accorder

accorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accordant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
accordé (participle past)
accorde (first-person indicative present singular)
accordes (indicative present second-person singular)
accorde (indicative present singular third-person)
accordons (first-person indicative plural present)
accordez (indicative plural present second-person)
accordent (indicative plural present third-person)
accordais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accordais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accordait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accordions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accordiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accordaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accordai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
accordas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
accorda (historic indicative past singular third-person)
accordâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
accordâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
accordèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
accorderai (first-person future indicative singular)
accorderas (future indicative second-person singular)
accordera (future indicative singular third-person)
accorderons (first-person future indicative plural)
accorderez (future indicative plural second-person)
accorderont (future indicative plural third-person)
accorderais (conditional first-person singular)
accorderais (conditional second-person singular)
accorderait (conditional singular third-person)
accorderions (conditional first-person plural)
accorderiez (conditional plural second-person)
accorderaient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
accorde (first-person present singular subjunctive)
accordes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
accorde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
accordions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
accordiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
accordent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
accordasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
accordasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accordât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accordassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
accordassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accordassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accorde (imperative second-person singular)
accordons (first-person imperative plural)
accordez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: acorda

Inherited from Middle French accorder, from Old French acorder, from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, derived from Latin cor (“heart”). By surface analysis, accord + -er.


interjection

Inherited from Old French interjection, borrowed from Latin interiectiōnem.


nature

Inherited from Middle French nature, Old French nature, borrowed from Latin nātūra.


argument

Borrowed from Latin argūmentum, from arguō (“prove, argue”).

(grammar) argument of a verb, phrase syntactically connected to a verb (object and subject)


finale

(grammar) final letter, final syllable (last letter of a word, or last syllable of a sentence)


article

→ Romanian: articol (partly)

→ Russian: артикль (artiklʹ)

Inherited from Old French article, borrowed from Latin articulus. Compare the inherited doublet orteil.


augment

L’augment syllabique consiste en l’addition d’une syllabe ; l’augment temporel, dans le changement d’une brève en longue.

Syllabic augment consists of the addition of a syllable; temporal augment in changing it from short to long.


instrumental

→ Turkish: enstrümantal

Learned borrowing from Late Latin īnstrūmentālis. By surface analysis, instrument + -al.

lbor

(grammar) instrumental case, instrumental


personne

Inherited from Middle French personne, from Old French persone, presonne, from Latin persona, of unknown, perhaps Etruscan, origin.

première personne

deuxième personne

troisième personne


mode

Inherited from Middle French mode, from Old French mode f, ultimately from Latin modus m. The masculine gender was reintroduced for some senses during the Middle French period under influence of the Latin. Doublet of mœuf.


final

fr-adj

final (feminine finale, masculine plural finals or finaux, feminine plural finales)

finale (feminine)
finals (masculine plural)
finaux (masculine plural)
finales (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: final

→ Turkish: final

(linguistics, grammar) expressing purpose


futur

Le verbe manger à la deuxième personne du singulier du futur simple donne: Tu mangeras.

The verb manger, in the second person singular future simple becomes: Tu mangeras (You will eat).


radical

Learned borrowing from Late Latin rādīcālis.


relative

Ellipsis of proposition subordonnée relative.

ellipsis

(grammar) relative clause, adjectival clause, adjective clause


voix

Inherited from Middle French voix, from Old French voiz, from Latin vōcem, accusative of vōx (“voice”), from Proto-Italic *wōks, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs.


genre

→ Bulgarian: жанр (žanr)

→ Dalmatian: genro

→ Danish: genre

→ Dutch: genre

→ English: genre

→ Finnish: genre

→ Franco-Provençal: janro

→ German: Genre

→ Macedonian: жанр (žanr)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: genre, sjanger

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: genre, sjanger

→ Persian: ژانر (žânr)

desctree

→ Russian: жанр (žanr)
→ Armenian: ժանր (žanr)
→ Estonian: žanr
→ Kazakh: жанр (janr)
→ Latvian: žanrs
→ Lithuanian: žanras
→ Turkmen: žanr
→ Uyghur: ژانىر (zhanir)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̏нр

Latin script: žȁnr

→ Swedish: genre

→ Ukrainian: жанр (žanr)

From Old French gen(d)re, borrowed from Latin genere. Sense 6 is a semantic loan from English gender.

semantic loan

Les mots français sont du genre masculin ou du genre féminin.

French words are either of masculine or feminine gender.

Huit choses arrivent au Verbe : Le Genre, le Mœuf, le Tems, la Personne, le Nombre, la Conjugaison, la Figure, ou la forme. Il y a cinq Genres de Verbes Personnels: l’Actif, le Passif, le Neutre, le Déponent & le Commun.

1742, Nova elementa seu rudimenta linguae latinae, page 52:


aspect

Borrowed from Latin aspectus. The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Russian вид (vid).

(grammar) aspect (grammatical quality of a verb)


incise

(grammar) a part of a sentence, set between em dashes


dislocation

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dislocātiōnem.

bor+

dislocation à droite

dislocation à gauche


interrogation

Borrowed from Latin interrogātiōnem. By surface analysis, interroger + -ation.


temps

Inherited from Old French temps and its variants, from Latin tempus.

en moins de temps qu’il ne faut pour le dire

un temps composé

un temps simple

changez le temps du verbe


masculin

fr-adj

masculin (feminine masculine, masculine plural masculins, feminine plural masculines)

masculine (feminine)
masculins (masculine plural)
masculines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French masculin, borrowed from Latin māsculīnus.


objet

Turkish: obje

Coordinate term: sujet


ellipse

Borrowed from Latin ellīpsis, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis).


proposition

From Latin prōpositiōnem (“statement, proposition”), from prōpōnō (“propose”), from pōnō (“place; assume”).


conjuguer

conjuguer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
conjuguant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
conjugué (participle past)
conjugue (first-person indicative present singular)
conjugues (indicative present second-person singular)
conjugue (indicative present singular third-person)
conjuguons (first-person indicative plural present)
conjuguez (indicative plural present second-person)
conjuguent (indicative plural present third-person)
conjuguais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
conjuguais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
conjuguait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
conjuguions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
conjuguiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
conjuguaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
conjuguai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
conjuguas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
conjugua (historic indicative past singular third-person)
conjuguâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
conjuguâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
conjuguèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
conjuguerai (first-person future indicative singular)
conjugueras (future indicative second-person singular)
conjuguera (future indicative singular third-person)
conjuguerons (first-person future indicative plural)
conjuguerez (future indicative plural second-person)
conjugueront (future indicative plural third-person)
conjuguerais (conditional first-person singular)
conjuguerais (conditional second-person singular)
conjuguerait (conditional singular third-person)
conjuguerions (conditional first-person plural)
conjugueriez (conditional plural second-person)
conjugueraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
conjugue (first-person present singular subjunctive)
conjugues (present second-person singular subjunctive)
conjugue (present singular subjunctive third-person)
conjuguions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
conjuguiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
conjuguent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
conjuguasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
conjuguasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conjuguât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conjuguassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
conjuguassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conjuguassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conjugue (imperative second-person singular)
conjuguons (first-person imperative plural)
conjuguez (imperative plural second-person)


conjugaison

From Middle French conjugaison, alteration of earlier conjugation, borrowed from Latin coniugātiōnem. Equivalent to conjuguer + -aison.


verbe

Learned borrowing from Latin verbum. Doublet of verve.


imparfait

fr-adj

imparfait (feminine imparfaite, masculine plural imparfaits, feminine plural imparfaites)

imparfaite (feminine)
imparfaits (masculine plural)
imparfaites (feminine plural)


imparfait

(grammar) the past imperfect, the imperfect or continuous past tense


régime

→ English: regime, régime

→ German: Regime

→ Ottoman Turkish: رژیم (rejim)

Turkish: rejim

→ Persian: رژیم (režim)

→ Urdu: رژیم (režim)

→ Arabic: رجيم (rejim)

→ Romanian: regim

desctree

→ Russian: режи́м m (režím)
→ Azerbaijani: rejim
→ Kazakh: режим (rejim)


fini

fr-adj

fini (feminine finie, masculine plural finis, feminine plural finies)

finie (feminine)
finis (masculine plural)
finies (feminine plural)

(grammar) finite (inflected for person or number)


cas

Inherited from Old French cas, borrowed from Latin cāsus.


grammatical

grammatical (feminine grammaticale, masculine plural grammaticaux, feminine plural grammaticales)

grammaticale (feminine)
grammaticaux (masculine plural)
grammaticales (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French grammatical, from Late Latin grammaticālis.


passé simple

Je comprends que je manque de maîtrise / Mais heureusement, j’assume mes bêtises / Votre passé simple n’est pas si simple

2023, “French Kiss”, performed by Chilly Gonzales:

I understand that I lack control / But fortunately, I take responsibility for my mistakes / Your simple past is not so simple

(grammar) past historic tense, a tense used in some languages (such as French and Italian) in narrative, roughly equivalent to the simple past or preterite in English


sujet

→ Macedonian: сиже́ (sižé)

desctree

→ Russian: сюже́т (sjužét)
→ Kazakh: сюжет (süjet)

→ Serbo-Croatian: sìžē, сѝже̄

→ Slovak: sujet

→ Turkish: süje


parfait

Calque of Latin perfectus based on French par- + fait, inherited from Latin per- and factus respectively.


crase

From Ancient Greek κρᾶσις (krâsis, “mixture”).

der

La crase est très employée dans la conversation courante populaire.

Crasis is very often employed in modern colloquial conversation.

τοὐμόν, κἀγώ, κᾆτα sont les crases de τὸ ἐμόν, καὶ ἐγώ, καὶ εἶτα

τοὐμόν, κἀγώ, κᾆτα are the crasic forms of τὸ ἐμόν, καὶ ἐγώ, καὶ εἶτα

(linguistics) crasis (contraction of a vowel at the end of a word with the start of the next word), (especially) in Ancient Greek


racine

Inherited from Old French *raicine, from Late Latin rādīcīna (“root”), from Latin rādīx, rādīcis (“root”), from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

jardin des racines grecques

les racines latines en français


présent

fr-adj

présent (feminine présente, masculine plural présents, feminine plural présentes)

présente (feminine)
présents (masculine plural)
présentes (feminine plural)


présent

(dated outside Louisiana and Acadia) gift; present


subordination

Borrowed from Late Latin subordinātiōnem. See also subordonner and -ation.


copule

Borrowed from Latin copula. Doublet of couple.


renverser

renverser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
renversant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
renversé (participle past)
renverse (first-person indicative present singular)
renverses (indicative present second-person singular)
renverse (indicative present singular third-person)
renversons (first-person indicative plural present)
renversez (indicative plural present second-person)
renversent (indicative plural present third-person)
renversais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
renversais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
renversait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
renversions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
renversiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
renversaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
renversai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
renversas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
renversa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
renversâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
renversâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
renversèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
renverserai (first-person future indicative singular)
renverseras (future indicative second-person singular)
renversera (future indicative singular third-person)
renverserons (first-person future indicative plural)
renverserez (future indicative plural second-person)
renverseront (future indicative plural third-person)
renverserais (conditional first-person singular)
renverserais (conditional second-person singular)
renverserait (conditional singular third-person)
renverserions (conditional first-person plural)
renverseriez (conditional plural second-person)
renverseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
renverse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
renverses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
renverse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
renversions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
renversiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
renversent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
renversasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
renversasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
renversât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
renversassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
renversassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
renversassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
renverse (imperative second-person singular)
renversons (first-person imperative plural)
renversez (imperative plural second-person)

From re- + Old French enverser, the latter from Latin inversāre.

(transitive, grammar) to invert (change the positions of words in a sentence)


conditionnel

Borrowed from Medieval Latin conditiōnālis (“conditional”), from conditiō (“condition”).

(linguistics, grammar) conditional, the conditional mood or the conditional tense


neutre

Inherited from Old French neutre, from Latin neuter.


participe présent

fr-noun

participe présent m (plural participes présents)


singulier

fr-adj

singulier (feminine singulière, masculine plural singuliers, feminine plural singulières)

singulière (feminine)
singuliers (masculine plural)
singulières (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin singulāris. Doublet of sanglier.


grammaire

→ Turkish: gramer

From Middle French grammaire, from Old French grammère, itself from Latin grammatica.

La grammaire française est très complexe.

(uncountable) grammar (the study of the morphological and syntactic rules of a language)


compteur

→ Khmer: កុងទ័រ (kongtɔə)

→ Lombard: contoeur

→ Malagasy: kaontera

→ Piedmontese: conteur

→ Vietnamese: công tơ

From compter (“to count”) + -eur (“-er”). Doublet of conteur. Compare comptoir.


adnominal

adnominal (feminine adnominale, masculine plural adnominaux, feminine plural adnominales)

adnominale (feminine)
adnominaux (masculine plural)
adnominales (feminine plural)


substantif

substantif (feminine substantive, masculine plural substantifs, feminine plural substantives)

substantive (feminine)
substantifs (masculine plural)
substantives (feminine plural)

From Late Latin substantīvum, neuter singular of substantīvus (“substantive”), from substantia (“substance, essence”).


actif

actif (feminine active, masculine plural actifs, feminine plural actives)

active (feminine)
actifs (masculine plural)
actives (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French actif, from Latin āctīvus.

la voix active


actif

→ Turkish: aktif


indicatif

Inherited from Old French indicatif, a borrowing from Late Latin indicātīvus.


gérondif

From Latin gerundīvus (“of a gerund”), from gerundium (“gerund”), from gerundus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).

(grammar) a syntactical construction of French composed of the present participle preceded with the preposition en, used to express simultaneity or manner; an adverbial participle


épithète

From Middle French épithète, from Latin epithetum, epitheton, from Ancient Greek ἐπίθετον (epítheton, “epithet, adjective”), the neuter of ἐπίθετος (epíthetos, “attributed, added”), from ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi, “to add on”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “in addition”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, to do”)).

der

attributive adjective
attributive adjective

(linguistics, grammar) Refers to a descriptive word or phrase that modifies a nominal element without an intervening verb.


subjonctif

Borrowed from Latin subiunctivus, with /un/ replaced by /on/ (> /ɔ̃/) per the traditional French pronunciation of Latin.


participe passé

fr-noun

participe passé m (plural participes passés)

participe passé passif


passé surcomposé

passé surcomposé m (plural passés surcomposés)

(grammar) a past tense using two auxiliary verbs to conjugate


accusatif

Borrowed from Latin (cāsus) accūsātīvus.


anomal

fr-adj

anomal (feminine anomale, masculine plural anomaux, feminine plural anomales)

anomale (feminine)
anomaux (masculine plural)
anomales (feminine plural)

From Latin anōmalos, from Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos, “uneven, irregular, anomalous”).


affixer

affixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
affixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
affixé (participle past)
affixe (first-person indicative present singular)
affixes (indicative present second-person singular)
affixe (indicative present singular third-person)
affixons (first-person indicative plural present)
affixez (indicative plural present second-person)
affixent (indicative plural present third-person)
affixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
affixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
affixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
affixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
affixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
affixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
affixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
affixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
affixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
affixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
affixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
affixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
affixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
affixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
affixera (future indicative singular third-person)
affixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
affixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
affixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
affixerais (conditional first-person singular)
affixerais (conditional second-person singular)
affixerait (conditional singular third-person)
affixerions (conditional first-person plural)
affixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
affixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
affixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
affixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
affixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
affixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
affixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
affixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
affixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
affixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
affixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
affixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
affixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
affixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
affixe (imperative second-person singular)
affixons (first-person imperative plural)
affixez (imperative plural second-person)


analyser

analyser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
analysant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
analysé (participle past)
analyse (first-person indicative present singular)
analyses (indicative present second-person singular)
analyse (indicative present singular third-person)
analysons (first-person indicative plural present)
analysez (indicative plural present second-person)
analysent (indicative plural present third-person)
analysais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
analysais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
analysait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
analysions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
analysiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
analysaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
analysai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
analysas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
analysa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
analysâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
analysâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
analysèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
analyserai (first-person future indicative singular)
analyseras (future indicative second-person singular)
analysera (future indicative singular third-person)
analyserons (first-person future indicative plural)
analyserez (future indicative plural second-person)
analyseront (future indicative plural third-person)
analyserais (conditional first-person singular)
analyserais (conditional second-person singular)
analyserait (conditional singular third-person)
analyserions (conditional first-person plural)
analyseriez (conditional plural second-person)
analyseraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
analyse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
analyses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
analyse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
analysions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
analysiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
analysent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
analysasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
analysasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
analysât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
analysassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
analysassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
analysassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
analyse (imperative second-person singular)
analysons (first-person imperative plural)
analysez (imperative plural second-person)

→ Romanian: analiza

(grammar, transitive) to parse, to construe


réfléchi

fr-adj

réfléchi (feminine réfléchie, masculine plural réfléchis, feminine plural réfléchies)

réfléchie (feminine)
réfléchis (masculine plural)
réfléchies (feminine plural)


intransitif

intransitif (feminine intransitive, masculine plural intransitifs, feminine plural intransitives)

intransitive (feminine)
intransitifs (masculine plural)
intransitives (feminine plural)

(grammar, of a verb) intransitive (not taking a direct object)


verbe pronominal

fr-noun

verbe pronominal m (plural verbes pronominaux)

verbe pronominal réfléchi

verbes pronominaux réciproques

verbe pronominal à sens passif

Le verbe « s’amuser » est un verbe pronominal. ― The verb s'amuser is a pronominal verb.

(grammar) pronominal verb, reflexive verb (verb that is conjugated with a personal pronoun complement, the partner, taking up the subject)


ablatif

Borrowed from Latin (cāsus) ablātīvus (“ablative case, ablative”), from ablātus (“taken away”), from auferō (“to take away”).

bor+

(linguistics, uncountable) ablative, ablative case


transitif

fr-adj

transitif (feminine transitive, masculine plural transitifs, feminine plural transitives)

transitive (feminine)
transitifs (masculine plural)
transitives (feminine plural)

(grammar; of a verb) transitive (that takes an object or objects)


vocatif

Inherited from Middle French vocatif, borrowed from grammatical Latin vocātīvus.


comparatif

Inherited from Old French comparatif, borrowed from Latin comparātīvus, from comparō (“to compare”) + -īvus.

un comparatif de supériorité, le comparatif d’infériorité, et celui d’égalité

comparative (a grammatical structure used to compare or contrast)

Quatre mots français, dont trois adjectifs et un adverbe, ont un comparatif irrégulier.

comparative (a word, particularly an adjective or adverb, in comparative form)


décliner

décliner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
déclinant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
décliné (participle past)
décline (first-person indicative present singular)
déclines (indicative present second-person singular)
décline (indicative present singular third-person)
déclinons (first-person indicative plural present)
déclinez (indicative plural present second-person)
déclinent (indicative plural present third-person)
déclinais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
déclinais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
déclinait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
déclinions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
décliniez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
déclinaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
déclinai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
déclinas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
déclina (historic indicative past singular third-person)
déclinâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
déclinâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
déclinèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
déclinerai (first-person future indicative singular)
déclineras (future indicative second-person singular)
déclinera (future indicative singular third-person)
déclinerons (first-person future indicative plural)
déclinerez (future indicative plural second-person)
déclineront (future indicative plural third-person)
déclinerais (conditional first-person singular)
déclinerais (conditional second-person singular)
déclinerait (conditional singular third-person)
déclinerions (conditional first-person plural)
déclineriez (conditional plural second-person)
déclineraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
décline (first-person present singular subjunctive)
déclines (present second-person singular subjunctive)
décline (present singular subjunctive third-person)
déclinions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
décliniez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
déclinent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
déclinasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
déclinasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
déclinât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
déclinassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
déclinassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
déclinassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
décline (imperative second-person singular)
déclinons (first-person imperative plural)
déclinez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French decliner, borrowed from Latin dēclīnāre.


infinitif

infinitif (feminine infinitive, masculine plural infinitifs, feminine plural infinitives)

infinitive (feminine)
infinitifs (masculine plural)
infinitives (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin īnfīnītīvus [modus].

proposition infinitive


infinitif

(grammar) infinitive (uninflected verb form)


thème

Learned borrowing from Latin thema, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Coordinate term: désinence

Near-synonym: radical

Dans la forme verbale jouons, jou- est le thème, et -ons la désinence.

In the verb jouons, jou- is the stem and the ending is -ons.

(grammar) stem of (usually) a noun or verb, to which inflectional endings are attached


déclinaison

Inherited from Middle French declinaison, from Latin dēclīnātiōnem. By surface analysis, décliner + -aison.

inh+

(grammar) declension (inflection of a noun, pronoun or adjective)


datif

→ Turkish: datif


partie du discours

fr-noun

partie du discours f (plural parties du discours)

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-partie du discours.wav


impersonnel

fr-adj

impersonnel (feminine impersonnelle, masculine plural impersonnels, feminine plural impersonnelles)

impersonnelle (feminine)
impersonnels (masculine plural)
impersonnelles (feminine plural)


prépositionnel

prépositionnel (feminine prépositionnelle, masculine plural prépositionnels, feminine plural prépositionnelles)

prépositionnelle (feminine)
prépositionnels (masculine plural)
prépositionnelles (feminine plural)


pronom relatif

fr-noun

pronom relatif m (plural pronoms relatifs)


épicène

From Latin epicoenus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίκοινος (epíkoinos).

Camille, Claude, Dominique, Maxime ou Christel sont des prénoms épicènes.

Camille, Claude, Dominique, Maxime, and Christel are gender-neutral given names.

Les noms du genre épicène sont des noms d’animaux, qui, sous une même terminaison, sont invariablement d’un même genre déterminé, quoiqu’ils servent à exprimer les individus des deux sexes.

1835, Napoléon Landais, Grammaire : résumé général de toutes les grammaires françaises, page 222:

The nouns of epicene gender are names of animals, which, with the same ending, are invariably of the same determined gender, although they serve to express individuals of both sexes.

epicene (lacking gender distinction); neuter, gender-neutral


circonfixe

circumfix (affix with both a prefixing and suffixing part)


première personne

(grammar) first person (the form of a verb used when the subject of a sentence is making the statement)


deuxième personne

second person (the form of a verb used when the subject of a sentence is the audience)


irrégulier

fr-adj

irrégulier (feminine irrégulière, masculine plural irréguliers, feminine plural irrégulières)

irrégulière (feminine)
irréguliers (masculine plural)
irrégulières (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French irregulier, a borrowing from Late Latin irrēgulāris.


régulier

régulier (feminine régulière, masculine plural réguliers, feminine plural régulières)

régulière (feminine)
réguliers (masculine plural)
régulières (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French reguler, borrowed from Late Latin regulāris.


cas sujet

(grammar, especially Old French) subjective case, subject case


cas régime

(grammar, especially Old French) objective case, object case


accordé

accordé (feminine accordée, masculine plural accordés, feminine plural accordées)

accordée (feminine)
accordés (masculine plural)
accordées (feminine plural)

(grammar) agreeing, which agrees with its subject


attribut

Borrowed from Medieval Latin attribūtum.

adjectif attribut

Dans la phrase "Marc est le frère de Paul", "le frère de Paul" est l’attribut du sujet "Marc".

In the sentence "Marc is Paul's brother", "Paul's brother" is the complement of the subject "Marc".

Du point de vue des fonctions syntaxiques, les verbes d’état sont ceux qui définissent un sujet et son attribut.


suffixer

suffixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
suffixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
suffixé (participle past)
suffixe (first-person indicative present singular)
suffixes (indicative present second-person singular)
suffixe (indicative present singular third-person)
suffixons (first-person indicative plural present)
suffixez (indicative plural present second-person)
suffixent (indicative plural present third-person)
suffixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
suffixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
suffixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
suffixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
suffixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
suffixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
suffixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
suffixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
suffixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
suffixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
suffixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
suffixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
suffixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
suffixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
suffixera (future indicative singular third-person)
suffixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
suffixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
suffixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
suffixerais (conditional first-person singular)
suffixerais (conditional second-person singular)
suffixerait (conditional singular third-person)
suffixerions (conditional first-person plural)
suffixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
suffixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
suffixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
suffixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
suffixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
suffixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
suffixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
suffixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
suffixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
suffixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
suffixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
suffixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
suffixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
suffixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
suffixe (imperative second-person singular)
suffixons (first-person imperative plural)
suffixez (imperative plural second-person)


préfixer

préfixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
préfixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
préfixé (participle past)
préfixe (first-person indicative present singular)
préfixes (indicative present second-person singular)
préfixe (indicative present singular third-person)
préfixons (first-person indicative plural present)
préfixez (indicative plural present second-person)
préfixent (indicative plural present third-person)
préfixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
préfixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
préfixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
préfixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
préfixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
préfixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
préfixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
préfixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
préfixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
préfixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
préfixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
préfixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
préfixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
préfixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
préfixera (future indicative singular third-person)
préfixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
préfixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
préfixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
préfixerais (conditional first-person singular)
préfixerais (conditional second-person singular)
préfixerait (conditional singular third-person)
préfixerions (conditional first-person plural)
préfixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
préfixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
préfixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
préfixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
préfixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
préfixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
préfixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
préfixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
préfixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
préfixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
préfixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
préfixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
préfixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
préfixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
préfixe (imperative second-person singular)
préfixons (first-person imperative plural)
préfixez (imperative plural second-person)


passé composé

fr-noun

passé composé m (plural passés composés)

Literally, “compound past”, because, unlike the imparfait and passé simple, which use endings and/or root flexion, it uses an auxiliary verb and the past participle.

a past tense in French grammar, to express a completed ('perfect') action


hétéroclite

Borrowed from Late Latin heteroclitos, from Ancient Greek ἑτερόκλιτος (heteróklitos).


superlatif

Inherited from Old French superlatif, borrowed from Late Latin superlātīvus, from Latin superlātus (“extravagant, of hyperbole”), past participle of superfero (“carry over”), from super (“above”) + fero (“bear, carry”).


superlatif

fr-adj

superlatif (feminine superlative, masculine plural superlatifs, feminine plural superlatives)

superlative (feminine)
superlatifs (masculine plural)
superlatives (feminine plural)


subordonné

subordonné (feminine subordonnée, masculine plural subordonnés, feminine plural subordonnées)

subordonnée (feminine)
subordonnés (masculine plural)
subordonnées (feminine plural)

proposition subordonnée


particule

Borrowed from Latin particula. Doublet of parcelle.


périphrastique

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περιφραστικός (periphrastikós).

bor+

περιφραστικός

(grammar, of a tense) periphrastic (formed by a combination of words rather than morphemes)


déterminant possessif

fr-noun

déterminant possessif m (plural déterminants possessifs)

possessive determiner
possessive determiner


impératif

Inherited from Old French imperatif, borrowed from Latin imperātīvus.


bitransitif

fr-adj

bitransitif (feminine bitransitive, masculine plural bitransitifs, feminine plural bitransitives)

bitransitive (feminine)
bitransitifs (masculine plural)
bitransitives (feminine plural)


itératif

itératif (feminine itérative, masculine plural itératifs, feminine plural itératives)

itérative (feminine)
itératifs (masculine plural)
itératives (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin iterativus, from Latin iteratus.

lbor

Coordinate term: sémelfactif

(grammar) iterative (expressive of an action that is repeated with frequency)


infixer

infixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
infixant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
infixé (participle past)
infixe (first-person indicative present singular)
infixes (indicative present second-person singular)
infixe (indicative present singular third-person)
infixons (first-person indicative plural present)
infixez (indicative plural present second-person)
infixent (indicative plural present third-person)
infixais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
infixais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
infixait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
infixions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
infixiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
infixaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
infixai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
infixas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
infixa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
infixâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
infixâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
infixèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
infixerai (first-person future indicative singular)
infixeras (future indicative second-person singular)
infixera (future indicative singular third-person)
infixerons (first-person future indicative plural)
infixerez (future indicative plural second-person)
infixeront (future indicative plural third-person)
infixerais (conditional first-person singular)
infixerais (conditional second-person singular)
infixerait (conditional singular third-person)
infixerions (conditional first-person plural)
infixeriez (conditional plural second-person)
infixeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
infixe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
infixes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
infixe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
infixions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
infixiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
infixent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
infixasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
infixasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
infixât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
infixassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
infixassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
infixassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
infixe (imperative second-person singular)
infixons (first-person imperative plural)
infixez (imperative plural second-person)


perfectif

fr-adj

perfectif (feminine perfective, masculine plural perfectifs, feminine plural perfectives)

perfective (feminine)
perfectifs (masculine plural)
perfectives (feminine plural)


partitif

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin partītīvus, from Latin partītus + -īvus.


ergatif

fr-adj

ergatif (feminine ergative, masculine plural ergatifs, feminine plural ergatives)

ergative (feminine)
ergatifs (masculine plural)
ergatives (feminine plural)


défectif

défectif (feminine défective, masculine plural défectifs, feminine plural défectives)

défective (feminine)
défectifs (masculine plural)
défectives (feminine plural)

Le verbe falloir est défectif.

(grammar) defective (said of a verb that does not conjugate itself at all, does not conjugate itself anymore, or that only conjugates itself in certain persons or in certain tenses)


auxiliaire

Borrowed from Latin auxiliāris, from auxilium (“help”).


auxiliaire

22 octobre 44 – Deux êtres qui se prêtent l’un à l’autre pour leur mieux-être. Et Kurt n’en tirait pas vanité. Je crois que c’est ce détail-là qui m’a libérée : je n’ai pas été eue… Si j’ose employer trois auxiliaires de suite!

1962, Benoîte Groult, Flora Groult, Journal à quatre mains [Four-Hand Diary], Éditions Denoël, page 364:

22 October 44 – Two beings who lend themselves to each other for their well-being. And Kurt did not take pride in it. I believe that it is that detail that has liberated me: I have not been had…. If I dare to use three auxiliaries in a row!

«Ça humait l’accord du participe passé avec l’auxiliaire avoir quand le complément d’objet est placé sans devant derrière.»

1987, Dominique Lemaire, Le trèfle à quat’feuilles [The Four-Leaf Clover], Éditions L’Age d’Homme, page 29:

“It smelled the agreement of the past participle with the auxiliary avoir when the object complement is placed backwards.”

Ça s’appelle le «conditionnel». Et là tu verras que certains verbes se conjuguent avec l’auxiliaire «avoir» et d’autres avec l’auxiliaire «être». Ça ne se fait pas à pouf.

2014, Bernard Marlière, “Si j’aurais resté à la RTBF [If I had stayed at RTBF]”, in Anthologie de l’humour belge : Du Prince de Ligne à Philippe Geluck [Anthology of Belgian Humour: From the Prince of Ligne to Philippe Geluck], Éditions Jourdan:

It is called the “conditional”. And there you will see that certain verbs conjugate themselves with the auxiliary “avoir” and others with the auxiliary “être”. It does not happen at random.

En espéranto, esti est le seul auxiliaire. — En latin vulgaire, habere est devenu auxiliaire ; mais, en latin classique, seul esse jouait ce rôle.

(Can we date this quote?), (Please provide the book title or journal name):

In Esperanto, esti is the only auxiliary. — In Vulgar Latin, habere has become auxiliary; but, in Classical Latin, only esse played this role.

(grammar) a helping verb, an auxiliary verb (verb that, having lost its literal meaning, joins itself to a certain form of another verb, for example to a past participle, to show a grammatical feature such as tense, voice, aspect, etc. In French, avoir and être are tense auxiliaries)


parataxe

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παράταξις (parátaxis, “placement side by side”).


article défini

fr-noun

article défini m (plural articles définis)


article indéfini

article indéfini m (plural articles indéfinis)


indéfini

fr-adj

indéfini (feminine indéfinie, masculine plural indéfinis, feminine plural indéfinies)

indéfinie (feminine)
indéfinis (masculine plural)
indéfinies (feminine plural)


subordonnée

les subordonnées circonstancielles


attributif

attributif (feminine attributive, masculine plural attributifs, feminine plural attributives)

attributive (feminine)
attributifs (masculine plural)
attributives (feminine plural)

un complément attributif


verbe transitif

fr-noun

verbe transitif m (plural verbes transitifs)

(grammar) transitive verb (verb governing at least one complement. 1. Direct transitive verb, whose main complement is not introduced by a preposition. 2. Indirect transitive verb, whose main complement is introduced by a preposition)


verbe intransitif

verbe intransitif m (plural verbes intransitifs)

« Évoluer », « innover », « progresser » sont de bons exemples de verbes intransitifs. Dans les emplois modernes, on ne peut pas évoluer, ni innover, ni progresser quelque chose.
“Évoluer”, “innover”, “progresser” are good examples of intransitive verbs. In modern uses, one cannot évoluer, innover, nor progresser something

direct object complement
direct object complement

circumstantial complement
circumstantial complement

(grammar) intransitive verb (verb that never has a direct object complement or indirect object complement, and is only used with circumstantial complements)


classe lexicale

classe lexicale f (plural classes lexicales)


fréquentatif

frequentative (subclass of imperfective verbs that denotes a continuously repeated action)


possessif

possessive adjective
possessive adjective

(grammar) possessive pronoun (broad sense); possessive pronoun (strict sense) or possessive adjective)


classificateur

classificateur m (plural classificateurs, feminine classificatrice)

classificateurs (plural)
classificatrice (feminine)


pronom démonstratif

pronom démonstratif m (plural pronoms démonstratifs)

demonstrative pronoun
demonstrative pronoun

(grammar) demonstrative pronoun (pronoun which replaces a noun)


agrammatical

fr-adj

agrammatical (feminine agrammaticale, masculine plural agrammaticaux, feminine plural agrammaticales)

agrammaticale (feminine)
agrammaticaux (masculine plural)
agrammaticales (feminine plural)


explétif

explétif (feminine explétive, masculine plural explétifs, feminine plural explétives)

explétive (feminine)
explétifs (masculine plural)
explétives (feminine plural)


antériorité

(grammar) anteriority (precedence in time)


circonstanciel

circonstanciel (feminine circonstancielle, masculine plural circonstanciels, feminine plural circonstancielles)

circonstancielle (feminine)
circonstanciels (masculine plural)
circonstancielles (feminine plural)

From circonstance (“circumstance”) + -iel.

une proposition subordonnée circonstancielle


circonstancielle

fr-noun

circonstancielle f (plural circonstancielles)

Ellipsis of proposition subordonnée circonstancielle.


dérivation

(linguistics, linguistic morphology, grammar, lexicography) derivation


factitif

fr-adj

factitif (feminine factitive, masculine plural factitifs, feminine plural factitives)

factitive (feminine)
factitifs (masculine plural)
factitives (feminine plural)

Il faut distinguer forme factitive du verbe et son sens factitif. Ainsi, un verbe comme « construire » peut être employé dans un sens factitif: Pierre construit une maison en banlieue. [Il la construit lui-même, ou il la fait construire, selon le cas].

It is necessary to distinguish between the factitive form of the verb and its factitive meaning. In this way, a verb such as “construire” can be used in a factitive sense: Pierre is building a house in the suburbs. [He builds it himself, or he has it built, depending on the case].

(grammar) causative; factitive (said of a verb where the subject is made to do the action)


factitif

Le factitif s’applique à un verbe transitif et indique que le sujet fait effectuer une action par un autre agent que lui-même.

The factitive applies itself to a transitive verb and indicates that the subject has an action performed by an agent other than itself.

(grammar) causative; factitive (verbal mode where the subject causes the action to be done)


prépositif

prépositif (feminine prépositive, masculine plural prépositifs, feminine plural prépositives)

prépositive (feminine)
prépositifs (masculine plural)
prépositives (feminine plural)


inanimé

inanimé (feminine inanimée, masculine plural inanimés, feminine plural inanimées)

inanimée (feminine)
inanimés (masculine plural)
inanimées (feminine plural)


conjonctif

conjonctif (feminine conjonctive, masculine plural conjonctifs, feminine plural conjonctives)

conjonctive (feminine)
conjonctifs (masculine plural)
conjonctives (feminine plural)


passiver

passiver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
passivant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
passivé (participle past)
passive (first-person indicative present singular)
passives (indicative present second-person singular)
passive (indicative present singular third-person)
passivons (first-person indicative plural present)
passivez (indicative plural present second-person)
passivent (indicative plural present third-person)
passivais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passivais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passivait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passivions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
passiviez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
passivaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passivai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
passivas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
passiva (historic indicative past singular third-person)
passivâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
passivâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
passivèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
passiverai (first-person future indicative singular)
passiveras (future indicative second-person singular)
passivera (future indicative singular third-person)
passiverons (first-person future indicative plural)
passiverez (future indicative plural second-person)
passiveront (future indicative plural third-person)
passiverais (conditional first-person singular)
passiverais (conditional second-person singular)
passiverait (conditional singular third-person)
passiverions (conditional first-person plural)
passiveriez (conditional plural second-person)
passiveraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
passive (first-person present singular subjunctive)
passives (present second-person singular subjunctive)
passive (present singular subjunctive third-person)
passivions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
passiviez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
passivent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
passivasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
passivasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
passivât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
passivassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
passivassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
passivassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
passive (imperative second-person singular)
passivons (first-person imperative plural)
passivez (imperative plural second-person)


nom collectif

fr-noun

nom collectif m (plural noms collectifs)


optatif

fr-adj

optatif (feminine optative, masculine plural optatifs, feminine plural optatives)

optative (feminine)
optatifs (masculine plural)
optatives (feminine plural)


distributif

(grammar) distributive, distributive case


déverbatif

déverbatif (feminine déverbative, masculine plural déverbatifs, feminine plural déverbatives)

déverbative (feminine)
déverbatifs (masculine plural)
déverbatives (feminine plural)


conclusif

conclusif (feminine conclusive, masculine plural conclusifs, feminine plural conclusives)

conclusive (feminine)
conclusifs (masculine plural)
conclusives (feminine plural)

une conjonction conclusive


adverbal

adverbal (feminine adverbale, masculine plural adverbaux, feminine plural adverbales)

adverbale (feminine)
adverbaux (masculine plural)
adverbales (feminine plural)


conjonction de subordination

fr-noun

conjonction de subordination f (plural conjonctions de subordination)

LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-conjonction de subordination.wav

Coordinate term: conjonction de coordination

subordinating conjunction
subordinating conjunction


conjonction de coordination

conjonction de coordination f (plural conjonctions de coordination)

LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-conjonction de coordination.wav

Coordinate term: conjonction de subordination

coordinating conjunction
coordinating conjunction


nom adjectif

(grammar) noun adjective, adjective noun, adjective


nom d'agent

nom d’ agent (canonical masculine)
noms d’agent (plural)

/nɔ̃ d‿a.ʒɑ̃/


nom dénombrable

nom dénombrable m (plural noms dénombrables)


nom épithète

(grammar) noun adjunct, attributive noun


nom de temps

/nɔ̃ də tɑ̃/


nom indénombrable

nom indénombrable m (plural noms indénombrables)


nom substantif

nom substantif m (plural noms substantifs)


adversatif

fr-adj

adversatif (feminine adversative, masculine plural adversatifs, feminine plural adversatives)

adversative (feminine)
adversatifs (masculine plural)
adversatives (feminine plural)


mœuf

Dictionnaire de la langue française
Émile Littré

Inherited from Latin modus. Doublet of mode. Compare French soif from Latin sitis.


appellatif

appellatif (feminine appellative, masculine plural appellatifs, feminine plural appellatives)

appellative (feminine)
appellatifs (masculine plural)
appellatives (feminine plural)


pluriel brisé

fr-noun

pluriel brisé m (plural pluriels brisés)

Calque of Arabic جَمْع مُكَسَّر (jamʕ mukassar).

calque

جَمْع مُكَسَّر


postposer

postposer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
postposant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
postposé (participle past)
postpose (first-person indicative present singular)
postposes (indicative present second-person singular)
postpose (indicative present singular third-person)
postposons (first-person indicative plural present)
postposez (indicative plural present second-person)
postposent (indicative plural present third-person)
postposais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
postposais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
postposait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
postposions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
postposiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
postposaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
postposai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
postposas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
postposa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
postposâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
postposâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
postposèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
postposerai (first-person future indicative singular)
postposeras (future indicative second-person singular)
postposera (future indicative singular third-person)
postposerons (first-person future indicative plural)
postposerez (future indicative plural second-person)
postposeront (future indicative plural third-person)
postposerais (conditional first-person singular)
postposerais (conditional second-person singular)
postposerait (conditional singular third-person)
postposerions (conditional first-person plural)
postposeriez (conditional plural second-person)
postposeraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
postpose (first-person present singular subjunctive)
postposes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
postpose (present singular subjunctive third-person)
postposions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
postposiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
postposent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
postposasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
postposasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
postposât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
postposassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
postposassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
postposassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
postpose (imperative second-person singular)
postposons (first-person imperative plural)
postposez (imperative plural second-person)


protase

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πρότασις (prótasis).

lbor

Coordinate term: apodose


métonyme

From Ancient Greek μετώνυμος (metṓnumos).


grammaire de dépendance

fr-noun

grammaire de dépendance f (plural grammaires de dépendance)


déterminatif

fr-adj

déterminatif (feminine déterminative, masculine plural déterminatifs, feminine plural déterminatives)

déterminative (feminine)
déterminatifs (masculine plural)
déterminatives (feminine plural)


concordance des temps

(grammar) sequence of tenses, consecutio temporum, tense harmony


apodose

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπόδοσις (apódosis).


résultatif

fr-adj

résultatif (feminine résultative, masculine plural résultatifs, feminine plural résultatives)

résultative (feminine)
résultatifs (masculine plural)
résultatives (feminine plural)


connotatif

connotatif (feminine connotative, masculine plural connotatifs, feminine plural connotatives)

connotative (feminine)
connotatifs (masculine plural)
connotatives (feminine plural)


négativité

(philosophy, psychology, grammar) negativity


dérivationnel

dérivationnel (feminine dérivationnelle, masculine plural dérivationnels, feminine plural dérivationnelles)

dérivationnelle (feminine)
dérivationnels (masculine plural)
dérivationnelles (feminine plural)


discours direct

fr-noun

discours direct m (usually uncountable, plural discours directs)


discours indirect

discours indirect m (usually uncountable, plural discours indirects)

(grammar, narratology) reported speech, indirect speech


supplétion

Borrowed from English suppletion, itself a calque from German Suppletivwesen.


unipersonnel

fr-adj

unipersonnel (feminine unipersonnelle, masculine plural unipersonnels, feminine plural unipersonnelles)

unipersonnelle (feminine)
unipersonnels (masculine plural)
unipersonnelles (feminine plural)


adpositionnel

adpositionnel (feminine adpositionnelle, masculine plural adpositionnels, feminine plural adpositionnelles)

adpositionnelle (feminine)
adpositionnels (masculine plural)
adpositionnelles (feminine plural)


temps primitif

fr-noun

temps primitif m (plural temps primitifs)

(grammar) principal part of a verb (any of the forms of a verb which contain its stem(s) in the simplest form, or such a form that, when taken with all the other principal parts (showing various inflections), allows the entire paradigm to be derived)


ambitransitif

fr-adj

ambitransitif (feminine ambitransitive, masculine plural ambitransitifs, feminine plural ambitransitives)

ambitransitive (feminine)
ambitransitifs (masculine plural)
ambitransitives (feminine plural)


prédicatif

prédicatif (feminine prédicative, masculine plural prédicatifs, feminine plural prédicatives)

prédicative (feminine)
prédicatifs (masculine plural)
prédicatives (feminine plural)


déictique

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δεικτικός (deiktikós, “capable of proof”).


grammaticalisation

fr-noun

grammaticalisation f (plural grammaticalisations)

Coined in 1912 by Antoine Meillet, from grammatical.


abus de langage

abus de langage m (plural abus de langage)

LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-abus de langage.wav

(grammar) malapropism (improper use of language, whether humorous or not)


question totale

question totale f (plural questions totales)

(grammar) yes-no question, polar question


question partielle

question partielle f (plural questions partielles)


pronom réfléchi

pronom réfléchi m (plural pronoms réfléchis)


objet indirect

objet indirect m (plural objets indirects)


complément d'objet indirect

complément d’objet indirect m (plural compléments d’objet indirects or compléments d’objets indirects or ompléments d’objet indirect)

complément d’ objet indirect (canonical masculine)
compléments d’objet indirects (plural)
compléments d’objets indirects (plural)
ompléments d’objet indirect (plural)


complément d'agent

complément d’agent m (plural compléments d’agent)

complément d’ agent (canonical masculine)
compléments d’agent (plural)


pronom personnel

pronom personnel m (plural pronoms personnels)


accusatif absolu

accusatif absolu m (plural accusatifs absolus)


génitif absolu

génitif absolu m (plural génitifs absolus)


ablatif absolu

ablatif absolu m (plural ablatifs absolus)


dislocation à gauche

dislocation à gauche f (plural dislocations à gauche)


dislocation à droite

dislocation à droite f (plural dislocations à droite)

(linguistics, grammar) right dislocation


datif éthique

datif éthique m (plural datifs éthiques)


complément d'objet direct

complément d’objet direct m (plural compléments d’objet directs or compléments d’objets directs or compléments d’objet direct)

complément d’ objet direct (canonical masculine)
compléments d’objet directs (plural)
compléments d’objets directs (plural)
compléments d’objet direct (plural)


nom concret

/nɔ̃ kɔ̃.kʁɛ/


verbe auxiliaire

verbe auxiliaire m (plural verbes auxiliaires)


phrase simple

phrase simple f (plural phrases simples)


phrase complexe

phrase complexe f (plural phrases complexes)


surdéclinaison

surdéclinaison f (plural surdéclinaisons)


superordonné

fr-adj

superordonné (feminine superordonnée, masculine plural superordonnés, feminine plural superordonnées)

superordonnée (feminine)
superordonnés (masculine plural)
superordonnées (feminine plural)

proposition superordonnée


cas grammatical

fr-noun

cas grammatical m (plural cas grammaticaux)


complément du nom

complément du nom m (plural compléments du nom)

LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-complément du nom.wav


temps primaire

temps primaire m (plural temps primaires)


temps secondaire

temps secondaire m (plural temps secondaires)


pro-verbe

Selon la classe du terme sur lequel porte l’interrogation, on distingue des déterminants, des pronoms, et des adverbes interrogatifs. Le groupment que + le verbe faire tient lieu de verbe interrogatif (pro-verbe*).

1986, Michel Arrivé, Françoise Gadet, Michel Galmiche, La grammaire d'aujourd'hui: guide alphabétique de linguistique française, Flammarion, →ISBN, page 344:

Depending on the class to which the interrogative belongs, we distinguish between determinants, pronouns, and interrogative adverbs. The combination of que and the verb faire can substitute for an interrogative verb (pro-verb).


adverbe interrogatif

adverbe interrogatif m (plural adverbes interrogatifs)

interrogative adverb
interrogative adverb


pronom interrogatif

pronom interrogatif m (plural pronoms interrogatifs)

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun


sujet réel

Coordinate term: sujet grammatical

syntactical subject
syntactical subject#English

(linguistics, grammar) semantic subject (the true agent of an action, as opposed to the mere syntactical subject of a verb)


sujet grammatical

sujet grammatical m (plural sujets grammaticaux)

Coordinate term: sujet réel

(linguistics, grammar) syntactical subject (as opposed to semantic subject)


inchoatif

fr-adj

inchoatif (feminine inchoative, masculine plural inchoatifs, feminine plural inchoatives)

inchoative (feminine)
inchoatifs (masculine plural)
inchoatives (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin inchoātīvus.


postpositionnel

fr-adj

postpositionnel (feminine postpositionnelle, masculine plural postpositionnels, feminine plural postpositionnelles)

postpositionnelle (feminine)
postpositionnels (masculine plural)
postpositionnelles (feminine plural)


discours rapporté

fr-noun

discours rapporté m (usually uncountable, plural discours rapportés)


délocutif

fr-adj

délocutif (feminine délocutive, masculine plural délocutifs, feminine plural délocutives)

délocutive (feminine)
délocutifs (masculine plural)
délocutives (feminine plural)


nominatif absolu

fr-noun

nominatif absolu m (plural nominatifs absolus)


emploi absolu

emploi absolu m (plural emplois absolus)

absolute construction
absolute construction

(grammar) absolute construction (use of a syntagmic element independent of other elements that would typically be expected to accompany it, e.g., a transitive verb without a direct object or a comparative adjective without a relative complement)


verbe absolu

(grammar) A transitive verb that can be used without an object


verbe d'action

verbe d’action m (plural verbes d’action)

verbe d’ action (canonical masculine)
verbes d’action (plural)

Coordinate term: verbe d’état


verbe d'état

verbe d’ état (canonical masculine)
verbes d’état (plural)

Coordinate term: verbe d’action

Et comment a-t-on pu imaginer une source commune à deux natures aussi différentes, les verbes d’état et les verbes d’action.

1864, F.-P. Terzuolo, Études sur le Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française [Studies on the Dictionary of the French Academy], 2nd edition, page 79:

And how could one imagine a common source for two such different lexical categories, the stative verbs and the action verbs.

En hébreu, la forme verbale monosyllabique est caractéristique des verbes d’état, la forme dissyllabique des verbes d’action.

1980, Jan P. Lettinga, Grammaire de l’hébreu biblique [Biblical Hebrew Grammar], volume I, →ISBN, page 124:

In Hebrew, the monosyllabic verbal form is characteristic of stative verbs, the dissyllabic form of action verbs.

(grammar) stative verb (verb that expresses a state of the subject, not an action)


interrogative indirecte

interrogative indirecte f (plural interrogatives indirectes)

Ellipsis of proposition interrogative indirecte.

ellipsis

Coordinate term: interrogative directe


irréel du présent

fr-noun

irréel du présent m (plural irréels du présent)

Coordinate term: irréel du passé


irréel du passé

irréel du passé m (plural irréels du passé)

Coordinate term: irréel du présent


conditionnel présent

conditionnel présent m (countable and uncountable, plural conditionnels présents)

Coordinate term: conditionnel passé


interrogative directe

interrogative directe f (plural interrogatives directes)

Ellipsis of proposition interrogative directe.

ellipsis

Coordinate term: interrogative indirecte


conditionnel passé

fr-noun

conditionnel passé m (countable and uncountable, plural conditionnels passés)

Coordinate term: conditionnel présent


complément d'objet

complément d’objet m (plural compléments d’objet or compléments d’objets)

complément d’ objet (canonical masculine)
compléments d’objet (plural)
compléments d’objets (plural)


complément circonstanciel

complément circonstanciel m (plural compléments circonstanciels)

(grammar) circumstantial complement (a syntactic element describing place, time, manner, or a variety of other specific details related to a superordinate verbal element)


présent continu

Coordinate term: présent simple


déverbal

fr-adj

déverbal (feminine déverbale, masculine plural déverbaux, feminine plural déverbales)

déverbale (feminine)
déverbaux (masculine plural)
déverbales (feminine plural)

(linguistics, grammar) deverbal (which derives from a verb)

(linguistics, grammar) deverbal (derived from a verb)


déverbal

[…] on n’a pourtant jamais pris en considération le très caractéristique sut […], déverbal sans suffixe de suti […].

1952, Alphonse Juilland, “Extrait le vocabulaire argotique roumain d’origine tsigane [Extract Romanian Slang Vocabulary of Gypsy Origin]”, in Cahiers Sextil Puşcariu [Notebooks Sextil Puşcariu], Éditions Dacia:

[…] one has never yet taken into consideration the very characteristic sut […], deverbal without suffix of suti […].

(linguistics, grammar) deverbal (noun derived from and describing the action of a given verb)


présent progressif

Coordinate term: présent simple


complétif

complétif (feminine complétive, masculine plural complétifs, feminine plural complétives)

complétive (feminine)
complétifs (masculine plural)
complétives (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin complētīvus. By surface analysis, compléter + -if.

phrase complétive

un mot complétif

une subordonnée complétive introduite par « que »

a subordinate complement introduced with que

une complétive d’objet

Une complétive circonstancielle peut changer du tout au tout le sens d’une phrase donnée.

A circumstantial complement can entirely change the sense of a given phrase.

proposition complétive
proposition complétive

subordonée complétive
subordonée complétive

(nominalized in the feminine singular form complétive by ellipsis of proposition complétive or subordonée complétive) completive (a completive clause, a subordinate complement)


verbe de mouvement

fr-noun

verbe de mouvement m (plural verbes de mouvement)


verbe à particule

verbe à particule m (plural verbes à particule)

On retrouve cette structure de détermination dans le verbe à particule séparable, qui est une sorte de verbe composé. Dans abfahren, ab détermine à droite fahren et en précise le sens, […].

1998, Jean-Marc Pastré, Nouvelle grammaire de l’allemand [New German Grammar], Ophrys, →ISBN:

We find this structure of determination in the separable phrasal verb, which is a kind of compound verb. In abfahren, ab determines on the right fahren and specifies the meaning, […]

Remarque : lorsque le verbe à particule admet un gérondif comme complément, la particule ne peut être déplacée : He gave up smoking.

2008, Jean-Claude Souesme, 100 fiches de grammaire anglaise [100 English Grammar Cards], Bréal, →ISBN:

Note: when the phrasal verb admits a gerund as a complement, the particle cannot be moved: He gave up smoking.

(grammar) phrasal verb (compound word made up of a conjugating verb and a particle (invariable part other than a noun or a pronoun), such as get up in English and ankommen in German)


verbe actif

(grammar) active verb (verb with which the subject expresses an action)


verbe passif

Le participe passé d’un verbe passif s’accorde toujours avec le sujet.

The past participle of a passive verb always agrees with the subject.

(grammar) passive verb (verb with which the subject undergoes the action)


verbe de perception

verbe de perception m (plural verbes de perception)

(grammar) verb of perception, perception verb (verb expressing a perceptual experience of the subject)


verbe fort

(grammar) strong verb (verb with irregular conjugation in the Germanic languages)


verbe faible

(grammar) weak verb (verb with regular conjugation in the Germanic languages)


verbe impersonnel

verbe impersonnel m (plural verbes impersonnels)

"Pleuvoir" est un verbe impersonnel.

(grammar) impersonal verb (verb that only conjugates itself in the third-person singular)


verbe irrégulier

verbe irrégulier m (plural verbes irréguliers)

(grammar) irregular verb (verb with irregular conjugation)


verbe mixte

(grammar) mixed verb (in German, verb whose root undergoes vocalic alteration in the preterite and in the perfect tense, but for which the endings are the same as for weak verbs)


verbe léger

(grammar) light verb (verb without lexical meaning, accompanied by a noun signifying an action or a state. For example, faire in faire une inspection is a light verb, and one can simply say inspecter)


verbe régulier

verbe régulier m (plural verbes réguliers)

(grammar) regular verb (verb with regular conjugation)


verbe simple

(grammar) simple verb (verb without separable particle)


sémelfactif

fr-adj

sémelfactif (feminine sémelfactive, masculine plural sémelfactifs, feminine plural sémelfactives)

sémelfactive (feminine)
sémelfactifs (masculine plural)
sémelfactives (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from New Latin semelfactīvus, from Latin semel (“once”) + factum (“occurrence”) + -īvus.

lbor

Coordinate term: itératif

(grammar) semelfactive (expressive of an action that happens only once)


présent historique

fr-noun

présent historique m (plural présents historiques)

Near-synonym: présent de narration


présent de vérité générale

présent de vérité générale m (countable and uncountable, plural présents de vérité générale)


verbe réfléchi

verbe réfléchi m (plural verbes réfléchis)