Mexico

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Luxembourg

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)


Paraná

Borrowed from Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (the provincial capital of Entre Ríos, Argentina)


Canberra

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Ottawa

Borrowed from English Ottawa, ultimately from Ojibwe odaawaa (“traders”).

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada)


Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


Alençon

Alençon (a town and commune, the prefecture of the Orne department, Normandy, France)


Paris

desctree

→ English: Paris, Paree (humorous, deliberate misspelling), Parish, Parris, Parrish, Pares
→ Arabic: بارِيس (bārīs), بَارِيز (bārīz) — dated, پَارِيس (pārīs) — rare
→ Afar: Baaríis
→ Somali: Baaríis
→ Hindi: पेरिस (peris)
→ Urdu: پَیرِس (pairis)
→ Punjabi: پَیرَس (pairas)

Inherited from Old French Paris, from Late Latin name of an earlier settlement, Lūtētia Parīsiōrum (“Lutetia of the Parisii”), from Latin Parīsiī, a Gaulish tribe.

avec des si on mettrait Paris en bouteille

Paris est beaucoup moins bruyant en été

Paris est vraiment belle la nuit

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Kiev

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


Quito

Named after the Quitu tribe. The name is a combination of two Tsafiki words: quitso (“center”) + to (“the world”); roughly translating as "center of the world."


Saint-Pierre

→ Mi'kmaq: Senpir

The island of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon is named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fishermen.
The town and commune are named after the island.

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint Pierre and Miquelon#English

The capital city of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.


Turin

Turin (the capital city of Piedmont, Italy)


Syracuse

Syracuse (the capital city of the province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy)


Milan

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)


Florence

→ Dutch: Florence

→ English: Florence

Turkish: Floransa

Florence (the capital city of Tuscany, Italy)


Zagreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Tunis

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Zurich

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Tokyo

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


Sassari

Sassari (the capital city of the province of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy)


Prato

Prato (the capital city of the province of Prato, Tuscany, Italy)


Pordenone

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia#English

Pordenone (the capital city of the province of Pordenone, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)


Terni

Terni (the capital city of the province of Terni, Umbria, Italy)


Pescara

Pescara (the capital city of the province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Italy)


Teramo

Teramo (the capital city of the province of Teramo, Abruzzo, Italy)


Pistoia

Pistoia (the capital city of the province of Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy)


Rieti

Rieti (the capital city of the province of Rieti, Lazio, Italy)


Rimini

Rimini (a resort city, the capital of the province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Trapani

Trapani (the capital city of the province of Trapani, Sicily, Italy)


Berlin

→ Vietnamese: Béc-lanh

États de la zone: Bade-Wurtemberg · Bavière · Brandebourg · Hesse · Basse-Saxe · Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale · Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie · Rhénanie-Palatinat · Sarre · Saxe · Saxe-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thuringe

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


Rome

Guianese Creole: Ròm

Haitian Creole: Wòm

Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)

Inherited from Old French Rome, from Latin Rōma.


Bruges

Inherited from Old French Bruges, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Sarajevo

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Prague

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Andros

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄνδρος (Ándros).

bor+

Andros (town and capital of the Andros regional unit, in the South Aegean autonomous region, Greece)


Nuuk

Borrowed from Danish Nuuk, from Greenlandic Nuuk.


Vaduz

Vaduz (a town and municipality, the capital of Liechtenstein)


Reykjavík

Borrowed from Icelandic Reykjavík (“bay of smokes”).


Skopje

Romanization of Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Douglas

Douglas (the capital city of the Isle of Man, United Kingdom)


Berne

Bern (the capital city of Switzerland; capital city of Bern canton)


Neuchâtel

From Old French nuef (“new”) + chatel (“castle”).

The capital city of Neuchâtel canton, Switzerland


Lucerne

Lucerne (the capital city of Lucerne canton, Switzerland)


Le Caire

au Caire

du Caire


Jérusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Washington

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Sophie

1845, Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui, Voyage en Bulgarie 1841, chapitre IX
On franchit une marche de Nissa à Mustapha-Pacha-Palanka, puis une autre de Palanka à Scharkoë et une troisième de Scharkoë à Sophie, en traversant le long plateau de Tzaribrod.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(archaic) Sofia (the capital city of Bulgaria)


Rennes

Rennes (the capital city of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, France; capital city of the region of Brittany)


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Moscou

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Mantoue

Mantua (the capital city of the province of Mantua, Lombardy, Italy)


Venise

→ Vietnamese: Vơ-ni-dơ

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)


Gap

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Gap (a town, the capital of the Hautes-Alpes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Koala

English: Koala

(historical, 18th century) A former settlement and capital of Koala, Liptako, West Africa, destroyed at the end of the eponymous kingdom by Fula rebellion


Liège

→ English: Liège

→ Polish: Liège

→ Portuguese: Liège

Found in Medieval Latin as Leodium or Leodicum, probably ultimately of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *liudiz (“people”).

Meronyms: Angleur, Bressoux, Chênée, Glain, Grivegnée, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Rocourt, Sclessin, Wandre

Liège (a city, the provincial capital of Liège, Belgium)


Nancy

From the medieval name, Medieval Latin Nanciacum, from Old High German Nanzig.

Nancy (a city, the prefecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est, France)


Nice

From the Roman name, Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νίκαια (Níkaia), from νίκη (níkē, “victory”).

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Trente

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Trento (the capital city of the province of Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Porto

Porto (a city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal)


Valence

Valence (a city and commune, the capital of the Drôme department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, in southeastern France)

Valence (a village and commune in Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in southwestern France)

Valence (a town and commune in Tarn-et-Garonne department, Occitanie, in southern France)

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Vienne

→ Persian: وین (viyan)

Of disputed origin. Perhaps from the Roman name, Latin Vindobona, or possibly from a Celtic word *Veduna (“forest stream”), which would justify the phonetic evolution into the modern french form. Compare Proto-Celtic *widus (“woodland”).

Vienna (the capital city and state of Austria)


Rabat

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


Tanger

Through Latin Tingis and Arabic طَنْجَة (ṭanja).

Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima#English

Tangier (a port city, the capital of the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar)


Bagdad

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


Ljubljana

Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


Londres

desctree

→ Italian: Londra
→ Maltese: Londra
→ Ottoman Turkish: لوندره (Londra)
Turkish: Londra
→ Romanian: Londra

→ Sanskrit: लण्ड्र (laṇḍra)

Inherited from Middle French Londres, from Old French Londres, ultimately from Latin Londinium.
However, it is not a natural evolution from Latin to French, as Londinium would render *Londin, *Londein. Thus, it is possible that it was borrowed or at least derived from Old English Lunden. The final syllable would have been weakened to -dn, later changing to -dr, which would yield an epenthetic -e. The -s would be added to fit Old French declension.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Bruxelles

Of Germanic origin, composed from *brōk (“marsh”) + *sali (“building, room”).

af

Il reste quelques jours de plus à Bruxelles.

He's staying in Brussels for a few more days.


Tyr

Tyre (an ancient city-state in Phoenicia)

Tyre (a port city, the capital of Tyre district, Lebanon)


Anvers

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)


Aarau

Aarau (a town and municipality, the capital of Aargau canton, in northern Switzerland)


Aalborg

Aalborg (the capital city of North Jutland, Denmark)


Bordeaux

Inherited from Middle French Bordeaulx, from Occitan Bordèu, from Old Occitan Bordel, from Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root.

Bordeaux (the capital city of the Gironde department, France; capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Albi

Albi (a city and commune, the prefecture of the Tarn department, Occitanie, France)


Port-au-Prince

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


Bandar Seri Begawan

LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Bandar Seri Begawan.wav

Borrowed from Malay Bandar Seri Begawan.

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


Minsk

Minsk (the capital and largest city of Belarus)


Yaren

Yaren (the de facto capital city of Nauru)


Ouagadougou

→ English: Ouagadougou

→ Afrikaans: Ouagadougou

→ Czech: Ouagadougou

→ Portuguese: Ouagadougou

→ Slovak: Ouagadougou

From a local name such as Moore Waogdgo and Farefare Wɔgdɔgɔ.

Ouagadougou (the capital city of Burkina Faso)


Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Yamoussoukro

Yamoussoukro (the official and administrative capital of Ivory Coast)


Brazzaville

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza
fr:Brazzaville

From Brazza + ville (“city”). Named after Italian-French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (1852–1905), who officially founded the settlement in 1880 [from 1880].

named-after

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Brazzaville (the capital city of the Republic of the Congo)


Abidjan

Abidjan (the de facto capital and largest city of Ivory Coast)


Moroni

Borrowed from Ngazidja Comorian Mroni, from mroni (“at the river”).

Moroni (the capital city of the Comoros)


Lyon

English: Lyon, Lyons

From Latin Lugdūnum, from Gaulish *Lugudūnon (“fort of Lug”), from the Celtic deity Lugus, from Proto-Celtic *Lugus.

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Lahore

Lahore (a city, the provincial capital of Punjab, Pakistan)


Rouen

Inherited from Old French Roem, from the Roman name, Latin Rotomagus, from the Gaulish name Ratumacos, from *rato- (of unclear origin - see Rouen) + *magos, from Proto-Celtic *magos (“field”).

Rouen (the capital city of Normandy, France on the Seine River)


Versailles

Uncertain, but possibly from Latin versus (“slope”) or versor (“to dwell”), both from Proto-Indo-European *wértti (“to be turning around”).

inh

Versailles (a city, suburb of Paris and capital of Yvelines department, Île-de-France)


Marseille

From the Latin Massilia, Marsilia, Massalia, from Ancient Greek Μασσαλία (Massalía), possibly an Ancient Ligurian toponym or perhaps from Ancient Greek μάσσων (mássōn, “further”) + ἅλς (háls, “sea”), literally “(city) on far end of the sea” cf. Ancient Greek παραλία (paralía).

af

Meronyms: Belsunce, Canebière, Évêché, Frais-Vallon, La Timone, Sormiou

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Orléans

Inherited from Latin Aurelianum. Doublet of Aurélien.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orleans (the capital city of the Loiret department, France; capital city of the region of Centre-Val de Loire)


Caen

Inherited from Old French Caem, Cahom, likely inherited from Latin *Catumagus, from Gaulish *catu-, a word used to describe military activity (see Proto-Celtic *katus), + *magos (“field”).

Caen (a city and commune, the prefecture of the department of Calvados, France)


Lille

Inherited from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), from Latin Īnsula, from īnsula (“island”), whence also île. The name was resegmented (like its Dutch counterpart Rijsel): in à l'Isle (“at the Isle”), the definite article came to be considered part of the name, and it was thus interpreted as à Lille.

inh+

Meronyms: Bois-Blancs, Faubourg de Béthune, Fives, Hellemmes-Lille, Lille-Moulins, Lomme, Saint-Maurice Pellevoisin, Vauban-Esquermes, Wazemmes

Lille (the department capital of the Nord department, France; regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


Lausanne

From the Roman name, Latin Lousonna or Lausōnium.

Lausanne (a municipality and city, the capital of Vaud canton, in western Switzerland, in which French is the main language)


Angers

Inherited from Latin Civitas Andecavorum, from Andecavi.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Angers (a city, the prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France)


Dijon

From the Roman name, Latin Diviōnem, from the name Divius (“godly, divine”); see divus.

Dijon (the capital city of the Côte-d'Or department, France)


Grenoble

Inherited from Old French Graignovol, ultimately from Late Latin Grātiānopolis, named after the emperor Gratian.

Grenoble (a city, the prefecture of the department of the Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Strasbourg

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Toulouse

→ English: Toulouse

Previously Thoulouse; from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin (Volcae Tectosages), or possibly from an Iberian or Aquitanian name.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Jérémie

Haitian Creole: Jeremi

A commune and capital city in Grand'Anse, Haiti.


Nantes

From Latin Portus Namnetum, from the name of the Namnetes, a local Gaulish tribe.

Nantes (the capital city of the Loire-Atlantique department, France; capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire)


Tours

From Latin Turonum, from Turones, the name of the area's Gaulish inhabitants in antiquity.

Tours (a city, the prefecture of the Indre-et-Loire department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Koweït

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait)


Singapour

→ Persian: سنگاپور (sangâpur)

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Toulon

From the Roman name, Latin Telō Mārtius. The first word could be from Telo, a Celtic spring deity, from Proto-Celtic *telo (“water hole, spring”), or from the obsolete tol (“hill”), from Proto-Celtic *tullon, *tullos (“hole”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”) (Welsh twll, Breton toull, Irish toll).

der

Toulon (a city, the prefecture of the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Metz

Metz (the capital city of the Moselle department, France)


Saint-Marin

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Laval

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-hôtel de la Croix-Laval.wav

From la (“the”) + val (“vale (valley)”).
* (Mayenne): From being situated at a valley
* (surname): Derived from the placename in Mayenne
* (Quebec municipality): Derived from the surname of an early settler
* (Quebec island): Derived from the name of the city located on the island

A prefecture and commune, the capital of the Mayenne department, France


Antananarivo

Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


Alger

Borrowed from Algerian Arabic الدزَاير (al-dzayir), from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”) (with elision of the first vowel), plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”), referring to the several small islands that once existed in the Bay of Algiers.

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


Le Mans

English: Le Mans

From Old French Celmans, from Vulgar Latin *Cenomanus, from Latin Cenomanorum, ultimately named after the Celtic tribe Cenomani. The first syllable was later reanalyzed as cel (“this”) and replaced with le (“the”).

Je vais aller au Mans

Le Mans (a city, the prefecture of the Sarthe department, Pays de la Loire, France)


Douchanbé

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


Kaboul

Ultimately from Classical Persian کابل (kābul).

Holonym: Afghanistan


Athènes

→ Persian: آتن (âten)

Borrowed from Latin Athēnae, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Tananarive

(dated) Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


Barcelone

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Lisbonne

English: Lisbon

→ Ottoman Turkish: لیزبون (Lizbon)

Turkish: Lizbon

→ Armenian: Լիզպոն (Lizpon)

From Arabic لِشْبُونَة (Lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, of uncertain origin.


Pékin

Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), specifically the Nanking court dialect from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Doublet of Beijing. Compare Spanish Pekín, Portuguese Pequim, English Peking, Dutch Peking. See also Tonkin and Nankin (“Nanjing”).

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Séville

Borrowed from Spanish Sevilla, from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Édimbourg

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Copenhague

Ultimately from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Cayenne

Cayenne (the capital city of the French Guiana department)


Limoges

Inherited from Latin Lemovices (adjective Lemovicinus), name of a Gaulish tribe in central France, most likely a reference to their elm bows and spears, of same ultimate origin as elm.

Limoges (a city, the capital of the Haute-Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


La Haye

→ Arabic: لَاهاي (lāhāy)

From Middle French, from the noun haye (modern haie), a calque of Middle Dutch die Haghe (modern Dutch Den Haag), from haghe (“enclosure”).

The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Côme

Como (the capital city of the province of Como, Lombardy, Italy)


Pise

Pisa (the capital city of the province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy)


Basse-Terre

Compound of bas (“low”) + terre (“land”).

Basse-Terre (the capital city of the overseas department of the Guadeloupe, France)


Riyad

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


Gand

There seems to be 2 hypothesis both concerning water.
1) Gand comes the name of a Gallo-Roman vicus called Ganda, a Celtic word that meant confluant.
2) Gand comes from the Celtic word that had a relation with water, Gond.
That name Gond was transformed by the Frankish to Gand.

Ghent (the capital and largest city of East Flanders, Belgium)


Besançon

Ultimately from the Latin name of the city, Vesontiō (accusative Vesontiōnem).

Besançon (a commune, the capital of the Doubs department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Marrakech

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Nicosie

à Nicosie

de Nicosie

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; capital city of Northern Cyprus)


Hanoï

à Hanoï

de Hanoï ― from Hanoi; relating to Hanoi (sometimes written as d'Hanoï)


Katmandou

à Katmandou

de Katmandou


La Valette

à La Valette

de La Valette


Andorre-la-Vieille

à Andorre-la-Vieille

in Andorra la Vella; to Andorra la Vella

de l’Andorre-la-Vieille

from Andorra la Vella; relating to Andorra la Vella

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Abou Dabi

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby, “father of the gazelle”).

bor+

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Téhéran

à Téhéran
in Tehran; to Tehran

de Téhéran
from Tehran; relating to Tehran


Séoul

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul). Note that it predates the standard romanization Seoul in Korean.

à Séoul

de Séoul


Ciudad de Guatemala

à Ciudad de Guatemala

de la Ciudad de Guatemala

from Guatemala City; relating to Guatemala City

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


Iakoutsk

Yakutsk (the capital city of Sakha, Russia)


Nouméa

Nouméa (capital city of the French overseas territory New Caledonia)


Abomey

Abomey (the capital city of the Zou department, in southern Benin)


Gênes

From Latin Genua, whence also Italian Genova.

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)


Angora

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish, from Latin Ancyra, from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor”).

« Angora est nationaliste, en ce sens qu’elle renonce aux prétensions de l’ancien Empire ottoman et qu’elle veut recréer un foyer turc modeste[…] »

1924, Berthe Georges-Gaulis, La nouvelle Turquie:

“Ankara is nationalist, in the sense that it renounces the pretensions of the old Ottoman Empire and wants to recreate a modest Turkish centre […] ”

Il y a, dans le vieil Angora, pour celui qui a conservé le goût du passé, pour celui qui veut voir l’image des superpositions de civilisations dans un même lieu, des habitudes séculaires, différentes les unes des autres[…]

1931, Eugène Pittard, Le visage nouveau de la Turquie: à travers l'Asie-Mineure:

There is, in the old Ankara, for the one who has preserved a taste for the past, for the one who wants to see an image of many civilizations superimposed in the same place, secular habits, different one from another […]

L’offensive est arrêtée. Angora est sauvée. La Turquie patriote, qui a conservé sa foi, a vaincu.

The offensive has been stopped. Ankara is saved. Patriotic Turkey, who has kept the faith, has triumphed.


Parme

Borrowed from Italian Parma, from Latin.

Parma (the capital city of the province of Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Tarente

Taranto (the capital city of the province of Taranto, Apulia, Italy)


Sienne

Siena (the capital city of the province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy)


Pérouse

Perugia (the capital city of Umbria, Italy; capital city of the metropolitan city of Perugia, Umbria, Italy)


Messine

Borrowed from Italian Messina, from Latin Messāna, from Ancient Greek Μεσσήνη (Messḗnē).

Messina (the capital city of the metropolitan city of Messina, Sicily, Italy)


Amiens

Amiens (the capital city of the Somme department, Hauts-de-France region, France)


Belfort

From Old French Belfort, from bel (“beautiful”) + fort. Doublet of beaufort.

Territoire de Belfort
Territoire de Belfort#English

Belfort (a city and commune, the prefecture of the Territoire de Belfort department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Mytilène

Mytilene (the capital city of the island of Lesbos, Greece, and capital city of the North Aegean region, Greece)


Casablanca

Casablanca (the capital city of the region of Casablanca-Settat, Morocco)


Annecy

Inherited from Middle French Anasseu, from the Gallo-Roman name, Latin Anneacum, Anericiacum, Anicius, Aniciacus, Aniciaca, "belonging to Anecius," from a Germanic personal name Anerik (Latinized Annarigus).

Annecy (a city, the capital of the Haute-Savoie department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Vérone

Verona (the capital city of the province of Verona, Veneto, Italy)


Palerme

Palermo (the capital city of Sicily, Italy; capital city of the metropolitan city of Palermo, Sicily, Italy)


Ajaccio

Borrowed from Italian Ajaccio, from Corsican Aiacciu, Old Italian Addiazzo, from Latin Adiacium, possibly from Tuscan Italian agghiacciu (“sheep pen”), or from a derivative of Byzantine Greek ἀγαθός (agathós, “good fortune, mooring”); related to Agde.

der

Ajaccio (the capital and largest city of Corsica, France)


Pondichéry

Borrowed from Tamil பாண்டிச்சேரி (pāṇṭiccēri).

bor+

பாண்டிச்சேரி

Puducherry (the capital and largest city of Puducherry, India, previously called Pondicherry)


Dubaï

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Padoue

From Vulgar Latin Patava, Pataua, ultimately from Latin Patavium, the Roman name.

Padua (the capital city of the province of Padua, Veneto, Italy)


Byzance

Borrowed from Latin Byzantium, borrowed from Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion).


Poitiers

English: Poitiers

Inherited from Middle French Poictiers, from Old French Peitiers, from Latin Pictāva, Pictāvium, Pictāvis, after the Pictones, the Gaulish tribe inhabiting the region.

Poitiers (a city, the capital of the Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Saint-Denis

Saint-Denis (the capital and largest city of Réunion, France)


Pavie

Pavia (the capital city of the province of Pavia, Lombardy, Italy)


Chartres

Modern French pronunciation of Latin Carnūtēs, name of a Gaulish tribe, from a Celtic root for “rock, stone”.

Chartres (a town, the department capital of Eure-et-Loir, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Saint-Domingue

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


Périgueux

Roman name, from Latin Petrocorii, Gaulish tribe name, from *petru (“four”) + *corii (“tribes”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷetwores (“four”) + *koryos (“army, tribe”). Compare Old Irish cuire.

Périgueux (a commune, the capital of the department of the Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France).


Saïda

→ English: Saïda

Saïda (a city, the capital of Saïda, Algeria)


Zebak

1963, Nicolas Bouvier, L'Usage du Monde, 2005 ed., Payot & Rivages, pp. 393-394; translated 1992 by Robyn Marsack as The Way of the World, 2011 ed., Eland

— At Zebak there was a clay and straw mosque and about twenty dilapidated houses, filled with smoke by the mounted patrol who guarded access to the upper Wakan and the Chinese border.

Et Zebak, c’est une mosquée de torchis et une vingtaine de masure enfumées par la patrouille montée qui contrôle l’accès du haut Wakhan et de la frontière chinoise.

Zebak (the capital city of the Zebak District, Badakhshan, Afghanistan)


Hinche

Haitian Creole: Ench

→ English: Hinche

Hinche (A commune in and capital of Centre department in Haiti)


Blois

Inherited from Old French Blais, Bleis, from Late Latin Blesēnses, Blesensibus, Blesis (Merovingian), from Gallo-Roman *Blesu, a Celtic/Gaulish name possibly meaning "wolf," from Proto-Celtic *bledyos (“wolf”).

Blois (a city and commune, the prefecture of the Loir-et-Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Montauban

From the Medieval name, Medieval Latin mōns albanus, "white mount".

Montauban (a town and commune, the prefecture of the Tarn-et-Garonne department, Occitanie, France)


Vicence

Vicenza (the capital city of the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy)


Foix

→ English: Foix

Foix (the capital city of the Ariège department, France; capital city)


Catane

Catania (the capital city of the metropolitan city of Catania, Sicily, Italy)


Fort-de-France

Fort-de-France (the capital city of the French department of Martinique)


Ripoll

Ripoll (the capital of Ripollès, Girona, Catalonia).


Plaisance

Derived from plaisance (“pleasure”), either as a reference to the pleasant surroundings of the municipality or as a reference to one of several locales in France. The Italian city is derived from the Latin Placentia, from placentia < placēns (“pleasing, welcoming”).

Piacenza (the capital city of the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


La Havane

Holonym: Cuba


Sihanoukville

Sihanouk + -ville. From Khmer សីហនុ (səyhnuʼ), a Khmer given name. Named after Kampuchean king Norodom Sihanouk (1922–2012)

named-after

Sihanoukville (a city, the provincial capital of Sihanoukville, Cambodia)


Baalbeck

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


Agen

Borrowed from Occitan Agen, from Latin Aginnum.

Agen (a city and commune, the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Port-Royal

English: Port Royal

From port + royal.
* (Jamaica): Calque of Spanish Puerto Real

Port Royal (the former capital city of Jamaica)

French North America
French North America#English

(historical) Port Royal (the former capital city of Acadia, French North America)

Annapolis County
Annapolis County#English

(historical) Former name of Annapolis. Port Royal (a town in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada)


Ouarzazate

Borrowed from Arabic وَرْزَازَات (warzāzāt).

bor+

Ouarzazate (the capital city of Ouarzazate, Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco)


Sebba

→ English: Sebba

Sebba (the capital city of Yagha, Burkina Faso)


Tioumen

Borrowed from Russian Тюме́нь (Tjuménʹ).

Tyumen (the capital of Tyumen Oblast, Russia)


Jacmel

Haitian Creole: Jakmèl

→ Dutch: Jacmel

→ English: Jacmel

→ Spanish: Jacmel

→ Taíno: Yaquimel

Jacmel (a port town, commune, and capital of the Sud-Est department, Haiti)


Bar-le-Duc

Holonym: Meuse

Bar-le-Duc (the capital of the Meuse department, France)


Besac

(informal) Besançon (a city and commune, the prefecture of the Doubs department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Ancyre

Holonym: Galatie

(historical) Ancyra (the capital city of Galatia)


Port-Louis

Port Louis (the capital city of Mauritius)


Kalouga

Kaluga (a city, the capital of Kaluga Oblast, Russia)


Chlef

Chlef (a city, the capital of Chlef Province, Algeria)


Prétoria

Pretoria (the capital city of South Africa)


Presbourg

Pressburg (former name of Bratislava, the capital city of Slovakia)


Saint-Jacques

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela#English

Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (the capital city of Galicia, Spain)


Cité du Vatican

LL-Q150 (fra)-Ncfavier-Cité du Vatican.wav

Calque of Italian Città del Vaticano, from Latin Cīvitās Vāticāna (“Vatican City”). See Vatican City for more.

Vatican City State
Vatican City State#English

A city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. Official name: Vatican City State


Oufa

Ufa (the capital city of Bashkortostan, Russia)


Louhansk

Luhansk (the capital city of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine)


Oulan-Oudé

Ulan-Ude (the capital city of Buryatia, Russia)