

→ Bulgarian: будоар (budoar)

→ English: boudoir

→ German: Boudoir

→ Greek: μπουντουάρ (bountouár)

→ Hungarian: budoár

→ Macedonian: будоар (budoar)

→ Polish: buduar

→ Romanian: budoar

→ Russian: будуа́р (buduár)

→ Georgian: ბუდუარი (buduari)

→ Serbo-Croatian: будоар

→ Swedish: budoar

→ Ukrainian: будуа́р (buduár)


docile

Near-synonym: obéissant


Australien

fr-noun

Australien m (plural Australiens, feminine Australienne)

Australiens (plural)
Australienne (feminine)


tonic

Borrowed from English tonic, from tonic water.


trombe

→ English: tromp

→ German: Trombe

→ Swedish: tromb

From being shaped like a trumpet. Inherited from Middle French, borrowed from Italian tromba. Doublet of trompe.


attestation

Inherited from Middle French attestation, borrowed from Latin attestātiōnem.


RIP

référendum d’initiative partagée
référendum d'initiative partagée#French

(French politics) Initialism of référendum d’initiative partagée.


kopeck

Borrowed from Russian копе́йка (kopéjka).

bor+

Personne n’aurait misé un kopeck sur eux.

Nobody would have bet a wooden nickel on them.

(figuratively, chiefly in the negative) a wooden nickel or brass farthing, an iota


hauteur

La hauteur d’un parallélogramme est perpendiculaire à sa base.

The height of a parallelogram is perpendicular to its base.


cheeseburger

Unadapted borrowing from American English cheeseburger.


Fiona

a female given name from the Goidelic languages, popular in the 1990s and the 2000s


Pâques

Haitian Creole: Pak

→ Lingala: Páke

→ Persian: عید پاک ('eyd-e pâk)

Inherited from Middle French Pasques, from Old French pasques, pasches, from Latin pascha (influenced by pascuum, pascua (“grazing”)), from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic [script needed] (pasḥa), from Hebrew פסחא (pasḥa).

Joyeuses Pâques !


cordial

fr-adj

cordial (feminine cordiale, masculine plural cordiaux, feminine plural cordiales)

cordiale (feminine)
cordiaux (masculine plural)
cordiales (feminine plural)


fondant

fondant (feminine fondante, masculine plural fondants, feminine plural fondantes)

fondante (feminine)
fondants (masculine plural)
fondantes (feminine plural)

(heraldry) stooping, as for prey; describes an eagle, falcon, etc. flying downward


ratio

Borrowed from Latin ratio. Doublet of raison and ration.


éclair

→ Bulgarian: еклер (ekler)

→ Dutch: eclair

→ English: éclair

→ German: Eclair

desc

→ Greek: εκλέρ (eklér), εκλαίρ n (eklaír)

→ Italian: éclair

→ Macedonian: еклер (ekler)

→ Polish: ekler

→ Portuguese: ecler

→ Romanian: ecler

→ Russian: экле́р (eklér)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: еклер

Latin script: ekler

→ Spanish: éclair

→ Swedish: éclair

→ Turkish: ekler

éclair au café

éclair au chocolat


Gabriel

→ Alemannic German: Gaabi

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Gabriel


feuilleton

→ English: feuilleton

→ German: Feuilleton

→ Italian: feuilleton, fogliettone

→ Swedish: följetong

→ Danish: føljeton

(literature) serial, feuilleton, literary article


deuil

fr-noun

deuil m (countable and uncountable, plural deuils)

Alteration of Old French duel, plural dueus (possibly influenced by analogy to œil and its plural), which probably came from Late Latin dolus, a derivative of Latin dolor (“pain”), or possibly from a Vulgar Latin *dolium, from cordolium.


noble

→ Danish: nobel

→ German: nobel

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French noble, borrowed from Latin nōbilis according to the TLFi dictionary.


aborder

aborder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abordant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
abordé (participle past)
aborde (first-person indicative present singular)
abordes (indicative present second-person singular)
aborde (indicative present singular third-person)
abordons (first-person indicative plural present)
abordez (indicative plural present second-person)
abordent (indicative plural present third-person)
abordais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abordais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abordait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abordions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abordiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abordaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abordai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
abordas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
aborda (historic indicative past singular third-person)
abordâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
abordâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
abordèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
aborderai (first-person future indicative singular)
aborderas (future indicative second-person singular)
abordera (future indicative singular third-person)
aborderons (first-person future indicative plural)
aborderez (future indicative plural second-person)
aborderont (future indicative plural third-person)
aborderais (conditional first-person singular)
aborderais (conditional second-person singular)
aborderait (conditional singular third-person)
aborderions (conditional first-person plural)
aborderiez (conditional plural second-person)
aborderaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
aborde (first-person present singular subjunctive)
abordes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
aborde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
abordions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abordiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abordent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
abordasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abordasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abordât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abordassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abordassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abordassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aborde (imperative second-person singular)
abordons (first-person imperative plural)
abordez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abordere

(transitive, chiefly nautical) to reach, especially with a boat

(transitive, originally nautical, literary, rare) to attack, especially a boat


voile

Inherited from Old French voile, veile, veille, from Vulgar Latin *vēla, from the plural of Latin vēlum, from Proto-Indo-European.

La voile, il n’y a rien de mieux pour se détendre ! J’en ai fait tout le week-end.

Sailing, there's nothing better for relaxing! I did it all weekend.


sequin

Borrowed from Italian zecchino, from zecca (“mint”), from Arabic سِكَّة (sikka, “die for coining, coin”).


cloche

From Medieval Latin clocca, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (see also Welsh cloch, Old Irish cloc), ultimately imitative. Related to Old English clucge, Low German Klock (“bell, clock”), German Glocke, Swedish klocka.

onomatopoeic

imitative


fugue

fr:Fugue
fr:Fugue (fuite du domicile familial)

→ English: fugue

→ Persian: فوگ (fug)

→ Turkish: füg

Borrowed from Latin fuga. Doublet of fougue.


grade

→ Romanian: grad

Borrowed from Latin gradus. Compare degré. Doublet of gradus.


flasher

flasher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
flashant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
flashé (participle past)
flashe (first-person indicative present singular)
flashes (indicative present second-person singular)
flashe (indicative present singular third-person)
flashons (first-person indicative plural present)
flashez (indicative plural present second-person)
flashent (indicative plural present third-person)
flashais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
flashais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
flashait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
flashions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
flashiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
flashaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
flashai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
flashas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
flasha (historic indicative past singular third-person)
flashâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
flashâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
flashèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
flasherai (first-person future indicative singular)
flasheras (future indicative second-person singular)
flashera (future indicative singular third-person)
flasherons (first-person future indicative plural)
flasherez (future indicative plural second-person)
flasheront (future indicative plural third-person)
flasherais (conditional first-person singular)
flasherais (conditional second-person singular)
flasherait (conditional singular third-person)
flasherions (conditional first-person plural)
flasheriez (conditional plural second-person)
flasheraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
flashe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
flashes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
flashe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
flashions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
flashiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
flashent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
flashasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
flashasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
flashât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
flashassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
flashassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
flashassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
flashe (imperative second-person singular)
flashons (first-person imperative plural)
flashez (imperative plural second-person)

to flash (of a camera, to use flash photography)

(transport) to flash (to catch a speeding vehicle on camera)


post

(Internet) post (message on a blog, etc.)


ester

Inherited from Old French ester (given a spelling-pronunciation), from Classical Latin stāre (cf. the juridical Medieval Latin senses).


ester

From German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).


loupe

→ Catalan: lupa

→ Danish: lup

→ Dutch: loep
→ Indonesian: lup

→ English: loupe

→ Finnish: luppi

desctree

→ German: Lupe
Japanese: ルーペ (rūpe)
Korean: 루페 (rupe)

→ Luxembourgish: Lupp

→ Polish: lupa

→ Portuguese: lupa

→ Romanian: lupă

→ Russian: лу́па (lúpa)

→ Spanish: lupa
→ Basque: lupa

→ Swedish: lupp

→ Vietnamese: kính lúp

From Middle French, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), of uncertain origin, though probably from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”). Cognate with Dutch dialectal (Meuse-Rhenish) luppe (“piece”); Middle Dutch and Middle Low German lobbe (“dangling part”); Saterland Frisian lobbe (“hanging lump of flesh”); Old English loppe, lobbe (“spider”); Dutch lob (“hanging lip, ruffle or sleeve”). More at lobe.

cog

(botany) burl, a growth on the side of a tree


flipper

From English flipper, the part of a pinball machine used to strike the ball up higher on the game surface.


tunnel

Haitian Creole: tinèl

→ Armenian: թիւնէլ (tʻiwnēl)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تونل (tünel), طونل (tünel)
Turkish: tünel

→ Romanian: tunel

English tunnel, itself a borrowing from French tonnelle; hence a reborrowing. Doublet of tonnelle.


Inuit

fr-noun

Inuit m (plural Inuits, feminine Inuite)

From Inuktitut ᐃᓄᐃᑦ (inoit, “the people”).


roi

Antillean Creole: wa

Guianese Creole: rwè

Haitian Creole: wa

(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa

Karipúna Creole French: hué

Louisiana Creole: rwa

Seychellois Creole: lerwa

Inherited from Middle French roy, from Old French roi, rei, from Latin rēgem.

au royaume des aveugles, les borgnes sont rois


fort

fr-adj

fort (feminine forte, masculine plural forts, feminine plural fortes)

forte (feminine)
forts (masculine plural)
fortes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French fort, from Latin fortem (“strong”), from Old Latin forctis, fortis.

la raison du plus fort est toujours la meilleure

Je suis fort en anglais

(intransitive) (informal) skilled, proficient, successful, sometimes translated "good" (often used in reference to academic subjects) [with en]


fort

Alors on ferme les yeux, on a fort envie de quelque chose et on se l’offre.

So we close our eyes, we really fancy something and we're going to take it.


carton

→ Persian: کارتن (kârton)


bain-marie

→ German: Bain-Marie

→ English: bain-marie

→ Italian: bagnomaria (calque)

→ Polish: bemar

→ Portuguese: banho-maria (calque)

→ Spanish: baño maría (calque)

Calque of Medieval Latin balneum Mariae (literally “Maria's bath”), a reference to the early alchemist Maria Prophetissima (also known as Mary the Jewess).

clq

1836, Burnet (M), Dictionnaire de cuisine et d'économie ménagère: à l'usage des maîtres et maîtresses de maison, fermiers, maîtres-d'hôtel, chefs de cuisine, chefs d'office, restaurateurs, pâtissiers, marchands de comestibles, confiseurs, distillateurs, &c. ..., page 35

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

On met les bouteilles dans le bain-marie, le goulot et le bouchon hors de l’eau, et on allume. Le bain-marie peut se faire dans toute espèce de chaudière ou de vase rempli d’eau que l’on fait bouillir. Quand les bouteilles ont passé dans le ...

(cooking) double boiler, bain-marie (hot water bath made out of two containers)


mouiller

mouiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mouillant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
mouillé (participle past)
mouille (first-person indicative present singular)
mouilles (indicative present second-person singular)
mouille (indicative present singular third-person)
mouillons (first-person indicative plural present)
mouillez (indicative plural present second-person)
mouillent (indicative plural present third-person)
mouillais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mouillais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mouillait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mouillions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mouilliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mouillaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mouillai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
mouillas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
mouilla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
mouillâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
mouillâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
mouillèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
mouillerai (first-person future indicative singular)
mouilleras (future indicative second-person singular)
mouillera (future indicative singular third-person)
mouillerons (first-person future indicative plural)
mouillerez (future indicative plural second-person)
mouilleront (future indicative plural third-person)
mouillerais (conditional first-person singular)
mouillerais (conditional second-person singular)
mouillerait (conditional singular third-person)
mouillerions (conditional first-person plural)
mouilleriez (conditional plural second-person)
mouilleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
mouille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
mouilles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mouille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
mouillions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
mouilliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
mouillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
mouillasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
mouillasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mouillât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mouillassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
mouillassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mouillassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mouille (imperative second-person singular)
mouillons (first-person imperative plural)
mouillez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French moillier, from Vulgar Latin *molliāre (“soak”), a verb based on Latin mollis (“soft”). Compare Occitan molhar.

(transitive, nautical) to cast, drop (anchor)

Le 10 novembre, Villegaignon mouille dans la baie de Guanabara, où Français et Portugais se disputaient depuis plusieurs années les faveurs des indigènes.

1955, Claude Lévi-Strauss, chapter IX, in Tristes Tropiques, Plon, published 1993, →ISBN, page 90; republished as John & Doreen Weightman, transl., Tristes Tropiques, Penguin, 2011, →ISBN:

— On November 10th, Villegaignon anchored in the bay of Guanabara, where for several years the French and the Portuguese had been vying with each other in wooing the natives.

(intransitive, nautical) to anchor, lie at anchor


blouse

desc

→ Arabic: بَلُوزَة (balūza), بْلُوزَة (blūza)

→ Catalan: brusa

→ Czech: blůza

→ Danish: bluse

desctree

→ Dutch: bloes, blouse
Afrikaans: bloes
Petjo: bloes (archaic)
→ Caribbean Hindustani: blus
→ Caribbean Javanese: blus
→ Indonesian: blus

→ English: blouse
→ Bengali: ব্লাউজ (blauj)
→ Gujarati: બ્લાઉઝ (blāujha)
→ Hindi: ब्लाउज़ (blāuz)
→ Japanese: ブラウス (burausu), ブルーズ (burūzu)
→ Korean: 블라우스 (beullauseu)

→ German: Bluse, Blouse
→ Bulgarian: блу́за (blúza)
→ Hungarian: blúz
→ Hunsrik: Bluse
→ Macedonian: блуза (bluza)
→ Russian: блу́за (blúza)
→ Serbo-Croatian: blúza

→ German Low German: Bluus

→ Italian: blusa

→ Luxembourgish: Blus

→ Norwegian: bluse

→ Persian: بلوز (boluz, bluz)

→ Polish: bluza

→ Portuguese: blusa

→ Romanian: bluză

→ Spanish: blusa
→ Tagalog: blusa

→ Swedish: blus

→ Turkish: bluz

→ Venetan: bluxa

→ Walloon: blouze

1788, of obscure origin. Three hypotheses are:
* French blousse (“scraps of wool”), from Occitan lano blouso (“pure or short wool”), from blous, blos (“pure, empty, bare”), from Old High German blōz (“naked, bare”) (German bloß (“bare”))
* A conflation of the aforementioned and French bliaud, bliaut (a kind of smock or robe, whence English bliaus, bliaut), from Old French bliau, also from Frankish *blīfald (“topcoat of scarlet colour”), from *blīu (“coloured, bright”) + *fald (“crease, fold”). More at English blee, fold, and bliaut.
* From Medieval Latin pelusia, from Pelusium, a city of Upper Egypt, a clothing manufacturer during the Middle Ages.

der

blouse d’hôpital

uniform or coat with buttons down the front


blouse

→ German: Blouse, Bluse

→ Russian: лу́за (lúza)

belouse is earlier. The word appears already in the early 17ᵗʰ century and its origin is unknown.

(archaic) any one of the holes on a billiards table


solo

Borrowed from Italian solo. Doublet of seul.

(music) solo (a piece of music for one performer)


Bollywood

From English Bollywood, from Blend of Bombay + Hollywood.


magnum

(wine) a bottle of wine containing 1.5 liters of fluid, double the volume of a standard bottle


composition

→ Korean: 콩포지숑 (kongpojisyong) (rare)

→ Turkish: kompozisyon

Inherited from Old French composicion, borrowed from Latin compositiōnem.

(linguistics) composition, compounding, formation of compound words


tango

Turkish: tango


ricochet

Uncertain. The word first appears in the phrases chanson du/de riochet, fable du ricochet. This is apparently related to other story-titles such as the fable du rouge kokelet; other dialectal terms such as ripoton (“duckling”) and Norman recoquet (“chick”) has led to theories that the word originally indicated a "young cock". The sense-development is unclear.

(games) ducks and drakes, stone skipping


claymore

From English claymore, from Scottish Gaelic claidheamh-mòr.


objet

Turkish: obje

Coordinate term: sujet


svastika

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).


Alabama

Borrowed from English Alabama, itself likely from Alabama Albaamaha.

Demain, je vais dans l’Alabama rendre visite à ma grand-mère.

Tomorrow, I'm going to Alabama to visit my grandmother.

États: Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · Californie · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Floride · Géorgie · Hawaï · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiane · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · Nouveau-Mexique · État de New York · Caroline du Nord · Dakota du Nord · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvanie · Rhode Island · Caroline du Sud · Dakota du Sud · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginie · Washington · Virginie-Occidentale · Wisconsin · Wyoming

Samoa américaines · Guam · Îles Mariannes du Nord · Porto Rico · îles mineures éloignées des États-Unis · Îles Vierges des États-Unis


moiré

fr-adj

moiré (feminine moirée, masculine plural moirés, feminine plural moirées)

moirée (feminine)
moirés (masculine plural)
moirées (feminine plural)

(design, textiles) moiré, watered (effect)


ellipse

Borrowed from Latin ellīpsis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis).


brassard

From bras + -ard (since at least 1549 in the spelling brassar, 1562 in the spelling brassart, and 1575 in the spelling brassard). Displaced the apparently slightly older brassal (1546), from Italian bracciale (or, less likely, Provençal brassal).


proposition

From Latin prōpositiōnem (“statement, proposition”), from prōpōnō (“propose”), from pōnō (“place; assume”).


villa

→ Persian: ویلا (vilâ)

Borrowed from Italian villa. Doublet of ville.


élan

→ English: élan

→ German: Elan

→ Portuguese: elã, élan

→ Romanian: elan


essence

→ Dutch: essence

→ Finnish: esanssi

→ Romanian: esență

→ Turkish: esans

→ Vietnamese: ét-xăng

From Old French, from Latin essentia. Sense 2 very likely from Latin edō (“eat”), in the sense of 'what is eaten, fuel'. Many forms of the latter are indistinguishable from the former, and so the confusion with essence is very understandable.


acier

Haitian Creole: asye

→ Interlingua: aciero

Inherited from Old French acier, acer, from Late Latin aciārium, from Latin acies, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”). Compare Catalan acer, Galician aceiro, Italian acciaio, Occitan acièr, Portuguese aço, Spanish acero.


agneau

Inherited from Old French agnel, aignel, agniau, from Latin agnellus (according to the TLFi, an early borrowing), diminutive of agnus.

innocent comme l’agneau qui vient de naître


aile

Inherited from Middle French aisle, from Old French aile, from Latin āla (“wing [of animals]”).

wing (of a bird or other flying animal; of poultry; of an aircraft; of a building; of an army; in football and rugby; in politics)


risible

Learned borrowing from Latin rīsibilis, from rīdeō (“to laugh”).


directeur

fr-noun

directeur m (plural directeurs, feminine directrice)

directeurs (plural)
directrice (feminine)

→ Danish: direktør

→ Dutch: directeur (see there for further descendants)

→ German: Directeur

→ Norwegian Bokmål: direktør

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: direktør

→ Swedish: direktör

→ Turkish: direktör

Learned borrowing from Late Latin dīrēctor.


chrono-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).


cul-de-sac

→ English: cul-de-sac

dead end, cul-de-sac (a path that goes nowhere)


allotrope

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), and τρόπος (trópos, “way, manner”).

L’ozone est un allotrope de l’oxygène


grigri

[…] un Foulah vint me trouver au pied de l’arbre où je reposais, et me demanda en ouolof, que j’entendais, un grigri pour avoir des richesses ; je le lui écrivis, et en reconnaissance il me donna une jatte de lait.

1830, René Caillié, Voyage à Tombouctou, Paris: La Découverte, published 1996, →ISBN, page 47:

[…] a Fula came to find me at the foot of the tree where I was resting, and asked me in Wolof, which I understood, for a wealth charm. I wrote one for him, and out of gratitude he gave me a bowl of milk.


abacule

Learned borrowing from Latin abaculus, a diminutive of abacus (“panel”).

(art and architecture) a mosaic tessera; tessella; abaculus


abaisser

abaisser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abaissant (gerund participle present)
abaissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
abaissé (participle past)
abaissé (participle past)
abaisse (first-person indicative present singular)
abaisses (indicative present second-person singular)
abaisse (indicative present singular third-person)
abaissons (first-person indicative plural present)
abaissons (first-person indicative plural present)
abaissez (indicative plural present second-person)
abaissez (indicative plural present second-person)
abaissent (indicative plural present third-person)
abaissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abaissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abaissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abaissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abaissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abaissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abaissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abaissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abaissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abaissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abaissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abaissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abaissai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
abaissai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
abaissas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
abaissas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
abaissa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
abaissa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
abaissâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
abaissâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
abaissâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
abaissâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
abaissèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
abaissèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
abaisserai (first-person future indicative singular)
abaisserai (first-person future indicative singular)
abaisseras (future indicative second-person singular)
abaisseras (future indicative second-person singular)
abaissera (future indicative singular third-person)
abaissera (future indicative singular third-person)
abaisserons (first-person future indicative plural)
abaisserons (first-person future indicative plural)
abaisserez (future indicative plural second-person)
abaisserez (future indicative plural second-person)
abaisseront (future indicative plural third-person)
abaisseront (future indicative plural third-person)
abaisserais (conditional first-person singular)
abaisserais (conditional first-person singular)
abaisserais (conditional second-person singular)
abaisserais (conditional second-person singular)
abaisserait (conditional singular third-person)
abaisserait (conditional singular third-person)
abaisserions (conditional first-person plural)
abaisserions (conditional first-person plural)
abaisseriez (conditional plural second-person)
abaisseriez (conditional plural second-person)
abaisseraient (conditional plural third-person)
abaisseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
abaisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
abaisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
abaisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
abaissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abaissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abaissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abaissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abaissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
abaissasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abaissasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abaissasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abaissasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abaissât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abaissât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abaissassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abaissassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abaissassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abaissassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abaissassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abaissassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abaisse (imperative second-person singular)
abaissons (first-person imperative plural)
abaissons (first-person imperative plural)
abaissez (imperative plural second-person)
abaissez (imperative plural second-person)
s'abaisser (infinitive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
s’abaissant (gerund participle present)
s’abaissant (gerund participle present)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
abaissé (participle past)
abaissé (participle past)
m’abaisse (first-person indicative present singular)
t’abaisses (indicative present second-person singular)
s’abaisse (indicative present singular third-person)
nous abaissons (first-person indicative plural present)
nous abaissons (first-person indicative plural present)
vous abaissez (indicative plural present second-person)
vous abaissez (indicative plural present second-person)
s’abaissent (indicative plural present third-person)
m’abaissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
m’abaissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
t’abaissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
t’abaissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
s’abaissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
s’abaissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
nous abaissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
nous abaissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
vous abaissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
vous abaissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
s’abaissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
s’abaissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
m’abaissai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
m’abaissai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
t’abaissas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
t’abaissas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
s’abaissa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
s’abaissa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
nous abaissâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
nous abaissâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
vous abaissâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
vous abaissâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
s’abaissèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
s’abaissèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
m’abaisserai (first-person future indicative singular)
m’abaisserai (first-person future indicative singular)
t’abaisseras (future indicative second-person singular)
t’abaisseras (future indicative second-person singular)
s’abaissera (future indicative singular third-person)
s’abaissera (future indicative singular third-person)
nous abaisserons (first-person future indicative plural)
nous abaisserons (first-person future indicative plural)
vous abaisserez (future indicative plural second-person)
vous abaisserez (future indicative plural second-person)
s’abaisseront (future indicative plural third-person)
s’abaisseront (future indicative plural third-person)
m’abaisserais (conditional first-person singular)
m’abaisserais (conditional first-person singular)
t’abaisserais (conditional second-person singular)
t’abaisserais (conditional second-person singular)
s’abaisserait (conditional singular third-person)
s’abaisserait (conditional singular third-person)
nous abaisserions (conditional first-person plural)
nous abaisserions (conditional first-person plural)
vous abaisseriez (conditional plural second-person)
vous abaisseriez (conditional plural second-person)
s’abaisseraient (conditional plural third-person)
s’abaisseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
m’abaisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
t’abaisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
s’abaisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
nous abaissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
nous abaissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vous abaissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vous abaissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
s’abaissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
m’abaissasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
m’abaissasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
t’abaissasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
t’abaissasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
s’abaissât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
s’abaissât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nous abaissassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
nous abaissassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vous abaissassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vous abaissassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
s’abaissassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
s’abaissassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abaisse-toi (imperative second-person singular)
abaissons-nous (first-person imperative plural)
abaissons-nous (first-person imperative plural)
abaissez-vous (imperative plural second-person)
abaissez-vous (imperative plural second-person)

English: to abase

Mauritian Creole: abese

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French abaissier, from a (“to, towards”) + baissier (“to lower”). See Modern French à, baisser.


housing

(computing) colocation; A service allowing multiple customers to locate network, server, and storage gear, connect them to a variety of telecommunications and network service providers, with a minimum of cost and complexity


commuter

commuter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
commutant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
commuté (participle past)
commute (first-person indicative present singular)
commutes (indicative present second-person singular)
commute (indicative present singular third-person)
commutons (first-person indicative plural present)
commutez (indicative plural present second-person)
commutent (indicative plural present third-person)
commutais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
commutais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
commutait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
commutions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
commutiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
commutaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
commutai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
commutas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
commuta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
commutâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
commutâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
commutèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
commuterai (first-person future indicative singular)
commuteras (future indicative second-person singular)
commutera (future indicative singular third-person)
commuterons (first-person future indicative plural)
commuterez (future indicative plural second-person)
commuteront (future indicative plural third-person)
commuterais (conditional first-person singular)
commuterais (conditional second-person singular)
commuterait (conditional singular third-person)
commuterions (conditional first-person plural)
commuteriez (conditional plural second-person)
commuteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
commute (first-person present singular subjunctive)
commutes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
commute (present singular subjunctive third-person)
commutions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
commutiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
commutent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
commutasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
commutasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
commutât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
commutassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
commutassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
commutassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
commute (imperative second-person singular)
commutons (first-person imperative plural)
commutez (imperative plural second-person)


transmigration

fr-noun

transmigration f (plural transmigrations)


affetto

Shortened from the Italian musical direction con affetto.


Cyril

a male given name from Ancient Greek, variant of Cyrille


démarche

→ English: démarche


portable

Borrowed from Latin portābilis. By surface analysis, porter + -able.

téléphone portable
téléphone portable#French

a mobile phone; Ellipsis of téléphone portable.

ordinateur portable
ordinateur portable#French

a laptop; Ellipsis of ordinateur portable.


brun

fr-adj

brun (feminine brune, masculine plural bruns, feminine plural brunes)

brune (feminine)
bruns (masculine plural)
brunes (feminine plural)

→ Breton: brun

Louisiana Creole: brun

→ Romanian: brun

From Middle French, from Old French brun (“polished, shiny, brown”).


relief

→ Bulgarian: реле́ф (reléf)

→ Danish: relief

→ Polish: relief

→ Romanian: relief

→ Russian: рельеф (relʹjef)

→ Swedish: relief

→ Turkish: rölyef

Inherited from Old French, from relever.

(geography, mineralogy) relief, surface elevation


fond

→ Bulgarian: фонд (fond)

→ Czech: fond

→ Dutch: fonds

→ English: fund

→ German: Fond

→ Norwegian: fond

→ Russian: фон (fon)

→ Scots: fond

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фо̏нд

Latin script: fȍnd

→ Swedish: fond

→ Turkish: fon

→ Ukrainian: фон (fon)

Inherited from Old French, from Latin fundus. Doublet of fonds.


biner

biner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
binant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
biné (participle past)
bine (first-person indicative present singular)
bines (indicative present second-person singular)
bine (indicative present singular third-person)
binons (first-person indicative plural present)
binez (indicative plural present second-person)
binent (indicative plural present third-person)
binais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
binais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
binait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
binions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
biniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
binaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
binai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
binas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
bina (historic indicative past singular third-person)
binâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
binâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
binèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
binerai (first-person future indicative singular)
bineras (future indicative second-person singular)
binera (future indicative singular third-person)
binerons (first-person future indicative plural)
binerez (future indicative plural second-person)
bineront (future indicative plural third-person)
binerais (conditional first-person singular)
binerais (conditional second-person singular)
binerait (conditional singular third-person)
binerions (conditional first-person plural)
bineriez (conditional plural second-person)
bineraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
bine (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bines (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bine (present singular subjunctive third-person)
binions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
biniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
binent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
binasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
binasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
binât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
binassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
binassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
binassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bine (imperative second-person singular)
binons (first-person imperative plural)
binez (imperative plural second-person)

From Vulgar Latin bīnāre (“to do something twice; to work the land twice”), from a derivative of Latin bīnī, from bis ("twice, two times"). Cognate with Spanish binar ("to plow over").

uder

(religion) to binate, celebrate mass twice in one day


version

(medicine) an obstetric maneuver to change the fetus' position inside the uterus so as to facilitate childbirth


container

→ Turkish: konteyner

→ Vietnamese: công-te-nơ

Borrowed from English container (during the 1920s).


parler

parler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
parlant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
parlé (participle past)
parle (first-person indicative present singular)
paʁl (first-person indicative present singular)
parles (indicative present second-person singular)
parle (indicative present singular third-person)
parlons (first-person indicative plural present)
parlez (indicative plural present second-person)
parlent (indicative plural present third-person)
parlais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
parlais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
parlait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
parlions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
parliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
parlaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
parlai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
parlas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
parla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
parlâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
parlâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
parlèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
parlerai (first-person future indicative singular)
parleras (future indicative second-person singular)
parlera (future indicative singular third-person)
parlerons (first-person future indicative plural)
parlerez (future indicative plural second-person)
parleront (future indicative plural third-person)
parlerais (conditional first-person singular)
parlerais (conditional second-person singular)
parlerait (conditional singular third-person)
parlerions (conditional first-person plural)
parleriez (conditional plural second-person)
parleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
parle (first-person present singular subjunctive)
paʁl (first-person present singular subjunctive)
parles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
parle (present singular subjunctive third-person)
parlions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
parliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
parlent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
parlasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
parlasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
parlât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
parlassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
parlassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
parlassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
parle (imperative second-person singular)
parlons (first-person imperative plural)
parlez (imperative plural second-person)

Haitian Creole: pale

Inherited from Middle French parler, from Old French parler, from Early Medieval Latin parabolāre, from Latin parabola (“parable, comparison”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ).

parler de corde dans la maison d’un pendu

parler français comme une vache espagnole

quand on parle du loup, on en voit la queue

armes parlantes

(heraldry) to cant; (of a coat of arms) to make a pun of its bearer's name


Clara

From Italian Clara, Latin clāra. Latinate variant of Claire.

Pendant sa convalescence, elle s’occupa beaucoup à chercher un nom pour sa fille. D’abord, elle passa en revue tous ceux qui avaient des terminaisons italiennes, tels que Clara, Louisa, Amanda, Atala ; elle aimait assez Galsuinde, plus encore Yseult ou Léocadie.

1857, Gustave Flaubert, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling, Madame Bovary: Part II, Chapter III::

Whilst she was getting well she occupied herself much in seeking a name for her daughter. First she went over all those that have Italian endings, such as Clara, Louisa, Amanda, Atala; she liked Galsuinde pretty well, and Yseult or Leocadie still better.


hôtel

Haitian Creole: otel

→ Afrikaans: hotel

→ Albanian: hotel

→ Arabic: أُوتِيل (ʔotel)

Egyptian Arabic: أُوتِيل (ʔotel)

Moroccan Arabic: اوطيل (ʔuṭeyl)

→ Asturian: hotel

→ Azerbaijani: otel

→ Basque: hotel

→ Belarusian: гатэ́ль (hatélʹ)

→ Bulgarian: хоте́л (hotél)

→ Catalan: hotel

→ Central Melanau: util

→ Czech: hotel

→ Danish: hotel

→ Dutch: hotel

desctree

→ English: hotel, hôtel (archaic)
→ Amharic: ሆቴል (hotel)
→ Assamese: হোটেল (hütel)
→ Bengali: হোটেল (hōṭel)
→ Burmese: ဟိုတယ် (huitai)
→ Hindi: होटल (hoṭal)
→ Japanese: ホテル (hoteru)
→ Khmer: ហោតិល (haotəl)
→ Korean: 호텔 (hotel)
→ Malay: hotel
→ Maori: hōtēra
→ Nepali: होटल (hoṭal)
→ Oromo: hoteela
→ Persian: هوتَل (hôtal) (Dari)
→ Swahili: hoteli
→ Tamil: ஓட்டல் (ōṭṭal)
→ Thai: โฮเต็ล (hoo-dtel)
→ Tigrinya: ሆቴል (hotel)
→ Tok Pisin: hotel
→ Ukrainian: готе́ль (hotélʹ)
→ Urdu: ہوٹل (hoṭal)

→ Esperanto: hotelo

→ Estonian: hotell

→ Fijian: otela

→ Finnish: hotelli

→ Galician: hotel

→ German: Hotel

→ Gujarati: હોટેલ (hoṭel), હોટલ (hoṭal)

→ Hausa: hotel

→ Hungarian: hotel

→ Icelandic: hótel

→ Ido: hotelo

→ Indonesian: hotel

→ Italian: hotel
→ Cimbrian: hotèl

→ Kannada: ಹೋಟೆಲು (hōṭelu)

→ Kyrgyz: отель (otel)

→ Latvian: hotelis

→ Luxembourgish: Hotel

→ Macedonian: хоте́л (hotél)

→ Malagasy: hotely

desc

→ Malayalam: ഹോട്ടൽ (hōṭṭal), ഹൊട്ടേൽ (hoṭṭēl)

→ North Frisian: hotäl

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hotell

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hotell

→ Pashto: هوټل (hoṭál)

→ Persian:

Dari: هوتَل (hôtal)

Iranian Persian: هتِل (hotel)

Tajik: ҳотел (hotel)

→ Polish: hotel

→ Portuguese: hotel

→ Romanian: hotel

→ Russian: оте́ль (otélʹ)

→ Serbo-Croatian: hòtel

→ Sinhalese: හෝටලය (hōṭalaya)

→ Spanish: hotel

→ Swedish: hotell

→ Tagalog: hotel, otel

→ Tajik: ҳотел (hotel)

→ Telugu: హోటల్ (hōṭal)

→ Turkish: otel

→ Turkmen: otel

→ Urdu: ہوٹل (hoṭal)

→ Vietnamese: ô ten

un hôtel

Inherited from Middle French hostel from Old French ostel; inherited from Late Latin hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”), noun use of Latin hospitālis (“hospitable; relating to a host or guest”). Doublet of hôpital.

inh

Le palais épiscopal était un vaste et bel hôtel bâti en pierre au commencement du siècle dernier par monseigneur Henri Puget […].

1862, Victor Hugo, chapter 2, in Les Misérables, Tome I : Fantine, book 1:

The Bishops' Palace was a vast and beautiful building built of stone at the beginning of the last century by M. Henri Puget.


FA

fibrillation auriculaire
fibrillation auriculaire#French

fibrillation atriale
fibrillation atriale#French

(medicine) AF (“atrial fibrillation”): Initialism of fibrillation auriculaire or fibrillation atriale.


stupa

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa).


aveugle

fr-noun

aveugle m or f by sense (plural aveugles)

Inherited from Middle French aveugle from Old French avogle, from Late Latin ab oculīs (“without eyes”, literally “away from the eyes”), possibly a calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ ὀμμάτων (apò ommátōn) or more likely from Gaulish exops.
The current French form is either an exception to the normal sound shift from Latin '-cl-' or a semi-learned formation; cf. the dialectal and popular aveuil (older aveule, avule); see also œil.


abaisse-langue

fr-noun

abaisse-langue m (plural abaisse-langues)


banc

→ Breton: bank

→ English: banc

→ Romanian: bancă

→ Sango: bâan

→ Turkish: bank

From Old High German banc, from Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench”). Doublet of banque.

bank (mass of material, of cloud, fog, etc)


servitude

Borrowed from Late Latin servitūdō, from Latin servus.


endive

→ Iranian Persian: آنْدیوْ (ândiv)

Inherited from Middle French endive, endivie, andive, indivie, from Medieval Latin endivia or Italian indivia or endivia, suspected via Byzantine Greek ἐντύβιον (entúbion) from Latin intibus.

Une salade d’endive.

Cichorium intybus
Cichorium intybus#Translingual

(cooking) Belgian endive (edible chicory bud of Cichorium intybus)


cumin

From Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon), itself of Semitic origin.


cheminot

From chemin, part of chemin de fer (“railway”).


chemin de fer

desctree

سِكّةُ حَدِيدٍ

→ Arabic: سِكّةُ حَدِيدٍ (sikkatu ḥadīdin) (calque)
→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܣܸܟܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܦܪܸܙܠܵܐ (sikṯā d-prizlā) (calque)

desc

→ Armenian: շիմէնտիֆէր (šimēntifēr), շըմէնտուրա (šəmēntura)

→ Dutch: ijzerenweg (calque)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: شمندوفر (şümendüfer, şömendüfer, şimendüfer, şemendüfer), شمندفر (şümendefer, şömendefer, şimendefer, şemendefer, şümendifer, şömendifer, şimendifer, şemendifer), شمندیفر (şümendifer, şömendifer, şimendifer, şemendifer)
Turkish: şümendüfer, şömendüfer, şimendüfer, şemendüfer, şümendefer, şömendefer, şimendefer, şemendefer, şümendifer, şömendifer, şimendifer, şemendifer (dated)

→ Turkish: demir yolu (calque)

→ Persian: راهآهن (râh-âhan) (calque)

→ Swedish: järnväg (calque)

→ Vietnamese: đường sắt (calque)

Literally, “iron way.” Compare German Eisenbahn, Italian ferrovia.


poseur

fr-noun

poseur m (plural poseurs, feminine poseuse)

→ English: poseur

→ German: Poseur


folklore

→ Romanian: folclor n

→ Turkish: folklor


diligent

fr-adj

diligent (feminine diligente, masculine plural diligents, feminine plural diligentes)

diligente (feminine)
diligents (masculine plural)
diligentes (feminine plural)

diligent (performing with intense concentration)


forum

* Most meanings: Learned borrowing from Latin forum.
* Internet: Borrowed from English forum.


valet

→ Bulgarian: вале́ (valé)

→ Greek: βαλές (valés)

→ Portuguese: valete

desctree

→ Russian: вале́т (valét)
→ Ingrian: valetti

→ Turkish: vale

Inherited from Old French vaslet, from Medieval Latin *vassellittus, diminutive of Late Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).

der

(history) a male attendant of a knight or a lord

(history) officer belonging to the king's house or a princely house, also valet de chambre

a wooden stand on which to hold clothes and accessories in preparation for dressing, also valet de nuit

valet de menuisier
valet de menuisier#French

(especially in the form valet de menuisier) a holdfast (a hooked tool to hold a workpiece down to a workbench)


bateau

Haitian Creole: bato

→ Gun: bato

From Old French batel, Anglo-Norman bat, from Old English bāt (English boat) + suffix from Latin -ellus. It displaced the native word nef, which comes from Latin navis.

(nautical) a vessel of any size, a ship or boat


vin

→ Lao: ແວງ (wǣng)

→ Vietnamese: vang

⇒ du vin

→ Hausa: dùbbân

Louisiana Creole: diven

→ Malagasy: divay
→ Swahili: divai

Inherited from Middle French vin, from Old French vin, from Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


Vincent

Haitian Creole: Vensan

desc

→ Chinese: → 樊尚 (Fánshàng) (transliteration)

desctree

→ English: Vincent
→ Arabic: فينسنت (fīnsint)
→ Greek: Βίνσεντ (Vínsent)
→ Japanese: ビンセント (Binsento), ヴィンセント (Vinsento)

→ German: Vincent

→ Slovak: Vincent

→ Greek: Βενσάν (Vensán)

→ Japanese: ヴァンサン (Vansan)

→ Norman: Vîncent

→ Swedish: Vincent

→ Vietnamese: Vinhsơn, Vinh Sơn

Derived from Latin Vincentius, from vincēns.

a male given name, Vincent, from Latin, equivalent to English Vincent


faire cul sec

to finish one's drink in one go; to down; "Bottoms up!"


scrotal

fr-adj

scrotal (feminine scrotale, masculine plural scrotaux, feminine plural scrotales)

scrotale (feminine)
scrotaux (masculine plural)
scrotales (feminine plural)

Dans la cure des hypospadias péno-scrotaux, scrotaux et périnéaux, il convient donc de recourir à d’autres opérations.

1841, Bulletin de l'Académie royale de médecine de Belgique, page 870:


scrotum

Le scrotum est un sac de peau et de tissu fibromusculaire situé à la racine du pénis qui soutient les testicules et les maintient à une température stable.

The scrotum is a sack of skin and fibromuscular tissue at the base of the penis that supports the testicles and keeps them at a stable temperature.


gui

Inherited from Middle French guy, from Old French guy, from Latin viscum, influenced by Frankish *wīhsila.


gui

(nautical) spar (pole that supports a sail)


verge

→ Spanish: verja

Inherited from Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Old French verge, virge, from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of uncertain origin, but probably from a Proto-Indo-European *wisgeh₂ (“flexible rod or stick”). Doublet of vergue.


journal

Haitian Creole: jounal

Mauritian Creole: zournal

Borrowings

→ Afrikaans: joernaal

→ Belarusian: журнал (žurnal)

→ Bulgarian: журнал (žurnal)

→ Czech: žurnál

→ Dutch: journaal

→ Egyptian Arabic: جورنال (gōrnāl)

→ English: journal

→ Esperanto: ĵurnalo

Ido: jurnalo

→ Indonesian: jurnal

→ German: Journal

→ Estonian: žurnaal

→ Ladino: jurnal / ז׳ורנאל

→ Latvian: žurnāls

→ Lower Sorbian: žurnal

→ Maltese: ġurnal

→ Malay: jurnal

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ژورنال (jurnal)
Turkish: jurnal

→ Pashto: ژورنال (žurnãl)

→ Persian: ژورنال (žurnâl)

→ Polish: żurnal

→ Portuguese: jornal
→ Hunsrik: Schurnall

→ Romanian: jurnal

→ Russian: журна́л (žurnál) (see there for further descendants)

→ Slovak: žurnál

→ Swedish: journal

→ Ukrainian: журнал (žurnal)

→ West Frisian: sjoernaal

→ Yiddish: זשורנאַל (zhurnal)

Inherited from Old French journal (“daily”), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”), from diēs (“day”).


William

Borrowed from English William, though ultimately of Anglo-Norman origin. Doublet of Guillaume.


indulgence

fr-noun

indulgence f (countable and uncountable, plural indulgences)

Learned borrowing from Latin indulgentia.

lbor

(countable, Roman Catholicism) indulgence


synapse

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σύναψις (súnapsis, “conjunction”), from συνάπτω (sunáptō, “to clasp”).


cinquante

Louisiana Creole: sinkant

From Old French cinquante, from Latin cīnquāgintā.


soixante

Louisiana Creole: swasant

Inherited from Old French soissante, seixante, from Latin sexāgintā, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱsḱomt, from earlier *swéḱs-dḱomt (“six-ten”).


milliard

→ Albanian: miliard

→ Arabic: مليار (milyār)

Moroccan Arabic: مليار (malyār)

→ Armenian: միլիառ (miliaṙ)

→ Breton: miliard

→ Catalan: miliard

→ Crimean Tatar: milliard

→ Czech: miliarda

→ Danish: milliard

desctree

→ Dutch: miljard, milliard (obsolete)
Afrikaans: miljard
→ Indonesian: miliar
→ Malay: milyar

→ English: milliard

→ Finnish: miljardi

→ German: Milliarde
→ Estonian: miljard
→ Hungarian: milliárd

→ Hebrew: מיליארד (milyárd)

→ Italian: miliardo

→ Karelian: miljardi

→ Lithuanian: milijardas

→ Luxembourgish: Milliard

→ Macedonian: милијарда (milijarda)

→ Northern Kurdish: milyar

→ Norwegian: milliard

→ Occitan: miliard

→ Ottoman Turkish: میلیار

Turkish: milyar

→ Persian: میلیارد (milyârd)

→ Polish: miliard

→ Romanian: miliard

desc

→ Romansch: milliard, milliarda (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

desctree

→ Russian: миллиард (milliard), млрд (mlrd)
→ Armenian: միլիարդ (miliard)
→ Kazakh: миллиард (milliard)
→ Tatar: миллиард (milliard)

→ Serbo-Croatian: milijarda / милијарда

→ Ladino: milyarda / מילייארדה

→ Spanish: millardo

→ Swedish: miljard

→ Ukrainian: мільярд (milʹjard)

→ Uyghur: مىليارد (milyard)

→ Uzbek: milliard

→ Yiddish: מיליאַרד (milyard)

From million, by changing the suffix to -ard.


longitude

Borrowed from Latin longitūdō (“length, a measured length”), from longus (“long”).


mutatis mutandis

Borrowed from Late Latin mūtātīs mūtandīs (“with [the things] to be changed having been changed”). For more information, see the English entry.

with 􂀿the things􂁀 to be changed having been changed

mutatis mutandis
mutatis mutandis#English

(law) mutatis mutandis (having changed what needs to be changed)


chiffre arabe

fr-noun

chiffre arabe m (plural chiffres arabes)


aboiement

Charlotte Arrigoni, Loïc Farge, ""Fetch!", une application pour être incollable sur les chiens", RTL, February 18 2016.
Il est aussi possible de prendre une photographie accompagnée de l’aboiement d’un chien ou de chercher un modèle dans sa bibliothèque.

It is also possible to take a picture together with the bark of a dog or to search for an example in its library.


astrolabe

From Ancient Greek ἀστρολάβος (astrolábos, “star-taking”), from ἄστρον (ástron, “star”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take”).


morphine

From Ancient Greek Μορφεύς (Morpheús) + -ine.


wagon

→ Belarusian: ваго́н (vahón)

→ Bulgarian: ваго́н (vagón)

→ Czech: vagón

→ Italian: vagone

→ Khmer: វ៉ាហ្គុង (vaagung)

→ Lao: ວາກົງ (wā kong)

→ Persian: واگن (vâgon)

→ Portuguese: vagão

→ Romanian: vagon

desctree

→ Russian: ваго́н (vagón), ваго́нъ (vagón) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: վագոն (vagon)
→ Azerbaijani: vaqon
→ Bashkir: вагон (vagon)
→ Georgian: ვაგონი (vagoni)
→ Kazakh: вагон (vagon)
→ Kyrgyz: вагон (vagon), багөн (bagön)
→ Latvian: vagons
→ Lithuanian: vagonas
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: вагон (vagon)
Mongolian script: ᠸᠠᠭᠣᠨ (waɣon)
→ Southern Altai: вагон (vagon), багон (bagon)
→ Tajik: вагон (vagon)
→ Tatar: вагон (wağon)
→ Turkmen: wagon
→ Uzbek: vagon
→ Uyghur: ۋاگۇن (wagun)
→ Yakut: вагон (vagon)
→ Yiddish: וואַגאָן (vagon)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̀го̄н

Latin script: vàgōn

→ Slovak: vagón

→ Slovene: vagon

→ Spanish: vagón
→ Basque: bagoi
→ Bikol Central: bagon
→ Catalan: vagó
→ Cebuano: bagon
→ Ilocano: bagon
→ Kapampangan: bagun
→ Maranao: bagon
→ Tagalog: bagon

→ Turkish: vagon

→ Ukrainian: ваго́н (vahón)

Borrowed from English wagon, from Middle Dutch wagen.


association

→ Romanian: asociație


viande

Inherited from Old French viande, from Vulgar Latin *vīvanda, alteration of Latin vīvenda, from the neuter plural form of vīvendus, from vīvere (“to live”). Compare English viand, Italian vivanda, Portuguese vivenda, Spanish vivienda.

Car notez que c’est viande celeste manger à desjeuner raisins avec fouace fraiche.

For here it is to be remarked, that it is a celestial food to eat for breakfast hot fresh cakes with grapes.

(sexuality) an object of sexual desire; a piece of meat


nez

Inherited from Middle French nez, from Old French nés, from Latin nāsus, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s. Compare Italian naso.

ne pas regarder plus loin que le bout de son nez

ne pas voir plus loin que le bout de son nez

se voir comme le nez au milieu de la figure

se voir comme le nez au milieu du visage


trauma

From the Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûmă, “wound”).

(medicine) trauma (a localised injury produced by an external action)

trauma psychique
trauma psychique#French

(psychology and psychoanalysis, elliptical use for trauma psychique) psychic trauma


polka

→ Ottoman Turkish: پولقه (polka)

Turkish: polka


kielbasa

Borrowed from Polish kiełbasa (“sausage”).


Sophie

a female given name, equivalent to English Sophia


Barbara

From Latin Barbara (name of a legendary saint), feminine form of barbarus, from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “strange, foreign”).

der

a female given name, equivalent to English Barbara


catharsis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κάθαρσις (kátharsis).


macron

From Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón), neuter form of μακρός (makrós, “long”).


karma

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma


yoga

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yóga, “yoking, union”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwg-o-s, from *yewg- (“to join”).


sarong

→ Romanian: sarong

Borrowed from Dutch saroeng, from Malay sarung.


paddy

Borrowed from English paddy, from Malay padi.


sanguinaire

fr-noun

sanguinaire m or f by sense (plural sanguinaires)

Learned borrowing from Latin sanguinārius, from sanguis (whence French sang).


éphémère

Romanian: efemer

Inherited from Old French effimere, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐφήμερος (ephḗmeros).

J’ai dans le cœur de la mélancolie,
mélancolie d’un chant familier,
familier comme la voix de ma mère,
ma mère berçant son enfant effrayé,
effrayé par les choses éphémères,
éphémères comme les instants de vie.

2020, Monik Hascoët Medjédoub, À l'ombre d'un cerisier en fleurs : Recueil de poèmes:

I have in my heart a melancholy,
melancholy of a song that's familiar,
familiar like the voice of my mother,
my mother rocking her child who's frightened,
frightened by things which are ephemeral,
ephemeral like the moments of life.

ephemeral (lasting for only a short time; transitory)

(biology) existing for only one day; ephemeral


hebdomadaire

From Latin hebdomadārius, from Latin hebdomas (English hebdomad), from Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás, “seven, group of seven”).

uder

M. Willis est aujourd’hui le directeur de la Feuille du foyer (Home Journal), journal hebdomadaire qui se publie à New-York et qui est consacré presque exclusivement à la littérature.

1857, Phillippe Athanase Cucheval-Clarigny, Histoire de la presse en Angleterre et aux États-Unis, page 472:

Mr Willis is today the director of the Home Journal, a weekly newspaper which is published in New York and which is dedicated almost exclusively to literature.


obligataire

fr-noun

obligataire m or f by sense (plural obligataires)


slalom

→ Romanian: slalom

→ Turkish: slalom

(sports) slalom (event in skiing, kayaking or other sports)


mannequin

→ Catalan: maniquí

→ Czech: manekýn

→ Danish: mannequin

→ Dutch: mannequin

→ English: mannequin

→ Japanese: マネキン (manekin)

→ Korean: 마네킹 (maneking)

→ Georgian: მანეკენი (maneḳeni)

→ German: Mannequin

→ Greek: μανεκέν (manekén)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: mannekeng

Norwegian Nynorsk: mannekeng

→ Hungarian: manöken

→ Japanese: マヌカン (manukan)

→ Polish: manekin

→ Portuguese: manequim

→ Romanian: manechin

→ Russian: манекен (maneken)

→ Swedish: mannekäng

→ Spanish: maniquí

→ Turkish: manken

→ Persian: مانکن (mânkan)

→ Vietnamese: ma-nơ-canh

Borrowed from Middle Dutch manneken, mannkijn.

Elle était conviée à défiler pour le collectif de jeunes créateurs italiens FTL Moda, qui a régulièrement fait parler de lui ces dernières saisons, plus pour ses choix de mannequins que pour ses vêtements.

2016 September 9, “Un mannequin défiguré à l’acide défile à la Fashion Week de New York”, in Le Monde:

She was invited to model for the Italian young designers' collective FTL Moda, that had regularly made itself the talk of the town during previous seasons, more for its choice of models than for its clothes.


virulent

fr-adj

virulent (feminine virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)

virulente (feminine)
virulents (masculine plural)
virulentes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English.


session

Inherited from Old French session, borrowed from Latin sessiōnem.


sur

sur (feminine sure, masculine plural surs, feminine plural sures)

sure (feminine)
surs (masculine plural)
sures (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur (“sour, bitter”), from Frankish *sūr (“acidic, sour”), from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”). More at English sour.


niquer

From faire la nique, nique + -er (verb suffix).

(obsolete, dice games) to obtain what was announced on the first throw


niquer

niquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
niquant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
niqué (participle past)
nique (first-person indicative present singular)
niques (indicative present second-person singular)
nique (indicative present singular third-person)
niquons (first-person indicative plural present)
niquez (indicative plural present second-person)
niquent (indicative plural present third-person)
niquais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
niquais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
niquait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
niquions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
niquiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
niquaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
niquai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
niquas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
niqua (historic indicative past singular third-person)
niquâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
niquâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
niquèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
niquerai (first-person future indicative singular)
niqueras (future indicative second-person singular)
niquera (future indicative singular third-person)
niquerons (first-person future indicative plural)
niquerez (future indicative plural second-person)
niqueront (future indicative plural third-person)
niquerais (conditional first-person singular)
niquerais (conditional second-person singular)
niquerait (conditional singular third-person)
niquerions (conditional first-person plural)
niqueriez (conditional plural second-person)
niqueraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
nique (first-person present singular subjunctive)
niques (present second-person singular subjunctive)
nique (present singular subjunctive third-person)
niquions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
niquiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
niquent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
niquasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
niquasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
niquât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
niquassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
niquassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
niquassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nique (imperative second-person singular)
niquons (first-person imperative plural)
niquez (imperative plural second-person)

Borrowed from Algerian Arabic نيك (nīk), imperfect stem of ناك (nāk), from Arabic ناكَ (nāka). This is the accepted etymology; a theoretically possible derivation from unrelated Dutch neuken is unlikely both on phonetic grounds and because the vulgar use of this word was originally restricted to the more northern dialects of Dutch.

Il a niqué mon smartphone.


pont

Haitian Creole: pon

→ Vietnamese: boong

Inherited from Old French pont, from Latin pontem.


commando

→ Turkish: komando


plumage

(ornithology, collective noun) plumage (a bird's feathers, collectively speaking)


gentil

gentil (feminine gentille, masculine plural gentils, feminine plural gentilles)

gentille (feminine)
gentils (masculine plural)
gentilles (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French gentil, borrowed from Latin gentīlis, from gēns (“Roman clan”).

Elle reçut une petite tape gentille sur les fesses.

She received an amiable little slap on the buttocks.

attractive, pretty; also derogative, in the sense of superficial, esp. in the arts


Aldebaran

Tour à tour bleue et rose comme l’astre trompeur d’Aldebaran, c’était Adrienne ou Sylvie, – c’étaient les deux moitiés d’un seul amour.

1854, Gérard de Nerval, “Sylvie”, in Les Filles du feu:

Blue and pink by turns like the deceptive star of Aldebaran, it was Adrienne and Sylvie – they were the two halves of a single love.


torturer

torturer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
torturant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
torturé (participle past)
torture (first-person indicative present singular)
tortures (indicative present second-person singular)
torture (indicative present singular third-person)
torturons (first-person indicative plural present)
torturez (indicative plural present second-person)
torturent (indicative plural present third-person)
torturais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
torturais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
torturait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
torturions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
torturiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
torturaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
torturai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
torturas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
tortura (historic indicative past singular third-person)
torturâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
torturâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
torturèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
torturerai (first-person future indicative singular)
tortureras (future indicative second-person singular)
torturera (future indicative singular third-person)
torturerons (first-person future indicative plural)
torturerez (future indicative plural second-person)
tortureront (future indicative plural third-person)
torturerais (conditional first-person singular)
torturerais (conditional second-person singular)
torturerait (conditional singular third-person)
torturerions (conditional first-person plural)
tortureriez (conditional plural second-person)
tortureraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
torture (first-person present singular subjunctive)
tortures (present second-person singular subjunctive)
torture (present singular subjunctive third-person)
torturions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
torturiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
torturent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
torturasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
torturasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
torturât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
torturassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
torturassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
torturassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
torture (imperative second-person singular)
torturons (first-person imperative plural)
torturez (imperative plural second-person)


lactose

fr-noun

lactose m (usually uncountable, plural lactoses)

Coined by French chemist Marcelin Berthelot, from Latin lac (“milk”) + -ose (“sugar”) (derivation of sucrose). See also lait.


divan

→ English: divan

→ German: Diwan

→ Portuguese: divã

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دیوان (dîvân), from Persian دیوان (divân).


osso buco

1954: from Italian ossobuco (a compound of osso (“bone”) + buco (“hole”, or as an adjective, “hollow”)).


caftan

kaftan (long tunic worn in the Eastern Mediterranean)


organelle

→ Turkish: organel


toc

(automotive) engine knocking (toc moteur), especially when reduplicated as toc-toc


suture

Learned borrowing from Latin sūtūra (“suture”). Compare couture.


Louis

→ Armenian: Լուի (Lui)

→ Chinese: 路易 (Lùyì)

→ Dutch: Louis

→ German: Louis, Luis

→ Georgian: ლუი (lui)

→ Hebrew: לוּאִי (lúi)

→ Japanese: ルイ (Rui)

→ Russian: Луи́ (Luí)

→ Ukrainian: Луї (Luji)

→ Vietnamese: Luy

Inherited from Middle French Loïs, Loïc, from Old French Looïs, Luis, Lodevis, Lodhwig, from Latin Ludovicus < Clodovicus, from Frankish *Hlūdawīg, from Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz (“loud, famous”) + *wīgą (“battle”).
Doublet of Ludovic, a borrowing, as well as Clovis. Romance cognates include Italian Luigi, Spanish Luis (taken from Old French). Compare also the Germanic cognates, Dutch Lodewijk, German Ludwig.


smurf

1983: after the English name of The Smurfs, via Dutch smurf from French schtroumpf. See above.


louche

A dialectal (Norman-Picard) form of Old French louce, loce, from Old Frankish *lōtija, from Proto-Germanic *hlōþþijō. Cognate with Dutch loet (“a tool to scrape or shovel”). More at loot.


covalent

fr-adj

covalent (feminine covalente, masculine plural covalents, feminine plural covalentes)

covalente (feminine)
covalents (masculine plural)
covalentes (feminine plural)


saccharide

(chemistry) Alternative form of saccaride


reine

Rennes (may be short in length-distinguishing accents)

Inherited from Old French reïne, reyne, royne, from Latin rēgīna.

Je ferai un domaine où l’amour sera roi, où l’amour sera loi, où tu seras reine

I will create a realm where love will be king, where love will be law, where you will be queen

queen (a reproductive female animal in a hive)


missile

Inherited from Middle French, from Latin missilis (“that may be thrown”) (as in English).


mufti

Borrowed from Arabic مُفْتٍ (muftin), the active participle of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).

Le Mufti commande aux Turcs de baſtonner le Bourgeois, […]

1680, Molière, “Acte IV, Scene V”, in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme [The Middle-Class Aristocrat], page 89:

The mufti orders the Turks to batter the bourgeois, […]


gamahucher

gamahucher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gamahuchant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
gamahuché (participle past)
gamahuche (first-person indicative present singular)
gamahuches (indicative present second-person singular)
gamahuche (indicative present singular third-person)
gamahuchons (first-person indicative plural present)
gamahuchez (indicative plural present second-person)
gamahuchent (indicative plural present third-person)
gamahuchais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
gamahuchais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
gamahuchait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
gamahuchions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
gamahuchiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
gamahuchaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
gamahuchai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
gamahuchas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
gamahucha (historic indicative past singular third-person)
gamahuchâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
gamahuchâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
gamahuchèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
gamahucherai (first-person future indicative singular)
gamahucheras (future indicative second-person singular)
gamahuchera (future indicative singular third-person)
gamahucherons (first-person future indicative plural)
gamahucherez (future indicative plural second-person)
gamahucheront (future indicative plural third-person)
gamahucherais (conditional first-person singular)
gamahucherais (conditional second-person singular)
gamahucherait (conditional singular third-person)
gamahucherions (conditional first-person plural)
gamahucheriez (conditional plural second-person)
gamahucheraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
gamahuche (first-person present singular subjunctive)
gamahuches (present second-person singular subjunctive)
gamahuche (present singular subjunctive third-person)
gamahuchions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
gamahuchiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
gamahuchent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
gamahuchasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
gamahuchasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
gamahuchât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
gamahuchassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
gamahuchassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
gamahuchassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
gamahuche (imperative second-person singular)
gamahuchons (first-person imperative plural)
gamahuchez (imperative plural second-person)

Possibly “going below the base” from Medieval Latin gamma ut, the note below the tonic in Guido D'Arezzo's six-note scale.

Se placer de façon que la tête de l’homme soit entre les cuisses de la femme, à la hauteur de son con, qu’il gamahuche, et que la tête de la femme soit entre les cuisses de l’homme, à la hauteur de sa pine, qu’elle suce.

1864, Alfred Delvau, “Tête-bêche”, in Dictionnaire érotique moderne:

To put oneself so that the man's head is betweeen the woman's thighs, up to her cunt, which he goes down on, and that the woman's head is between the man's thighs, up to his cock, which she sucks on.

(vulgar, dated) to perform oral sex on (man or woman); to go down on


A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called accent grave (“grave accent”) in French, and found on À/à, È/è and Ù/ù.


console

desc

→ Armenian: քոնսոլ (kʻonsol), քոնցոլ (kʻoncʻol) — Constantinople

→ Catalan: consola

→ English: console

→ German: Konsole

→ Greek: κονσόλα (konsóla)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قونسول (konsol)

→ Turkish: konsol

→ Polish: konsola

Probably a shortened from consolateur, denoting the same architectural element, ultimately from consoler (“to console, to comfort”).

‘Puis, à mesure que la charpente métallique montait, […] les consoles et les corbeaux se chargeaient de sculptures.’

(architecture) a projection or spur on a wall, generally in the form of an "S", supporting a cornice, balcony etc.

(carpentry) projecting piece of timber in the form of a cantilever arm

(music) upper part of the harp holding the chords, or the controlling interface of a pipe organ

(by ellipsis) video game console, electronic gadget serving in order to play video games

(electronics) physical interface allowing the control of an electronic system


Judith

From Hebrew יְהוּדִית (Y'hudít, “woman from Judea, Jewess”).


grange

Inherited from Middle French grange, from Old French grange, from Vulgar Latin *grānica, from Latin grānum (“grain”).


origine

→ Romanian: origine

Borrowed from Latin orīginem (“beginning, source, birth, origin”). Replaced the older popular form orine, inherited from the same source.


piscine

From Latin piscīna (“fishpond; swimming pool”), from piscis (“fish”), from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.


brutal

fr-noun

brutal m (plural brutaux, feminine brutale)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin brūtālis (“savage, stupid”), from brūtus (“dull, stupid”). See brut and -al.


ballast

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بالاست (balast)
Turkish: balast

→ Romanian: balast n

(nautical) heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship (or in the gondola of a balloon), to provide stability


impeachment

Borrowed from English impeachment, originally to refer to the United States. Doublet of empêchement.

(law) impeachment (act of impeaching or charging a public official with misconduct, in the United States and other countries)


pastel

→ English: pastel

→ Danish: pastel

→ Dutch: pastel

→ Indonesian: pastel

→ Romanian: pastel

From Italian pastello (“pastel”), from Medieval Latin pastellum (“dough, paste”), from Latin pasta (“dough, paste”), ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē, “dough, paste”). Doublet of pastille.


fusion

→ Turkish: füzyon

Inherited from Middle French fusion, from Old French fusion, a borrowing from Latin fūsiōnem. Doublet of foison.

(physics, chemistry) fusion (act of melting or liquefying something by heating it)


prix

→ Rade: pri

Inherited from Old French pris, from Latin pretium (“price, reward”), from Proto-Indo-European *preti- (“back”). Compare précieux.

Gagnez un des trois prix en argent de 5000$ avec le concours Acmeconc.

Win one of three cash prizes worth $5,000 in the Acmeconc competition.