star

Sranan Tongo: stari
Aukan: sitali

→ Finnish: stara

→ French: star

→ German: Star

→ Italian: star

→ Swahili: staa

From Middle English sterre, from Old English steorra (“star”), from Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Doublet of aster, stella, étoile, and estoile.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots starn, ster, North Frisian steer, West Frisian stjer, Saterland Frisian Stiern, Dutch ster, Luxembourgish Stär, German Stern, Yiddish שטערן (shtern), Vilamovian śtaom, Swedish stjärna, Norwegian stjerne, Icelandic stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), Spanish estrella, Portuguese estrela, French étoile, Italian stella, Romanian stea, Occitan estela, Venetan stéła, Sicilian stidda, Sardinian isteddu, Mirandese streilha, Walloon sitoele, Romansch staila, Megleno-Romanian steau̯ă, Istriot stila, Istro-Romanian ste, Latin stēlla, Greek αστέρι (astéri), Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr), Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre), Tajik ситора (sitora), Pashto ستوری (storay), Mazanderani اساره (ëssâre), Northern Kurdish stêr, Central Kurdish ئەستێرە (estêre), Zazaki astare, Ossetian стъалы (st’aly), Hindi तारा (tārā), Urdu تارا (tārā), Punjabi ਤਾਰਾ (tārā), Gujarati તારો (tāro), Sanskrit तारा (tārā).

аеҵǝа

a celestial body appearing as a point of light on the clear night sky, whose position is relatively fixed with respect to each other

single point of failure
single point of failure

(networking) A network topology with multiple computers individually merging to one central switch, thus free of risk of collisions. A single point of failure can occur if the switch experiences corruption.


LDP

Label Distribution Protocol
w:Label Distribution Protocol

(networking) Initialism of Label Distribution Protocol.


port

Inherited from the Old English port, from the Latin porta (“passage, gate”), reinforced by the Old French porte. Doublet of porta.

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(also networking) A number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service.


wireless

en-noun

wireless (usually uncountable, plural (dated) wirelesses)

If your wireless stops working, try restarting the router.

(uncountable, networking) Wireless connectivity to a computer network.

безжично свързване

wireless connectivity to a computer network


access

access (countable and uncountable, plural accesses)

From Middle English accesse, acces, borrowed from Middle French acces (“attack, onslaught”) or from its source Latin accessus, perfect passive participle of accēdō (“approach; accede”), from ad (“to, toward, at”) + cēdō (“move, yield”). Doublet of accessus. First attested in the early 14th century. The sense "entrance" was first attested about 1380.

der

(uncountable, networking) Connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.

toegang

communication with a computer program or the Internet


PVC

en-noun

PVC (countable and uncountable, plural PVCs)

(networking) Initialism of permanent virtual circuit.


HTTP

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol with the lightness and speed necessary for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.

1996 May, T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, H. Frystyk, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.0”, in RFC Editor, →ISSN, RFC 1945:

Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Hypertext Transfer Protocol#English

(Internet, networking) Initialism of Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the protocol used most commonly to transfer Web pages and accompanying data over the Internet.


ad hoc

en-adj

ad hoc (comparative more ad hoc, superlative most ad hoc)

more ad hoc (comparative)
most ad hoc (superlative)
ad-hoc (alternative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin ad hoc (“to this, for this”).

lbor

An ad hoc network is a group of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. The applications for ad hoc networks have grown tremendously with the increase in the use of wireless sensor networks.

2007 April 23, Jagannathan Sarangapani, Wireless Ad hoc and Sensor Networks: Protocols, Performance, and Control, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 233:

(networking) Independent of previously instated network structure, like routers or access points.


bridge

bridges (plural)
bridg (alternative obsolete)
brigge (alternative)

From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.

ацҳа

construction or natural feature that spans a divide

if someone told you to jump off a bridge, would you do it

The LAN bridge uses a spanning tree algorithm.

(networking) A system which connects two or more local area networks at layer 2 of OSI model.


ring

→ French: ring
→ Romanian: ring

→ Hungarian: ring

→ Italian: ring

→ Japanese: リング

→ Polish: ring

→ Serbo-Croatian: ring

→ Spanish: ring

→ Turkish: ring

From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.
Cognates
* West Frisian ring
* Low German Ring
* Dutch ring
* German Ring
* Swedish ring
* Finnish rengas
More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (whence Bulgarian кръг (krǎg), Polish krąg, Russian круг (krug)).

(networking) A network topology where connected devices form a circular data channel. All computers on the ring can see every message, and there are no collisions, and a single point of failure will occur if any part of the ring breaks.


CD

en-noun

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

سِي دِي

abbreviation of compact disc — see also compact disc

collision detection
collision detection#English

(networking) Initialism of collision detection.


ping

Partly onomatopoeic, and partly continuing Middle English pingen (“to push, shove, pierce, stab, prod, goad, urge, feel remorse, incite”), from Old English pyngan (“to prick”), in turn likely from pungere. Compare English pang.

inh

The network is overloaded from all the pings going out.

(networking) A packet which a remote host is expected to echo, thus indicating its presence.

ping

a packet which a remote host is expected to echo

2000 April 4, CaPRubberchecks, “Low-Ping servers...YIKES!”, in alt.games.starsiege.tribes (Usenet):

"You low ping c**t, you only win cos of your ping!"
> > And other such insights into why I was winning.

2000 November 8, the_mad...@my-deja.com, “HL DM with a low ping.......”, in alt.games.half-life (Usenet):

2001 August 2, Asha, “high ping in cs low ping outside cs??”, in alt.games.half-life.counterstrike (Usenet):

Your best bet to negate lag is to go to a server using the zero ping mutator. This will compensate for your high ping when using a pistol, sniper or […]

2002 June 24, drip, “Bandwidth - Lagtime”, in alt.games.unreal.tournament (Usenet):


ping

en-verb

ping (third-person singular simple present pings, present participle pinging, simple past pinged or (nonstandard) pang, past participle pinged or (nonstandard) pung)

pings (present singular third-person)
pinging (participle present)
pinged (past)
pang (nonstandard past)
pinged (participle past)
pung (nonstandard participle past)

I'm pinging their server.

The server pings its affiliates periodically.

Just because you cannot ping a server or telnet to it does not mean that the server is down or inaccessible.

2008, Allan Reid, Jim Lorenz, Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP, Cisco Press, →ISBN:

(networking) To send a packet in order to determine whether a host is present, particularly by use of the ping utility.

pinguejar

to send a packet in order to determine whether a host is present


bus

buses (plural)
busses (plural)
'bus (alternative archaic)

→ Arabic: بَاص (bāṣ)

⇒ Burmese: ဘတ်စ်ကား (bhatcka:)

→ Cantonese: 巴士

→ Mandarin: 巴士 (bāshì)

→ German: Bus m

→ Hindi: बस (bas)

→ Irish: bus

desctree

→ Japanese: バス (basu)
→ Hakka: 巴士 (pa-sṳ́)
→ Hokkien: 巴士 (bá-suh)
→ Kavalan: basu
→ Sakizaya: basu

→ Korean: 버스 (beoseu)

→ Kurtöp: བས (bas)

→ Malay: bas

→ Pashto: بس

⇒ Sanskrit: बसयान (basayāna)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bus

→ Thai: บัส (bát)

→ Tibetan: འབའ་སེ ('ba' se)

→ Urdu: بس

→ Welsh: bws

Clipping of omnibus. Superseded earlier 'bus, where the apostrophe indicated a clipping. The shift in spelling likely reflects the fact that modern speakers no longer perceive this term as a clipping. The electrical sense is derived from figurative application of the automotive sense.

(networking) A network topology with each computer connected to a single cable.


switch

→ Gulf Arabic: سويچ (swīč)

→ German: Switch

Perhaps from Middle Dutch swijch (“twig”), first attested in c. 1592. The mechanical device for altering the direction of something sense is first attested in c. 1797, pertaining to pivoted rails on minecart railways, which were once wooden.

камута́тар

system allowing the interconnection of telephone lines

(computing, networking) A networking device connecting multiple wires, allowing them to communicate simultaneously, when possible. Compare to the less efficient hub device that solely duplicates network packets to each wire.


LLC

(computer networking) Initialism of Logical Link Control, one of the two functions of a NIC.


request

requests (plural)
requeste (alternative obsolete)

→ Dutch: request

→ Japanese: リクエスト (rikuesuto)

→ Korean: 리퀘스트 (rikweseuteu)

From Middle English request, from Old French requeste (French requête), from Vulgar Latin *requaesita, from Latin requīsīta, feminine of requīsītus (“requested, demanded”), past participle of requīrō (“require, ask”), composed of re- + quaerō (“I seek, look for”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Italic *kʷaizeō, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂- (“to acquire”). Compare to French requérir.

der

The server returned a 404 error to the HTTP request.

(networking) A message sent over a network to a server.


trailer

→ Armenian: թրեյլեր (tʻreyler)

→ Czech: trailer

→ Danish: trailer

→ Dutch: trailer

→ Indonesian: trailer

→ Estonian: treiler

→ Finnish: traileri

→ Galician: tráiler

desc

→ Georgian: თრეილერი (treileri), ტრეილერი (ṭreileri)

→ German: Trailer

→ Greek: τρέιλερ (tréiler)

→ Japanese: トレーラー (torērā)

→ Korean: 예고편 (yegopyeon)

→ Malay: treler

→ Polish: trailer

→ Portuguese: trailer

→ Romanian: treiler

→ Russian: тре́йлер (tréjler)

→ Spanish: tráiler, trailer

→ Swahili: trela

→ Swedish: trailer

From trail + -er. The film sense derives from the fact that previews were formerly shown after the main feature, rather than before as is usual today.

תווית סוף

in computing: value used to signal the end of a list of data

The encapsulation layer adds an eight-byte header and a two-byte trailer to each packet.

(networking) The last part of a packet, often containing a check sequence.

aanhangwagen

in networking: the last part of a packet, often containing a check sequence


envelope

PIE word
 *h₁én
From French enveloppe. The engineering sense is derived from flight envelope. The verb is from the noun.

(networking) The information used for routing a message that is transmitted with the message but not part of its contents.

kirjekuori

computing: routing information of an email


conversation

en-noun

conversation (countable and uncountable, plural conversations)

[ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

[ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩]

From Middle English conversacioun, from Old French conversacion and its etymon, Latin conversātiōnem, accusative singular of conversātiō (“conversation”), from conversor (“abide, keep company with”). Doublet of conversazione.
Morphologically converse + -ation.

(computing, networking) The protocol-based interaction between systems processing a transaction.


hop

From Middle English hoppen, from Old English hoppian (“to hop, spring, leap, dance”), from Proto-West Germanic *huppōn, from Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to hop”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend, bow”).
Cognate with Dutch hoppen (“to hop”), German hopfen, hoppen (“to hop”), Swedish hoppa (“to hop, leap, jump”), Icelandic hoppa (“to hop, skip”).

der

(networking) The sending of a data packet from one host to an adjacent host as part of its overall journey.

hyppy

sending of a data packet from one host to another as part of its overall journey


IP

IP address

Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol#English

(Internet, networking) Initialism of Internet Protocol.


pong

From ping, via the pairing of ping pong.

(networking) A packet sent in reply to a ping, thereby indicating the presence of a host.


sock

(computing, networking) Abbreviation of socket.


supplicant

From Latin supplicans (“supplicating, bowing down”), from supplicō (“kneel, bow down, request”), from sub- (“lower”) + plicō (“fold”).

(networking) A device attempting to authenticate itself to an 802.11 network.


Wi-Fi

en-noun

Wi-Fi (countable and uncountable, plural Wi-Fis)

Wi-Fis (plural)
wi-fi (alternative)
wifi (alternative)
WiFi (alternative)

Coined in analogy to Hi-Fi as a trade name developed for the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (later Wi-Fi Alliance).
Often analyzed as a shortened form of wireless fidelity (similar to how hi-fi is short for high fidelity); this is possibly due to the former slogan of the aforementioned Wi-Fi Alliance, The Standard for Wireless Fidelity.

وَاي فَاي

computing: wireless data communication standard

(networking, uncountable) Any of several standards for short-range wireless data transmission (IEEE 802.11).

Mimi gave Fifi access to her Wi-Fi.

This coffee shop has Wi-Fi for its customers.

He asked me if I knew the Wi-Fi password.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 13:

(networking, uncountable) Wireless networking using one of these standards.


aggregation

aggregation (countable and uncountable, plural aggregations)

/æɡɹəˈɡeɪʃən/

From Latin aggregātiō, from aggregō (“aggregate”).

(networking) Summarizing multiple routes into one route.

聚合

summarizing multiple routes into one route


LAN

/ˌɛl ˌeɪ ˈɛn/

Audio (US)

Audio (US)

A LAN connects all of the computers in our office.

local area network
local area network#English:_Q11381

(networking) Acronym of local area network.


frame

→ Korean: 프레임 (peureim)

→ Swahili: fremu

From Middle English frame (“profit, benefit, advantage; a structure composed according to a plan”), from the verb (above) and also from Old Norse frami (“advantage, fame, bravery, efficiency, privilege, honor”); and frame (“a framework or structure of any kind”) which is of uncertain origin. The latter is usually regarded as a derivative of former; however, compare the rare Anglo-Norman and Old French frame, fraine (“frame, framework”), itself of uncertain origin, which might be a borrowing from the English, from the Norse, or even possibly ultimately from Frankish *hramu (“frame”) related to Dutch raam (“window frame”).

der

(networking) An independent chunk of data sent over a network.


acknowledgment

en-noun

acknowledgment (countable and uncountable, plural acknowledgments)

acknowledgments (plural)
acknowledgement (alternative)

(telecommunications, computing, networking) A response (ACK) sent by a receiver to indicate successful receipt of a transmission (See Wikipedia article on transmission).

ontvangstbevestiging

indication of a successful receipt of a transmission


WAN

Message latency is much more of an issue on a WAN than on a LAN.

wide area network
wide area network#English:_Q11384

(networking) Acronym of wide area network.


layer

Appears at first glance to be from Middle English leyer, leyare (“a layer of stones or bricks”), equivalent to lay + -er. In which case, ultimately identical to etymology 2 below. For the pronunciation compare prayer.
However, this word layer (referring to a thickness of a material covering a surface) has also been argued to be from a respelling of an obsolete sense of the word lair that was once used by farmers, which had to do with soil. The connecting sense between the usual meaning of lair and the specialised farming meaning was: an area where cows typically rest, the ground being fertilised by their waste. Related to lie, ledger.

пцум

single thickness of some material covering a surface

(networking) One of the seven network switch pieces in the Open Systems Interconnection model: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical.


redundant

en-adj

redundant (comparative more redundant, superlative most redundant)

more redundant (comparative)
most redundant (superlative)

From Latin redundāns, present participle of redundō (“to overflow, redound”), from red- (“again, back”) + undō (“to surge, flood”), from unda (“a wave”).

(networking, of topology) Containing duplicate pathways to send a message.


NGN

next generation networking
next generation networking#English

(networking) Initialism of next generation networking.


hub

From earlier hubbe, which has the same immediate origin as hob. Hub was originally a dialectal word; its ultimate origin is unknown. Compare German Hubbel (“bump on a surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hubil (“bump, hill”) (which contains a diminutive suffix *-il); compare English hive, or perhaps ultimately from the same root as hip or hop.

cog

(networking) A computer networking device connecting several Ethernet ports. See switch.


encapsulation

en-noun

encapsulation (countable and uncountable, plural encapsulations)

(networking) The process of arranging data into packets that can be transmitted using a given protocol.


mesh

From Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).
Akin to Old High German māsca (“mesh”), Old Saxon maska (“net”), Old Norse mǫskvi, mǫskun (“mesh”).

der

single points of failure
single point of failure

(networking) A network topology with each device connected to multiple other devices in lieu of a central switch. Redundancy on a mesh network prevents single points of failure.


node

→ Irish: nód

From Middle English node, borrowed from Latin nōdus. Doublet of knot, knout, and nodus.

(networking) A computer or other device attached to a network.


stack

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stack.wav

From Middle English stack, stacke, stakke, stak, from Old Norse stakkr (“a barn; haystack; heap; pile”), from Proto-Germanic *stakkaz (“a barn; rick; haystack”).
The data structure sense is a calque of Dutch stapel, introduced by Edsger W. Dijkstra. Cognate with Icelandic stakkur (“stack”), Swedish stack (“stack”), Danish stak (“stack”), Norwegian stakk (“stack”). Related to stake and sauna.

A TCP/IP stack is a library or set of libraries or of OS drivers that take care of networking.

(networking) An implementation of a protocol suite (set of protocols forming a layered architecture).


electronic mail

en-noun

electronic mail (countable and uncountable, plural electronic mails)

Electronic mail is the single most visible application of distributed computing today.

1992, Sara Radicati, Electronic Mail: An Introduction to the X.400 Message Handling Standards, McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 1:

[…] the impossibility of representing such noises [‘mumble’, ‘sigh’, and ‘groan’] on a comm link or in electronic mail […]

1996, Raymond, Eric S., Steele, Guy L., editors, The New Hacker's Dictionary, 3 edition, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 13:

(uncountable, networking) Email (the system).


UDP

Such an interface would also allow the UDP to pass a full internet datagram complete with header to the IP to send.

1980 August 28, Jon Postel, “User Datagram Protocol”, in RFC Editor, →ISSN, RFC 768:

User Datagram Protocol
User Datagram Protocol#English

(networking) Initialism of User Datagram Protocol.


tunnel

→ Afrikaans: tonnel

→ Armenian: թունել (tʻunel)

→ Czech: tunel

→ Danish: tunnel

→ Dutch: tunnel

→ Finnish: tunneli

desctree

→ French: tunnel
Haitian Creole: tinèl
→ Armenian: թիւնէլ (tʻiwnēl)
→ Ottoman Turkish: تونل (tünel), طونل (tünel)
Turkish: tünel
→ Romanian: tunel

→ German: Tunnel

→ Greek: τούνελ (toúnel)

→ Italian: tunnel

→ Japanese: トンネル

→ Korean: 터널 (teoneol)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tunnel, tunell

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tunnel, tunell

→ Polish: tunel

→ Portuguese: túnel

→ Russian: тунне́ль (tunnélʹ)

→ Kazakh: түнел (tünel)

→ Scottish Gaelic: tunail

→ Serbo-Croatian: tùnēl

→ Spanish: túnel

→ Swedish: tunnel

→ Uzbek: tunnel

From Middle French tonnelle (“net”) or tonel (“cask”), diminutive of Old French tonne (“cask”), a word of uncertain origin and affiliation. Related to Old English tunne (“tun; cask; barrel”). More at tun.

(computing, networking) A wrapper for a protocol that cannot otherwise be used because it is unsupported, blocked, or insecure.


tunnel

en-verb

tunnel (third-person singular simple present tunnels, present participle (UK) tunnelling or (US) tunneling, simple past and past participle (UK) tunnelled or (US) tunneled)

tunnels (present singular third-person)
tunnelling (UK participle present)
tunneling (US participle present)
tunnelled (UK participle past)
tunnelled (UK past)
tunneled (US participle past)
tunneled (US past)

(computing, networking) To transmit something through a tunnel (wrapper for an insecure or unsupported protocol).


SDP

Session Description Protocol
w:Session Description Protocol

(networking) Initialism of Session Description Protocol.


SDP

en-noun

SDP (countable and uncountable, plural SDPs)

(networking) Initialism of service discovery protocol.


zone

→ Korean: 존 (jon)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ੋਨ (zon)

From Latin zōna, from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē, “girdle, belt”).

der

(networking) That collection of a domain's DNS resource records, the domain and its subdomains, that are not delegated to another authority.

зо́на

networking: that collection of a domain's DNS resource records that are not delegated to another authority

(networking, dated) A logical group of network devices on AppleTalk (an obsolete networking protocol).

zona

computing: logical group of network devices on AppleTalk

по́яс

religion: belt worn by priests in the Greek Orthodox church


proxy

en-verb

proxy (third-person singular simple present proxies, present participle proxying, simple past and past participle proxied)

proxies (present singular third-person)
proxying (participle present)
proxied (participle past)
proxied (past)

Inherited from Middle English procusie, contraction of procuracie, from Anglo-Norman procuracie, from Medieval Latin procuratia, from Latin prōcūrātiō, from Latin prōcūrō (“I manage, administer”) (English procure). Compare proctor.

(networking) To function as a server for a client device, but pass on the requests to another server for service.


flit

Short for flow control unit or flow control digit.

header flit

(networking) A flow control unit or flow control digit.


NAT

en-noun

NAT (countable and uncountable, plural NATs)

(networking) Acronym of network address translation (“network address rewriting”).

(networking) Acronym of network address translator (“device that implements that network function; a NAT firewall”).


promiscuous

en-adj

promiscuous (comparative more promiscuous, superlative most promiscuous)

more promiscuous (comparative)
most promiscuous (superlative)

→ German: promiskuos

From Latin prōmiscuus (“mixed, not separated”), from prō (“forth”) + misceō (“mix”).

bor

(networking) The mode in which an NIC gathers all network traffic instead of getting only the traffic intended for it.

erottelematon

networking: the mode in which an NIC gathers all network traffic


kilobyte

Coined in the 1960s, from kilo- (“thousand”) + byte.

The data word processor 606 handles the in-flow and out-flow of byte-oriented input/output data and interleaved signals at a rate of, for example, 500 kilobytes per second. Instruction processing rates of four to eight per microsecond are required for such a data flow.

1969, Harold R. Dell, HIGH-DENSITY PERMANENT DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, US Patent 3638185:

(computing, especially networking) One thousand (10³, or 1,000) bytes.


runt

The OED classifies this word as "of obscure origin". Some see a connection to Middle Dutch runt (“ox”), but the OED considers this to be unlikely.

unk

obscure

(networking) An Ethernet packet that does not meet the medium's minimum packet size of 64 bytes.


/ˌtiː ˈθɹiː/

(networking) A proprietary network protocol.

(networking) A network backbone connection equivalent to 28 T1 lines, typically fiber optic.


bandwidth

en-noun

bandwidth (countable and uncountable, plural bandwidths)

While comm buoys allow rapid transmission, there is a finite amount of bandwidth available. Given that trillions of people may be trying to pass a message through a given buoy at any one time, access to the network is parceled out on priority tiers.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Communications: Administration Codex entry:

(networking, informal) The rate of data flow in digital networks typically measured in bits per second; the bitrate.

båndbredde

measure of data flow rate in digital networks


resource

Borrowed from Middle French ressource, from Old French resourse, resource (“a source, spring”), from resourdre, from Latin resurgō (“to rise again, spring up anew”). Equivalent to re- + source. See resourd, resurgent, source.

der

(networking) Hardware or software accessible by a computer, network, or another object connected to a computer.


routing

en-noun

routing (countable and uncountable, plural routings)

routings (plural)
routeing (alternative)

(networking) A method of finding paths from origins to destinations in a network such as the Internet, along which information can be passed.

reititys

a method of finding paths from origins to destinations in a network such as the Internet


STP

STP (countable and uncountable, plural STPs)

(networking) Initialism of spanning tree protocol.


header

headers (plural)
hdr (alternative abbreviation)

(networking) the first part of a packet or stream, often containing its address and descriptors.


CGI

Common Gateway Interface
Common Gateway Interface#English

(Internet, networking) Initialism of Common Gateway Interface.


preamble

preambles (plural)
præamble (alternative)

From Middle English preamble, from Old French preambule (French préambule), from Medieval Latin praeambulum, from praeambulō (“I walk before”).


ACK

(networking) An acknowledgement either of a packet or a message received from a network.


ACK

en-verb

ACK (third-person singular simple present ACKs, present participle ACKing, simple past and past participle ACKed)

ACKs (present singular third-person)
ACKing (participle present)
ACKed (participle past)
ACKed (past)
ack (alternative)

Yet, with full ECN nonce functionality and totally unreliable behaviour, ACKing individual packets only would require the receiver to maintain state that could theoretically grow without bounds.

2005, Michael Welzl, Network Congestion Control: Managing Internet Traffic, page 150:

(networking) To acknowledge a packet or a message received from a network.


MAC

en-noun

MAC (countable and uncountable, plural MACs)

(networking) Initialism of media access control: the portion of Ethernet, Wi-Fi 802.11 wireless, Bluetooth, FDDI, ATM, and Fibre Channel networks that controls which hardware devices have access to the media over which signals are sent.


internet

en-verb

internet (third-person singular simple present internets, present participle internetting, simple past and past participle internetted)

internets (present singular third-person)
internetting (participle present)
internetted (participle past)
internetted (past)

From inter- (prefix meaning ‘amid, among; between’) + net (“to form a netting or network”).

prefix

We are continuing our program of internetting our radar system with that of the Federal Aviation Agency.

1966 February 14, Robert S[trange] McNamara (witness), “Statement of the Secretary of Defense”, in Department of Defense Appropriations for 1967: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session … Part 1 […], Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 59:

More efficient means of internetting the computers in the system must also be developed.

1975 March 7, Malcolm R[oderick] Currie (witness), “Statement of Dr. Malcolm R. Currie, Director, Defense Research and Engineering, Accompanied by Laurin A. Knutson, Assistant Director (Programing) O.D.D.R. & E.”, in Fiscal Year 1976 and July–September 1976 Transition Period Authorization for Military Procurement, Research and Development, and Active Duty, Selected Reserve, and Civilian Personnel Strengths: Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, Ninety-forth Congress, First Session on S. 920 […] Part 6: Research and Development […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 2756:

Other less dynamic examples of information networks include intelligence or military command centers, internetted with communications including different kinds of voice circuits, (i.e., encrypted and non encrypted), data communications, teletype, facsimile, and the like.

1981 September 29, Stephen J[oseph] Lukasik (witness), “Statement of Stephen J. Lukasik, Chief Scientist, Office of Science and Technology, Federal Communications Commission”, in Emergency Management Information and Technology: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, First Session […] (no. 55), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, published [1982], →OCLC, page 119:

[…] Soviet interceptors have been internetted with radars, enabling the use of early-warning radars to track reentry vehicles for interception. […] [T]he Soviets have evidently internetted their SA-5, not with earlier mechanical radars, but with phased-array systems that are far more adequate for reentry vehice tracking purposes.

1985 spring, Robert J. DeSutter, Jr., “SALT Nonviolations and the Evolution of a Compliance Policy”, in Robert J. DeSutter, Jr., compiler, Selected Readings and Documents on Postwar American Defense Policy, volume III, [Colorado Springs, Colo.: United States Air Force Academy]; Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page [1041]:

We hear that Air Force Intelligence has officially concluded the Soviets have rolled production lines to break out of the ABM treaty and deploy a nationwide anti-missile system, which could possibly be in place by next year. […] [T]he Soviets are internetting their early-warning radars […]

1988 February 25, “Breakout”, in The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20:

Question. How will the various radars of the Caribbean Basin Radar Network be internetted together? / Answer. […] These operation centers will also be internetted so as to share surveillance data and coordinate tracking/interdiction efforts.

1990 April 5, John J. Welch Jr. (witness), Edward R. Bracken (witness), Thomas R. Ferguson (witness), “Missile and Other Procurement, Air Force”, in Department of Defense Appropriations for 1991: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session: Part 5 […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 432:

An experiment conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the ARPANET experiment sought to explore technologies for the networking of remote research sites. ARPANET sends independent digital packets over networks "internetted" together to pass information.

1996 April–June, Robert J. Bunker, “Internetted Structures and C² Nodes”, in Susan M. Miranda, editor, Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin (PB 34-96-2), volume 2, number 2, Fort Huachuca, Ariz.: U.S. Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca, →OCLC, page 26, column 2:

Emergency "patches" were applied to WWMCCS's General Comprehensive Operating System software as engineers desperately tried to find a way to work around the limitations of the Honeywell 6000 computers so that the network's nodes could be effectively internetted.

2000 June, David E[ric] Pearson, “WWMCCS Intercomputer Network”, in The World Wide Military Command and Control System: Evolution and Effectiveness, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala.: Air University Press, →ISBN, page 186:

(specifically, networking) To connect (a computer, an electronic device, etc.) into a computer network (in particular, the Internet).


LPN

(networking) Initialism of low-power network.


NDC

(networking) Initialism of network daughter card.


upstream

en-adj

upstream (comparative farther or further upstream, superlative farthest or furthest upstream)

farther (comparative)
further upstream (comparative)
farthest (superlative)
furthest upstream (superlative)

en:figuratively, in general
en:figuratively, of computer networks

(figurative) Occurring earlier than something else; (also, usually, especially) being an influence on something else; causing a consequence for something else.

(computer networking) In the direction from the client to the server.


packet

packets (plural)
pacquet (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English pacquet; either from Middle French pacquet, or formed independently from pak and -et.

(networking) A small fragment of data as transmitted on some types of network, notably Ethernet networks (Wikipedia).

(networking) A protocol data unit of the Internet Protocol.

The Minecraft server accepts connections from TCP clients and communicates with them using packets. A packet is a sequence of bytes sent over the TCP connection.

2024 September 28 (last accessed), “Protocol”, in wiki.vg, archived from the original on 2024-09-26, Definitions:

(networking) A message sent over a transport layer protocol.


STA

(computer networking) Abbreviation of station (in IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) terminology)

(computer networking) Initialism of simultaneous thermal analysis.

(computer networking) Initialism of single-threaded apartment (in the Component Object Model).


SAN

en-noun

SAN (countable and uncountable, plural SANs)

storage area network
storage area network#English

(networking) Acronym of storage area network.

system area network
w:system area network

(networking) Acronym of system area network.


PBT

w:Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering

(networking) Initialism of Provider Backbone Transport.


SNMP

(computing, networking) Initialism of Simple Network Management Protocol.


PAP

password authentication protocol
w:password authentication protocol

(networking) Initialism of password authentication protocol.


(networking) Initialism of peer-to-peer.


datagram

datagrams (plural)
datagramme (alternative)

The pseudo header conceptually prefixed to the UDP header contains the source address, the destination address, the protocol, and the UDP length. This information gives protection against misrouted datagrams.

(networking) A packet of data passed across a network.


EMI

EMI (countable and uncountable, plural EMIs)

external machine interface
w:EMI (protocol)

(networking) Initialism of external machine interface.


streamer

From Middle English stremer, stremere, equivalent to stream + -er.

However, integration of a bandwidth estimation algorithm into an adaptive video streamer is not an easy task. Firstly, bandwidth estimation requires sending extra burst packets that brings a considerable overhead into the system.

2004, Cevdet Aykanat, Tugrul Dayar, Ibrahim Korpeoglu, Computer and Information Sciences - ISCIS 2004: 19th International Symposium, page 157:

(networking) Any mechanism for streaming data.


bonding

(networking) A method of aggregating multiple network interfaces on a computer into a single logical interface

bonding

method of aggregating computer network interfaces


big-endian

pezkomenca

computing: storing the most significant byte at a lower address

The network octet order for all protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite is big-endian. A big-endian computer system need not perform any conversion in building TCP/IP protocol headers from integers stored in its memory.

1994, James Martin, Joe Leben, TCP/IP Networking: Architecture, Administration, and Programming, Prentice Hall, page 203:

most significant byte
most significant byte

least significant byte
least significant byte

(networking) Transmitting the most significant byte of a multibyte number before transmitting the least significant byte; that is, "big end" first.


NIC

network interface card
network interface card#English

network interface controller
network interface controller#English

(networking) Acronym of network interface card or network interface controller, used to interface a computer to a network.


bus topology

(networking) A (computer) network topology in which the nodes are all connected at different points to a line called a bus.


encapsulate

en-verb

encapsulate (third-person singular simple present encapsulates, present participle encapsulating, simple past and past participle encapsulated)

encapsulates (present singular third-person)
encapsulating (participle present)
encapsulated (participle past)
encapsulated (past)
incapsulate (alternative)

From en- + capsule + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(networking) To enclose data in packets that can be transmitted using a given protocol.


BPL

(Internet, networking) Initialism of broadband over power line.


TDR

(computer networking) Initialism of Time Domain Reflectometer: a type of cable tester which can find where a break is located.


throughput

en-noun

throughput (countable and uncountable, plural throughputs)

throughputs (plural)
thruput (alternative)

(networking) The rate at which data is transferred through a system.


Fido

From Spanish or Italian fido from Latin fīdus (“faithful”). Popularly claimed to be directly from Latin fīdō (“I trust, rely on”) instead of the Romance intermediary, but this might be folk etymology. The stereotypical dog's name is evidently very old; a newspaper from 1760 cites, "[a] small white Greyhound with a Collar, answers to the Name of Fido."


hot spot

hot spots (plural)
hotspot (alternative)

titik panas

location which has a higher temperature or amount of radiation than surrounding areas

пизэке

(figuratively) A place notable for a high level of activity or danger.

(Internet, networking) A location in which Wi-Fi Internet access is available.


MSP

Message Send Protocol
w:Message Send Protocol

(networking) Initialism of Message Send Protocol.


application protocol data unit

application protocol data unit (plural application protocol data units)

application protocol data units (plural)
as APDU (abbreviation)

(networking) A packet of data exchanged between two application programs across a network.


IP tracker

(computing, networking) Software that converts an IP address into a hostname and provides location and other information.


downstream

en-adj

downstream (comparative farther or further downstream, superlative farthest or furthest downstream)

farther (comparative)
further downstream (comparative)
farthest (superlative)
furthest downstream (superlative)

(figurative) Occurring later than something else; (also, usually, especially) influenced by something else; being a consequence of something else.

(computer networking) In the direction from the server to the client.


DMS

(networking) Initialism of Defense Message System.


Bluetooth

From blue + tooth, calque of Old Norse Blátǫnn (modern Danish Blåtand).
* (networking): The networking standard is named after the king because the technology unites computers and mobile devices similarly to the way he united the Danish tribes.

personal area network
personal area network

(networking, trademark) An industrial specification for wireless personal area networks.


Bluetooth

en-verb

Bluetooth (third-person singular simple present Bluetooths, present participle Bluetoothing, simple past and past participle Bluetoothed)

Bluetooths (present singular third-person)
Bluetoothing (participle present)
Bluetoothed (participle past)
Bluetoothed (past)

The widespread use of mobile phones which support free Bluetoothing has enabled promotional videos to be distributed virally between handsets.

2009, Seema Gupta, Branding and Advertising, page 303:

Everyone's bluetoothing each other the latest ring tones and pictures. Telling the most crazy stories ever.

2010, Katie Taylor, Confessions of a Teenager: The Diaries of Three Troubled Teens, page 92:

(ambitransitive, networking) To transmit or communicate by Bluetooth.


gateway

portti

point that represents the beginning of a transition

(computing, networking, telecommunications) In wireless internet, an access point with additional software capabilities such as providing NAT and DHCP, which may also provide VPN support, roaming, firewalls, various levels of security, etc.


hostname

(networking) The unique name by which any device attached to a computer network is known.

и́ме на хост

the name by which any device attached to a computer network is known


packet switching

(networking) A means of directing digitally encoded information in a communication network from its source to its destination, in which messages may be divided into smaller entities called packets, each of which travels independently through the network in paths based on moment-to-moment routing decisions made by the nodes through which they pass.

分組交換 /分组交换

means of directing information in a network


MAC address

The MAC address substitution module then substitutes the source MAC address and the destination MAC address of the packet before it is forwarded into the interface port. The source MAC address is replaced by that of the output interface, and the destination MAC address is replaced by that of the immediate next hop (a router or the destination host).

1999, Nen-Fu Huang, Shi-Ming Zhao, Jen-Yi Pan, Chi-An Su, “A Fast IP Routing Lookup Scheme for Gigabit Switching Routers”, in IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), volume 3, →DOI, page 1430:

Our analysis illustrates that MAC address randomization policies are neither universally implemented nor effective at eliminating privacy concerns.

2017, Jeremy Martin et al., “A Study of MAC Address Randomization in Mobile Devices and When it Fails”, in Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, volume 2017, number 4, →DOI, page 379:

MAC addresses are learned by the source MAC address on incoming frames to the switch, not the destination frames.

2020, Jon Buhagiar, CCNA Certification Practice Tests: Exam 200-301, Wiley, →ISBN, page 258:

(computing, networking) Media Access Control address; a unique identifying number assigned to most network devices.

媒體存取控制地址 /媒体存取控制地址

mui⁴ tai² cyun⁴ ceoi² hung³ zai³ dei⁶ zi²


ARP

Address Resolution Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol#English

(networking) Initialism of Address Resolution Protocol.


Address Resolution Protocol

(networking) The protocol used to translate IP addresses into MAC addresses to support communication on a LAN.


switching

en-noun

switching (countable and uncountable, plural switchings)

The act or process of something that switches.

(computing, networking) The process of transferring data packets from one device to another in a network, or from one network to another.


evil twin

(networking) A rogue wireless access point installed near a legitimate one for purposes of eavesdropping or phishing.


sniffer

(networking) A software or hardware tool for intercepting and logging network traffic.

sniffer

a mechanism for intercepting and logging network traffic


local ring

(networking) The non-routing segment of a token ring network.


endpoint

endpoints (plural)
end point (alternative)

(networking, telecommunications) The entity at one end of a connection.


pinhole

pinholes (plural)
pin-hole (alternative)

(networking) A port left unprotected by a firewall to allow a particular application to gain access to a service.


RCS

Rich Communication Services
w:Rich Communication Services

(networking) Initialism of Rich Communication Services.


ONU

optical network unit
w:Optical Network Unit

(networking) Initialism of optical network unit.


oversubscribe

en-verb

oversubscribe (third-person singular simple present oversubscribes, present participle oversubscribing, simple past and past participle oversubscribed)

oversubscribes (present singular third-person)
oversubscribing (participle present)
oversubscribed (participle past)
oversubscribed (past)

(networking) To use the oversubscription technique in a computer network.


service set identifier

en-noun

service set identifier (plural service set identifiers)

(networking) a code that identifies the network to which packets on a wireless network belong


SSID

service set identifier
service set identifier#English

(networking) Initialism of service set identifier.


bit-count integrity

(networking) The condition of a copy of a message having the same number of bits as the source message.

(networking) The condition of a data stream having a consistent, fixed bitrate.


WTAI

w:Wireless Telephony Applications Interface

(networking, telecommunications) Initialism of Wireless Telephony Applications Interface: a protocol used in conjunction with the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) to allow a telephone number to be linked to a web page.


hole punch

en-verb

hole punch (third-person singular simple present hole punches, present participle hole punching, simple past and past participle hole punched)

hole punches (present singular third-person)
hole punching (participle present)
hole punched (participle past)
hole punched (past)
holepunch (alternative especially noun)
hole-punch (alternative especially verb)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hole punch.wav

(computing, networking) To create a NAT, WAN-to-LAN port forwarding on the router.


PTB

I'm 90% sure that FreeBSD itself will do this when it receives a PTB with an MTU value of (say) 1000.

2010 April 13, Matthew Luckie, “Re:reassembled packets and pfil”, in mailing.freebsd.net (Usenet), archived from the original on 2024-08-21:

Therefore, receiving a PTB message with a ^([sic]) MTU smaller thatn the IPv6 minimum MTU of 1280 bytes causes a host to append a fragmentation header to all its IPv6 packages to a certain host.

2014 January 4, Mathias Morbitzer, “TCP Idle Scans in IPv6”, in hitb magazine, volume 4, number 10, archived from the original on 2024-07-30, page 8:

[F]irewalls that completely block incoming PTBs break the PMTUD protocol.

2019 February 5, Ramesh R. Subbaraman, “Rate limitable and efficient discovery of path maximum transmission units”, in International Journal of Communication Systems, volume 32, number 6, →DOI, →ISSN, page 3:

(networking) Initialism of packet too big, an IPv6 error message.


subnet

(networking) A portion of a network that shares a network address in which each component is identified by a number.

subxarxa

portion of a network which shares a network address in which each component is identified by a subnet number


subnet

subnet (third-person singular simple present subnets, present participle subnetting, simple past and past participle subnetted)

subnets (present singular third-person)
subnetting (participle present)
subnetted (participle past)
subnetted (past)

(transitive, networking) To break (a network) into subnets.


MIME

(networking) Acronym of Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (“an Internet standard that extends the formatting and content capabilities of email”).


SSH

(networking) Initialism of Secure Shell, a networking protocol by which two computers are connected via a secure channel.


TFTP

(networking) Initialism of trivial file transfer protocol: a simple file transfer protocol, like FTP.


TPC

Transmit Power Control
w:Transmit Power Control

(networking) Initialism of Transmit Power Control.


(computing) Short for first level in various contexts.

(networking) The physical layer in the seven-layer OSI network model.


an L2 switch

(computing) Short for second level in various contexts

(networking) The data link layer in the seven layer OSI network model.


MTP

Multipurpose Transaction Protocol
w:Multipurpose Transaction Protocol

(networking) Initialism of Multipurpose Transaction Protocol, a proprietary transport protocol.


CX

en-noun

CX (countable and uncountable, plural CXes)

(networking, Ethernet) Abbreviation of (short haul) copper.


multicast

multicast address

On an LAN, each host's network interface monitors the LAN and accepts packets addressed to the multicast address that defines the host group to which the packets belong. Unlike broadcasting, multicasting allows each host to choose whether it wants to accept multicast packets.

2009, Robert Rümmler, Alexander Daniel Gluhak, Hamid Aghvami, Multicast in Third-Generation Mobile Networks: Services, Mechanisms and Performance, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 14:

(computing, networking) The simultaneous transmission of data to several destinations on a network.


collision detection

collision detection (countable and uncountable, plural collision detections)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-collision detection.wav

(networking) A mechanism in Ethernet to detect when two computers are sending frames at the same time, and also to deal with such collisions when they happen.


bogon

From bogus (“fake, phony”) + -on (“suffix used to form names of elementary particles or fundamental units”).

(networking, slang) An invalid Internet Protocol packet, particularly one sent from an address that is not in use.


OSI

(networking) Initialism of Open Systems Interconnection, an International Standard ISO/IEC 7894:1994(E) subtitled Basic Reference Model, containing a formal description of an idealized computer network architecture.


next generation networking

next generation networking (uncountable)

next-generation network (alternative)
NGN (alternative abbreviation)

(networking) The transmission of voice, data, video and any other form of information in packets over the same network.


access point

(networking) A device, such as an Internet modem, that permits wireless devices to connect to a network.

tukiasema

device permitting wireless connection to a network


DTIM

(networking) Initialism of Delivery Traffic Indication Message: a signal sent as part of a beacon by an AP (access point) to a client device in sleep mode, alerting the device to a packet awaiting delivery.


mesh network

(networking) A communications network with at least two pathways to each node, forming a net-like organization. When each node is connected to every other node, the network is said to be fully meshed. When only some of the nodes are linked, switching is required to make all the connections and the network is said to be partially meshed, or partially connected.


rogue access point

rogue access point (plural rogue access points)

(computing, networking) An unauthorized access point installed on a WLAN.


goodput

(computing, networking) Application-level throughput, i.e. the number of useful bits per unit of time forwarded by a network from source to destination, excluding protocol overhead such as retransmissions.


oversubscription

oversubscription (countable and uncountable, plural oversubscriptions)

You can overcome the oversubscription of an ISL by adding an ISL between the switches to increase the bandwidth.

2018, Jon Tate, Pall Beck, Hector Hugo Ibarra, Introduction to Storage Area Networks, page 171:

storage area network
storage area network

(networking) The practice of connecting multiple devices to the same switch port in a storage area network.


pingable

Not only were the hop counts believable, but all the source IPs appeared to be alive and pingable...

2002, Stephen Northcutt, Judy Novak, Network Intrusion Detection: An Analyst's Handbook:

If the point-to-point addresses are not in the iBGP, the customer point-to-point link will not be pingable, which could be an unacceptable situation...

2002, Barry Raveendran Greene, Philip Smith, Cisco ISP Essentials:

(networking, of a computer) That can be pinged; responsive to pings.


nack

en-verb

nack (third-person singular simple present nacks, present participle nacking, simple past and past participle nacked)

nacks (present singular third-person)
nacking (participle present)
nacked (participle past)
nacked (past)

(networking) To acknowledge negatively; to send a NAK signal to.


queueable

(computing, networking) That can be queued.


client-side

Client-side validation of data is dangerous because the client might be malicious.

(computing, networking) Occurring on the client (local machine) rather than the server (remote machine).

πλευρά-πελάτη

occurring on the client (local machine) rather than the server (remote machine)


server-side

We use server-side processing to reduce the load on the individual clients.

(computing, networking) Occurring on the server (remote machine) rather than the client (local machine).

πλευρά-εξυπηρετητή

occurring on the server (remote machine) rather than the client (local machine)


middlebox

(computing, networking, Internet) A device in the Internet that provides transport policy enforcement, such as a firewall.


MMR

en-noun

MMR (countable and uncountable, plural MMRs)

(countable, networking) Initialism of meet-me room.


dial-in

(networking) Of a computer, set up to accept incoming modem calls.


BitTorrent

(networking) A peer-to-peer file sharing protocol.


unicast

In this paper, we describe a model of multicast service we call host groups and propose this model as a way to support multicast in the DARPA Internet environment [14]. We argue that it is feasible to implement this facility as an extension of the existing "unicast" IP datagram model and mechanism.

1985 December 4, S. E. Deering, D. R. Cheriton, “Host Groups: A Multicast Extension to the Internet Protocol”, in Internet Engineering Task Force Request for Comments number 966, archived from the original on 2001-12-25:

(computing, networking) Being the transmission of messages to a single destination host on a packet switching network.


unicast

en-verb

unicast (third-person singular simple present unicasts, present participle unicasting, simple past and past participle unicasted or unicast)

unicasts (present singular third-person)
unicasting (participle present)
unicasted (participle past)
unicasted (past)
unicast (participle past)
unicast (past)

(computing, networking) To transmit in this manner.


anycast

From any + -cast, from broadcast. Compare unicast, multicast.

(networking) A network addressing and routing scheme whereby data is routed to the nearest or best destination as viewed by the routing topology.


connectionless

(networking) Without the use of a constant connection; sending and receiving data arbitrarily as needed, usually with less reliability than if a connection were held open.


multihop

(networking) Proceeding in multiple hops


multicasting

en-noun

multicasting (countable and uncountable, plural multicastings)

Unlike broadcasting, multicasting allows each host to choose whether it wants to accept multicast packets.

(networking) The simultaneous transmission of data to several destinations on a network.


portscan

en-verb

portscan (third-person singular simple present portscans, present participle portscanning, simple past and past participle portscanned)

portscans (present singular third-person)
portscanning (participle present)
portscanned (participle past)
portscanned (past)

(networking, transitive) To scan (a network host) in order to detect open ports.


portscan

(networking) The scanning of a network host in order to detect open ports.


multihopping

(networking) The transmission of data from multiple nodes of a mobile phone network to an individual mobile device simultaneously


localhost

(networking) The computer being used locally, contrasted with remote computers elsewhere on a network.


flow control

(networking) The management of the data transmission rate between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from outrunning a slow receiver.

vuonohjaus

process of managing the rate of data transmission


passthrough

en-noun

passthrough (countable and uncountable, plural passthroughs)

passthroughs (plural)
passthru (alternative)
pass-through (alternative)

(electronics, networking) As of a signal through a device or network.


(networking) An Internet transition mechanism for migrating from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to IPv6.


tunnel broker

(networking) A service that provides a network tunnel.


distance vector

Distance-vector protocols are more suited to external routing as they don't require a consistent world-view.

(networking) A class of routing protocol based on sending global state between neighbouring nodes.


link state

A link-state protocol can quickly update the network to route around failure.

(networking) A class of routing protocol based on sending local status updates to every node in the network.


network neutrality

Coined by media law professor Tim Wu in 2003.

coin

The promotion of network neutrality is no different than the challenge of promoting fair evolutionary competition in any privately owned environment, whether a telephone network, operating system, or even a retail store.

2003, Tim Wu, “Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination”, in Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law, volume 2, page 142:

(networking) A principle proposed for user-access networks participating in the Internet that advocates no restrictions by ISPs or government on the content, sites, platforms, equipment, and modes of communication over the network.


anycasting

(networking) The routing of data over a network using an anycast scheme.


an L3 switch

(computing) Short for third level in various contexts

(networking) The network layer in the seven-layer OSI network model.


PAT

en-noun

PAT (countable and uncountable, plural PATs)

(networking) Initialism of port address translation.


VSS

(computer networking) virtual switching system


reverse proxy

(networking) A proxy that retrieves information on behalf of a client from possibly multiple servers.


catenet

From (con)catenating networks. Coined by French computer scientist Louis Pouzin in October 1973.

coinage

Furthermore, it is assumed that each catenet gateway can report a certain minimum amount of status information to an internetwork monitoring center for the purpose of identifying and isolating catenet failures, collecting minimal performance statistics and so on.

1979, V.G. Cerf, “Part 4. Network Application”, “DARPA Activities in Packet Network Interconnection”, in Kenneth G. Beauchamp, editor, Interlinking of Computer Networks: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Bonas, France, August 28 - September 8, 1978, D. Reidel Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 292:

A gateway interconnects heterogeneous networks or catenets both physically and logically.

1984, Advances in Instrumentation: Proceedings of the ISA International Conference and Exhibit, →ISBN, page 997:

The TCP connections have been maintained open over the catenet with reliable data transfer not just for seconds or minutes but for many hours or even days.

1987, John Haefner, Edward Brady, “Session 1 - The Status of of the Lower Layers”, “Operating in an NATO Environment”, in Rainer W. G. Herbers, editor, The Upper Layers of Open Systems Interconnection: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Interoperability of ADP Systems, The Hague, The Netherlands, 25-29 March 1985, D. Reidel Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 57:

It is of great importance to have realistic models for an end to end delay analysis in such heterogeneous catenet environments.

1988, Data Communication Systems and Their Performance: Proceedings of the Third IFIP TC6/WG 7.3 International Conference on Data Communication Systems and Their Performance, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22-25 June, 1987, →ISBN, page 442:

Instead, each ring within a source routed catenet is assigned a unique 12 bit ring number, allowing for a maximum of 4,096 rings in a single catenet. (Don’t worry; no source routed catenet has ever approached this limit, or likely ever will.)

2000, Rich Seifert, The Switch Book: The Complete Guide to LAN Switching Technology, John Wiley & Sons Inc., →ISBN, page 256:

The Internet can be used for interconnecting campus network to campus network, connecting campus networks to sources of public information, and connecting between stations inside and outside the catenet. / The extension of the catenet to global distances provides the opportunity for enterprise stations to address the stations (clients or servers) in the catenet or stations anywhere within the millions of users in the Internet community.

2004, E. Bryan Carne, “Chapter 6. Protecting Enterprise Catenets”, in A Professional’s Guide to Data Communication in a TCP/IP World, Artech House, →ISBN, “1. Operating Environment”, “2. Interconnections”, page 108:

(networking) A system of packet-switched communication networks interconnected via gateways.


OSI layer

(networking) Any of the seven layers of abstraction in the OSI model of communications systems: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, or physical.


OSI model

(networking) A description of the standard functions of a communications system in terms of seven layers of abstraction (the OSI layers).


GFC

en-noun

GFC (countable and uncountable, plural GFCs)

(networking) Initialism of generic flow control.


sessionless

(computing, networking) Without a session; taking the form of a series of isolated requests.


internetting

/ˈɪntəˌnɛtɪŋ/

/ˌɪntəˈnɛtɪŋ/

/ˈɪntɚˌnɛtɪŋ/

/ˌɪntɚˈnɛtɪŋ/

Plans must be analyzed continuously at all levels by simulation. We refer to the construct that makes this possible as a complete "internetting of nodes" and as a seamless "operation across networks." A node can be an airplane, a general, an Army private, a tank, or a UCAV. A collaborating network may be operated by the US Army or by an allied command. Internetting provides for the nearly direct connection of one of the nodes to any other node.

1995 December 15, “Technologies for Arming the Air Force of the 21st Century”, in New World Vistas: Air and Space Poer for the 21st Century: Summary Volume, [Washington, D.C.?]: USAF Scientific Advisory Board, →OCLC, page 12:

(Internet, networking, also attributively) gerund of internet

(rare) The act of entwining or linking things together so as to form a network; interconnecting, networking.

Goals are postulated for future DOD [Department of Defense] growth in automated command and control capability and guidelines are generated which will aid future planners in specifying individual system characteristics which lend themselves to internetting, both within the individual systems and particularly within the over-all DOD command and control system.

1962 August, “Digital Computers”, in Rulon L. Thayne, Elizabethe H. Hall, Herman Miles, compilers, Computers and Data Processing Systems, Arlington, Va.: Hq. Armed Services Technical Information Agency, →OCLC, page 67, column 1:

Last year we had planned to reduce the number of these radars to 151 by end fiscal year 1967. As you may recall, this reduction was predicated on the internetting of our radar system with that of the Federal Aviation Agency.

1967 January 26, Robert S[trange] McNamara (witness), “Statements of Hon. Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense, and Gen. Earle G. Wheeler, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff”, in Military Procurement Authorizations for Fiscal Year 1968: Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services and Subcommittee on Department of Defense of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, First Session on S. 666 […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 243:

The General Accounting Office (GAO) reported in 1975[…], that the system's management should address the need for improving (1) computer security and (2) the effectiveness and efficiency of internetting between computers in its automatic data processing (ADP) operations.

1977 March 3, John L[ittle] McClellan, Chairman, Subcommittee on Department of Defense, “Justification: Operation and Maintenance, Air National Guard”, in Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1978: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, First Session on H.R. 7933: An Act Making Appropriations for the Department of Defense for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 1978, and for Other Purposes […] Part 3—Operation and Maintenance […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 657:

Although the internetting of academe makes it more likely for an exchange of information with our colleagues around the globe, scholars who study communication may be challenged to identify colleagues with similar interests.

1999, Steven A. Beebe, “International Communication Education”, in William G. Christ, editor, Leadership in Times of Change: A Handbook for Communication and Media Administrators, Annandale, Va.: National Communication Association; Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, →ISBN, page 63:

The act of connecting a computer, an electronic device, etc., into a computer network (in particular, the Internet).

Internetting is the creation of a network of networks by interconnection of two or more computer networks.

1978 January, Frank Heinrich, “Usage of the NBS Data Encryption Algorithm”, in The Network Security Center: A System Level Approach to Computer Network Security (Computer Science & Technology; National Bureau of Standards Special Publication; 500-21, volume 2), Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, section 2.3 (Internetting), page 24:

"Internetting can make or break a network," Sytek, Inc.'s Robert R. Shatzer said during a session on local-area network gateways at the Interface '82 conference here last week. […] To illustrate the internetting concept, Shatzer displayed a chart in which small local-area networks were linked to large local networks, which were in turn tied to metropolitan networks, which were finally linked to long-haul networks.

1982 March 29, Bruce Hoard, “‘Internetting Can Make or Break Net,’ Sytek Director Tells Conference Session”, in John C. Whitmarsh, editor, Computerworld: The Newsweekly for the Computer Community, volume XVI, number 13, Framingham, Mass.: CW Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10, columns 1 and 3:

The user pays about 90 percent of the total costs of internetting—for a workstation or personal computer (PC), software, the local nets, and external connections—most of which would be paid by the user in any case for office, campus, or general communications.

1998, W. Russell Neuman, Lee McKnight, Richard Jay Solomon, “The Nature of Networks”, in The Gordian Knot: Political Gridlock on the Information Highway, Cambridge, Mass., London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 79:

The act of connecting multiple computer networks together; internetworking.

"I understand," Stoll said stiffly. "I'll do some hacking, internetting, see what I can find."

1995 November, [Jeff Rovin], created by Tom Clancy and Steve Pieczenik, “Monday, 8:20 a.m., Washington, D.C.”, in Tom Clancy’s Op-Center: Mirror Image, New York, N.Y.: Berkley Books, →ISBN, page 120:

(informal) The act of using the Internet; specifically, searching for information using the Internet.


tinygram

Too many tinygrams can congest a network connection.

(networking, informal) A very small packet of data.


nonmulticast

(computing, networking) Not using multicast.


TTL

TTL (countable and uncountable, plural TTLs)

(computing, networking) Initialism of time to live.


base station

Used from mobile network operators' (MNOs) usual base stations, these waves work well in open country, which gives passengers a decent service. But DfT's report says that MNO base stations are not optimised for railways.

2022 September 7, Philip Haigh, “Wireless coverage leaves us hanging on our telephones”, in RAIL, number 965, page 42:

(computing, networking) A radio receiver/transmitter that serves as the hub of the local wireless network, and may also be the gateway between a wired network and the wireless network.


forward proxy

(networking) A server that routes traffic between a client and another system, which is in most occasions external to the network.


subinterface

(telecommunications, computing, networking) A division of one physical interface into multiple logical interfaces.


(networking) Number 1A network control point.


(networking) Number 1A service evaluation system.


(networking) Initialism of one megabyte modem.


(networking) Initialism of one megabyte modem system.


(networking) Number 1 network control point.


intrapacket

(computing, networking) Within a packet of data.


interpacket

(computing, networking) Between packets of data.


ARPANET

ARPANET (canonical)
the ARPANET (canonical)
ARPAnet (alternative)

/ˈɑɹ.pəˌnɛt/

From earlier ARPA (“Advanced Research Projects Agency”) with net for network.

ARPANET went online in September, 1969, and connected four computers located in California and Utah.

2001, Bryan Pfaffenberger, Computers in Your Future, Pearson College Division, →ISBN, page 267:

The ARPANET was especially important to the Internet project, and was often called the backbone network because it was the central WAN that tied researchers together.

2007, Douglas Comer, The Internet Book […] , Prentice Hall, →ISBN:

It allowed the ARPANET, a single network, to develop into the Internet—an internetwork of hundreds of thousands of networks.

2009, John Cassidy, Dot.Con […] , Harper Collins, →ISBN, page 17:

w:Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

(military, networking) Initialism of Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, the world's first operational packet-switching network.


ONT

ONT (countable and uncountable, plural ONTs)

optical network terminal
w:Optical Network Terminal

(networking) Initialism of optical network terminal, a modem used to terminate a fiber optic line.


TOFU

(networking) Initialism of trust on first use, a type of network software security model where a client requests an identification code from a remote host when establishing the first connection.


core switch

(computing, networking) A high-capacity switch usually at the core or backbone of a computer network, aggregating network traffic to the Internet or a WAN.


gatewaying

(computing, networking) The action or use of a gateway or access point; the connection or transmission using one or more gateways.


air gap

The structure and design of Stuxnet confirms the Iranian air gap, as the attackers clearly designed Stuxnet to jump an air gap utilizing multiple methods.

2016, William D. Bryant, International Conflict and Cyberspace Superiority: Theory and Practice, Routledge, →ISBN, page 153:

(networking, computer security) A network security measure that consists of ensuring that a secure computer network is physically isolated from unsecured networks, such as the public Internet or an unsecured local area network.


TP

TP (countable and uncountable, plural TPs)

(networking) Initialism of termination point.


internetted

From internet + -ed (suffix forming adjectives, and past tense and past participle forms of regular verbs).

suffix

The time required to move large blocks of characters into and out of space in main memory seriously limits the computer's processing capabilities and its responsiveness, particularly during a time of high volume use, such as a crisis. Additional memory and secondary storage are required to handle these large blocks of characters. However, the movement of so many unnecessary characters complicates the use of these computers in an internetted multisite environment.

1979 December 14, “How Responsive, Reliable, and Survivable are the WWMCCS Standard Computer Systems?”, in The World Wide Military Command and Control System—Major Changes Needed in Its Automated Data Processing Management and Direction: By the Comptroller General: Report to the Congress of the United States (LC D-80-22), Washington, D.C.: United States General Accounting Office, →OCLC, page 23:

An example of an information network is the Defense Department's ARPANET—where a user at a computer terminal in one part of the country has access to many internetted computers throughout the country […]

1981 September 29, Stephen J[oseph] Lukasik (witness), “Statement of Stephen J. Lukasik, Chief Scientist, Office of Science and Technology, Federal Communications Commission”, in Emergency Management Information and Technology: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, First Session […] (no. 55), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, published [1982], →OCLC, page 119:

The physical basis of such internetted structures can be found with the creation of the Advanced Research Project Agencies Network (ARPANET) in 1969. An experiment conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the ARPANET experiment sought to explore technologies for the networking of remote research sites.

1996 April–June, Robert J. Bunker, “Internetted Structures and C² Nodes”, in Susan M. Miranda, editor, Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin (PB 34-96-2), volume 2, number 2, Fort Huachuca, Ariz.: U.S. Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca, →OCLC, page 26, column 2:

By cyberspace, I refer to the global collection of internetted computers and communication systems. […] The key word in the definition is "internetted," the characteristic that makes it possible to access some systems from others perhaps half a world away.

1996 June 25, Robert H. Anderson (witness), “Verbal Testimony: Risks to the U.S. Infrastructure from Cyberspace”, in Security in Cyberspace: Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session […] (S. Hrg. 104-701), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 365:

(networking) Connected into a computer network.


hosts file

(computing, networking) A plain text file used by an operating system to map hostnames to IP addresses.


softwire

(computing, networking) A type of tunnelling protocol that creates a virtual "wire" that transparently encapsulates another protocol as if were an anonymous point-to-point low-level link.


SMB

Server Message Block
w:Server Message Block

(networking, Windows) Initialism of Server Message Block.


antipacket

For lossless data delivery, we show that the buffer occupancy can be significantly reduced via fully antipacket dissemination.

2016, Pin-Yu Chen, Meng-Hsuan Sung, Shin-Ming Cheng, “Buffer Occupancy and Delivery Reliability Tradeoffs for Epidemic Routing”, in arXiv:

(networking) A record indicating that a previously transmitted packet of data was successfully received, and preventing it from being sent again to the same recipient.


VLT

(networking) Initialism of Virtual Link Trunking, 2 proprietary networking protocols.


LPWAN

wide-area network
wide-area network#English

(networking) Acronym of low-power wide-area network.


ALG

Application-level gateway
w:Application-level gateway

(computing, networking) Initialism of Application-level gateway.


C10K problem

(networking) The problem of optimizing a network to handle a large number of connections (roughly ten thousand) concurrently.


VNC

(computing, networking) Initialism of Virtual Network Computing.

(computing, networking, automotive) Abbreviation of Vehicular Networking Conference.


NVP

Network Voice Protocol
w:Network Voice Protocol

(networking) Initialism of Network Voice Protocol.


holepunch

en-verb

holepunch (third-person singular simple present holepunches, present participle holepunching, simple past and past participle holepunched)

holepunches (present singular third-person)
holepunching (participle present)
holepunched (participle past)
holepunched (past)

(computing, networking) Alternative form of hole punch, to create a port forwarding on the router.


Turing switch

Named after Alan Turing, though not based on his research.

(networking, telecommunications) A logical construction modelling the operation of the network switch, just as in theoretical computer science a Turing machine models the operation of a computer.


XmlHTTP

(Internet, networking) a set of APIs that enable binary data, HTML or XML to be transmitted to and from Web servers over the Internet using HTTP.


entity tag

(networking) In the HTTP protocol, an identifier assigned to a version of a resource, such that if the resource’s content changes, it is given a new identity tag.


CCN

(networking) Initialism of content-centric networking.


HTTP/2 enables a more efficient use of network resources and a reduced perception of latency by introducing header field compression and allowing multiple concurrent exchanges on the same connection.

2015 May, M. Belshe, R. Peon, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)”, in M. Thomson, editor, RFC Editor, →DOI, →ISSN, RFC 7540:

(Internet, networking) Initialism of Hypertext Transfer Protocol/2, a major revision of the HTTP network protocol used by the World Wide Web and approved in 2015.


magic packet

Originally trademarked by AMD, but is now in common usage.

(networking) A specially crafted packet that will turn on a computer with wake-on-LAN support if it is received by the computer's network card in standby mode.


crossover cable

en-noun

crossover cable (plural crossover cables)

(networking) A cable, especially an Ethernet cable, that allows two devices of the same kind, such as two computers, to be connected directly.


nodelist

bulletin board system
bulletin board system

(computer networking) A list of bulletin board systems and their connection details.


dumb pipe

(networking) In the context of mobile network operators, a simple network that, with a high enough bandwidth to transfer bytes between a customer's device and the Internet without the need to prioritize content, can afford to be completely neutral with regard to the services and applications the customer accesses.


server farm

(networking) A collection of computer servers that is usually maintained by an organization to supply server functionality far beyond the capability of a single machine.


SPA

SPA (countable and uncountable, plural SPAs)

(networking) Initialism of single-packet authorization.


superpeer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superpeer.wav

(networking) A node in a peer-to-peer system that acts as a local server for other peers.


AYT

(networking) Initialism of are you there?: a telnet command sequence sent from client to server to verify that the connection is still active.


NRE

(networking) Initialism of network reliability engineering.


hub-and-spoke

We had no NATO counterpart in the Pacific, only a series of "hub and spoke" bilateral alliances, so we always worked for greater South Korean–Japanese cooperation[…]

2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 357:

(transport, networking) Being or relating to a topology, whether for the physical distribution of goods or for telecommunications, that has a central "hub" connecting a number of outlying "spokes".


untunneled

(computing, networking) Not using a tunnel (wrapper for insecure or unsupported protocol).


layer 8

(humorous, networking) OSI layer 8; the users of a computer network.


hypernetworked

en-adj

hypernetworked (comparative more hypernetworked, superlative most hypernetworked)

more hypernetworked (comparative)
most hypernetworked (superlative)

As a non-neutral action, the work of capturing also scales differently in different locales. This is exaggerated in the context of a hyper-networked world where elements of data can travel the globe nearly instantaneously.

2014, Roger Lee, Noel Castree, Rob Kitchin, The SAGE Handbook of Human Geography, 2v:

(networking) Making intensive use of computer networks.


switchport

(networking) An interface on a network switch.


BCI

bit-count integrity
bit-count integrity#English

(networking) Initialism of bit-count integrity.


computer network

en-noun

computer network (plural computer networks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-computer network.wav

(computing, networking) A group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes.


Martian packet

From being a packet with a source or destination address that is "not of this Earth".

(computing, networking) A network packet whose declared source or destination IP address lies within a reserved address range unavailable for use on the public Internet.


SSRF

(computing, networking) Initialism of server-side request forgery.


TUFU

(networking) Initialism of trust upon first use.


IPFS

InterPlanetary File System
w:InterPlanetary File System

(networking) Initialism of InterPlanetary File System.


bufferbloat

bufferbloat (usually uncountable, plural bufferbloats)

From buffer + bloat, first attested in 2010.

(networking) Excessive buffering of packets which may cause delays (latency) or jitter (latency variation) in packet-switched networks, particularly during high load.

(networking) Delay caused by such excessive buffering.


port knocking

(networking) A means of securing ports on a firewall by requiring the host to attempt to connect to a prespecified sequence of closed ports before being allowed access to the desired port.


onion router

(networking) A network node involved in onion routing.


onion network

(networking) A network that uses onion routing.


(computing, networking) an obsolete EUI used to address hardware interfaces within existing IEEE 802-based networking applications


(computing, networking) an EUI currently used for IEEE 802-based networking and is also used to identify other devices and software


EUI

(computing, networking) Initialism of extended unique identifier.


(computing, networking) an obsolete EUI which originally encompassed both MAC-48 and EUI-48 identifiers by a simple translation mechanism


IPX

Internetwork Packet Exchange
w:Internetwork Packet Exchange

(networking, historical) Initialism of Internetwork Packet Exchange.


SPX

Sequenced Packet Exchange
w:Sequenced Packet Exchange

(networking, historical) Initialism of Sequenced Packet Exchange.


IPX/SPX

(networking, historical) Initialism of Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange.


port triggering

port triggering (usually uncountable, plural port triggerings)

(computing, networking) A configuration option on a NAT-enabled router that controls communication between internal and external host machines on an IP network.


unacked

(networking) Not having been sent an ACK message (acknowledgement of a packet or a message received from a network).


carrier hotel

(networking) A colocation facility for retail customers.


jumbogram

(networking) An Internet-layer packet exceeding the standard maximum transmission unit of the underlying network technology.


out-of-band signaling

(networking, telecommunications) A type of transmission technology in which signaling is separate from the data being transmitted, using one or more channels for transmitting data or voice information and one out-of-band channel for performing signaling functions.


PON

PON (countable and uncountable, plural PONs)

passive optical network
w:passive optical network

(networking) Initialism of passive optical network, technology and standards for fiber-optic broadband access.


OLT

optical line termination
w:optical line termination

(networking) Initialism of optical line termination.


GPON

gigabit-capable passive optical network
w:GPON

(networking) Initialism of gigabit-capable passive optical network, standardized as ITU-T G.984.


EPON

(networking) Initialism of ethernet passive optical network.


APON

(networking) Initialism of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) passive optical network.


BPON

(networking) Initialism of broadband passive optical network, or ITU-T G.983.


GEPON

(networking) Initialism of gigabit ethernet passive optical network.


deskside server

deskside server (plural deskside servers)

(networking, computer hardware) A type of computer server intended to be placed alongside a desk, contrasted with the shelf model.


server computer

server computer (plural server computers)

(computing, networking) Synonym of server.


ASN

autonomous system number
autonomous system number#English

(telecommunications networking, Internet) Initialism of autonomous system number.


DCN

dynamic circuit network
dynamic circuit network#English

(networking) Initialism of dynamic circuit network.


SNI

Server Name Indication
w:Server Name Indication

(networking) Initialism of Server Name Indication (“TLS extension”).


WWAN

wireless wide area network
wireless wide area network#English

(networking) Initialism of wireless wide area network.


net-neutral

In a net-neutral future it should still be possible, theoretically, for anyone with a camera and some willing friends to shoot a D.I.Y. video and put it online.

2011 March 25, Mike Hale, “A-List Stars Invade Digital Auteurs’ Space”, in The New York Times:

(networking) Characterized by net neutrality.


zombie computer

zombie computer (plural zombie computers)

zombie + computer. First use appears c. 1999. See cite below.

The danger is manifested in this version because the hackers are gaining control of as many as thousands of vulnerable zombie computers in order to magnify and direct their full-scale assault against a single victim from all directions.

1999, Brian Fonseca, “"Denial-of-service attacks employ zombie PCs to hit networks"”, in Infoworld Daily News:

(computing, networking) A computer connected to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker via a computer virus, computer worm, or Trojan horse program and can be used to perform malicious tasks under the remote direction of the hacker.


zombie network

(computing, networking) A network or collection of compromised computers or hosts that are connected to the Internet.


C10M problem

(networking) The problem of optimizing a network to handle a large number of connections (roughly one million) concurrently.


zombie client

(computing, networking) Computer software that takes directions from a remote computer and uses the infected computer to perform malicious tasks as directed.


LAA

LAA (countable and uncountable, plural LAAs)

(networking, countable) Initialism of locally administered address.


bit time

network interface card
network interface card

(computing, networking) The amount of time it takes for one bit to be ejected from a network interface card operating at a predefined standard speed.


time to live

(Internet, networking) A mechanism which limits the lifespan or lifetime of data in a computer or network.


slot time

slot time (countable and uncountable, plural slot times)

(computing, networking) The amount of time required for an electronic pulse to travel the length of the maximum theoretical distance between two nodes.


Time-Triggered Protocol

(networking) An open computer network protocol for control systems, designed as a time-triggered fieldbus for vehicles and industrial applications.


fieldbus

(computer hardware, networking) A member of a family of industrial digital communication networks used for real-time distributed control.


default gateway

default gateway (plural default gateways)

(computing, networking) The node in a computer network using the Internet Protocol suite serving as the forwarding host to other networks when no other route specification matches the destination IP address of a packet.


connect time

connect time (countable and uncountable, plural connect times)

(computing, networking) The total amount of time spent by a user of a computer connected to a network.

(computing, networking) The amount of time during which a user of a remote terminal is connected with a time-sharing system.


Network Time Protocol

(networking) A networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.


time of origin

time of origin (countable and uncountable, plural times of origin)

(telecommunications, networking) The point in time in which a message is released for transmission.


transmission time

transmission time (countable and uncountable, plural transmission times)

(networking, telecommunications) The amount of time from the beginning until the end of a message transmission.


latency time

latency time (countable and uncountable, plural latency times)

(networking) The amount of time required for data to pass from one point on a network to another.


lag time

lag time (countable and uncountable, plural lag times)

(computing, networking, video games) The time delay (latency) between the action of the user and the reaction of the server supporting the task, which requires resending to the client.


push time

push time (countable and uncountable, plural push times)

(networking, telecommunications) The time when a remote server sends an unsolicited update.


Hypertext Transfer Protocol

(Internet, networking) An application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems.


identity broker

identity broker (plural identity brokers)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-identity broker.wav

(computing, networking) An intermediary proxy service connecting multiple service providers with multiple identity providers.


identity provider

identity provider (plural identity providers)

(computing, networking) A system entity that creates, maintains, and manages identity information for principals and also provides authentication services to relying applications within a federation or distributed network.


AirDrop

By the analogy of an airdrop, in which items are delivered by dropping them from an aircraft in flight.

(networking) A wireless service of Apple Inc. which can transfer files among supported Macintosh computers and iOS devices by means of close-range wireless communication.


AirDrop

en-verb

AirDrop (third-person singular simple present AirDrops, present participle AirDropping, simple past and past participle AirDropped)

AirDrops (present singular third-person)
AirDropping (participle present)
AirDropped (participle past)
AirDropped (past)

“Another day another group of french^([sic]) teens trying to AirDrop me memes on the subway,” one woman tweeted. “In a crowd of teens and they keep trying to AirDrop me memes!!!” said another. One young Twitter user joked that she was going to a music festival last weekend “just to AirDrop.”

2019 June 5, Taylor Lorenz, “When Grown-Ups Get Caught in Teens’ AirDrop Crossfire”, in The Atlantic:

Cyber-flashing is not experienced as a less harmful or less damaging behaviour just because it happens digitally rather than on the street. […] For those who have been AirDropped in a public place, there is not even the comfort of knowing for certain who is guilty.

2023 April 19, Sophie Gallagher, “Cyber-flashing is just as damaging as the ‘real world’ equivalent. When will the law catch up?”, in The Guardian:

(intransitive, ditransitive, networking) To transfer a file using AirDrop.


network socket

(computing, networking) A software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network.


zombie master

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-zombie master.wav

A "zombie computer" is one that, unknown to its owner, has been infected with malicious software that allows a distant "zombie master" to control it, along with potentially thousands of other machines similarly affected.

2013, Tom Chatfield, Netymology, From Apps to Zombies: A Linguistic Celebration of the Digital World, page 41:

(computing, networking) A command and control center that guides and directs a zombie computer or zombie network.


timestamp reply

en-noun

timestamp reply (plural timestamp replies)

(Internet, networking) An ICMP query message that is sent in response to an ICMP timestamp request message.


jumbo frame

(networking) An Ethernet frame with more than 1500 bytes of payload, the limit set by the IEEE 802.3 standard.


protocol stack

(networking) Synonym of stack (“an implementation of a protocol suite (a set of protocols forming a layered architecture)”).


end-node

(networking, telecommunications) A device that connects to a network and is the endpoint for data communication.


exit node

(networking, telecommunications) A server that allows traffic to leave a secure network and enter the public internet.


hardware node

(networking, telecommunications) A physical device that is connected to a network and is able to send, receive, or forward information.


packet tracer

(computing, networking) A tool used to monitor, analyze and simulate network traffic by capturing data packets over a network.


storage area network

storage area network (plural storage area networks)

(networking) A computer network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage.


streaming data

(networking, telecommunications) Data that is continuously generated by different sources and consumed in real-time.


streaming encoder

streaming encoder (plural streaming encoders)

(networking, telecommunications) A tool that converts raw video and audio signals into a digital format suitable for transmission over the Internet.


streaming media

(Internet, networking) The continuous delivery and playback of audio and video content over a network without the need to first download the entire file.


streaming server

streaming server (plural streaming servers)

(Internet, networking) A specialized web server designed to deliver multimedia content to users over the Internet.


client-side storage

client-side storage (countable and uncountable, plural client-side storages)

(computing, networking) The practice of storing data on a user's device, such as a web browser rather than on a remote server.


server-side storage

server-side storage (countable and uncountable, plural server-side storages)

(computing, networking) The practice of storing data on a web server rather than on the user's device.


IGP

IGP (countable and uncountable, plural IGPs)

interior gateway protocol
w:interior gateway protocol

(networking) Initialism of interior gateway protocol.