Toronto

Toronto (the capital city of Ontario, Canada, and largest city in Canada)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Sarajevo

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Sarajevo, from Ottoman Turkish سرای (saray, “house, mansion, palace”), from Persian سرای (sarây, “inn”).

der

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Jerusalemo

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Milano

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)


Monako

Ultimately from Ancient Greek μόνοικος (mónoikos).


Berlino

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


Antverpeno

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)


Meksiko

From Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco, a place-name referring to the Mēxihcah (Mexica/Aztec peoples).

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Kolombo

Colombo (the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka)


Tokio

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital and largest city of Japan)


Malabo

Holonym: Ekvatora Gvineo

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English

Malabo (the capital city of Equatorial Guinea)


Antananarivo

Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


Vieno

Vienna (the capital city of Austria; state of Austria)


Luksemburgo

Luxembourg (the capital city of Luxembourg)


ĉefurbo

eo-head

ĉefurbo (accusative singular ĉefurbon, plural ĉefurboj, accusative plural ĉefurbojn)

ĉefurbon (accusative singular)
ĉefurboj (plural)
ĉefurbojn (accusative plural)

La ĉefurbo de Francio estas Parizo.

capital, capital city (seat of government); metropolis


Ĝibraltaro

From English Gibraltar, from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, literally “Mountain of Tariq”), who led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania starting in 711.

der

جَبَل طَارِق

Holonym: Unuiĝinta Reĝlando

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)

Tariq ibn Ziyad
Umayyad conquest of Hispania
eo:Ĝibraltaro


Dublino

From English Dublin, from Old Irish dubh (“black”) + linn (“pond”).


Strasburgo

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Berno

From German Bern, French Berne, and Italian Berna.


Parizo

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Novjorko

New York City (a city in the United States)


Pekino

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Malmo

From Swedish Malmö, from Middle Danish Malmoghe or Malmhauge (literally “Ore Hill”), a compound equivalent to present-day malm (“ore”) + høj (“hill”); both elements are of Old Norse, earlier Proto-Germanic, and ultimately Proto-Indo-European origin.


Ĉikago

Borrowed from English Chicago, from French Chécagou, from Miami šikaakwa (“wild leek, ramp; striped skunk”).

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


Amsterdamo

Borrowed from Dutch Amsterdam (from Amstel (“Amstel River”) + dam (“dam”)).

bor

Iun nokton li havis strangan sonĝon. Voĉo diris al li: —Iru al Amsterdamo kaj tie sur la Papen-ponto vi trovos trezoron.

One night he had a strange dream. A voice told him: "Go to Amsterdam and there on top of the Papen-bridge you will find a treasure."

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


Glasgovo

Glasgow (a major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland)


Frankfurto

S-ro Papandreu demisias ; lin anstataŭas s-ro Lukas Papademos, eksa bankisto de la centra banko en Ateno kaj en Frankfurto, kiel ĉefministro de „registaro de nacia unueco”.

2013 January 1, Cédric Durand, Razmig Keucheyan, “Survoje al eŭropa cezarismo”, in Le Monde diplomatique:

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)


Hamburgo

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)


Meksikurbo

Holonym: Meksiko (“Mexico”)


Bruselo

From French Bruxelles, Dutch Brussel, and German Brüssel.


Melburno

Melbourne (the capital and largest city of Victoria, Australia)


Adelajdo

Adelaide (the capital and largest city of South Australia)


Adisabebo

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)


Sidnejo

Sydney (the capital city of New South Wales, Australia, and largest city in Australia)


Kanbero

From English Canberra, from Ngunawal kamberra (“meeting place”).

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Perto

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Perth (the capital and largest city of Western Australia)


Moskvo

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Roterdamo

LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Roterdamo.wav

Rotterdam (a major city and seaport in South Holland, Netherlands)


Bostono

Boston (the capital and largest city of Massachusetts, United States)


Londono

From English London, from Latin Londīnium.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Darvino

Holonyms: Aŭstralio, Norda Teritorio

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

Darwin (the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia)


Luando

Holonym: Angolo


Dubajo

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Venecio

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)


Islamabado

From Urdu اسلام آباد (Islām ābād, literally “City of Islam”).

Holonym: Pakistano

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)


Tehrano

Panoramo de Tehrano nokte


Kopenhago

From German Kopenhagen, Yiddish קאָפּענהאַגען (kopenhagen), English Copenhagen, Polish Kopenhaga, French Copenhague, Italian Copenaghen, all ultimately from Danish København.

der

קאָפּענהאַגען

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Zagrebo

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Barcelono

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Budapeŝto

Holonym: Hungario


Dresdeno

Dresden (the capital city of Saxony, Germany)


Edinburgo

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Taŝkento

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


Jeriko

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Loveno

LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Loveno.wav

Louvain (capital of the Belgian province Flemish Brabant)


Kansasurbo

From Kansaso (“Kansas”) + urbo (“city”).

Holonym: Misurio

Kansas City (the largest city in Missouri, United States)

Kansas City (a city in Kansas, United States)


Montrealo

Borrowed from French Montréal and English Montreal.

Montreal (the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


Vatikano

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Ĉernobilo

Borrowed from Russian Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ), from Ukrainian Чорно́биль (Čornóbylʹ).


Edmontono

Edmonton (the capital city of Alberta, Canada)


Sevilo

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Bejruto

From Arabic بَيْرُوت (bayrūt), ultimately from Phoenician 𐤁𐤓𐤕 (brt).


Vilno

From Polish Wilno, from Lithuanian Vilnius, from vilnis (“wave”). Compare German Wilna, Yiddish ווילנע (vilne).


Kievo

Likely from Russian Киев (Kijev), possibly from declensions of Ukrainian Київ (Kyjiv), many of which start with Києв- (Kyjev-).


Ankaro

Holonym: Turkio


Bjalistoko

Borrowed from Polish Białystok, from biały (“white”) + stok (“slope”).


Helsinko

From Finnish Helsinki, from Swedish Helsingfors.


Kazablanko

Casablanca (the capital city of the region of Casablanca-Settat, Morocco)


Rabato

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


Diĵono

Dijon (capital of the Côte-d'Or department and of the Burgundy region)


Rio-de-Ĵanejro

Rio de Janeiro (a municipality, the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)


Aŝgabato

Ashgabat (the capital city of Turkmenistan)


Ajuno

From Spanish El Aaiún, from Arabic اَلْعُيُون (al-ʕuyūn, “the springs”).

El Aaiún (the capital city of Western Sahara)


Asmaro

From Tigrinya ኣስመራ (ʾasmära, “the four made them unite”).


Avaruo

Avarua (a town, the capital city of the Cook Islands)


Adamstaŭno

Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands#English

Adamstown (the capital city of the Pitcairn Islands)


Asunciono

From Spanish Asunción (“assumption (of the Virgin Mary to Heaven)”).


Andoro Malnova

From Catalan Andorra la Vella (“Andorra the Old”).

der

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Abu-Dabio

From Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby, “father of the gazelle”).

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Bandar-Seri-Begavano

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


Alĝero

From French Alger, from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”), plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”), referring to the several small islands that once existed in the Bay of Algiers.

اَلْجَزَائِر


Banĵulo

From English Banjul, from Mandinka ߓߊ߲߬ߖߎߟ.


Bangio

Holonym: Centr-Afrika Respubliko

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

Bangui (the capital city of the Central African Republic)


Suda Taravo

eo-head

Suda Taravo (accusative singular Sudan Taravon, plural Sudaj Taravoj, accusative plural Sudajn Taravojn)

Sudan Taravon (accusative singular)
Sudaj Taravoj (plural)
Sudajn Taravojn (accusative plural)

South Tarawa (the capital city of Kiribati)


Bastero

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Basseterre (the capital city of Saint Kitts and Nevis)


Biŝkeko

Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)


Braziljo

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Brazavilo

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Brazzaville (the capital city of the Republic of the Congo)


Bonaero

bona + aero, a calque of Spanish Buenos Aires.

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Belfasto

From English Belfast, from Irish Béal Feirste (“mouth of the sandbanks”).

der

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Belfast (the capital city of Northern Ireland)


Bankoko

Ultimately from Thai บางกอก (baang-gɔ̀ɔk).


Briĝtaŭno

Bridgetown (the capital city of Barbados)


Buĵumburo

Holonym: Burundo


Ĉarlotamalio

Charlotte Amalie
Charlotte Amalie#English

United States Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands#English

Charlotte Amalie (the capital city of the United States Virgin Islands)


Dakaro

Holonym: Senegalo


Ĝibuto

bor

Arabic جِيبُوتِي (jībūtī)


Daŭho

From Arabic اَلدَّوْحَة (ad-dawḥa, literally “the big tree”), dialectally pronounced ad-dōḥa.


Duŝanbeo

From Tajik душанбе (dušanbe, “Monday”). Cognate with Persian دوشنبه (došanbe), from دو (do) + شنبه (šanbe), meaning the second day after Saturday.

Holonyms: Taĝikio, Taĝikistano, Taĝikujo

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


Dodomao

From Gogo Dodoma (literally “it has sunk”).


Fritaŭno

Freetown (the capital city of Sierra leone)


Gustavio

Saint Barthélemy
Saint Barthélemy#English

Gustavia (the capital city of the overseas collectivity of Saint Barthélemy, France)


Gvatemalurbo

Calque of Spanish Ciudad de Guatemala (literally “City of Guatemala”), formed from Gvatemalo + urbo.

cal

Holonym: Gvatemalo (“Guatemala”)

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


Gaberono

Holonym: Bocvano


Hanojo

From Vietnamese Hà Nội, which is a Sino-Vietnamese word 河內 (literally “between rivers”).


Denvero

Denver (the capital city of Colorado, United States)


Atlanto

Atlanta (the capital city of Georgia, United States)


Bojsio

Boise (the capital city of Idaho, United States)


Aŭstino

Holonym: Teksaso

Austin (the capital city of Texas, United States)


Sallaga Urbo

eo-proper noun

Sallaga Urbo (accusative Sallagan Urbon)

Calque of English Salt Lake City, from salo (“salt”) + lago (“lake”) + urbo (“city”).

af

Holonym: Utaho (“Utah”)

Salt Lake City (the capital and largest city of Utah, United States)


Harareo

From English Harare, from Shona [Term?].

Holonym: Zimbabvo


Hargejso

Probably from English Hargeisa, from Arabic هَرْجِيسَا (harjīsā, literally “little Harar”).

der

Hargeisa (the capital city of Somaliland)


Honiaro

Holonym: Salomonoj

Honiara (the capital city of the Solomon Islands)


Jamusukro

Yamoussoukro (the capital city of Ivory Coast)


Jaundeo

Holonym: Kameruno


Ĵamestaŭno

Jamestown (the capital city of Saint Helena)


Kokburno

Turks and Caicos Islands
Turks and Caicos Islands#English

Cockburn Town (the capital city of the Turks and Caicos Islands)


Katmando

Nepali काठमाडौं (kāṭhmāḍa͠u)

Holonym: Nepalo


Kampalo

Borrowed from English Kampala, a shortening of Luganda Akasozi ke'Empala, itself a translation of "The Hill of the Impala", a name given by British colonial officers to what is now Kampala Hill.


Katmanduo

Nepali काठमाडौं (kāṭhmāḍa͠u)

Holonym: Nepalo


Kinŝaso

Holonym: Demokratia Respubliko Kongo

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Kuala-Lumpuro

Holonym: Malajzio

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)


Kingstaŭno

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Kingstown (the capital city of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)


Ĥartumo

Either from Arabic خَرْطُوم (ḵarṭūm, “elephant's trunk”) or قُرْطُم (qurṭum, “safflower”).


Kingstono

Kingston (the capital city of Norfolk Island)


Kuvajturbo

Holonym: Kuvajto (“Kuwait”)

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait)


Librevilo

Holonym: Gabono


La-Pazo

From Spanish La Paz (literally “the Peace”).


La-Valo

The Valley (a town, the capital city of Anguilla)


Lomeo

Holonym: Togolando


Lilongvo

Lilongwe (a city, the capital city of Malawi)


Manamo

اَلْمَنَامَة


Mamudzo

Mamoudzou (the capital city of the overseas department of the Mayotte, France)


Manilo

Holonym: Filipinoj

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


Mogadiŝo

Probably from English Mogadishu, from Somali Muqdishu, from Persian مقعد شاه (“Maq’ad-i-šah”, literally “the seat of the Shah”).

Holonym: Somalio


Singapuro

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Marsejlo

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Ŝikago

Alternative form of Ĉikago (“Chicago”), a large city in Illinois, United States


Ŝanĥajo

From Mandarin 上海 (Shànghǎi, literally “Upon-the-Sea”).

bor

(dated) Shanghai (a municipality, the largest city in China)


Ŝanhajo

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


San-Francisko

San Francisco (a city in the United States)


Bulonjo-sur-Maro

Boulogne-sur-Mer, location of the first World Congress of Esperanto


Nurenbergo

Alternative form of Nurnbergo (“Nuremberg”), a major city in Bavaria, Germany


Nurnbergo

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


Prago

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Vaŝingtono

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Munkeno

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Kolonjo

From French Cologne, from Latin Colōnia Agrippīna (“Agrippine Colony”). Doublet of kolonio.

der

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Hago

Direct origin unclear. Ultimately from Dutch Den Haag.

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Aŭgsburgo

Augsburg (a city in Bavaria, in southern Germany)


Rejkjaviko

Reykjavík (the capital and largest city of Iceland)


Lucerno

Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)


Vankuvero

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Vancouver (a seaport, the largest city in British Columbia, Canada)

Vancouver (a city, the county seat of Clark County, Washington, United States)


Portlando

Portland (the largest city in Oregon, United States)

Portland (the largest city in Maine, United States)


Florenco

Florence (the capital city of Tuscany, Italy)


Valencio

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Jokohamo

Borrowed from Japanese 横(よこ)浜(はま) (Yokohama).

Yokohama (the capital and largest city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


Lillo

French Lille (see there for more), from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), ultimately from Latin īnsula (“island”).

Lille (the capital city of the Nord department, France; capital city of the region of Hauts-de-France)


Kembriĝo

LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Kembriĝo.wav

Phonological borrowing of English Cambridge, from Old English Grante bryċġ, Granta-briċġ, Grantanbryċġ (“Granta-bridge”), of mixed Celtic and Germanic origin.

Middlesex County
Middlesex County#English

Cambridge (a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States)


Nimego

LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Nimego.wav


Zuriko

Zurich (the capital city of Zurich canton, Switzerland)


Korko

Borrowed from English Cork, from Irish Corcaigh.


Almato

Almaty (largest city and former capital of Kazakhstan)


Badaĥozo

“Badaĥozo atendas vin! [Badajoz is waiting for you!]”, in Kontakto [Contact] (in Esperanto), number 1, Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 2018 January, →ISSN, page 22 of 24: “Kial ĉi tiu urbo tiom multe deziras renkonti vin? Simple ĉar Badaĥozo havos la honoron gastigi la 74-an IJK-n de TEJO inter la 4-a kaj la 11-a de aŭgusto 2018.”

Badajoz (a city, the provincial capital of Badajoz, Spain)


Teherano

Panoramo de Teherano nokte


Bruĝo

Borrowed from French Bruges, from Old French, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ; + -o.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Marakeŝo

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Ĝenovo

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)


San-Paŭlo

São Paulo (a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil)


Gento

Ghent, capital city of the province of East Flanders, Belgium.


Viĥeno

LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Viĥeno.wav


Utreĥto

Utrecht (a city and capital of Utrecht, Netherlands)


Groningo

From Dutch Groningen and/or French Groningue.

La ŝtlatministro^([sic – meaning ŝtatministro]) Panhuis dronas apud Groningo.

1907 November 27, “Tutmonda Kroniko”, in Esperanto, number 20, Universala Esperanto-Asocio, page 3:

The state minister Panhuis drowns near Groningen.

Estis insulanoj de Texel, Schiermonnikoog kaj Wieringen, loĝantoj el Amsterdamo, Alkmaro, Arnhemo, Apeldorno, Horno, Groningo, kaj neforgesu^([sic – meaning ne forgesu]) West-Graftdijk.

1932 November 15, Nieuwe Apeldoornsche courant, page 11:

There were islanders from Texel, Schiermonnikoog and Wieringen, residents from Amsterdam, Alkmaar, Arnhem, Apeldoorn, Hoorn, Groningen, and don't forget West-Graftdijk.

Bob Venhuizen (naskighis la 9-an de aprilo 1957 en Groningo, mortis la 26-an de septembro 2020 en Roterdamo) estis nederlanda esperantisto.

2021 January 5, “Forpasoj”, in Esperanto, number 1353, Universala Esperanto-Asocio, page 23:

Bob Venhuizen (born 9 April 1957 in Groningen, died 26 September 2020 in Rotterdam) was a Dutch Esperantist.

Groningen (a city and capital of Groningen, Netherlands).


Rasalĥajmo

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Ras al-Khaimah (the capital city of Ras al-Khaimah emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Akeno

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Priŝtino

Pristina (the capital and largest city of Kosovo)


Adis-Abebo

Derived from Amharic አዲስ አበባ (ʾädis ʾäbäba, “new flower”).

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)


Portoprinco

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


Paŭtuketo

From English Pawtucket, from Narragansett pautokot ("at the river's falls").

Holonym: Rod-Insulo (“Rhode Island”)

Pawtucket (a city in Rhode Island, United States)


Klevlando

Holonym: Ohio

Cleveland (a city in Ohio, United States)


Providenco

Borrowed from English Providence, from providence (“protective care of God or nature”), ultimately from Latin prōvidentia (“precaution, foresight”).

Providence (the capital city of Rhode Island, United States)


Detrojto

From English Detroit, from French détroit (“strait”).

Holonym: Miĉigano (“Michigan”)

Detroit (the capital city of Michigan, United States)


Tajpeo

zh-l

臺北／台北 (Táiběi)


Honoluluo

From Hawaiian Honolulu, from hono (“bay, harbor”) + lulu (“shelter”).

Honolulu (capital and largest city of Hawaii, United States)


Napolo

From Italian Napoli, from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polis, literally “new city”).

der

Naples (a province and city in Campania, Italy)


Nejŝaburo

Borrowed from Persian نیشابور (neyšâbur).


Maldeno

From English Malden, Maldon, from Old English Mældūn, from mǣl (“cross, monument, sign”) + dūn (“hill, mountain”).

Malden (a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States)


Galivo

Galway (the capital city of County Galway, Ireland)


Groningeno

La ligon kreis Fred de Geus, juna programisto de la malsanulejo en Groningeno, Nederlando.

The league was made by Fred de Geus, a young programmer from the hospital in Groningen, the Netherlands.

Ĉar ŝi decidis ne reveturi al Groningeno laŭ la sama vojo, la hejmenveturado iĝis interesa aventuro.

Because she decided not to drive back to Groningen along the same route, the drive home became an interesting adventure.

ŝi iniciatis ke estu voĉlegado kaj trovis helpon el la Groningena grupo [urbo el Nederlando].

2018, S. Besenyei-Merger, “Rob Moerbeek - La provleganto de Esperantujo”, in Kontakto, number 285:

She initiated there to be a reading and found help from the group from Groningen [a city from the Netherlands].


Vaŝintono

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Mumbajo

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


Bejĝingo

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)