Japan

From Danish Japan, from Dutch Japan, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, literally “sun origin”).


Bulgaria

Bulgaria (indefinite nominative singular)
Bulgariað (definite nominative singular)
Bulgaria (accusative indefinite singular)
Bulgariað (accusative definite singular)
Bulgaria (dative indefinite singular)
Bulgarianum (dative definite singular)
Bulgaria (genitive indefinite singular)
Bulgarians (definite genitive singular)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Namibia

From Haiǁom / Khoekhoe namib (“desert”) + Latinate suffix -ia.


Kiribati

From Gilbertese Kiribati, based on the Gilbertese pronunciation of English Gilberts, a shortening of Gilbert Islands.

Kiribati (A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania)


Angola

Angola (indefinite nominative)
Angola (accusative indefinite)
Angola (dative indefinite)
Angola (genitive indefinite)

From Portuguese (Reino de) Angola (“(kingdom of) Angola”), from Kimbundu ngola (“king's title”).


Slovakia

Slovakia (indefinite nominative)
Slovakia (accusative indefinite)
Slovakia (dative indefinite)
Slovakia (genitive indefinite)


Slovenia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Gambia

From English Gambia, from Mandinka Kambra/Kambaa ("Gambia River").


Nepal

Nepal (indefinite nominative)
Nepal (accusative indefinite)
Nepali (dative indefinite)
Nepals (genitive indefinite)

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


Laos

From French Laos, from Lao ລາວ (lāo, “Lao”).


Pakistan

From Urdu and Persian پاکستان (literally “Land of the Pure”), from پاک (pak, “pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled”) and Persian ـستان (-estân, “-stan”).


Tonga

Tonga (indefinite nominative)
Tonga (accusative indefinite)
Tonga (dative indefinite)
Tonga (genitive indefinite)

From Tongan Tonga, from Samoan toga (“southern”).

Tonga (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Uganda

Uganda (indefinite nominative)
Uganda (accusative indefinite)
Uganda (dative indefinite)
Uganda (genitive indefinite)

From Swahili Buganda (subnational kingdom), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Vanuatu

From Bislama Vanuatu, from Austronesian land (from Proto-Austronesian *banua) + tu (“stand”).

Vanuatu (a country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (indefinite nominative)
Turkmenistan (accusative indefinite)
Turkmenistani (dative indefinite)
Turkmenistans (genitive indefinite)

From Turkmen Türkmenistan, possibly via Russian Туркмениста́н (Turkmenistán).

Туркмениста́н

í úr Turkmenistani

til Turkmenistans

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Iran

Iran (indefinite nominative)
Iran (accusative indefinite)
Irani (dative indefinite)
Irans (genitive indefinite)

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Burkina Faso

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


India

India (indefinite nominative)
India (accusative indefinite)
India (dative indefinite)
India (genitive indefinite)

From Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ἰνδός (Indós, “Indus River”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš) (Persian هند (hend)) from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “a river, stream”).


Benin

Benin (indefinite nominative)
Benin (accusative indefinite)
Benini (dative indefinite)
Benins (genitive indefinite)

From Portuguese Benim, transcription of local corruption of Itsekiri ubinu, from Yoruba ile ibinu (“house of vexation”).

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Sri Lanka

From Sinhalese ශ්රී ලංකාව (śrī laṁkāwa), from Sanskrit श्री (śrī, “holy”) and लंका (laṃkā, “island”).

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Korea

Korea (indefinite nominative)
Korea (accusative indefinite)
Korea (dative indefinite)
Korea (genitive indefinite)


Italia

Italia (indefinite nominative)
Italia (accusative indefinite)
Italia (dative indefinite)
Italia (genitive indefinite)

From Latin Italia (“Italy”), via Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλίᾱ (Ītalíā), from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú) (a name for the southwestern tip of Calabria), meaning "land of bulls" in Oscan. Usually assumed to be a cognate of vitulus (“calf”).


Írland

Írland (indefinite nominative)
Írland (accusative indefinite)
Írlandi (dative indefinite)
Írlands (genitive indefinite)


Estland

Estland (indefinite nominative)
Estland (accusative indefinite)
Estlandi (dative indefinite)
Estlands (genitive indefinite)


Russland

Russland (indefinite nominative)
Russland (accusative indefinite)
Russlandi (dative indefinite)
Russlands (genitive indefinite)

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Irak

Irak (indefinite nominative)
Irak (accusative indefinite)
Iraki (dative indefinite)
Iraks (genitive indefinite)

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Finnland

Finnland (indefinite nominative)
Finnland (accusative indefinite)
Finnlandi (dative indefinite)
Finnlands (genitive indefinite)


Kambodja

From French Cambodge and Portuguese Camboja. Both these words are derived from Middle Khmer Kambuja (Modern Khmer, Kampuchea). Ultimately from Sanskrit काम्बोज (kāmbōja, “a tribe mentioned in Hindu scripture”).


Kanada

Kanada (indefinite nominative)
Kanada (accusative indefinite)
Kanada (dative indefinite)
Kanada (genitive indefinite)

Ultimately from the Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


Afganistan

Afganistan (indefinite nominative)
Afganistan (accusative indefinite)
Afganistan (dative indefinite)
Afganistani (dative indefinite)
Afganistans (genitive indefinite)

From Persian افغان (afğân, “Afghan”) or Arabic اَفْغَان (afḡān, “Afghan”) + Persian ـستان (-estân, “place of”).

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Montenegro

From Venetan Montenegro (“black mountain”), a calque of Serbo-Croatian Cȓnā Gòra.

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Kuba

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Ukraina

From Russian Украи́на (Ukraína) or Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína).

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Meksiko

From Spanish México, from Nahuatl Mēxihco.


Bretland

Bretland (indefinite nominative)
Bretland (accusative indefinite)
Bretlandi (dative indefinite)
Bretlands (genitive indefinite)


Lettland

Lettland (indefinite nominative)
Lettland (accusative indefinite)
Lettlandi (dative indefinite)
Lettlands (genitive indefinite)


Fidji

Ultimately from Fijian Viti Levu (“Great Viti”).

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Spania

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Usbekistan

Usbekistan (indefinite nominative)
Usbekistan (accusative indefinite)
Usbekistani (dative indefinite)
Usbekistans (genitive indefinite)

Borrowed from Russian Узбекиста́н (Uzbekistán), from Uzbek Oʻzbekiston.


Ungarn

Ungarn (indefinite nominative)
Ungarn (accusative indefinite)
Ungarni (dative indefinite)
Ungarns (genitive indefinite)

Ungarn er eitt land í Miðevropa.


Ísland

Ísland (indefinite nominative)
Ísland (accusative indefinite)
Íslandi (dative indefinite)
Íslands (genitive indefinite)

From Old Norse Ísland, from ísur (“ice”) + land (“land, country”).


Egyptaland

Egyptaland (indefinite nominative)
Egyptaland (accusative indefinite)
Egyptalandi (dative indefinite)
Egyptalands (genitive indefinite)

From Old Norse Egiptaland; first part from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos) (already found in the Mycenaean Greek ethnonym 𐁁𐀓𐀠𐀴𐀍 (ai-ku-pi-ti-jo, “Egyptian”)), from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ (literally “The temple of the ka of Ptah”), referring to Ptah’s temple in the important city of Memphis, whose Late Egyptian pronunciation is reflected by Akkadian 𒄭𒆪𒌒𒋫𒀪 (ḫikuptaḫ).

der

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Noreg

Noreg (indefinite nominative)
Noreg (accusative indefinite)
Noregi (dative indefinite)
Noregs (genitive indefinite)

From Old Norse Norðvegr; Norð (“north”) + vegr (“way, road”).

Eg eri úr Noregi.

Norway (a country in Northern Europe; capital and largest city: Oslo)


Pólland

Pólland (indefinite nominative)
Pólland (accusative indefinite)
Póllandi (dative indefinite)
Póllands (genitive indefinite)


Áland

Áland (indefinite nominative)
Áland (accusative indefinite)
Álandi (dative indefinite)
Álands (genitive indefinite)


Svøríki

Svøríki (indefinite nominative)
Svøríki (accusative indefinite)
Svøríki (dative indefinite)
Svøríkis (genitive indefinite)


Noregsland

Noregsland (indefinite nominative)
Noregsland (accusative indefinite)
Noregslandi (dative indefinite)
Noregslands (genitive indefinite)


Ongland

Ongland (indefinite nominative)
Ongland (accusative indefinite)
Onglandi (dative indefinite)
Onglands (genitive indefinite)


Orknoyggjar

From Old Norse Orkneyjar, itself adapted from Pictish.


Føroyar

Føroyar (indefinite nominative)
Føroyar (accusative indefinite)
Føroyum (dative indefinite)
Føroya (genitive indefinite)

The second element oyar is the plural of oy (“island”). The first element is uncertain; possibly from Old Norse fær (“sheep”), or borrowed from Irish fearann (“estate, land”), named by early Irish monks settling the island.


Stórabretland

Stórabretland (indefinite nominative)
Stórabretland (accusative indefinite)
Stórabretlandi (dative indefinite)
Stórabretlands (genitive indefinite)


Sveis

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Frakland

Frakland (indefinite nominative)
Frakland (accusative indefinite)
Fraklandi (dative indefinite)
Fraklands (genitive indefinite)


Kekkia

Ultimately, from Czech Čechy (“Bohemia”).

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Turkaland

Turkaland (indefinite nominative)
Turkaland (accusative indefinite)
Turkalandi (dative indefinite)
Turkalands (genitive indefinite)

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Háland

Háland (indefinite nominative)
Háland (accusative indefinite)
Hálandi (dative indefinite)
Hálands (genitive indefinite)

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Eysturríki

Eysturríkis (genitive)
Eysturríki (indefinite nominative)
Eysturríki (accusative indefinite)
Eysturríki (dative indefinite)
Eysturríkis (genitive indefinite)

eystur (“east”) + ríki (“empire”), from Old Norse [Term?].


Hetland

Hetland (indefinite nominative)
Hetland (accusative indefinite)
Hetlandi (dative indefinite)
Hetlands (genitive indefinite)

From Old Norse Hjaltland, from hjalt (“hilt”) + land (“land”). Doublet of Hjaltland.


Týskland

Týskland (indefinite nominative)
Týskland (accusative indefinite)
Týsklandi (dative indefinite)
Týsklands (genitive indefinite)

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Skotland

Skotland (indefinite nominative)
Skotland (accusative indefinite)
Skotlandi (dative indefinite)
Skotlands (genitive indefinite)


Norðurland

Norðurland (indefinite nominative singular)
Norðurlandið (definite nominative singular)
Norðurlond (indefinite nominative plural)
Norðurlondini (definite nominative plural)
Norðurland (accusative indefinite singular)
Norðurlandið (accusative definite singular)
Norðurlond (accusative indefinite plural)
Norðurlondini (accusative definite plural)
Norðurlandi (dative indefinite singular)
Norðurlandinum (dative definite singular)
Norðurlondum (dative indefinite plural)
Norðurlondunum (dative definite plural)
Norðurlands (genitive indefinite singular)
Norðurlandsins (definite genitive singular)
Norðurlanda (genitive indefinite plural)
Norðurlandanna (definite genitive plural)

pl the Nordic Countries: Áland (Åland), Danmark (Denmark), Finnland (Finland), Føroyar (the Faroes), Grønland (Greenland), Ísland (Iceland), Noreg (Norway) and Svøríki (Sweden).


Kasakstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Norðurírland

Norðurírland (indefinite nominative)
Norðurírland (accusative indefinite)
Norðurírlandi (dative indefinite)
Norðurírlands (genitive indefinite)

/ˈnoːɹʊɹˌʊɹlant/


Nýsæland

Nýsæland (indefinite nominative)
Nýsæland (accusative indefinite)
Nýsælandi (dative indefinite)
Nýsælands (genitive indefinite)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Hvítarussland

Hvítarussland (indefinite nominative)
Hvítarussland (accusative indefinite)
Hvítarusslandi (dative indefinite)
Hvítarusslands (genitive indefinite)

From hvíta (“white”) + Russland (“Russia”), a calque of Belarusian Белару́сь (Bjelarúsʹ). Cognate with Danish Hviderusland, Faroese Hvítarussland, Swedish Vitryssland, Norwegian Bokmål Hviterussland, Norwegian Nynorsk Kviterussland, Icelandic Hvíta-Rússland, German Weißrussland, Dutch Wit-Rusland, Afrikaans Wit-Rusland, English White Russia, Limburgish Wit-Rusland, Alemannic German Wiissrussland, among others.


Danmørk

Danmørk (indefinite nominative)
Danmørk (accusative indefinite)
Danmørk (dative indefinite)
Danmarkar (genitive indefinite)


Kili

Borrowed from Spanish Chile, from Quechua chili (“the end of the world”).


Singapor

From English Singapore, via Malay singa (“lion”) and pura (“city”), from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”) and पुर (pura, “city”).

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Litava

Litava (indefinite nominative)
Litava (accusative indefinite)
Litava (dative indefinite)
Litava (genitive indefinite)


Grikkaland

Grikkaland (indefinite nominative)
Grikkaland (accusative indefinite)
Grikkalandi (dative indefinite)
Grikkalands (genitive indefinite)

grikki (“a Greek person”) + land (“land, country”)


Kjadd

Kjadd (indefinite nominative)
Kjadd (accusative indefinite)
Kjaddi (dative indefinite)
Kjads (genitive indefinite)

Believed to be from Kanuri tsade (“lake”).


Sámoa

Sámoa (indefinite nominative)
Sámoa (accusative indefinite)
Sámoa (dative indefinite)
Sámoa (genitive indefinite)

Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Vjetnam

Vjetnam (indefinite nominative)
Vjetnam (accusative indefinite)
Vjetnami (dative indefinite)
Vjetnams (genitive indefinite)

From Vietnamese Việt Nam, a variation of "Nam Việt" (南越; pinyin: Nányuè; literally Southern Việt).


Tailand

Tailand (indefinite nominative)
Tailand (accusative indefinite)
Tailandi (dative indefinite)
Tailands (genitive indefinite)

From Thai ไทย (tai, “Thailand”), from ไท (tai, “Tai, or 'free' via folk etymology”).


Simbabvi

From Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.


Niðurlond

Niðurlond (indefinite nominative plural)
Niðurlondini (definite nominative plural)
Niðurlond (accusative indefinite plural)
Niðurlondini (accusative definite plural)
Niðurlondum (dative indefinite plural)
Niðurlondunum (dative definite plural)
Niðurlanda (genitive indefinite plural)
Niðurlandanna (definite genitive plural)

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Sýria

From Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría), derived from or cognate to Ἀσσυρίᾱ (Assuríā), itself from Akkadian 𒀭𒊬 (Aššur).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Fidjioyggjar

Fidjioyggjar (indefinite nominative)
Fidjioyggjar (accusative indefinite)
Fidjioyggjum (dative indefinite)
Fidjioyggja (genitive indefinite)

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Eysturtýskland

East Germany (former European country); the German Democratic Republic; (abbreviated DDR)


Avstralia

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Føroyaland

Føroyaland (indefinite nominative)
Føroyaland (accusative indefinite)
Føroyalandi (dative indefinite)
Føroyalands (genitive indefinite)