stock

en-noun

stock (countable and uncountable, plural stocks or (obsolete) stocken)

stocks (plural)
stocken (obsolete plural)

→ Dutch: stock

desctree

→ French: stock
→ Romanian: stoc
→ Turkish: stok

→ Italian: stock

→ Portuguese: estoque

→ Spanish: stock

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”), with modern senses mostly referring either to the trunk from which the tree grows (figuratively, its origin and/or support/foundation), or to a piece of wood, stick, or rod. The senses of "supply" and "raw material" arose from a probable conflation with steck (“an item of goods, merchandise”) or the use of split tally sticks consisting of foil or counterfoil and stock to capture paid taxes, debts or exchanges. Doublet of chock.

stark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

(shipbuilding, in the plural) The frame or timbers on which a ship rests during construction.


standard

→ Catalan: estàndard

→ Danish: standard

→ French: standard

→ Italian: standard

→ Polish: standard

→ Spanish: estándar

→ Turkish: standart

From Middle English standard, from Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Frankish *standahard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand + -ard. Alternative etymology derives the second element from Frankish *oʀd (“point, spot, place”) (compare Old French ordé (“pointed”), Old English ord (“point, source, vanguard”), German Standort (“location, place, site, position, base”, literally “standing-point”)). Merged with Middle English standar, stander, standere (“flag, banner”, literally “stander”), equivalent to stand + -er. More at stand, hard, ord.

cog

(shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.


touch

en-noun

touch (countable and uncountable, plural touches)

From Middle English touchen, tochen, from Old French tochier (“to touch”) (whence Modern French toucher; compare French doublet toquer (“to offend, bother, harass”)), from Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”), from Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”), from Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”). Displaced native Middle English rinen, from Old English hrīnan (whence Modern English rine).
cognates
Cognate with Old High German zochhōn, zuhhōn (“to grasp, take, seize, snatch”) (whence German zucken (“to jerk, flinch”)), German Low German tucken, tocken (“to fidget, twitch, pull up, entice, throb, knock, repeatedly tap”), Middle Dutch tocken, tucken (“to touch, entice”) (whence Dutch tokkelen (“to strum, pluck”)), Old English tucian, tūcian (“to disturb, mistreat”) (whence Modern English tuck). Compare also Old High German tokkōn, tockōn (“to abut, collide”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Albanian cek (“to touch”), Old Church Slavonic тъкнѫти (tŭknǫti). More at tuck, take.

der

Set off the exact Length forward and aftward from the Observation of the rising of the Keel, by Shipwrights called the Touch, or Place where the Keel's upper Part ends to be streight.

1711, William Sutherland, The Ship-Builder's Assistant:

(shipbuilding) The broadest part of a plank worked top and but, or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters.


ribbon

en-noun

ribbon (countable and uncountable, plural ribbons)

→ Japanese: リボン (ribon)

→ Korean: 리본 (ribon)

From Middle English riban, ryban, ryband, from Old French riban, ruban ( > modern French ruban), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic compound whose second element is cognate with English band. Compare Middle Dutch ringhband (“necklace”, literally “ring-band”).

cog

(shipbuilding) Alternative form of ribband


knee

en-noun

knee (plural knees or (obsolete or dialectal) kneen)

knees (plural)
kneen (dialectal obsolete plural)

From Middle English kne, from Old English cnēow, from Proto-West Germanic *kneu, from Proto-Germanic *knewą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnéw-o-m, a thematic derivative of *ǵónu.
See also Low German Knee, Dutch knie, German Knie, Danish knæ, Norwegian kne, Swedish knä; also Hittite 𒄀𒉡 (genu), Latin genū, Tocharian A kanweṃ (dual), Tocharian B kenī, Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle”), Welsh glin (“knee”), Old Armenian ծունր (cunr), Avestan 𐬲𐬥𐬎𐬨 (žnum), Sanskrit जानु (jā́nu).
The obsolete plural kneen is from Middle English kneen, knen, kneon, kneuwene.

Deck beams were supported by hanging knees, triangular pieces of wood typically found underneath the timbers they are designed to support, but in this case found above them.

1980, Richard W. Unger, The Ship in the Medieval Economy 600-1600, page 41:

(shipbuilding) A piece of timber or metal formed with an angle somewhat in the shape of the human knee when bent.

polvi

shipbuilding: piece of timber or metal formed with an angle


string

string (countable and uncountable, plural strings)

Tok Pisin: string

→ Dutch: string

→ Finnish: stringit

→ French: string

→ German: String

desc

מחרוז//מַחְרֹזֶת

→ Hebrew: מחרוז／מַחְרֹזֶת (makhrózet) (semantic loan)

→ Japanese: ストリング (sutoringu)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: streng (semantic loan)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: streng (semantic loan)

→ Polish: stringi

→ Portuguese: estrém; string

→ Swedish: string

From Middle English string, streng, strynge, from Old English strenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *strangi, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz (“string”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“rope, cord, strand; to tighten”).
Cognate with Scots string (“string”), Dutch streng (“cord, strand”), Low German strenge (“strand, cord, rope”), German Strang (“strand, cord, rope”), Danish streng (“string”), Swedish sträng (“string, cord, wire”), Icelandic strengur (“string”), Latvian stringt (“to be tight, wither”), Latin stringō (“I tighten”), Ancient Greek στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai, “to strangle”), from στραγγάλη (strangálē, “halter”), Ancient Greek στραγγός (strangós, “tied together, entangled, twisted”).

cog

στραγγαλόομαι

弦

any similar long, thin and flexible object

弓弦

ゆづる, yuzuru, ゆみづる, yumizuru, ゆんづる, yunzuru

(shipbuilding) An inside range of ceiling planks, corresponding to the sheer strake on the outside and bolted to it.


side

en-verb

side (third-person singular simple present sides, present participle siding, simple past and past participle sided)

sides (present singular third-person)
siding (participle present)
sided (participle past)
sided (past)

From Middle English side, from Old English sīde (“side, flank”), from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ (“side, flank, edge, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Siede (“side”), West Frisian side (“side”), Dutch zijde, zij (“side”), German Low German Sied (“side”), German Seite (“side”), Danish and Norwegian side (“side”), Swedish sida (“side”).

der

(transitive, shipbuilding) To work (a timber or rib) to a certain thickness by trimming the sides.


fair

en-adj

fair (comparative fairer, superlative fairest)

fairer (comparative)
fairest (superlative)

→ German: fair

→ Macedonian: фер (fer)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фер

Latin script: fer

From Middle English fayr, feir, fager, from Old English fæġer (“beautiful”), from Proto-West Germanic *fagr, from Proto-Germanic *fagraz (“suitable, fitting, nice”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to fasten, place”).
Cognate with Scots fayr, fare (“fair”), Danish feir, faver, fager (“fair, pretty”), Norwegian fager (“fair, pretty”), Swedish fager (“fair, pretty”), Icelandic fagur (“beautiful, fair”), Umbrian pacer (“gracious, merciful, kind”), Slovak pekný (“good-looking, handsome, nice”). See also peace.

cog

(shipbuilding) Without sudden change of direction or curvature; smooth; flowing; said of the figure of a vessel, and of surfaces, water lines, and other lines.


moot

From Middle English mōt, ȝemōt, from Old English *mōt, ġemōt (“meeting”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtą, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to encounter, come”). Cognate with Scots mut, mote (“meeting, assembly”), Low German Mööt (“meeting”), Moot (“meeting”), archaic Dutch (ge)moet (“meeting”), Danish møde (“meeting”), Swedish möte (“meeting”), Norwegian møte (“meeting”), Icelandic mót (“meeting, tournament, meet”). Related to meet.

cog

(shipbuilding) A ring for gauging wooden pins.


chase

Possibly from obsolete French chas (“groove”, “enclosure”), from Old French, from Latin capsa (“box”). Or perhaps a shortening or derivative of enchase. Doublet of case, cash, and chasse.

(shipbuilding) A kind of joint by which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint by means of a gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built boats.


spur

From Middle English spure, spore, from Old English spora, spura, from Proto-West Germanic *spurō, from Proto-Germanic *spurô, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).

(shipbuilding) A piece of timber fixed on the bilgeways before launching, having the upper ends bolted to the vessel's side.

(shipbuilding) A curved piece of timber serving as a half to support the deck where a whole beam cannot be placed.


knuckle

From Middle English knokel (“finger joint”), from Old English cnucel (“the juncture of two bones; knuckle; joint”), from Proto-West Germanic *knukil, from Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle, knot, bump”), as *knukô (“bone, joint”) + *-ilaz (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Dutch knokkel (“knuckle”), Low German Knökel (“knuckle”), German Knöchel (“ankle, knuckle”), Old Norse knykill.

affix

(shipbuilding) A convex portion of a vessel's figure where a sudden change of shape occurs, as in a canal boat, where a nearly vertical side joins a nearly flat bottom.


throat

peak

antonym(s) of “end of a gaff next to the mast”

From Middle English throte, from Old English þrote, þrota, þrotu (“throat”), from Proto-Germanic *þrutō (“throat”), from Proto-Indo-European *trud- (“to swell, become stiff”). Cognate with Dutch strot (“throat”), German Drossel (“throttle, gorge of game (wild animals)”) (etymology 2), Icelandic þroti (“swelling”), Swedish trut.

cog

one's belly thinks one's throat has been cut

one's stomach thinks one's throat has been cut

(shipbuilding) The inside of a timber knee.


butt

From Middle English but, butte (“goal, mark, butt of land”), from Old English byt, bytt (“small piece of land”) and *butt (attested in diminutive Old English buttuc (“end, small piece of land”) > English buttock), from Proto-West Germanic *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz (“end, piece”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós (“bottom”), later thematic variant of Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn ~ *bʰudʰn-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Cognate with Norwegian butt (“stump, block”), Icelandic bútur (“piece, fragment”), Low German butt (“blunt, clumsy”). Influenced by Old French but, butte (“but, mark”), ultimately from the same Germanic source. Compare also Albanian bythë (“buttocks”), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom of vessel”), Latin fundus (“bottom”) and Sanskrit बुध्न (budhná, “bottom”), from the same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to bottom, boot.
 PIE word
 *bʰudʰmḗn.

приклад

larger or thicker end of anything; blunt end

perä

end of something, often distinguished from other end

(countable, generally) An end of something, often distinguished in some way from the other end.

(shipbuilding) The joint where two planks in a strake meet.


rider

writer (with flapping but without Canadian raising)

From Middle English ryder, ridere, from Late Old English rīdere (“rider, knight”); equivalent to ride + -er. Compare Dutch rijder, German Reiter.

kalorës

one who rides — see also cyclist, driver

fo-fhadhb

math: problem of extra difficulty added to another on an examination paper

During the four weeks of research, a considerable part of the ships structure was discovered underneath the ballast stones: keel, floor timbers, strakes, keelson together with mast step and its sisters and rider

2016, Lucy Blue, Frederick M. Hocker, Anton Englert, Connected by the Sea:

(shipbuilding) An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen the frame.


fay

en-verb

fay (third-person singular simple present fays, present participle faying, simple past and past participle fayed)

fays (present singular third-person)
faying (participle present)
fayed (participle past)
fayed (past)

From Middle English feyen, feien, from Old English fēġan (“to join, unite”), from Proto-West Germanic *fōgijan, from Proto-Germanic *fōgijaną (“to join”), from *fōgō (“joint, slot”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to fasten, place”). Akin to Saterland Frisian fougje (“to join, add”), West Frisian foegje (“to join, add”), Dutch voegen (“to add, place”), German Low German fögen (“to join, add”), German fügen (“to connect”), Old English fōn (“to catch”). More at fang.

cog

I have a strip cutter and I can cut the exact widths I need to fit, they are easy to fay together and attach very firmly to the bulkheads.

(shipbuilding, transitive) To join (pieces of timber) tightly. The long edges of the staves of a barrel have to be fayed so that when it is assembled it will not leak.

(shipbuilding, intransitive) Of pieces of timber: to lie close together.


ledge

From Middle English legge; usually considered to be from Middle English leggen, a variant of leyen (“to put, lay (down, waste to)”).

(shipbuilding) A piece of timber to support the deck, placed athwartship between beams.


streak

From Middle English streke, from Old English strica, from Proto-Germanic *strikiz, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“line”). Related to North Frisian strijck, Old Saxon striki, Middle Low German streke, Low German streek, Danish streg, Swedish streck, Norwegian Bokmål strek, Icelandic stryk, strykr, Dutch streek, Afrikaans streek, Old High German strih, German Strich, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (striks).


nog

(shipbuilding) A treenail to fasten the shores.


nog

en-verb

nog (third-person singular simple present nogs, present participle nogging, simple past and past participle nogged)

nogs (present singular third-person)
nogging (participle present)
nogged (participle past)
nogged (past)

(transitive, shipbuilding) to fasten, as shores, with treenails.


feeder

From Middle English feedere, federe, fedare, equivalent to feed + -er.

(shipbuilding, navigation) A feeder ship.


water-line model

en-noun

water-line model (plural water-line models)

Assuming the body-plan to be already swept in by the diagonal lines, (it matters not for our present purpose whether they are swept in the half-breadth,) we may now divide the body-plan into sections parallel to the base-line, as high as the load-line of flotation; and on those assumed water-lines take the half-breadths, the same as we would were we laying down a water-line model, or laying down the water-lines, which in fact we would be.

1854, John Willis Griffiths, Treatise on Marine and Naval Architecture, page 195:

The larger the boat, the more can these dimensions be exaggerated, and we are afraid that a model to scale would be very "crank." A 20-in. water-line model of the design given could not comfortably carry more than 400 sq. ins., and it would be advisable to drop the keel another inch to make the draught about 4½ ins.

1902 June 15, “Queries and Replies”, in The Model Engineer and Practical Electrician, volume 6, page 282:

Until 1794 ships had been built from skeleton models composed of pieces that showed the frames, keel, stem, and stern post, but were of little use in giving an accurate idea of the form of a vessel, while it required much time and labor to transfer the lines of the model to the mould loft. In this year, however, Orlando Merrill, a young shipbuilder of Newburyport, at that time thirty-one years old, invented the water-line model, which was composed of lifts joined together, originally by dowels and later by screws.

1911, Arthur Hamilton Clark, The Clipper Ship Era 1843-1869:

This is a water-line model, and was presented to the Museum by the North German Lloyd.

1927, Report on the Progress and Condition of the U.S. National Museum, page 114:

You have a choice of building a water-line model as pictured at the top of the page or a keel model as detailed in the plans.

1952 December, Wayne C. Leckey, “Thirty-six in. model of the SS United States”, in Popular Mechanics, volume 98, number 6, page 182:

(shipbuilding) a model of a vessel formed of boards which are shaped according to the water lines as shown in the plans and laid upon each other to form a solid model


water line

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(shipbuilding) the outline of a horizontal section of a vessel, as when floating in the water.

(shipbuilding) Any one of certain lines of a vessel, model, or plan, parallel with the surface of the water at various heights from the keel. In a half-breadth plan, the water lines are outward curves showing the horizontal form of the ship at their several heights; in a sheer plan, they are projected as straight horizontal lines.


sny

First attested in 1711; its etymology is unknown; perhaps from Proto-Germanic *snōwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sneh₁- (“to wind; twist; braid; plait”). Compare snying and the Danish sno (“to twine”, “to twist”).

der

(shipbuilding) Upward curving observed in the planks of a wooden ship or boat.

An upward curve in the lines of a wooden watercraft from amidships toward its bow and its stern.


seating

en-noun

seating (countable and uncountable, plural seatings)

(shipbuilding) That part of the floor which rests on the keel.


forefoot

From Middle English forefot, forfote, equivalent to fore- + foot.

I could see the waves boiling white under her forefoot.

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

(shipbuilding) A piece of timber terminating the keel at the fore end, connecting it with the lower end of the stem.


compassing

en-adj

compassing (comparative more compassing, superlative most compassing)

more compassing (comparative)
most compassing (superlative)

From Middle English compassynge; equivalent to compass + -ing.

compassing timbers


furring

(shipbuilding) Double planking of a ship's side.


stealer

From Middle English stelere, equivalent to steal + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Steler (“thief”), West Frisian steller, stelder (“stealer”), Dutch steler (“stealer, thief”), Danish stjæler (“stealer”).

(shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a strake which stops short of the stem or stern.


lacing

(shipbuilding) The knee of the head, or lace-piece, a piece of compass or knee timber secured to the back of the figurehead.


snape

en-verb

snape (third-person singular simple present snapes, present participle snaping, simple past and past participle snaped)

snapes (present singular third-person)
snaping (participle present)
snaped (participle past)
snaped (past)

Origin obscure. Perhaps from snape, a dialectal variant of sneap (“to nip, bite, pinch”). More at sneap.

It had to be accurately cut and trimmed, and its upper edge scored to suit the snaping of every beam end.

2000, William L. Crothers, The American-built Clipper Ship, 1850-1856, International Marine, page 265:

(nautical, shipbuilding) To bevel the end of a timber to fit against an inclined surface.


spale

From Middle English spale (“splinter”), perhaps partly from Old English *spalu (“flat bar, flake, chip”) or Old Norse spǫlr (“plank, rail, bar, short piece of wood”), both from Proto-Germanic *spaluz (“pole, rod, thin bar, lath”); and partly as an alteration of Old English speld (“ember, flake, torch, splinter, thin piece of wood used as a torch”), from Proto-Germanic *speldą (“that which is split, splinter, board”); both from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pala-, *(s)pel- (“to split in two, split in half”). Cognate with Middle High German spale ("rung of a ladder"; > dialectal German Spale (“a wooden split, wedge”)), dialectal Swedish spalu (“splinter”), dialectal Norwegian spel, spela, spila (“a splinter”), Icelandic spölur (“bit, short piece”). See also split.

gloss

"rung of a ladder"; > dialectal German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Spale</i> (“a wooden split, wedge”)

(shipbuilding) One of a number of cross-bands fastened temporarily to the frames to keep them in place until properly secured.


runghead

(shipbuilding) The upper end of a floor timber in a ship.


ribband

(shipbuilding) A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position and give rigidity to the framework.


plank-sheer

(shipbuilding, archaic) The course of plank laid horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.


steeler

(shipbuilding) Alternative form of stealer


surmark

(shipbuilding) A mark made on the moulds of a ship to show where the angles of the timbers are to be placed.


dousing-chock

(shipbuilding, archaic) One of several pieces fayed across the apron and lapped in the knightheads.


cross-spall

(shipbuilding) One of the temporary wooden braces, placed horizontally across a frame to hold it in position until the deck beams are in; a cross-pawl.


groundway

From Middle English *groundway, from Old English grundwæġ (“earth, world”).

(shipbuilding) In shipbuilding, a substantial foundation of wood or stone for the blocks on which a vessel is built.


fit rod

(shipbuilding) A gauge rod used to try the depth of a bolt hole in order to determine the length of bolt required.


top and but

(shipbuilding) A method of working long tapering planks by bringing the but of one plank to the top of the other to make up a constant breadth in two layers.


lace piece

(shipbuilding) The main piece of timber which supports the beak or head projecting beyond the stem of a ship.


fork beam

(shipbuilding) A half beam to support a deck, where hatchways occur.


dead door

(shipbuilding) A storm shutter fitted to the outside of the quarter-gallery door.


hair bracket

(shipbuilding, historical) A moulding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead.


fall home

en-verb

fall home (third-person singular simple present falls home, present participle falling home, simple past fell home, past participle fallen home)

falls home (present singular third-person)
falling home (participle present)
fell home (past)
fallen home (participle past)

(shipbuilding) To curve inward; said of the timbers or upper parts of a ship's side which are much within a perpendicular.


block model

...the young shipwright is next desired to prepare a block model to the timbers, which, if correctly proportioned, will displace water equal to the weight of the vessel...

1827, "Naval Architecture", Mechanics Magazine, volume 6, page 35:

(shipbuilding) A scale model of a ship to be built, showing the vessel's water line.

To show more clearly the relation of the block model to that of the actual ship, I have selected No. 4 in the Table...

1880, A.C. Kirk, “On a Method of Analyzing the Form of Ships”, in Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, volume 21, page 100:

No attempt in this direction has, as yet, met with the general favour which Dr. Kirk's block model analysis has secured.

1890, Henry West, “Inaugural Address”, in Transactions of the Liverpool Engineering Society, volume 11, page 15:

(shipbuilding) A simplified model of a ship with flat sides.


overlaunch

overlaunch (third-person singular simple present overlaunches, present participle overlaunching, simple past and past participle overlaunched)

overlaunches (present singular third-person)
overlaunching (participle present)
overlaunched (participle past)
overlaunched (past)

(shipbuilding, transitive) To run the butts or scarphs of planks or pieces of timber to a certain distance beyond the adjacent ones, in order to strengthen the work.


rother nail

(shipbuilding) A nail with a very full head, used for fastening the rudder irons of ships.


marine glue

en-noun

marine glue (countable and uncountable, plural marine glues)

(shipbuilding) A cementing substance (not actually glue) used for paying seams in ships' decks after they are caulked.


main frame

(shipbuilding) the widest structural frame located near the middle of a ship


deck over

en-verb

deck over (third-person singular simple present decks over, present participle decking over, simple past and past participle decked over)

decks over (present singular third-person)
decking over (participle present)
decked over (participle past)
decked over (past)

(transitive, shipbuilding) To complete the upper deck of a vessel.