EU

US (a country in North America); initialism of États-Unis (“United States”)


Mexico

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Iraq

Alternative spelling of Irak: Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Philippines

→ Persian: فیلیپین (filipin)

Philippe + -ine + -s, a calque of Spanish Filipinas, using the pet form of Filipe (“Philip”) (French: Philippe), named after the King of Spain, Philip II.

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


France

Antillean Creole: Fwans

Haitian Creole: Frans

Louisiana Creole: Frans, Lafrans (via la France)

Mauritian Creole: Lafrans (via la France)

desc

→ Cantonese: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (faat3 laan4 sai1, faat3 laan4-1 sai1)

→ Burmese: ပြင်သစ် (prangsac)

→ Breton: Frañs

→ Eastern Min: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Huák-làng-să̤)

→ Finnish: Frans

→ Hokkien: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Hoat-lân-se)

→ Japanese: フランス (Furansu)

→ Khmer: បារាំង (baarang)

→ Korean: 프랑스 (Peurangseu)

→ Mandarin: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Fǎlánxī)

→ Manchu: ᡶᠠ
ᠯᠠᠨ
ᠰᡳ (fa lan si)

→ Rade: Prăng

→ Romanian: Franța

Inherited from Middle French France, from Old French France, from Late Latin Francia, from Francī, the name of a Germanic tribe. Doublet of Francie.


Bahamas

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Djibouti

Débarquement de troupes françaises dans le port de Djibouti.

1935, “File:Troops Djibouti 1935.jpg”, in Wikimedia Commons:

Landing of French troops in the port of Djibouti.


Mozambique

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


Madagascar

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


Afghanistan

Ultimately from Classical Persian افغانستان (afğānistān).

der

aller en Afghanistan

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia; capital: Kaboul)


Maldives

→ Persian: مالدیو (mâldiv)

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Belize

Alternative form of Bélize (“Belize (a country in Central America)”)


Cuba

Haitian Creole: Kiba

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Guatemala

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Qatar

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kiribati

Kiribati (A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania)


Canada

English: Canada

Greek: καναντέρ (kanantér)

Italian: canadair

Serbo-Croatian: kanader

From the Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


Nigeria

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Zaïre

la République du Zaïre

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

(historical) Zaire (A former country (1971–1997) in Central Africa; now the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Oman

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Luxembourg

→ Japanese: リュクサンブール (Ryukusanbūru)

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Meronyms: Arlon, Attert, Aubange, Bastogne, Bertogne, Bertrix, Bouillon, Chiny, Daverdisse, Durbuy, Érezée, Étalle, Fauvillers, Florenville, Gouvy, Habay, Herbeumont, Hotton, Houffalize, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Léglise, Libin, Libramont-Chevigny, Manhay, Marche-en-Famenne, Martelange, Meix-devant-Virton, Messancy, Musson, Nassogne, Neufchâteau, Paliseul, Rendeux, Rouvroy, Sainte-Ode, Saint-Hubert, Saint-Léger, Tellin, Tenneville, Tintigny, Vaux-sur-Sûre, Vielsalm, Virton, Wellin

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


Niger

Japanese: ニジェール (Nijēru)

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)


Ukraine

→ Khmer: អ៊ុយក្រែន (ʼuykraen)

desc

→ Lao: ອູກະແລນ (ʼū ka lǣn)

→ Lao: ອູກະແລນ (ʼū ka lǣn)

→ Persian: اوکراین (okrâyn)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína) or Russian Украи́на (Ukraína), from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina).

bor+

L’Ukraine a toujours aspiré à être libre : mais étant entourée de la Moscovie, des états du grand-seigneur, et de la Pologne, il lui a fallu chercher un protecteur, et par conséquent un maître dans l’un de ces trois états. Elle se mit d’abord sous la protection de la Pologne qui la traita trop en sujette : elle se donna depuis au Moscovite, qui la gouverna en esclave autant qu’il le put. D’abord les Ukrainiens jouirent du privilège d’élire un prince sous le nom de général ; mais bientôt ils furent dépouillés de ce droit, et leur général fut nommé par la cour de Moscou.

1731, Voltaire, Histoire de Charles XII, page 161:

Ukraine has always aspired to be free: but being surrounded by Muscovy, the states of the Sultan, and Poland, a protector had to be sought, and consequently a master in one of these three states. She first put herself under the protection of Poland, who treated her too much as subject. She then gave herself to the Muscovite, who governed her as a slave as much as he could. At first the Ukrainians enjoyed the privilege of electing a prince under the name of general; but soon they were stripped of this right, and their general was appointed by the court of Moscow.

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Martinique

Haitian Creole: Matinik

administrative region
administrative region

Martinique (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean)


Laos

→ English: Laos


Réunion

Réunion (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, located in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mauritius and to the east of Madagascar)


Seychelles

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Iran

République islamique d’Iran
République islamique d'Iran#French

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East; official name: République islamique d’Iran)


Guadeloupe

Antillean Creole: Gwadloup

Haitian Creole: Gwadloup

Named after the Spanish city of Guadalupe. Coined by Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in honour of the Our Lady of Guadalupe in Extremadura shrine.

coin

Guadeloupe (an island in the northeastern edge of the Caribbean Sea)

Guadeloupe (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe)


Mayotte

territorial collectivity
territorial collectivity

Mayotte (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, formerly an overseas territorial collectivity, located between Africa's mainland and Madagascar)


Mali

→ Persian: مالی (mâli)


Vanuatu

Vanuatu (a country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania)


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


port

→ Romanian: port

Inherited from Old French port, borrowed from Latin portus, from Proto-Italic *portus, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to go forth, to cross”).


Portugal

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Congo

→ Japanese: コンゴ (Kongo)

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Burkina Faso

→ Japanese: ブルキナファソ (Burukina Faso)

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Costa Rica

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


São Paulo

Borrowed from Portuguese, named after Saint Paul.

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

São Paulo (a state of the Southeast Region, Brazil)

Et pourtant São Paulo ne m’a jamais paru laide : c’était une ville sauvage comme le sont toutes les villes américaines, à l’exception peut-être de Washington, D.C., [...]

1955, Claude Lévi-Strauss, chapter XI, in Tristes Tropiques, Plon, published 1993, →ISBN, page 108; republished as John Weightman, Doreen Weightman, transl., Tristes Tropiques, Penguin, 2011, →ISBN:

— And yet I never thought that São Paulo was ugly: it was a‘wild’ town, as are all American towns, with the possible exception of Washington, D.C., …

São Paulo (a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil)


Paraná

Borrowed from Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (a river in central and southern South America)

Paraná (a state of the South Region, Brazil; capital: Curitiba)

Paraná (the provincial capital of Entre Ríos, Argentina)

Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul#English

Paraná (a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)


Nunavut

Borrowed from Inuktitut nunavut (“our land”).


Saskatchewan

Borrowing from Cree kisiskāciwani-sīpiy (“swift-flowing river”).


Yellowknife

Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories#English

Yellowknife (the capital city of the Northwest Territories, Canada).


Fredericton

Fredericton (the capital city of New Brunswick, Canada)


Iqaluit

Borrowed from Inuktitut ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ (iqaloit, “place of fish”), plural of ᐃᖃᓗᒃ (iqalok, “fish”).

bor+

Iqaluit (the capital city of Nunavut, Canada)


Winnipeg

Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye

* From English Winnipeg; see English etymology for more information. Rendered as Ouinipigon by La Vérendrye.

Winnipeg (the capital city of Manitoba, Canada)

Winnipeg, Lake Winnipeg (a large lake in Manitoba, Canada)

Lake of the Woods
Lake of the Woods#English

Winnipeg, Winnipeg River (a river that flows 813 km from Lake of the Woods, Ontario, Canada into Lake Winnipeg)


Alberta

Named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta.


Edmonton

Edmonton (the capital city of Alberta, Canada)


Melbourne

Melbourne (the capital city of Victoria, Australia)


Canberra

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Ontario

Probably from Wyandot ontari:io (literally “great lake”).

der

Ontario (all senses):
A province of Canada

Ontario (all senses):
A village in the Cayo District, Belize

San Bernardino County
San Bernardino County#English

A city in San Bernardino County, California

An unincorporated community in Knox County, Illinois

An unincorporated community in Lima Township, LaGrange County, Indiana, United States

A community of Ames, Story County, Iowa, United States

Ontario (all senses):
A county of New York

census-designated place
census-designated place

A town, hamlet, and census-designated place in Wayne County, New York

Ontario (all senses):
A city in Richland County, Ohio

Ontario (all senses):
A city in Malheur County, Oregon

Washington County
Washington County#English

A locality in North Bethlehem, Washington County, Pennsylvania

Charlotte County
Charlotte County#English

A locality in Charlotte County, Virginia

Ontario (all senses):
A village in Vernon County, Wisconsin


Toronto

Toronto (the capital city of Ontario, Canada)

Toronto (a suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia)


Calcutta

Borrowed from English Calcutta, from Bengali কলকাতা (kolkata).

Kolkata, Calcutta (the capital city of West Bengal, India)


Ottawa

Borrowed from English Ottawa, ultimately from Ojibwe odaawaa (“traders”).

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada)


Salvador

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


Bombay

Mumbai, Bombay (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


Sydney

(uncountable) Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia)

(uncountable) Sydney (a seaport and former city in Nova Scotia, Canada, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island)


Hong Kong

Hong Kong (a city, island, and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Serbie-et-Monténégro

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Serbia and Montenegro (a former country in Southeast Europe)


canal

→ Persian: کانال (kânâl)

→ Romanian: canal

→ Turkish: kanal

Borrowed from Latin canālis. Doublet of chenal.

channel (broadcasting: specific radio frequency or band of frequencies)


continent

Antillean Creole: kontinan

Haitian Creole: kontinan

→ Romanian: continent


Europe

From Latin Eurōpa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa), a character in Greek mythology.


Palestine

Palestine (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Palestine (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


Alençon

Alençon (a town and commune, the prefecture of the Orne department, Normandy, France)


anglais

Il parle anglais.


Naples

Inherited from Middle French Napples, from Italian Napoli, from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs), from νέᾱ (néā, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city”).

Naples (a metropolitan city and city in Campania, Italy)


Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)

Madrid (a province of the Community of Madrid, Spain)


Ankara

Holonym: Turquie


Paris

desctree

→ English: Paris, Paree (humorous, deliberate misspelling), Parish, Parris, Parrish, Pares
→ Arabic: بارِيس (bārīs), بَارِيز (bārīz) — dated, پَارِيس (pārīs) — rare
→ Afar: Baaríis
→ Somali: Baaríis
→ Hindi: पेरिस (peris)
→ Urdu: پَیرِس (pairis)
→ Punjabi: پَیرَس (pairas)

Inherited from Old French Paris, from Late Latin name of an earlier settlement, Lūtētia Parīsiōrum (“Lutetia of the Parisii”), from Latin Parīsiī, a Gaulish tribe.

avec des si on mettrait Paris en bouteille

Paris est beaucoup moins bruyant en été

Paris est vraiment belle la nuit

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)

Paris (a department of Île-de-France, France)


mer

Antillean Creole: lanmè

Haitian Creole: lanmè

→ Volapük: mel

Inherited from Middle French mer, from Old French mer, from Latin mare, from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.
The word is almost unparalleled as a Latin neuter that has become feminine without being a backformation from a plural in -a (French -e). This has been ascribed to the influence of terre (“land”). In most other Romance languages it is a masculine, the main exception being Romanian mare f.

J’aime, j’aime, j’aime la solitude parfois. mais j’aime pas les cris quand ils ne s’arrêtent pas, quand les émotions me plongent en mer enragée, quand le manque de moi me fait divaguer.

I love, I love, I sometimes love the loneliness/solitude. But I don't love the crying [cries] when it [they] won't stop, when the emotions plunge me into the enraged sea, when the absence of myself makes me wander.

(uncountable, used with the definite article) the ocean (the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface)


Roumanie

→ Persian: رومانی (rumâni)

→ Vietnamese: Ru-ma-ni

desc

→ Lao: ລູມານີ (lū mā nī)

→ Lao: ລູມານີ (lū mā nī)

From Latin Romania; alternatively, roumain + -ie.


Toscane

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Orne

From Latin olinas, an homonym of Fluvius Olne, of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *olīnā (“elbow”).

Orne (a river in Normandy, in northwestern France)


Cologne

Inherited from Old French Cologne, Coloigne, from Latin colōnia (“colony”) in Colōnia Agrippīna (“Agrippine Colony”), a settlement named after Agrippina, the mother of Roman Emperor Nero.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Juneau

English: Juneau

Juneau (the capital city of Alaska, United States).


Lagos

Borrowed from Portuguese Lagos (literally “lakes”).

bor+

A major city, the former capital of Nigeria

A city and municipality of Faro district, Portugal


Saint-Pierre

→ Mi'kmaq: Senpir

The island of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon is named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fishermen.
The town and commune are named after the island.

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint Pierre and Miquelon#English

A commune and island in Saint Pierre and Miquelon, France.

The capital city of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.


Piedmont

The name of the municipality is derived from piémont (“foothill”).

Les Pays-d'en-Haut
Les Pays-d'en-Haut#English

A municipality of Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Laurentides, Quebec, Canada


Kiev

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


Syracuse

Syracuse (the capital city of the province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy)


Turin

Turin (the capital city of Piedmont, Italy)

Turin (a metropolitan city of Piedmont, Italy)


Quito

Borrowed from Spanish Quito. Named after the Quitu tribe. The name is a combination of two Tsafiki words: quitso (“center”) + to (“the world”); roughly translating as "center of the world."


Munich

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Surinam

Alternative spelling of Suriname: Suriname (a country in South America)


Zurich

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


San Francisco

Meronym: Tenderloin

San Francisco (a city in California, United States)


Florence

→ Dutch: Florence

→ English: Florence

Turkish: Floransa

Florence (the capital city of Tuscany, Italy)

Florence (a metropolitan city of Tuscany, Italy)


Los Angeles

Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


Milan

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)

Milan (a metropolitan city of Lombardy, Italy)


Vancouver

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Vancouver (a seaport, the largest city in British Columbia, Canada)

Vancouver (a city in Washington, United States)


Zagreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Java

L’île de Java.


Maine

From Old French Cemaine, from Latin *Cenomania, from the name of the Gaulish Cenomani tribe of Gallia Celtica. The word was rebracketed as ce (“this”) + Maine, and the ce- was lost by the 12th century.


Maine

From earlier Maienne, from Latin Meduāna, of uncertain origin. Doublet of Mayenne.


Liverpool

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)

Liverpool (a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)


Tunis

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Tokyo

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


Latium

(historical) Latium (a historical region of central Italy, in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire)

Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


Molise

Molise (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Vientiane

desc

فِيَانْتِيَان

فِيِينْتِيَان

→ Arabic: فِيَانْتِيَان (fiyāntiyān), فِيِينْتِيَان (fiyīntiyān)

→ Czech: Vientiane

→ English: Vientiane

→ Finnish: Vientiane

→ German: Vientiane

→ Japanese: ヴィエンチャン (Vienchan)

→ Korean: 비엔티안 (Bientian)

→ Polish: Wientian

→ Portuguese: Vienciana, Vientiane

→ Russian: Вьентьян (Vʹjentʹjan)

→ Ukrainian: В'єнтьян (Vʺjentʹjan)


Imperia

A town and associated province on the coast of Liguria, Italy


Prato

Prato (the capital city of the province of Prato, Tuscany, Italy)


Sondrio

Sondrio (a town and province of Lombardy, Italy)


Pordenone

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia#English

Pordenone (a province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)

Pordenone (the capital city of the province of Pordenone, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)


Potenza

Potenza (a city and province of Basilicata, Italy)


Pistoia

Pistoia (the capital city of the province of Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy)


Terni

Terni (the capital city of the province of Terni, Umbria, Italy)


Pescara

Pescara (the capital city of the province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Italy)


Trapani

Trapani (the capital city of the province of Trapani, Sicily, Italy)


Rieti

Rieti (the capital city of the province of Rieti, Lazio, Italy)


Berlin

→ Vietnamese: Béc-lanh

→ Persian: برلن (berlan)

États de la zone: Bade-Wurtemberg · Bavière · Brandebourg · Hesse · Basse-Saxe · Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale · Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie · Rhénanie-Palatinat · Sarre · Saxe · Saxe-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thuringe

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


Sassari

Sassari (the capital city of the province of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy)


Rimini

Rimini (a province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

Rimini (a resort city, the capital of the province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Teramo

Teramo (the capital city of the province of Teramo, Abruzzo, Italy)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


New York

New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States)


Trieste

Trieste (a province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)

Trieste (a city in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy)


Rome

→ Guianese Creole: Ròm

→ Haitian Creole: Wòm

→ Persian: رم (rom)

→ Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)

Inherited from Old French Rome, from Latin Rōma.

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)


Charleroi

Meronyms: Couillet, Dampremy, Gilly, Gosselies, Goutroux, Jumet, Lodelinsart, Marchienne-au-Pont, Marcinelle, Monceau-sur-Sambre, Montignies-sur-Sambre, Mont-sur-Marchienne, Ransart, Roux


Arlon

Meronyms: Autelbas, Bonnert, Guirsch, Heinsch, Toernich

le vieil Arlon


Hainaut

Meronyms: Aiseau-Presles, Anderlues, Antoing, Ath, Beaumont, Belœil, Bernissart, Binche, Boussu, Braine-le-Comte, Brugelette, Brunehaut, Celles, Chapelle-lez-Herlaimont, Charleroi, Châtelet, Chièvres, Chimay, Colfontaine, Comines-Warneton, Courcelles, Dour, Écaussinnes, Ellezelles, Enghien, Erquelinnes, Estaimpuis, Estinnes, Farciennes, Fleurus, Flobecq, Fontaine-l’Évêque, Frameries, Frasnes-lez-Anvaing, Froidchapelle, Gerpinnes, Ham-sur-Heure-Nalinnes, Hensies, Honnelles, Jurbise, La Louvière, Le Rœulx, Lens, Les Bons Villers, Lessines, Leuze-en-Hainaut, Lobbes, Manage, Merbes-le-Château, Momignies, Mons, Mont-de-l’Enclus, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Morlanwelz, Mouscron, Pecq, Péruwelz, Pont-à-Celles, Quaregnon, Quévy, Quiévrain, Rumes, Saint-Ghislain, Seneffe, Silly, Sivry-Rance, Soignies, Thuin, Tournai


Namur

→ Azerbaijani: Namür

→ Bulgarian: Намюр (Namjur)

→ German: Namür

→ Ottoman Turkish: نامور (Namür)

→ Persian: نامور (nâmur)

→ Russian: Намю́р (Namjúr)

→ Ukrainian: Намю́р (Namjúr)

The municipality in Québec is named after the province in Belgium. The majority of the municipality's initial inhabitants emigrated from the province in the second half of the 19th century.

Meronyms: Beez, Belgrade, Boninne, Bouge, Champion, Cognelée, Daussoulx, Dave, Erpent, Flawinne, Gelbressée, Jambes, Lives-sur-Meuse, Loyers, Malonne, Marche-les-Dames, Naninne, Rhisnes, Saint-Marc, Saint-Servais, Suarlée, Temploux, Vedrin, Wépion, Wierde

Meronyms: Andenne, Anhée, Assesse, Beauraing, Bièvre, Cerfontaine, Ciney, Couvin, Dinant, Doische, Éghezée, Fernelmont, Floreffe, Florennes, Fosses-la-Ville, Gedinne, Gembloux, Gesves, Hamois, Hastière, Havelange, Houyet, Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, La Bruyère, Mettet, Namur, Ohey, Onhaye, Philippeville, Profondeville, Rochefort, Sambreville, Sombreffe, Somme-Leuze, Viroinval, Vresse-sur-Semois, Walcourt, Yvoir

A municipality of Papineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Bruges

Inherited from Old French Bruges, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Bruges

Bruges (a commune and town in the Gironde department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Prague

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Sarajevo

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Sarajevo (a canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Alexandrie

Alessandria (a city and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Andros

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄνδρος (Ándros).

bor+

Andros (island and regional unit of the Cyclades, in the South Aegean autonomous region, Greece)

Andros (town and capital of the Andros regional unit, in the South Aegean autonomous region, Greece)


Nuuk

Borrowed from Danish Nuuk, from Greenlandic Nuuk.


Malte

→ Persian: مالت (mâlt)

From Italian and Maltese Malta, from Arabic مالطا, from Latin Melita.

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Bretagne

→ Greek: Βρετάνη (Vretáni)

→ Russian: Брета́нь (Bretánʹ)

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Flevoland

Flevoland (a province of the Netherlands)


Vaduz

Vaduz (a town and municipality, the capital of Liechtenstein)


Skopje

Romanization of Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Overijssel

Overijssel (a province of the Netherlands)


Reykjavík

Borrowed from Icelandic Reykjavík (“bay of smokes”).


Utrecht

Utrecht (a city and capital of Utrecht, Netherlands)


aber

(geography) a ria, especially one in Brittany


massif

fr-adj

massif (feminine massive, masculine plural massifs, feminine plural massives)

massive (feminine)
massifs (masculine plural)
massives (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French massiz (with the suffix replaced by -if), from Vulgar Latin *massīcius, from Latin massa.


Douglas

Douglas (the capital city of the Isle of Man, United Kingdom)


Danube

Inherited from Middle French Danube, from Old French Danube (att. since mid-12th c.), borrowed from Latin Dānubius, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).

der

Danube (a river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania)


Berne

Bern (the capital city of Switzerland; capital city of Bern canton)


Valais

From Latin vallis (“valley”): in the Roman times, this province was known as Vallis Poenina.


Grisons

→ English: Grisons

From gris (“grey”), referring to the color of the clothes of the original inhabitants. This is also reflected in the German name, Graubünden (“grey league”).


Neuchâtel

From Old French nuef (“new”) + chatel (“castle”).

The capital city of Neuchâtel canton, Switzerland


Lucerne

Lucerne (the capital city of Lucerne canton, Switzerland)

Lucerne (a canton of Switzerland, Switzerland)


Jura

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-musée départemental d'Histoire de la Résistance et de la Déportation de l'Ain et du Haut-Jura.wav

From Vulgar Latin *iuris, a Latinized form of Gaulish *iuris (“wooded mountain”), commonly derived from Proto-Celtic *yor- (“forest”), but this remains speculative, as cognates of this Celtic root remain lacking. More at Jura.

Jura (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)

Jura (an island in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland)

Jura (a mountain range in France and Switzerland)


Alpes

→ Belarusian: А́льпы (Álʹpy)

→ Bulgarian: А́лпи (Álpi)

→ Middle English: Alpes

desctree

English: Alps
→ Hindi: ऐल्प्स (ailps)
→ Japanese: アルプス (Arupusu)
→ Urdu: الپس (alps)

→ Macedonian: А́лпи (Álpi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلپ (Alp)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلپلر (Alpler)

Turkish: Alpler

→ Persian: آلپ (âlp)

→ Romanian: Alpi

→ Russian: А́льпы (Álʹpy)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Алпи

desc

Latin script: Ȃlpe, Alpi (Bosnia, Serbia)

LL-Q150 (fra)-Bastenbas (Lingua)-La Salle-les-Alpes.wav

Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)


gouffre

Inherited from Old French gofre, with metathesis from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin colfus, culfus, variants of colpus, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos).


cap

Borrowed from Occitan cap, from Latin caput. Doublet of chef.


Abbeville

→ English: Abbeville

→ Portuguese: Abbeville


Le Caire

au Caire

du Caire


Jérusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Texas

Borrowed from English Texas, from Spanish Texas, Tejas.


Avignon

From Occitan Avinhon, from Latin Aveniōnem.

A regional county municipality of Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec, Canada.


Italie

From Latin Italia via Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλίᾱ (Ītalíā), from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú, “land of bulls”), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy; usually assumed to be a cognate of vitulus (“calf”).


glacier

glace (“mirror; ice-cream”) + -ier (occupational suffix).


val

Inherited from Old French val, from Latin vallem.


Chypre

From Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

République de Chypre
République de Chypre#French

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia; official name: République de Chypre)


(colloquial, informal) Abbreviation of Seine-Saint-Denis (a department in Île-de-France, France).


col

→ Hausa: kwal

Inherited from Old French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of cou.

(geography) col (dip on a mountain ridge)


bayou

a stagnant body of water left behind by the meandering of the Mississippi River in Louisiana or elsewhere; a bayou


lac

Inherited from Middle French lac, from Old French lac, a replacement of earlier lai (“pit, trench, ditch, grave, mere, pond”) (see Old French lac). Generally inferred as a borrowing of Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).


fjord

→ Romanian: fiord

→ Turkish: fiyort

→ Vietnamese: phi-oóc

Borrowed from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr. Doublet of port.


rive

Inherited from Old French, from Latin rīpa, from Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to cut, tear, scratch”).


Türkiye

Grâce à la forte participation de l’ONU, de la Türkiye et d’autres partenaires, nous avons montré comment la coopération de quelques-uns peut rétablir la sécurité alimentaire pour beaucoup.

2022, Rafael Barracuda, Comment améliorer le monde: Comment obtenir la paix, la sécurité, la santé et le bonheur ?, →ISBN:

De même, dans les affaires administratives, les différences sont vastes, la Croatie et l’Italie ont déclaré que plus de la moitié des affaires pendantes avaient plus de deux ans, suivies par l’Ukraine (39,6%) et la Türkiye (30,6%).

2022, Systèmes judiciaires européens - Rapport d’évaluation de la CEPEJ - 2022 Partie 1: Tableaux, graphiques et analyses, Conseil de l’Europe, →ISBN, page 163:

Le projet devrait être appliqué en Algérie, en Tunisie, en Palestine, en Égypte, en Jordanie et en Türkiye d’ici 2022.

2022, Traverser la crise du COVID-19 et préparer l’avenir: La reprise dans la région MENA, OCDE, →ISBN, page 82:

Les ministres de la Türkiye, de l’Allemagne, des États-Unis et du Maroc au stand de ce dernier lors de la visite de l’exposition.

2022, “Exhibition & Side Events”, in Transport for Inclusive Societies: Summit Highlights in Pictures, 18-22 May 2022, Leipzig, International Transport Forum, page 33:

Bien que les élèves du Luxembourg et de la Türkiye bénéficient de 15 semaines de vacances par an, celles-ci sont réparties en six périodes de vacances au Luxembourg, et en deux périodes en Türkiye (figure 17.6).

2022, Rapport mondial de suivi sur l’éducation: Les acteurs non étatiques dans l’éducation, UNESCO, →ISBN, page 332:

(neologism) Türkiye, Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Bristol

The municipality is named after the English city of Bristol.

A municipality of Pontiac, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Floride

Florida (a peninsula in the state of Florida, United States)


La Mecque

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Thessalonique

→ Persian: تسالونیک (tesâlonik)


Inde

Borrowed from Classical Persian هند (hind, “India”).


Belgique

→ Persian: بلژیک (belžik)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بلچیقه (belçika)

> Turkish: Belçika (inherited)

→ Azerbaijani: Belçika

→ Crimean Tatar: Belçika

→ Central Kurdish: بەلجیکا (belcîka)

→ Arabic: بِلْجِيكَا (biljīkā)

Originally an adjective, borrowed from Latin Belgicus; morphologically, from Belge + -ique. Noun use arose by ellipsis of province belgique.

Royaume de Belgique
Royaume de Belgique#English

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France; official name: Royaume de Belgique)


Danemark

→ Persian: دانمارک (dânmârk)

il y a quelque chose de pourri au royaume du Danemark


Autriche

→ Persian: اتریش (otriš)

→ Northern Kurdish: Otrîş

→ Lao: ໂອຕຣິດ (ʼōt rit)

→ Khmer: អូទ្រីស (ʼoutriih)

→ Mauritian Creole: Otrish

From Middle French Aust(e)riche, Ost(e)riche, from Old French Ostriche (ca. 1200), from Middle High German Ōsterīche, from Old High German Ōstarrīhhi (literally “eastern realm”).


Gibraltar

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Alaska

Borrowed from English Alaska, ultimately from Aleut alaxsxaq.

Demain soir, je vais en Alaska rendre visite à mon cousin.

Tomorrow evening, I'm going to Alaska to visit my cousin.

États: Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · Californie · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Floride · Géorgie · Hawaï · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiane · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · Nouveau-Mexique · État de New York · Caroline du Nord · Dakota du Nord · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvanie · Rhode Island · Caroline du Sud · Dakota du Sud · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginie · Washington · Virginie-Occidentale · Wisconsin · Wyoming

Samoa américaines · Guam · Îles Mariannes du Nord · Porto Rico · îles mineures éloignées des États-Unis · Îles Vierges des États-Unis


Irak

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Illinois

Haitian Creole: Ilinwa


Albion

« Attaquons dans ses eaux la perfide Albion. »

1793, Augustin Louis de Ximénès, L'Ère des Français:

"Let us attack perfidious Albion in her waters."

« Et la guerre ? Et les forfanteries de la perfide Albion tournant en eau de boudin ? Farce ! Farce ! »

1878, Gustave Flaubert, Correspondances:

"What about war? And what about the conceitedness of the perfidious Albion petering out? What a joke! What a joke!

« Perfide Albion je te maudis / Depuis le jour où tu m’as séduit / Je pense à toi en plein Paris / C’est malgré moi j’ai le mal de ton pays

1982, Yves Martin, Perfide Albion, Saban Records

"Damn you, Perfidious Albion / Since the day you seduced me / I think about you in the middle of Paris / It is in spite of myself that I am homesick for you"


Nevada

Borrowed from English Nevada, from Spanish nevada (“snow-covered”)


Wyoming

From Munsee xwé:wamənk (literally “at the big river flat”).

Holonym: États-Unis


Colorado

Gulf of California
Gulf of California#English

The Colorado River (a major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.)

Holonym: États-Unis


Wisconsin

Wisconsin (a state of the United States)


Alabama

Borrowed from English Alabama, itself likely from Alabama Albaamaha.

Demain, je vais dans l’Alabama rendre visite à ma grand-mère.

Tomorrow, I'm going to Alabama to visit my grandmother.


Rhin

From Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn.

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, France, Germany and the Netherlands)


Washington

Washington (a state of the United States)

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Sophie

1845, Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui, Voyage en Bulgarie 1841, chapitre IX
On franchit une marche de Nissa à Mustapha-Pacha-Palanka, puis une autre de Palanka à Scharkoë et une troisième de Scharkoë à Sophie, en traversant le long plateau de Tzaribrod.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(archaic) Sofia (the capital city of Bulgaria)


Chicago

Audio

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


piscine

From Latin piscīna (“fishpond; swimming pool”), from piscis (“fish”), from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.


Rennes

Rennes (the capital city of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, France; capital city of the region of Brittany)


Caroline

Carolina (one of the two states of the United States named Carolina in English)


Huang He

Yellow River, Huang He (a river in northern China)


colline

Borrowed from Italian collina, from Late Latin collina, from Latin collinus.

Elle m’a dit d’aller siffler là-haut sur la colline.

She told me to go thither and whistle on the hill.


Japon

⇒ Haitian Creole: Japon

→ Italian: Giappone

→ Khmer: ជប៉ុន (cĕəʼpon)

⇒ Lombard: Gjapon

→ Norman: Japon

→ Persian:

Iranian Persian: ژاپُن (žâpon)

⇒ Piedmontese: Giapon

→ Rade: Za pô nê (via japonais)

→ Turkish: Japon

→ Venetan: Giapòn

From Portuguese Japão, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, literally “sun origin”).

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Allemagne

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلمانیه (Almanya)

> Turkish: Almanya (inherited)

→ Northern Kurdish: Almanya

→ Abkhaz: алман (alman)

→ Persian:

Dari: آلْمَان (ālmān)

Iranian Persian: آلمان (âlmân)

Tajik: Олмон (Olmon)

→ Vietnamese: An Lê Mân

→ Malagasy: Alemaina

Inherited from Old French Alemaigne, from Latin Alemannia. Compare Portuguese Alemanha, Spanish Alemania, English Almain.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Maurice

→ English: Maurice

→ English: Morris

→ Persian: موریس (moris)

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


Angleterre

desctree

Italian: Inghilterra
→ Arabic: إِنْجِلْتِرَا (ʔinjiltirā)
→ Maltese: Ingilterra
→ Ottoman Turkish: انكلتره
> Turkish: İngiltere (inherited)
→ Azerbaijani: İngiltərə

/ɑ̃.ɡlə.tɛʁ/

Inherited from Middle French Angleterre, Engleterre, from Old French Engleterre, calque of Old English Engla land.

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

(informal, often proscribed) England (informal name of the United Kingdom, a country in Western Europe)


plage

→ Albanian: plazh

→ Antillean Creole: plaj

→ Belarusian: пляж (pljaž)

→ Bulgarian: плаж (plaž)

→ Czech: pláž

→ English: plage

→ Greek: πλαζ (plaz)

→ Luxembourgish: Plage

→ Macedonian: плажа (plaža)

→ Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: plaj

→ Persian: پلاژ (pelâž)

→ Polish: plaża

→ Romanian: plajă

→ Russian: пляж (pljaž)
→ Armenian: պլյաժ (plyaž)
→ Avar: пляж (pljaž)
→ Georgian: პლაჟი (ṗlaži), პლიაჟი (ṗliaži) — nonstandard
→ Tajik: пляж (plyaž)
→ Turkmen: plýaž
→ Uzbek: plyaj

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плажа

Latin script: plaža

→ Slovak: pláž

→ Slovene: plaža

→ Ukrainian: пляж (pljaž)

→ Yiddish: פּלאַזשע (plazhe)

From Middle French plage (ca. 1300), borrowed from Medieval Latin plagia, in part after Italian piaggia (modern spiaggia). See the Latin for further cognates.


Detroit

Borrowed from English Detroit, from French Détroit, from détroit.

Detroit; Alternative form of Détroit
A city in Michigan, United States

A river in Michigan, United States and Ontario, Canada


Sahara

Borrowed from Arabic صَحْرَاء (ṣaḥrāʔ, “desert”).

bor+

Holonym: Afrique

Meronyms: désert de Libye, désert Libyque


Champagne

→ English: Champagne, champagne

→ Dutch: Champagne, champagne

Inherited from Old French, from Late Latin campānia (in full Campānia Rēmēnsis), from campāneus, from Latin campus. Doublet of campagne; cf. also champagne.

Champagne (a region and former province of France, the terroir of the wine champagne; now part of Grand Est)


Moscou

→ Persian: مسکو (mosko)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Mantoue

Mantua (the capital city of the province of Mantua, Lombardy, Italy)


Éthiopie

→ Khmer: អេត្យូពី (ʼeetyoupii)

desc

→ Lao: ເອທິໂອປີ (ʼē thi ʼō pī)

→ Lao: ເອທິໂອປີ (ʼē thi ʼō pī)

→ Persian: اتیوپی (etyupi)

Learned borrowing from Latin Aethiopia, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía).


Venise

→ Vietnamese: Vơ-ni-dơ

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)

Venice (a metropolitan city of Veneto, Italy)


Anglais

fr-noun

Anglais m (plural Anglais, feminine Anglaise)

(Louisiana) an Anglo-American or English speaker, as opposed to someone with French ancestry


Acton

A regional county municipality of Montérégie, Quebec, Canada.


Bologne

From Latin Bononia, the Roman settlement's name.


Centre

Centre (a former administrative region of France, now named Centre-Val de Loire)


Chine

From Persian چینی (čini, “Chinese; porcelain”), compound of چین (čin, “China”) and the suffix ـی (-i), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn, “China”), ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).


Acre

From Latin Akre, from Ancient Greek Ἄκο (Áko) or Ἄκη (Ákē), from Hebrew עכו (ʿAkko), of unknown origin.


Acre

From Portuguese Acre, of uncertain origin.

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Rio Branco


Corse

Inherited from Latin Corsica, from Ancient Greek Κορσική (Korsikḗ).

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Cher

Named after the Cher River, from the pre-Indo-European substrate hydronym *kʰar- (“stone”) (compare Ancient Greek κάρκαρος (kárkaros, “rough, jagged”)).

cog

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Cher (a department of Centre-Val de Loire, France)

Cher (a left tributary of the Loire, in central France)


Chili

→ Persian: شیلی (šili)


Gap

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Gap (a town, the capital of the Hautes-Alpes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Gard

Gard (a department of Occitanie, France)

Gardon, Gard (a right tributary of the Rhône, in southern France)


Bergen

From Norwegian Bergen, from Old Norse Bjǫrgvin (“meadow between the mountains”).


Hull

A district of Gatineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Koala

English: Koala

A village and commune of the Saaba department, Kadiogo, Centre, Burkina Faso

A village and commune of the Sourgoubila department, Kourwéogo, Plateau-Central, Burkina Faso

(historical, 18th century) A former settlement and capital of Koala, Liptako, West Africa, destroyed at the end of the eponymous kingdom by Fula rebellion

(historical, 18th century) A former kingdom in Liptako, West Africa founded by the Gourmantché people

(historical, 19th century) A former kingdom in Liptako, West Africa founded by the Gourmantché people after the destruction of the first kingdom by the Fula


Guangzhou

/ɡwɑ̃ɡ.dʒɔw/

Holonym: Guangdong

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


Atlas

Learned borrowing from Latin Atlas, from Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas).


Granada

The name refers to the mining company Granada Gold Mines, which operated a gold mine in the territory of the neighbourhood between 1930 and 1937. The company was named in turn after Grenada in Andalusia in an effort to give the company name an exotic bent.

A neighbourhood and former municipality of Rouyn-Noranda, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Argentine

→? Japanese: アルゼンチン (Aruzenchin)

→ Persian: آرژانتین (âržântin)


Canton

Borrowed from Portuguese Cantão, from Mandarin 廣東 /广东 (Guǎngdōng).

Synonym of Guangzhou (The capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


Organ

Borrowed from Occitan Organ.
(Village): Attested on the Cassini map (1740s).

Organ (a village in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, Occitanie, France)


Pique

A left tributary of the Garonne, Occitanie, France.


Liège

→ English: Liège

→ Polish: Liège

→ Portuguese: Liège

Found in Medieval Latin as Leodium or Leodicum, probably ultimately of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *liudiz (“people”).

Meronyms: Amay, Amel, Ans, Anthisnes, Aubel, Awans, Aywaille, Baelen, Bassenge, Berloz, Beyne-Heusay, Blegny, Braives, Büllingen, Burdinne, Burg-Reuland, Bütgenbach, Chaudfontaine, Clavier, Comblain-au-Pont, Crisnée, Dalhem, Dison, Donceel, Engis, Esneux, Eupen, Faimes, Ferrières, Fexhe-le-haut-Clocher, Flémalle, Fléron, Geer, Grâce-Hollogne, Hamoir, Hannut, Héron, Herstal, Herve, Huy, Jalhay, Juprelle, Kelmis, Liège, Lierneux, Limbourg, Lincent, Lontzen, Malmedy, Marchin, Modave, Nandrin, Neupré, Olne, Oreye, Ouffet, Oupeye, Pepinster, Plombières, Raeren, Remicourt, Saint-Georges-sur-Meuse, Saint-Nicolas, Saint-Vith, Seraing, Soumagne, Spa, Sprimont, Stavelot, Stoumont, Theux, Thimister-Clermont, Tinlot, Trois-Ponts, Trooz, Verlaine, Verviers, Villers-le-Bouillet, Visé, Waimes, Wanze, Waremme, Wasseiges, Welkenraedt

Meronyms: Angleur, Bressoux, Chênée, Glain, Grivegnée, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Rocourt, Sclessin, Wandre

Liège (a city, the provincial capital of Liège, Belgium)


Lot

Inherited from Late Latin Oltis (Gallo-Roman).

Lot (a right tributary of the Garonne, in southern France)


Nord

LL-Q150 (fra)-0x010C-canton de Colmar-Nord.wav

Of Germanic origin, from Old High German nord, from Proto-West Germanic *norþr (“north, left of the rising sun”).

Nord (a department of Hauts-de-France, France)


Nancy

From the medieval name, Medieval Latin Nanciacum, from Old High German Nanzig.

Nancy (a city, the prefecture of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est, France)


Nile (a major river in Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi)


Mayo

The municipality is named after County Mayo in Ireland (derived from Irish via English).

A municipality of Papineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Pula

Pula (the largest city in Istria County, Croatia)


Nice

From the Roman name, Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νίκαια (Níkaia), from νίκη (níkē, “victory”).

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Sens

From Latin name Senones during Roman rule; originally the capital of the Gaulish people of the same name.


Spa

Holonym: Belgique

A town and municipality in the province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium.


Porto

Porto (a city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal)


Tarn

Tarn (a department of Occitanie, France)

Tarn (a right tributary of the Garonne, Occitanie, France)


Trente

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Trento (a province of Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)

Trento (the capital city of the province of Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Orange

From Old French Orenge, from Vulgar Latin *Aurinica, from Latin Aurasiōnem, from Gaulish *arausi (“temple (head), cheek”) (compare Old Irish arae (“temple (of the head)”)). Compare also the Occitan name of the town, Aurenja.

Orange (a town in the Vaucluse department, in southern France)


Tash

Borrowed from Yiddish טאהש (Tosh), from Hebrew טאהש.

Tash; Ellipsis of Kiryas Tash.; A neighbourhood of Boisbriand, Quebec, Canada

Tash (“Nyírtass”); Synonym of Nyírtass (Tass). A village in Hungary


Seine

LL-Q150 (fra)-Bastenbas (Bastenbas (Lingua))-Asnières-sur-Seine.wav

Inherited from Latin Sequana, from a Celtic deity who descended from the Proto-Indo-European pantheon.

Seine (a major river in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Grand Est, Île-de-France and Normandy regions, France)


Valence

Valence (a city and commune, the capital of the Drôme department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, in southeastern France)

Valence (a village and commune in Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in southwestern France)

Valence (a town and commune in Tarn-et-Garonne department, Occitanie, in southern France)

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain)

Valencia (a province of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Vienne

→ Persian: وین (viyan)

Of disputed origin. Perhaps from the Roman name, Latin Vindobona, or possibly from a Celtic word *Veduna (“forest stream”), which would justify the phonetic evolution into the modern french form. Compare Proto-Celtic *widus (“woodland”).

Vienna (the capital city and state of Austria)

Vienne (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Vienne (a left tributary of the Loire, in southwest France)

Vienne (a city in the Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Ville

Named after the fact that New Orleans was the main city of French Louisiana.

(Louisiana) New Orleans (a city in Louisiana, United States)


Rabat

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


Tigre

From Latin Tigris, from Ancient Greek Τίγρις (Tígris), from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (Idiglat), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (Idigna, literally “fast as an arrow”).


Valentine

Valentine (a suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia)


Seattle

Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


Égypte

Antillean Creole: Ejip, Éjip

Haitian Creole: Ejip

Bourbonnais Creole:

Réunion Creole French: Ézip

→ Breton: Egipt

→ Jarai: čar Êjĭp

→ Khmer: អេហ្ស៊ីប (ʼeeziip)

→ Lao: ເອຢິບ (ʼē yip)

→ Lingala: Ejipte

→ Malagasy: Ejipta

→ Romanian: Egipt

Inherited from Middle French Egypte, from Old French Egypte, borrowed from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos).

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Hongkong

Hong Kong (a city, island, and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Côte d'Ivoire

Japanese: コートジボワール (Kōto Jibowāru)

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Aurigny

Attested as Old French Alneroi, Aurenoy; from an unclear element plus Old Norse ey (“island”). Compare the English Alderney.


Sercq

Inherited from Medieval Latin Sargia, of unknown origin. Richard Coates proposes a Semitic origin, from Proto-Semitic *śrq (“east, rise (of the sun), redden”). Lepelley suggests a Scandinavian/North Germanic origin, from Old Norse serkr (“shirt”). More at Sark.


Manche

Manche (a department of Normandy, France)

(with the definite article) the English Channel (an arm of the Atlantic Ocean between France and England)


Tanger

Through Latin Tingis and Arabic طَنْجَة (ṭanja).

Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima#English

Tangier (a port city, the capital of the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar)


Bagdad

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


Bhoutan

→ Breton: Bhoutan

→ English: Bhutan (see there for further descendants)

→ Khmer: ប៊ូតង់ (buutɑng)

→ Lao: ບູຕັງ (bū tang)

Probably borrowed from Nepali भुटान (bhuṭān), from Prakrit 𑀪𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀁𑀢 (bhŏṭṭaṃta, “Tibet”, literally “end of Tibet”); probably ultimately from Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”). Traditionally considered to be derived via Sanskrit भोटान्त (bhoṭānta), but that word is probably a Prakritism.

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


supercontinent

fr-noun

supercontinent m (plural supercontinents)

Meronym: craton


Levant

Levant (a region of Western Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea)


plateau

→ Catalan: plató

→ Danish: plateau

→ Dutch: plateau

→ English: plateau

→ German: Plateau

→ Greek: πλατό (plató)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: platå

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: platå

→ Portuguese: platô

→ Romanian: platou

desctree

→ Russian: плато́ (plató)
→ Ukrainian: плато́ (plató)

→ Spanish: plató

→ Swedish: platå

→ Turkish: plato


Ljubljana

Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


Cognac

From Medieval Latin Comniacum, from the name Cominius + Gallo-Roman suffix -acum, from Proto-Celtic *-ākom. The gens Cominius is an Italic family name; see Cominia for further details.

Cognac (a city in the Charente department, France)


Fidji

Ultimately from Fijian Viti Levu (“Great Viti”).

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Ain

Named after the River Ain, from Medieval Latin Hinnis, from earlier Igneus, of pre-Roman, probably Celtic, origin; perhaps Proto-Celtic *inn, itself likely related to the river River Inn (Latin Aenus), both related to *enios (“water”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”), found in many placenames such as the settlement Aenona.

Ain (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Meuse

LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-Félicité de Choiseul-Meuse.wav

Meuse, Maas (major river in northeastern France, Belgium and the Netherlands)

Meronym: Bar-le-Duc

Meuse (a department of Grand Est, France)


Katar

Alternative form of Qatar: Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Liban

From Latin Libanus, from Ancient Greek Λίβανος (Líbanos), from a Semitic source.

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


États-Unis

→ Persian: اتازونی (etâzuni)

Haitian Creole: Etazini

From États (“states”) + unis (“united”), calque of English United States.

Les États-Unis sont un grand pays.

United States (a country in North America)


Londres

→ Italian: Londra
→ Maltese: Londra
→ Ottoman Turkish: لوندره (Londra)
Turkish: Londra
→ Romanian: Londra

→ Sanskrit: लण्ड्र (laṇḍra)

Inherited from Middle French Londres, from Old French Londres, ultimately from Latin Londinium.
However, it is not a natural evolution from Latin to French, as Londinium would render *Londin, *Londein. Thus, it is possible that it was borrowed or at least derived from Old English Lunden. The final syllable would have been weakened to -dn, later changing to -dr, which would yield an epenthetic -e. The -s would be added to fit Old French declension.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


océan

Learned borrowing from Latin Ōceanus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós).

Coordinate term: mer

(countable) an ocean (one of the large bodies of water separating the continents)

(uncountable, with the definite article) the ocean (the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface)


Islande

→ Greek: Ισλανδία f (Islandía)

→ Persian: ایسلند (island)

Borrowed from Icelandic Ísland, from Old Norse íss (“ice”) + land (“land, country”).


Lettonie

→ Persian: لتونی (letoni)


Apples

Apples (a former municipality of Morges district, Vaud canton, Switzerland)


Jouxtens-Mézery

A commune of Vaud canton, Laussane district, Switzerland


Baton Rouge

Baton Rouge (the capital city of Louisiana, United States)


Medicine Hat

Borrowed from English Medicine Hat. From Blackfoot saamis.

Medicine Hat (a city in Cypress, Alberta, Canada)


Maghreb

Borrowed from Arabic مَغْرِب (maḡrib, literally “where the sun sets, the West”).


moraine

→ Catalan: morena

desctree

→ English: moraine
→ Irish: moiréan
→ Korean: 모레인 (morein)

→ Spanish: morrena

→ Romanian: morenă

From Savoyard Italian morena, from Franco-Provençal mor, morre (“muzzle, snout”), from Vulgar Latin *murrum.


Bruxelles

Of Germanic origin, composed from *brōk (“marsh”) + *sali (“building, room”).

af

Il reste quelques jours de plus à Bruxelles.

He's staying in Brussels for a few more days.


Sidon

Borrowed from Latin Sīdōn, from Ancient Greek Σιδών (Sidṓn), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn).

Sidon (a city, a state of Levant in Phoenicia), now the modern day Saïda in Lebanon.


butte

→ English: butte

Faire une butte autour des plantes de pomme de terre.

(archery) a mound of dirt upon which targets were placed to practice shooting


Tyr

Tyre (an ancient city-state in Phoenicia)

Tyre (a port city, the capital of Tyre district, Lebanon)


Chichester

The municipality is named after the English city of Chichester.

A township municipality of Pontiac, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Andes

cordillère des Andes
cordillère des Andes#French

Synonym of cordillère des Andes (“Andes”)


Albanie

→ Persian: آلبانی (âlbâni)

→ Vietnamese: An-ba-ni

Mauritian Creole: Albani

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Groenland

Ultimately from Old Norse Grœnland (“Greenland”).

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Montréal

English: Montreal

Inherited from Middle French Montreal, from Mont Royal (“Mount Royal”), after the nearby mountain, Mont Royal, named by Jacques Cartier. It is uncertain how Royal became -real. A common explanation is that real is the Middle French form of Royal, but Cartier himself recorded le mont Royal when he named it. It may have perhaps been from the Italian G.B. Rasmusio's 1556 map translating the name to Italian as Monte Real.

Montreal (the largest city in Quebec, Canada)

Montreal (an island in Quebec, Canada, the site of the city of Montreal)

Montréal (a commune of the Ardèche department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Montréal (a commune of the Aude department, Occitanie, France)

Montréal (a commune of the Gers department, Occitanie, France)

Montréal (a commune of the Yonne department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Viêt Nam

Alternative spelling of Vietnam: Vietnam (a country in Southeast Asia)


Anvers

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)


Galles

Haitian Creole: Gal


Tyrol

Tyrol (region (state) in western Austria)


Lombardie

administrative region
administrative region

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


Etats-Unis

Alternative spelling of États-Unis (“United States (a country in North America)”)


Espagne

⇒ Haitian Creole: Espay

→ Khmer: អេស្ប៉ាញ (ʼeespaañ)

desc

→ Lao: ເອັສປາຍ (ʼet pāi)

→ Lao: ເອັສປາຍ (ʼet pāi)

Inherited from Old French Espangne, Espaigne, from Latin Hispānia. The /s/ was preserved or reinstated under learned influence (instead of expected *Épagne).

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Pyrénées

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیرنه (Pirene)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیرنهلر (Pireneler)

Turkish: Pireneler

→ Persian: پیرنه (pirene)

From Latin Pȳrēnaeī montēs, from Ancient Greek Πῡρήνη (Pūrḗnē).

Pyrenees (a mountain range between France and Spain)


Aarau

Aarau (a town and municipality, the capital of Aargau canton, in northern Switzerland)


Aalborg

Aalborg (the capital city of North Jutland, Denmark)


Suisse

→ Chinese: 瑞士 (Ruìshì)

→ Japanese: スイス (Suisu)

→ Korean: 스위스 (seuwiseu)

→ Persian: سوئیس (su'is)

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Tahiti

French Polynesia
French Polynesia#English

Tahiti (the largest island in French Polynesia)


Israël

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Egypte

Alternative form of Égypte: Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Amos

The city is named after Alice Gouin (né Amos; 1868–1940), the wife of prime minister of Québec Lomer Gouin (1861–1929).

A city in Abitibi, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.


Douvres

Dover (a town and port in Kent, in southeast England)


bosquet

→ Romanian: boschet

Borrowed from Occitan bosquet, from Frankish *busk + -et (diminutive ending). Doublet of bochet. Compare Italian boschetto.


montagne

Inherited from Middle French montaigne, from Old French montaigne, from Early Medieval Latin montānia, a collective based on Latin montem.

si la montagne ne va pas à toi, va à la montagne

des montagnes de dettes

en faire une montagne


Bordeaux

Inherited from Middle French Bordeaulx, from Occitan Bordèu, from Old Occitan Bordel, from Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root.

Bordeaux (the capital city of the Gironde department, France; capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Annam

English: Annam

Vietnamese: An Nam

Borrowed from Vietnamese An Nam, from Chinese 安南 (Ānnán).

(history) Annam (a former colonial province of China, now part of Vietnam's present-day Tonkin)

(history) Annam (a former French colony, one of the French protectorates in Vietnam, located in Central Vietnam)


Albi

Albi (a city and commune, the prefecture of the Tarn department, Occitanie, France)


Port-au-Prince

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


Bandar Seri Begawan

LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Bandar Seri Begawan.wav

Borrowed from Malay Bandar Seri Begawan.

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


région

→ Romanian: regiune

Borrowed from Latin regiōnem. Compare the inherited Old French reiun, rëon, royon.

a political subdivision of France and some other Francophone countries, bigger than a département


Basse-Normandie

Lower Normandy (a former administrative region of France; now part of the administrative region of Normandy)


Haute-Normandie

Upper Normandy (a former administrative region of France; now part of the administrative region of Normandy)


Rhône-Alpes

Rhône-Alpes (a former administrative region of France, since 2016 part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)


Midi-Pyrénées

Midi-Pyrénées (a former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Occitania)


Yaren

Yaren (the de facto capital city of Nauru)


Pays de la Loire

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English:_Q16994

Pays de la Loire (an administrative region of France, near Brittany)


Languedoc-Roussillon

/lãᵑ.ɡəˈdɔk ʁuˈsi.jɔ̃ᵑ/

Languedoc-Roussillon (a former administrative region of France, made up of Languedoc and Roussillon; in 2016, it became part of the region of Occitania)


Poitou-Charentes

le Poitou-Charentes (canonical masculine)

Compound of Poitou + Charentes (pluralized form of Charente), the names of two historical regions.

af

pluralized form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">Charente</i>

Poitou-Charentes (a former administrative region of France; since 2016 part of the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Auvergne

From Occitan Auvèrnhe or Auvèrnha, Latin Arvernicus pagus, from the Arverni, the name of a Gaulish tribe.

Auvergne (a former administrative region and historical province of France, since 2016 part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)


Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Nord-Pas-de-Calais (a former administrative region of France, made up of the two departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Hauts-de-France)


ru

Inherited from Old French ru, riu, from Vulgar Latin *rius, from Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós).


Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (canonical feminine)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (an administrative region of France)


Limousin

Originally an adjective referring to the city Limoges, from Latin Lemovicīnus, adjective form of Lemovicēs, name of a Gaulish tribe in central France, most likely a reference to their elm bows and spears.


Yamoussoukro

Yamoussoukro (the official and administrative capital of Ivory Coast)


N'Djamena

Holonym: Tchad


Île-de-France

Likely from a corruption of Frankish *Liddle Franke (“little Franconia”), from Frankish *lūtil (“little”) + the name of the Frankish tribe, later reinterpreted as l’ + île + de + France (the Isle of France).

der

Meronyms: Essonne, Hurepoix, Paris, Seine-et-Marne, Yvelines, Val-de-Marne

Île-de-France (an administrative region in north-central France, including Paris)


Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Bourgogne

Inherited from Late Latin Burgundia, from Burgundiones (“highlanders”), from the name of a Germanic tribe (compare the root of burgh, borough), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰonts (“high, mighty”), from the root *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”). From the same root is Brie, via Gaulish.

Burgundy (a region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)

Burgundy (An early-medieval kingdom and later former duchy in France and the Netherlands)


Alsace

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Alsatia, from Old High German ali sazzo (“inhabitant of the other”) (referring to the opposite bank of the Rhine), from Proto-West Germanic *alljas (“other”) + *sittjan (“inhabitant”, literally “sitter”).

q

Alsace (a region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)


Minsk

Minsk (the capital and largest city of Belarus)


Franche-Comté

Franche-Comté (a former region in France)


Aquitaine

→ English: Aquitaine

Borrowed from Latin Aquitania. Doublet of the inherited Guyenne and Guienne, from Old French Aguyenne.

Gallia Aquitanica
Gallia Aquitanica#English

Gallia Aquitanica (a province of the Roman Empire)

Meronyms: Béarn, Gascogne, Guyenne

Holonym: Gascogne

Meronym: Béarn


Lyon

English: Lyon, Lyons

From Latin Lugdūnum, from Gaulish *Lugudūnon (“fort of Lug”), from the Celtic deity Lugus, from Proto-Celtic *Lugus.

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Lorraine

Inherited from Old French Loherraine, from Medieval Latin Lotharingia, Lothringia; compare Lothringia, German Lothringen.

Lorraine (a former administrative region and former duchy in eastern France; since 2016 part of the region of Grand Est)


Ouagadougou

→ English: Ouagadougou

→ Afrikaans: Ouagadougou

→ Czech: Ouagadougou

→ Portuguese: Ouagadougou

→ Slovak: Ouagadougou

From a local name such as Moore Waogdgo and Farefare Wɔgdɔgɔ.

Ouagadougou (the capital city of Burkina Faso)


Abidjan

Abidjan (the de facto capital and largest city of Ivory Coast)


Brazzaville

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza
fr:Brazzaville

From Brazza + ville (“city”). Named after Italian-French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (1852–1905), who officially founded the settlement in 1880 [from 1880].

named-after

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Brazzaville (the capital city of the Republic of the Congo)


Moroni

Borrowed from Ngazidja Comorian Mroni, from mroni (“at the river”).

Moroni (the capital city of the Comoros)


île

Antillean Creole: zil

Haitian Creole: zil, zile

Mauritian Creole: zil

Originally written isle; from Middle French isle, from Old French isle, from Vulgar Latin *īsula, from Classical Latin īnsula. Compare isoler, péninsule and insulaire.


Grande-Bretagne

Great Britain (an island in Western Europe)

(loosely) Great Britain, United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


Royaume-Uni

Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord

United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


Pompey

→ English: Pompey

Pompey (a city in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, France)


étang

Derived from the Old French verb estanchier, through an earlier form estanc. Unrelated to Latin stāgnum (“pond”), which influenced the change in spelling from ⟨c⟩ to ⟨g⟩.


Leeds

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Leeds (a large city and metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England)


Lahore

Lahore (a city, the provincial capital of Punjab, Pakistan)


Le Cap

au Cap

du Cap


Sibérie

Persian: سیبری (siberi)


rivière

→ English: rivière

From Middle French riviere, from Old French riviere, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria.

a river (one that flows into a river, lake, bay, etc., but not into an ocean or sea)

les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières


Normandie

Inherited from Old French Normendie, from normant + -ie.

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


Rouen

Inherited from Old French Roem, from the Roman name, Latin Rotomagus, from the Gaulish name Ratumacos, from *rato- (of unclear origin - see Rouen) + *magos, from Proto-Celtic *magos (“field”).

Rouen (the capital city of Normandy, France on the Seine River)


Canterbury

Borrowed from English Canterbury, from Middle English Caunterbury, Canterburi, from Old English Cantwara burh.

Canterbury (a cathedral city in Kent, England)

Canterbury (a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)


côte

Inherited from Middle French coste, from Old French coste, from Latin costa, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-.


Vichy

Borrowed from Occitan Vichèi, phonetically evolved from the Latin place name Vippiacus, itself named after an agricultural field belonging to a farmer named Vippius. An alternate theory attributes the name to the Latin vicus calidus, meaning "warm settlement.".

A town in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France, the capital of Vichy France during World War II


Versailles

→ Persian: ورسای (versây)

Uncertain, but possibly from Latin versus (“slope”) or versor (“to dwell”), both from Proto-Indo-European *wértti (“to be turning around”).

inh

Versailles (a city, suburb of Paris and capital of Yvelines department, Île-de-France)


Marseille

From the Latin Massilia, Marsilia, Massalia, from Ancient Greek Μασσαλία (Massalía), possibly an Ancient Ligurian toponym or perhaps from Ancient Greek μάσσων (mássōn, “further”) + ἅλς (háls, “sea”), literally “(city) on far end of the sea” cf. Ancient Greek παραλία (paralía).

af

Meronyms: Belsunce, Canebière, Évêché, Frais-Vallon, La Timone, Sormiou

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Aragon

Aragon (an autonomous community of Spain)

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Aragon (a medieval kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula)


irlandais

From Irlande (“Ireland”) + -ais (demonym suffix).


Orléans

Inherited from Latin Aurelianum. Doublet of Aurélien.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orleans (the capital city of the Loiret department, France; capital city of the region of Centre-Val de Loire)


Chelsea

The name of the municipality is derived from the English toponym Chelsea, referring in this case to the town in Vermont (the former hometown of the first colonists).

Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais
Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais#English

A municipality of Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Le Havre

A city on the north coast of Normandy, France


Nuremberg

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


Calvados

Likely from a combination of Latin calvus and dorsum.

Calvados (a department of Normandy, France)


Caen

Inherited from Old French Caem, Cahom, likely inherited from Latin *Catumagus, from Gaulish *catu-, a word used to describe military activity (see Proto-Celtic *katus), + *magos (“field”).

Caen (a city and commune, the prefecture of the department of Calvados, France)


Ningbo

Ningbo (a port city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city in eastern Zhejiang, China)


Munster

→ English: Munster

Borrowed from German Münster, ultimately from Alemannic German.

Munster (a town in the Haut-Rhin department, Grand Est, France)


Lille

Inherited from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), from Latin Īnsula, from īnsula (“island”), whence also île. The name was resegmented (like its Dutch counterpart Rijsel): in à l'Isle (“at the Isle”), the definite article came to be considered part of the name, and it was thus interpreted as à Lille.

inh+

Meronyms: Bois-Blancs, Faubourg de Béthune, Fives, Hellemmes-Lille, Lille-Moulins, Lomme, Saint-Maurice Pellevoisin, Vauban-Esquermes, Wazemmes

Lille (the department capital of the Nord department, France; regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


Elbe

Elbe (a major river of the Czech Republic and Germany)

Tuscan Archipelago
Tuscan Archipelago#English

Elba (an island in the Tuscan Archipelago)


Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk (a city, the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia)


Virginie

Haitian Creole: Vijini


sommet

Inherited from Old French somet, sommette, diminutive derivation of som (“highest part, top of a hill”) from Latin summum.

Nous avons convenu d’organiser régulièrement des sommets Royaume-Uni-UE réunissant les chefs d’État et de gouvernement pour examiner les progrès accomplis, en commençant par un sommet au cours du premier semestre de l’année prochaine.

We agreed to periodically organize EU-United-Kingdom summits where heads of State and of government will meet to consider the accomplished progresses, starting by next summit during the first semester of next year.


Arundel

The municipality is named after the English town of Arundel.

A township municipality of Les Laurentides, Laurentides, Quebec, Canada.


Soudan

Borrowed from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān, “black people”, plural of أَسْوَد (ʔaswad)).

bor+

plural of <i class="Arab mention" lang="ar">أَسْوَد</i> (ʔaswad)

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Dominique

Borrowed from Late Latin Dominicus, derived from Dominus (“Lord”).

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Brest

From earlier Bresta, from Proto-Celtic *brixs (“hill”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic bre (“hill”).


Hollande

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

(colloquial, by extension) Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Siam

(historical) Siam (The former name of Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia)


Estonie

→ Persian: استونی (estoni)


Andorre

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Écosse

Inherited from Middle French Escosse, from Old French Escoce, Escouce, from Latin Scōtia. The Old French variant with ou is the expected one. However, it seems unlikely that the word was inherited through Vulgar Latin in either form.

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom, located in northwest Europe to the north of England)


Amérique du Sud

LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-Amérique du Sud.wav


Amérique du Nord

LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-Amérique du Nord.wav


Cambodge

→ English: Cambodia

→ Persian: کامبوج (kâmboj)

desctree

→ Russian: Камбоджа (Kambodža)
→ Turkmen: Kamboja
→ Tajik: Камбоҷа (Kamboja)
→ Uyghur: كامبودژا (kambodzha)
→ Kyrgyz: Камбожа (Kamboja)

Borrowed from Middle Khmer Kambuja (Modern Khmer កម្ពុជា (kampuciə)).


Lituanie

→ Persian: لیتوانی (litvâni)

desc

→ Lao: ລີຕົວນີ (lī tūa nī)

→ Lao: ລີຕົວນີ (lī tūa nī)

→ Khmer: លីទុយអានី (liituyʼaanii)


Suède

→ Persian: سوئد (su'ed)


Pays-Bas

les Pays-Bas (canonical masculine plural)

From pays (“land, country”) + bas (“low, nether”), a calque of Dutch Nederland. Compare the obsolete borrowing Néerlande.

af

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


États-Unis d'Amérique

fr-proper noun

États-Unis d’Amérique m pl (plural only)

États-Unis d’ Amérique (canonical masculine plural)

Calque of English United States of America.

calque

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


Russie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Russi, alternatively from russe + -ie.

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Australie

Literally, “the southern land”, from Latin australis (“southern”).

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Afrique

Inherited from Old French Affrique, borrowed from Latin Āfrica.


pays de Galles

→ Vietnamese: xứ Uên (calque)

→ Turkish: Galler

From pays (“land, country”) + de (“of”) + Galles (“Wales”).

af

Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Finlande

→ Persian: فنلاند (fanlând)

Haitian Creole: Fenlann


Bolivie

→ Persian: بولیوی (bolivi)


Bermudes

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Mexique

Antillean Creole: Meksik

Haitian Creole: Meksik

desc

→ Arabic: المكسيك

→ Arabic: المكسيك

→ Persian: مکزیک (mekzik)

→ Khmer: ម៉ិចស៊ិក (məcsɨk)

→ Norman: Mexique

Borrowed from Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco.


Croatie

→ Persian: کرواسی (korovâsi)

→ Khmer: ក្រូអាស៊ី (krouʼaasii)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

La République de Croatie
La République de Croatie#French

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe; official name: La République de Croatie)


Norvège

→ Arabic: النرويج (an-nurwīj)

→ Persian: نروژ (norvež)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نرويج (Norvec)

> Turkish: Norveç (inherited)


Macédoine

Inherited from Old French Macedoine, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin Macedonia, from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), which see for more.

der

Macedonia (a region in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

Macedonia (an ancient kingdom in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

administrative region
administrative region

Macedonia (an administrative region of Greece)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)


Grèce

Inherited from Old French Grece, from Latin Graecia


Bulgarie

→ Vietnamese: Bun-ga-ri

From Latin Bulgaria; alternatively, bulgare + -ie.

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Turquie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Turcia, Turchia; alternatively from turc + -ie.

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Brésil

→ Persian: برزیل (berezil)

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Irlande

→ Persian: ایرلند (irland)

Haitian Creole: Ilann


Arménie

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Dieppe

The city in New Brunswick was named in memory of the Canadian soldiers who fell during the Dieppe Raid in 1942.

A coastal town in the Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, France.

Westmorland County
Westmorland County#English

A city in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada.


Waterloo

From Middle Dutch, composed of water (“water”) + loo (“sacred wood, forest”).

af

A village in Walloon Brabant, Belgium; the site of a major military battle in 1815


Languedoc

Univerbation of the phrase langue d’oc (“the language of oc”), from Dante Alighieri’s De vulgari eloquentia, where he wrote in Latin: “nam alii oc, alii si, alii vero dicunt oil” (‘some say òc, others say sì, others say oïl’). Based on the Occitan word òc (“yes”), in contrast to Old French oïl (now French oui).


Maastricht

Borrowed from Dutch Maastricht, from Latin Mosae Traiectum.

Maastricht; A city in Limburg, Netherlands


Bonn

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Doncaster

The name of the reserve is derived from the English toponym Doncaster, a city in South Yorkshire.

A Native American reserve in Laurentides, Quebec, Canada.


Carthage

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)

Carthage (an ancient civilisation in North Africa, centred on the city of Carthage)


Strasbourg

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Lausanne

From the Roman name, Latin Lousonna or Lausōnium.

Lausanne (a municipality and city, the capital of Vaud canton, in western Switzerland, in which French is the main language)


vallée

Inherited from Middle French valee, from Old French valee, from val + -ée, from Latin vallis. Cf. also Medieval Latin valleta.


ruisseau

From Old French ruissel, from Vulgar Latin *rivuscellum (“brook, stream”), from Latin *rīvusculum (“creek, rivulet”) + -ellum (“-elle: forming diminutives”), from rīvus (“rivulet”) + -usculum (“-cule: forming diminutives”). Compare Italian ruscello.


Angers

Inherited from Latin Civitas Andecavorum, from Andecavi.

inh+

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Angers (a city, the prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France)


Dijon

From the Roman name, Latin Diviōnem, from the name Divius (“godly, divine”); see divus.

Dijon (the capital city of the Côte-d'Or department, France)


Hispaniola

Haitian Creole: Ispayola

Borrowed from Latin Hispāniola, a latinisation of Spanish la Española.

Hispaniola (an island in the Caribbean Sea)


Grenoble

Inherited from Old French Graignovol, ultimately from Late Latin Grātiānopolis, named after the emperor Gratian.

Grenoble (a city, the prefecture of the department of Isère, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Toulouse

→ English: Toulouse

Previously Thoulouse; from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin (Volcae Tectosages), or possibly from an Iberian or Aquitanian name.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Canaries

autonomous community
autonomous community

The Canary Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


Yukon

Borrowed from Gwich'in yukon (“great river”).

bor+

Yukon, Yukon Territory (a territory of Canada)


Jérémie

Haitian Creole: Jeremi

A commune and capital city in Grand'Anse, Haiti.


Maroc

→ Arabic: الْمَرُوك (al-marūk)


Léon

Leon (a historical region in Brittany, in northwestern France)


Montpellier

From Medieval Latin mōns (“mountain”) Pessulanus, Pestellarius, pislerius, pistillarius, variant of pastellus (“woad, dye”).
The municipality of Québec is named after postmaster Louis Beaulieu, dit Montpellier.

Montpellier (a city in the Hérault department, Occitania, France)

A municipality of Papineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Cherbourg

Inherited from Old French Chieresburg, probably from Old Norse kjarr (“thicket”) + borg (“fort”). Compare Old English Kiǣresburh.

Cherbourg, Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (a city in the Manche department, Normandy, France)


Cannes

Inherited from Old French Canua, possibly related to cane (“reed”). Or, possibly from a pre-Indo-European substrate toponym *kan ("tall, height").


Mulhouse

Borrowed from Alemannic German Milhüsa or its source Middle High German Mülnhūsen, from Old High German Mulinhūson; compare German Mülhausen (literally “mill house”).

cog

Mulhouse (a city in the Haut-Rhin department, Grand Est, France)


Nantes

From Latin Portus Namnetum, from the name of the Namnetes, a local Gaulish tribe.

Nantes (the capital city of the Loire-Atlantique department, France; capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire)


Troyes

→ English: Troyes

Inherited from Latin Tricassae, from (Augustobona) Tricassium, named after the Tricasses, a Celtic tribe.


Tours

From Latin Turonum, from Turones, the name of the area's Gaulish inhabitants in antiquity.

Tours (a city, the prefecture of the Indre-et-Loire department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Bénin

→ Japanese: ベナン (Benan)

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Corée

→ Khmer: កូរ៉េ (kouree)

→ Persian:

Iranian Persian: کره (kore)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قوره (kore)

> Turkish: Kore (inherited)

→ Albanian: Kore

→ Haitian Creole: Kore

Internationalism. See English entry for Korea for further etymology.

République populaire démocratique de Corée


Corée du Nord

LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Corée du Nord.wav


Gallois

fr-noun

Gallois m (plural Gallois, feminine Galloise)


Nioué

Niue (an island and country in Polynesia in Oceania, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)


Jamaïque

Haitian Creole: Jamayik

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Slovénie

→ Persian: اسلوونی (esloveni)

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Slovaquie

→ Persian: اسلواکی (eslovâki)


Érythrée

Haitian Creole: Eritre

→ Persian: اریتره (eritre)

→ Turkish: Eritre

From Latin erythraeus, as it was used in Erythraeum mare (“the Erythraean Sea”), from Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”). The second sense is a semantic loan from Italian l'Eritrea, first used in Italian as an ellipsis of la Colonia eritrea (“Italian Eritrea”, literally “the Erythraean colony”).

En second lieu, si l’on dit que les Tyriens se servirent du même expédient dont commença à user Cléopatre à la Bataille d’Actium, & que ces Vaisseaux furent transportez à force de Bras, & d’Argent, de la mer Mediterranée dans l’Erythrée, l’intervalle de l’une à l’autre n’étant que de trois cens stades; la chose ne paroîtra pas non plus incroyable.

1730, Traitez géographiques et historiques, pages 40–41:

[...] il se demande [...] comment il a pu se faire au contraire que l’Érythrée ait conservé son niveau sans baisser.

1886, Géographie de Strabon, pages 95–96:

(obsolete or historical) Ellipsis of la mer Érythrée (“the Erythraean Sea”).

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Libye

→ Persian: لیبی (libi)


Syrie

From Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría).

Holonym: Proche-Orient

Meronym: Cœlé-Syrie

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Monténégro

→ Persian: مونتهنگرو (monte-negro)

Borrowed from Venetan Montenegro (literally “black mountain”), a calque of Serbo-Croatian Cȓnā Gòra / Цр̑на̄ Го̀ра, referring to Mount Lovćen.

bor+

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Indonésie

→ Persian: اندونزی (andonezi)

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Serbie

From Latin Serbia; alternatively, serbe + -ie.

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


îles Salomon

les îles Salomon (canonical feminine plural)


Brunéi

Alternative spelling of Brunei: Brunei (a country in Southeast Asia)


Grenade

English: Grenada

Borrowed from Spanish Granada (city, region; island), from Arabic غَرْنَاطَة (Ḡarnāṭa, initially a suburb of the city, then city, region).

der

Granada (a province of Andalusia, Spain)

Grenada (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Jordanie

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Malaisie

→ Persian: مالزی (mâlezi)


Bosnie-Herzégovine

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Népal

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


Koweït

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait)


Kirghizistan

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Corée du Sud

LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Corée du Sud.wav


Géorgie

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Cap Vert

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Barbade

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Somalie

→ Persian: سومالی (somâli)

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Ouganda

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Guinée-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


Afrique du Sud

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Nouvelle-Calédonie

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Nouvelle-Zélande

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Singapour

→ Persian: سنگاپور (sangâpur)

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Thaïlande

Haitian Creole: Tayilann


Moldavie

Persian: مولداوی (moldâvi)

From Moldave + -ie, from Latin Moldavia.

Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia#English

Moldova, Western Moldavia (a region in eastern Romania adjacent to the country of Moldova, once part of the principality of Moldova)


République tchèque

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Biélorussie

Borrowed from Russian Белору́ссия (Belorússija).


Mauritanie

→ Persian: موریتانی (muritâni)


Micronésie

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


Bahreïn

Borrowed from Arabic الْبَحْرَيْن (al-baḥrayn).

الْبَحْرَيْن

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Québec

→ English: Quebec

→ Persian: کبک (kebek)

→ Portuguese: Quebeque, Quebec

Borrowed from Algonquin kepék (“(it) narrows”), originally referred to the area around Quebec City where the Saint Lawrence River narrows to a cliff-lined gap.

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)

Québec a annoncé de nouveaux investissements en santé.

Quebec City [i.e. the Quebec government] announced new funding for health.

(by metonymy) The government of the province of Quebec.


Arabie saoudite

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Azerbaïdjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Comores

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)

Comoros (an archipelago consisting of the Union of the Comoros and the French overseas department of Mayotte)


Sainte-Lucie

Saint Lucia (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Antigua-et-Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in the Caribbean)


Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Trinité-et-Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands in the Caribbean)


Yémen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Taïwan

Taiwan (an island and partly-recognized country in East Asia)

Anping District
Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)
fr:Taïwan


Finistère

Finistere (a cape and department of Brittany, France)


Morbihan

Morbihan (a department of Brittany, France)


Somme

Somme (a department of Hauts-de-France, France)


Lorient

Inherited from Old French l' + oriant. Found in Breton as An Oriant.


Ille-et-Vilaine

Ille-et-Vilaine (a department of Brittany, France)


Mayenne

The place is named after the River Mayenne, probably of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *madyeti (“to burst, spread”); alternatively, from Latin madeo (“to be wet”). Both are ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to be wet, moist”).

der

Mayenne (a department of Pays de la Loire, France)

Mayenne (a right tributary of the Loire, in northwestern France)


Vendée

→ Persian: وانده (vânde)

Vendée (a department of Pays de la Loire, France)

Vendée (a right tributary of the Sèvre Niortaise, in western France)


Toulon

From the Roman name, Latin Telō Mārtius. The first word could be from Telo, a Celtic spring deity, from Proto-Celtic *telo (“water hole, spring”), or from the obsolete tol (“hill”), from Proto-Celtic *tullon, *tullos (“hole”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”) (Welsh twll, Breton toull, Irish toll).

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Toulon (a city, the prefecture of the Var department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Metz

Metz (the capital city of the Moselle department, France)


Moselle

Moselle (a left tributary of Rhine, in northeastern France, and southwestern Germany)

Moselle (a department of Grand Est, France)


Navarre

Meronym: Pampelune

Navarre (an autonomous community of Spain)


Loire

→ Catalan: Loira

→ English: Loire

→ Polish: Loara

→ Spanish: Loira

Inherited from Latin Liger, itself borrowed from the native Gaulish name of the river, from *liga (“silt, sediment, deposit, alluvium”) (see also French lie, English lees), from Proto-Celtic *legyā, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, lay”), the same source as many words in English such as lie, ledge, etc.

Loire (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Loire (a major river in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Centre-Val de Loire and Pays de la Loire regions, France)


Guinée équatoriale

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Palaos

Ultimately from Palauan Belau (“Palau”).

Palau (A country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Hong-Kong

Hong Kong (a city, island, and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Saint-Marin

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


anse

Inherited from Middle French anse, from Late Old French anse, borrowed from Latin ānsa.


Néron

→ English: Néron

Néron (a village in the Eure-et-Loir department, Centre-Val de Loire, France)


fleuve

Inherited from Middle French fleuve, from late Old French flueve (12th cent.), according to the traditional view, a dissimilated form of fluive, fluie, a re-borrowing of Latin fluvius (“stream”). Alternatively, confluence with Old French fluet, flot ("river, flood"; from Frankish *flōd) and/or borrowing from Old Norse flóð (“tidal flood, estuarine river or flood”) cannot be ruled out. See flot. Replaced native Old French fluns, flum, from Latin flūmen (compare Occitan flume, Romansch flüm, Italian fiume).

gl

"river, flood"; from Frankish <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*flōd</i>

cog

L’Amazone est un fleuve d’Amérique du Sud.

The Amazon is a river located in South America.

Le fleuve Churchill au Labrador se jette dans l’Atlantique, alors que la rivière Churchill au Manitoba se jette dans la baie d’Hudson.

The Churchill River in Labrador flows into the Atlantic Ocean, whereas the Churchill River in Manitoba flows into Hudson Bay.

a river that flows into an ocean or sea (a river that flows into another river or body of water is called a rivière)

Les îles grandissent peu à peu et s’entourent d’une large ceinture de roches tapissées de mousses noirâtres ou de longs fucus bruns qui pendent à leurs flancs comme les roseaux de marbre dont les sculpteurs du dernier siècle ornaient leurs statues de fleuves.

1842, Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, “L’Archipel de Chausey, souvenirs d’un Naturaliste,”, in Revue des Deux Mondes, volume 30:

The islands gradually grow and are surrounded by a broad belt of rocks carpeted with blackish mosses or long brown seaweed hanging from their sides, like the marble reeds with which last century's sculptors decorated their statues of river gods.

(mythology, art) a river god, or the allegorical artistic representation of a river as an old, bearded man lying on reeds and holding or leaning on an urn from which the river's water flows


Sauzet

Sauzet (a town in Languedoc-Roussillon, France)


CDN

CDN; Initialism of Côte-des-Neiges. A district of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce borough, Montréal, Québec, Canada


Clarendon

The municipality is named after the English estate of Clarendon Park, famous for being the birthplace of the Constitutions of Clarendon.

A municipality of Pontiac, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.

Clarendon Park
Constitutions of Clarendon


Buckingham

The district is named after the English town of Buckingham.

A district of Gatineau, Outaouais, Quebec, Canada.


Balzac

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-rue Honoré-de-Balzac.wav

Balzac (a town and commune of the Charente department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Porto Rico

Puerto Rico (a commonwealth, island and dependent territory of the United States in the Caribbean)


Moose Jaw

Borrowed from English Moose Jaw. From Cree moscâstani-sîpiy.

Moose Jaw (a town in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada)

Moose Jaw (a rural municipality of Saskatchewan, Canada)


Provence

→ English: Provence

→ German: Provence

→ Russian: Прованс (Provans)

Borrowed from Occitan Provença, from Latin prōvincia. Doublet of province.


détroit de Messine

le détroit de Messine (canonical masculine)

Holonym: mer Ionienne


Savoie

From the Roman name, Late Latin Sapaudia, Sabaudia, referring to fir trees; see sappinus (“type of fir”).

Savoie (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Dunkerque

Meronyms: Malo-les-Bains, Petite-Synthe, Rosendaël, Saint-Gilles

Dunkirk (a city in the Nord department, in northern France)


Chamonix

From earlier Chamouni, from the Roman name, Latin campus munitus (“fortified field”).


Genève

→ Persian: ژنو (ženev)

Probably ultimately of Celtic origin. See also the Latin name, Genava.


détroit

Inherited from Latin districtus. Doublet of district. Compare also étroit and strict.


Écossais

fr-noun

Écossais m (plural Écossais, feminine Écossaise)


écossais

fr-adj

écossais (feminine écossaise, masculine plural écossais, feminine plural écossaises)

écossaise (feminine)
écossais (masculine plural)
écossaises (feminine plural)


Guangdong

/ɡwɑ̃ɡ.dɔ̃ɡ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 廣東 /广东 (Guǎngdōng).

Holonym: Chine

Meronym: Canton


Drummond

Named after British colonial administrator Gordon Drummond (1772 - 1854).

A regional county municipality of Centre-du-Québec, Quebec, Canada.


Auch

Borrowed from Gascon Aush, derived from Latin Elimberrum Ausciorum Augusta, Augusta Auscorum or Civitas Ausciorum, from Latin Ausci.

der+

Auch (a town and commune of the Gers department, Occitanie, France)


Shenyang

Holonym: Liaodong

Shenyang (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, in northeastern China).


Chongqing

Borrowed from Mandarin 重慶 /重庆 (Chóngqìng).

bor+

Chongqing (a direct-administered municipality and city in western China)


Wuhan

Wuhan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Hubei, China)


Laval

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-hôtel de la Croix-Laval.wav

From la (“the”) + val (“vale (valley)”).
* (Mayenne): From being situated at a valley
* (surname): Derived from the placename in Mayenne
* (Quebec municipality): Derived from the surname of an early settler
* (Quebec island): Derived from the name of the city located on the island

A village in the municipality of Sainte-Ode, in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium

A large city in southwestern Quebec, Canada; suburb of Montreal

(informal) Synonym of Île Jésus, an island in Quebec, Canada, where the city of Laval is located; ellipsis of Île de Laval.

Île Jésus

A prefecture and commune, the capital of the Mayenne department, France

A commune of the Isère department, in southeastern France


Louisville

Louisville (a place in the United States).


fr-proper noun

Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques f

/y.njɔ̃ de ʁe.py.blik sɔ.sja.list sɔ.vje.tik/

LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques.wav

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics#English

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Soviet Union (a former country in Europe and Asia)


Sichuan

Holonym: Chine

Meronyms: Chengdu, Chongqing