See ferma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"fermer",
"fermer#French"
],
[
"fermi",
"fermi#Esperanto"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-ā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ā#Proto-Italic:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Latin:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Latin:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Italian:_feminine"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Latin:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Old_Spanish"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Spanish:_feminine"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Esperanto"
],
[
"fermi",
"fermi#Esperanto"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Esperanto"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":affix",
"3": "fermi<t:to close>",
"4": "-a<pos:adjective suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrench fermerder.\nEsperanto fermi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto ferma\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"fermer\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"fermi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"text\" : \"++\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"text\" : \"++\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\", \"pos\" : \"adjective suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"ferma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"ferma\">\nFrom fermi (“to close”) + -a (adjective suffix).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":affix",
"3": "fermi<t:to close>",
"4": "-a<pos:adjective suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrench fermerder.\nEsperanto fermi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto ferma\nFrom fermi (“to close”) + -a (adjective suffix).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nFrench fermerder.\nEsperanto fermi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto ferma\nFrom fermi (“to close”) + -a (adjective suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferman",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferma (accusative singular ferman, plural fermaj, accusative plural fermajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fer‧ma"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fer‧ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fermi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "malferma"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto terms suffixed with -a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "closing ceremony",
"text": "ferma ceremonio",
"translation": "closing ceremony",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "closing speech",
"text": "ferma parolado",
"translation": "closing speech",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"closing (pertaining to the finish or ending of something)"
],
"id": "en-ferma-eo-adj-M3EyBkN-",
"links": [
[
"closing",
"closing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"closed"
],
"id": "en-ferma-eo-adj-w-77WNfE",
"links": [
[
"closed",
"closed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) closed"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fermita"
}
],
"tags": [
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈferma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-erma"
}
],
"word": "ferma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 2-syllable words",
"Esperanto adjectives",
"Esperanto entries with etymology texts",
"Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
"Esperanto entries with etymon",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto terms suffixed with -a",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/erma",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/erma/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"fermer",
"fermer#French"
],
[
"fermi",
"fermi#Esperanto"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-ā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ā#Proto-Italic:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Latin:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Latin:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Italian:_feminine"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Latin:_nominal"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Old_Spanish"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Spanish:_feminine"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Esperanto"
],
[
"fermi",
"fermi#Esperanto"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Esperanto"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":affix",
"3": "fermi<t:to close>",
"4": "-a<pos:adjective suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrench fermerder.\nEsperanto fermi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto ferma\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"fermer\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"fermi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"text\" : \"++\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"text\" : \"++\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\", \"pos\" : \"adjective suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"ferma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"ferma\">\nFrom fermi (“to close”) + -a (adjective suffix).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":affix",
"3": "fermi<t:to close>",
"4": "-a<pos:adjective suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrench fermerder.\nEsperanto fermi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto ferma\nFrom fermi (“to close”) + -a (adjective suffix).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nFrench fermerder.\nEsperanto fermi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -ader.\n▲\nLatin -a\nOld Spanish -a\nSpanish -ader.\nEsperanto -a\nEsperanto ferma\nFrom fermi (“to close”) + -a (adjective suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferman",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fermaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fermajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferma (accusative singular ferman, plural fermaj, accusative plural fermajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fer‧ma"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fer‧ma"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "fermi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "malferma"
}
],
"categories": [
"Esperanto terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "closing ceremony",
"text": "ferma ceremonio",
"translation": "closing ceremony",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "closing speech",
"text": "ferma parolado",
"translation": "closing speech",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"closing (pertaining to the finish or ending of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"closing",
"closing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto proscribed terms"
],
"glosses": [
"closed"
],
"links": [
[
"closed",
"closed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) closed"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fermita"
}
],
"tags": [
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈferma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-erma"
}
],
"word": "ferma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ferma meaning in Esperanto (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Esperanto dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.