euro

Ce texte, qui devait entrer en vigueur à partir du 1er juillet, créait une obligation pour les plates-formes et les moteurs de recherche de retirer sous vingt-quatre heures – et même dans l’heure pour les images pédopornographiques et l’apologie du terrorisme – les contenus « manifestement illicites » qui leur sont signalés, sous peine d’amendes pouvant aller jusqu’à 1,25 million d’euros.

2020 June 19, “Stopper la haine sur Internet”, in Le Monde:

This text, which will become enforced beginning at the 1st of July, creats an obligation for platforms and search engines to remove in under twenty-four hours — and even within the hour for pedophilic pornography and justifications of terrorism — "manifestly illegal" contents of which they are alerted, under penalty of fines which can go up to 1.25 million euros.


France

Antillean Creole: Fwans

Haitian Creole: Frans

Louisiana Creole: Frans, Lafrans (via la France)

Mauritian Creole: Lafrans (via la France)

desc

→ Cantonese: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (faat3 laan4 sai1, faat3 laan4-1 sai1)

→ Burmese: ပြင်သစ် (prangsac)

→ Breton: Frañs

→ Eastern Min: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Huák-làng-să̤)

→ Finnish: Frans

→ Hokkien: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Hoat-lân-se)

→ Japanese: フランス (Furansu)

→ Khmer: បារាំង (baarang)

→ Korean: 프랑스 (Peurangseu)

→ Mandarin: 法蘭西 /法兰西 (Fǎlánxī)

→ Manchu: ᡶᠠ
ᠯᠠᠨ
ᠰᡳ (fa lan si)

→ Rade: Prăng

→ Romanian: Franța

Inherited from Middle French France, from Old French France, from Late Latin Francia, from Francī, the name of a Germanic tribe. Doublet of Francie.


Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


Luxembourg

→ Japanese: リュクサンブール (Ryukusanbūru)

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)


Portugal

Borrowed from Portuguese Portugal, from Latin Portus Cale.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Ukraine

→ Khmer: អ៊ុយក្រែន (ʼuykraen)

→ Lao: ອູກະແລນ (ʼū ka lǣn)

→ Lao: ອູກະແລນ (ʼū ka lǣn)

→ Persian: اوکراین (okrâyn)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína) or Russian Украи́на (Ukraína), from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina).

bor+

L’Ukraine a toujours aspiré à être libre : mais étant entourée de la Moscovie, des états du grand-seigneur, et de la Pologne, il lui a fallu chercher un protecteur, et par conséquent un maître dans l’un de ces trois états. Elle se mit d’abord sous la protection de la Pologne qui la traita trop en sujette : elle se donna depuis au Moscovite, qui la gouverna en esclave autant qu’il le put. D’abord les Ukrainiens jouirent du privilège d’élire un prince sous le nom de général ; mais bientôt ils furent dépouillés de ce droit, et leur général fut nommé par la cour de Moscou.

1731, Voltaire, Histoire de Charles XII, page 161:

Ukraine has always aspired to be free: but being surrounded by Muscovy, the states of the Sultan, and Poland, a protector had to be sought, and consequently a master in one of these three states. She first put herself under the protection of Poland, who treated her too much as subject. She then gave herself to the Muscovite, who governed her as a slave as much as he could. At first the Ukrainians enjoyed the privilege of electing a prince under the name of general; but soon they were stripped of this right, and their general was appointed by the court of Moscow.

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


URSS

Initialism of Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques.


Réunion

administrative region
administrative region

Réunion (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, located in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mauritius and to the east of Madagascar)


Martinique

Haitian Creole: Matinik

Martinique (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean)


Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Guadeloupe

Antillean Creole: Gwadloup

Haitian Creole: Gwadloup

Named after the Spanish city of Guadalupe. Coined by Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in honour of the Our Lady of Guadalupe in Extremadura shrine.

coin

Guadeloupe (an island in the northeastern edge of the Caribbean Sea)

Guadeloupe (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe)


Mayotte

territorial collectivity
territorial collectivity

Mayotte (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, formerly an overseas territorial collectivity, located between Africa's mainland and Madagascar)


Catalan

fr-noun

Catalan m (plural Catalans, feminine Catalane)


Saxon

Saxon m (plural Saxons, feminine Saxonne)

Inherited from Old French Saxon, borrowed from Late Latin Saxō, of West Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sahsō.

Saxon (resident or native of Saxony) (male or of unspecified gender)


Europe

From Latin Eurōpa, from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa), a character in Greek mythology.


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


allemand

fr-adj

allemand (feminine allemande, masculine plural allemands, feminine plural allemandes)

allemande (feminine)
allemands (masculine plural)
allemandes (feminine plural)

From Late Latin Alamannus or Alemannus (related to Alamans, ancient Germanic people for whom the name meant "all men", "all people", according to Asinius Quadratus). aleman became alemant by the addition of a terminal T of the singular objective case for adjectives of second class in Old French, and then alemand. The Latin word itself derives from the Old High German Alaman, from a Proto-Germanic *Alamanniz, likely from the roots *allaz (whence English all) and *manniz < *mann- (whence English man).

J’ai acheté une voiture allemande.

Les contes allemands sont fameux.

(relational) German (related to or originating from Germany)


anglais

Il parle anglais.


Paris

desctree

→ English: Paris, Paree (humorous, deliberate misspelling), Parish, Parris, Parrish, Pares
→ Arabic: بارِيس (bārīs), بَارِيز (bārīz) — dated, پَارِيس (pārīs) — rare
→ Afar: Baaríis
→ Somali: Baaríis
→ Hindi: पेरिस (peris)
→ Urdu: پَیرِس (pairis)
→ Punjabi: پَیرَس (pairas)

Inherited from Old French Paris, from Late Latin name of an earlier settlement, Lūtētia Parīsiōrum (“Lutetia of the Parisii”), from Latin Parīsiī, a Gaulish tribe.

avec des si on mettrait Paris en bouteille

Paris est beaucoup moins bruyant en été

Paris est vraiment belle la nuit

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)


Naples

Inherited from Middle French Napples, from Italian Napoli, from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polĭs), from νέᾱ (néā, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city”).

Naples (a metropolitan city and city in Campania, Italy)


Roumanie

→ Persian: رومانی (rumâni)

→ Vietnamese: Ru-ma-ni

desc

→ Lao: ລູມານີ (lū mā nī)

→ Lao: ລູມານີ (lū mā nī)

From Latin Romania; alternatively, roumain + -ie.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Breton

fr-noun

Breton m (plural Bretons, feminine Bretonne)

English: Breton, Briton

From Old French Breton, from Latin Brittō.


Toscane

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Moscovite

Moscovite m or f by sense (plural Moscovites)

Muscovite (resident or native of Moscow; used of both genders)


français

fr-adj

français (feminine française, masculine plural français, feminine plural françaises)

française (feminine)
français (masculine plural)
françaises (feminine plural)

Altered from Middle French françois, from Old French françois, franceis, from France + -ois, corresponding to Early Medieval Latin francēnsis, from Late Latin Francus (“a Frank”). By surface analysis, France + -ais.

(Louisiana) Franco-American or Francophone


Berlin

→ Vietnamese: Béc-lanh

→ Persian: برلن (berlan)

États de la zone: Bade-Wurtemberg · Bavière · Brandebourg · Hesse · Basse-Saxe · Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale · Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie · Rhénanie-Palatinat · Sarre · Saxe · Saxe-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thuringe

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


Cologne

Inherited from Old French Cologne, Coloigne, from Latin colōnia (“colony”) in Colōnia Agrippīna (“Agrippine Colony”), a settlement named after Agrippina, the mother of Roman Emperor Nero.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Kiev

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


Liverpool

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)


Milan

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)

Milan (a metropolitan city of Lombardy, Italy)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Rome

→ Guianese Creole: Ròm

→ Haitian Creole: Wòm

→ Persian: رم (rom)

→ Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)

Inherited from Old French Rome, from Latin Rōma.

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)


Munich

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Turin

Turin (the capital city of Piedmont, Italy)

Turin (a metropolitan city of Piedmont, Italy)


Zurich

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Zagreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Latium

Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


Molise

Molise (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Prague

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Bretagne

→ Greek: Βρετάνη (Vretáni)

→ Russian: Брета́нь (Bretánʹ)

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Malte

→ Persian: مالت (mâlt)

From Italian and Maltese Malta, from Arabic مالطا, from Latin Melita.

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


tsar

desc

→ Persian: تزار (tezâr), تسار (tesâr) (rare)

From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César.


Flevoland

Flevoland (a province of the Netherlands)


Overijssel

Overijssel (a province of the Netherlands)


alsacien

fr-adj

alsacien (feminine alsacienne, masculine plural alsaciens, feminine plural alsaciennes)

alsacienne (feminine)
alsaciens (masculine plural)
alsaciennes (feminine plural)


alsacien

Alsatian; dialect of German spoken in what is today France


Lombard

fr-noun

Lombard m (plural Lombards, feminine Lombarde)

Lombard (resident or native of Lombardy)


Danube

Inherited from Middle French Danube, from Old French Danube (att. since mid-12th c.), borrowed from Latin Dānubius, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).

der

Danube (a river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania)


Alpes

→ Belarusian: А́льпы (Álʹpy)

→ Bulgarian: А́лпи (Álpi)

→ Middle English: Alpes

desctree

English: Alps
→ Hindi: ऐल्प्स (ailps)
→ Japanese: アルプス (Arupusu)
→ Urdu: الپس (alps)

→ Macedonian: А́лпи (Álpi)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلپ (Alp)

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلپلر (Alpler)

Turkish: Alpler

→ Persian: آلپ (âlp)

→ Romanian: Alpi

→ Russian: А́льпы (Álʹpy)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Алпи

desc

Latin script: Ȃlpe, Alpi (Bosnia, Serbia)

LL-Q150 (fra)-Bastenbas (Lingua)-La Salle-les-Alpes.wav

Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)


Italie

From Latin Italia via Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλίᾱ (Ītalíā), from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú, “land of bulls”), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy; usually assumed to be a cognate of vitulus (“calf”).


Chypre

From Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

République de Chypre
République de Chypre#French

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia; official name: République de Chypre)


Türkiye

Grâce à la forte participation de l’ONU, de la Türkiye et d’autres partenaires, nous avons montré comment la coopération de quelques-uns peut rétablir la sécurité alimentaire pour beaucoup.

2022, Rafael Barracuda, Comment améliorer le monde: Comment obtenir la paix, la sécurité, la santé et le bonheur ?, →ISBN:

De même, dans les affaires administratives, les différences sont vastes, la Croatie et l’Italie ont déclaré que plus de la moitié des affaires pendantes avaient plus de deux ans, suivies par l’Ukraine (39,6%) et la Türkiye (30,6%).

2022, Systèmes judiciaires européens - Rapport d’évaluation de la CEPEJ - 2022 Partie 1: Tableaux, graphiques et analyses, Conseil de l’Europe, →ISBN, page 163:

Le projet devrait être appliqué en Algérie, en Tunisie, en Palestine, en Égypte, en Jordanie et en Türkiye d’ici 2022.

2022, Traverser la crise du COVID-19 et préparer l’avenir: La reprise dans la région MENA, OCDE, →ISBN, page 82:

Les ministres de la Türkiye, de l’Allemagne, des États-Unis et du Maroc au stand de ce dernier lors de la visite de l’exposition.

2022, “Exhibition & Side Events”, in Transport for Inclusive Societies: Summit Highlights in Pictures, 18-22 May 2022, Leipzig, International Transport Forum, page 33:

Bien que les élèves du Luxembourg et de la Türkiye bénéficient de 15 semaines de vacances par an, celles-ci sont réparties en six périodes de vacances au Luxembourg, et en deux périodes en Türkiye (figure 17.6).

2022, Rapport mondial de suivi sur l’éducation: Les acteurs non étatiques dans l’éducation, UNESCO, →ISBN, page 332:

(neologism) Türkiye, Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Thessalonique

→ Persian: تسالونیک (tesâlonik)


Gibraltar

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Belgique

→ Persian: بلژیک (belžik)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بلچیقه (belçika)

> Turkish: Belçika (inherited)

→ Azerbaijani: Belçika

→ Crimean Tatar: Belçika

→ Central Kurdish: بەلجیکا (belcîka)

→ Arabic: بِلْجِيكَا (biljīkā)

Originally an adjective, borrowed from Latin Belgicus; morphologically, from Belge + -ique. Noun use arose by ellipsis of province belgique.

Royaume de Belgique
Royaume de Belgique#English

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France; official name: Royaume de Belgique)


Autriche

→ Persian: اتریش (otriš)

→ Northern Kurdish: Otrîş

→ Lao: ໂອຕຣິດ (ʼōt rit)

→ Khmer: អូទ្រីស (ʼoutriih)

→ Mauritian Creole: Otrish

From Middle French Aust(e)riche, Ost(e)riche, from Old French Ostriche (ca. 1200), from Middle High German Ōsterīche, from Old High German Ōstarrīhhi (literally “eastern realm”).


Danemark

→ Persian: دانمارک (dânmârk)

il y a quelque chose de pourri au royaume du Danemark


Albion

« Attaquons dans ses eaux la perfide Albion. »

1793, Augustin Louis de Ximénès, L'Ère des Français:

"Let us attack perfidious Albion in her waters."

« Et la guerre ? Et les forfanteries de la perfide Albion tournant en eau de boudin ? Farce ! Farce ! »

1878, Gustave Flaubert, Correspondances:

"What about war? And what about the conceitedness of the perfidious Albion petering out? What a joke! What a joke!

« Perfide Albion je te maudis / Depuis le jour où tu m’as séduit / Je pense à toi en plein Paris / C’est malgré moi j’ai le mal de ton pays

1982, Yves Martin, Perfide Albion, Saban Records

"Damn you, Perfidious Albion / Since the day you seduced me / I think about you in the middle of Paris / It is in spite of myself that I am homesick for you"


soviet

Borrowed from Russian сове́т (sovét, “council”).


Sophie

1845, Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui, Voyage en Bulgarie 1841, chapitre IX
On franchit une marche de Nissa à Mustapha-Pacha-Palanka, puis une autre de Palanka à Scharkoë et une troisième de Scharkoë à Sophie, en traversant le long plateau de Tzaribrod.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(archaic) Sofia (the capital city of Bulgaria)


Rennes

Rennes (the capital city of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, France; capital city of the region of Brittany)


Allemagne

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلمانیه (Almanya)

> Turkish: Almanya (inherited)

→ Northern Kurdish: Almanya

→ Abkhaz: алман (alman)

→ Persian:

Dari: آلْمَان (ālmān)

Iranian Persian: آلمان (âlmân)

Tajik: Олмон (Olmon)

→ Vietnamese: An Lê Mân

→ Malagasy: Alemaina

Inherited from Old French Alemaigne, from Latin Alemannia. Compare Portuguese Alemanha, Spanish Alemania, English Almain.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


couronne

Inherited from Old French corone, inherited from Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē).

La plupart avaient des tumeurs, et on se demandait toujours si c’était cancéreux ou pas, quand c’était cancéreux ils mouraient, et on donnait pour la couronne.

1961, Christiane Rochefort, Les petits enfants du siècle, Grasset, page 12:


Angleterre

desctree

Italian: Inghilterra
→ Arabic: إِنْجِلْتِرَا (ʔinjiltirā)
→ Maltese: Ingilterra
→ Ottoman Turkish: انكلتره
> Turkish: İngiltere (inherited)
→ Azerbaijani: İngiltərə

/ɑ̃.ɡlə.tɛʁ/

Inherited from Middle French Angleterre, Engleterre, from Old French Engleterre, calque of Old English Engla land.

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

(informal, often proscribed) England (informal name of the United Kingdom, a country in Western Europe)


Moscou

→ Persian: مسکو (mosko)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Venise

→ Vietnamese: Vơ-ni-dơ

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)

Venice (a metropolitan city of Veneto, Italy)


rémois

fr-adj

rémois (feminine rémoise, masculine plural rémois, feminine plural rémoises)

rémoise (feminine)
rémois (masculine plural)
rémoises (feminine plural)


Allemand

fr-noun

Allemand m (plural Allemands, feminine Allemande)

Turkish: Alman


Alsacien

Alsacien m (plural Alsaciens, feminine Alsacienne)

Alsaciens (plural)
Alsacienne (feminine)


Anglais

Anglais m (plural Anglais, feminine Anglaise)

(Louisiana) an Anglo-American or English speaker, as opposed to someone with French ancestry


Corse

Inherited from Latin Corsica, from Ancient Greek Κορσική (Korsikḗ).

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Français

Français m (plural Français, feminine Française)

Louisiana Creole: Françé, Fransé


Hongrois

Hongrois m (plural Hongrois, feminine Hongroise)

Hungarian, resident or native of Hungary (male or of unspecified gender)


Italien

Italien m (plural Italiens, feminine Italienne)


Nice

From the Roman name, Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νίκαια (Níkaia), from νίκη (níkē, “victory”).

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Porto

Porto (a city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal)


Rémois

Rémois m (plural Rémois, feminine Rémoise)


Valence

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain)


Vienne

→ Persian: وین (viyan)

Of disputed origin. Perhaps from the Roman name, Latin Vindobona, or possibly from a Celtic word *Veduna (“forest stream”), which would justify the phonetic evolution into the modern french form. Compare Proto-Celtic *widus (“woodland”).

Vienna (the capital city and state of Austria)


basque

→ English: Basque
→ Welsh: Basg

⇒ Irish: Bascach, Bascais

Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
fr:basque

This form is inherited from Middle French and took precedence in the mid 15th century. Derived from Latin Vascō, singular form of the plural noun Vascones (see there for more).
The transition of the initial -v- to -b- indicates a likely loan from Spanish or Occitan. Old French forms included bascle, and Old Provençal (Occitan), bascon, basclon. Medieval Latin had the plurals bascli, basculi, and basclos, basculos, but also basclones, basculones, while Renaissance Latin used Basculus among other names. The latinate forms with a v have remained in use too. Doublet of gascon and Vascon, from the accusative form Vasconem. A connection to the family of Basque euskal, euskara is uncertain.


breton

fr-adj

breton (feminine bretonne, masculine plural bretons, feminine plural bretonnes)

bretonne (feminine)
bretons (masculine plural)
bretonnes (feminine plural)

(relational) Breton (of or relating to Brittany, its language or people)


occitan

occitan (feminine occitane, masculine plural occitans, feminine plural occitanes)

occitane (feminine)
occitans (masculine plural)
occitanes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Occitānus in the phrase lingua Occitāna, Latinization of langue d’oc. The ending -itanus perhaps after aquitanus.


catalan

catalan (feminine catalane, masculine plural catalans, feminine plural catalanes)

catalane (feminine)
catalans (masculine plural)
catalanes (feminine plural)


Manche

(with the definite article) the English Channel (an arm of the Atlantic Ocean between France and England)


PP

Préfecture de police
w:Paris Police Prefecture

(Paris) Initialism of Préfecture de police.


rennais

rennais (feminine rennaise, masculine plural rennais, feminine plural rennaises)

rennaise (feminine)
rennais (masculine plural)
rennaises (feminine plural)


Londres

desctree

→ Italian: Londra
→ Maltese: Londra
→ Ottoman Turkish: لوندره (Londra)
Turkish: Londra
→ Romanian: Londra

→ Sanskrit: लण्ड्र (laṇḍra)

Inherited from Middle French Londres, from Old French Londres, ultimately from Latin Londinium.
However, it is not a natural evolution from Latin to French, as Londinium would render *Londin, *Londein. Thus, it is possible that it was borrowed or at least derived from Old English Lunden. The final syllable would have been weakened to -dn, later changing to -dr, which would yield an epenthetic -e. The -s would be added to fit Old French declension.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Islande

→ Greek: Ισλανδία f (Islandía)

→ Persian: ایسلند (island)

Borrowed from Icelandic Ísland, from Old Norse íss (“ice”) + land (“land, country”).


Lettonie

→ Persian: لتونی (letoni)


bavarois

fr-adj

bavarois (feminine bavaroise, masculine plural bavarois, feminine plural bavaroises)

bavaroise (feminine)
bavarois (masculine plural)
bavaroises (feminine plural)


Provençal

fr-noun

Provençal m (plural Provençaux, feminine Provençale)

Provençaux (plural)
Provençale (feminine)

Provençal (resident or native of Provence)


Savoyard

Savoyard m (plural Savoyards, feminine Savoyarde)


savoyard

fr-adj

savoyard (feminine savoyarde, masculine plural savoyards, feminine plural savoyardes)

savoyarde (feminine)
savoyards (masculine plural)
savoyardes (feminine plural)


Bruxelles

Of Germanic origin, composed from *brōk (“marsh”) + *sali (“building, room”).

af

Il reste quelques jours de plus à Bruxelles.

He's staying in Brussels for a few more days.


saxon

fr-adj

saxon (feminine saxonne, masculine plural saxons, feminine plural saxonnes)

saxonne (feminine)
saxons (masculine plural)
saxonnes (feminine plural)


Albanie

→ Persian: آلبانی (âlbâni)

→ Vietnamese: An-ba-ni

Mauritian Creole: Albani


Tour de France

LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-Tour de France.wav

(cycling) Tour de France (annual cycling race through France)


Anvers

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)


Galles

Haitian Creole: Gal


Tyrol

Tyrol (region (state) in western Austria)


Lombardie

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


bruxellois

bruxellois (feminine bruxelloise, masculine plural bruxellois, feminine plural bruxelloises)

bruxelloise (feminine)
bruxellois (masculine plural)
bruxelloises (feminine plural)


espagnol

espagnol (feminine espagnole, masculine plural espagnols, feminine plural espagnoles)

espagnole (feminine)
espagnols (masculine plural)
espagnoles (feminine plural)

From Spanish español or from Middle French espaignol, from Old French espagneul or espaigneul, borrowed from Old Occitan espaignol, espainol, from a Vulgar Latin *Hispaniolus, from Latin Hispānus, from Hispania. Doublet of épagneul.

L’Inquisition espagnole s’appelle ainsi parce qu’elle était la contribution -ardente- de l’état espagnol à la lutte contre l’hérésie

The Spanish Inquisition was thus named because it was the -ardent- contribution of the Spanish state to the fight against heresy

Spanish, from or otherwise related to Spain, its people etc.


Espagne

⇒ Haitian Creole: Espay

→ Khmer: អេស្ប៉ាញ (ʼeespaañ)

desc

→ Lao: ເອັສປາຍ (ʼet pāi)

→ Lao: ເອັສປາຍ (ʼet pāi)

Inherited from Old French Espangne, Espaigne, from Latin Hispānia. The /s/ was preserved or reinstated under learned influence (instead of expected *Épagne).

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Pyrénées

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیرنه (Pirene)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پیرنهلر (Pireneler)

Turkish: Pireneler

→ Persian: پیرنه (pirene)

From Latin Pȳrēnaeī montēs, from Ancient Greek Πῡρήνη (Pūrḗnē).

Pyrenees (a mountain range between France and Spain)


Suisse

→ Chinese: 瑞士 (Ruìshì)

→ Japanese: スイス (Suisu)

→ Korean: 스위스 (seuwiseu)

→ Persian: سوئیس (su'is)

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Bordeaux

Inherited from Middle French Bordeaulx, from Occitan Bordèu, from Old Occitan Bordel, from Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root.

Bordeaux (the capital city of the Gironde department, France; capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Minsk

Minsk (the capital and largest city of Belarus)


Lyon

English: Lyon, Lyons

From Latin Lugdūnum, from Gaulish *Lugudūnon (“fort of Lug”), from the Celtic deity Lugus, from Proto-Celtic *Lugus.

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


amstellodamois

fr-adj

amstellodamois (feminine amstellodamoise, masculine plural amstellodamois, feminine plural amstellodamoises)

amstellodamoise (feminine)
amstellodamois (masculine plural)
amstellodamoises (feminine plural)


Aquitaine

→ English: Aquitaine

Borrowed from Latin Aquitania. Doublet of the inherited Guyenne and Guienne, from Old French Aguyenne.

Gallia Aquitanica
Gallia Aquitanica#English

Gallia Aquitanica (a province of the Roman Empire)

Meronyms: Béarn, Gascogne, Guyenne

Holonym: Gascogne

Meronym: Béarn


Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (canonical feminine)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (an administrative region of France)


Pays de la Loire

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English:_Q16994

Pays de la Loire (an administrative region of France, near Brittany)


Île-de-France

Likely from a corruption of Frankish *Liddle Franke (“little Franconia”), from Frankish *lūtil (“little”) + the name of the Frankish tribe, later reinterpreted as l’ + île + de + France (the Isle of France).

der

Meronyms: Essonne, Hurepoix, Paris, Seine-et-Marne, Yvelines, Val-de-Marne

Île-de-France (an administrative region in north-central France, including Paris)


Grande-Bretagne

(loosely) Great Britain, United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


Royaume-Uni

Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord

United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


Leeds

Leeds (a large city and metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England)


Normandie

Inherited from Old French Normendie, from normant + -ie.

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


Ancien Régime

From ancien (“former”) + régime (“rule, order”).


Marseille

From the Latin Massilia, Marsilia, Massalia, from Ancient Greek Μασσαλία (Massalía), possibly an Ancient Ligurian toponym or perhaps from Ancient Greek μάσσων (mássōn, “further”) + ἅλς (háls, “sea”), literally “(city) on far end of the sea” cf. Ancient Greek παραλία (paralía).

af

Meronyms: Belsunce, Canebière, Évêché, Frais-Vallon, La Timone, Sormiou

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Aragon

Aragon (an autonomous community of Spain)


suédois

Haitian Creole: syedwa


suédois

fr-adj

suédois (feminine suédoise, masculine plural suédois, feminine plural suédoises)

suédoise (feminine)
suédois (masculine plural)
suédoises (feminine plural)


danois

danois (feminine danoise, masculine plural danois, feminine plural danoises)

danoise (feminine)
danois (masculine plural)
danoises (feminine plural)


néerlandais

néerlandais (feminine néerlandaise, masculine plural néerlandais, feminine plural néerlandaises)

néerlandaise (feminine)
néerlandais (masculine plural)
néerlandaises (feminine plural)


estonien

estonien (feminine estonienne, masculine plural estoniens, feminine plural estoniennes)

estonienne (feminine)
estoniens (masculine plural)
estoniennes (feminine plural)


finnois

Haitian Creole: finwa


grec

fr-noun

grec m (countable and uncountable, plural grecs)

Inherited from Middle French grec, borrowed from Latin graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).
This learned form supplanted the older grégeois (now only in feu grégeois), from Old French grezois, derived from inherited Old French gri(e)u with the ending -ois, or possibly stemming from a Vulgar Latin *graeciscus.
The feminine form in -cque is a remnant of an older spelling habit, which has occasionally survived after -e- (compare Mecque), possibly in order to avoid the grave accent (*grèque).


irlandais

From Irlande (“Ireland”) + -ais (demonym suffix).


letton

Certaines reconstructions ont montré que le letton et le lituanien sont les langues encore parlées qui se rapprochent le plus de l’indo-européen.

Certain reconstructions have shown that Latvian and Lithuanian are the languages still spoken which approach closest to Indo-European.


letton

fr-adj

letton (feminine lettonne, masculine plural lettons, feminine plural lettonnes)

lettonne (feminine)
lettons (masculine plural)
lettonnes (feminine plural)


lituanien

lituanien (feminine lituanienne, masculine plural lituaniens, feminine plural lituaniennes)

lituanienne (feminine)
lituaniens (masculine plural)
lituaniennes (feminine plural)


polonais

polonais (feminine polonaise, masculine plural polonais, feminine plural polonaises)

polonaise (feminine)
polonais (masculine plural)
polonaises (feminine plural)

→ Romanian: polonez

→ Turkish: Polonez


slovaque

Slovak, Slovakian, the Slovakian language


Nuremberg

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


sicilien

sicilien (feminine sicilienne, masculine plural siciliens, feminine plural siciliennes)

sicilienne (feminine)
siciliens (masculine plural)
siciliennes (feminine plural)


Lille

Inherited from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), from Latin Īnsula, from īnsula (“island”), whence also île. The name was resegmented (like its Dutch counterpart Rijsel): in à l'Isle (“at the Isle”), the definite article came to be considered part of the name, and it was thus interpreted as à Lille.

inh+

Meronyms: Bois-Blancs, Faubourg de Béthune, Fives, Hellemmes-Lille, Lille-Moulins, Lomme, Saint-Maurice Pellevoisin, Vauban-Esquermes, Wazemmes

Lille (the department capital of the Nord department, France; regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


Elbe

Elbe (a major river of the Czech Republic and Germany)


Letton

fr-noun

Letton m (plural Lettons, feminine Lettonne or Lettone)

Lettons (plural)
Lettonne (feminine)
Lettone (feminine)


Serbe

From Serbo-Croatian Srb, from Proto-Slavic *sьrbъ.


Russie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Russi, alternatively from russe + -ie.

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Estonie

→ Persian: استونی (estoni)


Andorre

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Finlande

→ Persian: فنلاند (fanlând)

Haitian Creole: Fenlann


Hollande

(colloquial, by extension) Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Pays-Bas

les Pays-Bas (canonical masculine plural)

From pays (“land, country”) + bas (“low, nether”), a calque of Dutch Nederland. Compare the obsolete borrowing Néerlande.

af

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Écosse

Inherited from Middle French Escosse, from Old French Escoce, Escouce, from Latin Scōtia. The Old French variant with ou is the expected one. However, it seems unlikely that the word was inherited through Vulgar Latin in either form.

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom, located in northwest Europe to the north of England)


pays de Galles

→ Vietnamese: xứ Uên (calque)

→ Turkish: Galler

From pays (“land, country”) + de (“of”) + Galles (“Wales”).

Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Lituanie

→ Persian: لیتوانی (litvâni)

desc

→ Lao: ລີຕົວນີ (lī tūa nī)

→ Lao: ລີຕົວນີ (lī tūa nī)

→ Khmer: លីទុយអានី (liituyʼaanii)


Suède

→ Persian: سوئد (su'ed)


Bulgarie

→ Vietnamese: Bun-ga-ri

From Latin Bulgaria; alternatively, bulgare + -ie.

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Bermudes

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Arménie

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Croatie

→ Persian: کرواسی (korovâsi)

→ Khmer: ក្រូអាស៊ី (krouʼaasii)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

La République de Croatie
La République de Croatie#French

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe; official name: La République de Croatie)


Grèce

Inherited from Old French Grece, from Latin Graecia


Irlande

→ Persian: ایرلند (irland)

Haitian Creole: Ilann


Macédoine

Inherited from Old French Macedoine, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin Macedonia, from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), which see for more.

der

Macedonia (a region in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)


Norvège

→ Arabic: النرويج (an-nurwīj)

→ Persian: نروژ (norvež)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نرويج (Norvec)

> Turkish: Norveç (inherited)


Turquie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Turcia, Turchia; alternatively from turc + -ie.

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


milanais

fr-adj

milanais (feminine milanaise, masculine plural milanais, feminine plural milanaises)

milanaise (feminine)
milanais (masculine plural)
milanaises (feminine plural)


norvégien

norvégien (feminine norvégienne, masculine plural norvégiens, feminine plural norvégiennes)

norvégienne (feminine)
norvégiens (masculine plural)
norvégiennes (feminine plural)


Strasbourg

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Ypres

English: Ypres

First mentioned 1066, probably related to the river Ieperlee of Flanders, from Dutch iep (“elm tree”).


Toulouse

→ English: Toulouse

Previously Thoulouse; from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin (Volcae Tectosages), or possibly from an Iberian or Aquitanian name.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Belge

Belgian person, resident or native of Belgium; used of both genders


Canaries

The Canary Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


Nantes

From Latin Portus Namnetum, from the name of the Namnetes, a local Gaulish tribe.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Nantes (the capital city of the Loire-Atlantique department, France; capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire)


Ys

1955, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tristes Tropiques (1993 edition), Plon, chapter IX, page 89; translated 1973 by John and Doreen Weightman as Tristes Tropiques (2011 edition), Penguin Books

The bay at Rio eats right into the heart of the city: you land in the centre, as if the other half, like the fabled town of Ys, had already been engulfed by waves.

Rio est mordu par sa baie jusqu’au cœur; on débarque en plein centre, comme si l’autre moitié, nouvelle Ys, avait été déjà dévorée par les flots.


albanais

albanais (feminine albanaise, masculine plural albanais, feminine plural albanaises)

albanaise (feminine)
albanais (masculine plural)
albanaises (feminine plural)


bulgare

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Bulgarus, from Old Church Slavonic блъгаринъ (blŭgarinŭ, “Bulgarian”). Doublet of bougre.


finlandais

fr-adj

finlandais (feminine finlandaise, masculine plural finlandais, feminine plural finlandaises)

finlandaise (feminine)
finlandais (masculine plural)
finlandaises (feminine plural)


géorgien

/ʒe.ɔʁ.ʒjɛ̃/


géorgien

géorgien (feminine géorgienne, masculine plural géorgiens, feminine plural géorgiennes)

géorgienne (feminine)
géorgiens (masculine plural)
géorgiennes (feminine plural)

/ʒe.ɔʁ.ʒjɛ̃/

(relational) of Georgia (country); Georgian

(relational) of Georgia (US state); Georgian


Gallois

fr-noun

Gallois m (plural Gallois, feminine Galloise)


Slovénie

→ Persian: اسلوونی (esloveni)

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Slovaquie

→ Persian: اسلواکی (eslovâki)


Serbie

From Latin Serbia; alternatively, serbe + -ie.

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Monténégro

→ Persian: مونتهنگرو (monte-negro)

Borrowed from Venetan Montenegro (literally “black mountain”), a calque of Serbo-Croatian Cȓnā Gòra / Цр̑на̄ Го̀ра, referring to Mount Lovćen.

bor+

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Géorgie

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


Bosnie-Herzégovine

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Moldavie

Persian: مولداوی (moldâvi)

From Moldave + -ie, from Latin Moldavia.


Biélorussie

Borrowed from Russian Белору́ссия (Belorússija).


Tchèque

fr-noun

Tchèque m or f by sense (plural Tchèques)

Czech (resident or native of the Czech Republic)


République tchèque

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Azerbaïdjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Navarre

Meronym: Pampelune

autonomous community
autonomous community

Navarre (an autonomous community of Spain)


Saint-Marin

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


pisan

fr-adj

pisan (feminine pisane, masculine plural pisans, feminine plural pisanes)

pisane (feminine)
pisans (masculine plural)
pisanes (feminine plural)


niçois

niçois (feminine niçoise, masculine plural niçois, feminine plural niçoises)

niçoise (feminine)
niçois (masculine plural)
niçoises (feminine plural)


Parisien

fr-noun

Parisien m (plural Parisiens, feminine Parisienne)

Parisiens (plural)
Parisienne (feminine)

Hier, j’ai rencontré un Parisien à Londres.


détroit de Messine

le détroit de Messine (canonical masculine)

Holonym: mer Ionienne


turc

fr-adj

turc (feminine turque, masculine plural turcs, feminine plural turques)

turque (feminine)
turcs (masculine plural)
turques (feminine plural)


arrivederci

Borrowed from Italian arrivederci (“goodbye”), from a (“to”) with rivederci (“to see each other again”), from the infinitive rivedersi (“to see each other again, to meet again”), from ri- (“re-”) with the infinitive vedersi (“to see each other”), from vedere (“to see”) with the variable pronoun si (“oneself; one another”).
Cognate with French au revoir.


wallon

fr-adj

wallon (feminine wallonne, masculine plural wallons, feminine plural wallonnes)

wallonne (feminine)
wallons (masculine plural)
wallonnes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Walloon walon, from Frankish *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”).


écossais

écossais (feminine écossaise, masculine plural écossais, feminine plural écossaises)

écossaise (feminine)
écossais (masculine plural)
écossaises (feminine plural)


Écossais

fr-noun

Écossais m (plural Écossais, feminine Écossaise)


fr-proper noun

Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques f

/y.njɔ̃ de ʁe.py.blik sɔ.sja.list sɔ.vje.tik/

LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques.wav

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics#English

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Soviet Union (a former country in Europe and Asia)


provençal

From Provence + -al. Compare provincial.

Provençal; Occitan, especially the dialect of Occitan that is spoken in Provence


parisien

fr-adj

parisien (feminine parisienne, masculine plural parisiens, feminine plural parisiennes)

parisienne (feminine)
parisiens (masculine plural)
parisiennes (feminine plural)


Cornouailles

Inherited from Middle French Cornuaille, from Old French Cornuaille. Ending -s was only added in later French to distinguish from homophonous Cornouaille, which refers to a region in Brittany.


arménien

arménien (feminine arménienne, masculine plural arméniens, feminine plural arméniennes)

arménienne (feminine)
arméniens (masculine plural)
arméniennes (feminine plural)


Athènes

→ Persian: آتن (âten)

Borrowed from Latin Athēnae, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Copenhague

Ultimately from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Hambourg

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


Bavière

From Old French Baviere, Baiviere, from Medieval Latin Baioaria.


Brême

From Middle French Breme, Bresme, Bremes, from Middle Low German Brēmen.

Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)


Rhénanie

[...] le commandant Grondelet disait toute son inquiétude à voir la Rhénanie aspirer la quasi-totalité de nos troupes pendant que s’agitaient les classes laborieuses à l’intérieur du pays.

1926, Marcel Aymé, Brûlebois, Éditions Gallimard, chap. VI, 1975 ed., pp. 68-69


Saxe

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-avenue du Maréchal-de-Saxe.wav

From Middle French Saxe, an apparently semi-learned form which displaced Old French Saisunie, Sessoigne, etc., from Latin Saxōnia, perhaps after Medieval Latin Saxia or influenced by German Sachsen itself. Compare Middle French Saxone (“Saxony”).


Édimbourg

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Barcelone

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Séville

Borrowed from Spanish Sevilla, from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

der

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Lisbonne

English: Lisbon

→ Ottoman Turkish: لیزبون (Lizbon)

Turkish: Lizbon

→ Armenian: Լիզպոն (Lizpon)

From Arabic لِشْبُونَة (Lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, of uncertain origin.


Saint-Pétersbourg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia), and former capital (1732–1918).


Groningue

Groningen (a province of the Netherlands)


champenois

Champenois (Romance language or dialect)


Curaçao

From Dutch Curaçao, from Spanish Curaçao, from Portuguese Curação, probably as a transcription of a Lokono endonym.

Curaçao (an island and constituent country of the Netherlands).


roumain

fr-adj

roumain (feminine roumaine, masculine plural roumains, feminine plural roumaines)

roumaine (feminine)
roumains (masculine plural)
roumaines (feminine plural)

From Roumanie, based on analogy with romain (“Roman”), itself from Latin romānus; cf. Romanian român (older rumân). Compare also Italian rumeno, Spanish rumano, etc.


havrais

havrais (feminine havraise, masculine plural havrais, feminine plural havraises)

havraise (feminine)
havrais (masculine plural)
havraises (feminine plural)


alcazar

Borrowed from Spanish alcázar, from Arabic اَلْقَصْر (al-qaṣr, “the castle”), itself from Latin castrum (“castle”). Cognate with château.


Europe centrale

1839-1842 — Louis Agassiz, Histoire des poissons d'eau douce en Europe centrale

Du reste, ainsi que me le marquait la lettre, j’aurais grand plaisir et grand profit à visiter cette région de la Hongrie. C’est par excellence le pays magyar, dont le passé est riche de tant de faits héroïques, et qui, rebelle à tout mélange avec les races germaniques, occupe une place considérable dans l’histoire de l’Europe centrale.

1910, Jules Verne, chapter 1, in Le Secret de Wilhem Storitz:

Appuyer les protestants d’Allemagne, c’était réveiller les méfiances des catholiques français, enhardir nos propres protestants qui s’agitaient dans le Midi. Le Conseil décida de n’intervenir que pour conseiller la paix à l’Union évangélique allemande. Il craignait en somme d’être entraîné dans un grand conflit de l’Europe centrale et s’efforçait de l’empêcher par le moyen ordinaire des médiations diplomatiques.

1924, Jacques Bainville, chapter XI, in Histoire de France:

1933 — Claude Bourdet, Wörgl ou l’« argent fondant » in l’Illustration (4723:56-57)

À peu près inconnue en France, l’économie libre groupe en Suisse et dans les pays de l’Europe centrale de nombreux adhérents.


Lyonnais

fr-noun

Lyonnais m (plural Lyonnais, feminine Lyonnaise)


Marseillais

Marseillais m (plural Marseillais, feminine Marseillaise)

Marseillais (plural)
Marseillaise (feminine)


Toulousain

Toulousain m (plural Toulousains, feminine Toulousaine)

Toulousains (plural)
Toulousaine (feminine)


Niçois

Niçois m (plural Niçois, feminine Niçoise)


Nantais

Nantais m (plural Nantais, feminine Nantaise)

LL-Q150 (fra)-Skimel-place des Enfants-Nantais.wav


Strasbourgeois

Strasbourgeois m (plural Strasbourgeois, feminine Strasbourgeoise)

Strasbourgeois (plural)
Strasbourgeoise (feminine)


Bordelais

Bordelais m (plural Bordelais, feminine Bordelaise)

Bordelais (plural)
Bordelaise (feminine)

From Old Occitan Bordel (Occitan Bordèu, Catalan Bordeus) + French -ais, -ois.


Lillois

Lillois m (plural Lillois, feminine Lilloise)


Rennais

Rennais m (plural Rennais, feminine Rennaise)


Havrais

Havrais m (plural Havrais, feminine Havraise)


Manceau

Manceau m (plural Manceaux, feminine Mancelle)


Espagnol

Espagnol m (plural Espagnols, feminine Espagnole)

1 José Cadalso, Lettres marocaines
Les Espagnols écrivent la moitié de ce qu’ils imaginent ; les Français plus qu’ils ne pensent à cause de la qualité de leur style ; les Allemands disent tout, mais de telle façon que la moitié des gens ne les comprennent pas ; les Anglais écrivent pour eux seuls.
.


Danois

Danois m (plural Danois, feminine Danoise)


Irlandais

Irlandais m (plural Irlandais, feminine Irlandaise)

Irlandais (plural)
Irlandaise (feminine)

Irish person (resident or native of Ireland) (male or of unspecified gender)


Norvégien

Norvégien m (plural Norvégiens, feminine Norvégienne)

Norvégiens (plural)
Norvégienne (feminine)


Polonais

Polonais m (plural Polonais, feminine Polonaise)


Slovène

Slovène m or f by sense (plural Slovènes)


Turc

Le Mufti commande aux Turcs de baſtonner le Bourgeois, […]

1680, Molière, “Acte IV, Scene V”, in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme [The Middle-Class Aristocrat], page 89:

The mufti orders the Turks to batter the bourgeois, […]


Catalogne

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Hexagone

From the shape of France; which roughly corresponds to a hexagon (hexagone in French).

Qu’est-ce que l’Hexagone ? C’est la France. Mais le mot «France», entaché d’une affectivité suspecte, petite-bourgeoise, tend à basculer vers le folklore ; le langage contemporain lui préfère celui d’Hexagone qui, dans sa pureté fonctionnelle, semble mieux adapté à la définition d’une grande nation moderne.

1970, Robert Beauvais, L’hexagonal tel qu’on le parle:

What is the "Hexagon"? It is France. But the word "France", blemished by a suspect, petit bourgeois affectivity, tends to fall into folklore; the contemporary language prefers "Hexagon", which, in its functional purity, seems better adapted to the definition of a great modern nation.

Être né sous le signe de l’Hexagone / C’est vraiment pas une sinécure / Et le roi des cons sur son trône / Il est français, ça j’en suis sûr

1975, “Hexagone”, in Amoureux de Paname, performed by Renaud:

Being born under the sign of Hexagon / It's not so much a sinecure / And the king of fools upon his throne / He's French, of that I'm sure


hollandais

fr-adj

hollandais (feminine hollandaise, masculine plural hollandais, feminine plural hollandaises)

hollandaise (feminine)
hollandais (masculine plural)
hollandaises (feminine plural)


Néerlandais

fr-noun

Néerlandais m (plural Néerlandais, feminine Néerlandaise)

Néerlandais (plural)
Néerlandaise (feminine)


Hollandais

Hollandais m (plural Hollandais, feminine Hollandaise)

Hollandais (plural)
Hollandaise (feminine)


Albanais

Albanais m (plural Albanais, feminine Albanaise)


vénitien

fr-adj

vénitien (feminine vénitienne, masculine plural vénitiens, feminine plural vénitiennes)

vénitienne (feminine)
vénitiens (masculine plural)
vénitiennes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French Venicien, from Medieval Latin Venetianus, from Latin Venetia.


vénitienne

(textiles) type of silk fabric from Venice, in the 17th century


mer du Japon

LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-mer du Japon.wav


Bosphore

Bosphorus (A strait that passes through Istanbul)


romain

romain (feminine romaine, masculine plural romains, feminine plural romaines)

romaine (feminine)
romains (masculine plural)
romaines (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French, from Latin rōmānus.


Romain

fr-noun

Romain m (plural Romains, feminine Romaine)

Inherited from Middle French Romain, from Old French Romain, from Latin romānus.


Toulonnais

Toulonnais m (plural Toulonnais, feminine Toulonnaise)

Toulonnais (plural)
Toulonnaise (feminine)

resident or native of Toulon, city in the southeast of France


Portugais

Portugais m (plural Portugais, feminine Portugaise)

Portugais (plural)
Portugaise (feminine)


Bulgare

Bulgare m or f by sense (plural Bulgares)

Bulgarian (native of Bulgaria, of either gender)


azéri

fr-adj

azéri (feminine azérie, masculine plural azéris, feminine plural azéries)

azérie (feminine)
azéris (masculine plural)
azéries (feminine plural)


Finnois

fr-noun

Finnois m (plural Finnois, feminine Finnoise)

Finn (of Finnish ethnicity, not nationality)


galicien

fr-adj

galicien (feminine galicienne, masculine plural galiciens, feminine plural galiciennes)

galicienne (feminine)
galiciens (masculine plural)
galiciennes (feminine plural)

Galician (from either Galicia in Spain or Galicia in Eastern Europe)


Estonien

fr-noun

Estonien m (plural Estoniens, feminine Estonienne)

Estoniens (plural)
Estonienne (feminine)


Guyane

administrative region
administrative region

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Tchéquie

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Napolitain

Napolitain m (plural Napolitains, feminine Napolitaine)

Napolitains (plural)
Napolitaine (feminine)

Neapolitan (inhabitant or resident of Naples)


napolitain

fr-adj

napolitain (feminine napolitaine, masculine plural napolitains, feminine plural napolitaines)

napolitaine (feminine)
napolitains (masculine plural)
napolitaines (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Italian napoletano, from Latin neāpolītānus, from Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis, literally “new city”) (whence Naples).


Sardaigne

Probably borrowed from Italian Sardegna.

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


autrichien

fr-adj

autrichien (feminine autrichienne, masculine plural autrichiens, feminine plural autrichiennes)

autrichienne (feminine)
autrichiens (masculine plural)
autrichiennes (feminine plural)


ukrainien

ukrainien (feminine ukrainienne, masculine plural ukrainiens, feminine plural ukrainiennes)

ukrainienne (feminine)
ukrainiens (masculine plural)
ukrainiennes (feminine plural)


aragonais

aragonais (feminine aragonaise, masculine plural aragonais, feminine plural aragonaises)

aragonaise (feminine)
aragonais (masculine plural)
aragonaises (feminine plural)


Sicile

→ Persian: سیسیل (sisil)

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Sainte-Hélène

Saint Helena
Saint Helena#English:_Q34497

Saint Helena (An island of volcanic origin in the South Atlantic Ocean, and an overseas territory of the United Kingdom)


îles Vierges britanniques

fr-proper noun

îles Vierges britanniques f pl (plural only)

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands#English

British Virgin Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


sicilienne

(music) siciliana (Sicilian dance resembling the pastorale, set to a slow and graceful melody in 12-8 or 6-8 measure)


La Haye

→ Arabic: لَاهاي (lāhāy)

→ Persian: لاهه (lâhe)

From Middle French, from the noun haye (modern haie), a calque of Middle Dutch die Haghe (modern Dutch Den Haag), from haghe (“enclosure”).

The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


marseillais

fr-adj

marseillais (feminine marseillaise, masculine plural marseillais, feminine plural marseillaises)

marseillaise (feminine)
marseillais (masculine plural)
marseillaises (feminine plural)


normand

normand (feminine normande, masculine plural normands, feminine plural normandes)

normande (feminine)
normands (masculine plural)
normandes (feminine plural)


Marches

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


Caennais

fr-noun

Caennais m (plural Caennais, feminine Caennaise)


îles Canaries

Canary Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


République Française

République française
République française#French

Alternative form of République française


Angevin

Angevin m (plural Angevins, feminine Angevine)

From Medieval Latin Andegavinus, from Latin Andegavum, from Andecavi.


bourguignon

fr-adj

bourguignon (feminine bourguignonne, masculine plural bourguignons, feminine plural bourguignonnes)

bourguignonne (feminine)
bourguignons (masculine plural)
bourguignonnes (feminine plural)


Madrilène

fr-noun

Madrilène m or f by sense (plural Madrilènes)


Yougoslavie

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavija.

bor+

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Yugoslavia (a former country in Southeast Europe)


Tchécoslovaquie

Czechoslovakia (a former country in Central Europe)


Londonien

fr-noun

Londonien m (plural Londoniens, feminine Londonienne)

Londoniens (plural)
Londonienne (feminine)


kibitka

Borrowed from Russian киби́тка (kibítka).


flamand

fr-adj

flamand (feminine flamande, masculine plural flamands, feminine plural flamandes)

flamande (feminine)
flamands (masculine plural)
flamandes (feminine plural)

⇒ Armenian: ֆլամանդացի (flamandacʻi)

→ Azerbaijani: flamand

→ Bashkir: фламанд (flamand)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: флама́ндец (flamándec), флама́ндски (flamándski)

→ Dutch: flamand

⇒ Georgian: ფლამანდიელი (plamandieli)

→ Hungarian: flamand

→ Kazakh: фламанд (flamand)

→ Kyrgyz: фламанд (flamand)

→ Polish: Flamand

→ Romanian: flamand

флама́ндский

⇒ Russian: флама́ндец (flamándec), флама́ндский (flamándskij)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Фламанац, фламански

Cyrillic script: Фламанац, фламански

Latin script: Flamanac, flamanski

→ Tatar: фламанд (flamand)

→ Turkish: Flaman

флама́ндський

⇒ Ukrainian: флама́ндець (flamándecʹ), флама́ндський (flamándsʹkyj)

→ Uzbek: flamand

From Old French flamenc, from Middle Dutch vlaminc.


Francfort

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)


Arménien

fr-noun

Arménien m (plural Arméniens, feminine Arménienne)

Arméniens (plural)
Arménienne (feminine)


Autrichien

Autrichien m (plural Autrichiens, feminine Autrichienne)

Autrichiens (plural)
Autrichienne (feminine)

From Autriche (“Austria”) + -ien (“-ian”).

an Austrian inhabitant or descendant of the people of Austria


asturien

fr-adj

asturien (feminine asturienne, masculine plural asturiens, feminine plural asturiennes)

asturienne (feminine)
asturiens (masculine plural)
asturiennes (feminine plural)

(relational) of Asturia (all senses); Asturian


Suédois

fr-noun

Suédois m (plural Suédois, feminine Suédoise)


sibérien

fr-adj

sibérien (feminine sibérienne, masculine plural sibériens, feminine plural sibériennes)

sibérienne (feminine)
sibériens (masculine plural)
sibériennes (feminine plural)


Picard

English: Picard

a common French surname transferred from the place name, for a resident or native of Picardy


Béziers

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin Betarra, Baeterrae.

Béziers (a city in the Hérault department, France)


République d'Irlande

la République d’ Irlande (canonical feminine)

Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland#English

Republic of Ireland, Ireland (a country in Western Europe)


Martiniquais

fr-noun

Martiniquais m (plural Martiniquais, feminine Martiniquaise)

Martiniquais (plural)
Martiniquaise (feminine)


londonien

fr-adj

londonien (feminine londonienne, masculine plural londoniens, feminine plural londoniennes)

londonienne (feminine)
londoniens (masculine plural)
londoniennes (feminine plural)


Côte d'Azur

→ English: Côte d’Azur

English: Cote d'Azur

côte + de + azur Literally, “Coast of Azure”.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Côte d’Azur (a coast in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France, on the Mediterranean), the French Riviera


communautaire

From communauté + -aire. Compare Latin commūnitārius.

(European Union, pre-2009) that relates to the European Communities


Wallon

fr-noun

Wallon m (plural Wallons, feminine Wallonne)


Andalousie

Andalusia (an autonomous community of Spain)


silésien

fr-adj

silésien (feminine silésienne, masculine plural silésiens, feminine plural silésiennes)

silésienne (feminine)
silésiens (masculine plural)
silésiennes (feminine plural)


Tourangeau

fr-noun

Tourangeau m (plural Tourangeaux, feminine Tourangelle)

Tourangeaux (plural)
Tourangelle (feminine)

resident or native of the town of Tours, France. Tourangeau

resident or native of the former, historical province of Touraine, France

resident or native of the district of Touraine, part of the city of Gatineau, Quebec


Sublime Porte

→ English: Sublime Porte

Calque of Ottoman Turkish باب عالی (Babıali).

calque

the Sublime Porte, Ottoman sultanic palace, court, capital and empire


Antibois

fr-noun

Antibois m (plural Antibois, feminine Antiboise)


antibois

fr-adj

antibois (feminine antiboise, masculine plural antibois, feminine plural antiboises)

antiboise (feminine)
antibois (masculine plural)
antiboises (feminine plural)

(relational) of Antibes, a town in France


madrilène

(relational) of Madrid (capital of Spain); Madrilenian

(relational) of Madrid (province of Spain); Madrilenian


Abruzzes

(plural only) Abruzzo (an administrative region in central Italy)


aquitain

aquitain (feminine aquitaine, masculine plural aquitains, feminine plural aquitaines)

aquitaine (feminine)
aquitains (masculine plural)
aquitaines (feminine plural)

Holonym: gascon

Meronym: béarnais


Calabre

Holonym: Italie

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


toulousain

toulousain (feminine toulousaine, masculine plural toulousains, feminine plural toulousaines)

toulousaine (feminine)
toulousains (masculine plural)
toulousaines (feminine plural)

From Toulouse + -ain or from Occitan tolosan/tolosenc.


bohémien

bohémien (feminine bohémienne, masculine plural bohémiens, feminine plural bohémiennes)

bohémienne (feminine)
bohémiens (masculine plural)
bohémiennes (feminine plural)


Bohême

From Middle French Bohême, from Late Latin Boiohaemum. For the etymology, see Bohemia.

Bohemia (A historical region in the west of Czech Republic.)


Bruxellois

fr-noun

Bruxellois m (plural Bruxellois, feminine Bruxelloise)

Bruxellois (plural)
Bruxelloise (feminine)


Ligurie

From Latin Liguria, from Ancient Greek Λίγυς (Lígus).

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


Majorque

From Latin īnsula maior "larger island"; the intermediate form was Maiorica.


Géorgien

Géorgien m (plural Géorgiens, feminine Géorgienne)

Géorgiens (plural)
Géorgienne (feminine)

/ʒe.ɔʁ.ʒjɛ̃/

Georgian, resident or native of the Transcaucasian country Georgia

Georgian, resident or native of the US state of Georgia


Vénétie

Veneto (an administrative region of northern Italy, roughly corresponding to the ancient Venetia)


Brandebourg

Brandenburg (region of Germany, formerly a principality and presently a state in Germany)


Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie

Calque of German Nordrhein-Westfalen. From Rhénanie + du + Nord + Westphalie

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

North Rhine-Westphalia (a state of Germany)


Rhénanie-Palatinat

Calque of German Rheinland-Pfalz, from Rhénanie + Palatinat

Rhineland-Palatinate (a state of Germany)


Flamand

Flamand m (plural Flamands, feminine Flamande)

Fleming (resident or native of Flanders, Belgium)


bâlois

fr-adj

bâlois (feminine bâloise, masculine plural bâlois, feminine plural bâloises)

bâloise (feminine)
bâlois (masculine plural)
bâloises (feminine plural)


phocéen

phocéen (feminine phocéenne, masculine plural phocéens, feminine plural phocéennes)

phocéenne (feminine)
phocéens (masculine plural)
phocéennes (feminine plural)


lyonnais

lyonnais (feminine lyonnaise, masculine plural lyonnais, feminine plural lyonnaises)

lyonnaise (feminine)
lyonnais (masculine plural)
lyonnaises (feminine plural)


Ossétie

Ossetia, a Caucasian region, ancestral home of the Ossetic culture


îles Baléares

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Balearic Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


andalou

andalou (feminine andalouse, masculine plural andalous, feminine plural andalouses)

andalouse (feminine)
andalous (masculine plural)
andalouses (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Spanish andaluz. The singular in -ou is probably a backformation from the plural. It became common first in the equestrian sense, where the feminine is rare; this then caused the spelling inconsistency between masculine and feminine forms (cf. also absous, coi, esquimau, favori).


Maltais

fr-noun

Maltais m (plural Maltais, feminine Maltaise)


Pas de Calais

pas 'a pass, strait' (from Latin passus 'step, pace') + de 'of' + Calais

the English Channel or Strait of Dover, the North Sea strait between Dover (England) and Calais (France)


viennois

fr-adj

viennois (feminine viennoise, masculine plural viennois, feminine plural viennoises)

viennoise (feminine)
viennois (masculine plural)
viennoises (feminine plural)

of or relating to Vienna, Austria; Viennese


Viennois

fr-noun

Viennois m (plural Viennois, feminine Viennoise)

a native or inhabitant of Vienna, Austria; a Viennese


bordelais

fr-adj

bordelais (feminine bordelaise, masculine plural bordelais, feminine plural bordelaises)

bordelaise (feminine)
bordelais (masculine plural)
bordelaises (feminine plural)

From Old Occitan Bordel (Occitan Bordèu, Catalan Bordeus) + French -ais, -ois.


Ukrainien

fr-noun

Ukrainien m (plural Ukrainiens, feminine Ukrainienne)

Ukrainiens (plural)
Ukrainienne (feminine)

L’Ukraine a toujours aspiré à êtrelibre : mais étant entourée de la Moscovie, des états du grand-seigneur, et de la Pologne, il lui a fallu chercher un protecteur, et par conséquent un maître dans l’un de ces trois états. Elle se mit d’abord sous la protection de la Pologne qui la traita trop en sujette : elle se donna depuis au Moscovite, qui la gouverna en esclave autant qu’il le put. D’abord les Ukrainiens jouirent du privilège d’élire un prince sous le nom de général ; mais bientôt ils furent dépouillés de ce droit, et leur général fut nommé par la cour de Moscou.

Ukrainian (resident or native of Ukraine)


Galicie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a tribe in the region”).

Galicia (area of Central/Eastern Europe)


Galice

From Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a Celtic tribe in the region”).

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


varsovien

fr-adj

varsovien (feminine varsovienne, masculine plural varsoviens, feminine plural varsoviennes)

varsovienne (feminine)
varsoviens (masculine plural)
varsoviennes (feminine plural)


Varsovien

fr-noun

Varsovien m (plural Varsoviens, feminine Varsovienne)

Varsoviens (plural)
Varsovienne (feminine)

Varsovian (resident or native of Warsaw)


athénien

fr-adj

athénien (feminine athénienne, masculine plural athéniens, feminine plural athéniennes)

athénienne (feminine)
athéniens (masculine plural)
athéniennes (feminine plural)


Athénien

fr-noun

Athénien m (plural Athéniens, feminine Athénienne)

Athéniens (plural)
Athénienne (feminine)


Finlandais

Finlandais m (plural Finlandais, feminine Finlandaise)

Finlandais (plural)
Finlandaise (feminine)


République française

la République française (canonical feminine)

French Republic (the official name of France, a country in Western Europe)


zurichois

fr-adj

zurichois (feminine zurichoise, masculine plural zurichois, feminine plural zurichoises)

zurichoise (feminine)
zurichois (masculine plural)
zurichoises (feminine plural)


Zurichois

fr-noun

Zurichois m (plural Zurichois, feminine Zurichoise)

Zurichois (plural)
Zurichoise (feminine)


Arcadien

Arcadien m (plural Arcadiens, feminine Arcadienne)

Arcadiens (plural)
Arcadienne (feminine)

Arcadian (resident or native of modern Arcadia in Greece)


bourguignonne

a part of the fontange, a particular hair-do (ribbons, wire and lace knotted in the hair) invented by the Duchess of Fontange (one of King Louis XIV’s mistresses in 1679-1680)


Bavarois

Bavarois m (plural Bavarois, feminine Bavaroise)

→ English: bavaroy

Bavarian (resident or native of Bavaria; male or of unspecified gender)


Bourguignon

Bourguignon m (plural Bourguignons, feminine Bourguignonne)

Bourguignons (plural)
Bourguignonne (feminine)


Piémontais

Piémontais m (plural Piémontais, feminine Piémontaise)

Piémontais (plural)
Piémontaise (feminine)


piémontais

fr-adj

piémontais (feminine piémontaise, masculine plural piémontais, feminine plural piémontaises)

piémontaise (feminine)
piémontais (masculine plural)
piémontaises (feminine plural)


barcelonais

barcelonais (feminine barcelonaise, masculine plural barcelonais, feminine plural barcelonaises)

barcelonaise (feminine)
barcelonais (masculine plural)
barcelonaises (feminine plural)


nîmois

nîmois (feminine nîmoise, masculine plural nîmois, feminine plural nîmoises)

nîmoise (feminine)
nîmois (masculine plural)
nîmoises (feminine plural)


Gascogne

→ Swedish: Gascogne

From Middle French and Old French Gascoigne, from Medieval Latin Gasconia, from Vulgar Latin Wasconia, from Latin Vasconia, from Vascones + -ia, from Ancient Greek Οὐασκώνων (Ouaskṓnōn), as used by Strabo in his 1st-century Geographica, Book III. Variously derived from αἴξ (aíx, “goat”) (literally “he-goat people”) or a variant of Ausci (from which Aquitan, Occitan, and perhaps related to Euskara). Cognate to Basque. Compare Gascon.
For sound changes: /v/ → /w/ occurred in the change from Latin to Proto-Romance, while /w/ → /g/ common in (non-Iberian) Romance languages, notably French; compare warranty and guarantee, William and Guillaume. By contrast, /v/ developed into /b/ and /β̞/ in Spanish and Gascon, under influence of Basque, hence the divergence.


Berlinois

fr-noun

Berlinois m (plural Berlinois, feminine Berlinoise)

Berlinois (plural)
Berlinoise (feminine)

Berliner (a resident or native of Berlin)


berlinois

fr-adj

berlinois (feminine berlinoise, masculine plural berlinois, feminine plural berlinoises)

berlinoise (feminine)
berlinois (masculine plural)
berlinoises (feminine plural)


turinois

turinois (feminine turinoise, masculine plural turinois, feminine plural turinoises)

turinoise (feminine)
turinois (masculine plural)
turinoises (feminine plural)


arcadien

arcadien (feminine arcadienne, masculine plural arcadiens, feminine plural arcadiennes)

arcadienne (feminine)
arcadiens (masculine plural)
arcadiennes (feminine plural)


amiénois

amiénois (feminine amiénoise, masculine plural amiénois, feminine plural amiénoises)

amiénoise (feminine)
amiénois (masculine plural)
amiénoises (feminine plural)


Amiénois

fr-noun

Amiénois m (plural Amiénois, feminine Amiénoise)


lombard

fr-adj

lombard (feminine lombarde, masculine plural lombards, feminine plural lombardes)

lombarde (feminine)
lombards (masculine plural)
lombardes (feminine plural)


mer Égée

Haitian Creole: lanmè Eje

desc

→ Persian: دریای اژه (daryâ-ye eže) (partial calque)

From Latin Aegaeum mare, itself a partial calque of Ancient Greek Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος (Aigaîon pélagos).

der

Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος


picard

Inherited from Middle French picard, from Old French picart, pikart, pickart. By surface analysis, pic + -ard. Compare English pike.


fr-proper noun

le Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord

le Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord m

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland#English

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the official name of the United Kingdom, a country in Western Europe)

fr:Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord


livre sterling

fr-noun

livre sterling f (plural livres sterling)


nantais

fr-adj

nantais (feminine nantaise, masculine plural nantais, feminine plural nantaises)

nantaise (feminine)
nantais (masculine plural)
nantaises (feminine plural)


Aragonais

fr-noun

Aragonais m (plural Aragonais, feminine Aragonaise)

Aragonais (plural)
Aragonaise (feminine)


Croate

→ Persian: کروات (korovât)


Guyane française

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Azéri

Azéri m (plural Azéris, feminine Azérie)


sovkhoze

From Russian совхо́з (sovxóz), abbreviation of советское хозяйство (sovetskoje xozjajstvo, “soviet farm”).

À la chute de l'Union soviétique en 1990, le pays comptait 25 500 fermes : 45 % de sovkhozes et 55 % de kolkhozes.


Roumain

Roumain m (plural Roumains, feminine Roumaine)

→ Armenian: ռումեն (ṙumen)

→ Turkish: Rumen


Lithuanie

Alternative form of Lituanie: Lithuania (a country in Eastern Europe)


Lituanien

Lituanien m (plural Lituaniens, feminine Lituanienne)

Lituaniens (plural)
Lituanienne (feminine)


Sarde

Sardinian (resident or native of Sardinia)


Slovaque

Slovaque m or f by sense (plural Slovaques)


Vénitien

Vénitien m (plural Vénitiens, feminine Vénitienne)

Vénitiens (plural)
Vénitienne (feminine)


Normand

Normand m (plural Normands, feminine Normande)

Inherited from Middle French and Old French Normant.


hambourgeois

fr-adj

hambourgeois (feminine hambourgeoise, masculine plural hambourgeois, feminine plural hambourgeoises)

hambourgeoise (feminine)
hambourgeois (masculine plural)
hambourgeoises (feminine plural)


Hambourgeois

fr-noun

Hambourgeois m (plural Hambourgeois, feminine Hambourgeoise)

Hambourgeois (plural)
Hambourgeoise (feminine)

Hamburger (resident or native of the German city of Hamburg)


Francfortois

Francfortois m (plural Francfortois, feminine Francfortoise)

Francfortois (plural)
Francfortoise (feminine)

Frankfurter (resident or native of Frankfurt)


francfortois

fr-adj

francfortois (feminine francfortoise, masculine plural francfortois, feminine plural francfortoises)

francfortoise (feminine)
francfortois (masculine plural)
francfortoises (feminine plural)


finistérien

finistérien (feminine finistérienne, masculine plural finistériens, feminine plural finistériennes)

finistérienne (feminine)
finistériens (masculine plural)
finistériennes (feminine plural)

(relational) of Finistère (the westernmost department in Brittany)


lillois

lillois (feminine lilloise, masculine plural lillois, feminine plural lilloises)

lilloise (feminine)
lillois (masculine plural)
lilloises (feminine plural)


toulonnais

toulonnais (feminine toulonnaise, masculine plural toulonnais, feminine plural toulonnaises)

toulonnaise (feminine)
toulonnais (masculine plural)
toulonnaises (feminine plural)


grenoblois

grenoblois (feminine grenobloise, masculine plural grenoblois, feminine plural grenobloises)

grenobloise (feminine)
grenoblois (masculine plural)
grenobloises (feminine plural)


Grenoblois

fr-noun

Grenoblois m (plural Grenoblois, feminine Grenobloise)

Grenoblois (plural)
Grenobloise (feminine)


Rouennais

Rouennais m (plural Rouennais, feminine Rouennaise)

Rouennais (plural)
Rouennaise (feminine)


rouennais

fr-adj

rouennais (feminine rouennaise, masculine plural rouennais, feminine plural rouennaises)

rouennaise (feminine)
rouennais (masculine plural)
rouennaises (feminine plural)


Nancéien

fr-noun

Nancéien m (plural Nancéiens, feminine Nancéienne)

Nancéiens (plural)
Nancéienne (feminine)


nancéien

fr-adj

nancéien (feminine nancéienne, masculine plural nancéiens, feminine plural nancéiennes)

nancéienne (feminine)
nancéiens (masculine plural)
nancéiennes (feminine plural)


auvergnat

a dialect of the Occitan language, spoken in Auvergne


Auvergnat

fr-noun

Auvergnat m (plural Auvergnats, feminine Auvergnate)

Auvergnats (plural)
Auvergnate (feminine)

Inhabitant or native of Auvergne; Auvergnese


Dijonnais

Dijonnais m (plural Dijonnais, feminine Dijonnaise)

Dijonnais (plural)
Dijonnaise (feminine)


dijonnais

fr-adj

dijonnais (feminine dijonnaise, masculine plural dijonnais, feminine plural dijonnaises)

dijonnaise (feminine)
dijonnais (masculine plural)
dijonnaises (feminine plural)


Nîmois

fr-noun

Nîmois m (plural Nîmois, feminine Nîmoise)


Brestois

Brestois m (plural Brestois, feminine Brestoise)


brestois

fr-adj

brestois (feminine brestoise, masculine plural brestois, feminine plural brestoises)

brestoise (feminine)
brestois (masculine plural)
brestoises (feminine plural)


Clermontois

fr-noun

Clermontois m (plural Clermontois, feminine Clermontoise)

Clermontois (plural)
Clermontoise (feminine)


clermontois

fr-adj

clermontois (feminine clermontoise, masculine plural clermontois, feminine plural clermontoises)

clermontoise (feminine)
clermontois (masculine plural)
clermontoises (feminine plural)


tourangeau

tourangeau (feminine tourangelle, masculine plural tourangeaux, feminine plural tourangelles)

tourangelle (feminine)
tourangeaux (masculine plural)
tourangelles (feminine plural)


Besantin

fr-noun

Besantin m (plural Besantins, feminine Besantine)


besantin

fr-adj

besantin (feminine besantine, masculine plural besantins, feminine plural besantines)

besantine (feminine)
besantins (masculine plural)
besantines (feminine plural)


Perpignanais

fr-noun

Perpignanais m (plural Perpignanais, feminine Perpignanaise)

Perpignanais (plural)
Perpignanaise (feminine)


perpignanais

fr-adj

perpignanais (feminine perpignanaise, masculine plural perpignanais, feminine plural perpignanaises)

perpignanaise (feminine)
perpignanais (masculine plural)
perpignanaises (feminine plural)


Orléanais

fr-noun

Orléanais m (plural Orléanais, feminine Orléanaise)

Orléanais (plural)
Orléanaise (feminine)

From Old French Orliens (“an Orléanais”), from Latin Aurēliānus (“a member of the gens Aurelia”), with the suffix -ais (Old French -eis, from Latin -ensis). Cf. Latin Aurelianensis

der

a resident or native of the town of Orleans in France


orléanais

fr-adj

orléanais (feminine orléanaise, masculine plural orléanais, feminine plural orléanaises)

orléanaise (feminine)
orléanais (masculine plural)
orléanaises (feminine plural)


Mulhousien

fr-noun

Mulhousien m (plural Mulhousiens, feminine Mulhousienne)

Mulhousiens (plural)
Mulhousienne (feminine)


mulhousien

fr-adj

mulhousien (feminine mulhousienne, masculine plural mulhousiens, feminine plural mulhousiennes)

mulhousienne (feminine)
mulhousiens (masculine plural)
mulhousiennes (feminine plural)


caennais

caennais (feminine caennaise, masculine plural caennais, feminine plural caennaises)

caennaise (feminine)
caennais (masculine plural)
caennaises (feminine plural)


Avignonnais

fr-noun

Avignonnais m (plural Avignonnais, feminine Avignonnaise)

Avignonnais (plural)
Avignonnaise (feminine)


avignonnais

fr-adj

avignonnais (feminine avignonnaise, masculine plural avignonnais, feminine plural avignonnaises)

avignonnaise (feminine)
avignonnais (masculine plural)
avignonnaises (feminine plural)


Calaisien

fr-noun

Calaisien m (plural Calaisiens, feminine Calaisienne)

Calaisiens (plural)
Calaisienne (feminine)


calaisien

calaisien m (plural calaisiens, feminine calaisienne)

calaisiens (plural)
calaisienne (feminine)


Finistérien

Finistérien m (plural Finistérien, feminine Finistérienne)

Finistérien (plural)
Finistérienne (feminine)


gascon

fr-adj

gascon (feminine gasconne, masculine plural gascons, feminine plural gasconnes)

gasconne (feminine)
gascons (masculine plural)
gasconnes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French gascon, from Old French gascon, Guascuinz, gascoign, gascun, from Latin vascōnem, from Proto-Basque or Aquitanian euskara. The initial -g- is likely due to influence from Germanic (Visigothic) pronunciation. Doublet of basque.


Milanais

fr-noun

Milanais m (plural Milanais, feminine Milanaise)


Munichois

Munichois m (plural Munichois, feminine Munichoise)

Munichois (plural)
Munichoise (feminine)


munichois

fr-adj

munichois (feminine munichoise, masculine plural munichois, feminine plural munichoises)

munichoise (feminine)
munichois (masculine plural)
munichoises (feminine plural)


génois

génois (feminine génoise, masculine plural génois, feminine plural génoises)

génoise (feminine)
génois (masculine plural)
génoises (feminine plural)


Génois

fr-noun

Génois m (plural Génois, feminine Génoise)


Morave

Moravian (resident or native of Moravia)


Dunkerquois

Dunkerquois m (plural Dunkerquois, feminine Dunkerquoise)

Dunkerquois (plural)
Dunkerquoise (feminine)


dunkerquois

fr-adj

dunkerquois (feminine dunkerquoise, masculine plural dunkerquois, feminine plural dunkerquoises)

dunkerquoise (feminine)
dunkerquois (masculine plural)
dunkerquoises (feminine plural)


Toscan

fr-noun

Toscan m (plural Toscans, feminine Toscane)


toscan

fr-adj

toscan (feminine toscane, masculine plural toscans, feminine plural toscanes)

toscane (feminine)
toscans (masculine plural)
toscanes (feminine plural)


palermitain

palermitain (feminine palermitaine, masculine plural palermitains, feminine plural palermitaines)

palermitaine (feminine)
palermitains (masculine plural)
palermitaines (feminine plural)


Palermitain

fr-noun

Palermitain m (plural Palermitains, feminine Palermitaine)

Palermitains (plural)
Palermitaine (feminine)


Turinois

Turinois m (plural Turinois, feminine Turinoise)


Florentin

Florentin m (plural Florentins, feminine Florentine)

Florentins (plural)
Florentine (feminine)

Florentine; resident or native of Florence


florentin

fr-adj

florentin (feminine florentine, masculine plural florentins, feminine plural florentines)

florentine (feminine)
florentins (masculine plural)
florentines (feminine plural)

(relational) of Florence, Italy; Florentine


Véronais

fr-noun

Véronais m (plural Véronais, feminine Véronaise)

Veronese (a resident or native of Verona)


véronais

fr-adj

véronais (feminine véronaise, masculine plural véronais, feminine plural véronaises)

véronaise (feminine)
véronais (masculine plural)
véronaises (feminine plural)


Campanie

Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Pouilles

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Basilicate

Basilicata (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Ombrie

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Ombrien

fr-noun

Ombrien m (plural Ombriens, feminine Ombrienne)


ombrien

fr-adj

ombrien (feminine ombrienne, masculine plural ombriens, feminine plural ombriennes)

ombrienne (feminine)
ombriens (masculine plural)
ombriennes (feminine plural)


Allemagne de l'Est

Allemagne de l’ Est (canonical feminine)

East Germany (a former country in Central Europe)


mer Adriatique

Adriatic Sea (sea that stretches from the Ionian Sea to the Gulf of Venice)


Occitanie

→ English: Occitanie

Occitania (a historical region in Western Europe)

Occitanie (an administrative region in southern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées)


péninsule ibérique

La péninsule ibérique est entourée par la mer Méditerranée au sud et au sud-est, l’océan Atlantique au sud-ouest, à l’ouest et au nord-ouest, et les Pyrénées au nord-est qui séparent l’Espagne de la France.

The Iberian Peninsula is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and south-east, the Atlantic Ocean to the south-west, west and north-west, and the Pyrenees to the north-east, which separate Spain from France.


cannois

cannois (feminine cannoise, masculine plural cannois, feminine plural cannoises)

cannoise (feminine)
cannois (masculine plural)
cannoises (feminine plural)


Cannois

fr-noun

Cannois m (plural Cannois, feminine Cannoise)


eurodéputé

eurodéputé m (plural eurodéputés, feminine eurodéputée)

eurodéputés (plural)
eurodéputée (feminine)


Artésien

Artésien m (plural Artésiens, feminine Artésienne)

Artésiens (plural)
Artésienne (feminine)


Lorrain

Lorrain m (plural Lorrains, feminine Lorraine)

resident or native of Lorraine, Lorrainer, Lorrainian


lorrain

fr-adj

lorrain (feminine lorraine, masculine plural lorrains, feminine plural lorraines)

lorraine (feminine)
lorrains (masculine plural)
lorraines (feminine plural)


République fédérale d'Allemagne

République fédérale d’ Allemagne (canonical feminine)

Federal Republic of Germany
Federal Republic of Germany#English

Federal Republic of Germany, Germany (a country in Central Europe)

Federal Republic of Germany, West Germany (a former country in Central Europe, existing from 1949 to 1990)


triestin

triestin (feminine triestine, masculine plural triestins, feminine plural triestines)

triestine (feminine)
triestins (masculine plural)
triestines (feminine plural)


manceau

manceau (feminine mancelle, masculine plural manceaux, feminine plural mancelles)

mancelle (feminine)
manceaux (masculine plural)
mancelles (feminine plural)


salzbourgeois

salzbourgeois (feminine salzbourgeoise, masculine plural salzbourgeois, feminine plural salzbourgeoises)

salzbourgeoise (feminine)
salzbourgeois (masculine plural)
salzbourgeoises (feminine plural)


anversois

anversois (feminine anversoise, masculine plural anversois, feminine plural anversoises)

anversoise (feminine)
anversois (masculine plural)
anversoises (feminine plural)


Anversois

fr-noun

Anversois m (plural Anversois, feminine Anversoise)

Anversois (plural)
Anversoise (feminine)

resident or native of Antwerp; Antwerpian


Gandois

Gandois m (plural Gandois, feminine Gandoise)

From Gand + -ois.
THIS IS NOT CORRECT.
IT HAS TO BE gantois, with a small letter and a t


gandois

fr-adj

gandois (feminine gandoise, masculine plural gandois, feminine plural gandoises)

gandoise (feminine)
gandois (masculine plural)
gandoises (feminine plural)


genevois

genevois (feminine genevoise, masculine plural genevois, feminine plural genevoises)

genevoise (feminine)
genevois (masculine plural)
genevoises (feminine plural)


Asturies

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


ligurien

ligurien (feminine ligurienne, masculine plural liguriens, feminine plural liguriennes)

ligurienne (feminine)
liguriens (masculine plural)
liguriennes (feminine plural)


Crète

→ Lao: ກະແລັດ (ka læt)

→ Persian: کرت (keret)


Crétois

fr-noun

Crétois m (plural Crétois, feminine Crétoise)


Thessalonicien

Thessalonicien m (plural Thessaloniciens, feminine Thessalonicienne)

Thessaloniciens (plural)
Thessalonicienne (feminine)


thessalonicien

fr-adj

thessalonicien (feminine thessalonicienne, masculine plural thessaloniciens, feminine plural thessaloniciennes)

thessalonicienne (feminine)
thessaloniciens (masculine plural)
thessaloniciennes (feminine plural)


Sorbonne

English: Sorbonne

From Sorbon + -e. Feminine equivalent of Sorbon. From Robert de Sorbon, founder of The Sorbonne.


Asturien

fr-noun

Asturien m (plural Asturiens, feminine Asturienne)

Asturiens (plural)
Asturienne (feminine)


brabançon

Parles-tu le brabançon?


chartrain

fr-adj

chartrain (feminine chartraine, masculine plural chartrains, feminine plural chartraines)

chartraine (feminine)
chartrains (masculine plural)
chartraines (feminine plural)


cordouan

cordouan (feminine cordouane, masculine plural cordouans, feminine plural cordouanes)

cordouane (feminine)
cordouans (masculine plural)
cordouanes (feminine plural)


artésien

artésien (feminine artésienne, masculine plural artésiens, feminine plural artésiennes)

artésienne (feminine)
artésiens (masculine plural)
artésiennes (feminine plural)


îles Malouines

desc

→ Spanish: islas Malvinas (partial calque)

From malouin (“of Saint-Malo”), so named by explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1764 because they were occupied by sailors from the French port of Saint-Malo.

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English:_Q9648

Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic)


Minorque

From Late Latin Minorca, from Latin balearis minor. Compare Majorque.


palois

fr-adj

palois (feminine paloise, masculine plural palois, feminine plural paloises)

paloise (feminine)
palois (masculine plural)
paloises (feminine plural)


Palois

fr-noun

Palois m (plural Palois, feminine Paloise)


corinthien

fr-adj

corinthien (feminine corinthienne, masculine plural corinthiens, feminine plural corinthiennes)

corinthienne (feminine)
corinthiens (masculine plural)
corinthiennes (feminine plural)

Corinthian (of or relating to Corinth in Greece)


Beaujolais

fr-noun

Beaujolais m (plural Beaujolais, feminine Beaujolaise)

Beaujolais (plural)
Beaujolaise (feminine)


dieppois

fr-adj

dieppois (feminine dieppoise, masculine plural dieppois, feminine plural dieppoises)

dieppoise (feminine)
dieppois (masculine plural)
dieppoises (feminine plural)


Dieppois

fr-noun

Dieppois m (plural Dieppois, feminine Dieppoise)


narbonnais

fr-adj

narbonnais (feminine narbonnaise, masculine plural narbonnais, feminine plural narbonnaises)

narbonnaise (feminine)
narbonnais (masculine plural)
narbonnaises (feminine plural)


Narbonnais

fr-noun

Narbonnais m (plural Narbonnais, feminine Narbonnaise)

Narbonnais (plural)
Narbonnaise (feminine)


Stambouliote

Stambouliote m or f by sense (plural Stambouliotes)

resident or native of Istanbul see Istanbulite


strasbourgeois

fr-adj

strasbourgeois (feminine strasbourgeoise, masculine plural strasbourgeois, feminine plural strasbourgeoises)

strasbourgeoise (feminine)
strasbourgeois (masculine plural)
strasbourgeoises (feminine plural)


sévillan

sévillan (feminine sévillane, masculine plural sévillans, feminine plural sévillanes)

sévillane (feminine)
sévillans (masculine plural)
sévillanes (feminine plural)


Cordouan

fr-noun

Cordouan m (plural Cordouans, feminine Cordouanne)

Cordouans (plural)
Cordouanne (feminine)


Andalou

Andalou m (plural Andalous, feminine Andalouse)


Royaume de Belgique

LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Royaume de Belgique.wav

Kingdom of Belgium
Kingdom of Belgium#English

Kingdom of Belgium (the official name of Belgium, a country in Western Europe)


Sibérien

Sibérien m (plural Sibériens, feminine Sibérienne)

Sibériens (plural)
Sibérienne (feminine)


Pisan

Pisan m (plural Pisans, feminine Pisane)


Germanie

(rare) Germany (a country in Central Europe)


Bâlois

Bâlois m (plural Bâlois, feminine Bâloise)


grenadin

fr-adj

grenadin (feminine grenadinne, masculine plural grenadins, feminine plural grenadinnes)

grenadinne (feminine)
grenadins (masculine plural)
grenadinnes (feminine plural)

Granadan (of, from or relating to Granada)


cracovien

cracovien (feminine cracovienne, masculine plural cracoviens, feminine plural cracoviennes)

cracovienne (feminine)
cracoviens (masculine plural)
cracoviennes (feminine plural)

From Cracovie (“Cracow”) + -ien (“-ian”).


Cracovien

fr-noun

Cracovien m (plural Cracoviens, feminine Cracovienne)

Cracoviens (plural)
Cracovienne (feminine)

Cracovian (resident or native of Cracow)


moules-frites

a dish consisting of mussels and French fries


ispravnik

Borrowed from Russian испра́вник (isprávnik). Possibly through Romanian ispravnic.


Bosnie-et-Herzégovine

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


tourquennois

fr-adj

tourquennois (feminine tourquennoise, masculine plural tourquennois, feminine plural tourquennoises)

tourquennoise (feminine)
tourquennois (masculine plural)
tourquennoises (feminine plural)


biarrot

biarrot (feminine biarrote, masculine plural biarrots, feminine plural biarrotes)

biarrote (feminine)
biarrots (masculine plural)
biarrotes (feminine plural)


Biarrot

fr-noun

Biarrot m (plural Biarrots, feminine Biarrote)


pragois

fr-adj

pragois (feminine pragoise, masculine plural pragois, feminine plural pragoises)

pragoise (feminine)
pragois (masculine plural)
pragoises (feminine plural)


valenciennois

valenciennois (feminine valenciennoise, masculine plural valenciennois, feminine plural valenciennoises)

valenciennoise (feminine)
valenciennois (masculine plural)
valenciennoises (feminine plural)


cherbourgeois

cherbourgeois (feminine cherbourgeoise, masculine plural cherbourgeois, feminine plural cherbourgeoises)

cherbourgeoise (feminine)
cherbourgeois (masculine plural)
cherbourgeoises (feminine plural)


montpelliérain

the form of Occitan spoken in Montpellier


Galicien

fr-noun

Galicien m (plural Galiciens, feminine Galicienne)

Galiciens (plural)
Galicienne (feminine)

Galician (resident or native of either Galicia in Spain or Galicia in Eastern Europe)


Bellefontaine

English: Bellefontaine

From belle (“beautiful”) + fontaine (“fountain”).

af

Bellefontaine (toponym of numerous places)


Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

administrative region
administrative region

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (an administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes)


Hauts-de-France

Hauts-de-France (an administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy)


carcassonnais

fr-adj

carcassonnais (feminine carcassonnaise, masculine plural carcassonnais, feminine plural carcassonnaises)

carcassonnaise (feminine)
carcassonnais (masculine plural)
carcassonnaises (feminine plural)


Frison

fr-noun

Frison m (plural Frisons, feminine Frisonne)

Frisian (resident or native of Friesland)


Monte-Carlo

Monte Carlo (a part of Monaco famous for its casinos)


Grand Est

/ɡʁɑ̃.t‿ɛst/

Grand Est (an administrative region in northeastern France, created in 2016 by the fusion of Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne)


Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (an administrative region in eastern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté)


Frise

From Latin Frisia (“territory of the Frisians”).

uder

Friesland (a province of the Netherlands)


Frioul-Vénétie julienne

Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia#English:_Q1250

Friuli-Venezia Giulia (an autonomous region in northern Italy)


île de Man

Isle of Man (an island and Crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea)


Banque centrale européenne

European Central Bank
European Central Bank


garbure

→ English: garbure


Vallée d'Aoste

Aosta Valley
Aosta Valley#English:_Q1222

Aosta Valley (an autonomous region of northwestern Italy, with a significant fraction of the population speaking Franco-Provençal)


Panier

From panier (“basket”), after the street name (rue du Panier), itself from the Logis du Panier (attested 1683), an inn located there.

Holonym: Marseille

A neighborhood of Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.


Genevois

fr-noun

Genevois m (plural Genevois, feminine Genevoise)


Centre-Val de Loire

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-Centre-Val de Loire.wav

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English:_Q13947

Centre-Val de Loire (an administrative region in central France, previously named Centre)


Nouvelle-Aquitaine

Nouvelle-Aquitaine (an administrative region in southwestern France, established in 2016 by the merger of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes)


cotriade

From Breton kaoteriad, which comes from kaoter (“pot”) + -ad.


Carcassonnais

Carcassonnais m (plural Carcassonnais, feminine Carcassonnaise)

Carcassonnais (plural)
Carcassonnaise (feminine)

resident or native of the city of Carcassonne


Champenois

Champenois m (plural Champenois, feminine Champenoise)

Champenois (plural)
Champenoise (feminine)

resident or native of Champagne (male or of unspecified gender)


Allemagne de l'Ouest

Allemagne de l’ Ouest (canonical feminine)

West Germany (a former country in Central Europe)


campanien

fr-adj

campanien (feminine campanienne, masculine plural campaniens, feminine plural campaniennes)

campanienne (feminine)
campaniens (masculine plural)
campaniennes (feminine plural)


mer Méditerranée

la mer Méditerranée (canonical feminine)


monts Oural

Ural Mountains (mountain range in Russia)


kibick

Likely borrowed from Russian киби́тка (kibítka).


Couserans

Holonyms: Ariège, Gascogne

Meronyms: Aleu, Alos, Antras, Argein, Arrien-en-Bethmale, Aucazein, Audressein, Aulus-les-Bains, Balaguères, Biert, Boussenac, Castillon-en-Couserans, Cescau, Couflens, Engomer, Encourtiech, Ercé, Erp, Eycheil, Lacourt, Le Port, Lorp-Sentaraille, Massat, Montjoie-en-Couserans, Oust, Rivèrenert, Saint-Girons, Saint-Lizier, Salsein, Seix, Sentein, Sentenac-d’Oust, Soueix-Rogalle, Soulan

Couserans (a historical region of Ariège, Occitanie, France)


Mécanisme européen de stabilité

European Stability Mechanism
European Stability Mechanism


Cythère

Translingual: Cythere

Borrowed from Latin Cythēra, from Ancient Greek Κύθηρα (Kúthēra).


République d'Artsakh

République d’ Artsakh (canonical feminine)

Synonym of Haut-Karabakh (“Republic of Artsakh”)


Paris de l'Orient

le Paris de l’ Orient (canonical feminine masculine)

(historical) Synonym of Shanghaï (“Paris of the East”)


Piémont

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


kremlinologue

fr-noun

kremlinologue m or f by sense (plural kremlinologues)


golfe de Gascogne

Holonym: océan Atlantique


Quercy

Holonym: Occitanie


Urau

English: Urau

Holonym: Comminges

Meronyms: Noustens, Urale

Urau (a village in the Haute-Garonne department, France)


Comminges

English: Comminges

Holonym: Gascogne

Meronyms: Arbas, Aspet, Belbèze-en-Comminges, Figarol, Lavelanet-de-Comminges, Mane, Martres-Tolosane, Mazères-sur-Salat, Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, Saleich, Salies-du-Salat, Soueich, Urau

Comminges (a former region in France, Occitanie)


Saleich

English: Saleich

Borrowed from Occitan Saleish. Attested on the Cassini map (1740s).

Holonym: Comminges

Meronyms: Artihaguère, Chac, Gérus, Gouttille, Montégut, Pyrène, Saleich Vieille, Tachouères

Saleich (a village in the Haute-Garonne department, France)


Couflens

English: Couflens

Borrowed from Occitan Coflens, from Latin cōnfluentia.

Holonym: Couserans

Couflens (a village in the Ariège department, France)


Oust

English: Oust

Holonym: Couserans

Oust (a village in the Ariège department, France)


Longages

English: Longages

Holonyms: Haute-Garonne, Languedoc

Longages (a village in the Haute-Garonne department, France)


parisianisme

Inherited from Middle French parisianisme. By surface analysis, parisien + -isme.

inh+

(linguistics) characteristically Parisian turn of phrase, expression, etc. [since 1583]

(generally derogatory) stereotypically Parisian attitudes and mores; in particular, Parisian snobbery [since 1840]


Lusitanien

fr-noun

Lusitanien m (plural Lusitaniens, feminine Lusitanienne)

Lusitaniens (plural)
Lusitanienne (feminine)


Macronie

2021 June 8, “VIDEO. Emmanuel Macron giflé par un homme qui a crié "A bas la Macronie !", deux interpellations”, in La Dépêche:

Emmanuel Macron slapped by a man shouting "Down with Macronland!", two arrests

France under the presidency of Emmanuel Macron


Auberjonois

English: Auberjonois

Originating from Switzerland; extremely rare in France.

a Swiss surname, equivalent to English Auberjonois


outre-Rhin

Literally, “across the Rhine (from France and Switzerland)”.

lit

(journalism, France, Switzerland) in Germany


outre-Quiévrain

Literally, “on the other side of Quiévrain”.
Historically, the Quiévrain station was the border crossing on the Paris-Brussels railway, from 1846 until 1988.

(uncommon, journalism, France) in Belgium


Nord-Caucasien

fr-noun

Nord-Caucasien m or f by sense (plural Nord-Caucasiens)

North Caucasian (resident or native of North Caucasus)


bayonnais

fr-adj

bayonnais (feminine bayonnaise, masculine plural bayonnais, feminine plural bayonnaises)

bayonnaise (feminine)
bayonnais (masculine plural)
bayonnaises (feminine plural)


Grand Remplacement

le Grand Remplacement (canonical masculine)

/ɡʁɑ̃ ʁɑ̃.plas.mɑ̃/

Coined by French novelist, conspiracy theorist and white nationalist writer Renaud Camus in 2010.

coin

Mais pour les théoriciens du « grand remplacement », les « descendants d’immigrés », dans leur acception biologique, seront éternellement des étrangers à la Nation, génération après génération.

2014 January 24, Frédéric Joignot, quoting Nicolas Bancel, “« Un inquiétant imaginaire de purification ethnique et culturelle »”, in Le Monde:


Frais-Vallon

Holonym: Marseille

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

A neighborhood of Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France


Belsunce

Holonym: Marseille


Étolie

Holonym: Étolie-Acarnanie


Acarnanie

Holonym: Étolie-Acarnanie


République démocratique allemande

German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic#English

German Democratic Republic, East Germany (a former country in Central Europe, merged with West Germany in 1990 to form the modern country of Germany)