polyasparagine

polyasparagine (usually uncountable, plural polyasparagines)

(biochemistry) A polymer formed from asparagine monomers, or a portion of a protein consisting solely of asparagine


zymogram

zone electrophoresis
zone electrophoresis

(biochemistry, genetics) A strip of electrophoretic material on which enzymes are visibly separated through histochemical methods (e.g. by zone electrophoresis).


metallothionein

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cysteine-rich proteins that bond to heavy metals


nitroreductase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nitro groups


myostatin

en-noun

myostatin (countable and uncountable, plural myostatins)

Perhaps from myo- (“muscle”) + Latin statos, status, sto (“remain, stand, fix, set"”) or Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis, “inactivity, a freezing, state of motionlessness, arrest, a standing”). myo- + -statin?

uder

(biochemistry) A protein that acts as an inhibitor to the growth of muscle tissue.


nitrosylate

en-verb

nitrosylate (third-person singular simple present nitrosylates, present participle nitrosylating, simple past and past participle nitrosylated)

nitrosylates (present singular third-person)
nitrosylating (participle present)
nitrosylated (participle past)
nitrosylated (past)

From nitrosyl + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

NO nitrosylates cysteine residues in the catalytic domain of COX enzymes leading to the formation of nitrosothiols; […]

1999, Daniela Salvemini, “Cyclooxygenase”, in Gabor M. Rubanyi, editor, Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications of Nitric Oxide, →ISBN, page 160:

(biochemistry) To react a nitrosyl (NO) group with the sulfur-containing cysteines of a protein.


dynein

From dyne + -in, from the Ancient Greek δῠ́νᾰμῐς (dŭ́nămĭs, “force”).

der

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that hydrolyze ATP and thus provide motive power for motile structures such as microtubules.


antiglycolytic

The most common antiglycolytic agent is sodium fluoride.

2007, Ruth E. McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley, Phlebotomy Essentials, →ISBN, page 527:

(biochemistry) Acting to prevent glycolysis


troponin

en-noun

troponin (countable and uncountable, plural troponins)

From tropomyosin. Coined by the Japanese researcher Setsuro Ebashi in 1963.http://jb.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol59/issue4/index.dtl

(biochemistry, medicine) A complex of three regulatory proteins that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, or any member of this complex. The level of troponin in the blood is often used as an indicator of heart damage.

troponina

regulatory protein of skeletal and cardiac muscle


artemin

Coined in a 1998 paper by R.H. Baloh et al., in the journal Neuron. http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(00)80649-2

(biochemistry) A neurotrophin, or nerve growth factor, in the GDNF family, bonding to the receptor GFRalpha3-RET.

artemina

a nerve growth factor in the GDNF family


biocytin

biocytin (usually uncountable, plural biocytins)

(biochemistry) An organic compound having the chemical formula C₁₆H₂₈N₄O₄S, formed by covalent bonding between biotin and a lysine residue


PCC

(biochemistry) Initialism of protein-conducting channel.


centralspindlin

From central spindle + -in. Coined by the Glotzer et al. research group at the University of Vienna no later than 2001.http://www.google.com/patents?id=CnaFAAAAEBAJ

(cytology, biochemistry) A protein complex associated with RacGAP (Rac GTPase activating protein, which shuts down nearby Rac) and RhoGEF (which activates nearby Rho) and a kinesin, playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis


fetoprotein

(biochemistry) Any of several antigens produced in a developing embryo, of which the most common is alpha-fetoprotein.


formin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins involved in the polymerization of actin which associate with the fast-growing barbed end of an actin filament


methylprednisolone

methylprednisolone (countable and uncountable, plural methylprednisolones)

The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine, as well as burn center protocol care with daily tankings.

1993, Virginia Medical Quarterly, volumes 120–121, page 44:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic glucocorticoid, C₂₂H₃₀O₅, used chiefly in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.


gelose

gelose (countable and uncountable, plural geloses)

(biochemistry) A gummy polysaccharide obtained from agar-agar and similar organisms.


pyrophosphatase

(biochemistry) An acid anhydride hydrolase that acts upon diphosphate bonds


reannotate

en-verb

reannotate (third-person singular simple present reannotates, present participle reannotating, simple past and past participle reannotated)

reannotates (present singular third-person)
reannotating (participle present)
reannotated (participle past)
reannotated (past)

To alleviate the problem of naming genes, reannotation of genes and proteins using a set of common, controlled vocabulary to describe a gene or protein is necessary.

2006, Jin Xiong, Essential Bioinformatics, →ISBN, page 18:

(biochemistry) To revise a previous annotation of a gene or protein


pannexin

(biochemistry) Any member of a family of transmembrane proteins found in vertebrates, homologous to the invertebrate innexins


endonucleolytic

(biochemistry) That cleaves nucleic acids in half by hydrolyzing the bonds between nucleotides


adhesin

(biochemistry) Any of several factors that enable bacteria to adhere to epithelial surfaces as a step towards infection.

adhesiini

factor enabling bacteria to adhere to epithelial surfaces


dithioerythritol

(biochemistry) A sulfur-containing sugar, an epimer of dithiothreitol, derived from erythrose.


endoribonuclease

(biochemistry) Any ribonuclease that is an endonuclease


phosphorylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the production of glucose phosphate from glycogen and inorganic phosphate


flagellin

(biochemistry) The main protein in the flagella of bacteria.


enterotoxin

An isolate from raw fish, serotype 0:6, unable to invade HeLa cells and negative for heat-stable enterotoxin, was clinically avirulent in this model and caused no lesions by histological examination.

2012, Gerald T. Keusch, “Invasive Bacterial Diarrheas”, in Lincoln Chen, editor, Diarrhea and Malnutrition, page 54:

A more complex mechanism is used by Vibrio cholerae toxin and by the homolog heat-labile enterotoxin secreted by ETEC strains.

2012, Phillip Smith, Thomas MacDonald, Principles of Mucosal Immunology, page 407:

(biochemistry) Any of several toxins produced by intestinal bacteria


zyxin

Human zyxin is a 572 amino acid protein; sequence analysis suggests that its biochemical properties are similar to those of avian zyxin.

1999, Beth E. Drees, Mary C. Beckerle, “Zyxin”, in Thomas Kreis, Ronald Vale, editors, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix, Anchor, and Adhesion Proteins, →ISBN, page 96:

(biochemistry) A certain zinc-binding phosphoprotein, or the gene which produces it


vinculin

focal adhesion plaque
focal adhesion plaque

(biochemistry) A membrane-cytoskeletal protein in focal adhesion plaques, involved in linkage of integrin adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton


antiphosphorylated

The phosphorylation levels were detected with antiphosphorylated antibodies by Western blot analysis.

2005, W. Zhang, “Leukotriene B4 receptor inhibitor LY293111 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cells via JNK phosphorylation”, in Leukemia, volume 19, →DOI:

(molecular biology, immunochemistry) Bonding specifically to a phosphorylated antigen


unfoldase

Hsp70 is also known to have a protein unfoldase activity that is important for translocation of proteins across the membranes of organelles; […]

1993, Malcolm G. Parker, Steroid Hormone Action, →ISBN, page 71:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes protein unfolding


blebbistatin

(biochemistry) A small-molecule inhibitor which is highly specific for non-muscle myosin


biophotonics

(biochemistry, physics) The study of the interaction of individual photons with biological structures


physostigmine

en-noun

physostigmine (countable and uncountable, plural physostigmines)

From translingual Physostigma venenosum (“the Calabar bean”) + -ine.

af

The substance is physostigmine, a drug first isolated from the Calabar bean (Physostigmine venenosum), a climbing liana that grows in swampy coastal areas of West Africa from Sierra Leone south and east as far as the Cameroons.

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 40:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A parasympathomimetic, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor alkaloid of the Calabar bean, used to treat certain medical conditions.


saccharoid

/ˈsækəˌɹɔɪd/

A sweet taste is possessed by nearly all sugars, to a greater or less extent, though in some of the rarer saccharoids the character is very feebly marked.

1898, Alfred Henry Allen, Henry Leffmann, Joseph Merritt Matthews, Commercial Organic Analysis:

While the errors of the indirect procedure are chiefly manifested at high blood sugar levels, still we feel that in any critical study of the saccharoids the direct yeast procedure is the method of choice.

1938, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, volume 125, page 467:

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide that resembles a sugar, often insoluble and not sweet.


temporin

en-noun

temporin (countable and uncountable, plural temporins)

Rana temporaria
Rana temporaria#Translingual

(biochemistry) Any of a family of peptides isolated originally from the skin secretion of the European red frog, Rana temporaria.


bacteriopheophytin

(biochemistry) Any pheophytin of bacterial origin


acetylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes acetylation or deacetylation


adipogenesis

adipogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural adipogeneses)

(biochemistry) The formation of fatty tissue; lipogenesis


pheophytin

(biochemistry) A chlorophyll from which the central magnesium atom has been removed


carbon sequestration

(biochemistry) The natural removal of carbon from the atmosphere by the soil and plants


androstenedione

androstenedione (countable and uncountable, plural androstenediones)

(biochemistry, steroids) A steroid sex hormone C₁₉H₂₆O₂ that is secreted by the testes, ovaries, and adrenal cortex and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone and estrogen.


paracaspase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of caspases found in animals and slime moulds


osteoprotegerin

From osteo- (“bone”) + Latin prōtegere (“to cover, to protect”) + -in.

confix

(biochemistry) A cytokine that can inhibit the production of osteoclasts.


chronometabolism

(biochemistry) Any metabolism that is time-dependent, especially because of circadian rhythms


chlorophyllide

(biochemistry) Any water-soluble breakdown product of chlorophyll formed by hydrolysis or enzyme action


biotinylation

en-noun

biotinylation (countable and uncountable, plural biotinylations)

(biochemistry) The attachment of a biotin residue to a biological macromolecule in order to label it.


calcineurin

calcineurin (countable and uncountable, plural calcineurins)

… the European Dermatology Forum consensus group has recently published guidelines favoring the use of topical calcineurin inhibitors as a first-line option for face and neck on a bidaily [twice-daily] basis …

2016 June 14, Khaled Ezzedine, Nanette Silverberg, “A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo in Children”, in Pediatrics, volume 138, number 1, →DOI, page e20154126:

(biochemistry) A protein phosphatase that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T cells


depalmitoylation

(biochemistry) The removal of palmitate esters bound to a protein


degradosome

(biochemistry) A multi-protein complex, present in most bacteria, that is involved in the degradation of mRNA


gephyrin

From Ancient Greek γέφυρα (géphura, “bridge”) + -in.

der

(biochemistry) A protein associated with synapses.


alternan

(biochemistry) The glucan produced by the enzyme alternansucrase.


hemicomplex

(biochemistry) Either of a pair of subunits of a complex


hydroxytamoxifen

en-noun

hydroxytamoxifen (countable and uncountable, plural hydroxytamoxifens)

(biochemistry) A metabolite of tamoxifen; it is being considered as a therapy for breast cancer.


immunophenotyping

(biochemistry) A technique that uses antibodies to study the expression of proteins by cells.


intersectin

(biochemistry) An adaptor protein involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis


isoprenylated

en-adj

isoprenylated (comparative more isoprenylated, superlative most isoprenylated)

more isoprenylated (comparative)
most isoprenylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) Modified by isoprenylation


isoprenylation

en-noun

isoprenylation (countable and uncountable, plural isoprenylations)

(biochemistry) The addition of a hydrophobic isoprenoid group to a protein to facilitate attachment to cell membranes.


deoxyuridine

deoxyuridine (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyuridines)

A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that cells receiving HDAC4 shRNA died from apoptosis […]

2009 January 9, Bo Chen, Constance L. Cepko, “HDAC4 Regulates Neuronal Survival in Normal and Diseased Retinas”, in Science, volume 323, number 5911:

(biochemistry) A deoxyribonucleoside related to uridine


collagenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that breaks the peptide bonds in collagen.


arabinonucleic acid

arabinonucleic acid (plural arabinonucleic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a range of arabinosides of nucleic acids


aminoacylated

en-adj

aminoacylated (comparative more aminoacylated, superlative most aminoacylated)

more aminoacylated (comparative)
most aminoacylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) That has been reacted with an amino acid (especially of a tRNA molecule)

aminoacilado

that has been reacted with an amino acid


allophycocyanin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of accessory pigments to chlorophyll

aloficocianina

any of a group of accessory pigments to chlorophyll


bacterioferritin

(biochemistry) An oligomeric protein, similar to ferritin, found in various bacteria


biglycan

en-noun

biglycan (countable and uncountable, plural biglycans)

(biochemistry) A small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan which is found in a variety of extracellular matrix tissues, including bone, cartilage and tendon


amphotericin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of amphoteric antibiotic and antifungal agents derived from Streptomyces bacteria.


lubricin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of water-soluble glycoproteins that provide lubrication to articular cartilage.


granzyme

(biochemistry) Any of a series of serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within natural killer cells


lamin

From lamina + -in, from their involvement in the nuclear lamina.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of fibrous proteins that provide structure, and regulate transcription in a cell nucleus


actinin

(biochemistry) Any of several microfilament proteins that have a function in the attachment of actin fibres in muscle cells

actinina

protein responsible for the attachment of actin fibres in muscle cells


biodistribution

(biology, biochemistry) The distribution (static and dynamic) of compounds within a biological system or within an organism


bistramide

(biochemistry) Any of several highly potent antiproliferative marine bisamides found in Lissoclinum bistratum


bromouridine

(biochemistry) Any bromo derivative of uridine, but especially 5-bromouridine, whose triphosphate is used to immunocytochemically label newly synthesized RNA in living cells


chaperonin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of chaperone proteins


anammox

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a part of the nitrogen cycle


chemokinesis

(biochemistry, physical chemistry) The motile response of an organism to chemical compounds, especially at a cellular level


chlorosulfolipid

(biochemistry) Any of several lipids consisting of chlorinated alkyl sulfates.


titin

titan + -in. From being a titanic (titan) protein (-in); a very large protein, the largest known prior to the discovery of PKZILLAs.

In order to measure the pattern of force-dependent stretching of TR, we designed a DNA construct encoding for I27 2 -T R -I27 2 [TR flanked by two molecules of the I27 (27th immunoglobular domain of human cardiac titin), which has well-characterized mechanical properties.]

2009 January 30, Armando del Rio et al., “Stretching Single Talin Rod Molecules Activates Vinculin Binding”, in Science:

(biochemistry) A protein important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues.


chondroitin

(biochemistry) Any of a range of mucopolysaccharides, derived from galactosamine and glucuronic acid, that occur in cartilage and bone.


chromoshadow

(biochemistry) A protein domain associated with chromodomain.


autoanalyser

(analytical chemistry, biochemistry) Any of several different devices that partially automate analysis.


cochaperonin

(biochemistry) Any of several materials that form complexes with a chaperonin


SUMOylate

en-verb

SUMOylate (third-person singular simple present SUMOylates, present participle SUMOylating, simple past and past participle SUMOylated)

SUMOylates (present singular third-person)
SUMOylating (participle present)
SUMOylated (participle past)
SUMOylated (past)

From SUMO + -yl + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

(transitive, biochemistry) To attach to (a protein) via SUMOylation.


tetrapeptide

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An organic compound formed from four amino acids joined by peptide bonds.


phospholamban

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates the Ca2+ pump in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle cells.


deoxyhaemoglobin

en-noun

deoxyhaemoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyhaemoglobins)

(biochemistry) The form of haemoglobin that has released its oxygen


deconvolute

en-verb

deconvolute (third-person singular simple present deconvolutes, present participle deconvoluting, simple past and past participle deconvoluted)

deconvolutes (present singular third-person)
deconvoluting (participle present)
deconvoluted (participle past)
deconvoluted (past)

(biochemistry) To analyze the sequence of sugars in a polysaccharide by removing them one at a time


dehalogenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a halogen atom from an organic halide


deoxynucleotidyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical derived from a deoxynucleotide


deoxyribonucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside containing deoxyribose


deoxynucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside containing a deoxy sugar


demethylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a methyl group from a compound


decarboxylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a carboxyl group, effectively removing carbon dioxide from a compound.


deubiquitinate

deubiquitinate (third-person singular simple present deubiquitinates, present participle deubiquitinating, simple past and past participle deubiquitinated)

deubiquitinates (present singular third-person)
deubiquitinating (participle present)
deubiquitinated (participle past)
deubiquitinated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo deubiquitination


deubiquitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a deubiquitination reaction


dideoxynucleotide

(biochemistry) Any nucleotide formed from a deoxynucleotide by loss of a second hydroxy group from the deoxyribose group

(biochemistry) Any oligonucleotide consisting of two deoxynucleotides


vitellin

en-noun

vitellin (countable and uncountable, plural vitellins)

(biochemistry) A protein found in egg yolk.


dikinase

(biochemistry) Any kinase that transfers two phosphate groups


diribonucleotide

(biochemistry) A small segment of RNA consisting of two ribonucleotide monomers


endoglin

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein located on the surface of cells


renin

renin (countable and uncountable, plural renins)

(biochemistry) A circulating enzyme released by mammalian kidneys that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Due to its activity which ultimately leads to the formation of angiotensin II and aldosterone, this hormone plays a role in maintaining blood pressure.


bicuculline

bicuculline (countable and uncountable, plural bicucullines)

(biochemistry) A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABA receptors; it is used in the study of epilepsy


calpastatin

(biochemistry) A protein (with a corresponding gene of the same name) that is an endogenous calpain inhibitor


dimerizer

(biochemistry) Such a compound involved in the transcription of nucleic acid.


arrestin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that regulate signal transduction within cells.

arrestina

any of a group of proteins that regulate signal transduction within cells


crystallin

crystallin (countable and uncountable, plural crystallins)

(biochemistry) A globulin found in the lens of the eye.


exoglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any glycosidase enzyme that hydrolyses a terminal glycosidic bond


expansin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of non-enzymatic proteins, found in plant cell walls, that have many functions related to growth


fibrillarin

(biochemistry) A component of several ribonucleoproteins.


filamin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that bind actin filaments and anchor membrane proteins.


glycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a glycoside


fractalkine

(biochemistry) The human form of the chemokine protein


exportin

(biochemistry) A protein that transports other cargo proteins from the nucleus of a cell to the cytoplasm.


forkhead

(biochemistry) A sequence of amino acids that forms a motif, in FOX proteins, that binds to DNA.


glutamylcysteine

(biochemistry) A dipeptide derived from glutamic acid and cysteine


glucohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of sugars containing a glucose residue


glycosylhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of many enzymes that hydrolyse glycosides


golgin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of coiled-coil proteins that tether vesicles to the Golgi apparatus


glucosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl group


giantin

(biochemistry) A large protein present in the membrane of the Golgi body.


genistein

2004, Mepur H. Ravindranath, Sakunthala Muthugounder, Naftali Presser, Subramanian Viswanathan, "Anticancer Therapeutic Potential of Soy Isoflavone, Genistein", Edwin Lowell Cooper, Nobuo Yamaguchi (editors), Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Biomedicine, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Volume 546, page 121,
Genistein (4'5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone) occurs as a glycoside (genistin) in the plant family Leguminosae, which includes the soybean (Glycine max).

2008, Audrey King Batoon, Prevention of Genomic Instability by the Dietary Antimutagens Genistein and Lycopene, PhD thesis, page 163,
Dietarily-relevant, low micromolar concentrations of genistein and lycopene were found to be effective mitigators against the genomic instability present in the MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and BT-474 breast cancer cells.

2012, Y. Wu, H.-D. Chen, Y.-H. Li, X.-H. Gao, V. R. Preedy, 5: Antioxidants and skin: an overview, Victor R. Preedy (editor), Handbook of Diet, Nutrition and the Skin, page 85,
Isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are one main group of phytoestrogens.

Genista tinctoria
Genista tinctoria#Translingual

(biochemistry) A pale yellow isoflavone derivative C₁₅H₁₀O₅ originally obtained from dyer's broom (Genista tinctoria) and also present as a glycoside in soybeans and other leguminous plants, which has antioxidant, estrogenic, and other physiological effects in humans and animals.


homomultimeric

(biochemistry) Describing a protein containing two or more identical polypeptide chains


heteromultimeric

en-adj

heteromultimeric (comparative more heteromultimeric, superlative most heteromultimeric)

more heteromultimeric (comparative)
most heteromultimeric (superlative)

(biochemistry) Describing a protein containing two or more different polypeptide chains


hyaluronan

(biochemistry) The polysaccharide hyaluronic acid.


hypermethylated

hypermethylated (comparative more hypermethylated, superlative most hypermethylated)

more hypermethylated (comparative)
most hypermethylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) methylated to an abnormally high degree


hypoacetylated

hypoacetylated (comparative more hypoacetylated, superlative most hypoacetylated)

more hypoacetylated (comparative)
most hypoacetylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) acetylated to an abnormally small extent


hyaluronidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid


hydroxytryptophan

(biochemistry) A hydroxy derivative of tryptophan; especially 5-hydroxytryptophan which is a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin


hypomodified

hypomodified (comparative more hypomodified, superlative most hypomodified)

more hypomodified (comparative)
most hypomodified (superlative)

(biochemistry, genetics) modified to an abnormally small degree


immunophenotype

en-verb

immunophenotype (third-person singular simple present immunophenotypes, present participle immunophenotyping, simple past and past participle immunophenotyped)

immunophenotypes (present singular third-person)
immunophenotyping (participle present)
immunophenotyped (participle past)
immunophenotyped (past)

In our laboratory immunophenotyping of acute leukemias is routinely performed from bone marrow mononuclear cell (MNC) preparations. In cases with insufficient marrow material peripheral blasts are immunophenotyped using the whole blood lysis method.

2013 April 30, Elisa Einwallner, Almira Subasic, Andrea Strasser, Dorothea Augustin, Renate Thalhammer, Irene Steiner, Ilse Schwarzinger, “Lysis matters: Red cell lysis with FACS Lyse affects the flow cytometric enumeration of circulating leukemic blasts”, in Journal of Immunological Methods, volume 390, numbers 1–2, →DOI, page 127:

(transitive, biochemistry) To perform immunophenotyping on an organism.


kafirin

From kafir + -in, in reference to kaffir corn.

(biochemistry) Any of a group of storage proteins found in sorghum.


lipocalin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that transport lipids and similar molecules


latrophilin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of secretins having the ability to bind latrotoxin.


lipidation

(biochemistry) modification (especially of a protein) by association with a lipid


linearization

From linear + -ization or linearize + -ation.

(biochemistry) The conversion of a looped DNA molecule into a linear one


lymphokine

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cytokines produced by lymphocytes


lipoteichoic acid

en-noun

lipoteichoic acid (plural lipoteichoic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of various lipid derivatives of teichoic acids


latrotoxin

The black widow spider injects a neurotoxin called α-latrotoxin in its venom, which causes the release of acetylcholine and catecholamines at the neuromuscular junction.

2007, Melissa A. Bogle, “5: Bites and Stings”, in Kenneth A. Arndt, Jeffrey T. S. Hsu, editors, Manual of Dermatologic Therapeutics, page 37:

At present, seven different latrotoxins have been isolated from the venom of L. tredecimguttatus.

2011, Graham M. Nicholson, “Chapter 54: Spider Venom Peptides”, in Abba J. Kastin, editor, Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides, page 377:

These toxins are produced by black or brown widow spiders from the genus Latrodectus and are directed predominantly against vertebrates (α-LTX), although five homologous insect-specific latrotoxins and one crustacean-specific latrotoxin coexist in the venom of Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttans.

2011, Juan M. Pascual, “44: Disorders of Muscle Excitability”, in Scott Brady, George Siegel, R. Wayne Albers, Donald Price, editors, Basic Neurochemistry, page 797:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of neurotoxins found in the venom of spiders of the genus Latrodectus.


trypsinize

en-verb

trypsinize (third-person singular simple present trypsinizes, present participle trypsinizing, simple past and past participle trypsinized)

trypsinizes (present singular third-person)
trypsinizing (participle present)
trypsinized (participle past)
trypsinized (past)

(transitive, biochemistry) To treat (a protein) with trypsin.


malhamensilipin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of chlorosulfolipids (such as hexachloro-14-hydroxy-tetracos-1-enol-1-sulfate) that inhibit protein tyrosine kinase.


maltopyranoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside formed from the pyranose form of maltose


methyladenine

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric methyl derivatives of adenine that cause damage to DNA


methylserotonin

(biochemistry) Any of several methyl derivatives of serotonin that are agonists


methyltryptophan

(biochemistry) Any of several isomeric methyl derivatives of tryptophan that interfere with signalling in dendritic cells.


miscleavage

(biochemistry) Faulty cleavage (of a protein etc)


retromer

en-noun

retromer (countable and uncountable, plural retromers)

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins, first identified in yeast, which plays an important role in recycling transmembrane receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network.


monoubiquitination

(biochemistry) The addition of a single ubiquitin moiety to a protein substrate


cobamamide

(biochemistry) One of the components of vitamin B12


carboxyl methyltransferase

carboxyl methyltransferase (plural carboxyl methyltransferases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of a carboxyl group


claudin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that control the flow of molecules through the epithelium


defensin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cysteine-rich proteins that are active against bacteria, fungi and viruses


enhanceosome

(biochemistry, genetics) A protein complex that binds to the enhancer region of a gene


geranylation

(biochemistry) The introduction of a geranyl group into a molecule


geranylgeranylation

(biochemistry) The introduction of a geranylgeranyl group into a molecule


geranylate

en-verb

geranylate (third-person singular simple present geranylates, present participle geranylating, simple past and past participle geranylated)

geranylates (present singular third-person)
geranylating (participle present)
geranylated (participle past)
geranylated (past)

From geranylic acid + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(biochemistry) To introduce a geranyl group into a molecule


glutenin

en-noun

glutenin (countable and uncountable, plural glutenins)

Coordinate term: gliadin

The gliadin chains fold onto themselves in a compact mass, and bond weakly with each other and with the glutenin proteins. The glutenins, however, bond with each other in several ways to form an extensive, tightly knit network.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) The glutelin protein of wheat.


isoprenylcysteine

(biochemistry) An isoprenylated derivative of cysteine that forms a motif in some oncogenic proteins


myrosinase

From μύρον (múron, “myrrh”) + σίναπι (sínapi, “mustard”) (according to German Wikipedia).

(biochemistry) Any of several defense-related enzymes, in plants such as mustard, that hydrolyze glycosides, thus releasing potentially toxic substances.


nickase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that causes nicks (breaks in one strand) of nucleic acid, allowing it to unwind


nipecotic acid

(biochemistry) The agent 3-piperidinecarboxylic acid that acts upon GABA transporters


nucleoplasmin

nucleoplasmin (countable and uncountable, plural nucleoplasmins)

(biochemistry) A chaperone protein that functions in the building of nucleosomes


nonsyntaxin

(biochemistry) Any protein that is not a syntaxin


nucleotidyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that transfers nucleotide residues


occludin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of plasma-membrane proteins located at tight junctions


oligoribonucleotide

(biochemistry) An oligonucleotide made up of ribonucleotides


oestriol

oestriol (countable and uncountable, plural oestriols)

(British spelling, biochemistry, steroids) Alternative spelling of estriol.


oestrone

oestrone (countable and uncountable, plural oestrones)

(British spelling, biochemistry, steroids) Alternative spelling of estrone.


palmitoyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase involved in palmitoylation


paraxis

(biochemistry) A basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in paraxial mesoderm and developing somites


hexapeptide

(biochemistry) Any oligopeptide containing six amino acids


pyoverdin

pyoverdin (countable and uncountable, plural pyoverdins)

(biochemistry) Alternative form of pyoverdine


pyoverdine

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa#Translingual

(biochemistry) A fluorescent siderophore produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa


perforin

perforin (countable and uncountable, plural perforins)

From perforate + -in, alluding to its action on the cell membrane.

(biochemistry) A cytolytic protein found in natural killer cells.


phallacidin

Amanita phalloides
Amanita phalloides#Translingual

(biochemistry) A toxic cyclic peptide obtained from the mushroom Amanita phalloides


phallotoxin

(biochemistry) Any of several toxic cyclic peptides obtained from the mushroom Amanita phalloides


phalloidin

phalloidin (countable and uncountable, plural phalloidins)


glycolytic

en-adj

glycolytic (comparative more glycolytic, superlative most glycolytic)

more glycolytic (comparative)
most glycolytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Of, pertaining to or producing glycolysis

glicolitico

of, pertaining to or producing glycolysis


huntingtin

en-noun

huntingtin (countable and uncountable, plural huntingtins)

Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease

(biochemistry) A protein whose polymorphism is associated with Huntington's disease.


cordycepin

From translingual Cordyceps, a genus of fungus from certain species of which the compound was formerly extracted, + -in.

The results with cordycepin are less clear-cut. With cordycepin, low levels cause considerable inhibition of mRNA synthesis with little effect on embryo growth, suggesting that new mRNA may not be a requirement for early growth.

1982, A. Marcus, S. Rodaway, “Chapter 13: Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis During Germination”, in Harry Smith, Donald Grierson, editors, The Molecular Biology of Plant Development, page 347:

2011, Bao-qin Lin, Shao-ping-Li, Chapter 5: Cordyceps as an Herbal Drug, Iris F. F. Benzie, Sissi Wachtel-Galor (editors), Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects, 2nd Edition, page 84,
Many active ingredients, such as cordycepin, polysaccharides, and ergosterol, have been isolated from various Cordyceps species and account for a range of bioactivities (Table 5.3).

Cordycepin (4, 83), isolated as a crystalline metabolic product from cultures of Cordyceps militaris, exhibits inhibitory activity toward the growth of many strains of Bacillus subtilis (84).

2012, Shan-ching Sung, “Chapter 6: Inhibitors of RNA and DNA Biosynthesis”, in R Hochster, editor, Metabolic Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Treatise, volume 3, page 184:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A deoxy form of adenosine.


electromobility

electromobility (countable and uncountable, plural electromobilities)


methylguanosine

methylguanosine (countable and uncountable, plural methylguanosines)

(biochemistry) A methyl derivative of guanosine that is added to the "front" end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription.


neutravidin

(biochemistry) A deglycosylated version of avidin


phosphoacceptor

(biochemistry) A site on a biological macromolecule at which phosphorylation takes place


phosphocreatine

phosphocreatine (usually uncountable, plural phosphocreatines)

(biochemistry) A phosphorylated derivative of creatine that is used in muscles to store chemical energy


phosphotyrosine

phosphotyrosine (countable and uncountable, plural phosphotyrosines)

(biochemistry) A phosphorylated derivative of tyrosine that is active in signal transduction and regulation of enzymatic activity


remineralization

remineralization (countable and uncountable, plural remineralizations)

(biochemistry) The continuous reintroduction of minerals into bone and teeth.


phosphorothioate

(biochemistry) A derivative of phosphate in which an oxygen atom is replaced with sulfur; especially such a variant of nucleic acid


phosphopantetheine

(biochemistry) A derivative of coenzyme A essential to the function of carrier proteins


phosphotransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group (phosphorylation)


carrier protein

carrier protein (plural carrier proteins)

(biochemistry) Any protein whose function is to transport small molecules (or other proteins) through biological membranes


phytoerythrin

(biochemistry) A red pigment obtained from certain lichen


photoconverted

en-adj

photoconverted (comparative more photoconverted, superlative most photoconverted)

more photoconverted (comparative)
most photoconverted (superlative)

(biochemistry, of a protein etc) modified by photoconversion


phytase

(biochemistry) A phosphatase, present in cereals, that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid into inositol and phosphoric acid.


photoaffinity labeling

(biochemistry) A technique in which a molecular label may be reversibly bound to a biological macromolecule, the attachment being made or broken photochemically


plakoglobin

en-noun

plakoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural plakoglobins)

(biochemistry) A catenin protein that is a component of desmosomes.


tachykinin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of widespread neuropeptides that excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, and contract muscles.


polyprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein (especially ones produced by viruses) that cleave to produce a number of polypeptides, some of which act as hormones


polyphenylalanine

(biochemistry) A polypeptide (or fragment) containing only phenylalanine


abasic

From abasia + -ic (“having the nature of”).

(biochemistry, of a site in a DNA molecule) That has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base.


abasic

(genetics, biochemistry) Missing a nucleotide base


synaptojanin

(biochemistry) A protein involved in vesicle uncoating in neurons.


synapsin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins implicated in the regulation of neurotransmitter release at synapses


clavulanic

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to clavulanic acid or its derivatives.


clavulanate

From clavulanic acid + -ate (“salt, ester”).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of clavulanic acid.


ectodin

ectodin (countable and uncountable, plural ectodins)

bone morphogenetic protein
bone morphogenetic protein

(biochemistry) A secreted inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins


bone morphogenetic protein

bone morphogenetic protein (plural bone morphogenetic proteins)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that encourage the formation of bone and cartilage


elongator

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with histone acetylation


glycation

(biochemistry) non-enzymatic reaction of a sugar and an amine group of a protein to form a glycoprotein


endoglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that releases oligosaccharides from glycoproteins or glycolipids


hypomethylated

en-adj

hypomethylated (comparative more hypomethylated, superlative most hypomethylated)

more hypomethylated (comparative)
most hypomethylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) Less than normally methylated


leucoagglutinin

en-noun

leucoagglutinin (countable and uncountable, plural leucoagglutinins)

(biochemistry) An antigenic glycoprotein that causes agglutination of white blood cells


paxillin

paxillin (countable and uncountable, plural paxillins)

(biochemistry) A signal transduction adaptor protein


phosphoribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a phosphoribosyl group


presenilin

From presenile + -in, since they were first identified in screens for mutations causing early onset forms of familial Alzheimer's disease.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of transmembrane proteins


probasin

(biochemistry) A protein expressed in the epithelial cells of the prostate.


prominin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of polytopic membrane proteins found in all animals


procapsid

(biochemistry) A capsid that contains no viral nucleic acid.


procollagen

(biochemistry) The precursor of collagen; it is formed in fibroblasts and converted to collagen by a peptidase.


pseudokinase

(biochemistry) A protein containing a catalytically inactive kinase domain.


protochlorophyllide

(biochemistry) Any of several fluorescent pigments that are converted to chlorophyll by photoconversion.


pseudosubstrate

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudosubstrate.wav

(biochemistry) Any substance that mimics the substrate of an enzyme and thus inhibits its activity


pyrin

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates the body's inflammatory response to trauma.


episialin

episialin (countable and uncountable, plural episialins)

By surface analysis, epithel(ium) + sial(omuc)in or By surface analysis, epi- + sial- + -in; the first most likely reflects the historical origin.

surf

(biochemistry) An epithelial sialomucin.


intimin

(biochemistry) An adhesin of certain strains of E. coli.


galactosyldiacylglycerol

(biochemistry) A glycerophospholipid that, along with sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, is an important component of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and one of the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues.


cofilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins which disassemble actin filaments


sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol lipids have also been identified in phototrophic and a few other bacterial species.

2001, Bertram Fraser-Reid, editor, Glycoscience, page 2085:

There are four major glyceroplipid components in the thylakoid membranes, namely, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG).

2009, Hajime Wada, Norio Murata, editors, Lipids in Photosynthesis, page 2:

(biochemistry) A glycerophospholipid that, along with galactosyldiacylglycerol, is an important component of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and one of the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues.


monastrol

(biochemistry) A compound that inhibits mitosis by interfering with a kinesin protein


osmoprotectant

(biochemistry) Any osmolyte that helps an organism to survive osmotic stress.


melanocortin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of pituitary peptide hormones


hematin

en-noun

hematin (countable and uncountable, plural hematins)

From Ancient Greek αἷμᾰ (haîmă, “blood”) + -in. By surface analysis, hemat- + -in.

When the stain is of recent date, or supposed to be so, the red corpuscles should be particularly examined, and every care should be taken to preserve them without change. The stains must not be washed with water, so that the hæmatin may not be altered.

1873 December 5, “The Examination of Blood-Stains”, in William Crookes, editor, The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science, volume XXVIII, number 732, page 291:

A urinary pH of 5.6 or less causes myoglobin to dissociate into globin and hematin (Reilly & Salluzzo, 1990).

2005, Sharon G. Childs, “Rhabdomyolysis”, in Orthopaedic Nursing, volume 24, number 6, →PMID, page 445:

(biochemistry) Hemoglobin with iron in ferric state.

This study was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in premenopausal women between 18 and 50 years old with cyclic (22 to 35 days) abnormal uterine bleeding in ≥4 of the last 6 menstrual cycles, menstrual blood loss ≥80 mL as measured by the alkaline hematin method over the first 8 days of menses, ≥1 discrete uterine fibroid of any size and location observable by transvaginal ultrasound, follicle-stimulating hormone ≤20 mIU/mL, and uterine volume ≤20 weeks by exam.

2016 May 9, “Allergan and Richter Announce Positive Phase III Results for Ulipristal Acetate 5 and 10 mg in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids”, in PR Newswire:


repalmitoylated

(biochemistry) palmitoylated again, following deacylation


renaturation

(biochemistry) The reconstruction of the original form of a protein or nucleic acid following denaturation


repressilator

Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli#Translingual

green fluorescent protein
green fluorescent protein

(biochemistry) An artificial system, genetically implemented using Escherichia coli and green fluorescent protein, that exhibits stable oscillation.


renature

en-verb

renature (third-person singular simple present renatures, present participle renaturing, simple past and past participle renatured)

renatures (present singular third-person)
renaturing (participle present)
renatured (participle past)
renatured (past)

From re- + nature, coined as an opposite to denature.

(biochemistry) To reconstruct the original form of a protein or nucleic acid following denaturation


rottlerin

(biochemistry) A protein kinase inhibitor derived from the kamala tree (Mallotus philippinensis, syn. Rottlera tinctoria).


ribonucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside component of RNA.


beta-lactamase

(biochemistry) An enzyme produced by certain bacteria, responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin.


selenomethionine

en-noun

selenomethionine (countable and uncountable, plural selenomethionines)

(biochemistry) An amino acid related to methionine by the replacement of its sulfur atom by one of selenium


amyloglucosidase

(biochemistry) A form of amylase used industrially to produce sugars from starches

amiloglucosidasi

a form of amylase used industrially to produce sugars from starches


carbonic anhydrase

carbonic anhydrase (plural carbonic anhydrases)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate


chymotrypsinogen

(biochemistry) An inactive precursor to chymotrypsin


amyloidogenesis

(biochemistry) The production of amyloid


annepressin

(biochemistry) A homologous form of oxytocin/vasopressin found in segmented worms


annetocin

(biochemistry) A homologous form of oxytocin/vasopressin found in segmented worms.


cyclosome

anaphase-promoting complex
anaphase-promoting complex


anaphase-promoting complex

anaphase-promoting complex (plural anaphase-promoting complexes)

(biochemistry) A complex of several proteins which is activated during mitosis to initiate the anaphase

complexo promotor de anáfase

protein complex activated during mitosis to initiate anaphase


incretin

islets of Langerhans
islets of Langerhans

(biochemistry) A gastrointestinal hormone causing an increase in the amount of insulin released from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans after eating, even before blood glucose levels become elevated.


myristoylation

(biochemistry) The attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein or polypeptide


pinin

pinin (countable and uncountable, plural pinins)

(biochemistry) A protein associated with desmosome


hexokinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of a hexose


phosphofructokinase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of kinase enzymes that convert fructose phosphates to biphosphates


amino-terminal

(biochemistry) Describing the amino acid, at one end of a polypeptide or protein, that has a free amino group

aminoterminal

of an amino acid, having a free amino group


glucanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that breaks down a glucan


glucoamylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes the glucoside bond in starches and dextrins


glucosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses glucosides


securin

(biochemistry) A protein involved in anaphase triggering.


steptavidin

(biochemistry) A protein, having a structure containing four cavities, that has a high affinity for biotin


stargazin

From stargaze + -in, since modifications of the protein caused mice to gaze upward in experiments.

(biochemistry) A brain-specific transmembrane protein associated with a form of epilepsy


stomatin

stomatin (countable and uncountable, plural stomatins)

(biochemistry) An erythrocyte membrane protein.


ligninase

(biochemistry) Any of various enzymes that break down lignin


pectinase

(biochemistry) Any protease that break down pectin.


xylanase

(biochemistry) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan


orotidine

(biochemistry) A nucleoside formed by reaction of orotic acid with ribose


tetrahydrofolate

tetrahydrofolic acid
tetrahydrofolic acid#English

(biochemistry) The conjugate base of, or any salt or ester of, tetrahydrofolic acid; it is a coenzyme, formed by reduction of folic acid, involved in the biosynthesis of purines.


brassinolide

(biochemistry) A brassinosteroid that promotes cell elongation and division.


betulin

betulin (countable and uncountable, plural betulins)

(biochemistry) A naturally-abundant triterpene, commonly isolated from the bark of birch trees, that can be converted to betulinic acid


succinylacetone

(biochemistry) A metabolite that occurs in the blood of people with tyrosinaemia


syncytin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of captive retroviral envelope proteins involved in human placental morphogenesis


synaptonemal

From synapto- (“(cytology) synapsis”) + Ancient Greek νῆμα (nêma, “thread”) + -al.

af

(biochemistry) Describing a protein complex that forms during meiosis


epimerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry.


anticholesterol

(biochemistry) A naturally occurring antibody to cholesterol produced by mammals.


tetraribonucleotide

(biochemistry) Any oligoribonucleotide containing four ribonucleotide units


thapsigargin

en-noun

thapsigargin (usually uncountable, plural thapsigargins)

(biochemistry) A sesquiterpene lactone that is an inhibitor of a certain class of enzymes.


coronin

(biochemistry) An actin binding protein which also interacts with microtubules


tetratricopeptide

(biochemistry) A repeating sequence of thirty-four amino acids in a protein


kisspeptin

kisspeptin (countable and uncountable, plural kisspeptins)

Named after the gene KISS1, itself named after the confectionery Hershey's Kisses because it was discovered in Hershey, Pennsylvania.

(biochemistry) A protein-coupled ligand that plays a role in puberty


silibinin

(biochemistry) The major active constituent of silymarin, believed to possess hepatoprotective properties.


silymarin

silymarin (countable and uncountable, plural silymarins)

Silybum marianum
Silybum marianum#Translingual

(biochemistry) A mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the blessed milk thistle (Silybum marianum), used as a source of silibinin.


transglutaminase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of lysine and glutamine groups in proteins and have a function in blood coagulation.


transpeptidation

(biochemistry) The transfer of one or more amino acids between peptides.


apyrimidinic

(biochemistry) From which pyrimidine bases have been removed.

apirimidínico

from which pyrimidine bases have been removed


caltractin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein found in Chlamydomonas


asialoglycoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein from which the sialic acid residues have been removed

asialoglicoproteína

any glycoprotein from which the sialic acid residues have been removed


autoprocessing

(biochemistry) enzymatic activity on the enzyme molecule itself


autoubiquitination

(biochemistry) Self-ubiquitination by an ubiquitinating enzyme, usually an E3 or E4 ubiquitin ligase. This activity can be direct, as in monoubiquitin of a lysine residue on the E3 or E4 itself, or indirect, through addition of ubiquitin to an existing polyubiquitin chain that is attached to the E3 or E4.


autocleavage

(biochemistry) cleavage without the use of enzymes


apurinic

en-adj

apurinic (comparative more apurinic, superlative most apurinic)

more apurinic (comparative)
most apurinic (superlative)

(biochemistry) From which purines have been removed.


cFLIP

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of caspase FLICE-like inhibitory protein.


calnexin

en-noun

calnexin (countable and uncountable, plural calnexins)

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(biochemistry) A chaperone protein of the endoplasmic reticulum.


calreticulin

calreticulin (countable and uncountable, plural calreticulins)

(biochemistry) A multifunctional protein that binds calcium ions.


centrin

centrin (usually uncountable, plural centrins)


desulfurase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of sulfur (or the elements of hydrogen sulfide) from a molecule


demannosylation

(biochemistry) The removal of mannose from a glycoprotein


cullin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that have a role in protein degradation and ubiquitinylation


deSUMOylation

(biochemistry) The removal of SUMO proteins from other proteins following function modification


cylindromatosis

(biochemistry) A cytoplasmic protein that functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme


diglycine

(biochemistry) The dipeptide formed from two glycine amino acids; such a motif in a protein


dynamin

dynamin (countable and uncountable, plural dynamins)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase responsible for endocytosis in eukaryotic cells


erasin

(biochemistry) A ubiquitin-containing protein that is involved in the degradation of the proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum


isopeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of an isopeptide bond, especially that between the terminal diglycine attached to ubiquitin


intein

(biochemistry) A segment of a protein, analogous to an intron, that is able to excise itself, the gap being closed with a peptide bond


glycanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a glycan


pyranopterin

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymatic cofactors containing a pterin coordinated to a metal ion via sulfur atoms


monoglucosylated

(biochemistry) glucosylated with a single glucose moiety


mannosylation

mannosylation (countable and uncountable, plural mannosylations)

(biochemistry) The formation of a mannose glycoside, especially one of a protein or lipid.


mannosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a mannose group between molecules


molybdopterin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of cofactors to several enzymes containing a pyranopterin coordinated to molybdenum


mannosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of mannose glycosides.


misregulation

misregulation (countable and uncountable, plural misregulations)

(biochemistry) Faulty regulation (of gene expression)


monoubiquitin

(biochemistry) A single ubiquitin moiety, especially when attached to a protein via monoubiquitination


microcin

(biochemistry) A very small bacteriocin.


glucosylated

en-adj

glucosylated (comparative more glucosylated, superlative most glucosylated)

more glucosylated (comparative)
most glucosylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) glycosylated with glucose moieties


monoubiquitinate

en-verb

monoubiquitinate (third-person singular simple present monoubiquitinates, present participle monoubiquitinating, simple past and past participle monoubiquitinated)

monoubiquitinates (present singular third-person)
monoubiquitinating (participle present)
monoubiquitinated (participle past)
monoubiquitinated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo monoubiquitination


multiubiquitination

(biochemistry) ubiquitination with multiple ubiquitin molecules


oligoubiquitin

(biochemistry) A small number of linked ubiquitin molecules, especially when formed by oligoubiquitination


nonlysine

(biochemistry) Used attributively to describe any amino acid other than lysine, especially when linked to ubiquitin


oligoubiquitination

(biochemistry) Repeated ubiquitination to add a small number of ubiquitin molecules


oligosaccharyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an oligosaccharide


phosphomimetic

(biochemistry) Any agent that mimics biological phosphorylation


polySUMOylation

(biochemistry) The existence, or the generation, of polySUMO chains.


pupylation

(biochemistry) The conjugation of the PUP protein to the amino groups of lysine amino acids in target proteins


polyubiquitinate

polyubiquitinate (third-person singular simple present polyubiquitinates, present participle polyubiquitinating, simple past and past participle polyubiquitinated)

polyubiquitinates (present singular third-person)
polyubiquitinating (participle present)
polyubiquitinated (participle past)
polyubiquitinated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo polyubiquitination


procaspase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that are the precursors of caspase


reglucosylate

reglucosylate (third-person singular simple present reglucosylates, present participle reglucosylating, simple past and past participle reglucosylated)

reglucosylates (present singular third-person)
reglucosylating (participle present)
reglucosylated (participle past)
reglucosylated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo reglucosylation


reglucosylation

(biochemistry) The reintroduction of a glucose moiety into a molecule


retrotranslocation

en-noun

retrotranslocation (countable and uncountable, plural retrotranslocations)

(biochemistry) The reverse process of translocation.


rhodanese

(biochemistry) A mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate


bacteriocin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of antibiotic toxins, produced by some bacteria, that target closely related bacteria


sulfurtransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of sulfur-containing groups between molecules


signalosome

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins, complexes of which are involved in the regulation of protein degradation.


thioquinolobactin

(biochemistry) An antifungal siderophore obtained from Pseudomonas fluorescens


trimethylguanosine

(biochemistry) Any trimethyl derivative of guanosine, but especially 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine which inhibits crosslinking of nucleic acids


tripeptidyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) Any univalent radical derived from a tripeptide.


trypanin

(biochemistry) A protein found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells


tuberin

(biochemistry) A protein found in potatoes

(biochemistry) The tuberous sclerosis protein (known as TSC2)


vimentin

From Latin vīmentum (“osier, withy”) + -in (“protein”).

af

(biochemistry) Any of a group of polypeptides that polymerize to form filaments in the cytoskeleton.

vimentine

any of a group of polypeptides that polymerize to form filaments in the cytoskeleton


triulose

(biochemistry) dihydroxyacetone considered as a ketotriose


hexosan

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide composed of hexoses.


fucoidan

(biochemistry) A sulfated polysaccharide found in several seaweeds

fukoidano

a sulfated polysaccharide found in several seaweeds


galactomannan

(biochemistry) Any of a class of polysaccharides, found in many gums, having a backbone composed of mannose with galactose sidechains.

galactomannane

any of a class of polysaccharides, found in many gums


pentosan

Thanks to its pentosans, rye flour absorbs eight times its weight in water, while wheat flour absorbs two. Unlike starch, the pentosans don't retrograde and harden after being cooked and cooled. So they provide a soft, moist texture that helps gives rye breads a shelf life of weeks.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 9, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide composed of pentoses.


glucide

en-noun

glucide (countable and uncountable, plural glucides)


flippase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme located in the membrane responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules between the two leaflets that compose a cell's membrane (transverse diffusion).


autophosphorylated

en-adj

autophosphorylated (comparative more autophosphorylated, superlative most autophosphorylated)

more autophosphorylated (comparative)
most autophosphorylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) phosphorylated as a result of autophosphorylation


phytocyanin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of blue, copper-containing proteins present in many plants


chromoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein, such as haemoglobin, that has a metal-containing pigmented group such as haem.


concatamer

(biochemistry) Alternative form of concatemer


coregulator

(biochemistry) Any of two or more compounds that jointly regulate a biological process.


dafachronic acid

en-noun

dafachronic acid (plural dafachronic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of steroid acids derived from sterols by oxidation with a cytochrome


deoxymyoglobin

(biochemistry) The form of myoglobin that is not complexed with an oxygen molecule


deoxycholic

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to deoxycholic acid or its derivatives


dystroglycan

dystroglycan (countable and uncountable, plural dystroglycans)

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein associated with dystrophin.


flopless

(biochemistry) Describing the asymmetric behaviour of a flippase in moving a phospholipid in one direction only.


flotillin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins responsible for creating ordered platforms (or rafts) of lipids.


enterokinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, secreted by the upper intestinal mucosa, that catalyzes the activation of trypsinogen by converting it to trypsin


trypsinogen

(biochemistry) An inactive precursor of trypsin


hexahistidine

(biochemistry) An oligopeptide consisting of six molecules of histidine


glycophosphatidylinositol

(biochemistry) Any glycolipid consisting of phosphatidylinositol attached to a sugar


macerozyme

(biochemistry) An enzyme used experimentally to digest cell walls prior to organelle isolation.


lyticase

(biochemistry) A complex of endoglucanase and protease catalyzes yeast cell lysis


endoglucanase

(biochemistry) Any glucanase/cellulase that is active within the organism that produced it.


nitrosocysteine

(biochemistry) A nitroso derivative of cysteine, derived from the endothelium that acts as a vasorelaxant


neuroglobin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of vertebrate globins involved in cellular oxygen homeostasis


oligodeoxyribonucleotide

(biochemistry) Any oligonucleotide composed of deoxyribose monomers.


pectolyase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that degrade pectin


proteostasis

(biochemistry) eukaryotic protein homeostasis


remethylation

(biochemistry) methylation subsequent to demethylation


sialoadhesin

sialoadhesin (countable and uncountable, plural sialoadhesins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of lectin on the surface of macrophages


vacuolin

(biochemistry) Any of several small proteins that bind to cytoplasmic surfaces


catabolized

en-adj

catabolized (comparative more catabolized, superlative most catabolized)

more catabolized (comparative)
most catabolized (superlative)


pyrophosphohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate


glutaminolysis

(biochemistry) The metabolism of glutamine to yield a variety of products


glutaminase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid and ammonia


citrulline

(biochemistry) An amino acid, first isolated from watermelons, that is an intermediate in the urea cycle.


pro-protein

posttranslational modification
posttranslational modification

(biochemistry) Any inactive protein that can be activated by posttranslational modification


pro-peptide

(biochemistry) Any inactive peptide that can be activated by posttranslational modification


acetylspermine

(biochemistry) An acetyl derivative of spermine


acetylspermidine

en-noun

acetylspermidine (countable and uncountable, plural acetylspermidines)

(biochemistry) An acetyl derivative of spermidine


polyamine oxidase

polyamine oxidase (plural polyamine oxidases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a polyamine, but especially of acetylspermine to acetylspermidine and aminopropanal


resolvase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that repress transposases


thymidylate

From thymidylic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of thymidylic acid.


thymidylic acid

(biochemistry) A nucleotide composed of thymine, ribose and phosphoric acid.


glucooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide having glucose residues


quinoprotein

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that have quinones as cofactors.


nonapeptide

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An oligopeptide formed from nine amino acids


decapeptide

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An oligopeptide formed from ten amino acids.


kininogen

(biochemistry) Any of a set of proteins defined by their primary role as precursors for kinin


bradykinin

en-noun

bradykinin (countable and uncountable, plural bradykinins)

From Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow, brady-”) + Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “motion”) + -in.

af

slow, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">brady-</i>

(biochemistry) A compound released in the blood in some circumstances which causes contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels. It is a peptide with nine amino-acid residues.


kallikrein

en-noun

kallikrein (countable and uncountable, plural kallikreins)

From Ancient Greek κᾰλλίκρεᾰς (kăllíkreăs, “sweetbread, pancreas”) + -in, from κᾰλλί- (kăllí-, “beautiful”) + κρέᾰς (kréăs, “flesh, meat”).

af

(biochemistry) A hypotensive protease that liberates kinins from blood plasma proteins and is used therapeutically for vasodilation.


zingiberene

(biochemistry) A monocyclic sesquiterpene, the predominant constituent of the oil of ginger.


kinin

Derived from Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō) meaning "to move or stimulate" + -in.

The kinin work comes at a time when "there has not been a whole lot of interest in the common cold," Dr. Couch said, adding that he believed scientists had begun to view cold research as "a hopeless area."

1987 October 6, Gina Kolata, “Clever Strategy Shows Promise Against Colds”, in The New York Times:

Indeed, it’s possible to create the full storm of cold symptoms with no cold virus at all, but only a potent cocktail of the so-called inflammatory mediators that the body makes itself[,] among them, cytokines, kinins, prostaglandins and interleukins, powerful little chemical messengers that cause the blood vessels in the nose to dilate and leak, stimulate the secretion of mucus, activate sneeze and cough reflexes and set off pain in our nerve fibers.

2010 October 4, Jennifer Ackerman, “How Not to Fight Colds”, in The New York Times:

(biochemistry) Any of various structurally related polypeptides of the autacoid family, such as bradykinin and kallikrein, that act locally to induce vasodilation and contraction of smooth muscle.


ethionine

en-noun

ethionine (countable and uncountable, plural ethionines)

(biochemistry) A toxic and carcinogenic non-proteinogenic amino acid structurally related to methionine, with an ethyl group in place of the methyl group.


stachyose

(biochemistry) A tetrasaccharide found in many vegetables and plants, used as a sweetener or for its functional oligosaccharide property.


ATPase

adenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphate

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

(biochemistry) A type of enzyme which works to convert adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate ion, thereby releasing energy to be used in cellular activity.


macroelement

(biochemistry) Any chemical element for which the human body has a daily requirement of greater than about 100mg

macroelemento

element for which the human body has a daily requirement of greater than 100mg


angiotensinogen

angiotensinogen (countable and uncountable, plural angiotensinogens)

(biochemistry) A globulin produced by the liver


calorigenesis

(biochemistry) The production of heat via the digestion of food, or by the action of certain hormones


parvalbumin

parvalbumin (countable and uncountable, plural parvalbumins)

(biochemistry) A small albumin protein of the nervous system that binds calcium.


creatine kinase

creatine kinase (plural creatine kinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of creatine and uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP).


digoxin

digoxin (countable and uncountable, plural digoxins)

1930s, contracted from digitoxin, from Digitalis lanata + toxin.

Digitalis lanata
Digitalis lanata#Translingual

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A poisonous compound present in the foxglove (Digitalis lanata) and other plants. It is a steroid glycoside and is used in small doses as a cardiac stimulant.


isoprostane

essential fatty acid
essential fatty acid

(biochemistry) Any of various prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo from the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of essential fatty acids (primarily arachidonic acid) without the direct action of cyclooxygenase enzyme.


resolvin

eicosapentaenoic acid
eicosapentaenoic acid

docosahexaenoic acid
docosahexaenoic acid

(biochemistry) Any of various compounds that are made by the human body from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, believed to reduce cellular inflammation.


docosatriene

From docosa- (“22”) + tri- (“3”) + -ene (“double-bonded carbon”). From having 22 carbons, with three double-bonded carbon-carbons.

af

(biochemistry) A compound containing conjugated triene structures generated from docosahexaenoic acid.


isofuran

(biochemistry) Any of various nonclassic eicosanoids formed nonenzymatically by free radical mediated peroxidation of arachidonic acid, similar to the isoprostanes but with a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring.


neurofuran

(biochemistry) Any of various 22-carbon compounds, similar to the isofurans, formed nonenzymatically by free radical mediated peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid.


hirudin

en-noun

hirudin (countable and uncountable, plural hirudins)

(biochemistry) A peptide, obtained from the salivary glands of leeches, that is used as an anticoagulant.

هيرودين

peptide obtained from the salivary glands of leeches


sialyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sialic acid moieties (especially to certain glycolipids)


immunomagnetic separation

immunomagnetic separation (countable and uncountable, plural immunomagnetic separations)

(biochemistry) A laboratory technique for separating cells by means of their antigens becoming bound to antibodies coating microscopic paramagnetic beads, which can then be separated from the medium by magnetic attraction.


reticulin

(biochemistry) A scleroprotein, similar to collagen, found in lymphatic connective tissue


scleroprotein

(biochemistry) Any of many fibrous proteins found in connective tissue etc.


uridylate

From uridylic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of uridylic acid.


lipoprotein lipase

lipoprotein lipase (plural lipoprotein lipases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a lipoprotein


amicyanin

(biochemistry) A specific protein that plays a role in electron transfer, containing a copper atom.


plastocyanin

plastocyanin (countable and uncountable, plural plastocyanins)

(biochemistry) An important copper-containing protein, involved in electron transfer


hypermetabolism

hypermetabolism (countable and uncountable, plural hypermetabolisms)

(biochemistry) The physiological state of increased metabolic activity, typically occurring after significant damage to the body


clobenpropit

(biochemistry) A histamine H₃ antagonist that has neuroprotective effects via stimulation of GABA release in the brain. Chemical symbol: C₁₄H₁₇ClN₄S.


aldolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, present in some tissue, that catalyses the conversion of phosphates of fructose to those of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone


diphosphatase

(biochemistry, especially in combination) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the diphosphate of a specific nucleotide or other biochemical compound


euglobulin

(biochemistry) A fraction of serum proteins obtained as a precipitate by adjusting salt levels and pH.


TSH

But I had my blood levels taken at the laboratory about a month ago, and I had an unusually high concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)—about ten times the normal amount—which means that the lithium is wreaking havoc on my glands, which means that I could end up in a really bad physical state.

1994, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 4:

thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of thyroid-stimulating hormone.


cellopentaose

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide, consisting of five glucose residues, formed by hydrolysis of cellulose.


trimethyltransferase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of three methyl groups


deoxyadenosine

deoxyadenosine (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyadenosines)

(biochemistry) A deoxyribonucleoside related to adenosine


deoxythymine

(biochemistry) A deoxyribonucleoside related to thymine


deoxyguanosine

deoxyguanosine (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyguanosines)

(biochemistry) A deoxyribonucleoside related to guanosine


galectin

(biochemistry) A lectin that binds galactosides


lanthionine

lanthionine (countable and uncountable, plural lanthionines)

(biochemistry) An analogue of cystine consisting of two alanine residues connected by a single sulfur atom


dihydroxyphenylalanine

(biochemistry) Either of two enantiomers of a derivative of the amino acid tyrosine.


SNP

Our results also identified the causative mutation of polydactylous Silkie was not exist in other nonpolydactyly chickens, suggesting that SNP of polydactyly in Silkie has fully penetrated all other indigenous Chinese chicken breeds.

2016 February 10, “Parallel Evolution of Polydactyly Traits in Chinese and European Chickens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Acronym of single-nucleotide polymorphism (a single base pair of DNA which is polymorphic with respect to a population).


amylopsin

(biochemistry) A pancreatic form of amylase.


hydrocholeretic

(biochemistry) That increases the volume of secretion of bile from the liver without increasing the amount of solid matter secreted.


colicin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins, secreted by certain strains of bacteria, that kill but do not lyse other strains


fusion protein

(biochemistry) A protein formed by genetically fusing or combining a gene encoding a target protein of interest with a gene encoding a protein or portion of protein that adds a desired functionality to the target.


affinity reagent

affinity reagent (plural affinity reagents)

Finally, the recovery of the target protein should be attempted by washing with a suitable eluant so that the target protein dissociates from the affinity reagent.

1994, G. Street, chapter 2, in Highly selective separations in biotechnology, →ISBN, page 10:

(biochemistry) An antibody, peptide, nucleic acid, or other small molecule that specifically binds to a larger target molecule in order to identify, track, capture, or influence its activity.


fusion tag

(biochemistry) A short peptide, protein domain, or entire protein that can be fused to a target protein of interest to create a fusion protein.


pseudocholinesterase

pseudocholinesterase (countable and uncountable, plural pseudocholinesterases)

(biochemistry) One of the two types of cholinesterase (the other being acetylcholinesterase), found primarily in the liver where it hydrolyses butyrylcholine.


agglutinogen

(biochemistry) Any antigen that stimulates the production of an agglutinin


galactogen

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide composed of galactose residues.


peptogenic

en-adj

peptogenic (comparative more peptogenic, superlative most peptogenic)

more peptogenic (comparative)
most peptogenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Producing peptones or pepsin


pepsinogen

(biochemistry) A zymogen that is converted into pepsin by the hydrochloric acid in the stomach.


neddylation

(biochemistry) The process by which the protein NEDD8 is conjugated to its target proteins, analogous to ubiquitination


racemase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having only one center of asymmetry.


apoferritin

en-noun

apoferritin (countable and uncountable, plural apoferritins)

(biochemistry) Part of the ferritin that is not combined with iron


phosphoglucoisomerase

phosphoglucoisomerase (countable and uncountable, plural phosphoglucoisomerases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis.


halorhodopsin

halorhodopsin (countable and uncountable, plural halorhodopsins)

(biochemistry) A light-driven ion pump, specific to chloride ions, found in phylogenetically ancient archaea known as halobacteria.


retrocyclin

retrocyclin (countable and uncountable, plural retrocyclins)

(biochemistry, genetics) An artificial human theta-defensin shown to be effective against HIV and other viruses.


atlastin

atlastin (countable and uncountable, plural atlastins)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins whose function is to fuse cell membranes


heterochromatinization

(biochemistry) The conversion of euchromatin into heterochromatin during the inactivation of the X chromosomes in the embryogenesis of mammalian females


agmatine

(biochemistry) The amine (4-aminobutyl)guanidine which is a decarboxylation product of arginine and an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis

agmatina

amine which is a decarboxylation product of arginine


neurogranin

(biochemistry) A protein, produced in the brain, that binds calmodulin.


fluorodeoxyglucose

positron emission tomography
positron emission tomography

(biochemistry) A fluorine analog of glucose that is used in positron emission tomography

fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography


myocardin

(biochemistry) A transcription cofactor of the serum response factor.


reticulon

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins found in the endoplasmic reticulum that have a variety of functions.


formamidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of formylkynurenine to kynurenine and formate during the metabolism of tryptophan


formyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyses the transfer of a formyl group


calponin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that bind calcium.


fimbrin

(biochemistry) A protein of the calponin family


uniport

(biochemistry) transport of a molecule through a cell membrane without the coupled transport of another


tropomyosin

/ˌtɹəʊ.pəʊˈmʌɪ.əs.ɪn/

/ˌtɹəʊ.pəˈmʌɪ.əs.ɪn/

From Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn”, noun) + myosin.

af

(biochemistry) A protein involved in muscle contraction. It is related to myosin and occurs together with troponin in the thin filaments of muscle tissue.

tropomyosine

biochemistry: protein involved in muscle contraction


hydrophobin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of small, cysteine-rich proteins that are expressed only by filamentous fungi, known for their capability of forming a hydrophobic coating on the surface of an object


gyrase

en-noun

gyrase (countable and uncountable, plural gyrases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that supercoils DNA.


flavokinase

flavokinase (usually uncountable, plural flavokinases)


pericentrin

pericentriolar material
pericentriolar material

(biochemistry) A protein that binds to calmodulin and is expressed in the centrosome, an integral component of the pericentriolar material.


myeloperoxidase

myeloperoxidase (countable and uncountable, plural myeloperoxidases)

It has been shown previously that purified myeloperoxidase and crystalline horseradish peroxidase detoxify diphtheria and tetanus toxin when mixtures of crude toxin and peroxidase are dialyzed against dilute hydrogen peroxide.

1950 October, Kjell Agner, “Studies on Peroxidative Detoxification of Purified Diptheria Toxin”, in Journal of Experimental Medicine, volume 92, number 4, page 337:

(biochemistry) A peroxidase enzyme most abundantly present in neutrophil granulocytes, responsible for the greenish colour of pus and mucus.


phenolsulfonphthalein

phenolsulfonphthalein (countable and uncountable, plural phenolsulfonphthaleins)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Phenol red, a pH indicator much used in cell biology.


cysteamine

cysteamine (countable and uncountable, plural cysteamines)

(biochemistry) The simplest stable aminothiol, a degradation product of the amino acid cysteine, used to treat cystine excretion disorders and radiation sickness.


tetrahydrobiopterin

(biochemistry) A naturally-occurring nutrient and essential cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and nitric oxide.


pantetheine

pantetheine (usually uncountable, plural pantetheines)

(biochemistry) The cysteamine amide analogue of pantothenic acid, an intermediate in the production of coenzyme A by the body.


hydroxocobalamin

(biochemistry) A natural analog of vitamin B₁₂, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds, with an intense red color.


vitronectin

vitronectin (countable and uncountable, plural vitronectins)

(biochemistry) A protein of the pexin family, an abundant glycoprotein that promotes cell adhesion and spreading, inhibits the membrane-damaging effect of the terminal cytolytic complement pathway, and binds to several serpin serine protease inhibitors.


solenopsin

solenopsin (usually uncountable, plural solenopsins)

From translingual Solenopsis (“genus that includes fire ants”) + -in.

der

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An alkaloid, with chemical formula C₁₇H₃₅N, that is considered the primary toxin in fire ant venom and that inhibits angiogenesis via the phosphoinositol-3 kinase signaling pathway.


demeclocycline

From de(s)me(thyl) + chlo(rtetra)cycline.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic produced by an actinomycete Kitasatospora aureofaciens and used especially in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₁H₂₁ClN₂O₈·HCl.


flavination

(biochemistry) The reaction of a protein and a flavin to form a flavoprotein


aconitase

en-noun

aconitase (countable and uncountable, plural aconitases)

The enzyme system bringing about the reversible hydration of cisaconitic acid has been shown to be different from fumarase and termed "aconitase".

1939 June 1, William Arthur Johnson, “Aconitase”, in Biochemical Journal, volume 33, number 6, page 1046:

These are: aconitase, isocitric dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, fumarase, malic dehydrogenase, DPHN-oxidase, and cytochrome oxidase.

1959, Virginia Commission of Fisheries, Report of the Commission of Fisheries of Virginia, page 54:

The best-characterized member of iron-sulfur isomerases is mitochondrial aconitase.

2000, Louis J. Ignarro, Nitric Oxide: Biology and Pathobiology, page 301:

tricarboxylic acid cycle
tricarboxylic acid cycle

(biochemistry) Aconitate hydratase, an enzyme that catalyses the stereospecific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.


ubiquinol

ubiquinol (countable and uncountable, plural ubiquinols)

(biochemistry) A certain benzoquinol, the reduced product of ubiquinone, also called coenzyme Q₁₀.


transketolase

transketolase (countable and uncountable, plural transketolases)

pentose phosphate pathway
pentose phosphate pathway

(biochemistry) An enzyme of both the pentose phosphate pathway in animals and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, which catalyzes two important reactions.


Rieske protein

After John S. Rieske, whose team discovered and isolated the protein in 1964.

(biochemistry) An iron-sulfur protein component of cytochrome complexes.


ansamycin

From Latin ansa (“handle”) (from their unique structure) + -mycin.

secondary metabolite
secondary metabolite

(biochemistry) Any of a family of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and antiviral effects.


Calvin cycle

Named after American biologist Melvin Ellis Calvin.

named-after

(biochemistry) A series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms.


macroseeding

Repeated cycles of macroseeding were required to obtain crystals of sufficient size for data collection[…].

1998 March 6, Lance Stewart et al., “A Model for the Mechanism of Human Topoisomerase I”, in Science, volume 279, number 5356, →DOI, pages 1534–1541:

(biochemistry, macromolecular crystallography) The seeding of crystallization using an intact crystal that has already been grown


deiminated

en-adj

deiminated (comparative more deiminated, superlative most deiminated)

more deiminated (comparative)
most deiminated (superlative)

(biochemistry) Subject to deimination; citrullinated


deimination

(biochemistry, genetics) The removal or conversion of an imine group; especially the post-translational modification of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline


antianalgesia

(biochemistry) The ability of certain endogenous chemicals (notably cholecystokinin and neuropeptide Y) to counter the effects of exogenous analgesics (such as morphine) or endogenous pain-inhibiting neurotransmitters and modulators.


reelin

From reel + -in, from the abnormal gait of reeler mice, later found to be deficient in this protein.

(biochemistry) A protein that helps to regulate processes of neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain.


calbindin

en-noun

calbindin (countable and uncountable, plural calbindins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of calcium-binding proteins first described as the vitamin D-dependent calcium binding proteins in intestine and kidney.


calretinin

calretinin (countable and uncountable, plural calretinins)

(biochemistry) A vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein involved in calcium signalling and abundantly expressed in neurons; it stains mesothelioma and can help to identify lung tumours.


protoporphyrinogen oxidase

protoporphyrinogen IX
protoporphyrinogen IX

(biochemistry) An enzyme responsible for the seventh step in heme production, removing hydrogen atoms from protoporphyrinogen IX to form protoporphyrin IX.


phycoerythrobilin

phycoerythrobilin (countable and uncountable, plural phycoerythrobilins)

(biochemistry) A red phycobilin found in the phycobiliprotein phycoerythrin, of which it is the terminal acceptor of energy.


trehalase

trehalase (countable and uncountable, plural trehalases)

(biochemistry) A glycoside hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of trehalose to glucose, found in most animals.


phycourobilin

phycourobilin (usually uncountable, plural phycourobilins)

(biochemistry) A tetrapyrrole orange molecule involved in photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and red algae.


triiodothyronine

triiodothyronine (countable and uncountable, plural triiodothyronines)

(biochemistry) The most powerful thyroid hormone, affecting almost every process in the body, including body temperature, growth, and heart rate.


phycocyanin

phycocyanin (countable and uncountable, plural phycocyanins)

(biochemistry) A pigment from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, along with allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin, an accessory pigment to chlorophyll.


phosphoglucoseisomerase

(biochemistry) Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis.


phycoerythrocyanin

phycoerythrocyanin (countable and uncountable, plural phycoerythrocyanins)

(biochemistry) A phycobiliprotein involved in photosynthesis, notably in Cyanobacteria and red algae.


glyoxysome

(biochemistry) Any of various specialized peroxisomes found in plants (particularly in the fat-storage tissues of germinating seeds) and also in filamentous fungi, serving to break down fatty acids and provide enzymes to produce intermediates for the synthesis of sugars by gluconeogenesis.


glucocerebrosidase

glucocerebrosidase (countable and uncountable, plural glucocerebrosidases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that is needed to cleave, by hydrolysis, the beta-glucosidic linkage of glucocerebroside, an intermediate in glycolipid metabolism, and mutations in which cause Gaucher's disease.


anaplerotic

From anaplerosis, from Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up”) + πληρόω (plēróō, “to fill”).

(biochemistry, of a reaction) Forming intermediates of a metabolic pathway (eg. the tricarboxylic acid cycle).

anaplerótico

of a reaction: forming intermediates of a metabolic pathway


ferrochelatase

ferrochelatase (countable and uncountable, plural ferrochelatases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, localized to the mitochondrion, that catalyses the terminal (eighth) step in the biosynthesis of heme, converting protoporphyrin IX into heme


topoisomerization

(biochemistry) A variation (isomerization) in the topology of a biological macromolecule (especially a nucleic acid)


tryptone

tryptone (countable and uncountable, plural tryptones)

Cells were grown from an overnight culture in tryptone broth at 30°C and then harvested.

2000 March 3, Philippe Cluzel et al., “An Ultrasensitive Bacterial Motor Revealed by Monitoring Signaling Proteins in Single Cells”, in Science, volume 287, number 5458, →DOI, pages 1652–1655:

(biochemistry) The assortment of peptides formed by the digestion of casein by trypsin, a protease. Often used in the preparation of lysogeny broth.


phototropin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of photoreceptor flavoproteins that mediate phototropism in higher plants.


photoswitching

photoswitching (usually uncountable, plural photoswitchings)

(biochemistry) The modification of the structure of a compound by light, especially when accompanied by a change in function


photoswitch

(biochemistry) A compound whose structure is changed, and whose function is activated by light


amphiphysin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles

anfifisina

any of a class of protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles


endophilin

(biochemistry) An accessory protein that has several functions associated with cell membranes


rheostatic

en-adj

rheostatic (comparative more rheostatic, superlative most rheostatic)

more rheostatic (comparative)
most rheostatic (superlative)

From rheostat + -ic and rheostasis + -ic.

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to rheostasis.


chondroitinase

Animals that were given the treatment produced an enzyme called chondroitinase which breaks down scar tissue and allows the broken nerves to reconnect with each other.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.


depotentiation

en-noun

depotentiation (countable and uncountable, plural depotentiations)

/dɪpəˌtɛntʃɪˈeɪʃən/

(biochemistry) The action of a substance that reduces the effect of another substance


epsin

(biochemistry) A protein that has a function in maintaining cell membrane curvature


fascin

(biochemistry) An actin-bundling protein.


glycohydrolase

glycohydrolase (countable and uncountable, plural glycohydrolases)

(biochemistry) Any of many enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of glycosides


apyrase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP, releasing phosphate and available energy

apirase

any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP


griffithsin

(biochemistry) A protein, isolated from the red alga Griffithsia, that may have some use as a microbicide.


glypican

(biochemistry) Any of a family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, anchored to the cell surface via a covalent linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol.


glucuronosyltransferase

glucuronosyltransferase (countable and uncountable, plural glucuronosyltransferases)

(biochemistry) A glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the glucuronidation reaction.


thermolysin

thermolysin (countable and uncountable, plural thermolysins)

(biochemistry) A thermostable neutral metalloproteinase enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thermoproteolyticus.


nexin

(biochemistry) A protein that constitutes a link between microtubules in cilia and flagella.


tensin

tensin (countable and uncountable, plural tensins)

(biochemistry) A multidomain protein that binds to actin filaments.


prohibitin

prohibitin (countable and uncountable, plural prohibitins)

(biochemistry) A protein, found in almost all living things, thought to have multiple functions.


phosphoribosylamine

(biochemistry) An intermediate in purine metabolism.


innexin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins used to create gap junctions in invertebrates


thrombopoiesis

thrombopoiesis (usually uncountable, plural thrombopoieses)

(biochemistry) The process of thrombocyte generation.


connexon

(biochemistry) An assembly of six connexins forming a bridge called a gap junction between the cytoplasms of two adjacent cells.


phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate

(biochemistry) A pentose phosphate, formed from ribose 5-phosphate by the enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase, which plays a role in transferring phospho-ribose groups in several reactions.


aequorin

aequorin (countable and uncountable, plural aequorins)

(biochemistry) A photoprotein, isolated from luminescent jellyfish and other marine organisms, composed of two distinct units: the apoprotein apoaequorin and the prosthetic group coelenterazine.

akworyna

a photoprotein isolated from luminescent jellyfish


apoaequorin

apoaequorin (usually uncountable, plural apoaequorins)

/ˌæpəʊˈiːkwəɹɪn/

/ˌæpəʊ.iːˈkwɔːɹɪn/

(biochemistry) An apoprotein found in the photoprotein aequorin.


transaminate

en-verb

transaminate (third-person singular simple present transaminates, present participle transaminating, simple past and past participle transaminated)

transaminates (present singular third-person)
transaminating (participle present)
transaminated (participle past)
transaminated (past)

(transitive, biochemistry) To subject to transamination.


deiodinase

en-noun

deiodinase (countable and uncountable, plural deiodinases)

(biochemistry) iodide peroxidase, an enzyme that is involved in the activation or deactivation of thyroid hormones


amidophosphoribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts phosphoribosylpyrophosphate into 5-phosphoribosylamine.


bandshift assay

bandshift assay (plural bandshift assays)

In bandshift assays, hPot1p bound to the G-rich strand of human telomeric DNA.

2001 May 11, Peter Baumann, Thomas R. Cech, “Pot1, the Putative Telomere End-Binding Protein in Fission Yeast and Humans”, in Science, volume 292, number 5519, →DOI, pages 1171–1175:

(biochemistry) A type of assay using gel electrophoresis, in which the mobility of a DNA or RNA probe alone is compared to its mobility in combination with a particular protein, so as to measure the degree and nature of binding between the protein and DNA or RNA.


autoinhibit

en-verb

autoinhibit (third-person singular simple present autoinhibits, present participle autoinhibiting, simple past and past participle autoinhibited)

autoinhibits (present singular third-person)
autoinhibiting (participle present)
autoinhibited (participle past)
autoinhibited (past)

(biochemistry) To regulate a protein function through autoinhibition.


emerin

(biochemistry) A protein found in the nuclear membrane of vertebrate cells


hyperacetylation

(biochemistry) The excessive acetylation of the lysine residues of a protein (especially of a histone)


hyperacetylate

hyperacetylate (third-person singular simple present hyperacetylates, present participle hyperacetylating, simple past and past participle hyperacetylated)

hyperacetylates (present singular third-person)
hyperacetylating (participle present)
hyperacetylated (participle past)
hyperacetylated (past)

(biochemistry) To cause or be subject to hyperacetylation


iberiotoxin

Iberio of unknown origin, possibly from Iberia (“Spain”) or the plant genus Iberis, but neither are seemingly related; compound with toxin.

(biochemistry) An ion channel toxin obtained from the scorpion Buthus tamulus


arylesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl ester

arilesterase

any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl ester


pyrophosphorylase

(biochemistry) Any pyrophosphate transferase


pontin

(biochemistry) An ATPase that is a component of telomerase


cromoglicic acid

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A mast cell stabilizer, commonly marketed as its sodium salt, that prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells.


sulfiredoxin

en-noun

sulfiredoxin (countable and uncountable, plural sulfiredoxins)

(biochemistry) An oxidoreductase enzyme involved in antioxidant metabolism


bombesin

bombesin (countable and uncountable, plural bombesins)

(biochemistry) A neural oligopeptide that stimulates the release of gastrin


cavicapture

(biochemistry) The temporary capture of a small molecule in a cavity of a biological macromolecule.


exocytosed

en-adj

exocytosed (comparative more exocytosed, superlative most exocytosed)

more exocytosed (comparative)
most exocytosed (superlative)


neuromedin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of peptides related to bombesin


neurokinin

central nervous system
central nervous system

(biochemistry) A class of tachykinin oligopeptide of the mammalian central nervous system.


acidergic

acidergic (comparative more acidergic, superlative most acidergic)

more acidergic (comparative)
most acidergic (superlative)

(biochemistry, especially in combination) activated or produced by a (specific) acid


dispase

(biochemistry) A protease that cleaves fibronectin and collagen


prodynorphin

(biochemistry) An opioid polypeptide hormone involved with chemical signal transduction and cell communication.


triosephosphate

(biochemistry) Any phosphate of a triose, but especially glycerophosphate.


glycinergic

glycinergic (comparative more glycinergic, superlative most glycinergic)

more glycinergic (comparative)
most glycinergic (superlative)


kinetin

(biochemistry) A tricyclic heterocyclic plant hormone that promotes cell division


immunophilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of isomerases active in the immune system.


neurofibromin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins associated with neurofibromatosis