Alger

Borrowed from Algerian Arabic الدزَاير (al-dzayir), from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”) (with elision of the first vowel), plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”), referring to the several small islands that once existed in the Bay of Algiers.

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


Osaka

Borrowed from Japanese 大(おお)阪(さか) (Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

ja-r

Osaka (the capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)

Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan)


Cornouailles

Inherited from Middle French Cornuaille, from Old French Cornuaille.


Salzbourg

Salzburg (the capital city of the state of Salzburg, Austria)


Reims

Named after the Belgic (Gaulish-speaking) tribe, the Remi.

Reims (a city in the Marne department, Grand Est, France)


Basabürü

A local pronunciation for Basaburu 'edge of the wood'.

the vernacular name, meaning the 'wild edge', for the upper basin of the Saison River, as opposed to the Pettarra (French Basque Country)


Tracy

Tracy-sur-Loire: From Latin Draptiacus, Dractiacus, Traciacus ; from anthroponym Draccius.
:Tracy-sur-Mer: From Latin Traceum ; from anthroponym Draccius or Thracius.

A hamlet in Vire, Calvados department, France


Salat

→ English: Salat

Borrowed from Occitan Salat, from salat (“salty”).

Holonym: Occitanie

Salat (a right tributary of the Garonne in Occitanie, France)


Le Mans

English: Le Mans

From Old French Celmans, from Vulgar Latin *Cenomanus, from Latin Cenomanorum, ultimately named after the Celtic tribe Cenomani. The first syllable was later reanalyzed as cel (“this”) and replaced with le (“the”).

Je vais aller au Mans

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Le Mans (a city, the prefecture of the Sarthe department, Pays de la Loire, France)


EAU

Initialism of Émirats arabes unis (“United Arab Emirates”).


Bryson

The name of the municipality is derived from the English surname Bryson. The municipality is named after lumber merchant and former mayor of Mansfield-et-Pontefract George Bryson (1813 - 1900).

A municipality of Pontiac, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Douchanbé

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


Barcelone

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)

Barcelona (a province of Catalonia, Spain)


Tananarive

(dated) Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


Athènes

→ Persian: آتن (âten)

Borrowed from Latin Athēnae, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Édimbourg

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)

Edinburgh, Edinburgh (a council area of Scotland)


Lisbonne

English: Lisbon

→ Ottoman Turkish: لیزبون (Lizbon)

Turkish: Lizbon

→ Armenian: Լիզպոն (Lizpon)

From Arabic لِشْبُونَة (Lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, of uncertain origin.


Bavière

États de la zone: Bade-Wurtemberg · Bavière · Brandebourg · Hesse · Basse-Saxe · Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale · Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie · Rhénanie-Palatinat · Sarre · Saxe · Saxe-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thuringe


Aix-la-Chapelle

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Saint-Pétersbourg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia), and former capital (1732–1918).


Séville

Borrowed from Spanish Sevilla, from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

der

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)

Seville (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Kaboul

Ultimately from Classical Persian کابل (kābul).

Holonym: Afghanistan


Brême

From Middle French Breme, Bresme, Bremes, from Middle Low German Brēmen.

Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)


Hambourg

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


Groningue

Groningen (the capital city of Groningen province, Netherlands)

Groningen (a province of the Netherlands)


Copenhague

Ultimately from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Pékin

→ Persian: پکن (pekan)

→ Khmer: ប៉េកាំង (peekang)

Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), specifically the Nanking court dialect from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Doublet of Beijing. Compare Spanish Pekín, Portuguese Pequim, English Peking, Dutch Peking. See also Tonkin and Nankin (“Nanjing”).

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Saxe

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-avenue du Maréchal-de-Saxe.wav

From Middle French Saxe, an apparently semi-learned form which displaced Old French Saisunie, Sessoigne, etc., from Latin Saxōnia, perhaps after Medieval Latin Saxia or influenced by German Sachsen itself. Compare Middle French Saxone (“Saxony”).


Jiangsu

Meronym: Nankin


Curaçao

From Dutch Curaçao, from Spanish Curaçao, from Portuguese Curação, probably as a transcription of a Lokono endonym.

Curaçao (an island and constituent country of the Netherlands).


Californie

California (a state of the United States)


Moenkopi

Holonym: réserve Hopi

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place and Hopi community Coconino County, Arizona, United States.


bruyère

Inherited from Old French bruiere, from Early Medieval Latin brūgāria.


Granville

A small town and commune of the Manche department, Normandy, France


falaise

→ Portuguese: falésia

→ Romanian: faleză

→ Turkish: falez

Inherited from Old French faleise, faloise, from Frankish *falisa, from Proto-Germanic *falisaz (“rock, cliff”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“rock, cliff”). More at fell.


crête

Inherited from Old French creste, from Latin crista.

(zoology) crest (on a bird); comb (on a cock)


Europe centrale

1839-1842 — Louis Agassiz, Histoire des poissons d'eau douce en Europe centrale

Du reste, ainsi que me le marquait la lettre, j’aurais grand plaisir et grand profit à visiter cette région de la Hongrie. C’est par excellence le pays magyar, dont le passé est riche de tant de faits héroïques, et qui, rebelle à tout mélange avec les races germaniques, occupe une place considérable dans l’histoire de l’Europe centrale.

1910, Jules Verne, chapter 1, in Le Secret de Wilhem Storitz:

Appuyer les protestants d’Allemagne, c’était réveiller les méfiances des catholiques français, enhardir nos propres protestants qui s’agitaient dans le Midi. Le Conseil décida de n’intervenir que pour conseiller la paix à l’Union évangélique allemande. Il craignait en somme d’être entraîné dans un grand conflit de l’Europe centrale et s’efforçait de l’empêcher par le moyen ordinaire des médiations diplomatiques.

1924, Jacques Bainville, chapter XI, in Histoire de France:

1933 — Claude Bourdet, Wörgl ou l’« argent fondant » in l’Illustration (4723:56-57)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

À peu près inconnue en France, l’économie libre groupe en Suisse et dans les pays de l’Europe centrale de nombreux adhérents.


caverne

Inherited from Middle French caverne, from Old French caverne, borrowed from Latin caverna.


Pacifique

Borrowed from Latin pācificus (“peace making”).


chenal

Inherited from Old French chanel, chenel, inherited from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”) (although the suffix was later modified from Old French -el to -al to more closely reflect the Latin etymon's form). Doublet of canal.


Sao Tomé-et-Principe

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago in Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)


République centrafricaine

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


République dominicaine

Haitian Creole: Repiblik dominikèn

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


République Démocratique du Congo

République démocratique du Congo
République démocratique du Congo#French

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Alternative letter-case form of République démocratique du Congo: Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Irlandais

fr-noun

Irlandais m (plural Irlandais, feminine Irlandaise)

Irlandais (plural)
Irlandaise (feminine)

Irish person (resident or native of Ireland) (male or of unspecified gender)


Athesans-Étroitefontaine

Athesans-Étroitefontaine (a village and commune of the Haute-Saône department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Cayenne

Cayenne (the capital city of the French Guiana department)


volcan

Antillean Creole: vòlkan

Haitian Creole: vòlkan

desctree

→ Irish: bolcán
→ Fingallian: bolcane
→ English: bolcane

→ Turkish: volkan

Probably borrowed through Italian vulcano and Spanish volcán, from Latin Vulcānus (“Vulcan”).


Arno

Borrowed from Italian Arno, from Latin Arnus.


grotte

Borrowed from Italian grotta, from Latin crypta. Doublet of crypte.

cave (a large, naturally occurring cavity formed underground)


Binche

Meronyms: Bray, Buvrinnes, Epinois, Leval-Trahegnies, Péronnes-lez-Binche, Ressaix, Waudrez


Catalogne

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Hexagone

From the shape of France; which roughly corresponds to a hexagon (hexagone in French).

Qu’est-ce que l’Hexagone ? C’est la France. Mais le mot «France», entaché d’une affectivité suspecte, petite-bourgeoise, tend à basculer vers le folklore ; le langage contemporain lui préfère celui d’Hexagone qui, dans sa pureté fonctionnelle, semble mieux adapté à la définition d’une grande nation moderne.

1970, Robert Beauvais, L’hexagonal tel qu’on le parle:

What is the "Hexagon"? It is France. But the word "France", blemished by a suspect, petit bourgeois affectivity, tends to fall into folklore; the contemporary language prefers "Hexagon", which, in its functional purity, seems better adapted to the definition of a great modern nation.

Être né sous le signe de l’Hexagone / C’est vraiment pas une sinécure / Et le roi des cons sur son trône / Il est français, ça j’en suis sûr

1975, “Hexagone”, in Amoureux de Paname, performed by Renaud:

Being born under the sign of Hexagon / It's not so much a sinecure / And the king of fools upon his throne / He's French, of that I'm sure


Limoges

Inherited from Latin Lemovices (adjective Lemovicinus), name of a Gaulish tribe in central France, most likely a reference to their elm bows and spears, of same ultimate origin as elm.

Limoges (a city, the capital of the Haute-Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Picardie

administrative region
administrative region

Picardy (a former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Hauts-de-France)


Nazaré

Nazaré (a town and municipality of the district of Leiria, Portugal)


Jourdain

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


ravin

From ravine or raviner, from Old French ravine, from Latin rapīna.


faîte

LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-faîte.wav

Inherited from Old French feste, from Frankish *first, from Proto-Germanic *firstiz. Compare Dutch vorst, German First, Old English first. The spelling was influenced by Latin fastīgium.


Arches

Arches (a small town and commune of the Vosges department, Grand Est, France)

Arches (a small village and commune of the Cantal department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


mer du Japon

LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-mer du Japon.wav


Bosphore

Bosphorus (A strait that passes through Istanbul)


marais

Inherited from Middle French marais, from Old French mareis (“marsh”) (compare Medieval Latin maresc, maresch), from Frankish *marisk (“marsh, swamp”). Related to marécage.


rivage

Inherited from Old French rivage, from Late Latin rīpāticum. Equivalent to by surface analysis, rive + -age.

Que n’ai-je ? Une planche de salut, loin du métro, de son raffut, les yeux rivés sur le rivage, oublier ton lointain visage.

What do I not have? A lifeline, far from the metro and all that racket. My eyes glued to the shore to forget your distant face.

Vous êtes l’horizon, nous sommes la mer. Vous êtes les saisons, nous sommes la terre. Vous êtes le rivage, et moi, je suis l’écume.

You are the horizon, we are the sea. You are the seasons, we are the earth. You are the shore, and I am the foam.


Olténie

Oltenia (a historical region in Romania)


Ninive

Nineveh (an ancient city in Assyria, in modern Iraq, near Mosul)


Troie

(Ancient Greece) Troy (an ancient city in far northwestern Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Bayonne

English: Bayonne

Galician: Baiona

Portuguese: Baiona

Bayonne (a city and commune of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


marécage

From Norman or Picard maresc, from Frankish *marisk (“marsh, swamp”) + -age. Related to marais.


Aiton

Aiton (a town and commune of the Savoie department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


bassin

→ Czech: bazén

→ Danish: bassin

→ German: Bassin

→ Lithuanian: baseinas

→ Polish: basen

→ Romanian: bazin

→ Russian: бассейн (bassejn)

→ Swedish: bassäng

From Old French bacin, from Vulgar Latin *baccinus, *baccinum, probably from Gaulish.


Moyen-Orient

(geopolitics) Middle East (region comprising West Asia without the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just Asian Turkey)


Caroline du Sud

South Carolina (a state of the United States)


Louvain

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Luvanium, Latinized from a Viking/North Germanic or Frankish name *Loven, composed of *lo (“forest, clearing”) + *hvein (“swamp, marsh”), from Proto-Germanic *hwainō, *hwin- (“swamp; moor”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱʷeyn- (“to soil; mud; filth”), thus meaning "swamp near the forest."

der

Capital city of the province of Flemish Brabant in Belgium


Guyane

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Ekat

Abbreviation of Ekaterinbourg (Yekaterinburg).

(informal) abbreviation of the name of the city of Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia


Modon

Methoni (a village in Peloponnese, Greece)


coulée

→ English: coulee


Tchéquie

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


océan Pacifique

Pacific Ocean (the world's largest body of water)


océan Indien

Meronym: mer d’Arabie

Indian Ocean (the ocean separating Africa, southern Asia, Australia and Antarctica)


océan Arctique

Arctic Ocean (the smallest of the five oceans of the Earth, on and around the North Pole)


Adélaïde

Japanese: アデライド (Aderaido)

Adelaide (the capital and largest city of South Australia, Australia)


Aude

Aude (a department of Occitanie, France)


Sardaigne

Probably borrowed from Italian Sardegna.

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Margaux

English: Margaux

English: Margo

Variant of Margot, diminutive of the female given name Marguerite (“Margaret”)


La Nouvelle-Orléans

From nouvelle (“new”) + Orléans; named after Regent Philip, Duke of Orléans (“Orleans”), a place in France.

New Orleans (a city in Louisiana, United States)


Louisiane

English: Louisiana

Haitian Creole: Lwizyàn

Louisiana Creole: Lwizyàn

Portuguese: Luisiana

Spanish: Luisiana

From Louis + -iane.
Named for king Louis XIV of France.

Louisiana (a state of the United States)

Louisiana (former French territory in North America)


Hawaï

Ultimately from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi, from Hawaiki, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *Sawaiki.

Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian Islands#English

Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands (an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean)

Hawaii (an island in the Hawaiian Islands)


Sahara occidental

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)


Sainte-Hélène

Saint Helena
Saint Helena#English:_Q34497

Saint Helena (An island of volcanic origin in the South Atlantic Ocean, and an overseas territory of the United Kingdom)


îles Vierges britanniques

fr-proper noun

îles Vierges britanniques f pl (plural only)

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands#English

British Virgin Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


Sicile

→ Persian: سیسیل (sisil)

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


La Haye

→ Arabic: لَاهاي (lāhāy)

→ Persian: لاهه (lâhe)

From Middle French, from the noun haye (modern haie), a calque of Middle Dutch die Haghe (modern Dutch Den Haag), from haghe (“enclosure”).

The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Paname

Louis comptait les jours comme un potache qui attend le 14 juillet pour aller à Paname.

1963, Yvonne Martinet, Moucheron, Éditions Alternance, page 23:

Louis was counting the days like a schoolboy waiting to go to Paris on Bastille Day.


estuaire

Borrowed from Latin aestuārium. Doublet of étier.


Anjouan

Borrowed from Ndzwani Comorian Ndzuwani.


Côme

Como (the capital city of the province of Como, Lombardy, Italy)


Pise

Pisa (the capital city of the province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy)


Marches

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


Aylmer

The name of the district is derived from the English surname Aylmer. The area is named after British military officer and colonial administrator Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer (1775–1850).

A district of Gatineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Pennsylvanie

Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)


îles Canaries

Canary Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


îles Cook

Cook Islands
Cook Islands#English:_Q26988

Cook Islands (An archipelago and self-governing country in Oceania, in free association with New Zealand)


Cap-Vert

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Nouvelle-Écosse

From nouvelle (feminine of nouveau (“new”)) + Écosse (“Scotland”); calque of Latin Nova Scotia.

af

feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">nouveau</i> (“new”)

Nouvelle-Ecosse

diacritics are not universally used on capital letters


aven

From Occitan avenc, from Gaulish *abonā (“river”), from Proto-Celtic *abū (“river”). Compare Breton aven, avon.

(geology) sinkhole (US), swallow hole (UK)


I.-P.-E.

Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island#English

PEI, Prince Edward Island (an island and province of Canada)


Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador

fr-proper noun

Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador m pl (plural only)

From Terre-Neuve (“Newfoundland”) + Labrador, literally “Newfoundland and Labrador”.

af

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

Newfoundland and Labrador (a province of Canada)


Île-du-Prince-Édouard

Prince Edward Island (an island and province of Canada)


Terre-Neuve

English: Terreneuvian

From terre (“land”) + neuve (“new”), literally “new land”.

Newfoundland Island
Newfoundland Island#English

Newfoundland, Newfoundland Island (a large island, part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in eastern Canada)

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland (the former name of Newfoundland and Labrador, a province in in eastern Canada)

Dominion of Newfoundland
Dominion of Newfoundland#English

(obsolete) Newfoundland, the Dominion of Newfoundland (a former country in extreme eastern North America)


Colombie-Britannique

British Columbia
British Columbia#English


lande

Inherited from Middle French lande, from Old French lande (“woodland”), from Transalpine Gaulish *landa (compare Irish lann, Welsh llan (“enclosure”)).


Tchétchénie

Chechnya (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


isthme

Learned borrowing from Latin isthmus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός (isthmós).


Cachemire

Borrowed from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra).

Kashmir (a region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) China, India, and Pakistan)


Tchécoslovaquie

Czechoslovakia (a former country in Central Europe)


Yougoslavie

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavija.

bor+

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Yugoslavia (a former country in Southeast Europe)


Londonien

fr-noun

Londonien m (plural Londoniens, feminine Londonienne)

Londoniens (plural)
Londonienne (feminine)


Ardèche

Ardèche (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Ardèche (a right tributary of the Rhône in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Occitanie, France)


Orly

Orly (a city and commune of the department of Val-de-Marne, region of Île-de-France, France)


Basse-Terre

Compound of bas (“low”) + terre (“land”).

Basse-Terre (the capital city of the overseas department of Guadeloupe, France)

Basse-Terre (an island comprising the western half of the overseas department of Guadeloupe)


Riyad

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Saint Kitts and Nevis (a country consisting of two islands in the Caribbean)


Francfort

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (a sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany)


Wallonie

From Frankish *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”); alternatively from wallon + -ie.


Turkménistan

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Silésie

Silesia (a historical region in Central Europe, shared between the Czech Republic and Poland)


Caroline du Nord

North Carolina (a state of the United States)


Gand

There seems to be 2 hypothesis both concerning water.
1) Gand comes the name of a Gallo-Roman vicus called Ganda, a Celtic word that meant confluant.
2) Gand comes from the Celtic word that had a relation with water, Gond.
That name Gond was transformed by the Frankish to Gand.

Ghent (the capital and largest city of East Flanders, Belgium)


Rhône

Rhone (a major river in France and Switzerland)

Rhône (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Béotie

Boeotia (a district in east central Central Greece)


bande de Gaza

Gaza Strip (A region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


Landes

Landes (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Méditerranée

From mer Méditerranée, from méditerranée, feminine of méditerrané.

mer Méditerranée
mer Méditerranée#French

Short for mer Méditerranée (“Mediterranean”).


abîme

Inherited from Old French abisme, inherited from Late Latin *abyssimus, a superlative of Latin abyssus (“bottomless pit”), from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos). Compare Spanish, Portuguese abismo. Doublet of abysse.

(heraldry) abyss of a shield, fess point


Abitibi

Derived from Algonquin abi'ta-bi-g (“halfway across water”), from abi'ta (“halfway”) + bi (“water”).

bor

A regional county municipality of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu).

zh-l

蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu)

Suzhou (a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, China)


lagune

→ Danish: lagune

→ Dutch: lagune

→ English: lagoon

Borrowed from Venetan laguna, from Latin lacūna. Doublet of lacune.


ARYM

Acronym of Ancienne République yougoslave de Macédoine.

FYROM (former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)


Besançon

Ultimately from the Latin name of the city, Vesontiō (accusative Vesontiōnem).

Besançon (a commune, the capital of the Doubs department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Béziers

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin Betarra, Baeterrae.

Béziers (a city in the Hérault department, France)


Saitama

Saitama (the capital city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan).


Kaohsiung

L’incendie d’un immeuble d’habitation a causé la mort, jeudi 14 octobre, d’au moins 46 personnes et a fait des dizaines de blessés à Kaohsiung, dans le sud de Taïwan.

2021 October 14, “À Taïwan, l'incendie d'un immeuble fait des dizaines de morts”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2021-10-14, Asie-Pacifique:

On Thursday 14 October, a fire in a block of flats caused the death of at least 46 people and injured dozens in Kaohsiung, in the south of Taiwan.

Kaohsiung (a city and special municipality in southern Taiwan, and the third largest city in Taiwan)


Marrakech

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


République d'Irlande

la République d’ Irlande (canonical feminine)

Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland#English

Republic of Ireland, Ireland (a country in Western Europe)


Irlande du Nord

Haitian Creole: Ilann dinò

LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Irlande du Nord.wav

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Northern Ireland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Flandre

→ Ottoman Turkish: فلاندره (Flandre)

Turkish: Flandre

→ Persian: فلاندر (felândr)


londonien

fr-adj

londonien (feminine londonienne, masculine plural londoniens, feminine plural londoniennes)

londonienne (feminine)
londoniens (masculine plural)
londoniennes (feminine plural)


Côte d'Azur

→ English: Côte d’Azur

English: Cote d'Azur

côte + de + azur Literally, “Coast of Azure”.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Côte d’Azur (a coast in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France, on the Mediterranean), the French Riviera


crique

From Middle French crique, from Old French crique, from Old Norse kriki, which is probably related to krókr (“hook”). Related to English creek.


Katmandou

à Katmandou

de Katmandou


Hanoï

à Hanoï

de Hanoï ― from Hanoi; relating to Hanoi (sometimes written as d'Hanoï)


Nicosie

à Nicosie

de Nicosie

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; capital city of Northern Cyprus)


Andorre-la-Vieille

à Andorre-la-Vieille

in Andorra la Vella; to Andorra la Vella

de l’Andorre-la-Vieille

from Andorra la Vella; relating to Andorra la Vella

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Séoul

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul). Note that it predates the standard romanization Seoul in Korean.

à Séoul

de Séoul


Téhéran

à Téhéran
in Tehran; to Tehran

de Téhéran
from Tehran; relating to Tehran


La Valette

à La Valette

de La Valette


Abou Dabi

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby, “father of the gazelle”).

bor+

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Ciudad de Guatemala

à Ciudad de Guatemala

de la Ciudad de Guatemala

from Guatemala City; relating to Guatemala City

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


Pangée

Pangaea (supercontinent prior to Triassic)


Pangée

Holonym: Macédoine


Iakoutsk

Yakutsk (the capital city of Sakha, Russia)


Iekaterinbourg

Yekaterinburg (a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)


Bonifacio

Borrowed from Italian Bonifacio, from Late Latin Bonifātius, named after Boniface II of Tuscany. Doublet of Boniface.

Bonifacio (a city and commune of Corse-du-Sud, Corsica)


Bassorah

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْبَصْرَة (al-baṣra).


Samoa américaines

American Samoa (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United States in Polynesia)


Andalousie

autonomous community
autonomous community

Andalusia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Émirats arabes unis

LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Émirats arabes unis.wav

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Gaule

→ English: Gaul

Inherited from Middle French Gaule, from Old French Gaule, Waulle (“Gaul”), from Frankish *Walhaland (“Gaul”, literally “land of the Romans or foreigners”).
Cognate with Old High German Walh, Walah (“Celt, Roman, Gaul”), Old English wealh, walh (“a non-germanic foreigner, Celt”), Old Norse Valir (“Gauls, Frenchmen”). More at Wales, Cornwall, Walloon.
Despite their similar appearance, Latin Gallia is not the origin of French Gaule. During the evolution from Latin to French, stressed initial /ˈɡa-/ yielded /dʒa/ > /ʒa/ (cf. Latin gamba > French jambe), while unstressed final /-lia/ yielded /ʎə/ > /j/ (cf. Latin filia > French fille). Thus, the regular outcome of Latin Gallia is /ʒaj/ ⟨Jaille⟩, which is attested in several French toponyms: La Jaille-Yvon, Saint-Mars-la-Jaille, etc.

der

Gaul (historical region roughly corresponding to modern France, Luxembourg, Belgium and Switzerland along with parts of Italy, the Netherlands and Germany)


Mahé

→ English: Mahé

Borrowed from Malayalam മയ്യഴി (mayyaḻi), the name given to the local river and region.

bor+

Mahé (a small town in Mahé district, in the union territory of Puducherry, India)


Mahé

Named after Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, a French governor of Isle de France (modern Mauritius).

Mahé (the largest island of the Seychelles)


Nouméa

Nouméa (capital city of the French overseas territory New Caledonia)


Abomey

Abomey (the capital city of the Zou department, in southern Benin)

(dated) Dahomey (former name of Benin, a country in West Africa)


Abruzzes

administrative region
administrative region

(plural only) Abruzzo (an administrative region in central Italy)


Calabre

Holonym: Italie

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Wallis-et-Futuna

Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna#English

Wallis and Futuna (an overseas territory of France, in the South Sea, part of Oceania, named after its main islands)


Territoires du Nord-Ouest

fr-proper noun

Territoires du Nord-Ouest m pl (plural only)

Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories


Béarn

From Medieval Latin Beneharnum, corruption of Benarni, Vernarni, Gaulish pronunciation of an Aquitanian/Basque tribe in southwest France.
The municipality in Québec is named after the Béarn Regiment.

A municipality of Témiscamingue, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Gênes

From Latin Genua, whence also Italian Genova.

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Angora

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish, from Latin Ancyra, from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor”).

« Angora est nationaliste, en ce sens qu’elle renonce aux prétensions de l’ancien Empire ottoman et qu’elle veut recréer un foyer turc modeste[…] »

1924, Berthe Georges-Gaulis, La nouvelle Turquie:

“Ankara is nationalist, in the sense that it renounces the pretensions of the old Ottoman Empire and wants to recreate a modest Turkish centre […] ”

Il y a, dans le vieil Angora, pour celui qui a conservé le goût du passé, pour celui qui veut voir l’image des superpositions de civilisations dans un même lieu, des habitudes séculaires, différentes les unes des autres[…]

1931, Eugène Pittard, Le visage nouveau de la Turquie: à travers l'Asie-Mineure:

There is, in the old Ankara, for the one who has preserved a taste for the past, for the one who wants to see an image of many civilizations superimposed in the same place, secular habits, different one from another […]

L’offensive est arrêtée. Angora est sauvée. La Turquie patriote, qui a conservé sa foi, a vaincu.

The offensive has been stopped. Ankara is saved. Patriotic Turkey, who has kept the faith, has triumphed.


Majorque

From Latin īnsula maior "larger island"; the intermediate form was Maiorica.


Vénétie

Veneto (an administrative region of northern Italy, roughly corresponding to the ancient Venetia)


Brandebourg

Brandenburg (a city in Brandenburg, Germany)

Brandenburg (region of Germany, formerly a principality and presently a state in Germany)


Rhénanie-Palatinat

Calque of German Rheinland-Pfalz, from Rhénanie + Palatinat

Rhineland-Palatinate (a state of Germany)


Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie

Calque of German Nordrhein-Westfalen. From Rhénanie + du + Nord + Westphalie

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

North Rhine-Westphalia (a state of Germany)


Ligurie

From Latin Liguria, from Ancient Greek Λίγυς (Lígus).

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


Nouveau-Mexique

From nouveau (“new”) (from Latin novus) + Mexique (“Mexico”).

New Mexico (a state of the United States)

New Mexico (a former territory of Mexico and the United States)


Eurasie

Eurasia (a supercontinent consisting of Europe and Asia)


îles Baléares

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Balearic Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


Pas de Calais

pas 'a pass, strait' (from Latin passus 'step, pace') + de 'of' + Calais

the English Channel or Strait of Dover, the North Sea strait between Dover (England) and Calais (France)


Pas-de-Calais

From Pas de Calais (“Dover Strait”), itself from pas (“pass, strait”) + de (“of”) + Calais.

af

Pas-de-Calais (a department of Hauts-de-France, France)


Katanga

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

A region in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, originally conquered by the Congo Free State (owned by the Belgian king, not his European state) but administered as a corporate mining concession


Viennois

→ English: Viennois

→ German: Viennois

→ Russian: Вьеннуа́ (Vʹjennuá)

→ Ukrainian: В'єннуа́ (Vʺjennuá)


Parme

Borrowed from Italian Parma, from Latin.

Parma (a province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

Parma (the capital city of the province of Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Autriche-Hongrie

Austria-Hungary (a former empire in Central Europe and Eastern Europe)


Galice

From Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a Celtic tribe in the region”).

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


République française

la République française (canonical feminine)

French Republic (the official name of France, a country in Western Europe)


Pérouse

Perugia (the capital city of Umbria, Italy; capital city of the metropolitan city of Perugia, Umbria, Italy)


Sienne

Siena (the capital city of the province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy)


Tarente

Taranto (the capital city of the province of Taranto, Apulia, Italy)


Messine

Borrowed from Italian Messina, from Latin Messāna, from Ancient Greek Μεσσήνη (Messḗnē).

Messina (a metropolitan city of Sicily, Italy)

Messina (the capital city of the metropolitan city of Messina, Sicily, Italy)


Mayence

Esperanto: Majenco

Japanese: マイエンス (Maiensu)

Occitan: Maiança

Inherited from Latin Mogontiacum, the Roman name of the settlement, from a Celtic language.

Mainz (a city, the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


océan Atlantique

Atlantic Ocean (the ocean lying between the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east)


Nouvelle-Zemble

Novaya Zemlya (an archipelago in Russia)


Novossibirsk

Novosibirsk (a city, the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


République du Congo

From république (“republic”) (ultimately from Latin res publica (“public affairs, commonwealth”)) + du (“of the”) + Congo (from a native Congolese language).

uder

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English:_Q971

Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Pau

Possibly related to pieu (“stake, post”), or possibly related to pieux (“pious”), referring to a nearby ford named by the church. Or, possibly from a pre-Indo-European toponym *pal, *bal referring to its location at the foot of the mountains.


oued

wadi (a valley, gully, or stream-bed in northern Africa and southwest Asia that remains dry except during the rainy season)


Gascogne

→ Swedish: Gascogne

From Middle French and Old French Gascoigne, from Medieval Latin Gasconia, from Vulgar Latin Wasconia, from Latin Vasconia, from Vascones + -ia, from Ancient Greek Οὐασκώνων (Ouaskṓnōn), as used by Strabo in his 1st-century Geographica, Book III. Variously derived from αἴξ (aíx, “goat”) (literally “he-goat people”) or a variant of Ausci (from which Aquitan, Occitan, and perhaps related to Euskara). Cognate to Basque. Compare Gascon.
For sound changes: /v/ → /w/ occurred in the change from Latin to Proto-Romance, while /w/ → /g/ common in (non-Iberian) Romance languages, notably French; compare warranty and guarantee, William and Guillaume. By contrast, /v/ developed into /b/ and /β̞/ in Spanish and Gascon, under influence of Basque, hence the divergence.


Hanovre

Hanover (the capital and largest city of Lower Saxony, Germany)


Marson

→ English: Marson

* (rue voie romaine Saumur-Doué): From Latin Marcum, from Marcus, from Martinus (“Saint Martin”) (Bishop of Tours), from Martis, from Mars.

Ellipsis of Marson-sur-Barboure. A commune of Vaucouleurs canton, Commercy, Meuse department, Grand Est, France

Marson-sur-Barboure

Châlons-en-Champagne 3
Châlons-en-Champagne 3#English

A commune and village Châlons-en-Champagne 3 canton, Châlons-en-Champagne, Marne department, Grand Est, France

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

A village in Riou-Marson district, Rou-Marson, Saumur canton, Saumur, Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France


Saône

→ English: Saône

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-église Saint-Louis de Fontaines-sur-Saône.wav

Saône (a right tributary of the Rhône, in eastern France)


Phuket

Phuket (a city, province, and island in Thailand)


Amiens

Amiens (the capital city of the Somme department, Hauts-de-France region, France)


Ille

Inherited from Middle French Yle, from Old French Ysla, from Isla, from Latin īnsula (“island”).


Australie-Occidentale

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Western Australia (a state of Australia)


mer Égée

Haitian Creole: lanmè Eje

desc

→ Persian: دریای اژه (daryâ-ye eže) (partial calque)

From Latin Aegaeum mare, itself a partial calque of Ancient Greek Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος (Aigaîon pélagos).

der

Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος


Assise

Assisi (a town and comune of Perugia, Umbria, Italy)


fr-proper noun

le Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord

le Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord m

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland#English

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the official name of the United Kingdom, a country in Western Europe)

fr:Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord


livre sterling

fr-noun

livre sterling f (plural livres sterling)


Tibériade

From the Latin Tiberiadem, from Ancient Greek Τιβεριάς (Tiberiás).


Jéricho

Inherited from Middle French Iericho, from Old French Iericho, from Latin Ierichō, from Ancient Greek Ἰεριχώ (Ierikhṓ), from Biblical Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ (yərīḥō).

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Cap-Haïtien

English: Cap-Haïtien, Cape Haitien

Cap-Haïtien (a city on the north coast of Haiti).


Guyane française

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Geispitzen

A commune of the Haut-Rhin department, Alsace, France


Wissembourg

A commune of the Bas-Rhin department, Alsace, France


Ammerschwihr

Ammerschwihr (a small town and commune of the Haut-Rhin department, Grand Est, Alsace, France, near the large town of Colmar)


îles Féroé

les îles Féroé (canonical feminine plural)

Faroe Islands (an archipelago and autonomous country in Denmark)


Dornach

A neighbourhood in western Mulhouse, Alsace, France

A town in Solothurn canton, in northern Switzerland


Colmar

Possibly from a Roman name Latin collis Martis or collis Marius, or from Frankish/Germanic elements corresponding to English coal market, or from Latin columba (“pigeon”).

A city in central Alsace, eastern France


Belfort

From Old French Belfort, from bel (“beautiful”) + fort. Doublet of beaufort.

Territoire de Belfort
Territoire de Belfort#English

Belfort (a city and commune, the prefecture of the Territoire de Belfort department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Bouroundi

Rare spelling of Burundi (“Burundi (a country in East Africa)”).


Ethiopie

Alternative form of Éthiopie: Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


Equateur

Alternative form of Équateur: Ecuador (a country in South America)


Kirghizstan

Alternative form of Kirghizistan: Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Pichilemu

[…] de bonne heure il mouilla à Pichilemu, à 90 milles au sud de Valparaiso […]

1893, Revue maritime et coloniale, volume 116, page 106:

De San Fernando part un embranchement de chemin de fer qui se rend a la Palmilla et aboutira plus tard sur la côte, à la rade ouverte et peu hospitalière de Pichilemu.

1898, Edouard Charton, Le Tour du monde: nouveau journal des voyages, page 622:

Du surf vers Pichilemu pour les amateurs.

2011, Dominique Auzias, Jean-Paul Labourdette, Chili - Îles de Paques, page 178:


Pamir

Pamir (a mountain range in Central Asia)


Polynésie française

French Polynesia
French Polynesia#English

French Polynesia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Lithuanie

Alternative form of Lituanie: Lithuania (a country in Eastern Europe)


Cervin

Inherited from Middle French Servin, from Old French Selvin, from Late Latin mōns (“mountain”) silvanus (“wooded”). The first letter was changed to a C when Genevan geologist Horace Bénédict de Saussure confused the name with French cerf (“deer”).


précipice

tomber dans un précipice


presqu'île

presqu’ île (canonical feminine)
presqu’îles (plural)

From presque (“almost”) + île (“island”), a calque of Latin paenīnsula.

Mytilène […] s’étageait autrefois en amphithéâtre sur une presqu’île à demi détachée, qui était reliée à la terre que par des ponts de pierre blanche.

1901, Pierre Louÿs, “Lesbos aujourd'hui”, in Archipel, published 1932:


escarpement

→ English: escarpment

(uncountable) steepness (state of being steep)


Mytilène

Mytilene (the capital city of the island of Lesbos, Greece, and capital city of the North Aegean region, Greece)


Casablanca

Casablanca (the capital city of the region of Casablanca-Settat, Morocco)


Virginie-Occidentale

West Virginia (a state of the United States)


Claira

English: Claira

Borrowed from Catalan Clairà. Clayra attested on the Cassini map (1740s).

Claira (a town and commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France)


Messines

The municipality in Québec is named after the city of Messines in Belgium; Canadian troops fought in and around the city during the First World War.

La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau
La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau#English

Messines (a municipality of La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada).


Haut-Canada

Haut (“high”) + Canada. From its position on the Saint Lawrence River.


Bas-Canada

bas (“low”) + Canada. From its position on the Saint Lawrence River.


Abyssinie

Abyssinia (former name of Ethiopia, a country in East Africa)


Asie centrale

Central Asia (smaller area of Central Asia)


Thorne

The municipality is named after the English market town of Thorne.

A municipality of Pontiac, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Auxerre

Auxerre (a city and commune of the Yonne department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Annecy

Inherited from Middle French Anasseu, from the Gallo-Roman name, Latin Anneacum, Anericiacum, Anicius, Aniciacus, Aniciaca, "belonging to Anecius," from a Germanic personal name Anerik (Latinized Annarigus).

Annecy (a city, the capital of the Haute-Savoie department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Saint-Malo

Said to be named after Saint Malo of Wales, whose name could be from Old Breton machlou, from mach (“hostage, warrant”) + lou (“beautiful, bright, brilliant”) (probably from the same source as Gaulish leux (“light, brilliance”)).


Cantal

Cantal (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Cloutier

From cloutier.
The neighbourhood is named after Catholic bishop François-Xavier Cloutier (1848 - 1934).

A neighbourhood and former municipality of Rouyn-Noranda, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Vérone

Verona (the capital city of the province of Verona, Veneto, Italy)


Palerme

Palermo (a metropolitan city of Sicily, Italy)

Palermo (the capital city of Sicily, Italy; capital city of the metropolitan city of Palermo, Sicily, Italy)


Livourne

Borrowed from Italian Livorno, from Old Italian Legorno, from Latin Liburnus, from Liburni, name of the ancient population of Liburnians.

Livorno (a province and city in Tuscany, Italy)


Pouilles

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Ombrie

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Basilicate

Basilicata (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Aoste

Borrowed from Franco-Provençal, from the Latin name of the location, Augusta Praetōria Salassōrum, whence also Italian Aosta.


Campanie

Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Ardennes

Ardennes (forest and mountainous region in France, Belgium, Germany and Luxembourg)

Ardennes (a department of Grand Est, France, (INSEE code 08))


Allemagne de l'Est

Allemagne de l’ Est (canonical feminine)

East Germany (a former country in Central Europe)


Ajaccio

Borrowed from Italian Ajaccio, from Corsican Aiacciu, Old Italian Addiazzo, from Latin Adiacium, possibly from Tuscan Italian agghiacciu (“sheep pen”), or from a derivative of Byzantine Greek ἀγαθός (agathós, “good fortune, mooring”); related to Agde.

der

Ajaccio (the capital and largest city of Corsica, France)


croustade

From Old French crouste (modern croûte) + -ade.

suffix

modern <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">croûte</i>


Amherst

The name of the municipality is derived from the English surname Amherst. The town is named after British military officer Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (1717–1797).

A township municipality of Les Laurentides, Laurentides, Quebec, Canada.


Ouest

LL-Q150 (fra)-Arthur Crbz-canton de Vincennes-Ouest.wav

A department of Haiti. Capital: Port-au-Prince


mer Adriatique

Adriatic Sea (sea that stretches from the Ionian Sea to the Gulf of Venice)


Amour

The world's ninth longest river, forming the border between the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin

An oblast in far eastern Russia; its administrative centre is Blagoveshchensk


mer Morte

Dead Sea (a highly saline lake in Israel, Palestine and Jordan)


mer des Caraïbes

la mer des Caraïbes (canonical feminine)

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-mer des Caraïbes.wav

Meronym: archipel de San Blas

Caribbean Sea (a tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere)


Saragosse

From Old French Sarragoce, ultimately from Latin Caesaraugusta.


Ceylan

Ceylon (the former name of Sri Lanka, an island and country in South Asia)


Pondichéry

Borrowed from Tamil பாண்டிச்சேரி (pāṇṭiccēri).

bor+

பாண்டிச்சேரி

Puducherry (a union territory of India, previously called Pondicherry)

Puducherry (the capital and largest city of Puducherry, India, previously called Pondicherry)


Dubaï

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Dubai (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Padoue

From Vulgar Latin Patava, Pataua, ultimately from Latin Patavium, the Roman name.

Padua (the capital city of the province of Padua, Veneto, Italy)


Byzance

Borrowed from Latin Byzantium, borrowed from Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion).


Denholm

Derived from English Denholm. The municipality is named after the village of Denholm in Scotland.

A municipality of La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


caye

Haitian Creole: kay


Fontenay-aux-Roses

The commune name originates from a local stream from a spring (fons, fontaine) in the hillside descending from the Châtillon plateau, with the addition ("of roses") added to distinguish this commune from numerous French communes named Fontenay.

Fontenay-aux-Roses (a town and commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department, France)


Grenelle

→ English: Grenelle

→ Russian: Грене́ль (Grenélʹ)

Grenelle (a neighbourhood of Paris, France)


Occitanie

→ English: Occitanie

Occitania (a historical region in Western Europe)

administrative region
administrative region

Occitanie (an administrative region in southern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées)


îles Mariannes du Nord

fr-proper noun

îles Mariannes du Nord f pl (plural only)

Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands#English

Northern Mariana Islands (an archipelago and dependent territory of the United States in the Pacific Ocean)


péninsule ibérique

La péninsule ibérique est entourée par la mer Méditerranée au sud et au sud-est, l’océan Atlantique au sud-ouest, à l’ouest et au nord-ouest, et les Pyrénées au nord-est qui séparent l’Espagne de la France.

The Iberian Peninsula is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and south-east, the Atlantic Ocean to the south-west, west and north-west, and the Pyrenees to the north-east, which separate Spain from France.


Forêt-Noire

Black Forest (a mountainous region in southwestern Germany)


Timiskaming

The name of the reserve is derived from that of a nearby lake, derived in turn from an Algonquin source.

A Native American reserve in Témiscamingue, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Biafra

Biafra (a short-lived secessionist state in southern Nigeria in the late 1960s)


Norilsk

Borrowed from Russian Нори́льск (Norílʹsk).

bor+

Holonym: kraï de Krasnoïarsk

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai#English

Norilsk (a city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia)


Garonne

Inherited from Latin Garumna, Garonna, probably from Gaulish *garunda (“shallows, riverbank”).

der

Garonne (a long river in southwestern France)


Dordogne

Named after the river Dordogne, from Latin Duranius (named by Ausonius).
Folk etymology derives it from two mountain streams, Dor (shortened from mont d’ or (“mountain of gold”) and dogne, from dord (“babbling, muttering”) (imitative) + aven (“river”), though this may have influenced the spelling.

Dordogne (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Dordogne (a long river in south-central and southwestern France)


Sarthe

Sarthe (a department of Pays de la Loire, France)

Sarthe (a right tributary of the Loire, in northwestern France)


Isère

Isère (a left tributary of the Rhône, in southeastern France)

Isère (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Gironde

Gironde (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Gironde (an estuary in southwestern France)


Poitiers

English: Poitiers

Inherited from Middle French Poictiers, from Old French Peitiers, from Latin Pictāva, Pictāvium, Pictāvis, after the Pictones, the Gaulish tribe inhabiting the region.

Poitiers (a city, the capital of the Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Montner

Borrowed from Catalan Montner (literally “black mountain”).

bor+

Montner (a small town and commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Pollestres

Borrowed from Catalan Pollestres, from Latin palūdestris, feminine of palūdester (“swampy, marshy”), from palūs, palūdis (“swamp, marsh”) + -ester.

Pollestres (a town and commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Vingrau

Borrowed from Catalan Vingrau: maybe from vint graons (“twenty steps”), but more probably from the Germanic given name Winigaud or from vin (“wine”) + grau (“degree, grade”).

Vingrau (a small town and commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Doubs

From Gaulish Dubis, from the root of Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”). Compare Latin Dūbis, Breton du (“black”).

Doubs (a river in France and Switzerland)

Meronyms: Doubien, Doubiste

Doubs (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Nîmes

→ English: Nîmes

Previously Nismes, from Middle French Nismes, ultimately from Latin Colonia Nemausus, from the name of a Gaulish god.

Holonym: Gard

Meronyms: Pissevin-Valdegour, Vaquerolles

Nîmes (a city in the Gard department, Occitanie, France)


Montferrer

→ English: Montferrer

/mɔ̃.fɛ.ʁɛʁ/

Montferrer (a village in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France)

(very rare) a French surname from Catalan


Arles

→ English: Arles

*(Bouches-du-Rhône): Borrowed from Occitan Arle; from Latin Arelate.
*(Pyrénées-Orientales): Borrowed from Catalan Arles; from Latin Arulas.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Arles (a city in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


République fédérale d'Allemagne

République fédérale d’ Allemagne (canonical feminine)

Federal Republic of Germany
Federal Republic of Germany#English

Federal Republic of Germany, Germany (a country in Central Europe)

Federal Republic of Germany, West Germany (a former country in Central Europe, existing from 1949 to 1990)


Lancastre

Lancaster (a city, the county town of Lancashire, England)


Slavonie

Slavonia (a geographical region and former kingdom in eastern Croatia)


Perpignan

Inherited from Latin Perpenniānum, from the given name Perpenna, an Etruscan name.

Holonym: Roussillon

Meronyms: Bas-Vernet, Château-Roussillon, Clos Banet, Mailloles, Mas Guérido, Moulin-à-Vent, Saint-Assiscle, Saint-Gaudérique, Saint-Martin

Perpignan (a city in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France)


Gange

→ Arabic: الْغَانْج (al-ḡānj)

→ Iranian Persian: گانْژ (gânž)

→ Turkish: Ganj

Borrowed from Latin Gangēs, from Ancient Greek Γάγγης (Gángēs), from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gáṅgā, literally “swift-goer”).


Saint-Denis

Saint-Denis (the capital and largest city of Réunion, France)

Dominique, gilet jaune de la première à Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis), ne manque jamais les manifestations de soignants organisées dans sa ville, chaque mardi devant l’hôpital Delafontaine et chaque jeudi, devant l’hôpital Casanova, car pour lui, "blouses blanches, gilets jaunes, c’est le même combat !"

2020 11 June, Hajera Mohammad, “À Saint-Denis, "blouses blanches et gilets jaunes, c'est le même combat !"”, in France Bleu:

Dominique, a yellow-vest protester from Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis) never fails to attend demonstrations in this city, every Tuesday at the Delafontaine hospital and every Thursday at the Casanova hospital, because according to her “white coats, yellow vests, it's all the same fight!”

Saint-Denis (a town and commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France, France)


Montmartre

→ English: Montmartre

→ Russian: Монма́ртр (Monmártr)

A neighbourhood of Paris, Île-de-France, France.


Empire romain

/ɑ̃.piʁ‿.ʁɔ.mɛ̃/


Persépolis

Persepolis (ancient ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, in modern Iran)


Vosges

Vosges (a mountain range in eastern France)

Vosges (a department of Grand Est, France)


Corne de l'Afrique

Corne de l’ Afrique (canonical feminine)


La Rochelle

→ English: La Rochelle, Rochelle

⇒ English: New Rochelle

→ French: New Rochelle → La Nouvelle-Rochelle (calque)

Literally, “the Little Rock”, from Old French rochelle. Equivalent to roche + -elle.

La Rochelle (a port city and commune of the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Pavie

Pavia (the capital city of the province of Pavia, Lombardy, Italy)


Pavie

→ English: Pavie

Pavie (a city in the Gers department, France)


mont Blanc

→ English: Mont Blanc

→ Russian: Монбла́н (Monblán)

Literally, “white mountain”. Cognate to Italian Monte Bianco.


Genk

Genk (a city and municipality of Belgium)


piémont

→ Catalan: piemont

→ Romanian: piemont

From Medieval Latin Pedemontem, from Latin ad pedem montium. By surface analysis, pied (“foot”) + -mont (“hill”).


Corrèze

Corrèze (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Corrèze (a left tributary of the Vézère, in southwestern France)


Creuse

Creuse (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Creuse (a right tributary of the Vienne, in southwestern France)


Aube

Aube (a department of Grand Est, France)

Aube (a right tributary of the Seine, in northeastern France)


Indre

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Indre (a department of Centre-Val de Loire, France)

Indre (a left tributary of the Loire, in central France)


Alpes-Maritimes

→ English: Alpes-Maritimes

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: ساحلی آلپ (Sâhılî Alp) (partial calque)

Alpes-Maritimes (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Drôme

Drôme (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Drôme (a left tributary of the Rhône, in southeastern France)


Aveyron

Named after the Arve River, of uncertain origin, possibly a Celtic name from Proto-Celtic *garwos (“violent, rough, bumpy”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to bristle”). Compare Welsh garw (“rough, bumpy”) and Irish garbh.

der

Aveyron (a department of Occitanie, France)

Aude (a right tributary of the Tarn, in southern France)


Charente

Charente (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Charente (a river in southwestern France)


Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

fr-proper noun

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence f pl (plural only)

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Gers

Gers (a department of Occitanie, France)

Gers (a left tributary of the Garonne, in southern France)


Allier

Allier (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Allier (a left tributary of the Loire, in central France)


Hérault

Found in Latin as Arauris (or Araura by Strabo), the name of a river. The name is sometimes considered Pre-Celtic although the element Ara- suggests a Celtic root.

Hérault (a department of Occitanie, France)


Ariège

The department is named after the river; said to be from Latin aurigera (“bearing gold”), referring to the Gauls' practice of panning gold.

Meronym: Couserans

Ariège (a department of Occitanie, France)

Ariège (a right tributary of the Garonne in Occitanie, France)


Bas-Rhin

Bas-Rhin (a department of Grand Est, France)


Eure

Inherited from Middle French Evreux, from Latin Autricum. The department is named for the river.

Eure (a left tributary of the Seine, in northwestern France)


Aisne

From the Roman name, Latin Acinum, Latinized from the Gaulish river Axona.

Aisne (a department of Hauts-de-France, France)

Aisne (a left tributary of the Oise, in northeastern France)


Essonne

Named after the river, from the Gallo-Roman water goddess, Gaulish and Latin Acionna, Acionnae, of Celtic origin, probably sharing the same Proto-Indo-European source as the river Axona.

Essonne (a department of Île-de-France, France)

Essonne (a left tributary of the Seine, in northern France)


Loiret

Loiret (a department of Centre-Val de Loire, France)

Loiret (a left tributary of the Loire, in central France)


Lozère

Lozère (a department of Occitanie, France)

Mont Lozère (a mountain, the highest peak in the Cévennes mountain range, in southern France)


Nièvre

Nièvre (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)

Nièvre (a right tributary of the Loire, in central France)


Yvelines

Yvelines (a department of Île-de-France, France)


Oise

Named after the River Oise, itself from or related to the Roman river name Latin Isara, thus also related to the river Isère.

Oise (a department of Hauts-de-France, France)

Oise (a right tributary of the Seine, in northeastern France and Belgium)


Var

Var (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Vaucluse

From Latin Vallis Clausa (“closed valley”), from vallis + clausa; compare Occitan Vauclusa.

Vaucluse (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)

Vaucluse (a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)


Côtes-d'Armor

Côtes-d’Armor (canonical feminine plural)

Côtes-d'Armor (a department of Brittany, France)


Marne

From Latin Mātrona (“Marne”), from Gaulish *Mātronā, from Proto-Celtic *Mātronā, a derivative of Proto-Celtic *mātīr (“mother”).

Marne (a department of Grand Est, France)

Marne (a right tributary of the Seine, in eastern France)


Asturies

autonomous community
autonomous community

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Shanghaï

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Bernon

Bernon (a commune of the department of Aube, Champagne, Grand Est, France)


Klamath

The Klamath (a river in southern Oregon, and northern California)


Crimée

→ Persian: کریمه (kerime)


Berry

Inherited from Latin Biturigum, genitive plural of Bituriges, the name of a Celtic tribe. The municipality is named after the Régiment de Berry.

A region and former province in central France.

A municipality of Abitibi, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Arabie

From Latin Arabia; alternatively from arabe + -ie.


Crète

→ Lao: ກະແລັດ (ka læt)

→ Persian: کرت (keret)


Tonkin

English: Tonkin

From Vietnamese Đông Kinh, a former name for Hanoi. Also see Pékin (“Beijing”) and Nankin (“Nanjing”).

A gulf in northern Vietnam: the Gulf of Tonkin


Sichem

(historical) Shechem (an ancient city in the southern Levant; modern Nablus)


Philadelphie

Philadelphia (a large city in Pennsylvania, United States)


Syrte

English: Syrte

From Latin Syrtis, from Ancient Greek Σύρτις (Súrtis), q.v.


Lystre

Lystra (an ancient city in central Anatolia, in modern Turkey)


Nicopolis

Nicopolis (ancient capital of the province of Epirus Vetus of the Roman Empire, in modern Greece)


Cyrène

Holonym: Cyrénaïque


baie de Guanabara

Le 10 novembre, Villegaignon mouille dans la baie de Guanabara, où Français et Portugais se disputaient depuis plusieurs années les faveurs des indigènes.

1955, Claude Lévi-Strauss, chapter 9, in Tristes Tropiques, Plon, published 1993, →ISBN, page 90:

On November 10th, Villegaignon anchored in the bay of Guanabara, where for several years the French and the Portuguese had been vying with each other in wooing the natives.

Guanabara Bay (a bay in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)


Villegaignon

Villegaignon fonde, sur une île en pleine baie, le Fort-Coligny; les Indiens le construisent, ils ravitaillent la petite colonie; mais vite dégoûtés de donner sans recevoir, ils se sauvent, désertent leurs villages.

1955, Claude Lévi-Strauss, chapter IX, in Tristes Tropiques, Plon, published 1993, →ISBN, page 91; republished as John & Doreen Weightman, transl., Tristes Tropiques, Penguin, 2011, →ISBN:

— Villegaignon founded Fort Coligny on an island right in the centre of the bay; Indians built it and kept the small colony provided with food; but they soon wearied of giving without receiving anything in return, and fled, abandoning their villages.


Cenchrées

Kechries (a village in Corinthia, Peloponnese, Greece)


Bethléhem

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Vallée des rois

Valley of the Kings (Egyptian valley known for its tombs)


Cnide

From Latin Cnidus, from Ancient Greek Κνίδος (Knídos).


Tamanduatehy

Sur le talus descendant vers le Tamanduatehy et qui domine les quartiers populaires du Braz et de la Penha, subsistaient encore en 1935 quelques ruelles provinciales et des largos : places carrées et herbues, entourées de maisons basses à toit de tuiles et à petites fenêtres grillagées, peintes à la chaux, [...]

1955, Claude Lévi-Strauss, chapter XI, in Tristes Tropiques, Plon, published 1993, →ISBN, page 109; republished as John & Doreen Weightman, transl., Tristes Tropiques, Penguin, 2011, →ISBN:

— On the slope which leads down to the Tamanduatehy and overlooks the working-class districts of Braz and Penha, there still remained, in 1935, a few small provinvial streets and largos, grassy squares surrounded by low, tiled and whitewashed houses with small barred windows.


Penha

A municipality of Santa Catarina, Brazil


Ville de Québec

Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


Frobisher Bay

Frobisher Bay (a bay at the southern end of Baffin Island, Canada)

Frobisher Bay (the former name of Iqaluit, the capital city of Nunavut, Canada)


roche moutonnée

fr-noun

roche moutonnée f (plural roches moutonnées)


Haute-Loire

A department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France


Puy-de-Dôme

Puy-de-Dôme (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Loire-Atlantique

Loire-Atlantique (a department of Pays de la Loire, France)


Eure-et-Loir

Eure-et-Loir (a department of Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Pyrénées-Atlantiques (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Haute-Vienne

Haute-Vienne (a department of Limousin, France)


Bouches-du-Rhône

Bouches-du-Rhône (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Lot-et-Garonne

Lot-et-Garonne (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Charente-Maritime

Charente-Maritime (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Chartres

Modern French pronunciation of Latin Carnūtēs, name of a Gaulish tribe, from a Celtic root for “rock, stone”.

Chartres (a town, the department capital of Eure-et-Loir, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Appalaches

Appalachians (a mountain range in North America)


Carolines

Caroline Islands
Caroline Islands#English

Federated States of Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia#English

Caroline Islands (archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, politically divided between the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau)


Charols

Charols (a village and commune of the Drôme department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Ségou

A city in south-central Mali, lying 235 kilometres (146 mi) northeast of Bamako on the River Niger


Cordoue

Córdoba (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Cantorbéry

Canterbury (a cathedral city in Kent, England)


tourbière

→ Italian: torbiera


Saint-Germain-des-Prés

An area in Paris where a former abbey of the same name once stood


îles Malouines

desc

→ Spanish: islas Malvinas (partial calque)

From malouin (“of Saint-Malo”), so named by explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1764 because they were occupied by sailors from the French port of Saint-Malo.

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English:_Q9648

Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic)


Madère

From Portuguese madeira (“wood, timber”).


Mélanésie

→ Dutch: Melanesië

→ English: Melanesia

→ German: Melanesien

Coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville, from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants.


Minorque

From Late Latin Minorca, from Latin balearis minor. Compare Majorque.


Modène

Modena (a province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

Modena (a city in Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Nivernais

(historical) A province of France, with its capital in Nevers.


Pompéi

Pompeii (an ancient city in the Roman Empire, in modern Italy)


Saint-Domingue

(now historical) Saint-Domingue (a former French colony on the island of Hispaniola, roughly equivalent to modern-day Haiti)

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


Boulibaba

Enfin nous arrivâmes à Boulibaba, village habité par des Foulahs pasteurs, qui passent une partie de l’année dans les bois, et ne se nourrissent que de lait assaisonné du fruit du baobab.

1830, René Caillié, Voyage à Tombouctou, Paris: La Découverte, published 1996, →ISBN, page 47:

An unidentified former settlement in West Africa


Gandiolle

Nous partîmes, le 5 février 1819, de Gandiolle, village du royaume de Cayor, situé à peu de distance du Sénégal.

1830, René Caillié, Voyage à Tombouctou, Paris: La Découverte, published 1996, →ISBN, page 45:

Alternative spelling of Gandiol, a town and municipality of Senegal


Ghiolof

Arrivés sur les frontières du Cayor, nous trouvâmes un désert qui le sépare du Ghiolof. On sait qu’autrefois ces deux pays appartenaient au même souverain, qui les gouvernait sous le titre de bour (ou empereur), [...]

1830, René Caillié, Voyage à Tombouctou, Paris: La Découverte, published 1996, →ISBN, page 46:

(obsolete) A former country in West Africa


Boundou

Bondu (former state in present-day Senegal)


Boulibané

Enfin, nous sommes dans le Bondou. M. Partarrieu, qui redoutait extrêmement la rencontre de l’almamy, voulait éviter Boulibané, sa résidence ordinaire, pour gagner promptement et directement Bakel ; mais les habitants de Potako, second village que nous trouvâmes, manifestèrent la volonté de s’opposer à ce projet.

1830, René Caillié, Voyage à Tombouctou, Paris: La Découverte, published 1996, →ISBN, page 49:

Finally, we find ourselves in Bondu. Mr Partarrieu, who was extremely reluctant to meet the almami [Fula leader], wanted to avoid Bulibani, his usual place of residence, and quickly head straight to Bakel; but the inhabitants of Potako, the second village that we came across, expressed their opposition to this plan.

Bulibani (a former town in modern Senegal)


Roubaix

Probably of Frankish origin, from *rausa (“reed”) + *baki (“brook”), from Proto-Germanic *rauzą + *bakiz. For the first element see roseau (“reed”).

Volume 24 of the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. New York, International Publishers
Extract from article “Two Model Town Councils” written by Frederick Engels, originally published in The Labour Standard No. 8 on June 25, 1881

1989, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Collected works: Marx and Engels, 1874-83, page 394

Shortly before the establishment of the Labour Standard, there was a strike of factory operatives in the town of Roubaix, close on the Belgian frontier.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Sèvres

LL-Q150 (fra)-Bastenbas (Bastenbas (Lingua))-Sèvres.wav


Périgueux

Roman name, from Latin Petrocorii, Gaulish tribe name, from *petru (“four”) + *corii (“tribes”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷetwores (“four”) + *koryos (“army, tribe”). Compare Old Irish cuire.

Périgueux (a commune, the capital of the department of Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France).


Montecristo

Montecristo (an island in Italy, in the Tyrrhenian Sea)


Saïda

→ English: Saïda

Borrowed from Arabic صَيْدَا (ṣaydā), from Classical Arabic صَيْدُون (ṣaydūn), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn).

Saïda (a port city in Lebanon), the modern city representing the ancient Sidon.


Saïda

→ English: Saïda

Saïda (a city, the capital of Saïda, Algeria)

Saïda (a province of Algeria; capital: Saïda)


Cadix

Borrowed from Spanish Cádiz, from Arabic قَادِس (qādis), from Latin Gādēs, from Ancient Greek Γάδειρα (Gádeira), from Phoenician 𐤂𐤃𐤓 (gdr /gādēr, gādīr/).


Narbonne

→ English: Narbonne

From Latin Narbō or Late Latin Narbōna (founded as the colony Narbo Martius), whence also came the Latin name for the province Gallia Narbonensis; via Ancient Greek from the name of an ancient tribe, perhaps Iberian.

Narbonne (a town and commune in Aude department, Occitanie, southern France, formerly in the Languedoc-Roussillon region)


banc de sable

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-banc de sable.wav


Tosh

From Yiddish טאהש (Tosh), from Hebrew טאהש (Tash).

Ellipsis of Kiryas Tosh.; Tosh (a neighbourhood of Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada)

Kiryas Tosh

Synonym of Nyírtass Nyírtass (a village in Hungary)


Sorbets

Borrowed from Occitan Sorbets. Attested on the Cassini map (1740s).

Holonym: Gers

Meronym: Marsan

Sorbets (a village in the Gers department, Occitanie, France)

Holonym: Landes

Sorbets (a village in the Landes department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Mignon

Holonym: Nouvelle-Aquitaine

The Mignon (a left tributary of the Sèvre Niortaise in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Nordeste

Meronym: Sertao

Northeast Region
Northeast Region#English

Northeast Region (a macroregion of Brazil)


Haut-Rhin

Holonym: Alsace

Meronyms: Breitenbach-Haut-Rhin, Colmar, Orbey, Kaysersberg, Ribeauvillé

Haut-Rhin (a department of Grand Est, France)


Angoumois

→ English: Angoumois

→ Portuguese: Angoumois

Holonym: Charente

Meronyms: Angoulême, La Rochefoucauld-en-Angoumois


Royaume de Belgique

LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Royaume de Belgique.wav

Kingdom of Belgium
Kingdom of Belgium#English

Kingdom of Belgium (the official name of Belgium, a country in Western Europe)


Haute-Volta

Upper Volta (the former name of Burkina Faso, a country in West Africa)


République démocratique du Congo

LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-République Démocratique du Congo.wav

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Phlégéthon

From Latin Phlegethōn, from Ancient Greek Φλεγέθων (Phlegéthōn).


Achéron

Borrowed from Latin Acherōn, from Ancient Greek Ἀχέρων (Akhérōn, “lamentation”).


Cocyte

Borrowed from Latin Cōcȳtus, from Ancient Greek Κωκυτός (Kōkutós, “lamentation”).


Hautefort

Hautefort (a town and commune of the Dordogne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Beresford

Borrowed from English Beresford. The town is named after military officer and politician William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford (1768 - 1854).

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

A settlement in British Columbia, Canada.

Gloucester County
Gloucester County#English

A town in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada.

A city in Lincoln County, South Dakota, United States.


Arménistan

1963, Nicolas Bouvier, L'Usage du Monde, 2005 ed., Payot & Rivages, p. 159; translated 1992 by Robyn Marsack as The Way of the World, 2011 ed., Eland

— Turkish cuisine is the heartiest in the world; Iranian has a refined simplicity; Armenistan is unequalled for pickles and sweet-and-sour; for ourselves, we ate a great deal of bread …

La cuisine turque est la plus substantielle du monde ; l’iranienne, d’une subtile simplicité ; l’Arménistan, inégalable dans le confit et l’aigre-doux ; nous, nous mangions surtout du pain.


désert du Lout

1963, Nicolas Bouvier, L'Usage du Monde, 2005 ed., Payot & Rivages, p. 298; translated 1992 by Robyn Marsack as The Way of the World, 2011 ed., Eland

— It was the southern extremity of the Lut desert where year in, year out, half a dozen drivers turn to dust because of a broken axle or a battery dried out by the sun.

C’est l’extrémité méridionale du désert du Lout où, bon an mal an, pour un axe cassé, pour une batterie séchée par le soleil, une demi-douzaine de chauffeurs laissent leur peau.


Piogre

1963, Nicolas Bouvier, L'Usage du Monde, 2005 ed., Payot & Rivages, pp. 393-394; translated 1992 by Robyn Marsack as The Way of the World, 2011 ed., Eland

At Zebak there was a clay and straw mosque and about twenty dilapidated houses, filled with smoke by the mounted patrol who guarded access to the upper Wakan and the Chinese border. Beyond that there was nothing apart from the solitary slopes of the Pamirs, where a handful of trappers hunted the blue fox and the snow leopard. A journey you wouldn't wish on anyone: to the end of the world. Zebak is Piogre.

Et Zebak, c’est une mosquée de torchis et une vingtaine de masures enfumées par la patrouille montée qui contrôle l’accès du haut Wakhan et de la frontière chinoise. Au-delà, il n’y a plus que les versants solitaires du Pamir où une poignée de trappeurs chassent le renard bleu et le léopard des neiges. Un voyage qu’on ne souhaite à personne, le bout du monde. Zebak c’est Piogre.

(Switzerland) an imaginary, exceedingly remote town; Timbuktu


Zebak

— At Zebak there was a clay and straw mosque and about twenty dilapidated houses, filled with smoke by the mounted patrol who guarded access to the upper Wakan and the Chinese border.

Et Zebak, c’est une mosquée de torchis et une vingtaine de masure enfumées par la patrouille montée qui contrôle l’accès du haut Wakhan et de la frontière chinoise.

Zebak (the capital city of the Zebak District, Badakhshan, Afghanistan)


Cornouaille

Inherited from Middle French Cornuaille, from Old French Cornuaille, from Early Medieval Latin Cornugallēnsis, of Celtic/Brythonic origin, corresponding to Proto-Brythonic *Körnɨw + the Germanic wealas (“Romans, Celts”) (see wealh). More at Cornouaille.


Saint-Vincent-et-Grenadines

fr-proper noun

Saint-Vincent-et-Grenadines m pl (plural only)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Germanie

(historical) Germania, a region inhabited by Germanic peoples

(rare) Germany (a country in Central Europe)


Bergerac

From the Old French and Frankish form Bragayrac, from Vulgar Latin *Bracariacum, a diminutive of the Latin or Gaulish name *Braccius, which could have evolved in meaning from bracchium (“arm”).

Bergerac (a city in the Dordogne department, France)


Bois-le-Duc

Spanish: Bolduque

A calque of Dutch 's-Hertogenbosch (literally “the duke's forest”).

uder

's-Hertogenbosch (a city in the Netherlands)


Angoulême

Holonym: Angoumois

Angoulême (a city in the Charente department, France)


Barcelonnette

Barcelonnette (a small alpine town in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Boileau

English: Boileau

desc

→ Chinese: → 布瓦洛 (Bùwǎluò) (transliteration)

From bois + l’ + eau, literally “drink water”; nickname of a teetotaler. The first component of the compound is an imperative form of boire.
The municipality in Québec is named after its first postmaster, one Pierre Boileau.

af

A municipality of Papineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Pingtung

Borrowed from Wade–Giles romanization of Chinese 屏東 (Píngdōng) Wade-Giles romanization: Pʻing²-tung¹.


Chiasso

Chiasso (a village and former commune of Mendrisio, Ticino canton, Switzerland)


Saint-Empire romain germanique

Literally, “Germanic Roman Holy-Empire”.

Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire#English

(history) Holy Roman Empire (a former state in Central Europe)

Roman Holy-Empire of the German[ic] Nation

Saint-Empire romain de la nation germanique


Marais

From marais, from it formerly being a swampy area.


Passy

→ English: Passy

→ Russian: Пасси́ (Passí)

Passy (a neighbourhood of Paris, France)


Nanterre

LL-Q150 (fra)-Bastenbas (Bastenbas (Lingua))-Nanterre.wav

From the Roman name, Latin Nemetodurum, a Gaulish name from Proto-Celtic *nemetom (“sanctuary”) and Gaulish *durom (“door”) (the second element found also in Augustodurum), from Proto-Celtic *dwār, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr.

Nanterre (a city in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France, France)


Centrafrique

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


République d'Afrique du Sud

République d’ Afrique du Sud (canonical feminine)

Republic of South Africa
Republic of South Africa#English

Republic of South Africa, South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Loir

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

The Loir (a left tributary of the Sarthe in Centre-Val de Loire and Pays de la Loire, France)


Pharos

Derived from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros) via Latin Pharos.


Yerres

A town and commune of the Essonne department, Île-de-France, France, near Paris


Loudun

A small town in Poitou-Charentes, France


Marquise

A small town and commune of the Pas-de-Calais department, Hauts-de-France, France


Voronej

Voronezh (a city, the administrative center of Voronezh Oblast, Russia)


Dauphin

→ English: Dauphin

From dauphin
* (Dauphin, MB, CA): Named after the French monarchal title, the heir to the French throne.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Dauphin (a commune of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)

Dauphin (a borough in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States)


Dnipro

A city and raion of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine


Sotchi

Borrowed from Russian Со́чи (Sóči), from Georgian სოჭი (soč̣i, “fir”).

Sochi (a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia)


Nijni-Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast#English

Alternative spelling of Nijni Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod (a city, the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia)


Joliette

The municipality is named after the city of Joliette.

A regional county municipality of Lanaudière, Quebec, Canada.


Kamloops

Borrowed from English Kamloops. From French Camp des loups (“camp (“camp”)+loup (“wolf”)”). From Shuswap tk'əmlúps (“meeting of the rivers”).

der

Kamloops (a city in British Columbia, Canada)

Ellipsis of lac Kamloops.: Kamloops Lake (a lake in British Columbia, Canada)


Edmundston

Borrowed from English Edmundston. The city is named after politician and diplomat Edmund Walker Head (1805 - 1868).

Madawaska County
Madawaska County#English

A city in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada.


Lévis

A city and regional county municipality of Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec, Canada.


Chibougamau

Chibougamau (a town and lake in the Nord-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada)


Chisasibi

From Cree ᒋᓴᓯᐱ (cisasipi, “great river”).

Chisasibi (an Indian reserve and village municipality in the Nord-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada)


Saguenay

A city and regional county municipality of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec, Canada.


Sherbrooke

Borrowed from English Sherbrooke, the surname of the British governor general.

A city and regional county municipality of Quebec, Canada.


Dorval

English: Dorval

Island of Montreal
Island of Montreal#English

Dorval: A city in Island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada

YUL (Trudeau airport): An airport in Montreal, Quebec, Canada


Gatineau

English: Gatineau

Korean: 가티노 (Gatino)

A city and regional county municipality of Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.

rivière Gatineau
rivière Gatineau#French

Ellipsis of rivière Gatineau. A river in Quebec, Canada; tributary of the Ottawa River


Waswanipi

From Cree ᐙᔂᓂᐲ (waaswaanipii, “light over the water”), a traditional night-time fishing method.


Arviat

From Inuktitut ᐊᕐᕕᐊᑦ (arfiat) / Arviat, from ᐊᕐᕕᐊᑦ / arviat (“place of the bowhead whale”), from ᐊᕐᕕᒃ / arvik (“bowhead whale”).

Arviat: A hamlet in Kivalliq, Nunavut, Canada


Lunenburg

Borrowed from English Lunenburg, from German Lüneburg.

Lunenburg; A port town in Lunenburg county, Nova Scotia, Canada

Lunenburg County
Lunenburg County#English

Comté de Lunenburg
Comté de Lunenburg#French

Lunenburg County; Ellipsis of Comté de Lunenburg.; A county of Nova Scotia, Canada


Bressanone

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Brixen (a commune and town in Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige)


Zimming

A village and commune of the Moselle department, Grand Est, France


Œuilly

Œuilly (a commune of the Aisne department, France)

Œuilly (a commune of the Marne department, France)


Carros

→ English: Carros

→ Ukrainian: Каррос (Karros)

Holonym: Alpes-Maritimes

Carros (a town and commune of Alpes-Maritimes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Wissant

A commune of the Pas-de-Calais department, France


Clermont

The municipality is named after a French soldier, the sieur de Clermont (d. 1690).

A township municipality of Abitibi-Ouest, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Etats-Unis d'Amérique

fr-proper noun

Etats-Unis d’Amérique m pl (plural only)

Etats-Unis d’ Amérique (canonical masculine plural)

États-Unis d’Amérique
États-Unis d'Amérique#French

United States of America
United States of America#English

Alternative form of États-Unis d’Amérique: United States of America (a country in North America)


Shaoxing

Shaoxing (a prefecture-level city in eastern Zhejiang, China)


Champs-Élysées

a major boulevard in Paris, running between the Place de la Concorde and the Arc de Triomphe


Buryatie

Alternative form of Bouriatie: Buryatia (a republic of Russia)


Beauval

→ English: Beauval

Beauval (a town in the Somme department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Rouleau

English: Rouleau

Rouleau (a town in Saskatchewan, Canada)

Ellipsis of Île Rouleau.; An island in Mistassini, Baie-James, Jamésie, Nord-du-Québec, Québec, Canada


Bowman

The name of the municipality is derived from the English surname Bowman. The municipality is named after early inhabitant and landowner Baxter Bowman.

A municipality of Papineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Hinche

Haitian Creole: Ench

→ English: Hinche

Hinche (A commune in and capital of Centre department in Haiti)


Saintonge

English: Saintonge

From Middle French Xaintonge, from Old French Xainctonge, from Latin Santones, from Ancient Greek Σάντονες, Σάντονοι, Σάντωνες (Sántones, Sántonoi, Sántōnes), a Celtic tribe that lived in the region of Xainctonge and the settlement of Xainctes (now Saintes, France).

der

Σάντονες, Σάντονοι, Σάντωνες

Saintonge (a former province of France), whose capital was the city of Saintes


Maurétanie Césarienne

Borrowed from Latin Maurītānia Caesariēnsis.

bor+

Mauretania Caesariensis
Mauretania Caesariensis

Mauretania Caesariensis (northwest-African province of the Roman Empire)


République de Chine

LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-République de Chine.wav

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

Republic of China, Taiwan (partly-recognized country in East Asia)


République populaire de Chine

LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-République populaire de Chine.wav

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

People's Republic of China, China (a country in East Asia)


Bosnie-et-Herzégovine

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Boulogne

Boulogne, Boulogne-sur-Mer (a coastal city and commune in Pas-de-Calais department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Hébron

Hebron (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Thurso

The city was named by Scottish settlers after the city of Thurso in Scotland.

A city in Papineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Ley

English: Ley

Ley (a commune of the Moselle department, Lorraine, Grand Est, France)


Nijni Novgorod

Borrowed from Russian Ни́жний Но́вгород (Nížnij Nóvgorod).

Ни́жний Но́вгород

Nizhny Novgorod (a city, the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia)


République populaire de Donetsk

Donetsk People's Republic
Donetsk People's Republic#English

Donetsk People's Republic (a self-proclaimed quasi-state, internationally recognized as part of country of Ukraine; one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya)


République populaire de Lougansk

Luhansk People's Republic
Luhansk People's Republic#English

Luhansk People's Republic (a self-proclaimed quasi-state, internationally recognized as part of country of Ukraine; one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya)


Samosate

Borrowed from Latin Samosata, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.


Nankin

Borrowed from Mandarin 南京 (Nánjīng), based on the Nanking court dialect from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Also see Tonkin and Pékin (“Beijing”).

Nanjing (the capital city of Jiangsu, China)


Tenderloin

Tenderloin (a district of San Francisco, California)


Monoblet

A commune of the Gard department, France


Isle

A right tributary of the Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.


Paradou

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

A small town and commune of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France


ÉUA

USA (a country in North America); initialism of États-Unis d’Amérique (“United States of America”)


Jablines

Jablines (a small commune of the Seine-et-Marne department, Île-de-France, France)


Villefort

Villefort (a village and commune of the Aude department, Occitanie, France)

Villefort (a village and commune of the Lozère department, Occitanie, France)


Blois

Inherited from Old French Blais, Bleis, from Late Latin Blesēnses, Blesensibus, Blesis (Merovingian), from Gallo-Roman *Blesu, a Celtic/Gaulish name possibly meaning "wolf," from Proto-Celtic *bledyos (“wolf”).

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Blois (a city and commune, the prefecture of the Loir-et-Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Villiers

English: Villiers

Afrikaans: Villiers

A placename
A number of communes in France


Bathurst

Borrowed from English Bathurst. The city is named after Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst (1762 - 1834).

Gloucester County
Gloucester County#English

Bathurst (a city in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada).


Montcalm

The municipality in Laurentides is named after French general Louis-Joseph de Montcalm (1712 - 1759).

A regional county municipality of Lanaudière, Quebec, Canada.

A municipality of Les Laurentides, Laurentides, Quebec, Canada.


Jacou

A small town and commune of the Hérault department, Languedoc-Roussillon, France


Taninges

Taninges (a town and commune of the Haute-Savoie department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Pernambouc

Northeast Region
Northeast Region#English

Pernambuco (a state of the Northeast Region, Brazil; capital: Recife)


Joinville

A commune of the Haute-Marne department, France.


La Mort aux Juifs

Literally, “Death to the Jews”. It seems likely that the name is a corruption of some older name (albeit surely not an entirely accidental corruption). One theory derives it from an underlying la mare au juin (“the liquid manure pond”).

A former hamlet in the commune of Courtemaux, Loiret department, Centre-Val de Loire, France


Hedjaz

Hejaz (a traditional region in northwest Saudi Arabia)


Montauban

From the Medieval name, Medieval Latin mōns albanus, "white mount".

Montauban (a town and commune, the prefecture of the Tarn-et-Garonne department, Occitanie, France)


Vendôme

Vendôme (a town and commune of the Loir-et-Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Wavrin

→ English: Wavrin

Wavrin (a town and municipality of the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Châtellerault

Châtellerault (a town and commune of the Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Feurs

A small town and commune of the Loire department, Rhône-Alpes, France


Sospel

A small town and commune of the Alpes-Maritimes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France


Tourcoing

"Corner tower," from tour + coin (“corner, wedge”).

A town and commune of the Nord department, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France


Roussillon

English: Roussillon

desc

→ Chinese: → 魯西永／鲁西永 (Lǔxīyǒng) (transliteration)

From Latin Ruscinōnem. Compare Catalan Rosselló.
The municipality of Québec is named after the Régiment Royal-Roussillon infantry regiment. The regiment was stationed in the territory in the winter of 1758 - 1759.

Meronym: Perpignan

Roussillon (a region of Occitanie, France)

A regional county municipality of Montérégie, Quebec, Canada.

A village in Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.

A village in Vaucluse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.


Alès

English: Alès

Borrowed from Occitan Alès. Alais attested on the Cassini map (1740s).

Alès (a town and commune of the Gard department, Occitanie, France)


Epping

Epping (a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)

Epping (a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia)


Aix-en-Provence

From the Roman name, Latin Aquae Sextiae (“waters of Sextius”), from aqua + Sextius, a gens derived from sextus (“sixth”).

der

Aix-en-Provence, Aix (a city and commune of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Arbois

Arbois (a small town and commune of the Jura department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Arabie Saoudite

Alternative form of Arabie saoudite: Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Litchfield

The municipality is named after one of two English locales: either the city of Lichfield in Staffordshire or the village of Litchfield in Hampshire.

A municipality of Pontiac, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Beauvais

From Late Latin Bellovacum, named after the Celtic tribe Bellovaci.

Beauvais (a city and commune of the Oise department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Mirabel

A city and regional county municipality of Laurentides, Quebec, Canada.


Bourges

Either from a Germanic derivative of German Burg or a Gallo-Latin pronunciation of Bituriges.


Caiète

Borrowed from Latin Caiēta, from the Ancient Greek Καιήτη (Kaiḗtē).


Biarritz

Biarritz (an elegant seaside city and commune on the Bay of Biscay in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Montrouge

LL-Q150 (fra)-Bastenbas (Bastenbas (Lingua))-Montrouge.wav

A town and commune of the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France, France


Lure

First mentioned in 817 as Luterhaa. Of unclear origin, with proposals including:
* Celtic origin and derived from Gaulish *lautro, from Proto-Celtic *lautros.
* Late Latin lŭtra (“otter”)
* Of Germanic origin, such as being named after Lothair II of Lotharingia, from Frankish *Hlūdhari; or from Old High German hlutar (“limpid, clear”), as the area was known to have many Germanic speakers.

A small town and commune of the Haute-Saône department, Franche-Comté, France


Sète

Sète (a commune and town in Hérault department, Occitanie, France, previously in Languedoc-Roussillon)


Grèges

A village in the Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, France


Champtocé-sur-Loire

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

A small town and commune of the Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France


Le Lude

A small town and commune of the Sarthe department, Pays de la Loire, France


Malicorne-sur-Sarthe

A town and commune of the Sarthe department, Pays de la Loire, France


Saumur

A town in the Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France


La Roche-sur-Yon

La Roche-sur-Yon
La Roche-sur-Yon#English

La Roche-sur-Yon (a town and commune of the Vendée department, Pays de la Loire, France)


La Mure

A small town and commune of the Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France


Elven

A village and commune of the Morbihan department, Brittany, France


Charlevoix

The region is named after Jesuit historian Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix (1682–1761).
The municipality is named after the region.

A regional county municipality of Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, Canada.


Montérégie

administrative region
administrative region

An administrative region in southwestern Quebec


Outaouais

Derived from the hydronym Outaouais (“Ottawa River”).

Outaouais (a region in western Quebec, Canada, bordering the Ottawa river)


Trappes

From earlier forms Trapes, Trappe, from Middle French Trapas, from earlier Trapes, from Old French Trapis, from Medieval Latin Trappas, villa trapas, Villatrapas; all ultimately from Old French trape (“trap”), referring to wildlife traps set in the surrounding land.

A town and commune of the Yvelines department, Île-de-France, France


daïra

Borrowed from Arabic دَائِرَة (dāʔira, “circle”).

bor+

(Algeria) a subdivision of a wilaya in Algeria


Ruan

* (toponym): From Latin Rotomagus or Rothomagum (Ruan-sur-Egvonne).

Ruan (a village and commune of the Loir-et-Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France).


Le Pompidou

A village and commune of the Lozère department, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, France


Hyères

Inherited from Middle French Eyras, Eras, through Occitan from Latin area.

Hyères (a city and commune of the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Sorel-Moussel

A village and commune of the Eure-et-Loir department, Centre-Val de Loire, France


Sud

A department of Haiti. Capital: Les Cayes


Canope

Borrowed from Latin Canopus, itself from Ancient Greek Κάνωπος (Kánōpos) / Κάνωβος (Kánōbos).


Vicence

Vicenza (the capital city of the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy)


État libre associé de Porto Rico

Calque of Spanish Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico

calque

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico#English

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (the official name of Puerto Rico, a commonwealth, island and dependent territory of the United States)


Kampuchéa

Transliteration of Khmer កម្ពុជា (kampuciə). Doublet of Cambodge.

translit

(history) Kampuchea (former name of Cambodia, a country in Southeast Asia, during the time of the Khmer Rouge)


Bellefontaine

English: Bellefontaine

From belle (“beautiful”) + fontaine (“fountain”).

af

Bellefontaine (toponym of numerous places)


Tamsui

Tamsui (a district of New Taipei, northern Taiwan)


Bonaventure

The municipality is named after the city of Bonaventure.

A regional county municipality of Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec, Canada.


Gagnon

→ English: Gagnon


Boko

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Boko (a district of the Republic of the Congo)


Côte-d'Or

Côte-d'Or (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (an administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes)


Seine-Maritime

Seine-Maritime (a department of Normandy, France)


Tancarville

A small town in the Seine-Maritime department of Normandy


Guingamp

Guingamp (a commune of Brittany, France)


Hauts-de-France

Hauts-de-France (an administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy)


Monte Cristo

Alternative form of Montecristo; An island in Italy, in the Tyrrhenian Sea


Gaas

→ English: Gaas

* (surname): Borrowed from Occitan and originating from Landes.
* (toponym): Borrowed from Occitan Gars.

Holonym: Landes

Gaas (a village in the Landes department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Foix

→ English: Foix

Foix (the capital city of the Ariège department, France; capital city)


Tilsit

Tilsit (former name of Sovetsk, a city in Kaliningrad Oblast)


Tocqueville

English: Tocqueville

desc

→ Chinese: → 托克維爾／托克维尔 (Tuōkèwéi'ěr) (transliteration)

LL-Q150 (fra)-Exilexi-arrêt Jouffroy - Tocqueville.wav

From Old French, from the Old Norse personal name Tóki + ville.

Tocqueville (a commune of the Eure department, Normandy, France)

Tocqueville (a commune of the Manche department, Normandy, France)


Saint-Étienne

Saint-Étienne (a city in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France).


Godbout

English: Godbout

From Middle English or Old French Godbald (male given name), from gōd (“good”) + bald (“bold”). The river and village are named after early local settler Nicolas Godeboust. The village and river were earlier spelled as "Godebout" before migrating to the current North American standard spelling "Godbout" of the surname for this term that is still "Godebout" in Europe.

Godbout: A village in Manicouagan, Côte-Nord, Quebec, Canada; on the in Godbout river

Godbout River: Ellipsis of Rivière Godbout.; A river in Côte-Nord, Quebec, Canada


Belcourt

The municipality is named after Franco-Ontarian parliamentarian Napoléon Belcourt (1860 - 1932).

La Vallée-de-l'Or
La Vallée-de-l'Or#English

A municipality of La Vallée-de-l'Or, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Vachon

English: Vachon

A river in Nord-du-Québec, Québec, Canada

A river in Chaudière-Appalaches, Québec, Canada

An electoral district in Montérégie, Québec, Canada


Frémont

→ English: Fremont

Ellipsis of Lac Frémont.; A lake in La Tuque, Quebec, Canada

Canton de Frémont
Canton de Frémont#French

Ellipsis of Canton de Frémont. (Township of Frémont); A canton of La Tuque, Quebec, Canada


Chaon

Chaon (a village and commune of the Loir-et-Cher department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Waltham

The name of the municipality is derived from the English toponym Waltham.

A municipality of Pontiac, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Châtelperron

Châtelperron (a small town in the Allier department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Mauricie

Equivalent to Maurice + -ie. Coined by Québécois priest Albert Tessier. Named after the rivière Saint-Maurice that flows through the region.

coin

Mauricie (an administrative region of Quebec, Canada)