pseudo-

Internationalism (see English pseudo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs).


a-

Internationalism (see English a-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).


tera-

Internationalism (see English tera-), ultimately from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras).


giga-

Internationalism (see English giga-), ultimately from Ancient Greek γίγας (gígas).


milli-

Internationalism, ultimately from Latin mille.


nano-

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos).


auto-

[ˈɑ̝u̯t̪o̞-]

Internationalism (see English auto-), ultimately from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-).

autobiografia

autonomia

omaelämäkerta

itsehallinto

autopilotti

automaattiohjaus


zoo-

From Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).


tri-

Internationalism (see English tri-), ultimately from Latin tri-.


kilo-

Internationalism, from French kilo-, ultimately from Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi, “one thousand”).


mega-

From Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “great, large, mighty”).


ambi-

From Latin ambi- (“both”), from ambo (“both”).


anti-

Internationalism (see English anti-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).


mono-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos).


bi-

Internationalism (see English bi-), ultimately from Latin bis.


andro-

Internationalism (see English andro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀνδρός (andrós).


hetero-

Internationalism (see English hetero-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros).


bio-

Internationalism (see English bio-), ultimately from Ancient Greek βίο- (bío-).


tele-

Internationalism (see English tele-), ultimately from Ancient Greek τῆλε (têle).


homo-

Internationalism (see English homo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós).

homo- (same; only in loanwords directly adapted from a term in which "homo-" appears in this sense, e.g. homogeeninen, homoseksuaali, homonyymi)

homo-, gay (homosexual; with common language words, e.g. homobaari, homoliitto, homomies)


astro-

Internationalism (see English astro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron).


deka-

Internationalism (see English deca-), ultimately from Late Latin decas.


neo-

Internationalism (see English neo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek νέος (néos).


endo-

From Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “inner; internal”).


geo-

Internationalism (see English geo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-).


ex-

ex-aviomies

ex-pomo


di-

Internationalism (see English di-), ultimately from Ancient Greek δι- (di-).


mini-

Internationalism (see English mini-), ultimately from Latin minium.


hyper-

From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”).


syn-

Internationalism (see English syn-), ultimately from Ancient Greek συν- (sun-).


super-

Internationalism (see English super-), ultimately from Latin super-.


iso-

Internationalism; ultimately from Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).


trans-

Internationalism (see English trans-), ultimately from Latin trāns.


neuro-

Internationalism (see English neuro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek νευρο- (neuro-).


taka-

taka- (nominative singular)
takaa (partitive singular)
taas (lative singular)
taa (lative singular)
takaisin (distributive temporal)
taitse (prolative singular)
takana (essive singular)
taakse (singular translative)


esi-

esi- (nominative singular)
edes (lative singular)
edessä (inessive singular)
edestä (elative singular)
eteen (illative singular)
esiin (illative plural)
edellä (adessive singular)
esillä (adessive plural)
edeltä (ablative singular)
esiltä (ablative plural)
edelle (allative singular)
esille (allative plural)
editse (prolative singular)
etenkin (instructive singular)
etenkään (instructive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *eci, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ede. Cognate with Estonian esi and Hungarian elő.


epä-

From Proto-Finnic *epä. Originally active present participle (-pä) of the negative verb stem *e-; see ei. Cognate with Estonian eba-, Livonian äb, Moksha аф (af), Erzya апак (apak).

epä- + selvä (“clear”) → epäselvä (“unclear”)

Used to invert the meaning of a word: in-, non-, un-, dis-, mis-, mal-


paleo-

Internationalism (see English paleo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós).


afro-

Afro-, African (of or pertaining to Africa)


geno-

Internationalism (see English geno-), ultimately from Ancient Greek γένος (génos).


hydro-

Internationalism (see English hydro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-).


ferri-

ferribromidi

ferrihydroksidi

ferrioksalaatti

ferri-, ferric, iron(III) oxide- (of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 3)


terato-

Internationalism (see English terato-), ultimately from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras).


oo-

Internationalism (see English oo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ᾠόν (ōión).


pan-

Internationalism (see English pan-), ultimately from Ancient Greek πᾰν- (pan-).


keski-

keski- (nominative singular)
keskeä (partitive singular)
keskellä (adessive singular)
keskeltä (ablative singular)
keskelle (allative singular)
keskitse (prolative singular)
keskenään (essive singular)
kesken (instructive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *keski, from Proto-Finno-Permic *keske. Cognates include Estonian kesk- and Moksha кеска (keska, “waist”).

Veikko oli keskipituinen mies.

Keski-Eurooppa

Keskilänsi

keskipainoinen

keskitulo

keskiviikko


supra-

Learned borrowing from Latin suprā- (“above, over, beyond”).


infra-

Internationalism (see English infra-), ultimately from Latin infra.


ylä-

head

ylä- (comparative ylempi, superlative ylin)

ylempi (comparative)
ylin (superlative)
ylä- (nominative singular)
ylhäällä (singular superessive)
ylhäältä (delative singular)
ylhäälle (singular sublative)
ylös (lative singular)
yleensä (illative singular)
yllä (adessive singular)
yltä (ablative singular)
ylle (allative singular)
yli (prolative singular)
ylitse (prolative singular)
ylen (instructive singular)

ala-

antonym(s) of “upper, superior, high, higher”

From Proto-Finnic *ülä, from Proto-Uralic *wilä, *wülä. Cognate with Erzya вель- (veľ-) in велькс (veľks, “sheet; upside”), вельтямс (veľťams, “to cover”). Some of the inflected forms, like yleensä, ylen and ylös exhibit a variant yle-; this variant goes back to at least Proto-Finnic (Proto-Finnic *üle-).


pää-

main, head, prime, primary, principal, leading


myöhäis-

[ˈmyø̞̯ɦæi̯s̠-]

myöhäisilta

myöhäislatina


täys-

täysistunto


irto-

From *irta, from Proto-Finnic *irta, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian irti (“to fall apart, to separate”)).

cog

irtoperuna 5 €/kg


itse-

Levitä itseruskettavaa voidetta iholle.

Spread some self-tanning lotion on the skin.


yli-

yliarvioida

yliluonnollinen

yliaistillinen

Vanhemmat voivat olla ylihuolehtivaisia lastensa suhteen.

Parents can be overly protective of their children.

ylikomisario


perus-

basic, elemental, elementary, fundamental

basic, rudimentary, normal, typical, average


ympäri-

ympärileikkaus

ympäripurjehdus


kauko-

head

kauko- (comparative kauempi, superlative kauin)

kauempi (comparative)
kauin (superlative)
kauko- (nominative singular)
kaukaa (partitive singular)
kauaa (partitive singular)
kauas (lative singular)
kaukana (essive singular)
kauaksi (singular translative)
kauan (instructive singular)

From the stem *kauka, from Proto-Finnic *kauka-, likely borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-. Alternative theory suggests Proto-Finno-Ugric *kawka, ultimately from the same Indo-European root, but comparisons to possible cognates in other Uralic languages, such as Erzya кувака (kuvaka), have been disputed. Cognate to Estonian kauge and Votic kauka.


liki-

liki- (nominative singular)
liki (lative singular)
likellä (adessive singular)
likeltä (ablative singular)
likelle (allative singular)
likitse (prolative singular)

From Proto-Finnic *liki, from Proto-Finno-Permic *like. Cognates include Estonian ligi, Ingrian liki, Votic litši and Northern Sami lahka.


lähi-

lähi- (comparative lähempi, superlative lähin)

lähempi (comparative)
lähin (superlative)
lähi- (nominative singular)
lähes (lative singular)
lähellä (adessive singular)
läheltä (ablative singular)
lähelle (allative singular)
lähitse (prolative singular)
läsnä (essive singular)
lähekkäin (singular situative)
lähetysten (oppositive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *lähe- (compare Estonian läheda (adjective), Livonian ležgõl (adverb), Livvi ľähekkäh (adverb) and Votic lʹähe (adverb)), from Proto-Uralic *läse (compare Eastern Mari лишне (ĺišńe), Tundra Nenets ет’ (yet’) and possibly Hungarian le-).

lähitulevaisuus


poikki-

poikki- (nominative singular)
pois (lative singular)
poikki (lative singular)
poissa (inessive singular)
poikitse (prolative singular)
poikittain (singular situative)
poikin (instructive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *poikki. Related to Karelian poikki and Votic põittši.


seka-

seka- (nominative singular)
seassa (inessive singular)
seasta (elative singular)
sekaan (illative singular)
sekaisin (distributive temporal)

From Proto-Finnic *seka, possibly from Proto-Uralic *sekä (“inside, interior”), thus "among" (also see seassa) and later "mixed". The word has (presumably original) front vowels in Võro but back vowels elsewhere.


etä-

etä- (nominative singular)
etäällä (singular superessive)
etäältä (delative singular)
etäälle (singular sublative)
etänä (essive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *etä, possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *ečkä, *ečä. Cognate with Moksha ичкозе (ičkoźe, “far”).

etäoppiminen

etäsukukieli

etäkokous

etätyö

etäopettaja

distant, remote, long-distance, far-off, remote, tele-, e-


ulko-

ulko- (comparative ulompi, superlative uloin)

ulompi (comparative)
uloin (superlative)
ulko- (nominative singular)
ulkoa (partitive singular)
ulos (lative singular)
ulolla (adessive singular)
ulolta (ablative singular)
ulolle (allative singular)
ulkona (essive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *ulko, from Proto-Finno-Permic *ulka. Cognates include Northern Sami olgu, Ume Sami ulks and Komi-Zyrian ылавны (ylavny).

ulkopinta

ulkopuoli

ulkopolitiikka

ulkokiinalainen

overseas (living outside one's own country)

ulkogrilli


sisä-

sisä- (nominative singular)
sisässä (inessive singular)
sisästä (elative singular)
sisään (illative singular)
sisällä (adessive singular)
sisältä (ablative singular)
sisälle (allative singular)
sisäkkäin (singular situative)
sisätysten (oppositive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *sicä, from Proto-Finno-Permic *śićä. Cognate with Moksha сезем (śeźem).

inner, internal, interior, inward; indoor; inland


ala-

ala- (comparative alempi, superlative alin)

alempi (comparative)
alin (superlative)
ala- (nominative singular)
alhaalla (singular superessive)
alhaalta (delative singular)
alhaalle (singular sublative)
alas (lative singular)
alla (adessive singular)
alta (ablative singular)
alle (allative singular)
ali (prolative singular)
alitse (prolative singular)
allekkain (singular situative)
alakkain (singular situative)
alatusten (oppositive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *ala, from Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognate with Estonian ala-, Erzya ало (alo) and Hungarian alatt.


vasta-

vasta- (nominative singular)
vastassa (inessive singular)
vastaan (illative singular)
vastakkain (singular situative)
vastatusten (oppositive singular)
vasten (instructive singular)
vastoin (instructive plural)

[ˈʋɑ̝s̠tɑ̝-]

From Proto-Finnic *vasta, from Proto-Finno-Permic *wasta (“a place opposite or across”). Related to Estonian vast, Karelian vasta, Livonian vastõ, Livvi vastah, Veps vast, Võro vasta, Votic vassõ, Northern Sami vuostá (“towards, against”), Erzya васта (vasta, “spouse”), вастомс (vastoms, “to meet”), Moksha васта (vasta, “spot, place”) and probably Eastern Mari ваштареш (vaštareš, “against”).

cog

counter-, anti- (expressing opposition or contrast)

new-, freshly, just, recently (expressing that something took place recently)


nyky-

From Proto-Finnic *nükü, from Proto-Finno-Permic *nikɜ, *nükɜ. Also related to nyt (“now”), Erzya ней (ńej, “now”) and Komi-Zyrian нин (ńin, “already”).


työläis-

[ˈt̪yø̞̯læi̯s̠-]

työläisarmeija

työläiskaupunginosa

working-class area, working-class neighborhood

työläiskortteli

Combining form of työläinen (“worker”); workers'


ensi-

See ensi. The variant enta- is found in some derivations; this variation goes back to Proto-Finnic (*enta).


vara-

varakengät

vararengas

varasuunnitelma

varaventtiili

varalaskupaikka

extra, spare, contingency, safety, emergency, backup, reserve, standby

varapresidentti

varajäsen

varakuvernööri

varaprofessori

varapuolustaja

vice, deputy, lieutenant, assistant, (sports) substitute, second-string


mikkihiiri-

mikkihiiriraha


viher-

Shortened from viherä, older form of the adjective vihreä (“green”).


maalais-

[ˈmɑ̝ːlɑ̝i̯s̠-]

Combining form of maalainen (“rural, rustic”)


elektro-

Internationalism (see English electro-), ultimately from Latin electrum.


mikro-

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós).


kryo-

Internationalism (see English cryo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos).


sala-

sala- + ampuja (“shooter”) → sala-ampuja (“sniper”, literally “secret shooter”)

sala- + kari (“rock”) → salakari (“sunken rock, (figuratively) pitfall”)

sala- + kieli (“language”) → salakieli (“code, cipher, argot”, literally “secret language”)

sala- + kuljettaa (“to transport”) → salakuljettaa (“to smuggle”, literally “to transport secretly”)

sala- + kuunnella (“to listen”) → salakuunnella (“to eavesdrop, bug, wiretap”, literally “to listen secretly”)

sala- + liitto (“alliance, league”) → salaliitto (“conspiracy”, literally “secret alliance/league”)

sala- + murha (“murder”) → salamurha (“assassination”, literally “secret murder”)

sala- + nimi (“name”) → salanimi (“assumed name, pen name, pseudonym, stage name”, literally “secret name”)

sala- + oja (“ditch”) → salaoja (“subsurface drain”, literally “secret ditch”)

sala- + poliisi (“police officer”) → salapoliisi (“detective”, literally “secret police officer”)

sala- + sana (“word”) → salasana (“password”, literally “secret word”)

sala- + seura (“society, club”) → salaseura (“secret society”)


ultra-

Internationalism (see English ultra-), ultimately from Latin ultrā.


muurahais-

[ˈmuːrɑ̝ɦɑ̝i̯s̠-]

Combining form of muurahainen; formic, ant


pysty-

Coordinate term: vaaka-


pika-

pika- (nominative singular)
pikaa (partitive singular)
piakkoin (singular temporal)
pikana (essive singular)
pian (instructive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *pika (compare Estonian pea, Karelian pika, Livonian pigā, Veps piga, Votic pigaa), possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *fiką (compare Danish fige, Swedish fika (“to strive (for)”)).

pikainen

pikajuna

pikanuudeli

summary (performed speedily and without formal ceremony)


keino-

keinokuitu

keinosilkki


keitto-

keittosuola

keittokirja


avo-

From Proto-Finnic *avoi. Related to avata and avoin.

avopäinen

bare (without clothing in a part of body)


apulais-

Combining form of apulainen; associate, deputy, vice-, under-


vähä-

vähä-älyinen

vähärasvainen

low-, having little, having less (signifying low quantity or content)

Vähä-Aasia

minor, lesser (signifying small size, especially in names)


umpi-

From Proto-Finnic *umpi, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”), which was perhaps already borrowed into Proto-Finno-Saamic (compare Northern Sami oppa (“whole; quite a”)). Alternatively possibly related to Komi-Zyrian об (ob).

der

umpikuja

dead-end (alley) (literally, “closed/solid alley”)

umpihullu

umpihumalainen

umpikännissä

When prefixed to an adjective or adverb, indicates that the quality described by the adjective or adverb is total.


foto-

Internationalism (see English photo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs).


anaali-

[ˈɑ̝nɑ̝ːli-]


ykkös-

Combining form of ykkönen: priority, first class, preferred, prime, first


esikois-

esikoispoika

Combining form of esikoinen (“firstborn”)


lisä-

lisäaika

lisäansio

lisähermo

lisätalousarvio

extra, supplemental, additional, accessory


vale-

valeuutiset

valehuippu

valeraskaus

valekuva

valetieto

valepuku

valetiede


arkki-

Internationalism (see English arch-), ultimately from Latin archi-.


pohjois-

Pohjois-Amerikka

Pohjois-Irlanti

pohjoistuuli

Combining form of pohjoinen (“north”); north, northern


ekstra-

ekstrapaljon

(colloquial) particularly, particularly much


kiinto-

kiint + -o, from the same root as kiinteä and kiinni.


nefro-

Internationalism (see English nephro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós).

(anatomy, medicine) Of or relating to kidneys, nephric, nephro-.


häive-

[ˈhæi̯ʋe̞ˌ(ʔ)]

stealth (designed to be invisible to radar)


antropo-

Internationalism (see English anthropo-).


orto-

From Ancient Greek ὀρθο- (ortho-), combining form of ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright, erect”).


termo-

Internationalism (see English thermo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós).


kyber-

kyberrikollinen


etno-

Internationalism (compare English ethno-); ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos).


oftalmo-

Internationalism (see English ophthalmo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós).


onko-

Internationalism (see English onco-), ultimately from New Latin onco-.


kardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).


jotta-

[ˈjo̞t̪ːɑ̝-]


tsetta-

[ˈts̠e̞t̪ːɑ̝-]

Internationalism (see English zetta-), ultimately from Latin septem.


sentti-

Internationalism (see English centi-), ultimately from Latin centum.


desi-

Internationalism (see English deci-), ultimately from Latin decimus.


elin-

elin- + aika (“time”) → elinaika (“lifetime”)

elin- + taso (“level”) → elintaso (“standard of living”)

elin- + tila (“space, room”) → elintila (“lebensraum”)


asuin-

asuinrakennus

asuinpaikka

asuintila


kimppa-

kimppakyyti

kimppasynttärit

kimppakiva


tekno-

Internationalism (see English techno-), ultimately from Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē).


lounais-

Combining form of lounainen (“southwesterly, southwestern”)


luoteis-

Combining form of luoteinen (“northwesterly, northwestern”)


kaakkois-

[ˈkɑ̝ːkːo̞i̯s̠-]

Combining form of kaakkoinen (“southeasterly, southeastern, southeast”)


koillis-

Combining form of koillinen (“northeastern, northeasterly, northeast”)


haja-

From Proto-Finnic *haja-, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sājan-, *sēaną (compare Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (saian), Swedish så).

hajalla

apart; dispersed, scattered, in pieces; smashed, broken; disassembled

hajalle

apart; dispersed; smashed; broken; disassembled; scattered; in pieces

hajanainen

scattered, dispersed; sporadic; incoherent

hajota

to disperse, scatter, break up, run in all directions

hajottaa

to scatter, disperse, break up, dissipate, drive off, send scurrying


kolmi-

kolme (“three”) + -i (old suffix used in compounds)


arkeo-

Extracted from Finnish arkeologia; ultimately a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos).


psyko-

Internationalism (see English psycho-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ).


opinto-

< opinnot; while the word is a plurale tantum, the singular form of such words is nevertheless used as the combining form.


alkeis-

The combining form of otherwise rarely used alkeinen, from alkeet (“rudiment”) + -inen.

alkeiskoulu

basic, elemental, fundamental, rudimentary

alkeishiukkanen

(physics) elementary (relating to a subatomic particle)


apu-

apumoottori

aputyöntekijä

apuhenkilökunta

auxiliary, assistant, assisting, ancillary


agraari-

[ˈɑ̝ɡrɑ̝ːri-]

Combining form of agraarinen (“agrarian”)


kuolin-

kuolla (“to die”) + -in (instrumental suffix) >

suffix

kuolinaika

kuolinilmoitus

kuolinpesä

estate (the property of a deceased person)

kuolinpäivä

kuolinselvitys

inquest (official document stating the result of a formal investigation into the cause of a death)

kuolinsyy

kuolinvuode


frontaali-

Combining form of frontaalinen (“frontal”).


syto-

Internationalism (see English cyto-), ultimately from Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos).


ekso-

Internationalism (see English exo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō).


spektro-

Internationalism (see English spectro-).


syano-

Internationalism (see English cyano-), ultimately from Ancient Greek κυάνεος (kuáneos).


nekro-

Internationalism (see English necro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”).


oseano-

[ˈo̞s̠e̞ˌɑ̝no̞-]


vähimmäis-

[ˈʋæɦimːæi̯s̠-]

Combining form of vähimmäinen (“minimum, least”)


varhais-

[ˈʋɑ̝rhɑ̝i̯s̠-]

varhaispermikausi

varhaiskeskiaika


varsinais-

[ˈʋɑ̝rs̠inɑ̝i̯s̠-]

Combining form of varsinainen (“actual, essential, proper”)


nais-

Combining form of nainen (“woman”); female, woman, women’s, feminine etc.


muinais-

muinaiskreikka

muinaisenglanti

muinaiseläin

Combining form of muinainen; ancient, old, prehistoric


belgialais-

Combining form of belgialainen (“Belgian”)


bulgarialais-

Combining form of bulgarialainen (“Bulgarian”)


britti-

brittienglanti: British English

brittipoliitikko: British politician


dentaali-

Combining form of dentaalinen (“dental”)


olympia-

Combining form of olympialainen (“Olympic”)


pers-

Combining form of perse (in some compounds, such as persläpi, persnetto)


yhdys-

yhdyshenkilö

yhdyskunta

yhdyskäytävä

yhdyssana

Yhdysvallat

yhdysviiva

Indicated unity or connection, English translations vary.


heksa-

Internationalism (see English hexa-), ultimately from Latin hexa-.


seitsen-

seitsenvuotinen sota

seitsenhaarainen

seitsenkulmio

seitsenkertainen


neli-

neljä (“four”) + -i (old suffix used in compounds)

suf

nelitahtinen

nelikielinen


nuorten-

juvenile, youth, teen (of youth, young people, teens)


kymmen-

From kymmen (“group of ten”) or kymmenen (“ten”).


oiko-

various meanings all related to oikea and oikoa: straight, direct, correct


enimmäis-

Combining form of enimmäinen (“maximum”)


yksöis-

yksi + -öis-. Formed after the example of kaksois-, from yksi (“one”) as opposed to kaksi (“two”).

(uncommon) single (as opposed to double, triple or such)


vege-

vegetarian, veggie (suitable for vegetarians)


täsmä-

Probably borrowed from Russian тесьма́ (tesʹmá, “band, lace”), with the figurative meaning developing through täsmälleen (“exactly, precisely”), originally in the sense "to weave a band based on an existing band" → "to weave a band exactly like some other band".

täsmävaaka

täsmäpommi

precision, surgical (characterized by high precision)


uudis-

uusi (“new”) + -is(e)-; mostly through literary use.


riikin-

Swedish (pertaining to the Kingdom of Sweden)


elementaari-

elementaarikoulu

(as modifier) elementary (elating to the basic, essential or fundamental part of something)

elementaaririkki

(chemistry, as modifier) elementary (of or pertaining to chemical elements)


uusio-

Extracted from the word uusiopaperi (“recycled paper”), which is analyzable as uusio- + paperi.


sika-

sika (“pig, swine”), probably through words like sikaruma (“very ugly”, literally “pig-ugly”)

Se on sikahyvä.

(Helsinki) extremely, totally, very, really, super (used as an intensifier in compound terms)


äly-

Probably a shortening of älyttömän (“ridiculously, extremely”).

Älyhyvää keittoa.

extremely, totally, very, really (used as an intensifier in compound terms)


oksy-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús).


vastin-

vastinsivut


yltiö-

yltiö- + positiivinen (“positive”) → yltiöpositiivinen (“overtly positive”)


prefrontaali-

Combining form of prefrontaalinen (“prefrontal”)


luki-

luku ja kirjoitus. Originally in lukihäiriö, shortened from luku- ja kirjoitushäiriö

Pertaining to dyslexia or reading or writing ability in general.


yliääni-

From yli- (“over, past”) + ääni (“sound, voice”). Calque of English hypersonic.


pääly-

From pääl- + -u. Compare päälys, päällys.

päälykerros

päälyhousut

(dialectal) Alternative form of päällys- (“top, toplayer, over-”)-


alu-

alukerros

aluhousut

alupatja

(dialectal) Alternative form of alus- (“underlay, base, under”)-


tsyko-

psykologia → tsykologia

psykologinen → tsykologinen

psykedeeli → tsykedeeli


nimennäis-

(finance) registered to a person (signifies attachment to a particular person)


määrännäis-

[ˈmæːrænːæi̯s̠-]

määrännäisvelkakirja

(finance) transferable, payable to order (signifies that the security concerned is transferable without the consent of the counterparty)


latta-

[ˈlɑ̝t̪ːɑ̝-]

From Proto-Finnic *latta-, possibly from Proto-Uralic *lapta.


tykö-

tykö- (nominative singular)
tyköä (partitive singular)
tykö (lative singular)
tykönä (essive singular)
työkse (singular translative)

Originally "at", as can be seen in the postposition tykö. Ultimately from tyvi, although the phonological development is not regular.


maksi-

maksihame

maxi- (denotes a larger than usual version of an item)


kitu-

From the stem of kitua (“to languish, wither”).

kitupuu


vaaka-

Coordinate term: pysty-


myötä-

[ˈmyø̞̯t̪æ-]

myötätunto

myötätuuli

myötäpäivään

myötäeläjä

Used to express favourability, agreeability etc.


jumal-

Combining form of jumala in some compounds.


nauto-

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek ναυτικός (nautikós).