Maldives

→ Persian: مالدیو (mâldiv)

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Ukraine

→ Khmer: អ៊ុយក្រែន (ʼuykraen)

desc

→ Lao: ອູກະແລນ (ʼū ka lǣn)

→ Lao: ອູກະແລນ (ʼū ka lǣn)

→ Persian: اوکراین (okrâyn)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína) or Russian Украи́на (Ukraína), from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina).

bor+

L’Ukraine a toujours aspiré à être libre : mais étant entourée de la Moscovie, des états du grand-seigneur, et de la Pologne, il lui a fallu chercher un protecteur, et par conséquent un maître dans l’un de ces trois états. Elle se mit d’abord sous la protection de la Pologne qui la traita trop en sujette : elle se donna depuis au Moscovite, qui la gouverna en esclave autant qu’il le put. D’abord les Ukrainiens jouirent du privilège d’élire un prince sous le nom de général ; mais bientôt ils furent dépouillés de ce droit, et leur général fut nommé par la cour de Moscou.

1731, Voltaire, Histoire de Charles XII, page 161:

Ukraine has always aspired to be free: but being surrounded by Muscovy, the states of the Sultan, and Poland, a protector had to be sought, and consequently a master in one of these three states. She first put herself under the protection of Poland, who treated her too much as subject. She then gave herself to the Muscovite, who governed her as a slave as much as he could. At first the Ukrainians enjoyed the privilege of electing a prince under the name of general; but soon they were stripped of this right, and their general was appointed by the court of Moscow.

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Naples

Inherited from Middle French Napples, from Italian Napoli, from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polis), from νέᾱ (néā, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólis, “city”).

Naples (a metropolitan city and city in Campania, Italy)


Roumanie

→ Persian: رومانی (rumâni)

→ Vietnamese: Ru-ma-ni

desc

→ Lao: ລູມານີ (lū mā nī)

→ Lao: ລູມານີ (lū mā nī)

From Latin Romania; alternatively, roumain + -ie.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Toscane

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Cologne

Inherited from Old French Cologne, Coloigne, from Latin colōnia (“colony”) in Colōnia Agrippīna (“Agrippine Colony”), a settlement named after Agrippina, the mother of Roman Emperor Nero.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Kiev

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


Munich

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Turin

Turin (the capital city of Piedmont, Italy)

Turin (a metropolitan city of Piedmont, Italy)


Syracuse

Syracuse (the capital city of the province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy)


Milan

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)

Milan (a metropolitan city of Lombardy, Italy)


Florence

→ Dutch: Florence

→ English: Florence

Turkish: Floransa

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Florence, feminine form of the saint's name Florent.


Rome

→ Guianese Creole: Ròm

→ Haitian Creole: Wòm

→ Persian: رم (rom)

→ Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)

Inherited from Old French Rome, from Latin Rōma.

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)


Prague

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Hesse

États de la zone: Bade-Wurtemberg · Bavière · Brandebourg · Hesse · Basse-Saxe · Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale · Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie · Rhénanie-Palatinat · Sarre · Saxe · Saxe-Anhalt · Schleswig-Holstein · Thuringe


Alexandrie

Alessandria (a city and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Malte

→ Persian: مالت (mâlt)

From Italian and Maltese Malta, from Arabic مالطا, from Latin Melita.

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Danube

Inherited from Middle French Danube, from Old French Danube (att. since mid-12th c.), borrowed from Latin Dānubius, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).

der

Danube (a river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania)


Le Caire

au Caire

du Caire


Jérusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Italie

From Latin Italia via Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλίᾱ (Ītalíā), from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú, “land of bulls”), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy; usually assumed to be a cognate of vitulus (“calf”).


Chypre

From Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

République de Chypre
République de Chypre#French

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia; official name: République de Chypre)


La Mecque

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Thessalonique

→ Persian: تسالونیک (tesâlonik)


Inde

Borrowed from Classical Persian هند (hind, “India”).


Autriche

→ Persian: اتریش (otriš)

→ Northern Kurdish: Otrîş

→ Lao: ໂອຕຣິດ (ʼōt rit)

→ Khmer: អូទ្រីស (ʼoutriih)

→ Mauritian Creole: Otrish

From Middle French Aust(e)riche, Ost(e)riche, from Old French Ostriche (ca. 1200), from Middle High German Ōsterīche, from Old High German Ōstarrīhhi (literally “eastern realm”).


Danemark

→ Persian: دانمارک (dânmârk)

il y a quelque chose de pourri au royaume du Danemark


Caroline

Carolina (one of the two states of the United States named Carolina in English)


Japon

⇒ Haitian Creole: Japon

→ Italian: Giappone

→ Khmer: ជប៉ុន (cĕəʼpon)

⇒ Lombard: Gjapon

→ Norman: Japon

→ Persian:

Iranian Persian: ژاپُن (žâpon)

⇒ Piedmontese: Giapon

→ Rade: Za pô nê (via japonais)

→ Turkish: Japon

→ Venetan: Giapòn

From Portuguese Japão, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, literally “sun origin”).

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


Allemagne

→ Ottoman Turkish: آلمانیه (Almanya)

> Turkish: Almanya (inherited)

→ Northern Kurdish: Almanya

→ Abkhaz: алман (alman)

→ Persian:

Dari: آلْمَان (ālmān)

Iranian Persian: آلمان (âlmân)

Tajik: Олмон (Olmon)

→ Vietnamese: An Lê Mân

→ Malagasy: Alemaina

Inherited from Old French Alemaigne, from Latin Alemannia. Compare Portuguese Alemanha, Spanish Alemania, English Almain.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Angleterre

desctree

Italian: Inghilterra
→ Arabic: إِنْجِلْتِرَا (ʔinjiltirā)
→ Maltese: Ingilterra
→ Ottoman Turkish: انكلتره
> Turkish: İngiltere (inherited)
→ Azerbaijani: İngiltərə

/ɑ̃.ɡlə.tɛʁ/

Inherited from Middle French Angleterre, Engleterre, from Old French Engleterre, calque of Old English Engla land.

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

(informal, often proscribed) England (informal name of the United Kingdom, a country in Western Europe)


Moscou

→ Persian: مسکو (mosko)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Mantoue

Mantua (the capital city of the province of Mantua, Lombardy, Italy)


Éthiopie

→ Khmer: អេត្យូពី (ʼeetyoupii)

desc

→ Lao: ເອທິໂອປີ (ʼē thi ʼō pī)

→ Lao: ເອທິໂອປີ (ʼē thi ʼō pī)

→ Persian: اتیوپی (etyupi)

Learned borrowing from Latin Aethiopia, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía).


Venise

→ Vietnamese: Vơ-ni-dơ

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)

Venice (a metropolitan city of Veneto, Italy)


Bologne

From Latin Bononia, the Roman settlement's name.


Chine

From Persian چینی (čini, “Chinese; porcelain”), compound of چین (čin, “China”) and the suffix ـی (-i), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn, “China”), ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).


Acre

From Portuguese Acre, of uncertain origin.

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Rio Branco


Trente

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Trento (a province of Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)

Trento (the capital city of the province of Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Valence

Valence (a city and commune, the capital of the Drôme department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, in southeastern France)

Valence (a town and commune in Tarn-et-Garonne department, Occitanie, in southern France)

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain)

Valencia (a province of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Vienne

→ Persian: وین (viyan)

Of disputed origin. Perhaps from the Roman name, Latin Vindobona, or possibly from a Celtic word *Veduna (“forest stream”), which would justify the phonetic evolution into the modern french form. Compare Proto-Celtic *widus (“woodland”).

Vienne (a city in the Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Tigre

From Latin Tigris, from Ancient Greek Τίγρις (Tígris), from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (Idiglat), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (Idigna, literally “fast as an arrow”).


Égypte

Antillean Creole: Ejip, Éjip

Haitian Creole: Ejip

Bourbonnais Creole:

Réunion Creole French: Ézip

→ Breton: Egipt

→ Jarai: čar Êjĭp

→ Khmer: អេហ្ស៊ីប (ʼeeziip)

→ Lao: ເອຢິບ (ʼē yip)

→ Lingala: Ejipte

→ Malagasy: Ejipta

→ Romanian: Egipt

Inherited from Middle French Egypte, from Old French Egypte, borrowed from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos).

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Liban

From Latin Libanus, from Ancient Greek Λίβανος (Líbanos), from a Semitic source.

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Londres

desctree

→ Italian: Londra
→ Maltese: Londra
→ Ottoman Turkish: لوندره (Londra)
Turkish: Londra
→ Romanian: Londra

→ Sanskrit: लण्ड्र (laṇḍra)

Inherited from Middle French Londres, from Old French Londres, ultimately from Latin Londinium.
However, it is not a natural evolution from Latin to French, as Londinium would render *Londin, *Londein. Thus, it is possible that it was borrowed or at least derived from Old English Lunden. The final syllable would have been weakened to -dn, later changing to -dr, which would yield an epenthetic -e. The -s would be added to fit Old French declension.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Islande

→ Greek: Ισλανδία f (Islandía)

→ Persian: ایسلند (island)

Borrowed from Icelandic Ísland, from Old Norse íss (“ice”) + land (“land, country”).


Lettonie

→ Persian: لتونی (letoni)


Albanie

→ Persian: آلبانی (âlbâni)

→ Vietnamese: An-ba-ni

Mauritian Creole: Albani


Groenland

Ultimately from Old Norse Grœnland (“Greenland”).

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Galles

Haitian Creole: Gal


Lombardie

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


Espagne

⇒ Haitian Creole: Espay

→ Khmer: អេស្ប៉ាញ (ʼeespaañ)

desc

→ Lao: ເອັສປາຍ (ʼet pāi)

→ Lao: ເອັສປາຍ (ʼet pāi)

Inherited from Old French Espangne, Espaigne, from Latin Hispānia. The /s/ was preserved or reinstated under learned influence (instead of expected *Épagne).

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Douvres

several places in France, such as Douvres-la-Délivrande (Calvados) or Douvres (Ain)


Aquitaine

→ English: Aquitaine

Borrowed from Latin Aquitania. Doublet of the inherited Guyenne and Guienne, from Old French Aguyenne.

Gallia Aquitanica
Gallia Aquitanica#English

Gallia Aquitanica (a province of the Roman Empire)


Grande-Bretagne

(loosely) Great Britain, United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


Le Cap

au Cap

du Cap


Sibérie

Persian: سیبری (siberi)


Anasazi

fr-noun

Anasazi m or f by sense (plural Anasazis)


Nuremberg

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


Elbe

Tuscan Archipelago
Tuscan Archipelago#English

Elba (an island in the Tuscan Archipelago)


Virginie

Haitian Creole: Vijini


Soudan

Borrowed from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān, “black people”, plural of أَسْوَد (ʔaswad)).

bor+

plural of <i class="Arab mention" lang="ar">أَسْوَد</i> (ʔaswad)

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Dominique

Borrowed from Late Latin Dominicus, derived from Dominus (“Lord”).

a male given name, equivalent to English Dominic


Dominique

a female given name, masculine equivalent Dominic


Hollande

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

(colloquial, by extension) Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Andorre

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Écosse

Inherited from Middle French Escosse, from Old French Escoce, Escouce, from Latin Scōtia. The Old French variant with ou is the expected one. However, it seems unlikely that the word was inherited through Vulgar Latin in either form.

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom, located in northwest Europe to the north of England)


Finlande

→ Persian: فنلاند (fanlând)

Haitian Creole: Fenlann


Cambodge

→ English: Cambodia

→ Persian: کامبوج (kâmboj)

desctree

→ Russian: Камбоджа (Kambodža)
→ Turkmen: Kamboja
→ Tajik: Камбоҷа (Kamboja)
→ Uyghur: كامبودژا (kambodzha)
→ Kyrgyz: Камбожа (Kamboja)

Borrowed from Middle Khmer Kambuja (Modern Khmer កម្ពុជា (kampuciə)).


Pays-Bas

les Pays-Bas (canonical masculine plural)

From pays (“land, country”) + bas (“low, nether”), a calque of Dutch Nederland. Compare the obsolete borrowing Néerlande.

af

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Lituanie

→ Persian: لیتوانی (litvâni)

desc

→ Lao: ລີຕົວນີ (lī tūa nī)

→ Lao: ລີຕົວນີ (lī tūa nī)

→ Khmer: លីទុយអានី (liituyʼaanii)


Suède

→ Persian: سوئد (su'ed)


Russie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Russi, alternatively from russe + -ie.

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Estonie

→ Persian: استونی (estoni)


Australie

Literally, “the southern land”, from Latin australis (“southern”).

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Brésil

→ Persian: برزیل (berezil)

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Bolivie

→ Persian: بولیوی (bolivi)


Bermudes

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Mexique

Antillean Creole: Meksik

Haitian Creole: Meksik

→ Arabic: المكسيك

→ Arabic: المكسيك

→ Persian: مکزیک (mekzik)

→ Khmer: ម៉ិចស៊ិក (məcsɨk)

→ Norman: Mexique

Borrowed from Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco.


Croatie

→ Persian: کرواسی (korovâsi)

→ Khmer: ក្រូអាស៊ី (krouʼaasii)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

La République de Croatie
La République de Croatie#French

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe; official name: La République de Croatie)


Norvège

→ Arabic: النرويج (an-nurwīj)

→ Persian: نروژ (norvež)

→ Ottoman Turkish: نرويج (Norvec)

> Turkish: Norveç (inherited)


Bulgarie

→ Vietnamese: Bun-ga-ri

From Latin Bulgaria; alternatively, bulgare + -ie.

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Grèce

Inherited from Old French Grece, from Latin Graecia


Macédoine

Inherited from Old French Macedoine, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin Macedonia, from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), which see for more.

der

Macedonia (a region in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

Macedonia (an ancient kingdom in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

Macedonia (an administrative region of Greece)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)


Irlande

→ Persian: ایرلند (irland)

Haitian Creole: Ilann


Arménie

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Maroc

→ Arabic: الْمَرُوك (al-marūk)


Corée

→ Khmer: កូរ៉េ (kouree)

→ Persian:

Iranian Persian: کره (kore)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قوره (kore)

> Turkish: Kore (inherited)

→ Albanian: Kore

→ Haitian Creole: Kore

Internationalism. See English entry for Korea for further etymology.

République populaire démocratique de Corée


Jamaïque

Haitian Creole: Jamayik

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Grenade

English: Grenada

Borrowed from Spanish Granada (city, region; island), from Arabic غَرْنَاطَة (Ḡarnāṭa, initially a suburb of the city, then city, region).

der

Granada (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Slovénie

→ Persian: اسلوونی (esloveni)

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Slovaquie

→ Persian: اسلواکی (eslovâki)


Érythrée

Haitian Creole: Eritre

→ Persian: اریتره (eritre)

→ Turkish: Eritre

From Latin erythraeus, as it was used in Erythraeum mare (“the Erythraean Sea”), from Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”). The second sense is a semantic loan from Italian l'Eritrea, first used in Italian as an ellipsis of la Colonia eritrea (“Italian Eritrea”, literally “the Erythraean colony”).

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Syrie

From Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría).

Holonym: Proche-Orient

Meronym: Cœlé-Syrie

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Monténégro

→ Persian: مونتهنگرو (monte-negro)

Borrowed from Venetan Montenegro (literally “black mountain”), a calque of Serbo-Croatian Cȓnā Gòra / Цр̑на̄ Го̀ра, referring to Mount Lovćen.

bor+

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Serbie

From Latin Serbia; alternatively, serbe + -ie.

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Indonésie

→ Persian: اندونزی (andonezi)

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Jordanie

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Libye

→ Persian: لیبی (libi)


Bosnie-Herzégovine

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Malaisie

→ Persian: مالزی (mâlezi)


Géorgie

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Cap Vert

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Somalie

→ Persian: سومالی (somâli)

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Barbade

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Nouvelle-Zélande

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Micronésie

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


Singapour

→ Persian: سنگاپور (sangâpur)

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Thaïlande

Haitian Creole: Tayilann


Moldavie

Persian: مولداوی (moldâvi)

From Moldave + -ie, from Latin Moldavia.

Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia#English

Moldova, Western Moldavia (a region in eastern Romania adjacent to the country of Moldova, once part of the principality of Moldova)


Biélorussie

Borrowed from Russian Белору́ссия (Belorússija).


Arabie saoudite

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Azerbaïdjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Sainte-Lucie

Saint Lucia (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Guinée équatoriale

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Palaos

Ultimately from Palauan Belau (“Palau”).

Palau (A country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Cornouailles

Inherited from Middle French Cornuaille, from Old French Cornuaille.


Salzbourg

Salzburg (the capital city of the state of Salzburg, Austria)


Rhénanie

[...] le commandant Grondelet disait toute son inquiétude à voir la Rhénanie aspirer la quasi-totalité de nos troupes pendant que s’agitaient les classes laborieuses à l’intérieur du pays.

1926, Marcel Aymé, Brûlebois, Éditions Gallimard, chap. VI, 1975 ed., pp. 68-69

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Barcelone

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Édimbourg

Edinburgh, Edinburgh (a council area of Scotland)


Lisbonne

English: Lisbon

→ Ottoman Turkish: لیزبون (Lizbon)

Turkish: Lizbon

→ Armenian: Լիզպոն (Lizpon)

From Arabic لِشْبُونَة (Lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, of uncertain origin.


Saint-Pétersbourg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia), and former capital (1732–1918).


Groningue

Groningen (a province of the Netherlands)


Hambourg

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


Séville

Borrowed from Spanish Sevilla, from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

der

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya)

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Aix-la-Chapelle

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Copenhague

Ultimately from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Athènes

→ Persian: آتن (âten)

Borrowed from Latin Athēnae, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Brême

From Middle French Breme, Bresme, Bremes, from Middle Low German Brēmen.

Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)


Saxe

LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-avenue du Maréchal-de-Saxe.wav

From Middle French Saxe, an apparently semi-learned form which displaced Old French Saisunie, Sessoigne, etc., from Latin Saxōnia, perhaps after Medieval Latin Saxia or influenced by German Sachsen itself. Compare Middle French Saxone (“Saxony”).


Californie

California (a state of the United States)


Catalogne

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Bosphore

Bosphorus (A strait that passes through Istanbul)


Olténie

Oltenia (a historical region in Romania)


Nouvelle-Galles du Sud

From nouvelle (feminine of nouveau (“new”)) + Galles (“Wales”) + sud (“south”); calque of English New South Wales.

af

feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">nouveau</i> (“new”)


Caroline du Sud

South Carolina (a state of the United States)


Tchéquie

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Sardaigne

Probably borrowed from Italian Sardegna.

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Louisiane

English: Louisiana

Haitian Creole: Lwizyàn

Louisiana Creole: Lwizyàn

Portuguese: Luisiana

Spanish: Luisiana

From Louis + -iane.
Named for king Louis XIV of France.

Louisiana (a state of the United States)

Louisiana (former French territory in North America)


Sicile

→ Persian: سیسیل (sisil)

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


La Haye

→ Arabic: لَاهاي (lāhāy)

→ Persian: لاهه (lâhe)

From Middle French, from the noun haye (modern haie), a calque of Middle Dutch die Haghe (modern Dutch Den Haag), from haghe (“enclosure”).

The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Côme

a male given name, equivalent to English Cosmo


Pise

Pisa (the capital city of the province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy)


Marches

administrative region
administrative region

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


Pennsylvanie

Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)


Cap-Vert

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Tchétchénie

Chechnya (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


Nouvelle-Angleterre

From nouvelle (feminine of nouveau (“new”)) + Angleterre (“England”); calque of English New England.


Francfort

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (a sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany)


Silésie

Silesia (a historical region in Central Europe, shared between the Czech Republic and Poland)


Caroline du Nord

North Carolina (a state of the United States)


Béotie

Boeotia (a district in east central Central Greece)


Marrakech

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Nicosie

à Nicosie

de Nicosie

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; capital city of Northern Cyprus)


La Valette

à La Valette

de La Valette


Iekaterinbourg

Yekaterinburg (a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)


Andalousie

Andalusia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Abruzzes

(plural only) Abruzzo (an administrative region in central Italy)


Calabre

Holonym: Italie

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Gênes

From Latin Genua, whence also Italian Genova.

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Bohême

From Middle French Bohême, from Late Latin Boiohaemum. For the etymology, see Bohemia.

Bohemia (A historical region in the west of Czech Republic.)


Majorque

From Latin īnsula maior "larger island"; the intermediate form was Maiorica.


Ligurie

From Latin Liguria, from Ancient Greek Λίγυς (Lígus).

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


Brandebourg

Brandenburg (region of Germany, formerly a principality and presently a state in Germany)


Nouveau-Mexique

From nouveau (“new”) (from Latin novus) + Mexique (“Mexico”).

New Mexico (a state of the United States)

New Mexico (a former territory of Mexico and the United States)


Ossétie

Ossetia, a Caucasian region, ancestral home of the Ossetic culture


Parme

Borrowed from Italian Parma, from Latin.

Parma (a province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Galice

From Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a Celtic tribe in the region”).

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Galicie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a tribe in the region”).

Galicia (area of Central/Eastern Europe)


Pérouse

Perugia (the capital city of Umbria, Italy; capital city of the metropolitan city of Perugia, Umbria, Italy)


Sienne

Siena (the capital city of the province of Siena, Tuscany, Italy)


Tarente

Taranto (the capital city of the province of Taranto, Apulia, Italy)


Mayence

Esperanto: Majenco

Japanese: マイエンス (Maiensu)

Occitan: Maiança

Inherited from Latin Mogontiacum, the Roman name of the settlement, from a Celtic language.

Mainz (a city, the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Nouvelle-Zemble

Novaya Zemlya (an archipelago in Russia)


Hanovre

Hanover (the capital and largest city of Lower Saxony, Germany)


Assise

Assisi (a town and comune of Perugia, Umbria, Italy)


Jéricho

Inherited from Middle French Iericho, from Old French Iericho, from Latin Ierichō, from Ancient Greek Ἰεριχώ (Ierikhṓ), from Biblical Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ (yərīḥō).

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Virginie-Occidentale

West Virginia (a state of the United States)


Palerme

Palermo (a metropolitan city of Sicily, Italy)

Palermo (the capital city of Sicily, Italy; capital city of the metropolitan city of Palermo, Sicily, Italy)


Vérone

Verona (the capital city of the province of Verona, Veneto, Italy)


Livourne

Borrowed from Italian Livorno, from Old Italian Legorno, from Latin Liburnus, from Liburni, name of the ancient population of Liburnians.

Livorno (a province and city in Tuscany, Italy)


Basilicate

Basilicata (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Ombrie

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Pouilles

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Campanie

Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Saragosse

From Old French Sarragoce, ultimately from Latin Caesaraugusta.


Padoue

From Vulgar Latin Patava, Pataua, ultimately from Latin Patavium, the Roman name.

Padua (the capital city of the province of Padua, Veneto, Italy)


Lancastre

Lancaster (a city, the county town of Lancashire, England)


Slavonie

Slavonia (a geographical region and former kingdom in eastern Croatia)


Gange

→ Arabic: الْغَانْج (al-ḡānj)

→ Iranian Persian: گانْژ (gânž)

→ Turkish: Ganj

Borrowed from Latin Gangēs, from Ancient Greek Γάγγης (Gángēs), from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gáṅgā, literally “swift-goer”).


Pavie

Inherited from Middle French [Term?], also from Occitan Pavia (although rare in southern France and nearly absent from Gers). Most prevalent in Seine-Maritime department.


Asturies

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Crimée

→ Persian: کریمه (kerime)


Arabie

From Latin Arabia; alternatively from arabe + -ie.


Crète

→ Lao: ກະແລັດ (ka læt)

→ Persian: کرت (keret)


Philadelphie

Philadelphia (a large city in Pennsylvania, United States)


Cordoue

Córdoba (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Madère

From Portuguese madeira (“wood, timber”).


Mélanésie

→ Dutch: Melanesië

→ English: Melanesia

→ German: Melanesien

Coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville, from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants.


Minorque

From Late Latin Minorca, from Latin balearis minor. Compare Majorque.


Modène

Modena (a province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

Modena (a city in Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy)


Saint-Domingue

(now historical) Saint-Domingue (a former French colony on the island of Hispaniola, roughly equivalent to modern-day Haiti)


Germanie

(historical) Germania, a region inhabited by Germanic peoples


Bois-le-Duc

Spanish: Bolduque

A calque of Dutch 's-Hertogenbosch (literally “the duke's forest”).

uder

's-Hertogenbosch (a city in the Netherlands)


Hébron

Hebron (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Vicence

Vicenza (the capital city of the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy)


Catane

Catania (a metropolitan city of Sicily, Italy)

Catania (the capital city of the metropolitan city of Catania, Sicily, Italy)


Coni

From Piedmontese Coni, ultimately from Latin cuneus (“wedge”).


Frise

From Latin Frisia (“territory of the Frisians”).

Friesland (a province of the Netherlands)


monts Oural

Ural Mountains (mountain range in Russia)


Cythère

Borrowed from Latin Cythēra, from Ancient Greek Κύθηρα (Kúthēra).


Magdebourg

Magdeburg (the capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)


Indes

Indosphere (a region of Asia), i.e. both South and Southeast Asia


Ouralsk

Borrowed from Russian Ура́льск (Urálʹsk).

bor+

Synonym of Oural (“Oral”) (a city in Kazakhstan)


Émilie-Romagne

Emilia-Romagna (an administrative region of northern Italy)


Bade-Wurtemberg

From German Baden-Württemberg. From Bade + Wurtemberg


Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale

From German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. From Mecklembourg + Poméranie-Occidentale

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania#English

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (a state of Germany)