polyornithine

(biochemistry) The polypeptide whose constituent amino acid is ornithine


versican

(biochemistry) An extracellular matrix proteoglycan that is present in human tissue


secretome

(biochemistry) That part of a proteome consisting of proteins secreted from a cell


phogrin

(biochemistry) A protein present on insulin-secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells


foldome

(biochemistry) The totality of folded structures of proteins


syncollin

(biochemistry) A small protein found in the exocrine pancreas


flavoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any oxidoreductase that requires FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) as a prosthetic group that functions in electron transfers


glycocholic acid

(biochemistry) A crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats, a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine.


arabitol

(biochemistry) A sugar alcohol derived from the pentose arabinose

arabite

a sugar alcohol derived from the pentose arabinose


asparaginase

en-noun

asparaginase (countable and uncountable, plural asparaginases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid, used in chemotherapy.

asparaginaza

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid


promegakaryocyte

(biochemistry) A precursor cell for a megakaryocyte, arising from a megakaryoblast.


dihydrolipoamide

(biochemistry) A molecule produced by the action of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase upon lipoamide.


zymosterol

zymosterol (countable and uncountable, plural zymosterols)

(biochemistry) A cholesterol intermediate.


ibogaine

ibogaine (countable and uncountable, plural ibogaines)

The biotech is launching clinical trials looking at ibogaine […] as a treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI), they said. Ibogaine has historically been used in spiritual rituals by forest-dwelling tribes in Gabon for its mind-altering effects.

2024 July 23, Oliver Barnes, “Google co-founder Brin backs biotech tapping psychedelic shrub for remedies”, in Financial Times, page 1:

(biochemistry) A naturally-occurring psychoactive compound found in a number of plants, principally iboga (Tabernanthe iboga), and used for medicinal and ritual purposes in African spiritual traditions of the Bwiti. Its use in opioid addiction treatment seems promising but has safety issues.

ibogaína

a psychoactive compound found in some plants


ninein

(biochemistry) A protein that has a centrosomal function


transrepression

(biochemistry) The repression of the activity of one protein by another


urobilin

urobilin (countable and uncountable, plural urobilins)

(biochemistry) A yellow linear tetrapyrrole resulting from the breakdown of heme, produced when urobilinogen is oxidized by intestinal bacteria.


penicillinase

penicillinase (countable and uncountable, plural penicillinases)

To date, there have been only 23 confirmed cases of penicillinase-producing gonococcus (totally penicillin-resistant gonorrhea) reported in the United States.

1976 December 18, Carol S. Ribner, Sanford M. Reder, “Boston's Gay Health Collective Replies to GCN”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 25, page 5:

(biochemistry) A specific type of beta-lactamase showing specificity for penicillins.


stercobilin

From Latin stercus (“dung, excrement”) + Latin bīlis (“bile”).

(biochemistry) A tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, one of the end products of heme catabolism, responsible for the brown colour of human faeces


urobilinogen

(biochemistry) A colourless product of bilirubin reduction, formed in the intestines by bacterial action


biliverdin

biliverdin (countable and uncountable, plural biliverdins)

From international scientific vocabulary, from German Biliverdin. By surface analysis, bili- + Italian verde + -in. The German word was naturalized into other languages as international scientific vocabulary (e.g., biliverdin, biliverdine, biliwerdyna).

surf

(biochemistry) A green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, a product of heme catabolism, responsible for the greenish color sometimes seen in bruises.


flavan

(biochemistry) Any of a class of benzopyran derivatives, found in plants, that use the 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene skeleton


glyoxalase

en-noun

glyoxalase (countable and uncountable, plural glyoxalases)

(biochemistry) Either of a pair of related thiol-dependent enzymes: glyoxalase І, which catalyses the isomerisation of the spontaneously formed hemithioacetal adduct between GSH and 2-oxoaldehydes (such as methylglyoxal) into S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione; and glyoxalase ІІ, which hydrolyses these thiolesters.


coilin

(biochemistry) A protein that is one of the main molecular components of Cajal bodies, connecting them to the nucleolus.


intrinsic protein

intrinsic protein (plural intrinsic proteins)

(biochemistry) A protein (or group of proteins) permanently attached to a biological membrane by interactions between its hydrophobic dimer units and the phospholipids of the membrane


adrenosterone

(biochemistry) A hormone, originally isolated from the adrenal cortex, that has weak androgenic effects.


gein

Borrowed from German Geïn, coined by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1832, from Ancient Greek γήινος (gḗinos, “of earth”), from γῆ (gê, “earth”).

der

Hence, a most interesting conclusion—without salts and gein we have no vegetable production. The gein in solution is essential to fruit, and yet, without the salts, the insolubility of gein would leave the soil barren.

1843 January 9, Henry Bidleman Bascom, “Glance at the Natural History and Philosophy of Agriculture […]”, in Thomas N. Ralston, editor, Posthumous Works of the Rev. Henry B. Bascom, […], volume 2, published 1856, page 201:

The humic acid and other similar acids (ulmic, geïn, &c.) have a very strong affinity for ammonia, which itself is essential to the nourishment of forest growth, as plants have only a limited power of assimilating the free nitrogen of the air.

1893, John Nisbet, Soil and Situation in Relation to Forest Growth, page 10:

Thus with a free supply of air the residue is mainly humin; with less air it is ulmin; and when air is excluded it is gein.

1907, Philip R. Björling, Frederick T. Gissing, Peat: Its Use and Manufacture, page 6:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, dated) Humic acid.


invertin

(obsolete, biochemistry) Any enzyme that converts a sugar to an invert sugar; saccharase.


sestrin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that play key roles in regulating aging and metabolism


electron carrier

en-noun

electron carrier (plural electron carriers)

(biochemistry) Any of several classes of molecules that act as both an acceptor and donator of electrons and function in an energy-producing system such as photosynthesis.


Goα

1999. Yu, Bo. "An engineered mutant of G protein α subunit that binds xanthine nucleotide and not guanine nucleotide", Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology.
The Giα family name implies that some of its members can inhibit adenylyl cyclase upon activation, and includes three Giα isoforms, Goα (a predominately neural α subunit, two different splicing variants), […]

(biochemistry, uncountable) a type of GTP-binding protein subunit belonging to the Giα family, expressed primarily in neural cell types


GTP-binding protein

GTP-binding protein (plural GTP-binding proteins)

(biochemistry) a protein which binds GTP and catalyzes its conversion to GDP


GTP

GTP (countable and uncountable, plural GTPs)

guanosine triphosphate
guanosine triphosphate#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of guanosine triphosphate.


N-cadherin

(biochemistry) a protein found in vertebrates such as humans, mice and chickens


primary structure

primary structure (plural primary structures)

(biochemistry) The linear sequence of amino acids covalently linked by peptide bonds to form a single polypeptide chain.


protein kinase

These findings, together with previous evidence that heparin stimulates Tau phosphorylation by protein kinases, have been used to argue that sulfated glycosaminoglycans may be a critical factor in the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles.

2009, Ajit Varki with Hudson H. Freeze, “Glycans in Acquired Human Diseases”, in Varki, A., et al., editor, Essentials of Glycobiology, 2nd edition, CSH Press, →ISBN, retrieved 2009-12-05:

(biochemistry) a kinase whose substrate is a protein


nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (plural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors)

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (plural)

These results lead us to propose that the nervous system expresses diverse forms of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by combining β2 subunits with different agonist-binding α subunits.

, Deneris, Evan S., et al., “Primary structure and expression of β2: A novel subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors”, in Neuron, volume 1, →PMID, page 45:

acetylcholine receptor
acetylcholine receptor

(biochemistry) An acetylcholine receptor which is also an ion channel.


myelin protein zero

(biochemistry) the major structural protein of the peripheral myelin sheath


exocyst

(biochemistry) a eukaryotic protein complex with functions related to vesicle trafficking, leading to a role in exocytosis


(biochemistry, uncountable) a protein found in neurons, a component of the exocyst involved in regulating actin polymerization


deduced amino acid sequence

deduced amino acid sequence (plural deduced amino acid sequences)

Thus, when Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequons are present in a deduced amino acid sequence encoded by a cDNA, they are not identified categorically as N-glycan sites, but are referred to as potential N-glycan sites.

2009, Pamela Stanley with Schachter, Harry and Taniguchi, Naoyuki, “N-Glycans”, in Essentials of Glycobiology, →ISBN, →OCLC, page Ch.8/Sec.3:

(biochemistry) a sequence of amino acids predicted from a sequence of nucleotides using information about codons used in a particular organism


vasotocin

In mammals, vasopressin and oxytocin play important roles in social behaviors, and reptiles have structurally similar hormones called vasotocin and mesotocin. […] Dr. Campos’s research indicates that vasotocin may alter chemical communication between green anole lizards, and other researchers found that mesotocin may be related to courtship behaviors in brown anoles.

2022 October 24, Hannah Thomasy, “They May Have Love on Their Lizard Brains”, in The New York Times:

(biochemistry) An oligopeptide found in nonmammalian vertebrates with properties similar to oxytocin and vasopressin.


PAF

(biochemistry) Initialism of platelet-activating factor.


nerve growth factor

nerve growth factor (countable and uncountable, plural nerve growth factors)

They (trypsin-like serine proteases) are also thought to be involved in the processing or activation of other biologically important proteins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) (3–5).

1983, Philip N. Howles, Douglas P. Dickinson, Laura L. DiCaprio, Mary Woodworth-Gutai, Kenneth W Gross, “Use of a cDNA recombinant for the γ-subunit of mouse nerve growth factor to localize members of this multigene family near the TAM-1 locus on chromosome 7.”, in Nucleic Acids Research, 12, no. 6 26 March 1984: 2791:

Nerve growth factor is the prototypical member of the neurotrophin family.

1999 Landreth, Gary E. Growth Factors. In: Siegel, George J.; et al. Basic Neurochemistry. Philadelphia: Lippincott–Raven Publishers; 1999 [cited 18 December 2009]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=bnchm&part=A1358#A1364

(biochemistry) a functional protein complex required for the survival, growth and specialization of certain types of neurons in vertebrates.


glucocorticoid receptor

glucocorticoid receptor (plural glucocorticoid receptors)

The cellular site of binding of dexamethasone by specific glucocorticoid receptors in cultured hepatoma cells was investigated with the use of certain mercurials.

1972, B. B. Levinson, J. D. Baxter, G. G. Rousseau, G. M. Tomkins, “Cellular site of glucocorticoid-receptor complex formation.”, in Science, 175, no. 18 14 January 1972: 189-190:

2009 Zimmer, Carl. "Can Evolution Run in Reverse? A Study Says It’s a One-Way Street," New York Times, 28 September 2009 [cited 18 December 2009], Science section, online edition, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/29/science/29evol.html.
They studied a protein called a glucocorticoid receptor that helps humans and most other vertebrates cope with stress by grabbing a hormone called cortisol and then switching on stress-defense genes.

(biochemistry) A protein found in multiple forms within cells, which binds glucocorticoids and subsequently influences gene transcription.


phosphohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes an organic phosphate group


hexosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of a hexose


depurinization

(biochemistry) The mutation of nucleic acid by removal of purine bases (an ageing process in cells)


miniband

(biochemistry) A short loop of nucleic acid


phenylpyruvate

phenylpyruvate (countable and uncountable, plural phenylpyruvates)

(biochemistry) An intermediate in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, formed by the decarboxylation of prephenate with loss of hydroxyl.


lipochitin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of oligosaccharides consisting of chitin having a fatty acid group attached to the nitrogen of the non-reducing terminus


phosphoregulation

(biology, biochemistry) regulation via phosphorylation


nonsubstrate

(chiefly biochemistry) Not of or pertaining to a substrate.


nucleo-

Formed from nucleus, from Latin nucleus (“kernel, core”), a diminutive of nux (“nut”).

(biochemistry, cytology) Forming words pertaining to the cell nucleus or to nucleic acid.


nectin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that have a function in cell-to-cell adhesion


polyalanine

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A polypeptide (or section of a protein) containing only alanine residues


HGPRT

HGPRT (countable and uncountable, plural HGPRTs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase


caseose

(biochemistry, dated) A soluble product (proteose) formed in the gastric and pancreatic digestion of casein and caseinogen


sirohydrochlorin

(biochemistry) A porphyrin derivative related to heme


pectinesterase

pectinesterase (countable and uncountable, plural pectinesterases)

(biochemistry) A ubiquitous cell-wall-associated enzyme that presents several isoforms that facilitate plant cell wall modification and subsequent breakdown, found in all higher plants as well as in some bacteria and fungi


RUB

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins similar to ubiquitin


proteotypic

(biochemistry) Describing a peptide sequence that is found in only a single known protein and therefore serves to identify that protein.


phosphorothiolated

en-adj

phosphorothiolated (comparative more phosphorothiolated, superlative most phosphorothiolated)

more phosphorothiolated (comparative)
most phosphorothiolated (superlative)

(biochemistry) modified by the addition of a phosphorothiol or a phosphorothiolate


tenascin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycoprotein found in the extracellular matrix of developing vertebrate embryos


thromboplastin

(biochemistry) A protease that converts prothrombin to thrombin during the clotting of blood.


acylphosphatidylethanolamine

(biochemistry) Any N-acyl derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine, especially those that are hormones associated with fat metabolism


cathelicidin

From cathelin (“the protein domain conserved in cathelicidins”) + -cide (“killer”) + -in, in 1995.

affix

(biochemistry) Any of a family of antimicrobial polypeptides found in lysosomes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.


deacetyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups, especially from a lysine residue of a histone


phosphoribosyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) the univalent radical derived from phosphoribose (ribose phosphate)


aminomethyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an aminomethyl group

aminometyylitransferaasi

any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an aminomethyl group


crystalloid

(biochemistry, botany) One of the microscopic particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter, which occur in certain plant cells.


GDA

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of glycyldodecylamide, a derivative of the amino acid glycine


adenosylmethionine

(biochemistry) An adenosyl derivative of methionine that is a common co-substrate involved in transmethylation


demethylimination

(biochemistry) The removal of methylimine residues from amino acids such as methylarginine


cystathionine

(biochemistry) An intermediate, 2-amino-4-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl) thio-butanoic acid, in the biosynthesis of cysteine.


glycometabolism

(biochemistry) The metabolism of sugars and other carbohydrates


alkyllysinase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyses the removal of alkyl (especially methyl) groups from lysine


adenosylhomocysteine

(biochemistry) An adenosyl derivative of homocysteine that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cysteine


deiminase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses imines


unmethylation

(biochemistry) The removal of methyl groups from a previously methylated molecule


acetyllactosamine

(biochemistry) Any acetyl derivative of lactosamine, but especially N-acetyllactosamine, a component of many biologically active oligosaccharides.


lactosamine

en-noun

lactosamine (countable and uncountable, plural lactosamines)

(biochemistry) An amino derivative of lactose that is found in many biologically active carbohydrates


dihydrodipicolinate

dihydrodipicolinic acid
dihydrodipicolinic acid

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of dihydrodipicolinic acid


nociceptin

Of similar construction as nociceptor (which see) but with suffix -in for substances.

(biochemistry) An neurologically active oligopeptide related to the opioids.


ribosylhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of hydrolase enzymes that remove ribose moieties


succinyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase enzyme that transfers succinyl groups


sortase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of prokaryotic enzymes that form pili through cleavage and isopeptide bonding of precursors


acetylmuramyl

(biochemistry, in combination) The univalent radical derived from acetylmuramic acid


acetylmuramic acid

(biochemistry) One of the constituents, along with acetylglucosamine, of peptidoglycan


diarginate

(biochemistry) Any compound containing two arginate groups


codisplay

en-verb

codisplay (third-person singular simple present codisplays, present participle codisplaying, simple past and past participle codisplayed)

codisplays (present singular third-person)
codisplaying (participle present)
codisplayed (participle past)
codisplayed (past)

(biochemistry) To make multiple active sites of an enzyme (or enzymes) available simultaneously


collagenolytic

en-adj

collagenolytic (comparative more collagenolytic, superlative most collagenolytic)

more collagenolytic (comparative)
most collagenolytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Able to lyse collagen (and other lysine-containing proteins).


enolase

(biochemistry) A metalloenzyme responsible for the catalysis of phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during glycolysis


galactonic acid

(biochemistry) A carboxylic acid, (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid formed by oxidation of galactose


lactalbumin

en-noun

lactalbumin (countable and uncountable, plural lactalbumins)

(biochemistry) The albumin content of milk.


lactoglobulin

(biochemistry) The globulin content of milk


stromelysin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of metalloproteinases that cleave extracellular matrix proteins.


myoglobulin

(biochemistry) The globulin of muscle tissue


syntenin

(biochemistry) A protein that binds the cytoplasmic C-terminal FYA motif of the syndecans


staphylokinase

(biochemistry) A kinase, from Staphylococcus bacteria, that activates plasminogen to form plasmin


myogenin

(biochemistry) A protein (and associated gene) responsible for the development of skeletal muscle


thyroglobulin

(biochemistry) A globulin, produced by the thyroid gland, that has a role in the production of the thyroid hormones


bacteriophytochrome

(biochemistry) Any form of phytochrome found in a bacterium


diaminopimelic acid

diaminopimelic acid (plural diaminopimelic acids)

(biochemistry) Any diamino derivative of pimelic acid, but especially (2R,6S)-2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid which has biochemical activity


exopolyphosphatase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of exocellular phosphohydrolases that hydrolyse polyphosphate


molybdoenzyme

In the present investigation evidence is presented indicating that the CO₂ reductase from Cl. pasteurianum most probably is a molybdoenzyme: It is synthesized only in the presence of molybdenum and is inactivated by low concentrations of cyanide, as are other molybdoenzymes.

1973 December 15, “CO₂ reductase from Clostridium pasteurianum: Molybdenum dependence of synthesis and inactivation by cyanide”, in FEBS Letters, volume 38, number 1, page 45:

Many organisms possessed several molybdoenzyme families and several subfamilies within these families. In archaea, as in bacteria, DMSOR was also the most frequently used molybdoenzyme family (>95% of Mo-utilizing organisms).

2016, Valeria Culotta, Metals in Cells, page 26:

While eukaryotes produce only a limited number of enzymes belonging to the sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase families (for instance, four molybdoenzymes are present in humans), enzymes of all three families are present in prokaryotes with enzymes of the DMSO reductase family being predominant.

2016, Russ Hille, Molybdenum and Tungsten Enzymes, page 118:

(biochemistry) Any metalloenzyme in which the active metal is molybdenum.


nucleotidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide to a nucleoside and phosphate


nonactic acid

(biochemistry) A non-antibiotic precursor of macrotetrolide antibiotics


azoreductase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of diamines to azo compounds


stenodactylin

(biochemistry) A highly toxic ribosome-inactivating protein found in the passionflower Adenia stenodactyla


myxothiazol

myxothiazol (usually uncountable, plural myxothiazols)

(biochemistry) An inhibitor of complex III.


noscapine

noscapine (countable and uncountable, plural noscapines)

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, primarily used for its antitussive effects.


protopine

protopine (usually uncountable, plural protopines)

(biochemistry) A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid occurring in plants of the family Papaveraceae that acts as an opioid analgesic.


didemnaketal

(biochemistry) Any of a family of polyisoprenoid ketals which are inhibitors of an HIV protease


fasciculin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of toxins, from the venom of the green mamba Dendroaspis angusticeps, that cause severe fasciculations.


disintegrin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of polypeptides, isolated from venom, that interact with integrin proteins and inhibit the clumping of platelets


heterocomplex

(biochemistry) A complex of many similar biological compounds


metallocarboxypeptidase

(biochemistry) Any metalloproteinase exopeptidase


peptidomics

From peptidome + -ics or peptide + -omics.

(biochemistry) The branch of molecular biology that studies the set of peptides of an organism.


proteomimetic

(biochemistry) Any compound that mimics the structure and function of extended regions of protein surfaces.


carbanucleoside

(biochemistry) Any carbocyclic analogue of a nucleoside


dipeptidyl

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to dipeptides


nitrilase

nitrilase (countable and uncountable, plural nitrilases)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids and ammonia, without the formation of "free" amide intermediates.


intercalator

(biochemistry) Any of several classes of small molecule that insert themselves into the structure of DNA


sialidase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of mammalian lysosomal neuraminidases.


CYP

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of cytochrome P450.

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of cyclophilin.


bioorthogonal

en-adj

bioorthogonal (comparative more bioorthogonal, superlative most bioorthogonal)

more bioorthogonal (comparative)
most bioorthogonal (superlative)

From bio- + orthogonal (“able to be treated separately”).

prefix

(biochemistry) Describing biochemical research techniques for selectively labelling biomolecules that are independent of the detailed structure of the host molecule.


bulgecinine

(biochemistry) A nonproteinogenic amino acid 2s,4s,5r-4-hydroxy-5- (hydroxymethyl)proline that is a component of bulgecins.


Southern blot

From Edwin Mallor Southern, British biochemist + blot.

(biochemistry) A sheet to which DNA has been transferred from electrophoresis gel, used for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.


Southern blot

en-verb

Southern blot (third-person singular simple present Southern blots, present participle Southern blotting, simple past and past participle Southern blotted)

Southern blots (present singular third-person)
Southern blotting (participle present)
Southern blotted (participle past)
Southern blotted (past)

(transitive, biochemistry) To use a Southern blot on (some DNA).


deoxystreptamine

(biochemistry) A diamino deoxy sugar that is the basis of a range of antibiotics


fucosyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase that catalyzes the transfer of fucose sugars


alkaline phosphatase

en-noun

alkaline phosphatase (plural alkaline phosphatases)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of phosphatases that are most active in an alkaline environment


fuculose

(biochemistry) A deoxysugar related to tagatose


galactonojirimycin

galactonojirimycin (usually uncountable, plural galactonojirimycins)

(biochemistry) An iminosugar related to galactose


fucosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a fucoside


glycoprocessing

(biochemistry) Describing any enzyme that acts upon a sugar or sugar derivative


iminosugar

(biochemistry) Any analog of a sugar having a nitrogen atom at the position of the endocyclic oxygen atom


hexosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal hexosamine residues in hexosaminides


mistrafficked

en-adj

mistrafficked (comparative more mistrafficked, superlative most mistrafficked)

more mistrafficked (comparative)
most mistrafficked (superlative)

(biochemistry) Describing a protein that has been incorrectly trafficked (transported) after being produced in a cell


deoxyketohexose

(biochemistry) Any deoxysugar derived from a ketohexose


rhamnulose

From translingual Rhamnus (“genus of buckthorns”) + -ulose (“a ketose”).

uder

(biochemistry) a particular deoxyketohexose related to sorbose


polyoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of nucleoside antibiotics, produced by Streptomyces bacteria, composed of heterocyclic moieties derived from amino sugars; the simplest being 1-β-(5'-amino5'-deoxy-D-allofuranuronosyl)-5-hydroxy-methyluracil


xanthorin

(biochemistry) An anthraquinone compound found in Xanthoria elegans, the elegant sunburst lichen.


diazonamide

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cytotoxic peptides found in marine ascidians of the genus Diazona.


bergapten

(biochemistry) 5-methoxypsoralen, a psoralen found in the essential oil of bergamot (where it is the cause of phototoxicity) and other citruses.


lipoamino acid

(biochemistry) Any of several classes of lipid, containing amino acid residues, with or without glycerol and/or fatty acid residues, but lacking a phosphate group, that are present in bacteria and similar organisms


chlorolipid

(biochemistry) Any of various long-chain aliphatic chlorides found in various simple organisms.


calcin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of polypeptides that have an affinity for calcium


dynorphin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of opioid peptides that arise from the precursor protein prodynorphin


kryptopyrrole

en-noun

kryptopyrrole (usually uncountable, plural kryptopyrroles)

(biochemistry) The derivative of pyrrole 2,4-dimethyl, 3-ethylpyrrole whose presence in the urine is diagnostic of various disorders


iodosugar

(biochemistry) Any compound in which one or more hydroxyl groups of a sugar have been replaced by atoms of iodine


bromosugar

(biochemistry) Any compound in which one or more hydroxyl groups of a sugar have been replaced by atoms of bromine


chlorosugar

(biochemistry) Any compound in which one or more hydroxyl groups of a sugar have been replaced by atoms of chlorine


halosugar

(biochemistry) Any compound in which one or more hydroxyl groups of a sugar have been replaced by atoms of halide


fluorosugar

(biochemistry) Any compound in which one or more hydroxyl groups of a sugar have been replaced by atoms of fluorine


fucopeptide

(biochemistry) Any of many glycoproteins containing fucose


hexasaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide containing six sugar residues


galactopyranosylamine

(biochemistry) Any amino sugar derived from a galactopyranose


glycopeptidomimetic

(biochemistry) Any mimetic of a glycopeptide


norvaline

norvaline (countable and uncountable, plural norvalines)

(biochemistry) An amino acid 2-amino-butanoic acid that is not found in protein


supercatalyst

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supercatalyst.wav

(chemistry, biochemistry) Any catalyst (especially an enzyme) that catalyzes a large range of reactions


barnase

barnase (countable and uncountable, plural barnases)

(biochemistry) A small protein, produced by the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and others, that has ribonuclease activity


birotation

birotation (countable and uncountable, plural birotations)

(obsolete, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry) Mutarotation.


citrovorum factor

From the obsolete nomen dubium Leuconostoc citrovorum.

(biochemistry) The active form of folic acid


coagulin

(biochemistry) Any substance having the ability to coagulate foreign proteins


polyleucine

(biochemistry) Any polypeptide (or segment of a protein) consisting of leucine moieties only


emulsin

(dated, biochemistry) A mixture of enzymes, extracted from bitter almonds, once used to hydrolyze glucosides.


mannokinase

(biochemistry) A kinase, ATP:D-mannose 6-phosphotransferase


phosphoproteomics

(biochemistry) The proteomics of phosphoproteins.


phosphosite

(biochemistry, genetics) A site (on a protein etc) responsible for, or associated with, phosphorylation


adipokinin

(biochemistry) A hormone, from the anterior pituitary, that aids the mobilization of fat stored in adipose tissue


cyanmethemoglobin

(biochemistry) A relatively non-toxic cyanide derivative of methemoglobin formed when amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite are used as antidotes to cyanide poisoning


antinutritional

en-adj

antinutritional (comparative more antinutritional, superlative most antinutritional)

more antinutritional (comparative)
most antinutritional (superlative)

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to an antinutrient


deoxycytidylate

From deoxycytidyl + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of deoxycytidine.


chitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin.


cucurbitacin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of bitter steroids, found in plants of the family Cucurbitaceae, that prevent them being eaten by herbivores.


arabinofuranosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an arabinofuranoside

arabinofuranosidase

any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an arabinofuranoside


antinutrient

(biochemistry) Any substance that interferes with the absorption or metabolism of a nutrient

antinutrient

any substance that interferes with the absorption or metabolism of a nutrient


hematobiochemical

(biochemistry, medicine) Of or pertaining to the biochemistry of blood


mannanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mannans


transglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a sugar moiety between different glycosides


xylosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a xyloside.


xylanolytic

xylanolytic (comparative more xylanolytic, superlative most xylanolytic)

more xylanolytic (comparative)
most xylanolytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Describing any substance (such as a xylanase) that can break down a xylan.


metmyoglobin

(biochemistry) An oxidized form of myoglobin in which the iron atom has an oxidation state of +3


diaphorase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of flavoprotein enzymes that catalyze the reduction of cytochrome and other similar compounds


neurobiochemistry

(biochemistry) The branch of neuroscience concerned with the biochemistry of the nervous system


fructan

2000, Nordic Council of Ministers, Safety evaluation of fructans, TemaNord, page 17,
Fructans are also produced by algae, fungi and bacteria (Nelson & Smith, 1986) There is a substantial variation in both linkage types and number of carbohydrate monomers making up the fructans. The functionality, if any, of the different fructan structures is as yet not clear.

All the listed cultivars contain fructans in different amounts as reserve carbohydrate. Another source of fructans are caryopses of grasses and flours of wheat, rye, oat, and barley, which contain between 1 and 7% fructans, depending on the degree of fine milling and applied technological processing.

2003, Werner Praznik, Ewa Cieŝlik, Anton Huber, “13: Fructans: Occurrence and Application in Food”, in Piotr Tomasik, editor, Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Saccharides, CRC Press, page 197:

2010, Peter J. O'Brien, Cynthia Y. Feng, Owen Lee, Q. Dong, Rhea Mehta, Jeff Bruce, W. Robert Bruce, 7: Fructose-Derived Endogenous Toxins, Peter J. O'Brien, William Robert Bruce (editors), Endogenous Toxins: Targets for Disease Treatment and Prevention, Volume 1, Wiley (Wiley-VCH), page 176,
Fructose can also exist in the diet as fructans and dietary sugar alcohols. Fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides) are polymers of fructose molecules that are not absorbed by the intestine but are metabolized by anaerobic colonic bacteria.

(biochemistry) Any homopolysaccharide composed of fructose residues


cyclofructan

(biochemistry) Any cyclic polymer of fructose


pyranoglucoside

(biochemistry) The pyranose form of a glucoside


microcephalin

(genetics, biochemistry) A protein and associated gene responsible for microcephaly.


immunoadhesin

The study builds on previous research which has shown that immunoadhesins can prevent HIV from spreading to new cells and can also kill infected cells while leaving healthy cells alone..

1990 April 28, Kelly Gaines, “New Drug Fights Perinatal HIV Infection”, in Gay Community News, page 2:

(immunology, biochemistry) Any of a family of recombinant fusion proteins


adenylyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of adenylyl groups


meromyosin

(biochemistry) Either of the two subunits of myosin that are formed by the action of trypsin


cefotaximase

(biochemistry) A penicillinase specific to cefotaxime


cecropin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antimicrobial peptides that lyse bacterial cell membranes


cochaperone

(biochemistry) Any protein that regulates the activity of a chaperone.


chymase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of serine proteases present in mast cells


deproteination

(biochemistry) The elimination of protein from a biological structure


dimethyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of two methyl groups


galactosan

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide composed of galactose residues


alliinase

en-noun

alliinase (usually uncountable, plural alliinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts alliin into allicin.

aliinase

an enzyme that converts alliin into allicin


alliin

alliin (usually uncountable, plural alliins)

(biochemistry) A sulfoxide derived from cysteine, primarily responsible for the aroma of freshly chopped garlic.


guardee

(biochemistry) Any protein (involved in an immune system) that when modified by a pathogen becomes bound by a guard protein, precipitating the immune response


mannosan

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide composed of mannose residues


hephaestin

From Hephaestus + -in, after the god of metalworking.

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of iron(II) state, Fe²⁺ to iron(III) state, Fe³⁺.


antinutritive

en-adj

antinutritive (comparative more antinutritive, superlative most antinutritive)

more antinutritive (comparative)
most antinutritive (superlative)


proanthocyanin

(biochemistry) Any glycoside of a proanthocyanidin


insulinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that inactivates insulin


polysialic acid

(biochemistry) A polymeric form of sialic acid that is involved in cell adhesion


alsterpaullone

(biochemistry) A particular cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis


amelotin

(biochemistry) A protein secreted by ameloblasts during tooth development


apomyoglobin

(biochemistry) A form of myoglobin that lacks a heme unit

apomioglobina

a form of myoglobin that lacks a heme unit


ameloblastin

(biochemistry) A protein, formed in the ameloblasts, that is found in the enamel of teeth


apocytochrome

(biochemistry) Any form of a cytochrome that is lacking the heme unit

apocitocromo

any form of a cytochrome that is lacking the heme unit


acetogenesis

It is the opinion of Snoswell and co-workers that the balance between hepatic production of acetate and ketone bodies may be determined by the availability of carnitine, increased concentrations of this compound leading to decreased ketogenesis and increased acetogenesis (A. M. Snoswell, personal communication).

1977, G. David Baird, “Aspects of ruminant intermediary metabolism in relation to ketosis”, in Biochemical Reviews, page 819:

(biochemistry) The anaerobic production of acetic acid or acetate by bacteria.


caveolin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with caveolae membranes


colipase

en-noun

colipase (countable and uncountable, plural colipases)

(biochemistry) A protein coenzyme secreted by the pancreas


enamelysin

(biochemistry) A matrix metalloproteinase that is associated with the formation of dental enamel


enamelin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with the formation of dental enamel.


glutaredoxin

glutaredoxin (usually uncountable, plural glutaredoxins)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of small redox enzymes that use glutathione as a cofactor.


homeoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that has a homeodomain.


lysophospholipase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a fatty acid from a lysophospholipid


conglutin

(biochemistry) A form of legumin found in almonds, lupins, rye etc.


mesoporphyrin

(biochemistry) Any of several compounds produced from a protoporphyrin by protonation of its vinyl groups


metafectene

(biochemistry, genetics) A polycationic transfection reagent based on liposome technology


mistrafficking

(biochemistry) The incorrect trafficking of an enzyme or other protein


multikinase

(biochemistry) Used attributively to describe interaction with multiple kinases e.g. multikinase inhibitor


nucleolin

nucleolin (countable and uncountable, plural nucleolins)

(biochemistry) A eukaryotic nucleolar phosphoprotein that is involved in the synthesis and maturation of ribosomes.


legumin

legumin (countable and uncountable, plural legumins)

From French légumine; equivalent to legume + -in.

1843, Dumas, Cahours, On the Neutral Nitrogenous Matters of Organisation, Charles Watt, John Watt (editors), The Chemist, Volume 4 (Volume 1 of New Series), page 51,
By evaporation, a substance of a gummy appearance, susceptible of redissolving in water, is obtained, and which possesses the composition of legumin, as is shown by the following numbers:

The legumin group includes edestin, glycinin, legumin from Vicia faba, arachin, and cocosin.

1976, Julius W. Dieckert, Marilyne C. Dieckert, Production of Vacuolar Protein Deosits in Developing Seeds and Seed Protein Homology: Genetic Improvement of Seed Proteins: Proceedings of a Workshop, page 39:

1991, A. H. Shirsat, 6: Control of gene expression in the developing seed, Don Grierson (editor), Developmental Regulation of Plant Gene Expression, Plant Biotechnology: Volume 2, page 158,
The 11S proteins of pea and soybean, the legumins and glycinins, have been extensively studied.

2001, I. G., Plashchina, T. A. Mrashkovskaya, A. N. Danilenko, G. O. Kozhevnikov, N. Yu. Starodubrovskaya, E. E. Braudo, K. D. Schwenke, Complex Formation of Faba Bean Legumin with Chitosan: Surface Chemistry and Emilsion Properties of Complexes, Eric Dickinson, Reinhard Miller (editors), Food Colloids: Fundamentals of Formulation, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK, page 298,
Contrary to the behaviour of legumin, complex formation with chitosan either decreases or does not affect both the enthalpy and entropy of legumin-T denaturation (Table 3).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any of a group of globulins, resembling casein, found mostly in legumes and grains.


photoassimilate

(biochemistry) Any compound formed by assimilation of others under the action of light; especially such carbohydrates that are formed by photosynthesis


processome

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins associated with ribosome biogenesis.


chemorepulsion

(biochemistry) The action of a chemorepulsant; negative chemotaxis


collapsin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins that inhibit regeneration of mature neurones


ectoprotein

(biochemistry) Any extracellular protein


caldendrin

(biochemistry) A particular calcium-binding protein


microribonucleoprotein

(biochemistry) Any very small ribonucleoprotein


holoreceptor

(biochemistry, physiology) A complete receptor whose subunits are capable of transducing intracellular signals


stanniocalcin

(biochemistry) a polypeptide hormone that acts in kidney and gut to regulate calcium and phosphate


synectin

(biochemistry) A cytoplasmic domain-binding protein that inhibits cell migration


procoagulant

(biochemistry) Any of various precursors of the blood factors necessary for coagulation


agonism

/ˈæɡ.əˌnɪz.əm/

From agon + -ism, from Latin agōn, from Ancient Greek ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”).

(biochemistry) The relationship between an agonist and a receptor.


frataxin

(biochemistry) A class of protein found in mitochondria.


interresidue

(biochemistry) Between the residues (sections of amino acids) of a protein.


metalloactivation

(biochemistry) Activation of the metal-containing part of an enzyme.


prolylpeptide

(biochemistry) A region of a polypeptide or protein containing proline residues


optineurin

(biochemistry) A protein that is associated with glaucoma


ketoreductase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a ketone


paraplegin

(biochemistry) A metalloprotease associated with paraplegia


amylin

(biochemistry) A pancreatic polypeptide hormone that is secreted with insulin by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, that is a major component of the amyloid deposits found outside beta cells in those affected with type 2 diabetes, and that inhibits the glucose synthesis stimulated by insulin in skeletal muscles.


ARSE

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of arylsulfatase E, an enzyme, deficiencies in which are associated with abnormalities in cartilage and bone development.


arylsulfatase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of sulfatase enzymes.


terminomics

(biochemistry) The study of the biochemical importance of terminal peptides in proteins, especially N-terminal peptides


laminaribiose

(biochemistry) A particular disaccharide used in agriculture and as an antiseptic.


sambubiose

(biochemistry) A particular disaccharide.


sophorose

(biochemistry) A disaccharide present in sophorolipid.


calcifediol

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A prehormone which is produced by hydroxylation of vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) in the liver.


paraoxonase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that act as antioxidants


xyloketal

(biochemistry) The ketal form of a xylose.


lysergide

lysergide (countable and uncountable, plural lysergides)

/lɪˈsɝˌd͡ʒaɪd/

From contraction of lysergic acid diethylamide.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) The International Nonproprietary Name of LSD.


ULRR

(biochemistry) Initialism of upper limit of reference range.


antirepressor

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that blocks or inactivates a repressor


bromoperoxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the bromination of a hydrocarbon


isobologram

(biochemistry) A diagram showing the varying substrate and inhibitor concentrations that give constant enzyme activity


iodoperoxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the iodination of a hydrocarbon.


phosphoproteome

(biochemistry) A proteome of phosphoproteins


ribophagy

(biochemistry) The degradation of ribosomes by autophagy.


fucan

(biochemistry) A polymeric sulfate of fucose, found in some seaweeds


abhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of hydrolases having an alpha/beta hydrolase fold


ptyalin

ptyalin (usually uncountable, plural ptyalins)

From Ancient Greek πτύαλον (ptúalon, “saliva”).

der

(biochemistry) A form of amylase found in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin.


cathodal

en-adj

cathodal (comparative more cathodal, superlative most cathodal)

more cathodal (comparative)
most cathodal (superlative)

(biochemistry) Attracted towards a cathode


convallarin

Convallaria majalis
Convallaria majalis#Translingual

(biochemistry) A cardiac glycoside obtained from lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis)


neurokeratin

(biochemistry) The protein component of the myelin sheath.


bromelein

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples


adrenodoxin

en-noun

adrenodoxin (countable and uncountable, plural adrenodoxins)

(biochemistry) A ferredoxin present in mitochondria of the adrenal cortex.


aminoadipic acid

aminoadipic acid (plural aminoadipic acids)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any amino derivative of adipic acid, but especially α-aminoadipic acid that is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine


autotaxin

lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid

(biochemistry) An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid


ectonucleotide

(biochemistry) Any nucleotide found outside a cell


ectoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme found outside of (or on the outer surface of) a cell


epoxycholesterol

(biochemistry) An epoxy derivative of cholesterol that is involved in the metabolism of mevalonate


biohydrogenation

(biochemistry) biochemical (enzymatic) hydrogenation


dihydroceramide

dihydroceramide (countable and uncountable, plural dihydroceramides)

dihydroceramide desaturase
dihydroceramide desaturase

(biochemistry) The biochemical precursor of ceramide, into which it is converted by the enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase


angiogenin

angiogenin (countable and uncountable, plural angiogenins)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide implicated in angiogenesis


verbascose

Originally derived from Verbascum thapsus (common mullein)

(biochemistry) A pentasaccharide (galactose-galactose-galactose-glucose-fructose), found in many legumes, that is metabolized by intestinal flora


hydroxyvitamin

(biochemistry) Any hydroxy derivative of a vitamin, but in practice a derivative of vitamin D that is measured in order to diagnose vitamin D deficiency


antihormone

(biochemistry) Any material that counteracts the effects of a hormone

antyhormon

any material that counteracts the effects of a hormone


diphthamide

(biochemistry) A modified histidine amino acid which renders the elongation factor inactive.


acetylesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an acetate ester.

acetyloesteraza

any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of an acetate ester


chemoresistant

en-adj

chemoresistant (comparative more chemoresistant, superlative most chemoresistant)

more chemoresistant (comparative)
most chemoresistant (superlative)

(biochemistry) Describing resistance of a cell to the actions of a chemical compound


tannase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of tannic acid to gallic acid


angiostatin

en-noun

angiostatin (countable and uncountable, plural angiostatins)

(biochemistry, medicine) A protein that inhibits angiogenesis; it is used to inhibit the growth of new blood vessels in tumours.


proinsulin

proinsulin (countable and uncountable, plural proinsulins)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide that is the prohormone precursor of insulin


purpurin

purpurin (countable and uncountable, plural purpurins)

(biochemistry) A protein of the lipocalin family


fructooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any of a class of oligosaccharides composed of fructose molecules, used as sweeteners.


thrombokinase

thrombokinase (countable and uncountable, plural thrombokinases)

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme that converts prothrombin into thrombin during the clotting of blood


cutinase

(biochemistry) cutin hydrolase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes cutin


otoferlin

(biochemistry) A transmembrane protein which is defective in a recessive form of human deafness


chemoresistance

chemoresistance (countable and uncountable, plural chemoresistances)

(biochemistry) The resistance of a cell to the actions of a chemical compound.


elastoidin

(biochemistry) A form of collagen isolated from shark fins


organofunctional

(biochemistry, of a substance) Having a function in organisms.


dehydropeptidase

(biochemistry) Any of a particular group of dipeptidases


dipeptidase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that hydrolyze dipeptides in the small intestine.


canavanine

canavanine (countable and uncountable, plural canavanines)

From translingual Canavalia (“genus of jack beans”) + -anine.

af

(biochemistry) A toxic, non-proteinogenic amino acid found in certain leguminous plants.


phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine

(biochemistry) An intermediate in the synthesis of purines.


sclerotin

(biochemistry) The crosslinked protein component of the cuticles of insects.


(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in purine synthesis.


phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in nucleotide synthesis, catalyzing the conversion of 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole into 5-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole.


Crystals of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (EC 6.3.2.6) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were grown by the vapor diffusion hanging-drop technique, using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant.

1992, A. I. Grebenko, V. M. Levdikov, V. V. Barynin, W. R. Melik-Adamyan, A. N. Myasnikov, Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae:

(biochemistry) A ligase enzyme involved in purine metabolism.


scytalone

(biochemistry) A tetralone derivative involved in certain redox reactions.


dendrimersome

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A self-assembled structure, resembling a simple biological cell, consisting of a bilayer of dendrimers


uroporphyrinogen

(biochemistry) Any of a class of tetrapyrroles with four propionic acid groups and four acetic acid groups, involved in the synthesis of porphyrin.


tulipanin

(biochemistry) An anthocyanin, the 3-rutinoside of delphinidin.


myrtillin

(biochemistry) An anthocyanin, the 3-glucoside of delphinidin.


neohesperidose

(biochemistry) A disaccharide present in some flavonoid glycosides


ferrienterochelin

(biochemistry) The iron complex of the siderophore enterochelin


bioseparation

(biochemistry) The separation of the products of a biochemical reaction without damaging the organisms concerned

(biochemistry) The use of living organisms to separate components of a mixture (especially to remove pollutants)


siderocalin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins, produced in the body following bacterial infection, that act against siderophores


desmocollin

From desmo- + Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -in.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins (cadherin), found in desmosomes, responsible for intercellular adhesion.


regenerome

“Liver Physiome” will include metabolome, toxicome, pharmacome, and regenerome, which correspond to the proteomic basis of the main hepatic physiological functions such as metabolism, detoxication, pharmacokinetics, and regeneration, respectively.

2005, He Fuchu, “Human Liver Proteome Project: Plan, Progress, and Perspectives”, in Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, volume 4, number 12:

Only now have new genetic, molecular and cellular technologies as well as scientific knowledge of the salamander, mouse and human genomes and ‘regeneromes’ risen to a level where scientists can compare systemwide responses to injury.

2009, “$2.4 million stimulus fuels effort to regenerate injured spinal cords”, in University of Florida News, archived from the original on 2012-12-15:

All this might explain why the salamander regenerome continues to fascinate researchers (for regenerative medicine, see Brody, 2016, Willyard, 2016.)

2018 December, Mihai Nadin, “Redefining medicine from an anticipatory perspective”, in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, volume 140:

(biochemistry, physiology) the totality of the regeneration functions of an organ (especially of the liver)


bacillibactin

(biochemistry) A siderophore, produced by several bacilli, that scavenges iron from proteins


enkephalin

From Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos, “brain”) + -in.

uder

Some of the more marginal players start in as early as maybe twelve, I'm sorry to say, particularly 'drines before matches and then enkephaline after […]

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 67:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of pentapeptide endorphins that have opiate-like effects


lipotropin

(biochemistry) A pituitary hormone that promotes the metabolism of fat, and is a precursor to the endorphins


cystatin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of polypeptides that are cysteine protease inhibitors


citrullinated

en-adj

citrullinated (comparative more citrullinated, superlative most citrullinated)

more citrullinated (comparative)
most citrullinated (superlative)

Initially it has been suggested that fibrin is the most citrullinated protein in RA joints (Iobagiu et al., 2011), but now the presence of citrullinated vimentin and aggrecan is also detected (Glant et al., 2016).

2019, Geeta Rai, NETosis: Immunity, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 106:

2019, Venkatesh V. Nemmara, Paul R. Thompson, Development of Activity-Based Proteomic Probes for Protein Citrullination, Benjamin F. Cravatt, Ku-Lung Hsu, Eranthie Weerapana (editors), Activity-Based Protein Profiling, Springer, page 244,
Given that aberrant citrullination is a hallmark of various autoimmune diseases and certain tumor types, it is important to develop protein detection methods to identify citrullinated proteins in complex biological systems.

It^([vimentin]) had already been described in AD (25) and is one of the most citrullinated proteins besides MBP and GFAP in WMMS.

2020, Wolfgang Faigle et al., “Brain Citrullination Patterns and T Cell Reactivity of Cerebrospinal Fluid-Derived CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis”, in Paulus Stefan Rommer, Martin S. Weber, Zsolt Illes, Uwe K. Zettl, editors, Multiple Sclerosis - From Bench to Bedside, Frontiers Media, page 40:

(biochemistry) Reacted with, or converted to, citrulline.


paraprotein

(biochemistry) A protein found in the blood only as a result of disease


proteinoid

(biochemistry) A polypeptide formed abiotically from by heating a mixture of amino acids


antithrombic

antithrombic (comparative more antithrombic, superlative most antithrombic)

more antithrombic (comparative)
most antithrombic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Of, pertaining to, or resembling the action of antithrombin


actinodin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that are essential structural components of fin rays and fin folds of zebrafish.


fusokine

(biochemistry) Any of a group of interleukins that stimulate the immune system


chromogranin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of secretory proteins found in many types of cell.


relaxin

en-noun

relaxin (countable and uncountable, plural relaxins)

(biochemistry) A peptide hormone of the insulin superfamily.


biodiagnostic

(biochemistry, medicine) biochemically diagnostic


immunopeptidomics

(biochemistry, immunology) The branch of molecular biology that studies the set of immunopeptides of an organism


immunopeptide

(immunology, biochemistry) Any peptide involved in the biochemistry of the immune system


interactomics

(biochemistry) The study of the interactions between proteins and other components of a cell


microRNAome

(biochemistry) The complete set of microRNAs in an organism


proteinomics

(biochemistry) The identification of the totality of the proteins in an organism


phosphoproteinomics

From phosphoprotein + -omics or phospho- + proteinomics.

(biochemistry) The identification of the totality of the phosphoproteins in an organism


morphostat

(biochemistry) Any biochemical compound responsible for the maintenance of normal tissue microarchitecture.


periostin

(biochemistry) A protein normally expressed during cardiac development but also re-expressed following injury to adult tissue.


procyclin

(biochemistry) A protein developed in the surface coating of trypanosomes whilst in the fly vector.


sialoglycoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein that is combined with sialic acid


survivin

(biochemistry) A protein that inhibits caspase activity


tristetraprolin

(biochemistry) Any of a particular family of zinc finger proteins


transportin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins involved with the karyopherin receptor complex


monomethyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any methyltransferase that transfers a single methyl group


somatomedin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of peptides which mediate the action of somatotropin on cartilage


etiocholanolone

(biochemistry) A ketosteroid that is a metabolite of testosterone; it has some medical uses


multiglycoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside containing multiple sugar entities


neurohumor

(biochemistry) Any material produced in a neuron that activates a neighbouring neuron, muscle or gland; a neurotransmitter


apoptogenic

en-adj

apoptogenic (comparative more apoptogenic, superlative most apoptogenic)

more apoptogenic (comparative)
most apoptogenic (superlative)


cellubrevin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that regulate vesicle fusion


dysferlin

(biochemistry) A protein that is linked with skeletal muscle repair


alkyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers alkyl groups.

alkyylitransferaasi

any transferase that transfers alkyl groups


hypoacetylation

en-noun

hypoacetylation (usually uncountable, plural hypoacetylations)

(biochemistry) Insufficient acetylation (of histones)


mezerein

(biochemistry) A protein kinase C-activating compound encoded by the gene IFIH1.


intracrine

(biochemistry, of a hormone) Acting inside a cell.


metalloexopeptidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that functions as a metalloproteinase exopeptidase.


metalloendopeptidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that functions as a metalloproteinase endopeptidase.


lactolysis

(biochemistry) the hydrolysis of lactose (typically by a galactosidase)


monophosphatase

(biochemistry) Any phosphatase that dephosphorylates a monophosphate


myotubularin

myotubularin (countable and uncountable, plural myotubularins)

(biochemistry) A phosphatase that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositols


epoxygenase

epoxygenase (countable and uncountable, plural epoxygenases)

hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

(biochemistry) An enzyme that produces hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from arachidonic acid, causing effects such as cell proliferation and decrease in cyclooxygenase activity.


hydroxyguanosine

(biochemistry) A nucleoside that is an oxidative derivative of guanosine, used as a biomarker of oxidative stress.


isomerohydrolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that hydrolyzes all-trans-retinyl esters into 11-cis-retinol.


transcarbamylase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamyl group


clusterin

(biochemistry) A heterodimeric glycoprotein associated with apoptosis.


protrudin

(biochemistry) A protein that induces neurite formation


quiescin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins isolated from quiescent lung fibroblasts.


orosomucoid

(biochemistry) An acidoglycoprotein found in blood plasma


domainless

(biochemistry) Without a protein domain.


thrombomodulin

thrombomodulin (usually uncountable, plural thrombomodulins)

(biochemistry) An antithrombotic membrane protein on the surface of endothelial cells.


transgelin

(biochemistry) A calponin found in smooth muscle cells.


chitobiose

chitobiose (countable and uncountable, plural chitobioses)

(biochemistry) A disaccharide amino sugar composed of two glucosamine residues.


acetylglucosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucose residues in chitobiose and in glycoproteins


chitinolysis

(biochemistry) The enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin into chitobiose


carotenogenic

en-adj

carotenogenic (comparative more carotenogenic, superlative most carotenogenic)

more carotenogenic (comparative)
most carotenogenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to carotenogenesis


carotenogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of carotenoids.


dihydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that catalyzes a reaction involving two hydrolyses


glucosylase

(biochemistry) Any glycosylase that acts on a glucoside.


properdin

From pro- + perdere (“to destroy”); see perdition + -in.

(biochemistry) A protein in human serum that complements part of the immune system


prodeath

prodeath (comparative more prodeath, superlative most prodeath)

more prodeath (comparative)
most prodeath (superlative)

Damage or injury to mitochondria can have profound effects on ATP and ROS levels, as well as release of prodeath proteins such as cytochrome c...

2009, Jack Uetrecht, Adverse Drug Reactions:


whirlin

central nervous system
central nervous system

(biochemistry) A protein encoded in humans by the gene DFNB31, possibly involved in the formation of scaffolding protein complexes that facilitate synaptic transmission in the central nervous system.


usherin

(biochemistry) A protein encoded in humans by the gene USH2A, mutations in which are associated with Usher syndrome.


fibronection

en-noun

fibronection (usually uncountable, plural fibronections)

(biochemistry) The process of binding with fibronectin.


cryoactivation

(biochemistry) activation (of an enzyme etc) by application of low temperatures


glucosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin to produce glucosamine.


angiotensinase

(biochemistry) Any peptidase that hydrolyzes angiotensin

angiotensinase

any peptidase that hydrolyzes angiotensin


phosphohistone

(biochemistry) A phosphoprotein related to histone.


prosegment

(biochemistry) A section of amino acids at one end of a protein molecule that assists in folding


keratose

(biochemistry) A tough, horny animal substance found in the skeletons of sponges and other invertebrates.


lipophosphoglycan

(biochemistry) Any of a family of phosphatidylinositol derivatives of glycan that coats the surfaces of many parasitic protozoa.


holotoxin

(biochemistry) Any of various protein toxins having a structure assembled from several subunits


metallocentre

(biochemistry) The region of a metalloprotein enclosing the metal atom.


ribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers ribosyl groups


motilin

motilin (countable and uncountable, plural motilins)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide that has a role in fat metabolism


deoxyguanine

deoxyguanine (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyguanines)

(biochemistry) Any guanine nucleotide that contains deoxyribose


extraribosomal

(biochemistry) Situated, or functioning outside of a ribosome


myomegalin

(biochemistry) A protein that is associated with cardiomyopathy


nucleophosmin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with nucleoli


antimycin

(biochemistry) Any of several lactone antibiotics, some of which are used for controlling fungi in fish farms


calciotropic

(biochemistry) Describing any material (especially a hormone) that is involved in the regulation of calcium in the blood and in bone


enterolignan

(biochemistry) Any lignan that is formed from another by metabolism in the gut.


biochirality

(biochemistry) The chirality of biological molecules; especially the study of the genesis of such chirality


aggrecan

aggrecan (countable and uncountable, plural aggrecans)

(biochemistry) A proteoglycan, containing chondroitin sulfate, that is a major component of cartilage

agrecano

a proteoglycan that is a major component of cartilage


caeruloplasmin

(biochemistry) Alternative form of ceruloplasmin


conchiolin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins which, together with polysaccharides and calcium carbonate, make up the shells of molluscs.


dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that produces oxidized forms of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, such as sanguinarine from dihydrosanguinarine, chelirubine from dihydrochelirubine, and macarpine from dihydromacarpine.


argininosuccinic acid

(biochemistry) A basic amino acid, a precursor to fumarate in the citric acid cycle.


vitellogenin

vitellogenin (countable and uncountable, plural vitellogenins)

(biochemistry) An egg-yolk precursor protein expressed in the females of nearly all oviparous species.


topoisomer

(biochemistry) An isomer of a biological macromolecule that has a distinct topology


maleylacetoacetate

(biochemistry) An intermediate in the metabolism of tyrosine.


inhibin

inhibin (countable and uncountable, plural inhibins)

follicle-stimulating hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone

(biochemistry) A peptide hormone, secreted by the gonads, which inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and is thus under consideration as a male contraceptive


antitransglutaminase

(biochemistry, immunology) Targeting transglutaminase.


trigonelline

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum#Translingual

(biochemistry) An alkaloid product of the metabolism of niacin, found in many plants including fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum).


ACP

(biochemistry) Initialism of acyl carrier protein.


oleocanthal

He, Dr. Breslin and several collaborators confirmed that the pungent substance in olive oil is a phenolic chemical, which they named oleocanthal.

2007 June 6, Harold Mcgee, “Extra Virgin Anti-Inflammatories”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry) A tyrosol ester isolated from extra-virgin olive oil, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.


pantherine

pantherine (countable and uncountable, plural pantherines)

From panther + -ine. In the biochemical sense, refers to the Amanita pantherina fungus.


amplimer

polymerase chain reaction
polymerase chain reaction

(biochemistry) A piece of DNA formed as the products of natural or artificial amplification events, as in a polymerase chain reaction.


osteonectin

osteonectin (countable and uncountable, plural osteonectins)

(biochemistry) A protein that binds to hydroxyapatite to facilitate the mineralisation of collagen in bones.


oligoarginine

(biochemistry) A relatively short polyarginine, especially one used to enhance cellular delivery of a drug


FAT

FAT (countable and uncountable, plural FATs)

(genetics, biochemistry) Any of a series of genes and their equivalent proteins that are associated with cell proliferation.


emetine

From Ancient Greek ἔμετος (émetos, “vomiting”) + -ine.

af

During a 10-year period the sanitarium treated 2,323 patients (93% were men) by the emetine method.

1948 September 13, “A Drink for Drunks”, in Time:

Magendie performed experiments on emetics and the nature of vomiting, and showed that the emetic properties of ipecacuanha were due to a substance he named emetine.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 323:

After a 3-hour incubation with ALLN [acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal], cells were incubated with emetine in the presence (closed symbols) or absence (open symbols) of ALLN (10 µg/ml).

2001 May 25, Neil F. Bence et al., “Impairment of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System by Protein Aggregation”, in Science, volume 292, number 5521, →DOI, page 1553:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A white crystalline bitter alkaloid, chemical formula C₂₉H₄₀N₂O₄, extracted from ipecacuanha root, and formerly used in the treatment of amebic infections and as an emetic in aversion therapy.

эмети́н

alkaloid extracted from ipecacuanha root


ambiquitous

en-adj

ambiquitous (comparative more ambiquitous, superlative most ambiquitous)

more ambiquitous (comparative)
most ambiquitous (superlative)

The rabbit liver enzyme lactate dehydrogenase is ambiquitous.

(biochemistry, enzymes) having the ability to reversibly bind to stationary subcellular structures (such as the cytoskeleton or membrane)


secretogranin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of related neuroendocrine secretory proteins.


secretoneurin

(biochemistry) A 33-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II, found in a wide variety of peptidergic endocrine cells and involved in chemotaxis of monocytes and eosinophils.


stanazolol

Toney, 38, tested positive for boldenone and stanazolol, and Batchelder tested positive for stanazolol and oxandolone^([sic]), Garcia said.

2007 June 14, The Associated Press, “Sports Briefing”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry, steroids) A synthetic anabolic steroid derived from testosterone.


antiradical

antiradical (comparative more antiradical, superlative most antiradical)

more antiradical (comparative)
most antiradical (superlative)

(biochemistry) Counteracting free radicals.


TTR

/ˌtiː ˌtiː ˈɑː/

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of transthyretin.


alarmin

(biochemistry) Any endogenous substance that signals tissue and cell damage


modulin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of modulatory protein, produced by some bacteria, some of which are toxic


allolactose

(biochemistry) An isomer of the sugar lactose.


supersensitivity

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supersensitivity.wav

Because D 1 dopamine receptors are known to act through stimulatory heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding (G s ) proteins and activation of the cAMP pathway, up-regulation of this pathway in the nucleus accumbens could account for the functional supersensitivity of D 1 receptors observed in these neurons--which occurs in the absence of detectable changes in the receptors themselves--after chronic cocaine (or other stimulant) exposure (18 ).

1997 October 3, Eric J. Nestler, George K. Aghajanian, “Molecular and Cellular Basis of Addiction”, in Science, volume 278, number 5335, →DOI, pages 58–63:

In the next generation seeds were screened for ABA supersensitivity (era1/era1).

1998 October 9, Zhen-Ming Pei et al., “Role of Farnesyltransferase in ABA Regulation of Guard Cell Anion Channels and Plant Water Loss”, in Science, volume 282, number 5387, →DOI, pages 287–290:

The effects of inactivity on new receptor synthesis and denervation supersensitivity are mediated by Ca 2 influx (24 ).

1999 October 15, Mohammed Akaaboune et al., “Rapid and Reversible Effects of Activity on Acetylcholine Receptor Density at the Neuromuscular Junction in Vivo”, in Science, volume 286, number 5439, →DOI, pages 503–507:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Extreme sensitivity (of the body) to a chemical.


SNAP

(biochemistry) Acronym of soluble NSF attachment protein.


hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in pyruvate metabolism.


dehydrase

Formed as de- + hydr- + -ase, by analogy with the German Dehydrase.

It is shown by means of a typical dehydrase, Schardinger’s milk enzyme, that oxidase, reductase and mutase are 1 and the same enzyme.

1914, Chemical Abstracts, volume 8, page 3,051:

Citric acid dehydrase is present in the liver and in vegetable material acting on citric acid.

1939, Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe, A Dictionary of Applied Chemistry [4th ed.], volume 3, page 553, column 2

Freudenberg also postulates a second process whereby catechins in the presence of dehydrases undergo condensation by dehydrogenation.

1959, N. Campbell [contrib.] and Ernest Harry Rodd [ed.], Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, volume 4B, chapter 8, page 942

The usual English term ‘dehydrase’ for an enzyme dehydrating a substrate was changed to dehydratase, because Dehydrase in German…means a dehydrogenating enzyme rather than an enzyme splitting off water.

1953, Advances in Enzymology, volume 14, page 243:

The enzymic dehydration of tartaric acid to oxaloacetic acid, first established…for the d-isomer, occurs also with the meso- and l-isomers, and the attack on all three tartaric acids by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas appears to occur principally by means of stereospecific dehydrases.

1957, Journal of General Microbiology, volume 16, page 480:


lævulose

(biochemistry) Alternative spelling of levulose


SHH

(biochemistry) Initialism of sonic hedgehog homolog (protein)


unfoldome

(biochemistry) The totality of intrinsically disordered proteins in an organism


syntonin

en-noun

syntonin (countable and uncountable, plural syntonins)

(obsolete, biochemistry) A form of fibrin found in muscle tissue, or produced by the action of acids on myosin


photocycle

(biochemistry, physics) Any of several biochemical cycles, involving photoactive proteins, that take place in the retina when exposed to light


photocycle

en-verb

photocycle (third-person singular simple present photocycles, present participle photocycling, simple past and past participle photocycled)

photocycles (present singular third-person)
photocycling (participle present)
photocycled (participle past)
photocycled (past)

(biochemistry) To undergo a photochemical cycle


myophosphorylase

glycogen phosphorylase
glycogen phosphorylase

(biochemistry) The muscle isoform of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase.


pikachurin

Named after Pikachu, a Pokémon character, + -in.

(biochemistry) A dystroglycan-interacting polysaccharide which has an essential role in the precise interactions between the photoreceptor ribbon synapse and the bipolar dendrites.


uroerythrin

(biochemistry) A red pigment (chromophore) associated with the brickdust deposit.


hæmochromogen

From haemo- + chromo- plus gen, from Ancient Greek: αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) combined with χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”)….

Hæmochromogen in the presence of oxygen quickly undergoes oxidation to the more stable hæmatin.

1900, Henry Pickering Bowditch, An American text-book of physiology, page 37:

(biochemistry) Substance of hemoglobin, from lack of oxygen.


melibiase

en-noun

melibiase (usually uncountable, plural melibiases)

(biochemistry) A galactosidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of melibiose into galactose and glucose.


Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Shine-Dalgarno sequence (plural Shine-Dalgarno sequences)

After Australian scientists John Shine and Lynn Dalgarno.

(biochemistry) A ribosomal binding site in the mRNA of prokaryotes.


lactoylglutathione lyase

(biochemistry) A glyoxalase enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of hemithioacetal adducts.


phthalyl amidase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction from phthalylamide and water into phthalic acid and substituted amine.


leuenkephalin

PRO, an endogenous opioid itself, is also the precursor of the opiate neuropeptides metenkephalin and leuenkephalin.

2007 December 11, Craig Howard Kinsley, Massimo Bardi, Kate Karelina, Brandi Rima, Lillian Christon, Julia Friedenberg, Garrett Griffin, “Motherhood Induces and Maintains Behavioral and Neural Plasticity across the Lifespan in the Rat”, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, volume 37, number 1, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found naturally in the brains of many animals, including humans; one of the two forms of enkephalin (the other being metenkephalin).


proopiomelanocortin

proopiomelanocortin (countable and uncountable, plural proopiomelanocortins)

(biochemistry) A precursor polypeptide involved in diverse cellular functions.


metenkephalin

(biochemistry) An endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found naturally in many parts of the animal and human body; one of the two forms of enkephalin (the other being leuenkephalin)


proenkephalin

proenkephalin (countable and uncountable, plural proenkephalins)

Finally, the gene for the opioid-associated precursor, proenkephalin (PRO), likewise displays enhanced expression (4.7-fold difference).

(biochemistry) A precursor of leuenkephalin and metenkephalin.


LAB

(microbiology, biochemistry) Initialism of lactic acid bacterium.


SST

SST (countable and uncountable, plural SSTs)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of somatostatin.


bromelain

(biochemistry) Either of two proteolytic enzymes, found in pineapples, that are used as meat tenderizers


XNA

nucleic acid analogue
nucleic acid analogue

xeno nucleic acid
xeno nucleic acid#English

(biochemistry) nucleic acid analogue (nucleic acid analog) ; Initialism of xeno nucleic acid. (backformation) ; X nucleic acid, where "X" is a stand-in for multitude of various nucleic acid acronyms, which are not DNA or RNA


CAPS

(biochemistry) Initialism of N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid.


miraculin

The cause of the reaction is a protein called miraculin, which binds with the taste buds and acts as a sweetness inducer when it comes in contact with acids, according to a scientist who has studied the fruit, Linda Bartoshuk at the University of Florida’s Center for Smell and Taste. Dr. Bartoshuk said she did not know of any dangers associated with eating miracle fruit.

2008 May 28, Patrick Farrell, Kassie Bracken, “A Tiny Fruit That Tricks the Tongue”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry) A natural sugar substitute, a glycoprotein extracted from miracle berry.


secologanin

geranyl pyrophosphate
geranyl pyrophosphate

(biochemistry) A monoterpene synthesized from geranyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway, then proceeding with dopamine to form ipecac alkaloids.


xylanolysis

(biochemistry) The breakdown of a xylan.


heteroreceptor

(biochemistry) A receptor regulating the synthesis and/or release of mediators other than its own ligand.


cephaeline

(biochemistry, pharmacology) An alkaloid that induces vomiting, related to emetine.


steapsin

steapsin (countable and uncountable, plural steapsins)

(biochemistry) A lipase that is secreted from the pancreas to hydrolyse triglycerides to liberate the fatty acids and glycerol.


dopaquinone

(biochemistry) A compound involved in melanin production.


dopamelanin

(biochemistry) A form of melanin that is a mixed copolymer of polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole.


melanogenesis

melanogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural melanogeneses)

(biochemistry) The production of melanin in human skin


juvenile hormone

juvenile hormone (plural juvenile hormones)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of sesquiterpene hormones that regulate insect physiology by preventing metamorphosis during moults.


dambonite

(biochemistry, archaic) A white crystalline sugary substance obtained from an African caoutchouc.


dyspeptone

dyspeptone (countable and uncountable, plural dyspeptones)

(biochemistry, archaic) An insoluble albuminous body formed from casein and other proteid substances by the action of gastric juice.


hydroxypregnenolone

(biochemistry) A steroid obtained by hydroxylation of pregnenolone.


heparinoid

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycosaminoglycans derived from heparin


alpha-d-galactosidase

(biochemistry) Any galactosidase that only hydrolyzes the alpha-d configuration of galactosides; a deficiency of this enzyme can lead to Fabry's disease


NEMO

(biochemistry) Initialism of NF-kappa-B essential modulator.


amphopeptone

amphopeptone (countable and uncountable, plural amphopeptones)

(biochemistry) A product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and antipeptone.


extensin

“A few years ago, we began to study the protein extensin, a natural antifreeze found in carrots, which prevents the carrots from developing ice crystals in the ground.

2009 February 5, Camille Sweeney, “It’s Cold and Your Skin Is Suffering. So What Are You Doing to Moisturize?”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of flexuous, rod-like, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) of the plant cell wall.


antiauxin

Thus it has been found that the inhibitory effect of late autumn growth on spring shoots could be overcome by the application of antiauxins like maleic hydrazide and 2, 3, 5-tri-iodobenzoic acid[…]

1962, Indian journal of plant physiology, volumes 5-7:

(biochemistry) Any substance that inhibits auxin by competing for the same receptors.


uricase

uricase (countable and uncountable, plural uricases)

(biochemistry) urate oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate.


chebulic acid

Terminalia chebula
Terminalia chebula#Translingual

(biochemistry) A phenolic acid compound isolated from the ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula.


estratetraenol

For women, a commonly used compound is estratetraenol, a derivative of the sex hormone estradiol.

2009 July 30, Camille Sweeney, “Banking on a Chemical Reaction”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry) A derivative of the sex hormone estradiol.


corydaline

corydaline (usually uncountable, plural corydalines)

(biochemistry) A bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid.


antiacetylcholinesterase

(biochemistry) That inhibits acetylcholinesterase.


antiacetylcholinesterase

(biochemistry) Any substance that inhibits acetylcholinesterase.


anaplerosis

anaplerosis (countable and uncountable, plural anapleroses)

From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up”) + πλήρωσις (plḗrōsis), from πληρόω (plēróō, “to fill”) + -σῐς (-sĭs).

(biochemistry) An intermediate enzyme reaction that replaces a depleted vital compound.


anticatabolite

(biochemistry) Any substance that inhibits catabolism


PEP

PEP (countable and uncountable, plural PEPs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of phosphoenolpyruvate.


PNP

PNP (countable and uncountable, plural PNPs)

purine nucleoside phosphorylase
w:purine nucleoside phosphorylase

(biochemistry) Initialism of purine nucleoside phosphorylase.


precell

(biochemistry) A hypothetical ancestral entity percursing complete cells.


ERM

ERM protein family
ERM protein family#English

(biochemistry) Ellipsis of ERM protein family.


ERM

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of ezrin-radixin-moesin.


disaccharidase

Lactase is a disaccharidase that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that break down disaccharides into monosaccharides


propeptone

propeptone (countable and uncountable, plural propeptones)

(biochemistry) A product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone, identical with hemialbumose.


dyslysin

(biochemistry, dated) A resinous substance formed in the decomposition of cholic acid of bile.


prestin

Coined in 2000 from the musical term presto (meaning fast) because of the speed of the protein.

(biochemistry) A protein in the hairs of the inner ear


chrysolaminarin

(biochemistry) A storage polysaccharide typically found in photosynthetic heterokonts.


lardacein

(biochemistry) A protein found in tissues affected with amyloid degeneration. It is insoluble in nearly all reagents, is not acted upon by gastric juice, and is not readily subject to putrefaction.


cyclol

(biochemistry) Any of a group of cyclic peptides proposed as a basis of rigid protein structures


rosetting

rosetting (usually uncountable, plural rosettings)

(biochemistry) A phenomenon where erythrocytes are arranged around a central cell to form a cluster that looks like a flower.


addressin

addressin (countable and uncountable, plural addressins)

(biochemistry) An extracellular protein of the endothelium of venules.

addressiini

an extracellular protein of the endothelium of venules


desmin

desmin (countable and uncountable, plural desmins)

Possibly from Ancient Greek δέσμη (désmē, “bundle”) + -in

(biochemistry) A protein that is a type III intermediate filament found near the Z line in sarcomeres.


PTH

parathyroid hormone
parathyroid hormone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of parathyroid hormone.


profilin

profilin (countable and uncountable, plural profilins)

(biochemistry) An actin-binding protein involved in the dynamic turnover and restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton, found in all eukaryotic organisms in most cells.


biocombinatorics

(biochemistry) The use of recombinational techniques to generate families of similar biological macromolecules


leucophyll

Fischer's observations confirmed Lyubimenko's opinion that protochlorophyll represents an oxidised form of chlorophyll arising as a by-product during synthesis. Lyubimenko assumed that the first stage of chlorophyll synthesis is oxidation of the chlorophyll precursor, i.e., the hypothetical leucophyll. [...]
The principal stages of initial chlorophyll biosynthesis are the condensation of pyrrole compounds with free alpha-positions, resulting in the formation of a more complex precursor of chlorophyll, i.e., a colorless leuco-compound corresponding to leucophyll. Oxidation of leucophyll leads to the formation of protochlorophyll.

1963, E. M. Senchenkova, “V. N. Lyubimenko's Studies of Chlorophyll and their Modern Development”, in Israel Program for Scientific Translations, transl., Life Phenomena: A Historical Survey, pages 134–135:

(biochemistry) A colourless substance which was hypothesised to be a precursor compound of chlorophyll.


noctilucine

From Latin noctilūca (“firefly”) + -ine. Term coined by British scientist Thomas Lamb Phipson (1833–1908). It appeared first in his article On noctilucine, the phosphorescent principle of luminous animals, published in The chemical new, vol. 32, no. 832, on November 5, 1875.

(biochemistry) A nitrogenous substance in fireflies, glowworms and marine animals, once believed to be responsible for their luminescence.

noctilucine

substance once believed to be responsible for the bioluminescence


ichthin

(biochemistry) A nitrogenous substance resembling vitellin, present in the egg yolk of cartilaginous fishes.


amygdalic

From amygdala + -ic. By surface analysis, amygdal- + -ic.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Of, from, or pertaining to almonds or amygdalin.


kerasin

kerasin (usually uncountable, plural kerasins)

(biochemistry, archaic) A nitrogenous substance, free from phosphorus, supposed to be present in the brain, and closely related to cerebrin.


biliprasin

From Latin bilis (“bile”) + prasinus (“green”).

(biochemistry) A dark green pigment found in small quantities in human gallstones.


scissible

en-adj

scissible (comparative more scissible, superlative most scissible)

more scissible (comparative)
most scissible (superlative)

The former need the presence of either a free α-NH₂ or a α-COOH group adjacent to scissible bond, whereas the latter cleaves peptide bonds of the polypeptide chain distant to the termini.

1988, A. Asghar, A. R. Bhatti, “Endogenous Proteolytic Enzymes”, in Advances in Food Research, volume 31, page 345:

This latter Ca²⁺ site, of unknown location, is influenced by Asp residues at P3(D¹⁶⁷0 and P3' (D¹⁷²) of the scissible activation peptide bond of PC

It indicates that energy requirements for elastolysis by elastases are similar to most enzyme-catalyzed reactions, suggesting that scissible peptide bonds in elastin are accessible to these elastases.

2007, Current Topics in Developmental Biology - Volume 79, page 111:

(biochemistry, of a bond) That can be severed or broken (often by a specific enzyme or catalyst).


tropocollagen

en-noun

tropocollagen (countable and uncountable, plural tropocollagens)

(biochemistry) A component of fibres of collagen in which three polypeptide chains are coiled around each other.


excretin

(biochemistry, dated) A non-nitrogenous crystalline body present in small quantities in human feces.


profilaggrin

(biochemistry) A polymeric precursor of filaggrin present in keratohyalin granules in cells of the stratum granulosum.


photoprotector

(biochemistry) A photoprotective substance


filaggrin

filaggrin (countable and uncountable, plural filaggrins)

(biochemistry) A filament-associated protein that binds to keratin fibres in epithelial cells


macrometabolism

(biochemistry) All the large-scale metabolic processes, cycles etc.


metallobiochemistry

(biochemistry) The biochemistry of metallic compounds; bioinorganic chemistry


deoxychorismate

(biochemistry) A reduced form of chorismate that is a precursor to the biosynthesis of folic acid


crambin

(biochemistry) A small protein, isolated from Crambe abyssinica, used scientifically as a model for larger proteins


lymphopoietin

(biochemistry) A cytokine protein involved in T cell maturation.


matrilysin

matrilysin (countable and uncountable, plural matrilysins)

(biochemistry) A matrix metalloproteinase that has a function in the development of tumours.


biotransform

en-verb

biotransform (third-person singular simple present biotransforms, present participle biotransforming, simple past and past participle biotransformed)

biotransforms (present singular third-person)
biotransforming (participle present)
biotransformed (participle past)
biotransformed (past)

(biochemistry) To transform something by biochemical means, especially by means of enzymes


fucosylation

(biochemistry) glycosylation using fucose moieties


metaprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein derived from another by the use of acids or bases


metaproteome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of metaproteins of an organism.


metaproteomics

(biochemistry) The branch of molecular biology that studies the set of metaproteins of an organism


prodefensin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of matrix proteins that are precursors to defensins.


antiketogenic

en-adj

antiketogenic (comparative more antiketogenic, superlative most antiketogenic)

more antiketogenic (comparative)
most antiketogenic (superlative)

(biochemistry) That inhibits the formation of ketones during the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates in the liver


acylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the removal of acyl groups, especially from acylated amino acids.


kalanin

(biochemistry) A protein that provides adhesion between epidermal keratinocytes and dermis


thionin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of cytotoxic polypeptides found in some plants


kallidin

en-noun

kallidin (countable and uncountable, plural kallidins)

(biochemistry) A decapeptide kinin, produced in the kidneys, that causes dilation of renal blood vessels and increased water excretion.

callidina

decapeptide kinin produced in the kidneys


reductoisomerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a reaction involving both reduction and isomerization


endotransglycosylase

(biochemistry) Any transglycosylase that utilizes endogenous glycosyl donors


autolysate

From autolyse + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

(biochemistry, organic chemistry, pathology) Any product of autolysis.


carboxypeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the terminal amino acid of a polypeptide/protein from the end that contains a free carboxyl group


ketoheptose

(biochemistry) Any ketose form of a heptose


ketolytic

en-adj

ketolytic (comparative more ketolytic, superlative most ketolytic)

more ketolytic (comparative)
most ketolytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) That causes the decomposition of ketones


abequosyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase that catalyzes certain reactions involving abequose


kynureninase

en-noun

kynureninase (countable and uncountable, plural kynureninases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of kynurenine into anthranilic acid.


isopepsin

(biochemistry) Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of 40 to 60°C.


cerebrin

(biochemistry, dated) A non-phosphorized nitrogenous substance, obtained from brain and nerve tissue by extraction with boiling alcohol. It is uncertain whether it exists as such in nerve tissue, or is a product of the decomposition of some more complex substance.


acetoclastis

(biochemistry) The splitting of acetate into methane and carbon dioxide by some methanogens.


aceticoceptor

(obsolete, biochemistry) Part of a molecule that acts as a receptor for acetyl groups


flavodoxin

(biochemistry) A bacterial protein that includes flavin mononucleotide.


acetylaminopeptidase

acetylaminopeptidase (plural not attested)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of acetylmethionine from the amino terminus of a protein (especially from an actin)


fructokinase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme of the liver, intestine, and kidney cortex.


acetyladenylate

(biochemistry) The mixed anhydride of acetic acid and adenylic acid that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA.


sucrase

(biochemistry) Any of a number of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose or to their respective homopolysaccharides


acetokinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of acetate as part of glycolysis


acetylgalactosaminide

(biochemistry) Any galactosaminyl derivative of a glycoprotein, especially one involved in glycan biosynthesis


acetylgalactosaminidase

(biochemistry) A glycoside hydrolase whose deficiency leads to Schindler disease/Kanzaki disease.


acetylgalactosaminylphosphotransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase present on the surface of the retina


acetylglucomannan

(biochemistry) A heteropolysaccharide, the acetyl derivative of glucomannan, present in most plants


acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycosyltransferases that participate in the biosynthesis of glycans


IMP

(biochemistry) Initialism of inosine monophosphate.

integral membrane protein
integral membrane protein#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of integral membrane protein.


histozyme

(biochemistry, dated) A soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, supposed to be responsible for many normal decompositions and synthetic processes.


obelin

(biochemistry) A calcium-regulated bioluminescent photoprotein from marine organisms of the genus Obelia.


xylosylprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate moiety is xylose.


galactoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate moiety is galactose


acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase

From acetylglucosamine + phosphotransferase.

(biochemistry) A particular lysosomal transferase enzyme


acetylpolyamine

(biochemistry) The n-acetyl derivative of a polyamine


acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide

(biochemistry) A peptidoglycan in which the sugar moiety is acetylglucosamine


acetylornithine

(biochemistry) The N-acetyl derivative of ornithine; it is involved in the biosynthesis of glutamate


acetylmannosamine

(biochemistry) The N-acetyl derivative of mannosamine; it is involved in the biosynthesis of sialic acid


acetylmuramidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in the autolysis of cells


acetylhexosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of terminal acetylhexosamine residues of acetylhexosaminides


acetylhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolytic removal of an acetyl group


thiocholine

thiocholine (countable and uncountable, plural thiocholines)

quaternary ammonium compound
quaternary ammonium compound

(biochemistry) A mercapto quaternary ammonium compound with formula (CH₃)₃N⁺CH₂CH₂SH⁻; it is used as a reagent for the determination of cholinesterases


acetylmannosaminyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase whose substrate is a derivative of acetylmannosamine.


queuine

(biochemistry) A hypermodified derivative of guanine present in the anticodon of some tRNAs


hypermodified

(biochemistry, of bases or nucleosides) modified at multiple positions


fibrinolysin

(biochemistry) An enzyme derived from plasma of bovine origin, or extracted from cultures of certain bacteria, that attacks and inactivates fibrin.


smoothelin

(biochemistry) A cytoskeletal protein fund only in smooth muscle cells.


verprolin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of actin-binding proteins that are regulators of cytoskeletal organisation in vertebrate cells.


cortactin

(biochemistry) A microfilament protein that regulates the assembly and organization of cortical actin


synaptopodin

synaptopodin (countable and uncountable, plural synaptopodins)

(biochemistry) An actin-binding protein present in the podocytes of the kidney


aminonucleoside

(biochemistry) Any form of a nucleoside derived from an amino sugar

aminonucleosídeo

any form of a nucleoside derived from an amino sugar


achrodextrin

(biochemistry, cytology) A form of dextrin that is not colourable by iodine

achroodekstryna

a form of dextrin that is not colourable by iodine


mannitan

mannitan (countable and uncountable, plural mannitans)


metapeptone

(biochemistry) An intermediate product formed in the gastric digestion of albuminous matter.


fibrinoplastin

From fibrin + Ancient Greek πλαστός (plastós, “mouldable”); compare plastic.

der

(biochemistry) An albuminous substance in the blood which, in combination with fibrinogen, forms fibrin.


tunicin

en-noun

tunicin (countable and uncountable, plural tunicins)

(biochemistry) Animal cellulose; a substance present in the mantle, or tunic, of the tunicates, which resembles, or is identical with, the cellulose of the vegetable kingdom.


bilifuscin

From Latin bilis (“bile”) + fuscus (“dark”) + -in.

(biochemistry) A brownish-green pigment, derived from bilirubin, found in human gallstones and in old bile.


QRP

queen retinue pheromone
queen retinue pheromone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of queen retinue pheromone.