qualifier

qualifier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
qualifiant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
qualifié (participle past)
qualifie (first-person indicative present singular)
qualifies (indicative present second-person singular)
qualifie (indicative present singular third-person)
qualifions (first-person indicative plural present)
qualifiez (indicative plural present second-person)
qualifient (indicative plural present third-person)
qualifiais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
qualifiais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
qualifiait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
qualifiions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
qualifiiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
qualifiaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
qualifiai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
qualifias (historic indicative past second-person singular)
qualifia (historic indicative past singular third-person)
qualifiâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
qualifiâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
qualifièrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
qualifierai (first-person future indicative singular)
qualifieras (future indicative second-person singular)
qualifiera (future indicative singular third-person)
qualifierons (first-person future indicative plural)
qualifierez (future indicative plural second-person)
qualifieront (future indicative plural third-person)
qualifierais (conditional first-person singular)
qualifierais (conditional second-person singular)
qualifierait (conditional singular third-person)
qualifierions (conditional first-person plural)
qualifieriez (conditional plural second-person)
qualifieraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
qualifie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
qualifies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
qualifie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
qualifiions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
qualifiiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
qualifient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
qualifiasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
qualifiasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
qualifiât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
qualifiassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
qualifiassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
qualifiassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
qualifie (imperative second-person singular)
qualifions (first-person imperative plural)
qualifiez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Dutch: kwalificeren

→ English: qualify

→ German: qualifizieren

Notre équipe s’est qualifiée pour les quarts de finale.

Our team qualified for the quarter-finals.

(intransitive or reflexive, sports) to qualify (of a sports team, etc.) (to compete successfully in some stage of a competition and become eligible for the next stage)


flirter

flirter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
flirtant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
flirté (participle past)
flirte (first-person indicative present singular)
flirtes (indicative present second-person singular)
flirte (indicative present singular third-person)
flirtons (first-person indicative plural present)
flirtez (indicative plural present second-person)
flirtent (indicative plural present third-person)
flirtais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
flirtais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
flirtait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
flirtions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
flirtiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
flirtaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
flirtai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
flirtas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
flirta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
flirtâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
flirtâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
flirtèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
flirterai (first-person future indicative singular)
flirteras (future indicative second-person singular)
flirtera (future indicative singular third-person)
flirterons (first-person future indicative plural)
flirterez (future indicative plural second-person)
flirteront (future indicative plural third-person)
flirterais (conditional first-person singular)
flirterais (conditional second-person singular)
flirterait (conditional singular third-person)
flirterions (conditional first-person plural)
flirteriez (conditional plural second-person)
flirteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
flirte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
flirtes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
flirte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
flirtions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
flirtiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
flirtent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
flirtasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
flirtasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
flirtât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
flirtassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
flirtassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
flirtassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
flirte (imperative second-person singular)
flirtons (first-person imperative plural)
flirtez (imperative plural second-person)

Borrowed from English flirt. Forms with -eu- may have arisen by influence of fleur (“flower”).


agir

agir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
agissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
agi (participle past)
agis (first-person indicative present singular)
agis (indicative present second-person singular)
agit (indicative present singular third-person)
agissons (first-person indicative plural present)
agissez (indicative plural present second-person)
agissent (indicative plural present third-person)
agissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
agissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
agissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
agissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
agissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
agissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
agis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
agis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
agit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
agîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
agîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
agirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
agirai (first-person future indicative singular)
agiras (future indicative second-person singular)
agira (future indicative singular third-person)
agirons (first-person future indicative plural)
agirez (future indicative plural second-person)
agiront (future indicative plural third-person)
agirais (conditional first-person singular)
agirais (conditional second-person singular)
agirait (conditional singular third-person)
agirions (conditional first-person plural)
agiriez (conditional plural second-person)
agiraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
agisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
agisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
agisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
agissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
agissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
agissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
agisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
agisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
agît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
agissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
agissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
agissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
agis (imperative second-person singular)
agissons (first-person imperative plural)
agissez (imperative plural second-person)
s'agir (infinitive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
s’agissant (gerund participle present)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
agi (participle past)
s’agit (indicative present singular third-person)
s’agissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
s’agit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
s’agira (future indicative singular third-person)
s’agirait (conditional singular third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
s’agisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
s’agît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
s'en agir (infinitive)
s'en être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
s’en agissant (gerund participle present)
s'en étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
agi (participle past)
s’en agit (indicative present singular third-person)
s’en agissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
s’en agit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
s’en agira (future indicative singular third-person)
s’en agirait (conditional singular third-person)
future of s'en être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
s’en agisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
s’en agît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)

→ Catalan: agir

→ Franco-Provençal: ag·ir

→ Friulian: azî

→ Esperanto: agi

→ Italian: agire

→ Portuguese: agir

→ Romansch: agir

→ Sicilian: aggiri

→ Spanish: agir

→ Venetan: agir

Borrowed from Latin agere. Attested from the fifteenth century.

Il a été obligé d’agir contre son tuteur.

(law, followed by contre) prosecute, sue


épouse

fr-noun

épouse f (plural épouses, masculine époux)

Louisiana Creole: épouz

Inherited from Old French espose, from Latin spōnsa.


sourire

Inherited from Middle French soubrire (silent b), from Old French sorrirre, from Vulgar Latin *subrīdĕre, from Latin subrīdēre.


sourire

sourire (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
souriant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
souri (participle past)
souris (first-person indicative present singular)
souris (indicative present second-person singular)
sourit (indicative present singular third-person)
sourions (first-person indicative plural present)
souriez (indicative plural present second-person)
sourient (indicative plural present third-person)
souriais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
souriais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
souriait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
souriions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
souriiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
souriaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
souris (first-person historic indicative past singular)
souris (historic indicative past second-person singular)
sourit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
sourîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
sourîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
sourirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
sourirai (first-person future indicative singular)
souriras (future indicative second-person singular)
sourira (future indicative singular third-person)
sourirons (first-person future indicative plural)
sourirez (future indicative plural second-person)
souriront (future indicative plural third-person)
sourirais (conditional first-person singular)
sourirais (conditional second-person singular)
sourirait (conditional singular third-person)
souririons (conditional first-person plural)
souririez (conditional plural second-person)
souriraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
sourie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
souries (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sourie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
souriions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
souriiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sourient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sourisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
sourisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sourît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
sourissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
sourissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
sourissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
souris (imperative second-person singular)
sourions (first-person imperative plural)
souriez (imperative plural second-person)

le beurre, l’argent du beurre et le sourire de la crémière


droite

Feminine form of droit. Compare Catalan dreta, Italian dritta, Portuguese direita, Spanish derecha, Romanian dreapta.

(politics, uncountable) the right, right wing


croyance

Inherited from Old French croiance, one of the variants of creance, from Late Latin crēdentia, from Latin crēdēns. Possibly a doublet of créance.


Grand Prix

desc

اَلْجَائِزَة اَلْكُبْرَى

غْرَان بْرِي

Arabic: → اَلْجَائِزَة اَلْكُبْرَى (al-jāʔiza l-kubrā) (calque), غْرَان بْرِي (ḡrān brī) (transliteration)

Chinese: → 大獎賽 /大奖赛 (dàjiǎngsài) (calque), 格蘭披治 /格兰披治 (gélánpīzhì) (transliteration)

→ Dutch: Grote Prijs (calque)

→ English: Grand Prix

German: → Großer Preis (calque), → Grand Prix

→ Hungarian: nagydíj (calque)

→ Italian: Gran Premio (calque)

Japanese: → 大賞 (calque), グランプリ (transliteration)

→ Korean: → 그랑프리 (Geurangpeuri) (transliteration)

→ Polish: grand prix

Portuguese: → Grande Prémio (calque), → Grand Prix

→ Russian: → Гран-при́ (Gran-prí) (transliteration)

→ Spanish: Gran Premio (calque)

→ Turkish: Grand Prix

From Grand Prix de Paris ("Grand Prize of Paris"), an international horserace at Longchamps.

Grand Prix (literal translation Grand Prize)


Karina

Borrowed from English Karina, a variant of French Karine.

a female given name from English or Ancient Greek


noter

noter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
notant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
noté (participle past)
note (first-person indicative present singular)
notes (indicative present second-person singular)
note (indicative present singular third-person)
notons (first-person indicative plural present)
notez (indicative plural present second-person)
notent (indicative plural present third-person)
notais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
notais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
notait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
notions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
notiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
notaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
notai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
notas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
nota (historic indicative past singular third-person)
notâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
notâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
notèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
noterai (first-person future indicative singular)
noteras (future indicative second-person singular)
notera (future indicative singular third-person)
noterons (first-person future indicative plural)
noterez (future indicative plural second-person)
noteront (future indicative plural third-person)
noterais (conditional first-person singular)
noterais (conditional second-person singular)
noterait (conditional singular third-person)
noterions (conditional first-person plural)
noteriez (conditional plural second-person)
noteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
note (first-person present singular subjunctive)
notes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
note (present singular subjunctive third-person)
notions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
notiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
notent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
notasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
notasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
notât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
notassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
notassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
notassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
note (imperative second-person singular)
notons (first-person imperative plural)
notez (imperative plural second-person)


géant

fr-noun

géant m (plural géants, feminine géante)

Inherited from Old French gaiant, jaiant, jaianz, from Vulgar Latin *gagantem, through assimilation from Latin gigantem, from Ancient Greek γίγας (gígas, “giant”).


constante

Coordinate term: variable

(algebra) constant (quantity that remains at a fixed value throughout a given discussion)


maillot

→ Catalan: mallot

→ Dutch: maillot

→ English: maillot

→ Greek: μαγιό (magió)

Haitian Creole: mayo

→ Hijazi Arabic: مايوه (māyō)

→ Portuguese: maiô

→ Romanian: maiou, maieu

→ Spanish: maillot

→ Turkish: mayo

→ Vietnamese: áo may ô, may ô

Se faire épiler le maillot.


fleuron

Inherited from Old French floron, fleur + -on, architectural sense probably influenced by Italian fiorone.

(cooking) a puff pastry croissant that accompanies certain dishes in sauce


ris

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French ris (“reef”) for earlier *rifs (nom. sg. and acc. pl.), probably borrowed from Old Norse rif (“reef”). See English reef for more.


présent

fr-adj

présent (feminine présente, masculine plural présents, feminine plural présentes)

présente (feminine)
présents (masculine plural)
présentes (feminine plural)


présent

(dated outside Louisiana and Acadia) gift; present


surcharge

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming


Justine

From Latin Iustina, name of early saints, feminine of Iustinus, derivative of Iustus, from iustus (“just”). The feminine equivalent of Justin.


souper

→ German: Souper

From Middle French soupper, from Old French soper, derived from supe, sope (“soup”) (modern French soupe).

(France, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, New Caledonia, Réunion, West Africa) a light meal eaten at night, after the main evening meal

Cambodia; Laos; Algeria; Tunisia; Cambodia; Laos; Algeria; Tunisia


vagin

→ Persian: واژن (vâžan)

→ Romanian: vagin

Borrowed from Latin vāgīna. Compare the inherited doublet gaine. Compare also gouine, which may be borrowed from Breton gouin, itself ultimately borrowed from the Latin. .


décider

décider (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
décidant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
décidé (participle past)
décide (first-person indicative present singular)
décides (indicative present second-person singular)
décide (indicative present singular third-person)
décidons (first-person indicative plural present)
décidez (indicative plural present second-person)
décident (indicative plural present third-person)
décidais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
décidais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
décidait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
décidions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
décidiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
décidaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
décidai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
décidas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
décida (historic indicative past singular third-person)
décidâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
décidâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
décidèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
déciderai (first-person future indicative singular)
décideras (future indicative second-person singular)
décidera (future indicative singular third-person)
déciderons (first-person future indicative plural)
déciderez (future indicative plural second-person)
décideront (future indicative plural third-person)
déciderais (conditional first-person singular)
déciderais (conditional second-person singular)
déciderait (conditional singular third-person)
déciderions (conditional first-person plural)
décideriez (conditional plural second-person)
décideraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
décide (first-person present singular subjunctive)
décides (present second-person singular subjunctive)
décide (present singular subjunctive third-person)
décidions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
décidiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
décident (plural present subjunctive third-person)
décidasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
décidasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
décidât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
décidassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
décidassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
décidassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
décide (imperative second-person singular)
décidons (first-person imperative plural)
décidez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: decide

Inherited from Middle French décider, borrowed from Latin decidere.

J’ai décidé d’aller à Paris pour l’été.

I decided to go to Paris for the summer.


trompette

→ Portuguese: trompete, trompeta

Debout devant la fenêtre, nous jouons de la trompette.
Debout devant la fenêtre, nous jouons de la trompette.
Sa trompette fait taratata.
Ta trompette fait taratata.
Ma trompette, ma trompette, ma trompette fait taratata.
Sa trompette fait taratata.
Ta trompette fait taratata.
Ma trompette, ma trompette, ma trompette fait taratata.

1986, “Il était une fois … une maison des musiciens [There Once Was… a House of Musicians]”, in Il était une fois … une petite grenouille [There Once Was… a Little Frog] (fiction), Paris: CLE International:

Standing in front of the window, we play the trumpet.
Standing in front of the window, we play the trumpet.
Their trumpet goes taratata.
Your trumpet goes taratata.
My trumpet, my trumpet, my trumpet goes taratata.
Their trumpet goes taratata.
Your trumpet goes taratata.
My trumpet, my trumpet, my trumpet goes taratata.


serge

→ English: serge

Inherited from Middle French sarge, from Old French sarge, from Vulgar Latin *sarica, from Latin sērica, ultimately from the Ancient Greek σηρῐκός (sērĭkós, “silken”).


Serge

→ Armenian: Սերժ (Serž)

desc

→ Chinese: → 塞爾日 /塞尔日 (Sài'ěrrì) (transliteration)


ocre

From Late Latin ochra, from Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “yellow”) (modern Greek ωχρός (ochrós)).


panthéisme

fr-noun

panthéisme m (usually uncountable, plural panthéismes)


pluripotent

fr-adj

pluripotent (feminine pluripotente, masculine plural pluripotents, feminine plural pluripotentes)

pluripotente (feminine)
pluripotents (masculine plural)
pluripotentes (feminine plural)


Anasazi

fr-noun

Anasazi m or f by sense (plural Anasazis)


ricaner

ricaner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ricanant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
ricané (participle past)
ricane (first-person indicative present singular)
ricanes (indicative present second-person singular)
ricane (indicative present singular third-person)
ricanons (first-person indicative plural present)
ricanez (indicative plural present second-person)
ricanent (indicative plural present third-person)
ricanais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ricanais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ricanait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ricanions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ricaniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ricanaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ricanai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
ricanas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
ricana (historic indicative past singular third-person)
ricanâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
ricanâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
ricanèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
ricanerai (first-person future indicative singular)
ricaneras (future indicative second-person singular)
ricanera (future indicative singular third-person)
ricanerons (first-person future indicative plural)
ricanerez (future indicative plural second-person)
ricaneront (future indicative plural third-person)
ricanerais (conditional first-person singular)
ricanerais (conditional second-person singular)
ricanerait (conditional singular third-person)
ricanerions (conditional first-person plural)
ricaneriez (conditional plural second-person)
ricaneraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
ricane (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ricanes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ricane (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ricanions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ricaniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ricanent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ricanasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
ricanasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ricanât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ricanassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
ricanassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ricanassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ricane (imperative second-person singular)
ricanons (first-person imperative plural)
ricanez (imperative plural second-person)


échappé

échappé m (plural échappés, feminine échappée)


autrefois

(literary) previously; formerly (at a past time), erstwhile


matrice

desctree

→ German: Matrize
→ Polish: matryca
→ Russian: ма́трица (mátrica)
→ Kazakh: матрица (matrisa)
→ Ukrainian: ма́триця (mátrycja)

Inherited from Old French matrice, borrowed from Latin mātrīcem. Supplanted the older inherited forms marriz, marris.

(mathematics) matrix (rectangular arrangement of numbers or terms having various uses such as transforming coordinates in geometry, solving systems of linear equations in linear algebra and representing graphs in graph theory)


craie

From Latin creta (“chalk, clay”), from crētus.


prénom

Learned borrowing from Latin praenōmen. By surface analysis, pré- + nom.

Mon prénom est Joséphine.
My first name is Joséphine.

Parfaitement ! Je ne connais qu’un seul prénom qui arrive à la cheville de Léopoldine : c’est Adèle.

1992, Amélie Nothomb, Hygiène de l’assassin [Hygiene and the Assassin] (fiction):

Absolutely! I know only one first name that reaches the cheville of Léopoldine: it’s Adèle.


bouchon

Antillean Creole: bouchon

→ Bulgarian: бушон (bušon)

→ Portuguese: bujão

Inherited from Middle French bouchon (“bundle of hemp or foliage, oakum”), from bousche (“handful of straw, bundle of twigs”), from Vulgar Latin bosca (“brush, bundle of branches”), from Frankish *bosc (“bush”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“bush”). More at bush.


tire-bouchon

→ Bulgarian: тирбушо́н (tirbušón)

→ Catalan: tirabuixó

→ Romanian: tirbușon

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تیربوشون (tirbuşon), طرابشون (terabeşon), թիրպուշօն (tirbuşon) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: tirbuşon

corkscrew (to pull corks out of bottles)


riz

Haitian Creole: diri

Inherited from Middle French riz, ris, from Old French ris, from Old Italian riso, risi, from Byzantine Greek ὄρυζα (óruza), ὄρυζον (óruzon). The spelling in -z after the Greek and Latin oryza, adopted in order to distinguish from ris (several senses).


cochon

fr-adj

cochon (feminine cochonne, masculine plural cochons, feminine plural cochonnes)

cochonne (feminine)
cochons (masculine plural)
cochonnes (feminine plural)

Haitian Creole: kochon

Polish: amikoszoneria

Originally imitative of the noise a pig makes.

onomatopoeic

imitative


adopter

adopter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
adoptant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
adopté (participle past)
adopte (first-person indicative present singular)
adoptes (indicative present second-person singular)
adopte (indicative present singular third-person)
adoptons (first-person indicative plural present)
adoptez (indicative plural present second-person)
adoptent (indicative plural present third-person)
adoptais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
adoptais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
adoptait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
adoptions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
adoptiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
adoptaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
adoptai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
adoptas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
adopta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
adoptâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
adoptâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
adoptèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
adopterai (first-person future indicative singular)
adopteras (future indicative second-person singular)
adoptera (future indicative singular third-person)
adopterons (first-person future indicative plural)
adopterez (future indicative plural second-person)
adopteront (future indicative plural third-person)
adopterais (conditional first-person singular)
adopterais (conditional second-person singular)
adopterait (conditional singular third-person)
adopterions (conditional first-person plural)
adopteriez (conditional plural second-person)
adopteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
adopte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
adoptes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
adopte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
adoptions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
adoptiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
adoptent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
adoptasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
adoptasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
adoptât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
adoptassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
adoptassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
adoptassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
adopte (imperative second-person singular)
adoptons (first-person imperative plural)
adoptez (imperative plural second-person)


étranger

fr-noun

étranger m (plural étrangers, feminine étrangère)

Polish: wtranżolić

Inherited from Middle French estranger, from Old French estrangier, from estrange + -ier, equivalent to modern French étrange + -er. Cf. also Vulgar Latin *extraneārius, Italian straniero, Portuguese estrangeiro.


joli

fr-adj

joli (feminine jolie, masculine plural jolis, feminine plural jolies)

jolie (feminine)
jolis (masculine plural)
jolies (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French joly (“considerable, ingenious, agreeable, pretty”), from Old French joli, jolif (“pretty, smart, joyful, merry”), possibly from Old Norse jól (midwinter festival), from Proto-Germanic *jehwlą, *jeulō (“Yule, Yule month, December”) (more at yule); alternatively from Vulgar Latin *gaudivus (from Latin gaudeō, more at joy).

inh+

Julie, fille jolie, un jour était allée
cueillir au cœur des blés la belle fleur des blés,
des bleuets pour s’en faire une couronne bleue,
se faire une couronne et se distraire un peu.

1980, Géza Képes, Béla Kàlmàn, Péter Domokos, Le pouvoir du chant : anthologie de la poésie populaire ouralienne:

Julie, a pretty girl, had gone one day
to pick among the wheat the beautiful flower of the cornfields,
cornflowers to make herself a blue wreath,
to make herself a wreath and amuse herself a little.

(Louisiana) jolly, nice, pleasant, agreeable


tourner

tourner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tournant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
tourné (participle past)
tourne (first-person indicative present singular)
tournes (indicative present second-person singular)
tourne (indicative present singular third-person)
tournons (first-person indicative plural present)
tournez (indicative plural present second-person)
tournent (indicative plural present third-person)
tournais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tournais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tournait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tournions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tourniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tournaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tournai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
tournas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
tourna (historic indicative past singular third-person)
tournâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
tournâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
tournèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
tournerai (first-person future indicative singular)
tourneras (future indicative second-person singular)
tournera (future indicative singular third-person)
tournerons (first-person future indicative plural)
tournerez (future indicative plural second-person)
tourneront (future indicative plural third-person)
tournerais (conditional first-person singular)
tournerais (conditional second-person singular)
tournerait (conditional singular third-person)
tournerions (conditional first-person plural)
tourneriez (conditional plural second-person)
tourneraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
tourne (first-person present singular subjunctive)
tournes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
tourne (present singular subjunctive third-person)
tournions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
tourniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
tournent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
tournasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
tournasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
tournât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
tournassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tournassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tournassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tourne (imperative second-person singular)
tournons (first-person imperative plural)
tournez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Spanish: turnar

→ Portuguese: turno

⇒ Italian: turno

Inherited from Middle French tourner, from Old French torner, from Latin tornāre (“turn”).

tourner sa langue sept fois dans sa bouche

tourner sept fois sa langue dans sa bouche

Faire tourner un programme sur son ordinateur.

(computing, transitive, intransitive) to run, to execute (a program, an application etc.)


cracher

cracher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
crachant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
craché (participle past)
crache (first-person indicative present singular)
craches (indicative present second-person singular)
crache (indicative present singular third-person)
crachons (first-person indicative plural present)
crachez (indicative plural present second-person)
crachent (indicative plural present third-person)
crachais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
crachais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
crachait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
crachions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
crachiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
crachaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
crachai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
crachas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
cracha (historic indicative past singular third-person)
crachâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
crachâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
crachèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
cracherai (first-person future indicative singular)
cracheras (future indicative second-person singular)
crachera (future indicative singular third-person)
cracherons (first-person future indicative plural)
cracherez (future indicative plural second-person)
cracheront (future indicative plural third-person)
cracherais (conditional first-person singular)
cracherais (conditional second-person singular)
cracherait (conditional singular third-person)
cracherions (conditional first-person plural)
cracheriez (conditional plural second-person)
cracheraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
crache (first-person present singular subjunctive)
craches (present second-person singular subjunctive)
crache (present singular subjunctive third-person)
crachions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
crachiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
crachent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
crachasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
crachasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
crachât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
crachassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
crachassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
crachassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
crache (imperative second-person singular)
crachons (first-person imperative plural)
crachez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French cracher, from Old French crachier (“to eject from the mouth”), from Vulgar Latin *craccare, of imitative origin, possibly via Frankish *hrākijan or *hrakkjan; compare Old High German hrahhan, hrahhjan (“to spew, spit”), Proto-Germanic *hrēkijaną (“to spit, retch, vomit”) and *krakōną (“to make a cracking sound”). See also Old English hrǣċan (“to retch, cough up, spit”), Old Norse hrǽkja (“to hawk, spit”), Old High German rachisōn (“to clear one's throat, spit”), Old High German hrahho (“throat, gorge”), Lithuanian kregeti (“dry heave, grunt”).


Ancien Régime

From ancien (“former”) + régime (“rule, order”).


chaebol

(business) chaebol (a large, family-controlled, South Korean business conglomerate)


cinéma

→ Arabic: سِينَمَا (sīnamā)

desctree

→ English: cinema
→ Bengali: সিনেমা (śinema)
→ Gujarati: સિનેમા (sinemā)
→ Hindi: सिनेमा (sinemā)
→ Kannada: ಸಿನಮಾ (sinamā)
→ Lao: ຊິເນມາ (si nē mā)
→ Malayalam: സിനിമ (sinima)
→ Punjabi: ਸਿਨਮਾ (sinmā)
→ Sinhalese: සිනමාහල (sinamāhala)
→ Tamil: சினிமா (ciṉimā)
→ Telugu: సినిమా (sinimā), సైన్మ (sainma), సీన్మ (sīnma) — Telangana
→ Urdu: سِنیما (sinemā)
→ Welsh: sinema
→ Yoruba: sinimá

→ Greek: σινεμά (sinemá)

Haitian Creole: sinema

→ Italian: cinema

→ Japanese: シネマ (shinema)

→ Ottoman Turkish: سینهما (sinema)
Turkish: sinema

→ Persian: سینما (sinamâ)

→ Portuguese: cinema
→ Hunsrik: Cinema

→ Romanian: cinema

→ Sicilian: cìnima

Je suis allé au cinéma samedi dernier.


herbe

Inherited from Old French erbe, herbe, from Latin herba, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreH₁- (“to grow, become green”).

der

l’herbe est toujours plus verte ailleurs

l’herbe est toujours plus verte dans le pré du voisin

(colloquial) weed; marijuana; ganja; cannabis


projet

→ Italian: progetto

→ Persian: پروژه (porože)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پروژه (proje)

Turkish: proje


colère

Old borrowing from Late Latin cholera, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra), from χολή (kholḗ). Doublet of choléra.


désir

Derived from the verb désirer, possibly corresponding to Latin dēsīderium (“desire”).


SOV

(linguistics) Initialism of sujet-objet-verbe, equivalent to English SOV (subject-object-verb).


cocotte

→ Catalan: cocota

→ English: cocotte

→ German: Kokotte

→ Greek: κοκότα (kokóta)

small casserole (pot) for individual portions, similar to a Dutch oven


chaudron

Inherited from Middle French chaudron, from Old French chauderon, ultimately from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking-pot”). Compare English cauldron (from the northern Old French variant caudron).


bleu d'Auvergne

fr-noun

bleu d’Auvergne m (plural bleus d’Auvergne)

bleu d’ Auvergne (canonical masculine)
bleus d’Auvergne (plural)


brocciu

brocciu m (countable and uncountable, plural broccius)

Unadapted borrowing from Corsican brocciu, of pre-Roman origin. Doublet of brousse, borrowed from Occitan.


pédé

fr-adj

pédé (feminine pédée, masculine plural pédés, feminine plural pédées)

pédée (feminine)
pédés (masculine plural)
pédées (feminine plural)


silicium

Lingala: siliki

From Latin silicium, from silex (“flint”).


véhicule

→ English: vehicle

→ Romanian: vehicul n

Borrowed from Latin vehiculum (“vehicle, carriage”).


Camelot

Inherited from Middle French Camalot, from Old French Camaalot.


cinquième

Inherited from Middle French cinquiesme. Also cinq + -ième.


huitième

Inherited from Old French huictiesme. By surface analysis, huit + -ième.


neuvième

Inherited from Old French neufyesme. By surface analysis, neuf + -ième.


crampon

→ English: crampon

→ Romanian: crampon

→ Spanish: crampón

→ Turkish: krampon


charmant

fr-adj

charmant (feminine charmante, masculine plural charmants, feminine plural charmantes)

charmante (feminine)
charmants (masculine plural)
charmantes (feminine plural)


baie

→ Catalan: baia

→ Spanish: baya


dague

→ Romanian: dagă

From Old French (13th century), from either Old Occitan or Italian daga.
The Catholicum Armoricum glosses Breton dac as French dague, Latin pugio, adding ou c'est badelaire (Du Cange).

(zoology) tusk (of wild boar), spike (of deer)


Christophe

a male given name, equivalent to English Christopher


voyant

fr-noun

voyant m (plural voyants, feminine voyante)


champignon

→ Catalan: xampinyó

→ Crimean Tatar: şampinyon

→ Danish: champignon

→ Dutch: champignon

→ English: champignon

→ Galician: champiñón

→ German: Champignon

→ Italian: champignon

→ Luxembourgish: Champignon

→ Portuguese: champignon

→ Serbo-Croatian: šampìnjōn, шампѝњо̄н

→ Spanish: champiñón

/ʃɑ̃.pi.ɲɔ̃/

From Vulgar Latin *campāniolus (“grows in the field”), from Late Latin campāneus (“relating to fields”), from Latin campānia (“level country”).
The “accelerator” sense comes from the fact that accelerator pedals were initially mushroom-shaped.

der

appuyer sur le champignon

to step on it, to floor it, to put the pedal to the metal, to put one's foot down, to step on the gas

le pied sur le champignon

champignon au plancher


cauchemar

→ Bulgarian: кошмар (košmar)

→ English: cauchemar

→ Esperanto: koŝmaro

→ Estonian: košmaar

→ Ido: koshmaro

→ Lithuanian: košmaras

→ Macedonian: кошмар (košmar)

→ Polish: koszmar

→ Romanian: coșmar

desctree

→ Russian: кошмар (košmar), кошма́ръ (košmár) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Belarusian: кашмар (kašmar)
→ Georgian: კოშმარი (ḳošmari), კაშმარი (ḳašmari) — nonstandard
→ Kazakh: кошмар (koşmar)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: košmar

Cyrillic script: кошмар

→ Ukrainian: кошмар (košmar)

→ Volapük: kojmar

→ Yiddish: קאָשמאַר (koshmar)

Inherited from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. By surface analysis, cauque + mar. Compare Walloon tchôcmwår.
* First element from Old French cauche, from the verb chauchier (“to press”), from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”), from calx (“heel”), of uncertain origin.
* Second element from Frankish *marā (“evil spirit”), from Proto-West Germanic *marā, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”), from *mer- (“to die”); related to the homograph English mare. More at mare.

der

Je n’ai pas pu dormir hier soir parce que j’ai fait trop de cauchemars.

I couldn't sleep last night because I had too many nightmares.

C’était un rêve ou un cauchemar?

Il a remué toute la nuit, je crois qu’il a fait des cauchemars.

He was tossing and turning all night, I think [that] he had nightmares.

J’ai eu un accident ce matin! Je vais bien mais ça a été un vrai cauchemar!

I had an accident this morning! I'm okay but it was a true nightmare!


aîné

Inherited from Middle French aisné, from Old French aisné, contraction of ainz (“before”) + né (“born”).


couteau

Inherited from Old French coutel, from Latin cultellus, diminutive of culter (“knife, plough blade”); cognate with Italian coltello. Not related to couper.

razor clam; any bivalve in the genus Solen.


écraser

écraser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
écrasant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
écrasé (participle past)
écrase (first-person indicative present singular)
écrases (indicative present second-person singular)
écrase (indicative present singular third-person)
écrasons (first-person indicative plural present)
écrasez (indicative plural present second-person)
écrasent (indicative plural present third-person)
écrasais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
écrasais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
écrasait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
écrasions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
écrasiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
écrasaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
écrasai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
écrasas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
écrasa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
écrasâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
écrasâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
écrasèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
écraserai (first-person future indicative singular)
écraseras (future indicative second-person singular)
écrasera (future indicative singular third-person)
écraserons (first-person future indicative plural)
écraserez (future indicative plural second-person)
écraseront (future indicative plural third-person)
écraserais (conditional first-person singular)
écraserais (conditional second-person singular)
écraserait (conditional singular third-person)
écraserions (conditional first-person plural)
écraseriez (conditional plural second-person)
écraseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
écrase (first-person present singular subjunctive)
écrases (present second-person singular subjunctive)
écrase (present singular subjunctive third-person)
écrasions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
écrasiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
écrasent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
écrasasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
écrasasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
écrasât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
écrasassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
écrasassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
écrasassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
écrase (imperative second-person singular)
écrasons (first-person imperative plural)
écrasez (imperative plural second-person)

From Middle French ecraser (“to squash”), from Middle English crasen (“to break, shatter”), from Old Norse *krasa (“to shatter”), ultimately imitative. More at craze.

uder

(cooking) to mash (vegetables), to crush (garlic)


reculer

reculer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
reculant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
reculé (participle past)
recule (first-person indicative present singular)
recules (indicative present second-person singular)
recule (indicative present singular third-person)
reculons (first-person indicative plural present)
reculez (indicative plural present second-person)
reculent (indicative plural present third-person)
reculais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
reculais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
reculait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
reculions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
reculiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
reculaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
reculai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
reculas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
recula (historic indicative past singular third-person)
reculâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
reculâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
reculèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
reculerai (first-person future indicative singular)
reculeras (future indicative second-person singular)
reculera (future indicative singular third-person)
reculerons (first-person future indicative plural)
reculerez (future indicative plural second-person)
reculeront (future indicative plural third-person)
reculerais (conditional first-person singular)
reculerais (conditional second-person singular)
reculerait (conditional singular third-person)
reculerions (conditional first-person plural)
reculeriez (conditional plural second-person)
reculeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
recule (first-person present singular subjunctive)
recules (present second-person singular subjunctive)
recule (present singular subjunctive third-person)
reculions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
reculiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
reculent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
reculasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
reculasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
reculât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
reculassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
reculassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
reculassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
recule (imperative second-person singular)
reculons (first-person imperative plural)
reculez (imperative plural second-person)


avaler

avaler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
avalant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
avalé (participle past)
avale (first-person indicative present singular)
avales (indicative present second-person singular)
avale (indicative present singular third-person)
avalons (first-person indicative plural present)
avalez (indicative plural present second-person)
avalent (indicative plural present third-person)
avalais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
avalais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
avalait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
avalions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
avaliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
avalaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
avalai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
avalas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
avala (historic indicative past singular third-person)
avalâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
avalâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
avalèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
avalerai (first-person future indicative singular)
avaleras (future indicative second-person singular)
avalera (future indicative singular third-person)
avalerons (first-person future indicative plural)
avalerez (future indicative plural second-person)
avaleront (future indicative plural third-person)
avalerais (conditional first-person singular)
avalerais (conditional second-person singular)
avalerait (conditional singular third-person)
avalerions (conditional first-person plural)
avaleriez (conditional plural second-person)
avaleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
avale (first-person present singular subjunctive)
avales (present second-person singular subjunctive)
avale (present singular subjunctive third-person)
avalions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
avaliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
avalent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
avalasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
avalasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
avalât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
avalassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
avalassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
avalassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
avale (imperative second-person singular)
avalons (first-person imperative plural)
avalez (imperative plural second-person)

Est-ce que tu avales ?

(intransitive, sex, informal) to swallow cum, to swallow


balayer

balayer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
balayant (gerund participle present)
balayant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
balayé (participle past)
balayé (participle past)
balaye (first-person indicative present singular)
balaie (first-person indicative present singular)
balayes (indicative present second-person singular)
balaies (indicative present second-person singular)
balaye (indicative present singular third-person)
balaie (indicative present singular third-person)
balayons (first-person indicative plural present)
balayons (first-person indicative plural present)
balayez (indicative plural present second-person)
balayez (indicative plural present second-person)
balayent (indicative plural present third-person)
balaient (indicative plural present third-person)
balayais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
balayais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
balayais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
balayais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
balayait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
balayait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
balayions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
balayiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
balayaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
balayaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
balayai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
balayai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
balayas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
balayas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
balaya (historic indicative past singular third-person)
balaya (historic indicative past singular third-person)
balayâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
balayâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
balayâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
balayâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
balayèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
balayèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
balayerai (first-person future indicative singular)
balaierai (first-person future indicative singular)
/ba.lɛj.ʁe/ (first-person future indicative singular)
/ba.lɛ.ʁe/ (first-person future indicative singular)
/ba.le.ʁe/ (first-person future indicative singular)
balayeras (future indicative second-person singular)
balaieras (future indicative second-person singular)
/ba.lɛj.ʁa/ (future indicative second-person singular)
/ba.lɛ.ʁa/ (future indicative second-person singular)
/ba.le.ʁa/ (future indicative second-person singular)
balayera (future indicative singular third-person)
balaiera (future indicative singular third-person)
/ba.lɛj.ʁa/ (future indicative singular third-person)
/ba.lɛ.ʁa/ (future indicative singular third-person)
/ba.le.ʁa/ (future indicative singular third-person)
balayerons (first-person future indicative plural)
balaierons (first-person future indicative plural)
/ba.lɛj.ʁɔ̃/ (first-person future indicative plural)
/ba.lɛ.ʁɔ̃/ (first-person future indicative plural)
/ba.le.ʁɔ̃/ (first-person future indicative plural)
balayerez (future indicative plural second-person)
balaierez (future indicative plural second-person)
/ba.lɛj.ʁe/ (future indicative plural second-person)
/ba.lɛ.ʁe/ (future indicative plural second-person)
/ba.le.ʁe/ (future indicative plural second-person)
balayeront (future indicative plural third-person)
balaieront (future indicative plural third-person)
/ba.lɛj.ʁɔ̃/ (future indicative plural third-person)
/ba.lɛ.ʁɔ̃/ (future indicative plural third-person)
/ba.le.ʁɔ̃/ (future indicative plural third-person)
balayerais (conditional first-person singular)
balaierais (conditional first-person singular)
/ba.lɛj.ʁɛ/ (conditional first-person singular)
/ba.lɛ.ʁɛ/ (conditional first-person singular)
/ba.le.ʁɛ/ (conditional first-person singular)
balayerais (conditional second-person singular)
balaierais (conditional second-person singular)
/ba.lɛj.ʁɛ/ (conditional second-person singular)
/ba.lɛ.ʁɛ/ (conditional second-person singular)
/ba.le.ʁɛ/ (conditional second-person singular)
balayerait (conditional singular third-person)
balaierait (conditional singular third-person)
/ba.lɛj.ʁɛ/ (conditional singular third-person)
/ba.lɛ.ʁɛ/ (conditional singular third-person)
/ba.le.ʁɛ/ (conditional singular third-person)
balayerions (conditional first-person plural)
balaierions (conditional first-person plural)
/ba.lɛ.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ (conditional first-person plural)
balayeriez (conditional plural second-person)
balaieriez (conditional plural second-person)
/ba.lɛ.jə.ʁje/ (conditional plural second-person)
balayeraient (conditional plural third-person)
balaieraient (conditional plural third-person)
/ba.lɛj.ʁɛ/ (conditional plural third-person)
/ba.lɛ.ʁɛ/ (conditional plural third-person)
/ba.le.ʁɛ/ (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
balaye (first-person present singular subjunctive)
balaie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
balayes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
balaies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
balaye (present singular subjunctive third-person)
balaie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
balayions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
balayiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
balayent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
balaient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
balayasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
balayasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
balayasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
balayasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
balayât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
balayât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
balayassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
balayassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
balayassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
balayassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
balayassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
balayassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
balaye (imperative second-person singular)
balaie (imperative second-person singular)
balayons (first-person imperative plural)
balayons (first-person imperative plural)
balayez (imperative plural second-person)
balayez (imperative plural second-person)


neiger

neiger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
neigeant (gerund participle present)
neigeant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
neigé (participle past)
neigé (participle past)
neige (indicative present singular third-person)
neigeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
neigeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
neigea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
neigea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
neigera (future indicative singular third-person)
neigerait (conditional singular third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
neige (present singular subjunctive third-person)
neigeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
neigeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)

Inherited from Middle French neiger, from Old French negier, from Vulgar Latin *nivicāre, a verb based on Latin nivem (“snow”, noun). Compare Italian nevicare.

Il neigeait.


dribbler

dribbler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
dribblant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
dribblé (participle past)
dribble (first-person indicative present singular)
dribbles (indicative present second-person singular)
dribble (indicative present singular third-person)
dribblons (first-person indicative plural present)
dribblez (indicative plural present second-person)
dribblent (indicative plural present third-person)
dribblais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dribblais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dribblait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dribblions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dribbliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dribblaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dribblai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
dribblas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
dribbla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
dribblâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
dribblâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
dribblèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
dribblerai (first-person future indicative singular)
dribbleras (future indicative second-person singular)
dribblera (future indicative singular third-person)
dribblerons (first-person future indicative plural)
dribblerez (future indicative plural second-person)
dribbleront (future indicative plural third-person)
dribblerais (conditional first-person singular)
dribblerais (conditional second-person singular)
dribblerait (conditional singular third-person)
dribblerions (conditional first-person plural)
dribbleriez (conditional plural second-person)
dribbleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
dribble (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dribbles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dribble (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dribblions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dribbliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dribblent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dribblasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dribblasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dribblât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dribblassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dribblassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dribblassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dribble (imperative second-person singular)
dribblons (first-person imperative plural)
dribblez (imperative plural second-person)

(sports, transitive, intransitive) to dribble


minestrone

fr-noun

minestrone m (countable and uncountable, plural minestrones)

Directly from Italian minestrone, from minestra (“soup”, ultimately from Latin ministrō) + -one (augmentative suffix).

af

ultimately from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">ministrō</i>

minestrone (thick Italian vegetable soup)


revenir

revenir (infinitive)
être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
revenant (gerund participle present)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
revenu (participle past)
reviens (first-person indicative present singular)
reviens (indicative present second-person singular)
revient (indicative present singular third-person)
revenons (first-person indicative plural present)
revenez (indicative plural present second-person)
reviennent (indicative plural present third-person)
revenais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
revenais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
revenait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
revenions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
reveniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
revenaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
revins (first-person historic indicative past singular)
revins (historic indicative past second-person singular)
revint (historic indicative past singular third-person)
revînmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
revîntes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
revinrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
reviendrai (first-person future indicative singular)
reviendras (future indicative second-person singular)
reviendra (future indicative singular third-person)
reviendrons (first-person future indicative plural)
reviendrez (future indicative plural second-person)
reviendront (future indicative plural third-person)
reviendrais (conditional first-person singular)
reviendrais (conditional second-person singular)
reviendrait (conditional singular third-person)
reviendrions (conditional first-person plural)
reviendriez (conditional plural second-person)
reviendraient (conditional plural third-person)
past historic of être + past participle (anterior indicative multiword-construction past)
future of être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
revienne (first-person present singular subjunctive)
reviennes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
revienne (present singular subjunctive third-person)
revenions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
reveniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
reviennent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
revinsse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
revinsses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
revînt (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
revinssions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
revinssiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
revinssent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
reviens (imperative second-person singular)
revenons (first-person imperative plural)
revenez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French revenir, from Old French revenir, from Latin revenīre (“come back, return”).

Mettez un peu de beurre et d’huile et faites revenir sur le gaz.

Put in a bit of butter and oil and brown on the gas cooker.


rosse

From Middle French rosse, from Old French roche, *rosse (“bad horse”), from Old Frankish *hross (“horse”), from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse, steed”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Cognate with Old High German hros, ros (“horse, steed”), Old English hors (“horse”). More at horse.

(derogatory, of a man) a bastard or asshole


obnubilation

Inherited from the Middle French obnubilation.

(medicine, obsolete) perception of objects as if seen through a cloud, dazzlement, obnubilation

vertige

(medicine) a disorder of consciousness characterised by slowed and obscured thought, obnubilation


côtelette

→ Czech: kotleta

desctree

→ English: cutlet
→ Burmese: ကတ်သလိတ် (katsa.lit)
→ Cantonese: 吉列 (gat1 lit6)
→ Chinese: 吉列 (jíliè)
→ Japanese: カツレツ (katsuretsu)
Japanese: カツ (katsu)
→ English: katsu
⇒ Japanese: 豚カツ (tonkatsu)
→ English: tonkatsu

→ Dutch: kotelet

→ German: Kotelett
→ Polish: kotlet

→ Italian: cotoletta

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kotelett

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kotelett

→ Persian: کتلت (kotlet)

→ Romanian: cotlet

→ Russian: котле́та (kotléta)
→ Armenian: կոտլետ (kotlet)
→ English: kotlety (via plural)
→ Georgian: კატლეტი (ḳaṭleṭi)
→ Uzbek: kotlet

→ Serbo-Croatian: ко̀тле̄т / kòtlēt

→ Swedish: kotlett

→ Ukrainian: котле́та (kotléta)

→ Vietnamese: cốt-lết

From Middle French costelette (“little rib”), a diminutive of Old French coste (“rib, side”), from Latin costa.


Philippe

a male given name, equivalent to English Philip. Very popular in 20th century France, next only to Jean and Pierre


quotidien

fr-adj

quotidien (feminine quotidienne, masculine plural quotidiens, feminine plural quotidiennes)

quotidienne (feminine)
quotidiens (masculine plural)
quotidiennes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin quotīdiānus, late spelling of Classical cottīdiānus, from cottīdiē (“daily”); cognate with English quotidian.

daily; everyday, quotidian, commonplace, mundane


investiture

Inherited from Middle French, borrowed from Medieval Latin investītūra. Displaced Old French envesture.


magasin

Haitian Creole: magazen

Antillean Creole: magazen

→ Albanian: magazinë

→ Bedjond: màgàjā

→ Belarusian: магазін (mahazin)

→ Danish: magasin

→ Estonian: magasin

→ Finnish: makasiini

→ Gulay: màgàjā

→ Latvian: magazīna

→ Norman: magasîn

→ Norwegian: magasin

→ Romanian: magazin

→ Portuguese: magazine

→ Swedish: magasin

→ Tagalog: magasin

→ Russian: магазин (magazin)

Inherited from Old French maguesin, from Italian magazzino, from Arabic مَخَازِن (maḵāzin), plural of مَخْزَن (maḵzan, “storeroom, storehouse”), from خَزَنَ (ḵazana, “to store, to stock, to lay up”). Doublet of magazine.

comme un éléphant dans un magasin de porcelaine


Mlle

Mˡˡᵉ (canonical)
Mlle (canonical feminine)
Mˡˡᵉˢ (plural)
Mlles (plural)


carquois

Inherited from Old French carcois, carquais, from earlier tarchais, tarquait, from Byzantine Greek ταρκάσιον (tarkásion), from Arabic تِرْكَاش (tirkāš), from Persian تیرکش (tirkaš), ترکش (tarkaš, tarkeš, from تیر (tir, “arrow”) + کش (kaš, “container”)).

af

GOLAUD : C’est sans le vouloir ; voyons, ne pleure plus, je te donnerai quelque chose demain…
YNIOLD : Quoi, petit-père ?
GOLAUD : Un carquois et des flèches ; mais dis-moi ce que tu sais au sujet de la porte.

1892, Maurice Maeterlinck, Pelléas et Mélisande:

GOLAUD : It's without wanting it; let's see, don't cry any more, I'll give you something tomorrow…
YNIOLD : What, grandfather?
GOLAUD : A quiver and arrows; but tell me what you know about the door


côte

Inherited from Middle French coste, from Old French coste, from Latin costa, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-.


système

→ Persian: سیستم (sistem)

→ Polish: system

→ Turkish: sistem

Inherited from Middle French systeme (first attested 1552), from Late Latin systēma, from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “organised whole, body”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).


marquise

→ Danish: markise

→ English: marquise

→ German: Markise

→ Ottoman Turkish: ماركیز (markiz)

Turkish: markiz

→ Persian: مارکیز (mârkiz)

→ Portuguese: marquise, marquesa

→ Romanian: marchiză

marchioness (a member of foreign nobility)

(architecture) awning, marquee (projecting canopy over an entrance)


meuble

Haitian Creole: mèb

→ Belarusian: мэ́бля (méblja)

→ Bulgarian: мебел (mebel)

→ Crimean Tatar: mebel

→ Danish: møbel
→ Icelandic: mubla

desctree

→ Dutch: meubel
Afrikaans: meubel
→ Caribbean Javanese: mébel
→ Indonesian: mebel
→ Sranan Tongo: meibri

→ Esperanto: meblo

→ German: Möbel
→ Estonian: mööbel
→ Kashubian: mébel
→ Latvian: mēbele
→ Polish: mebel
→ Russian: ме́бель (mébelʹ)
→ Azerbaijani: mebel
→ Ingrian: meebeli
→ Kyrgyz: мебель (mebel)
→ Ossetian: мебель (mebelʹ)
→ Turkmen: mebel
→ Uzbek: mebel

→ Ido: moblo

→ Macedonian: мебел (mebel)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: møbel

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: møbel

→ Persian: مبل (mobl)

→ Swedish: möbel

→ Turkish: möble

→ Ukrainian: ме́блі (mébli)

→ Yiddish: מעבל (mebl)

Inherited from Latin mōbilis (“that which can be moved”), used in juridical Latin to refer to movable possessions, the antonym being immōbilis (> French immeuble (“building”)), used to refer to immovable possessions. Doublet of mobile.


boucle

→ Catalan: bucle m

→ Esperanto: buklo

→ Galician: bucle

→ Greek: μπούκλα (boúkla)

→ Portuguese: bucle

→ Romanian: buclă

→ Russian: бу́кля (búklja)

→ Spanish: bucle m

→ Turkish: bukle

Inherited from Old French boucle, bocle, from Latin buccula (“the cheek strap of a helmet”), diminutive of bucca.

inh

(aviation) loop the loop (aircraft manoeuvre)


poupée

Haitian Creole: pope

→ Vietnamese: búp bê

Inherited from Middle French poupée, from Old French poupee, popede (cf. also Medieval Latin *pupāta), or Vulgar Latin *puppa (with the French suffix -ée later added), ultimately from Latin pūpa (“girl; doll, puppet”).


échasse

Inherited from Middle French eschesse, from Old French eschace (“crutch, stilt”), from Frankish *skakkjā, from Proto-Germanic *skakaną.

(ornithology) One of a number of stilt birds, not always directly corresponding to English stilt


subordination

Borrowed from Late Latin subordinātiōnem. See also subordonner and -ation.


chanvre

Inherited from Old French chanvre, chenvre, inherited from Late Latin canava, canapus, altered form of the Classical Latin cannabis, a borrowing from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis). Doublet of cannabis, which was a later borrowing from Latin.


maçon

fr-noun

maçon m (plural maçons, feminine maçonne)

Mauritian Creole: mason

→ Turkish: mason

Inherited from Middle French maçon (“mason”) from Old French maçon, masson, machun (“brick-layer”), from Late Latin maciōnem, machiō (“carpenter, brick-layer”) (attested 7th century by Isidore de Séville), of Germanic origin, from a derivative of Frankish *makōn (“to build, make, work”), from Proto-Indo-European *mag- (“to knead, mix, make”), conflated with Frankish *mati (“cutter”), from Proto-Germanic *matją, *mattjuk (“ploughshare, mattock”), from Proto-Indo-European *mat- (“hoe, mattock”). Akin to Old High German steinmezzo (“stone mason”), mahhōn (“to make, work”). More at make, mattock.


franc-maçon

fr-noun

franc-maçon m (plural francs-maçons, feminine franc-maçonne)

francs-maçons (plural)
franc-maçonne (feminine)

→ Catalan: francmaçó

→ Ottoman Turkish: فارماسون (farmason)

Turkish: farmason

→ Polish: farmazon

→ Romanian: francmason

→ Russian: фармазо́н (farmazón)

→ Romanian: farmazon

franc (“free”) + maçon (“mason”), a calque of English freemason.


bûcheron

bûcheron m (plural bûcherons, feminine bûcheronne)

bûcherons (plural)
bûcheronne (feminine)

From bûche + -eron or bûcher (“to hew”) + -on.


tabac

→ Dutch: tabak

→ German: Tabak

→ Irish: tobac

→ Romanian: tabac

→ Russian: таба́к (tabák)

→ Yiddish: טאַבאַק (tabak)

des plantations de tabac

(uncountable, botany) tobacco (any plant of the genus Nicotiana)


truffe

→ Greek: τρούφα (troúfa)

→ Japanese: トリュフ

→ Romanian: trufă

From Old Occitan trufa, ultimately from Latin tuber.


croûte

Inherited from Middle French crouste, from Old French croste, cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”).


païen

fr-adj

païen (feminine païenne, masculine plural païens, feminine plural païennes)

païenne (feminine)
païens (masculine plural)
païennes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French pagien, païen, from Latin pāgānus (“rural, rustic; pagan”), from pāgus (“countryside”).


païen

fr-noun

païen m (plural païens, feminine païenne)


moellon

From an alteration of Old French moilon (influenced by moelle), itself probably from a Vulgar Latin *mūtuliōnem, from Latin mūtulus (“stone or wood overhang”). Compare Italian modiglione; cf. also Spanish mojón. Doublet of modillon, taken from Italian.


pèlerin

fr-noun

pèlerin m (plural pèlerins, feminine pèlerine)

→ Romanian: pelerin m

Inherited from Ecclesiastical Latin pelegrīnus m, a dissimilated form of Classical Latin peregrīnus m. Doublet of pérégrin m, a borrowing.


veste

→ English: vest

→ German: Weste

→ Serbo-Croatian: vesta

retourner sa veste


broyer

broyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
broyant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
broyé (participle past)
broie (first-person indicative present singular)
broies (indicative present second-person singular)
broie (indicative present singular third-person)
broyons (first-person indicative plural present)
broyez (indicative plural present second-person)
broient (indicative plural present third-person)
broyais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
broyais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
broyait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
broyions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
broyiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
broyaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
broyai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
broyas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
broya (historic indicative past singular third-person)
broyâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
broyâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
broyèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
broierai (first-person future indicative singular)
broieras (future indicative second-person singular)
broiera (future indicative singular third-person)
broierons (first-person future indicative plural)
broierez (future indicative plural second-person)
broieront (future indicative plural third-person)
broierais (conditional first-person singular)
broierais (conditional second-person singular)
broierait (conditional singular third-person)
broierions (conditional first-person plural)
broieriez (conditional plural second-person)
broieraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
broie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
broies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
broie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
broyions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
broyiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
broient (plural present subjunctive third-person)
broyasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
broyasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
broyât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
broyassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
broyassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
broyassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
broie (imperative second-person singular)
broyons (first-person imperative plural)
broyez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French broier, from Old French breier, breer, brier (“to break”), from Frankish *brekan (“to break”), from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”).
Cognate with Old Dutch brecan (“to break”), Old High German brehhan (“to break”), Old English brecan (“to break”), Spanish bregar (“to toil, to deal with”), Italian sbrigare (“to handle, to deal with”), Sicilian sbrija and sbrijuni (“lever to knead dough”). More at break.


anomalie

Ultimately a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía).


nuptial

fr-adj

nuptial (feminine nuptiale, masculine plural nuptiaux, feminine plural nuptiales)

nuptiale (feminine)
nuptiaux (masculine plural)
nuptiales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: nupțial


prolongation

Inherited from Old French prolongation, borrowed from Late Latin prōlongātiōnem, from prōlongātus, perfect passive participle of Latin prōlongō, from prō + longus.


triangle amoureux

fr-noun

triangle amoureux m (plural triangles amoureux)


René

From Latin Renātus, name of a legendary 5th century French saint, from renātus (“reborn”), with identical meaning in French (rené).


grêle

Deverbal of grêler; corresponds to Old French gresle. Ultimately of Frankish origin.


sortilège

Inherited from Old French, from Medieval Latin sortilegium, from Latin sortilegus (“sorcerer, diviner”), from sors (“sort”) + legere (“choose”).

Amour de collège, comment ai-je pu oublier tes sortilèges ?

1963, Serge Gainsbourg, Amour sans amour:

College sweetheart, how could I forget your spells?


rouquin

fr-adj

rouquin (feminine rouquine, masculine plural rouquins, feminine plural rouquines)

rouquine (feminine)
rouquins (masculine plural)
rouquines (feminine plural)


rouquin

fr-noun

rouquin m (plural rouquins, feminine rouquine)


princesse

princesse f (plural princesses, masculine prince)

→ Catalan: princesa

desctree

→ Danish: prinsesse
Faroese: prinsessa
Icelandic: prinsessa

→ Ottoman Turkish: پرَنْسَس (prenses)

Turkish: prenses

→ Persian: پرَنسِس (peranses)

→ Portuguese: princesa

→ Spanish: princesa

→ Swedish: prinsessa
→ Finnish: prinsessa


gîte

Inherited from Old French giste, past participle of gesir, modern French gésir (“to lie, to be located”). Compare regional jas (“sheepfold”).


collet

→ Portuguese: colete

Inherited from Middle French collet. By surface analysis, col + -et.


braies

From Latin brācae (or brācas), plural of brāca, from Transalpine Gaulish [Term?].


colle

Inherited from Vulgar Latin colla, from Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”). Compare Italian colla, Portuguese and Spanish cola.

La khôlle (ou colle) est une interrogation orale d’une heure devant un tableau. On vous donne un exercice et vous avez pour mission de le résoudre (même si ce n’est pas le plus important).

2010, Alexandre Devaux, Tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur la prépa scientifique, Dunod, →ISBN, page 79:

The khôlle (or colle) is an hour-long oral examination in front of a blackboard. You are given an exercise and your mission is to solve it (although solving it is not the most important thing).

(France, education) oral examination at a prépa or during the PASS


bateleur

fr-noun

bateleur m (plural bateleurs, feminine bateleuse)


suédois

Haitian Creole: syedwa


finnois

Haitian Creole: finwa


finnois

fr-adj

finnois (feminine finnoise, masculine plural finnois, feminine plural finnoises)

finnoise (feminine)
finnois (masculine plural)
finnoises (feminine plural)

Finnish (related to the Finnish language)


grec

fr-noun

grec m (countable and uncountable, plural grecs)

Inherited from Middle French grec, borrowed from Latin graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).
This learned form supplanted the older grégeois (now only in feu grégeois), from Old French grezois, derived from inherited Old French gri(e)u with the ending -ois, or possibly stemming from a Vulgar Latin *graeciscus.
The feminine form in -cque is a remnant of an older spelling habit, which has occasionally survived after -e- (compare Mecque), possibly in order to avoid the grave accent (*grèque).


irlandais

From Irlande (“Ireland”) + -ais (demonym suffix).


letton

Certaines reconstructions ont montré que le letton et le lituanien sont les langues encore parlées qui se rapprochent le plus de l’indo-européen.

Certain reconstructions have shown that Latvian and Lithuanian are the languages still spoken which approach closest to Indo-European.


portugais

From Portuguese português, replacing earlier Portugalois.


slovaque

Slovak, Slovakian, the Slovakian language


purger

purger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
purgeant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
purgé (participle past)
purge (first-person indicative present singular)
purges (indicative present second-person singular)
purge (indicative present singular third-person)
purgeons (first-person indicative plural present)
purgez (indicative plural present second-person)
purgent (indicative plural present third-person)
purgeais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
purgeais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
purgeait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
purgions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
purgiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
purgeaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
purgeai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
purgeas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
purgea (historic indicative past singular third-person)
purgeâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
purgeâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
purgèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
purgerai (first-person future indicative singular)
purgeras (future indicative second-person singular)
purgera (future indicative singular third-person)
purgerons (first-person future indicative plural)
purgerez (future indicative plural second-person)
purgeront (future indicative plural third-person)
purgerais (conditional first-person singular)
purgerais (conditional second-person singular)
purgerait (conditional singular third-person)
purgerions (conditional first-person plural)
purgeriez (conditional plural second-person)
purgeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
purge (first-person present singular subjunctive)
purges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
purge (present singular subjunctive third-person)
purgions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
purgiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
purgent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
purgeasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
purgeasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
purgeât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
purgeassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
purgeassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
purgeassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
purge (imperative second-person singular)
purgeons (first-person imperative plural)
purgez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: purja


paquebot

→ English: paquebot


cran

Deverbal of créner (“to kern”), from crenedes (“notched”), from Vulgar Latin *crinare, probably of Celtic/Gaulish origin, from Proto-Celtic *krini-, from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to divide, separate”). Or, less likely, from Latin cernō (“to separate”), itself from the same root.


perruque

→ Arabic: بَرُوكَة (barūka)

→ Catalan: perruca

→ Czech: paruka

→ Danish: paryk

→ German: Perücke

→ Greek: περούκα (peroúka)

→ English: periwig

→ English: peruke

→ English: wig

→ Esperanto: peruko

→ Spanish: peluca

→ Estonian: parukas

→ Finnish: peruukki

→ Galician: perruca

→ Ido: peruko

→ Italian: parrucca

→ Luxembourgish: Parréck

→ Lithuanian: perukas

→ Latvian: parūka

→ Macedonian: перика (perika)

→ Dutch: pruik

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: parykk

→ Norwegian: parykk

→ Plautdietsch: Pruck

→ Polish: peruka

→ Portuguese: peruca

→ Romanian: perucă

→ Turkish: peruk

→ Russian: парик (parik)

→ Azerbaijani: parik

→ Georgian: პარიკი (ṗariḳi)

→ Turkmen: parik

→ Uzbek: parik

Probably borrowed from western Lombard perrucca, parrucca. Compare the phonetic changes of intervocalic -L- into -R- of Italian parlare and Sicilian parrari.


phobie

From words ending in -phobie, from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).

phobie de (quelque chose)


hanche

From Old French, from Proto-Germanic *hanka. Replaced Latin coxa (“hip”), which was retained in French as cuisse (“thigh”). Compare English haunch.


aisselle

Inherited from Old French aisele, inherited from Vulgar Latin *axella, Late Latin ascella, from Latin axilla.


coude

Haitian Creole: koud

Inherited from Old French code, cote, coute, cute, inherited from Latin cubitum, cubitus. Doublet of cubitus.


gencive

Inherited from Old French [Term?] (compare 11th-century Judeo-French jencives, 12th-century Walloon genchives), from Latin gingīva (with dissimilation of the second -g-), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-.


cuisse

Haitian Creole: kwis

→ English: cuish, cuisse, quish

Inherited from Old French cuisse, quisse, from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin coxa (“thigh”), from Latin coxa (“hip”). Compare hanche.


ongle

Haitian Creole: zong

Mauritian Creole: zong

Inherited from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *ungla, syncopated form of Latin ungula, from unguis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ-.


cerveau

Inherited from Middle French cerveau, cervel, from Old French cervel, from Latin cerebellum, diminutive of cerebrum, from Proto-Italic *kerazrom, from a Proto-Indo-European form *ḱerh₂-s-ro, from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head”).


pouce

Inherited from Old French pouce, pouz, peuce, from Latin pollicem.


lèvre

Inherited from Middle French lévre, from Old French levre, earlier lavras (plural) (ca. 980), from Vulgar Latin labra, originally a neuter plural of Latin labrum, from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang down, droop”). An Old and Middle French variant, leffre, may have blended with Old High German leffur (“lip”).


gouine

Unknown. Possibly borrowed from Breton gouin, from Middle Breton gouhin, from Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”), itself borrowed from Latin vāgīna (“vagina”); in which case, a doublet of gaine (“sheath”) and vagin (“vagina”).

doublet

«[…]Cette marche est là pour montrer qu’on peut être jeune, LGBTQI+ et vivre en banlieue», affirme-elle avec aplomb, avant de continuer à scander : «Y’en a assez, assez, de cette société qui ne respecte pas les trans, les gouines et les PD».

2019 June 9, Marie Rouge, Emeline Paillasseur, “A Saint-Denis, «assez de cette société qui ne respecte pas les trans, les gouines et les PD»”, in Libération:

" […] This march is there to show that you can be young, LGBTQI+ and live in the suburbs," she asserts confidently, before continuing to chant: "Enough, enough, of this society which does not respect trans people, dykes and homosexuals”.

(slang, derogatory, vulgar) butch, dyke (a masculine lesbian)


-phobie

From Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).


ricotta

Borrowed from Italian ricotta (literally “cooked again”), from Latin recocta.


agoraphobie

→ Turkish: agorafobi

From Latin agoraphobia, from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá, “gathering of people or place of gathering”) + φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).


bouillabaisse

fr-noun

bouillabaisse f (countable and uncountable, plural bouillabaisses)

From Occitan bolhabaissa, possibly a compound of bolhir (“to boil”) + abaissar (“to lower [temperature]”). By surface analysis, bouillir + abaisser.


damer

damer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
damant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
damé (participle past)
dame (first-person indicative present singular)
dames (indicative present second-person singular)
dame (indicative present singular third-person)
damons (first-person indicative plural present)
damez (indicative plural present second-person)
dament (indicative plural present third-person)
damais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
damais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
damait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
damions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
damiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
damaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
damai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
damas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
dama (historic indicative past singular third-person)
damâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
damâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
damèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
damerai (first-person future indicative singular)
dameras (future indicative second-person singular)
damera (future indicative singular third-person)
damerons (first-person future indicative plural)
damerez (future indicative plural second-person)
dameront (future indicative plural third-person)
damerais (conditional first-person singular)
damerais (conditional second-person singular)
damerait (conditional singular third-person)
damerions (conditional first-person plural)
dameriez (conditional plural second-person)
dameraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
dame (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dames (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dame (present singular subjunctive third-person)
damions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
damiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dament (plural present subjunctive third-person)
damasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
damasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
damât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
damassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
damassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
damassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dame (imperative second-person singular)
damons (first-person imperative plural)
damez (imperative plural second-person)

(chess, transitive) to queen (transform a pawn into a queen, by advancing it to the opponent's side of the board)


Julien

a male given name, equivalent to English Julian


calme

desctree

Dutch: kalm, (obsolete) calm
Negerhollands: kalm
→ Caribbean Javanese: kalem
→ Javanese: ꦏꦊꦩ꧀ (kalem)
→ Indonesian: kalem

Inherited from Middle French calme, probably borrowed from Italian calma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma) (or alternatively through the intermediate of an Iberian language as opposed to Italian).


Julienne

a female given name, the feminine of Julien. Cognate to English Juliana and Gillian


julienne

→ Catalan: juliana

→ English: julienne

→ German: Julienne

→ Spanish: juliana

(cooking) a julienne, a garnish of vegetables cut into long, thin strips


Julie

a female given name from Latin Iūlia, equivalent to English Julia


François

→ Afrikaans: Francois

→ English: Francois, François

→ Chinese: 弗朗索瓦 (Fúlǎngsuǒwǎ)

→ Japanese: フランソワ (Furansowa)

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin Franciscus (from Francia + -iscus). Doublet of Français.

inh+

a male given name, equivalent to English Francis


Mathilde

a female given name, equivalent to English Matilda


Véronique

a female given name, equivalent to English Veronica


Benoît

→ English: Benoit

From Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin Benedictus, from benedictus (“blessed; well spoken of”), from Latin benedicō. Cf. benoît. Compare Occitan Beneset, Catalan Benet, Italian Benedetto, Spanish Benito, Portuguese Bento.

a male given name, equivalent to English Benedict


Félix

LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Géronde, ruine de la chapelle St-Félix.wav

Borrowed from Latin Fēlīx (literally “fortunate, prosperous”).

bor+

a male given name, equivalent to English Felix


Édouard

a male given name, equivalent to English Edward


Frédéric

a male given name, feminine equivalent Frédérique, equivalent to English Frederick


Sylvain

a male given name, equivalent to English Silvanus


Valérie

a female given name, equivalent to English Valerie


Thérèse

a female given name, equivalent to English Teresa


journée

From Old French jornee, from Vulgar Latin *diurnāta.


Jocelyn

a male given name, equivalent to English Jocelyn


Jacqueline

a female given name, feminine form of Jacques


Caleb

Borrowed from Late Latin Caleb, Calebus, from Koine Greek Χάλεβ (Kháleb), from Biblical Hebrew כָּלֵב (Kālēḇ), possibly related to כֶּלֶב (keleḇ, “dog”), referring to dogs’ unconditional devotion to their masters.


coloc

(colloquial) Clipping of colocataire (“roomie, housemate, roommate”).


Fabrice

Borrowed from Latin Fabricius, name of a plebeian Roman gens, of unknown origin, but often explained as from faber (“skillful, one who works with hands”).


cornemuse

Italian: cornamusa

Spanish: cornamusa

From Old French corner (“sound a horn”) + muser (“play the bagpipe”).


Antoine

English: Antoine, Antwone, Antwon

a male given name, equivalent to English Anthony


crise

→ Romanian: criză

→ Turkish: kriz
→ Laz: კრიზი (ǩrizi)

Borrowed from Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis).


courbe

From Vulgar Latin *curbus, from Latin curvus.


bougie

→ Catalan: bugia

→ English: bougie

→ Greek: μπουζί (bouzí)

→ Gulay: bùjì

→ Romanian: bujie

→ Spanish: bujía

→ Turkish: buji

From Bougie, the French name for the Algerian town of Béjaïa بجاية, formerly known for exporting candle wax.
Attested 1300 for "fine candle wax", and 1493 for "candle made from such wax".


reforestation

Coordinate term: déforestation


armorial

fr-adj

armorial (feminine armoriale, masculine plural armoriaux, feminine plural armoriales)

armoriale (feminine)
armoriaux (masculine plural)
armoriales (feminine plural)


rets

Inherited from Old French reiz, rez, rei (with spelling re-Latinized in modern French), from Latin rēte.


cayenne

Dictionnaire de la langue française
Émile Littré


cayenne

From poivre (piment) de Cayenne, from Cayenne.


espace

Inherited from Middle French espace, from Old French espace, borrowed from Latin spatium.

espace insécable


étron

Inherited from Middle French étront, from Old French estront, from Late Latin struntus, borrowed from Frankish *strunt, from Proto-Germanic *strunt- (“stump”), from *strent- (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“stiff”). Compare Dutch stront (“feces, turd”), West Frisian stront, English strunt (“tail”), Middle High German strunze (“stump”), Italian stronzo, Luxembourgish strëllchen, dialectal Swedish strunt (“a bud, sprout, offshoot”).

cog

Il se fait foutre et fouetter alternativement par deux hommes, pendant qu’il encule un jeune garçon et qu’un vieux lui fait dans sa bouche un étron qu’il mange.

1785, Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, Les 120 journées de Sodome, ou l'École du libertinage:

He got fucked and whipped in turn by two men, while he buggered a young boy and an old man did a turd in his mouth, which he ate.


stade

→ Turkish: stat

From Latin stadium, from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion), neuter form of στάδιος (stádios, “stable, firm”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to be standing”).

der

(historical) stadion (Ancient Greek unit of measurement)

un stade avancé d’une maladie


Henriette

a female given name, feminine form of Henri


Sara

a female given name, usually spelled Sarah