phytoceramidase

PHS can be converted to PHC followed by a mechanism similar to that between DHS and DHC, but the reverse reaction is catalyzed by the specific enzyme phytoceramidase.

2016 January 20, “Analysis of the Involvement of Different Ceramide Variants in the Response to Hydroxyurea Stress in Baker's Yeast”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A ceramidase that acts upon phytoceramides


lipin

(biochemistry) Any fat, fatty acid, lipoid, soap, or similar substance.


rhamnogalacturonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a rhamnogalacturonan.


xylogalacturonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a xylogalacturonan.


lactodifucotetraose

Three of the more abundant fucosylated HMOs, 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) and lactodifucotetraose have been shown to exhibit a prebiotic effect [4 ].

2016 January 23, “Novel α-L-Fucosidases from a Soil Metagenome for Production of Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of lactose with two added fucose moieties


metalloreductase

For plants, no corresponding metalloreductase has so far been found [58 ] indicating that the main storage form of iron in the vacuole appears to be complexed Fe(II).

2016 January 23, “The Organization of Controller Motifs Leading to Robust Plant Iron Homeostasis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any reductase that is a metalloenzyme


monoglucose

As an extremely sensitive sensor of the tertiary structure of glycoproteins, UGT1 catalyzes the addition of monoglucose to the defective glycoprotein for repair through an unconventional pathway.

2016 January 26, “Comparative Proteomics Reveals Important Viral-Host Interactions in HCV-Infected Human Liver Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A single glucose moiety in a macromolecule


phospholipomannan

en-noun

phospholipomannan (countable and uncountable, plural phospholipomannans)

TLR2 and TLR4 are thought to interact with phospholipomannan and O-linked mannan of PAMPs as well.

2016 January 26, “Cell Wall N -Linked Mannoprotein Biosynthesis Requires Goa1p, a Putative Regulator of Mitochondrial Complex I in Candida albicans”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A complex formed between a phospholipid and a mannan


antiholin

Analysis of the 30–84 genome revealed that it also harbors homologs of cidA and lrg, the holin and antiholin genes found in P.

2016 January 27, “The Phenazine 2-Hydroxy-Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Promotes Extracellular DNA Release and Has Broad Transcriptomic Consequences in Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30–84”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any protein that counters the effect of holin; a gene responsible for such a protein


actinohivin

We have also observed such differences (10- to 50-fold) when the inhibitory potential of CBAs such as HHA, GNA or actinohivin have been determined for cell-free virus infection of T-lymphocytes versus syncytium formation in cocultures of persistently HIV-1-infected and uninfected cells [44, 45 ].

2016 January 28, “The Cellular Thioredoxin-1/Thioredoxin Reductase-1 Driven Oxidoreduction Represents a Chemotherapeutic Target for HIV-1 Entry Inhibition”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A lectin, that counters HIV, isolated from an actinomycete of the genus Longispora


biurate

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A urate containing twice as much of the uric acid constituent as an ordinary urate.


deneddylation

It participates in the regulation of SCF complex deactivation by the deneddylation of cullin.

2016 January 30, “Characterization of SCF-Complex during Bovine Preimplantation Development”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The process by which NEDD8 is removed from a conjugated protein


thymidylyltransferase

There are four genes, rmlB (dTDP-glucose 4, 6-dehydratase), rmlD (dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase), rmlA (glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase), and rmlC (dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase) that are involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose.

2016 January 30, “Comparison of O-Antigen Gene Clusters of All O-Serogroups of Escherichia coli and Proposal for Adopting a New Nomenclature for O-Typing”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a thymidylyl or thymidyl group.


mallein

Latin malleus (“glanders”) and suffix -in.

A further supply of mallein has been elaborated; examinations of samples of locusts, urine, etc., have been made.

1901 June 21, H. Watkins-Pitchford, “Veterinary Departmental Report for April, 1901”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, volume 4, number 8, page 247:

(biochemistry) A protein fraction obtained from Burkholderia mallei, used in testing for glanders.


propentdyopent

(biochemistry) Any of a class of compounds formed as metabolites of heme that become bile pigments


succinylome

These results provide the first in-depth analysis of the lysine succinylome and novel insights into the role of succinylation in tomato, thereby elucidating lysine succinylation in the context of cellular physiology and metabolite biosynthesis in plants.

2016 February 2, “Proteome-Wide Identification of Lysine Succinylation in the Proteins of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) All the products of succinylation, especially of lysine


internexin

For example, internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha (Ina) is located within 1 Mb of Gsto1 at 47.01 Mb and is associated with a strong cis-eQTL (1448992_at; LOD = 20).

2016 February 2, “The Genetic Architecture of Murine Glutathione Transferases”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A particular neurofilament protein.


mevaldate

From mevaldic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

For instance, EC 1.1.1.32 and 1.1.1.33 represent two mevaldate reductases, both catalyse the conversion of (R)-mevalonate to mevaldate but respectively use NAD + and NADP + as a cofactor [16 ].

2016 February 4, “Characterising Complex Enzyme Reaction Data”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of mevaldic acid.


hypusination

Here, we suggest that such diverse post-translational modifications, including the β-lysylation/rhamnosylation of EF-P (and the hypusination of eIF5A) (Fig 8 ), are typical examples of “convergent evolution”.

2016 February 4, “Neisseria meningitidis Translation Elongation Factor P and Its Active-Site Arginine Residue Are Essential for Cell Viability”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


DPD

dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.


chemical genomics

In this article, we will provide a detailed analysis of the current state of chemical genomics and its potential impact on biological and medical research, and pharmaceutical development.

2012, Zheng XFS, Chan T-F, “Chemical genomics: a systematic approach in biological research and drug discovery”, in Cell, page 33:

Such obstacles prompted the development of small chemical inhibitors to dissect biological pathways in an approach popularly known as chemical genomics.

2015, Baral A, Bhalerao RP, “Exploring exocytosis using chemical genomics”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, page 14:

(biochemistry, biology) a research method using small molecule inhibitors known to target specific proteins to examine the role of those specific proteins in biological (typically biochemical) processes


bradyrhizose

These bacteria display a unique LPS O-antigen composed of a new sugar, the bradyrhizose that is regarded as a key symbiotic factor due to its non-immunogenic character.

2016 February 6, “The LPS O -Antigen in Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium Strains Is Dispensable for the Establishment of a Successful Symbiosis with Aeschynomene Legumes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An inositol-fused monosaccharide associated with bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium


epylisin

The most notable gene in this cluster is MMP28, which encodes epylisin, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase expressed in keratinocytes and associated with cell proliferation during repair after response to epithelial injury [23, 24 ].

2016 February 6, “Molecular and Cellular Profiling of Scalp Psoriasis Reveals Differences and Similarities Compared to Skin Psoriasis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A particular human matrix metalloproteinase


excitosome

We hope that this work will trigger more future study that will lead to the full characterization of the newcomer SG excitosome as has been worked out for the predocked SG excitosome.

2016 February 6, “Syntaxin-3 Binds and Regulates Both R- and L-Type Calcium Channels in Insulin-Secreting INS-1 832/13 Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins which, together with calcium ions, triggers secretion


conopeptide

(biochemistry) Any of a group of oligopeptides found in cone snails.


epiplakin

epiplakin (countable and uncountable, plural epiplakins)

Together with epiplakin they function to bundle and assemble intermediate filaments[35 ,36 ].

2016 February 10, “SuperSILAC Quantitative Proteome Profiling of Murine Middle Ear Epithelial Cell Remodeling with NTHi”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


dephosphatase

Indeed, PKC CK2α has been shown to selectively phosphorylate DUSP6 and increase its dephosphatase activity [49 ].

2016 February 10, “Differential Roles for DUSP Family Members in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Regulation in Breast Cancer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


gene transcription

gene transcription (countable and uncountable, plural gene transcriptions)

(biochemistry, genetics) The copying of DNA segments into RNA, by RNA polymerase, as the first stage of gene expression.


chitosugar

(biochemistry) Any of a class of sugars associated with bacterial cell walls


fucolectin

(biochemistry) Any lectin that binds fucose


chitoporin

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, a copper-dependent enzyme, attacks recalcitrant chitin polysaccharides [4 ,5 ], while endochitinases hydrolyse long chitin chains to chitin oligosaccharides, which are then transported through the bacterial cell wall by chitoporin or ChiP.

2016 February 13, “Probing the Catalytic Mechanism of Vibrio harveyi GH20 ?-N -Acetylglucosaminidase by Chemical Rescue”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A porin associated with bacterial cell walls


acidogenesis

Investigating the functional effects of dentifrices (for example, the inhibition of acidogenesis or proteolysis) at sub-lethal concentrations is normally achieved (for acidogenesis inhibition) by exposing oral bacteria to diluted formulations and assessing changes in pH with a microelectrode, or by the chemical analyses of fermentation acids.

2016 February 17, “Simultaneous Assessment of Acidogenesis-Mitigation and Specific Bacterial Growth-Inhibition by Dentifrices”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The biochemical formation of acids


destabilase

destabilase (countable and uncountable, plural destabilases)

Amino acid residues contributing to substrate binding are indicated by empty circles, those contributing to destabilase activity are indicated by black diamonds and those contributing to a potential dimerization are indicated by empty squares.

2016 February 17, “Multiple I-Type Lysozymes in the Hydrothermal Vent Mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus and Their Role in Symbiotic Plasticity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A form of lysozyme (isopeptidase) found in the secretions from the salivary glands of medicinal leeches


autobiotinylation

However, the degree of glutamine labelling was obviously low, and controls without rp39 showed autobiotinylation of the enzyme.

2016 February 18, “Involvement of a Novel Class C Beta-Lactamase in the Transglutaminase Mediated Cross-Linking Cascade of Streptomyces mobaraensis DSM 40847”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) enzymatic biotinylation of an enzyme itself


pleiomeric

The great variety of nucleotide conformations which occur in these large asymmetric units has prompted us to describe them as pleiomeric, a term used in botany to describe whorls having more than the usual number of structures.

1983, Struther Arnott, R. Chandrasekaran, A.K. Banerjee, Rungen He, J.K. Walker, “New wrinkles on polynucleotide duplexes”, in Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, volume 1, number 2:

The morphological differences between this pleiomeric DNA polymer and closely-related, but more symmetrical allomorphs are just as great as those observed in short DNA fragments in crystals.

1985, Cambridge Scientific Biochemistry Abstracts: Nucleic acids:

An American chemist has stated the pleiomeric chemicals in onions have the potential to alleviate or prevent sore throat.

2012, Yadav Anuj, Singh Sanjay Kumar, Kumar Navneet, “Nutrientional and medicinal value of onion”, in Annals of Horticulture, volume 5, number 2:

(biochemistry) Having large, asymmetric nucleotide formations.


sophorotriose

The opposite side of subsite +1 from Arg572 is connected to a large empty space appearing to be subsite +2 for the binding of sophorotriose (Glc-β-1,2-Glc-β-1,2-Glc) in spite of the higher K m value for sophorotriose than that for sophorose.

2016 February 18, “Functional and Structural Analysis of a ?-Glucosidase Involved in ?-1,2-Glucan Metabolism in Listeria innocua”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A trisaccharide present in sophorolipid


spectraplakin

Thus it is possible that in Schwann cells, Dst is involved in any or all of intermediate filament organization, basement membrane formation and mediation of signaling of specific integrin complexes—none of which are present in OLs. Further explanation may exist for the seemingly disposable nature of neuronal Dst in OLs. In mammals, a second member of the spectraplakin exists: microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1 (Macf1; variantly actin crosslinking family 7/Acf7).

2016 February 18, “Cytoskeletal Linker Protein Dystonin Is Not Critical to Terminal Oligodendrocyte Differentiation or CNS Myelination”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of exceptionally long, intracellular proteins that have the rare ability to bind to all three cytoskeletal elements: actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments


laminaritetraose

Between the N and C-terminal domains, the model contains an electronegatively charged wide groove comprising several conserved residues that include the above catalytic residues and four amino acid residues; Thr156, Asn158, Trp163 and Thr167 involved in sugar binding that accommodate the laminaritetraose molecule.

2016 February 19, “Prediction of Certain Well-Characterized Domains of Known Functions within the PE and PPE Proteins of Mycobacteria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide composed of two laminaribiose moieties


bioreduce

en-verb

bioreduce (third-person singular simple present bioreduces, present participle bioreducing, simple past and past participle bioreduced)

bioreduces (present singular third-person)
bioreducing (participle present)
bioreduced (participle past)
bioreduced (past)

(biochemistry) To biologically or biochemically reduce


immunoproteomics

Our results suggest that the combination of immunoproteomics and bioinformatics analyses is a promising method for the identification of novel candidate antigens for vaccine development or with potential use in the development of sensitive diagnostic tests.

2016 February 24, “Identification of Immunoreactive Leishmania infantum Protein Antigens to Asymptomatic Dog Sera through Combined Immunoproteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The study of an immunoproteome


percine

An other type of diprotamine contains arginine and histidine: the percine [from the perch, Perca flavescens] belongs to this group.

2012, Christoph Scholtissek with B.M. Richards, R. Vendrely, C. Vendrely, and D.P. Bloch, Chemistry and Cytochemistry of Nucleic Acids and Nuclear Proteins, Springer, →ISBN, page 16:

Perca flavescens
Perca flavescens#Translingual

(biochemistry) A protamine found in the sperm of yellow perch Perca flavescens


Feulgen stain

(biochemistry) A histological stain used to identify chromosomal material or DNA in cell specimens, based on acid hydrolysis of DNA.


papayotin

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme found in the papaw, resembling papain in its action.


exometabolism

(biochemistry) metabolism that occurs outside of the cell or organism


archaeosome

(biochemistry) Any liposome based upon an archaeolipid.


maltosylated

This is shown in Fig 3 for the hordatine B in its non-glycosylated, glycosylated, and maltosylated form.

2016 March 4, “Spatio-Temporal Metabolite Profiling of the Barley Germination Process by MALDI MS Imaging”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Modified by the addition of a maltosyl radical


chitosanolytic

Chitinolytic activity staining analysis confirmed that the protein with a molecular mass of 20.5 kDa was a chitosanolytic enzyme exhibiting both chitosanase activity (Fig 2B) and chitinase activity (Fig 2C).

2016 March 4, “Characterization of a Chitosanase from Jelly Fig ( Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Latex and Its Application in the Production of Water-Soluble Low Molecular Weight Chitosans”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) That hydrolyzes chitosans


counterligand

The involvement in neuroimmune surveillance of P-selectin, a major counterligand for PSGL-1 [6 ] responsible for the initial tethering and rolling of leucocytes on blood vessels, was highlighted by Carrithers and collaborators [7 ].

2016 March 5, “T-Lymphocytes Traffic into the Brain across the Blood-CSF Barrier: Evidence Using a Reconstituted Choroid Plexus Epithelium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A ligand that occupies the normal place of another


typholysin

(biochemistry) The hemolysin involved in cholera.


cyanurin

(biochemistry) The pigment that gives the urine a bluish tinge in cases of cyanuria.


phasin

We repeated the localization experiment overexpressing B. megaterium ’s chromosomally encoded phasin phaP, a natural main constituent of the PHB granules’ monolayer responsible for size regulation, to assess whether the aggregation of CYP11A1eGFP is an artificial effect due to the protein’s heterologous nature.

2015 July 29, Adrian Gerber et al., “Functionalized PHB granules provide the basis for the efficient side-chain cleavage of cholesterol and analogs in recombinant Bacillus megaterium”, in Microbial Cell Factories, volume 14, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of surface proteins associated with bacterial granules.


centaurin

Importantly, ACAP2 (also known as centaurin β 2) is recruited to the plasma membrane in a Rab35-dependent manner and functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6).

2015 July 1, Youhei Egami et al., “Activation-Inactivation Cycling of Rab35 and ARF6 Is Required for Phagocytosis of Zymosan in RAW264 Macrophages”, in Journal of Immunology Research, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a specific group of neuronal scaffold proteins


livin

Eight members of the family of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are reported, including X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), cIAP1, cIAP2, NAIP (NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein), livin, ILP2 (IAP-like protein 2), BRUCE and survivin.

2015, Praveen Kumar Jaiswal, Apul Goel, R.D. Mittal, “Survivin: A molecular biomarker in cancer”, in The Indian Journal of Medical Research, volume 141, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A particular protein that inhibits apoptosis


carboxymaltose

While particularly in outpatients oral iron preparations are commonly preferred, intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM, Ferinject) provides a new, convenient option for rapid iron substitution, especially in cases where oral substitution is ineffective or not tolerated.

2015 July 5, Matthias Bach et al., “Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Geriatric Inpatients at a German Tertiary University Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of Clinical Practice”, in Anemia, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A carbohydrate derivative formed by carboxylation of maltose


galactanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a galactan


endogalactanase

(biochemistry) Any endocytic galactanase


endoarabinanase

100 μl reactions were carried out containing equal volumes of buffered substrate (pH 4.5) and suitably diluted culture filtrate which were then incubated at 40°C for 1 h in the case of the endoarabinanase, endo-1,4-β-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-xylanase activities and 16 h for the endo-1,4-β-galactanase and rhamnogalacturonan activities.

2015 August 1, Isabelle Benoit et al., “Closely related fungi employ diverse enzymatic strategies to degrade plant biomass”, in Biotechnology for Biofuels, volume 8, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any endocytic arabinanase


endorphinergic

en-adj

endorphinergic (comparative more endorphinergic, superlative most endorphinergic)

more endorphinergic (comparative)
most endorphinergic (superlative)

The opiate antagonist naloxone blocks both stimulation-produced analgesia from brain stimulation and analgesia from stimulation of acupuncture points, thus suggesting that a descending pain system able to inhibit pain perception can be associated with the endorphinergic pathway in the brain and spinal cord.

2015 July 7, Antonietta Santoro et al., “Auricular Acupressure Can Modulate Pain Threshold”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Produced or activated by an endorphin.


hyperglutamatergic

Therefore, we speculate that a model of a neuronal excitatory/inhibitory imbalance might explain the plethora of neuropsychiatric symptoms that can be observed in the course of NMDR encephalitis: Initial hyperglutamatergic states can be interpreted as an indicator of cortical over-excitation, whereas hypoglutamatergic states in the further course (after months) of the disease might be a sequel of over-inhibition of cortical brain areas, possibly triggered by the preceding over-excitation.

2015 August 1, Dominique Endres et al., “Hypoglutamatergic state is associated with reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a case report”, in BMC Psychiatry, volume 15, →DOI:

(biochemistry, neurology) Excessively glutamatergic


retrotranscriptase

DNA microarrays are particularly useful tools in this aspect: after collecting RNA samples from either tissue or cell cultures, cDNA is produced via a retrotranscriptase and hybridized with DNA probes attached to the surface of a manufactured chip.

2015 July 7, Yunlong Hou et al., “Animal Models and “Omics” Technologies for Identification of Novel Biomarkers and Drug Targets to Prevent Heart Failure”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

reverse transcriptase
reverse transcriptase#English

(biochemistry) Synonym of reverse transcriptase.


rhamnogalacturonanase

Endoarabinanase, endo-1,4-β-glucanase (cellulase), endo-1,4-β-galactanase and rhamnogalacturonanase activities were measured using 20 mg/ml of Red Debranched Arabinan (S-RDAR), Azo-CM-cellulose (S-ACMC), Azo-galactan (S-AGALP) and AZ-rhamnogalacturonan (S-AZRH), respectively.

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a rhamnogalacturonan


glycanation

This observation highlighted a potential crucial discrepancy in the glycanation pattern of human aggrecan isoforms deposited in the PNNs versus ECM of the CNS, as well as in aggrecan molecules assembled in cartilage matrices.

2009 February 11, Daniela Virgintino et al., “Differential distribution of aggrecan isoforms in perineuronal nets of the human cerebral cortex”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:


ovomucoid

In parallel, egg extract and Gal d 1, ovomucoid, and cow’s milk extract and Bos d 8, casein, were applied.

2015 August 2, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Sabine Pfeifer, Merima Bublin, “Applications of Molecular Diagnostic Testing in Food Allergy”, in Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, volume 15, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A protein, present in egg white, which, unlike ovalbumin, is heat-stable


phospholipoglycoprotein

Vtg, the precursor protein for egg yolk, is a large serum phospholipoglycoprotein produced only in the liver of mature females and is transferred by the bloodstream to the ovary.

2015 July 14, Weiwei Luo et al., “Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Ovarian Tissues from Diploid and Tetraploid Loaches Misgurnus anguillicaudatus”, in International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 16, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A complex of a phospholipid and a glycoprotein


preprorelaxin

The mode of in vivo processing of human preprorelaxin is not yet fully understood and has to be deduced by analogy to the processing of porcine and rat preprorelaxins.

1984, P Hudson, “Relaxin gene expression in human ovaries and the predicted structure of a human preprorelaxin by analysis of cDNA clones”, in The EMBO Journal, volume 3, number 10, page 2333:

Cells were transduced with an integrating lentiviral vector bicistronically expressing human preprorelaxin 2 cDNA [ 26 ] and eGFP gene, or just eGFP, under a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.

2008 September 16, Massimo Bonacchi et al., “Functional and histopathological improvement of the post-infarcted rat heart upon myoblast cell grafting and relaxin therapy”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A precursor of prorelaxin.


multineurotrophin

MNTS1 is a multineurotrophin that binds and autophosphorylates Trk receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA/TrkB/TrKC) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR) [ 118 ].

2015 July 9, Vikram Sabapathy, George Tharion, Sanjay Kumar, “Cell Therapy Augments Functional Recovery Subsequent to Spinal Cord Injury under Experimental Conditions”, in Stem Cells International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A neurotrophin that activates multiple metabolic pathways


glycolipoprotein

(biochemistry) Any lipoprotein that has a covalently-bonded carbohydrate


proneurotensin

In conclusion, higher basal plasma levels of copeptin were found in inactive IBD patients, whereas the basal plasma levels of MR-proADM, MR-proANP, MR-PENK A, NT-PTA, and proneurotensin were not altered in inactive IBD compared with controls in middle-aged subjects.

2015 July 13, Bodil Ohlsson, Olle Melander, “Basal Plasma Levels of Copeptin are Elevated in Inactive Inflammatory Bowel Disease after Bowel Resection”, in Drug Target Insights, volume 9, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A precursor of the hormone neurotensin


embigin

extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein involved in cell growth and development by mediating interactions between the cell and extracellular matrix.


fimbrillin

These are filamentous components on the cell surface, and their subunit protein, fimbrillin (FimA), reportedly acts on bacterial interaction with host tissues by mediating bacterial adhesion and colonization in targeted sites.

2015, Nora SILVA et al., “Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases”, in Journal of Applied Oral Science, volume 23, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of subunit proteins in the fimbria of some bacteria


spastizin

Antibodies used in this study include in-house antibodies against clathrin, AP-5 ζ (monoclonal antibody used for IF), µ5 and SPG11 monoclonal (4) and spastizin [PER antibody (49)] and commercial antibodies against spastizin (Atlas HPA035693), EEA1 (BD Transduction Labs E41120), LAMP1 (Abcam ab24170 and H4A3), CIMPR (2G11; Calbiochem 444105), AP-2 µ2 (AP50; BD Transduction Labs 611351), LC3 (4E12; MBL M152-3B), LBPA (Jean Gruenberg), CD63 (H5C6; BD Biosciences), tubulin (DM1A, Abcam ab7291) and actin (C4, Abcam ab3280).

2015 June 17, Jennifer Hirst et al., “Loss of AP-5 results in accumulation of aberrant endolysosomes: defining a new type of lysosomal storage disease”, in Human Molecular Genetics, volume 24, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A protein, characteristic of spastic paraplegia, that mediates autophagic lysosome reformation


shugoshin

From Japanese 守護神 (shugoshin, “guardian”) + -in.

The shugoshin Sgo1 homodimer and inhibitor toxin microcystin peptide have been omitted for clarity.

2015 May 13, Chey Loveday et al., “Mutations in the PP2A regulatory subunit B family genes PPP2R5B, PPP2R5C and PPP2R5D cause human overgrowth”, in Human Molecular Genetics, volume 24, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that play a role in the centromeric protection of cohesin


ferrihemoglobin

We believe that paclitaxel inhibits the expression of Zo-1 and Claudin-4 and affects TJ integrity, resulting in alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunctions, increased ACM permeability, and exudation of ferrihemoglobin fluid and cells from the capillaries to the alveoli interstitium and even the alveolar cavity, which causes pulmonary edema and, ultimately, ACM thickening and gas diffusion dysfunctions 5 6 .

2015 August 10, Wen-jie Liu et al., “Paclitaxel-induced lung injury and its amelioration by parecoxib sodium”, in Scientific Reports, volume 5, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A form of hemoglobin in which the central ferrous iron atom is oxidised to the ferric state


laminaripentaose

Agrocinopine A (yellow), cellobiose (light blue) and laminaripentaose (green) are represented as sticks. (PDF) Click here for additional data file.

2015 August 5, Abbas El Sahili et al., “A Pyranose-2-Phosphate Motif Is Responsible for Both Antibiotic Import and Quorum-Sensing Regulation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens”, in PLoS Pathogens, volume 11, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide related to laminarin


ectodysplasin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of transmembrane proteins associated with ectoderm


dockerin

From docker + -in, because of its "docking" function.

Interacting protein components (enzymes bearing a dockerin and scaffoldin or cohesin) were mixed at a final concentration of 10 µM at room temperature in 20 mM Tris-maleate pH 6.0, 1 mM CaCl 2, and 4 µL were subjected to native PAGE (4–15% gradient) using a Phastsystem apparatus (GE Healthcare).

2015 August 13, Julie Ravachol et al., “Combining free and aggregated cellulolytic systems in the cellulosome-producing bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum”, in Biotechnology for Biofuels, volume 8, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that interact with cohesin


redoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that are involved in redox reactions


nucleoredoxin

In line with this finding, H 2 O 2 inhibited the association between disheveled and nucleoredoxin, blocking the Wnt- β -catenin pathway [ 72 ].

2015 July 26, Shijie Ding et al., “Redox Regulation in Cancer Stem Cells”, in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A thioredoxin that is involved in cell growth and differentiation


cellobionic acid

(biochemistry) A particular glucosyl gluconic acid


cellotrionic acid

(biochemistry) A gluconic acid derived from cellotriose


cholinephosphotransferase

In addition to de novo DAG that is generated via the Kennedy pathway, DAG precursors for TAG synthesis can also be derived from PC by the reversible action of two enzymes, PC:DAG cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT/ROD1; [ 65 ] and/or cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine:DAG cholinephosphotransferase (CPT; [ 66, 67 ].

2015 August 16, Aruna Kilaru et al., “Oil biosynthesis in a basal angiosperm: transcriptome analysis of Persea Americana mesocarp”, in BMC Plant Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the transfer of phosphocholine (in a glyceride)


xylodextrin

These are then transported into the cells by cellodextrin and xylodextrin transporters and—in the case of xylodextrins—reduced before they are further processed to monomeric sugars by intracellular hydrolases.

2015 August 16, Xin Li et al., “Cellobionic acid utilization: from Neurospora crassa to Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, in Biotechnology for Biofuels, volume 8, →DOI:


filensin

This may indicate cataract development, with concomitant degradation of the 94 kDa and 50 kDa forms of filensin, in addition to the decreased GSH and AsA concentrations.

2015 July 31, Yosuke Nakazawa et al., “Hesperetin prevents selenite-induced cataract in rats”, in Molecular Vision, volume 21:

(biochemistry) A fibrous protein present in the lens of the eye


sphingosinokinase

For the other S1P species, the the^([sic]) mostly important is sphingosinokinase (SK) in the reticulum, inner membrane and nucleus, respectively.

2015 August 15, Weronika Wronowska et al., “Computational modeling of sphingolipid metabolism”, in BMC Systems Biology, volume 9, →DOI:


microvitellogenin

The B. mori 30KP sequences are similar to those of microvitellogenin in Manduca sexta ( Wang et al.

2015 June 13, Xiao-Feng Shi et al., “Identification and Characterization of 30 K Protein Genes Found in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Transcriptome”, in Journal of Insect Science, volume 15, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A very small form of a vitellogenin


paramyosin

en-noun

paramyosin (countable and uncountable, plural paramyosins)

The target of >40% protection has been achieved with some schistosome molecules such as fatty acid binding protein (Sm14), paramyosin, calpain large subunit (Sm80), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cysteine peptidases ( 2 ).

2015 July 30, Rashika El Ridi, Ahmad A. Othman, Donald P. McManus, “Editorial: The Schistosomiasis Vaccine – It is Time to Stand up”, in Frontiers in Immunology, volume 6, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A muscle protein, similar to myosin, present in some invertebrates


premembrane

Acute samples were tested by real-time RT-PCR targeting the premembrane (prM)/envelope gene at the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS). 2 Three samples taken from Ratchaburi province, Thailand, were positive for ZIKV infection based on serologic studies whereas ZIKV RNA was detected in the other four samples.

2015, Rome Buathong et al., “Detection of Zika Virus Infection in Thailand, 2012–2014”, in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, volume 93, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A signal peptide responsible for dengue envelope translocation in cells


megasynthase

A long, multi-domain olefin megasynthase was translationally coupled to a reporter protein or antibiotic resistance marker as a way to monitor and improve its translation elongation via synonymous codon mutations ( 34 ).

2015 June 27, Tian Tian, Howard M. Salis, “A predictive biophysical model of translational coupling to coordinate and control protein expression in bacterial operons”, in Nucleic Acids Research, volume 43, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A large, complex synthase (that produces a specific natural product as if on an assembly line)


apoptotically

en-adv

apoptotically (comparative more apoptotically, superlative most apoptotically)

more apoptotically (comparative)
most apoptotically (superlative)

(biochemistry) In an apoptotic manner; by the means of apoptosis.


hemoglobinase

H11 and H-gal-GP are believed to be components of the hemoglobinase complex in the H. contortus adult gut responsible for digestion of the ingested host hemoglobin and are regarded as hidden antigens not exposed to the host immune system [ 9, 16, 17 ].

2015 August 19, Christian Heim et al., “Inhibition of Haemonchus contortus larval development by fungal lectins”, in Parasites & Vectors, volume 8, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of hemoglobin


isopentenyltransferase

The rate-limiting step for cytokinin biosynthesis involves a group of isopentenyltransferase (IPT) enzymes.

2015 April 23, Simon Moore et al., “Spatiotemporal modelling of hormonal crosstalk explains the level and patterning of hormones and gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and mutant roots”, in The New Phytologist, volume 207, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyses the transfer of an isopentenyl group


ribogenesis

From ribo- + -genesis, from ribonucleic acid.

Dear Editor, Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a nucleolar protein implicated in ribogenesis, centrosome duplication and stress response. 1 NPM1 is mutated in ~30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. 2 Heterozygous mutations involve few base duplications or insertions in the gene's last exon.

2014 September 25, A De Cola et al., “AML cells carrying NPM1 mutation are resistant to nucleophosmin displacement from nucleoli caused by the G-quadruplex ligand TmPyP4”, in Cell Death & Disease, volume 5, →DOI:


arabinosyl

Among the various targets that PknJ is experimentally known to phosphorylate and activate [ 87 ], EmbR is a transcriptional factor required for the expression of the embCAB operon, that encodes the critical cell wall arabinosyl transferases [ 88 ].

2015 August 13, Uma Shankar Gautam et al., “In-Vivo Gene Signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in C3HeB/FeJ Mice”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(biochemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical derived from arabinose


endoglycoceramidase

Results of analyzing Exo1 with the InterProScan [ 24 ] software at the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database ( http://www.cazy.org/ ) [ 38 ], suggests that Exo1 belongs to the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 5 (GH5), which includes enzymes with cellulase or xylanase activity [i.e., endoglucanase (Enzyme Commission number [ 39 ]: EC 3.2.1.4), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), exo-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.58), endo-1,6-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.75), β-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), and endoglycoceramidase (EC 3.2.1.123)].

2015 August 11, Angsana Keeratijarut et al., “The Immunoreactive Exo-1,3-β-Glucanase from the Pathogenic Oomycete Pythium insidiosum Is Temperature Regulated and Exhibits Glycoside Hydrolase Activity”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A membrane-associated endocytic glycosidase


superpathway

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superpathway.wav

In Mtb :Δ dosR, pathways such as “Guanosine nucleotides de novo pathway of methionine biosynthesis, superpathway of amino acids biosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, TCA cycle, NAD phosphorylation, etc. were significantly changed ( S1 – S3 Figs).

(biochemistry) A combination of biochemical pathways that describe the biosynthesis or metabolism of a group of related compounds


sulfogalactosyl

Earlier we showed that sphingosine ( Fig 1 ), which lacks the sulfogalactosyl moiety of lyso-SF, requires fVa for its inhibition of II activation [ 21 ].

2015 August 11, Subramanian Yegneswaran et al., “Lyso-Sulfatide Binds Factor Xa and Inhibits Thrombin Generation by the Prothrombinase Complex”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(biochemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical derived from galactosyl sulfate


autobiochemical

The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured with an autobiochemical analyzer (CX7; Beckman Coulter, Inc., Brea, CA, USA).

2015 August 21, Haizhi Qi et al., “Foxp3-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes liver allograft tolerance through the generation of regulatory T cells in rats”, in Journal of Translational Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Relating to autobiochemistry


bioflavanol

The experiments, each were carried out each in triplicate and the results are tabulated in Table 1 and compared with the standard drug Rutin (Fig. 7 ), a bioflavanol which is a well established promising anticancer agent and its mechanism may be due to the induction of apoptosis [ 21 ].

2015 August 4, Jubie S., Dhanabal S. P., Chaitanya M. V. N. L., “Isolation of methyl gamma linolenate from spirulina platensis using flash chromatography and its apoptosis inducing effect”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A naturally-occurring flavanol


fasciclin

It is likely that C. lentis secretes the fasciclin homolog ClCE8 during conidium and appressorium adhesion on the plant surface, though it might also mediate down-stream infection related to fungal development.

2015 August 22, Vijai Bhadauria et al., “Candidate effectors contribute to race differentiation and virulence of the lentil anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lentis”, in BMC Genomics, volume 16, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of extracellular polypeptide domains concerned with cell adhesion


glycerophosphodiesterase

As a first application, we have simulated the diffuse scattering produced by alternative TLS refinements of the glycerophosphodiesterase GpdQ (Jackson et al., 2007 ▸ ).

2015 July 28, Andrew H. Van Benschoten et al., “Predicting X-ray diffuse scattering from translation–libration–screw structural ensembles”, in Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, volume 71, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme (such as a lecithinase) that catalyses the hydrolysis of a glycerophosphodiester


diphosphohydrolase

A recent study reported that the endoplasmic reticulum enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 stimulates ATP consumption and favors aerobic glycolysis, thereby promoting cancer cell survival [ 30 ].

2015 August 18, Somin Lee et al., “High Inorganic Phosphate Intake Promotes Tumorigenesis at Early Stages in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any phosphohydrolase that catalyses the removal of two phosphate groups (typically from a triphosphate)


pentapeptidase

VanY, a d -Ala- d -Ala-specific pentapeptidase, evolved into VanXY through acquisition of the “bisubstrate loop,” which added hydrolysis of d -Ala- d -Ala to that of a d -Ala- d -Ala-containing pentapeptide.

2015 August 11, Djalal Meziane-Cherif et al., “Structural and Functional Adaptation of Vancomycin Resistance VanT Serine Racemases”, in mBio, volume 6, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a pentapeptide


sulfamidase

Continuous secretion of hASA into the CSF of wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice was seen, and the levels were sustainable, similar to sustained secretion of sulfamidase in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA dogs 6 .

2015 August 18, Kohei Hironaka et al., “Enzyme replacement in the CSF to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy in mouse model using single intracerebroventricular injection of self-complementary AAV1 vector”, in Scientific Reports, volume 5, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the removal of sulfate groups from carbohydrates such as mucopolysaccharides


glycopyranose

(biochemistry) The pyranose form of a glycose


glycopyranosyl

Another synthetic lipid A derivative, glycopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) has been used in combination with squalene (SE, an oil-in-water emulsion), and shown to induce strong Th1-type responses, enhance antigen-specific responses and have a good safety profile [ 82 ].

2014 April 25, Deana N. Toussi, Paola Massari, “Immune Adjuvant Effect of Molecularly-defined Toll-Like Receptor Ligands”, in Vaccines, volume 2, →DOI:

(biochemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from a glycopyranose


trappin

This protein is encoded by a trappin gene family.

2015 March 25, Anna Skoczyńska et al., “New look at the role of progerin in skin aging”, in Przegla̜d Menopauzalny = Menopause Review, volume 14, →DOI:

(biochemistry, genetics) Any of a group of proteins having N-terminus linked to transglutaminase; the associated protein domain


RFX

regulatory factor X
regulatory factor X#English

(genetics, biochemistry) Abbreviation of regulatory factor X. (a gene and protein family)


disaggregase

Another small molecule, Hsp104,a protein disaggregase, can rapidly resolubilize denatured protein aggregates and restore function of proteins [ 94, 95 ].

2014 July 4, Zhe Long, Beisha Tang, Hong Jiang, “Alleviating neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of PolyQ diseases”, in Cerebellum & Ataxias, volume 1, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that breaks up protein aggregates


imipenemase

In addition to KPC, several other carbapenemases have been identified in the United States: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), oxacillinase (OXA), Verona integron–encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM), and imipenemase (IMP) ( 5, 6 ).

2015, Nora Chea et al., “Improved Phenotype-Based Definition for Identifying Carbapenemase Producers among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae”, in Emerging Infectious Diseases, volume 21, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of imipenem


senataxin

The apparent dominant inheritance pattern (pseudodominant) was the result of the unusual coincidence of both mother and daughter being compound heterozygotes for senataxin mutations.

2015 April 30, Laurence Newrick, Malcolm Taylor, Marios Hadjivassiliou, “Pseudodominant AOA2”, in Cerebellum & Ataxias, volume 2, →DOI:


oxidative phosphorylation

en-noun

oxidative phosphorylation (plural oxidative phosphorylations)

(biochemistry) aerobic phosphorylation of cellular nutrients to release energy and reform ATP


phosphorylceramide

phosphorylceramide (countable and uncountable, plural phosphorylceramides)

However, mutants csg2 Δ (Csg2 is required for mannosylation of inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC)), sur1 Δ (Sur1 encodes the Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) synthase catalytic subunit) and cka2 Δ (Cka2 is involved in phosphorylation of ceramide synthase), although also involved in the synthesis of complex sphingolipids, did show levels of GS activity similar to that of the wild-type strain (Fig. 6 ).

2015 September 5, Raúl García et al., “Genomic profiling of fungal cell wall-interfering compounds: identification of a common gene signature”, in BMC Genomics, volume 16, →DOI:


centrophilin

The target antigen is a 210-kDa centrophilin that is not only localized in the pericentrosomal region of mitotic cells but also present in interphase nuclear matrix ( 46 ).

2015 August 20, Edward K. L. Chan et al., “Report of the First International Consensus on Standardized Nomenclature of Antinuclear Antibody HEp-2 Cell Patterns 2014–2015”, in Frontiers in Immunology, volume 6, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A mitotic spindle protein involved in microtubule nucleation


chromomethylase

For the families DNMT2, DNMT3 and chromomethylase, these values are 65, 36–52%, and 53–60%, respectively, for both species.

2015 August 18, Clelia De-la-Peña et al., “The role of chromatin modifications in somatic embryogenesis in plants”, in Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 6, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the methylation of chromatin


haptoglobulin

However, the other markers of dehydration such as globulin and haptoglobulin were not in significantly higher quantities after the ride and remained stable.

2015 July 15, Margaux M. Luck et al., “Energetics of endurance exercise in young horses determined by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics”, in Frontiers in Physiology, volume 6, →DOI:


monoubiquitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses monoubiquitination


transsialidase

One of the earliest events of multiple modifications of LDL is a desialylation of lipoprotein glycoconjugates caused by the transsialidase circulating in the blood [ 15 ].

2015 June 9, Alexander N. Orekhov et al., “Development of Antiatherosclerotic Drugs on the basis of Natural Products Using Cell Model Approach”, in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any sialidase that operates between the surfaces of different cells


ULP

(biochemistry) Initialism of ubiquitin-like protein.


mannodisaccharide

(biochemistry) Any disaccharide that contains a mannose moiety


glycoprofile

Another factor diminishing this bias is the fragment presence threshold, which determines how populated a fragment should be within a taxon to be included in its glycoprofile and to produce a positive mark in the occurrence code.

2015 September 3, K.S. Egorova, A.N. Kondakova, Ph.V. Toukach, “Carbohydrate Structure Database: tools for statistical analysis of bacterial, plant and fungal glycomes”, in Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation, volume 2015, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A representation of the glycome of an organism


miniprotein

(biochemistry) A small protein (or a large polypeptide), especially one that folds into a structure similar to that of a normal protein


scaffoldwide

We focused on sites at which the black lemur PWM score was in the 10% tail scaffoldwide and was log(10) greater than the blue-eyed black lemur PWM score, and where the blue-eyed black lemur allele was inferred to be derived ( Appendix S18, Supporting information).

2015 August 24, Wynn K Meyer et al., “Evolutionary history inferred from the de novo assembly of a nonmodel organism, the blue-eyed black lemur”, in Molecular Ecology, volume 24, →DOI:


asialogalactose

The difference in relative ECL signals between S1Fc (72%) and S2Fc (5%) is because S1Fc contains one terminal asialogalactose to which the ECL-NA complex binds compared with the absence of free terminal asialogalactose in S2Fc ( Fig.

2015, Karunya Srinivasan et al., “A Quantitative Microtiter Assay for Sialylated Glycoform Analyses Using Lectin Complexes”, in Journal of Biomolecular Screening, volume 20, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A galactose moiety from which a sialic acid residue has been removed.


etiolin

etiolin (usually uncountable, plural etiolins)

The formation of a yellow pigment in small grains in the cells of plant structures grown in the dark has long been recognised. The pigment was known to be soluble in alcohol and was called "etiolin" by Pringsheim (1874) because it occurred in etiolated structures.

1924, Katherine Hope Coward, “The lipochromes of etiolated wheat seedlings”, in Biochemical Journal, volume 18.5, page 1123:

(biochemistry, now rare) A yellow pigment in plants grown without sufficient light; a precursor of chlorophyll.


ranaspumin

ranaspumin (countable and uncountable, plural ranaspumins)

(biochemistry) A surfactant protein found in the foam nests of tropical frogs.


autoligation

autoligation (countable and uncountable, plural autoligations)

(biochemistry) autocatalysis of the ligation of an enzyme


isovaline

(biochemistry) The rare amino acid 2-amino-2-methylbutanoic acid that was found in the Murchison meteorite


exoglucosidase

(biochemistry) Any glucosidase enzyme that hydrolyses a terminal glucosidic bond


homolanthionine

homolanthionine (countable and uncountable, plural homolanthionines)

(biochemistry) An amino acid consisting of two homoalanine residues connected by a single sulfur atom


endohydrolysis

(biochemistry) The hydrolysis of a bond in the middle (rather than at the ends) of a biopolymer


halogenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a halogenation reaction


aminocyclohexitol

(biochemistry) An amino derivative of a cyclohexitol


cyclohexitol

(biochemistry) Any cyclic sugar alcohol having six carbon atoms


ketosynthase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ketones, but especially that catalyzes the synthesis of polyketides


nonulosonic acid

nonulosonic acid (plural nonulosonic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of acidic ketose derivatives, such as sialic acid, that have nine carbon atoms in the backbone


postfolding

(biochemistry, geology) Following folding (of proteins or terrain)


GSL

GSL (countable and uncountable, plural GSLs)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Initialism of glucosinolate.

(biochemistry) Initialism of glycosphingolipid.


cyanosulfidic

(biochemistry) Relating to, or metabolizing cyanide and sulfide, especially as hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide


fluoroglucose

(biochemistry) Synonym of fluorodeoxyglucose


heparitin

(biochemistry) A heteropolysaccharide similar to heparin but with some sulfate groups replaced by acetate


glycomutant

(biochemistry) A glycosylated mutation of an enzyme


deoxyfucose

(biochemistry) Any deoxy sugar derived from fucose, but especially 4-deoxyfucose


oligoelectrolyte

(biochemistry) An oligomeric electrolyte


mannuronate

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of mannuronic acid


astexin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of heat-sensitive lasso peptides


arabinofuranosyladenine

arabinofuranosyladenine (countable and uncountable, plural arabinofuranosyladenines)

(biochemistry) Any arabinofuranosyl derivative of adenine


arabinofuranosyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) Any univalent radical derived from an arabinofuranose


furanosyl

(biochemistry) Any univalent radical derived from a furanose


lasso peptide

(biochemistry) Any of a large group of macrocyclic peptides whose structure resembles a knotted lasso


streptomonomicin

(biochemistry) A particular lasso peptide, found in a halophilic actinomycete, that has antibiotic activity


sialyllactose

sialyllactose (countable and uncountable, plural sialyllactoses)

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide of sialic acid and lactose


sialoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside of sialic acid


peptidogenomics

(biochemistry) The genomics of peptides and related biomolecules


glycogenin

(biochemistry) An enzyme that initiates the conversion of glucose to glycogen


bioelement

(biochemistry) Any chemical element that is found naturally in living organisms


(biochemistry) The α (alpha) component of various integrins, especially ones in which the β (beta) component is CD18 (i.e. β2) and which mediate leukocyte adhesion.


alphalytic

(biochemistry, of an enzyme) That hydrolyses a peptide at the alpha position


flavoglobin

(biochemistry) Any flavoprotein that is a globin


glycopolypeptide

(biochemistry) any compound of a carbohydrate and a polypeptide


flavohemoglobin

(biochemistry) A flavoprotein related to hemoglobin


MAG

myelin-associated glycoprotein
myelin-associated glycoprotein#English

(biochemistry) Acronym of myelin-associated glycoprotein.


cubilin

From CUB domain (protein domain) + -il- (probably arbitrary) + -in (“protein”).

af

(biochemistry) A protein that plays a role in vitamin B₁₂ absorption.


B cell coreceptor complex
B cell coreceptor complex

(biochemistry) B-cell and FDC membrane protein involved in the complement system and B cell coreceptor complex, and bound by EBV.


Fc receptor

from its binding specificity for the constant part of antibodies known as the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region.

(biochemistry) a protein found on the surface of certain immune and blood cells that binds to antibodies attached to infected cells or invading pathogens, enabling antibody-mediated phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)


pantetheinase

(biochemistry) Any pantetheine hydrolase


hemophore

(biochemistry) Any material that transports heme across a cell membrane


bioprecursor

(biochemistry) The precursor of a biochemical compound, especially when the basis of a prodrug


chaperome

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chaperome.wav

From chaperone + -ome (suffix indicating the complete whole of a class of substances for a species or an individual), coined by American biochemist Xiaodong Wang and his collaborators in a November 2006 article in Cell: see the quotation.

suffix

The availability of chaperones and cochaperones for folding of cargo will be sensitive to the globalcellular pool that we now define as the chaperome, a general term to define the unique steady-state composition of chaperones and their regulators in a given cell type. It is well established that the chaperome can be altered by multiple signaling pathways to accommodate cellular stress and misfolding load.

2006 November 17, Xiaodong Wang et al., “Hsp90 Cochaperone Aha1 Downregulation Rescues Misfolding of CFTR in Cystic Fibrosis”, in Cell, volume 127, number 4, Cambridge, Mass.: Cell Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-29, page 813, column 1:

To date data exist to describe the organ-specific distribution and function of many chaperones, but less is known about their cell-type specificity and how this changes in response to different stressors. A systems view on the entire "chaperome" would be essential to understand chaperone function under basal and stress conditions.

2011, Andreas Wyttenbach, Shmma Quraishe, Joanne Bailey, Vincent O’Connor, “Molecular Chaperones in the Mammalian Brain: Regional Distribution, Cellular Compartmentalization and Synaptic Interactions”, in Andreas Wyttenbach, Vincent O’Connor, editors, Folding for the Synapse, New York, N.Y., Dordrecht: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, part III (Chaperone Modalities and Homeostatic Mechanisms in the Synaptic Compartment), page 124:

The nature of the epichaperome, therefore, which presents as stable, multi-partner complexes affected by strong interactions as opposed to other cellular forms of chaperomes present in dynamic complexes of weak interactions, provide opportunities for its detection through small molecules [...].

2020, Swathi Merugu et al., “Chemical Probes and Methods for Single-cell Detection and Quantification of Epichaperones in Hematologic Malignancies”, in David M. Chenoweth, editor, Chemical Tools for Imaging, Manipulating, and Tracking Biological Systems: Diverse Methods for Optical Imaging and Conjugation (Methods in Enzymology; 639), Cambridge, Mass., San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 2.4 (Epichaperome Probes), page 294:

In another study, Brehme et al. have examined the chaperome in C. elegans and human. They find that chaperome expression is dramatically affected in human brain aging. At the same time, chaperome dynamics are associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

2020, Kun Wang, Yu Shang, Fei Dou, “Brain Aging: Hsp90 and Neurodegenerative Diseases”, in Zhao Wang, editor, Aging and Aging-related Diseases: Mechanisms and Interventions (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; 1086), Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 96:

Redundancy in the chaperome networks is evidenced in a number of large-scale investigations where individual chaperomes were either genetically deleted or pharmacologically inhibited.

2020, Pengrong Yan, Tai Wang, Monica L. Guzman, Radu I. Peter, Gabriela Chiosis, “Chaperome Networks – Redundancy and Implications for Cancer Treatment”, in Marc Laurence Mendillo, David Pincus, Ruth Scherz-Shouval, editors, HSF1 and Molecular Chaperones in Biology and Cancer (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; 1243), Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Function), section 6.3 (Chaperome Network Redundancy), page 90, column 2:

(biochemistry) All the proteins called chaperones that assist in the folding of misfolded proteins in an organism, and other functions.


rhamnosylglucoside

(biochemistry) Any glucoside that also contains rhamnosyl residues


rhamnosylglycoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside that contains rhamnosyl residues


argifin

(biochemistry) A cyclopentapeptide, produced by species of genus Gliocephalis (syn. Gliocladium), that inhibits chitinases.


desosamine

(biochemistry) The amino sugar 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-D-xylo-hexose that is a component of some macrolide antibiotics


edeine

(biochemistry) A polypeptide antibiotic, produced by Brevibacillus brevis (syn. Bacillus brevis), that inhibits initiation of polyphenylalanine


holocarboxylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses multiple carboxylation or decarboxylation reactions, especially those involving biotin


neocasomorphin

(biochemistry) A newly-discovered form of the peptide casomorphin


bisintercalator

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any compound that binds to DNA via two intercalating groups.


HTP

en-noun

HTP (countable and uncountable, plural HTPs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of hydroxytryptophan.


homopeptide

(biochemistry) A peptide containing multiple occurrences of a single amino acid moiety


amyloid-beta

(biochemistry) Alternative form of amyloid beta


amyloid beta

(biochemistry) The class of peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease as the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients.


psicopyranose

(biochemistry) The pyranose form of psicose


lysosomotropism

Lysosomotropism refers to the propensity of any molecule to specifically and significantly associate with lysosomes; however, it is important to note that this term does not imply a mechanism for the observed compartmentalization.

2009 November 14, Stephen DB Goldman, “Mechanisms of amine accumulation in, and egress from, lysosomes”, in Bioanalysis, volume 1, number 1, page 1445:

(biochemistry) The propensity of any molecule to specifically and significantly associate with lysosomes.


chalonic

(biochemistry) Relating to the chalones.


poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation

poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (usually uncountable, plural poly(ADP-ribosyl)ations)

polyation (canonical)
poly(ADP-ribosyl)ations (plural)

(biochemistry, genetics) The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose molecules to a target protein


ADP-ribose

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

(biochemistry) A phosphate ester of ribose and adenosine diphosphate


RNA polymerase

(genetics, biochemistry) An enzyme that is involved in the transcription of RNA.

RNA-polymeraasi

enzyme involved in the transcription of RNA


epoxycarotenoid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any epoxy derivative of a carotenoid, especially one involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid


arabino

(biochemistry) A univalent radical derived from arabinose


anhydroglucose

(biochemistry) The moiety, in a polysaccharide such as cellulose, consisting of a glucose molecule that has lost the elements of water (actually a -H and an -OH group)


bienzymatic

(biochemistry) Relating to, or using, two enzymes


cyclogenase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases


fluorodisaccharide

(biochemistry) Any fluoro derivative of a disaccharide


Taq polymerase

From the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus.

Another use of Taq polymerase is directly in DNA sequencing, where the high temperatures employed help reduce problems caused by secondary structure in the template and allow an increase in the stringency of primers used. Taq polymerase has, for the reasons mentioned earlier, become a very important tool for the molecular biologist.

2009, A.N. Shukla, Industrial Enzymology, →ISBN, page 237:

Taq polymerase lacks a proofreading activity and as a result is unable to correct its errors.

2010, Terry Brown, Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction, →ISBN, page 157:

If a PCR is performed with Taq polymerase and with 10,000 template molecules, producing a product that is 1000 bp long, 1% of the newly generated fragments will have a mutation in the first cycle.

2010, Cornel Mulhardt, Molecular Biology and Genomics, →ISBN, page 73:

(biochemistry) A thermostable DNA polymerase known for its relatively high rate of transcription errors.


Bruton's tyrosine kinase

(biochemistry) A tyrosine-protein kinase that has a role in the development of B cells

Ogden Bruton
en:Bruton's tyrosine kinase


rosetted

a rosetted cell


cortexillin

cortexillin (countable and uncountable, plural cortexillins)

Here, we examined the arrangement and orientation of two rod-like coiled-coil proteins, cortexillin and tropomyosin, around patterned gold nanostructures.

2015, Jae-Byum Chang, Yong Ho Kim, Evan Thompson, Young Hyun No, Nam Hyeong Kim, Jose Arrieta, Vitor R. Manfrinato, Amy E. Keating, Karl K. Berggren, “Single-molecule study on the orientation of coiled-coil proteins attached to gold nanostructures”, in arXiv:

(biochemistry) A coiled-coil protein found in Dictyostelium cells


PUP

(biochemistry) Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein


multicorn

The tricorn protease was first identified in thermophilic bacteria, but a related larger protease called multicorn exists in mammalian cells including hepatocytes (49).

2001, Irwin M. Arias, James L. Boyer, The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, page 221:

Candidates for these downstream proteases are THIMET, tricorn, multicorn, TPPII, and leucine aminopeptidase.

2012, Peter Zwickl, Wolfgang Baumeister, The Proteasome — Ubiquitin Protein Degradation Pathway, →ISBN, page 48:

Seven intracellular proteolytic enzymes in this yeast have been described: one aminopeptidase yspI, two endoproteinases named yspA and yspB, one dipeptidyl aminopeptidase yspI, one carboxypeptidase yspI, and two cytosolic proteolytic complexes, the multicorn peptidase and the 26S proteasome.

2012, Alan J. Barrett, Neil D. Rawlings, J. Fred Woessner, Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes, →ISBN, page 1476:


beta globin

(biochemistry) One of the two globin subunits in the most common form of haemoglobin in humans.


hydroxyprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein containing significant amounts of the hydroxyamino acids serine, threonine and/or tyrosine


hydroxyproteome

(biochemistry) The set of hydroxyproteins related to a particular genome


arginyl aminopeptidase

(biochemistry) The enzyme aminopeptidase B, which catalyses the release of N-terminal Arg and Lys from oligopeptides when P1' is not Pro.


adenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme found especially in animal tissue (as liver) that hydrolyzes adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia.


bispecificity

(usually biochemistry) Specificity for two given conditions.


anabolize

en-verb

anabolize (third-person singular simple present anabolizes, present participle anabolizing, simple past and past participle anabolized)

anabolizes (present singular third-person)
anabolizing (participle present)
anabolized (participle past)
anabolized (past)

(biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo anabolism


VLDL

very low-density lipoprotein
w:very low-density lipoprotein

(biochemistry) Initialism of very low-density lipoprotein.


ULDL

(biochemistry) Initialism of ultra low-density lipoprotein.


MTOC

microtubule-organizing center
w:microtubule-organizing center

(biochemistry) Initialism of microtubule-organizing center.


mutatively

en-adv

mutatively (comparative more mutatively, superlative most mutatively)

more mutatively (comparative)
most mutatively (superlative)

(genetics, biochemistry) Through a mutation or a series of mutations.


SNA

spherical nucleic acid
spherical nucleic acid#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of spherical nucleic acid.


crRNA

(biochemistry) Initialism of CRISPR RNA.


tracrRNA

en-noun

tracrRNA (countable and uncountable, plural tracrRNAs)

Trans-activating crRNA
w:Trans-activating crRNA

(biochemistry) Initialism of Trans-activating crRNA.


CTCF

transcription factor
transcription factor

(genetics, biochemistry) A transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene.


synaptic cleft

(biochemistry) A small space, adjacent to a neuron, that receives neurotransmitter molecules from another neuron.


transmethylase

Although the dimethylthetin transmethylase can be prepared free from the betaine transmethylase by further alcohol fractionation, all active betaine transmethylase preparations have had dimethylthetin transmethylase activity.

1948, JW Dubnoff, H Borsook, “Dimethylthetin and dimethyl-β-propriothetin in methionine synthesis”, in Journal of Biological Chemistry:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses transmethylation.


ANP

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (55) and insulin-like growth factor (56) have demonstrated no improvement in renal failure rates.

2011, Pauline K. Park, “Assessment of Noncardiac Perioperative Risk”, in Michael W. Mulholland, Gerard M. Doherty, editors, Complications in Surgery, 2nd edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 85:

atrial natriuretic peptide
atrial natriuretic peptide#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of atrial natriuretic peptide.


xylogalactan

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide composed of xylose and galactose residues.


fructotransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that produce difructose anhydrides from fructans.


glucotransferase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that liberates glucose from amylose.


lamellipodin

(biochemistry) A protein that promotes the formation of lamellipodia


mannanoligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide derived from mannan


NADS

(biochemistry) Initialism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase.


alcoholase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that converts glucose or lactic acid to alcohol


butyrine

(biochemistry) The alpha-amino acid derived from butyric acid


camphorin

(biochemistry) A ribosome-inactivating protein found in camphor seeds


cartilagein

(biochemistry) A protein found in cartilage


nitratation

nitratation (countable and uncountable, plural nitratations)

nitrite oxidoreductase
nitrite oxidoreductase

(biochemistry) The conversion of nitrite into nitrate, typically be means of the enzyme nitrite oxidoreductase


BDNF

brain-derived neurotrophic factor
w:brain-derived neurotrophic factor

(biochemistry) Initialism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.


methylmannoside

(biochemistry) Any methyl glycoside / ether of mannose


cornein

(biochemistry) A protein-like material found in corals


pejvakin

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates the function of hair cells


trephone

(biochemistry) Any hormone that stimulates growth and division of cultured cells


thyrodoxin

(biochemistry) A selenium-dependent peroxidase present in the thyroid


malectin

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(biochemistry) A membrane-anchored protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that recognises and binds glycans


phosvette

(biochemistry) Any of a class of polypeptides related to the phosvitins


ovovitellin

ovovitellin (countable and uncountable, plural ovovitellins)

(biochemistry) A form of casein found in egg yolk


calfluxin

calfluxin (countable and uncountable, plural calfluxins)

(biochemistry) A gonadotropic neuropeptide that is involved in calcium influx in some snails


phenol oxidase

(biochemistry) Alternative form of phenoloxidase


cyclohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that also catalyses a cyclization


MMP

MMP (countable and uncountable, plural MMPs)

Proteinases such as the plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are believed to play a role in these developmental changes.

2005, G. S. Gupta, Proteomics of Spermatogenesis, →ISBN, page 655:

A typical MMP consists of a propeptide of about 80 amino acids, a catalytic metalloproteinase domain of about 170 amino acids, a linker peptide of variable length (also called the hinge region), and a hemopexin (Hpx)-like domain of about 200 amino acids.

2007, Paolo Gresele, Valentin Fuster, Jose A. Lopez, Platelets in Hematologic and Cardiovascular Disorders, →ISBN:

In general, MMP expression can be downregulated through a TGF-β-inhibitory element (TIE), which is present in the promoters of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13.

2008, Sonia B. Jakowlew, Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Cancer Therapy, Volume I, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) Initialism of matrix metalloproteinase.


malonylesterase

(biochemistry) Any esterase that catalyses the hydrolysis of malonates


hexaose

(biochemistry) Alternative form of hexose


heptaose

(biochemistry) Alternative form of heptose


pentaose

(biochemistry) Alternative form of pentose


keratinolytic

(biochemistry) Relating to keratinolysis


keratinolytic

Treatment with emollients and mild keratinolytics, such as urea cream and lactic acid lotion resulted in the soothing of the affected skin.

2016, Pollozhani Nora et al., “Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis: clue for diagnosis”, in Global Dermatology, volume 4, number 1, →DOI, page 1:


antialexin

(biochemistry) Any material that counteracts the action of an alexin


acylamidase

acylamidase (countable and uncountable, plural acylamidases)


adenosinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of adenosine


adrenolytic

(biochemistry) That inhibits the production or function of adrenaline


aleuronate

(biochemistry) A protein found in the endosperm of cereal grain; a flour composed of this protein, and very little starch, used to make food for diabetics


alkyldihydroxyacetone

alkyldihydroxyacetone (countable and uncountable, plural alkyldihydroxyacetones)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any alkyl derivative of dihydroxyacetone, especially one that is part of the biosynthesis of plasmalogens


amidinohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of an amidine


amylodextrin

(biochemistry) A high molecular weight form of dextrin


anchorin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of collagen-binding proteins related to annexin


anhydroleucovorin

(biochemistry) An intermediate, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, in the interconversion of glycine and serine that is catalysed by folic acid


arabinonucleoside

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside in which the sugar is arabinose


arabinonucleotide

(biochemistry) Any nucleotide in which the sugar is arabinose


arabinofuranosyluracil

(biochemistry) A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of cytarabine


arabinopyranosyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from an arabinopyranose


arabinosyladenine

(biochemistry) A nucleoside that is an arabinosyl derivative of adenine


SRH

somatotropin-releasing hormone
somatotropin-releasing hormone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of somatotropin-releasing hormone.


GHRH

(biochemistry) Initialism of growth hormone-releasing hormone.


TRH

thyrotropin-releasing hormone
thyrotropin-releasing hormone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.


aurovertin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that inhibits respiration


avenacinase

(biochemistry) A saponin-detoxifying enzyme present in fungi of the genus Gaeumannomyces


proteide

Generally speaking it is found that the most carefully purified enzyme preparations give the reactions of proteins, and for a long time the view was prevalent that enzymes belonged to the class of nucleo-proteides (p. 421). It is certain, however, that many enzymes are known which are not nucleo-proteides, and some, such as the vegetable oxidases, seem to contain scarcely any nitrogen.

1909, Julius Berend Cohen, Organic chemistry for advanced students, page 342:

Nitrogen can be a component of proteins, proteides and non-protein nitrogen. Protein consists of only polypeptides while proteides are composed of at least one protein and another compound which is a non-protein, e.g. phospho-proteides = protein + phosphoric acid.

2012, J.W. Hertrampf, Handbook on Ingredients for Aquaculture Feeds, page 10:

They are polypeptide, protein, or proteide-type compounds, containing only common amino acids, or in the proteide type such additional constituents as are otherwise present in natural proteins. The term “proteide” refers to the substances which contain (covalently or in any other way linked) other constituents such as lipoids, sugars, nucleic acid-type compounds, chromophores, etc.

1980, János Bérdy, Peptolide and Macromolecular Antibiotics, page 205:

(biochemistry) A compound consisting of a protein bound to another non-protein molecule.


azoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein, coupled with another material via a diazo linkage, that is used in immunochemical procedures


keratan sulfate

keratan sulfate (countable and uncountable, plural keratan sulfates)

(biochemistry) Any of several sulfated glycosaminoglycans that have been found especially in the cornea, cartilage, and bone, and act to absorb mechanical shock in joints.


benzoylarginine

(biochemistry) Any benzoyl derivative of arginine


butyrocholinesterase

(biochemistry) Synonym of pseudocholinesterase


calelectrin

(biochemistry) Any of a certain group of calcium-dependent annexin proteins


fodrin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of spectrins that bind actin


calpactin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of calponins that bind actin


calcyclin

(biochemistry) A certain calcium-binding protein


carbamoylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the conversion of an N-carbamoyl-amino acid into ammonia, carbon dioxide and the free amino acid


carotenoprotein

(biochemistry) A complex of a carotenoid and a protein


carotenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts carotene into vitamin A


cellobiosidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that releases cellobiose from one end of the cellulose molecule by hydrolysis


centractin

(biochemistry) A central subunit of dynactin


cerebrocuprein

(biochemistry) Synonym of erythrocuprein


curacin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of peptide synthases found in some cyanobacteria


chitobiosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a chitobioside


chlorohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the replacement of chloride groups by hydroxy groups


PETN reductase

(biochemistry) A denitration enzyme which can break down penthrite (PETN) and nitroglycerine (GTN) by removing nitrite.


cholecystokinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of cholecystokinin


choleragen

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae#Translingual

(biochemistry) An endotoxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae


cholinoreactive

en-adj

cholinoreactive (comparative more cholinoreactive, superlative most cholinoreactive)

more cholinoreactive (comparative)
most cholinoreactive (superlative)

(biochemistry) That responds to acetylcholine or related compounds


cholesterologenesis

(biochemistry) Alternative form of cholesterogenesis


cholinoceptive

(biochemistry, of a site on an effector organ) That is acted upon by cholinergic transmitters


chondrosin

(biochemistry) A disaccharide, composed of glucuronic acid and galactosamine, present in the chondroitins


chondrocalcin

en-noun

chondrocalcin (countable and uncountable, plural chondrocalcins)

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein involved in the mineralization of bone


chondroprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein found in cartilage


choriomammotropin

(biochemistry) The hormone "human placental lactogen"


chromogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of pigments


cinerulose

(biochemistry) The deoxysugar (2S,5R,6S)-5,6-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-one produced by some forms of Streptomyces


formiminoglutamic acid

(biochemistry) An intermediate in the metabolism of histidine. (See biomarker applications at formiminoglutamate.)

formiminoglutamate

coordinate as a base versus an acid, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


clupeine

(biochemistry) A protamine found in salmon sperm


cobinic acid

(biochemistry) A corrinoid containing six carboxylic acid groups


codecarboxylase

(biochemistry) Any active site on a decarboxylase which catalyzes the decarboxylation of D-amino acids


adenosylmethioninase

(biochemistry) The enzyme adenosylmethionine cyclotransferase.


coglucosidase

(biochemistry) A coenzyme that activates a glucosidase


collagenation

(biochemistry) The formation of collagen in tissue


vasopressinase

(biochemistry) An aminopeptidase enzyme that cleaves vasopressin, oxytocin, and other peptide hormones.


venombin

venombin (countable and uncountable, plural venombins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of thrombin-like enzymes from snake venom.


crotalase

(biochemistry) A snake venom enzyme that clots fibrinogen.


wolframin

(biochemistry) A particular transmembrane protein.


tafazzin

Named after the masochistic comic character Tafazzi, in reference to the complex procedure required to identify the protein, + -in.

(biochemistry) A protein involved in the metabolism of cardiolipin.


crotalin

(biochemistry) A protein in rattlesnake venom


cryoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that is less soluble in a cold solvent


cyclodeaminase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a cyclodeamination reaction


cyclolysin

(biochemistry) A haemolysin found in the bacterium Bordetella pertussis


cyclotransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase whose action results in cyclization


cytolipin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of glycosphingolipids that sometimes show immunological properties


dealkylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a dealkylation reaction


dehydroxylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a dehydroxylation reaction


dematin

(biochemistry) An actin microfilament bundling protein that is associated with erythrocyte membranes


dehydrotestosterone

(biochemistry) Any of several isomeric steroids related to testosterone.


deoxyriboaldolase

(biochemistry) Any aldolase that hydrolyses a deoxyribose phosphate


deoxynucleotidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a deoxynucleotide


deoxyadenosylcobalamin

deoxyadenosylcobalamin (countable and uncountable, plural deoxyadenosylcobalamins)

methylmalonic acidemia
methylmalonic acidemia

(biochemistry) A coenzyme form of vitamin B12, a deficiency of which leads to methylmalonic acidemia.


desmocalmin

(biochemistry) A protein, found in bovine desmosomes, that binds calmodulin


queuosine

(biochemistry) A modified nucleoside present in certain tRNAs in bacteria and eukaryotes.


dextrase

(biochemistry) Any of the enzymes that catalyse the conversion of dextrose into lactic acid


TSLP

thymic stromal lymphopoietin
w:thymic stromal lymphopoietin

(biochemistry, immunology) Initialism of thymic stromal lymphopoietin.


diesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a diester; but especially a phosphodiesterase


dihexose

(biochemistry) Any disaccharide whose constituent sugars are both hexoses


dorsalin

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates cell differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube


dornase

(obsolete, biochemistry) Synonym of deoxyribonuclease


ductin

(biochemistry) A multifunctional membrane protein


duodenase

(biochemistry) A serine endopeptidase found in the mucosa of the bovine duodenum.


elastomucoproteinase

(biochemistry) A form of elastase that has both proteolytic and mucolytic activity


MBL

mannose-binding lectin
mannose-binding lectin#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of mannose-binding lectin.


FMN

flavin mononucleotide
flavin mononucleotide#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of flavin mononucleotide.


FAD

flavin adenine dinucleotide
flavin adenine dinucleotide#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of flavin adenine dinucleotide.


endoamylase

(biochemistry) Any amylase that works on nonterminal glycoside linkage.


chemotaxin

(biochemistry) Any substance that stimulates chemotaxis


epiglycanin

(biochemistry) A mucin-type glycoprotein on the surface of a carcinoma cell


GHIH

(biochemistry) Initialism of growth hormone-inhibiting hormone.


esteropeptidase

(biochemistry, in combination) A peptidase that cleaves a polypeptide at a specific peptide ester linkage


exoamylase

exoamylase (countable and uncountable, plural exoamylases)

(biochemistry) An amylase that hydrolyses glycosidic bonds near an end of the polysaccharide


oxyhemocyanin

(biochemistry) The blue pigment that is an oxygenated form of hemocyanin


megasynthetase

(biochemistry) Any large, complex synthetase


galactosaminoglycan

(biochemistry) Any glycosaminoglycan derived from galactosamine


galacturonosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a galacturonide


holocellulase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses and breaks down holocellulose


endopolyphosphatase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a polyphosphate to an oligophosphate


holocellulose

holocellulose (countable and uncountable, plural holocelluloses)

(biochemistry) The mixture of cellulose and hemicellulose in the cell walls of plants


transformylase

(biochemistry) Synonym of formyltransferase


gellan

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide gum produced by the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea


cholesterogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of cholesterol


ferricatalase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme (such as catalase itself) that contains at least one reactive iron atom


oncomodulin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding parvalbumin found in macrophages


polyadenylribosylpolymerase

From poly- + adenyl + ribosyl + polymerase.


reprolysin

(biochemistry) A group of metalloproteases, that contains zinc, found in some snake venom


sulfhydrylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a reaction with hydrogen sulfide to form a sulfhydryl group


telluroprotein

(biochemistry) Any (typically semisynthetic) protein that contains tellurium in place of one or more sulfur atoms


dopaminomimetic

(biochemistry) That mimics the action of dopamine


pseudouridylation

(biochemistry) The addition of one or more pseudouridine moieties


sapeptide

(biochemistry) A self-assembling peptide


amylosucrase

amylosucrase (countable and uncountable, plural amylosucrases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of sucrose, the released glucose moiety being added to a glycan


glucanotransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyses the transfer of (part of) a glucan


penetratin

(biochemistry) A peptide, derived from a protein, that can penetrate a cell wall


patatin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of glycoproteins found in potatoes


siglec

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cell surface proteins that bind sialic acid


transdimerization

(biochemistry) transcellular dimerization (of proteins)


cardiotin

(biochemistry) A protein complex located in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes and in skeletal muscle


prolylalanine

(biochemistry) The dipeptide 2-(pyrrolidine-2-carbonylamino)propanoic acid formed by incomplete protein metabolism


corecruit

en-verb

corecruit (third-person singular simple present corecruits, present participle corecruiting, simple past and past participle corecruited)

corecruits (present singular third-person)
corecruiting (participle present)
corecruited (participle past)
corecruited (past)

(biochemistry) To recruit two or more proteins at the same time


camstatin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of oligopeptides that are calmodulin antagonists


depotentiate

depotentiate (third-person singular simple present depotentiates, present participle depotentiating, simple past and past participle depotentiated)

depotentiates (present singular third-person)
depotentiating (participle present)
depotentiated (participle past)
depotentiated (past)

(biochemistry) To reduce the effect of a substance.


neogenin

(biochemistry) A particular multifunctional transmembrane receptor


pancrease

(biochemistry) Any of several digestive enzymes found in the pancreas.


nonlipoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that is not a lipoprotein


proapolipoprotein

(biochemistry) A metabolic precursor of apolipoproteins


progelatinase

(biochemistry) A precursor of gelatinases


surfome

(biochemistry) All the surface proteins of an organism


afadin

(biochemistry) An actin filament-binding protein that binds to nectin


coagulogen

en-noun

coagulogen (countable and uncountable, plural coagulogens)

(biochemistry) A soluble protein that is converted to the insoluble coagulin by the clotting system of the horseshoe crab.


homomethionine

homomethionine (countable and uncountable, plural homomethionines)

(biochemistry) The amino acid 3-amino-5-(methylthio)pentanoic acid (or an isomer)


deoxyribozyme

(biochemistry) Any catalytic form of DNA, most of which act as enzymes that cleave RNA


rubrerythrin

rubrerythrin (countable and uncountable, plural rubrerythrins)

(biochemistry) A non-haem iron protein involved in oxidative stress tolerance in anaerobic bacteria


tetracysteine

(biochemistry) A protein motif, that contains four cysteine residues, that binds biarsenicals


flocculin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cell surface adhesins


glycogroup

(biochemistry) The sugar part of a glycoprotein


glycomaturation

(biochemistry) The glycosylation of a glycoprotein precursor to produce the active compound


corazonin

corazonin (countable and uncountable, plural corazonins)

From Spanish corazón (“heart”), because of its ability to accelerate the heartbeat in Periplaneta americana.

(biochemistry) A neuropeptide present in many insects


viperin

viperin (countable and uncountable, plural viperins)

(biochemistry) A protein that inhibits viruses


myomodulin

(biochemistry) A neuropeptide myomodulator


periviscerokinin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of neuropeptides present in some insects


trans-Golgi network

trans-Golgi network (plural trans-Golgi networks)

(biochemistry) A complex network of membranes and associated vesicles within the Golgi apparatus, where departing proteins are assigned a destination according to their signal sequence.


basonuclin

(biochemistry) A zinc finger protein present in skin and hair


gankyrin

(biochemistry) An oncoprotein, having multiple ankyrin repeats, that forms part of a proteasome


chemoguidance

(biochemistry) The control mechanism of chemotaxis


leucylation

(biochemistry) The addition of a terminal leucine to a polypeptide or protein.


lipophorin

lipophorin (countable and uncountable, plural lipophorins)

(biochemistry) A lipoprotein that transports diacylglycerol


lipoproteinase

From lipo- + proteinase or lipoprotein + -ase.

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a lipoprotein to form a lipid and a protein


phosphosubstrate

(biochemistry) Any (immunological) substrate containing phosphate


polyglucosan

(biochemistry) A polymeric form of glucosan


polyphosphatase

From poly- + phosphatase or polyphosphate + -ase.

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses polyphosphates


kaposin

kaposin (countable and uncountable, plural kaposins)

(biochemistry) A protein, associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, that enhances the release of pathogenetically important proinflammatory cytokines.


oligoribonuclease

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses oligoribonucleotides


cornulin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein present in the upper layer of squamous epithelia


dorfin

(biochemistry) A particular ubiquitin ligase


GFAP

glial fibrillary acidic protein
glial fibrillary acidic protein#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of glial fibrillary acidic protein.


glial fibrillary acidic protein

glial fibrillary acidic protein (plural glial fibrillary acidic proteins)

glial fibrillary acidic proteins (plural)

intermediate filament
intermediate filament

central nervous system
central nervous system

(biochemistry) An intermediate filament protein expressed by numerous cell types of the central nervous system.


phosphatonin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that control phosphate homeostasis


axotropin

(biochemistry) A ubiquitin ligase associated with gene expression


downexpression

downexpression (usually uncountable, plural downexpressions)

(genetics, biochemistry) The lower than normal expression of a protein.


oligophrenin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that modulate cytoskeletal changes


tetraglycine

(biochemistry) The oligopeptide composed of four glycine monomers


carboligase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses a carboligation (decarboxylation and ligation) reaction


crossregulation

(biochemistry) The regulation of one metabolic pathway by the enzymes in another


glycerophosphotransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a glycerophosphate group


hydroperoxidase

(biochemistry) Any oxidoreductase that employs hydrogen peroxide

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that reduces a peroxide to an alcohol


lipoyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase that transfers lipoic acid to proteins


nocturnin

(biochemistry) A protein (a deadenylase) which plays an important role in posttranscriptional regulation of metabolic genes under circadian control


quinohemoprotein

(biochemistry) A quinoprotein form of a hemoprotein


staphopain

(biochemistry) Any of a family of endopeptidases present in Staphylococcus


thermonuclease

(biochemistry) Any thermostable nuclease


arabinosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a arabinoside


deoxygalactose

deoxygalactose (countable and uncountable, plural deoxygalactoses)

(biochemistry) A deoxysugar derived from galactose


falcipain

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteases found in papaya


glutenase

(biochemistry) Any protease that hydrolyses gluten


nrDNA

nrDNA (countable and uncountable, plural nrDNAs)


tamalin

(biochemistry) A scaffold protein that interacts with neuroproteins


amiRNA

amiRNA (countable and uncountable, plural amiRNAs)


pericam

pericam (countable and uncountable, plural pericams)

(biochemistry) A fluorescent chimeric protein composed of a circularly permuted green fluorescent protein fused to calmodulin


phosphorylational

(biochemistry) Relating to phosphorylation


propilin

(biochemistry) A polypeptide that is a precursor of pilin


phosphomapping

(biochemistry) The mapping and analysis of phosphorylation sites


restrictase

(biochemistry) Any endonuclease that cleaves DNA at restriction sites


receptome

(biochemistry) The complete set of receptors found in an organism


azocaseinolytic

(biochemistry) That breaks down azocasein


autoprotease

(biochemistry) A protease that hydrolyses peptide bonds within its own molecule, typically releasing a specific amino acid sequence


chondroadherin

chondroadherin (countable and uncountable, plural chondroadherins)

(biochemistry) A cartilage matrix protein that mediates adhesion of chondrocytes


cyanoglobin

(biochemistry) A hemoprotein, similar to myoglobin, found in certain cyanobacteria


denitroxylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the removal of nitric oxide moieties


dihydratase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses two hydrolysis reactions


desulfoferrodoxin

(biochemistry) A protein, that contains both ferric and ferrous atoms, found in bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio.


epimorphin

(biochemistry) A mesenchymal protein essential for epithelial morphogenesis


diproline

diproline (countable and uncountable, plural diprolines)

(biochemistry) Two proline units in a peptide


foldon

(biochemistry) A part of a protein that folds and unfolds as a unit.


holotransferrin

(biochemistry) A beta globulin that plays a role in the transport of iron


nodosome

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that regulate the control of bacterial infections and inflammation


biotinable

(biochemistry) Able to undergo biotinylation


autophagin

(biochemistry) A cysteine protease associated with autophagy


chromokinesin

chromokinesin (countable and uncountable, plural chromokinesins)

(biochemistry) A nuclear protein, related to kinesin, that binds DNA


hepsin

(biochemistry) A membrane-associated serine peptidase that plays a role in cell growth


isochorismatase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of isochorismate


molypterin

(biochemistry) A molybdenum-containing cofactor for the enzyme nitrate reductase


odorranalectin

(biochemistry) A small peptide lectin with the potential for drug delivery in cubosomes


oryzenin

(biochemistry) A glutelin that is the main protein in rice


resourceome

(biochemistry) All the biochemical resources available to a researcher


superfolded

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superfolded.wav


superfolding

superfolding (countable and uncountable, plural superfoldings)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superfolding.wav

(biochemistry) The generation of superfolds


secalin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of prolamin glycoproteins present in rye


underacetylation

(biochemistry) Insufficient acetylation (typically of histones)


calystenin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of postsynaptic neuronal-membrane proteins


adenosylhomocysteinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that hydrolyses adenosylhomocysteine to homocysteine and adenosine


plasmoredoxin

(biochemistry) A redox protein associated with malarial parasites


mesotocin

In mammals, vasopressin and oxytocin play important roles in social behaviors, and reptiles have structurally similar hormones called vasotocin and mesotocin. […] Dr. Campos’s research indicates that vasotocin may alter chemical communication between green anole lizards, and other researchers found that mesotocin may be related to courtship behaviors in brown anoles.

2022 October 24, Hannah Thomasy, “They May Have Love on Their Lizard Brains”, in The New York Times:

(biochemistry) A neurohormone found in nonmammalian vertebrates with properties similar to oxytocin.


onconase

(biochemistry) An antitumor ribonuclease proposed for use in chemotherapy


papainase

(biochemistry) An endopeptidase present in papaya


residualizing

(biochemistry) Of a label/tag or a radionuclide that ramains within a biological component (e.g. a cell) for a long duration (days) after internalisation


nyctalopin

(biochemistry) A proteoglycan, mutations of which are associated with nyctalopia


ubiquilin

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates protein degradation


MARCKS

(biochemistry) Acronym of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate.


actinome

actinome (countable and uncountable, plural actinomes)

(biochemistry) All the actins of an organism


bioluminometry

(biochemistry) The luminometric determination of ATP as a means of assaying active cells


lhRNA

lhRNA (countable and uncountable, plural lhRNAs)


heteroactivation

(biochemistry) activation of a drug or hormone by a different class of substance


octasaccharide

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide that has eight sugar units


tryptan

(biochemistry) Synonym of tryptophan (as a commercial product)


tomosyn

tomosyn (countable and uncountable, plural tomosyns)

(biochemistry) A protein that binds to syntaxin


vRNA

The promoter for the synthesis of mRNA molecules is located in a partially double-stranded RNA structure formed by the 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences of genomic vRNA segments.

2000, A. Mikulásová, E. Varecková, E. Fodor, “Transcription and replication of the influenza a virus genome”, in Acta virologica:

(biochemistry, virology) Initialism of viral RNA.


chaperonic

(biochemistry) Relating to a chaperone (protein)


bombyxin

bombyxin (countable and uncountable, plural bombyxins)

(biochemistry) A brain peptide, related to insulin, responsible for activation of prothoracic glands in insects


cholesterylation

(organic chemistry) Reaction with a cholesteryl group

(biochemistry) Specifically, the posttranslational reaction of cholesterol with a protein


cystallin

(biochemistry) A heat shock protein in the lens of the eye


hcDNA

hcDNA (countable and uncountable, plural hcDNAs)


methyloxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of a methyl group (typically -CH₃ => -CH₂OH)


moronecidin

(biochemistry) An antimicrobial peptide present in the striped bass (of genus Morone)


phosphohydrolysis

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) The hydrolysis of an organic phosphate


RISA

radioiodinated serum albumin
radioiodinated serum albumin#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of radioiodinated serum albumin.


ecdysteroidogenesis

(biochemistry) The biosynthesis of ecdysteroids


hexamerin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of insect storage proteins


methylpentose

(biochemistry) Synonym of deoxyhexose (C-methylpentose)


ovochymase

Xenopus laevis
Xenopus laevis#Translingual

(biochemistry) A protease, similar to chymotrypsin, released during Xenopus laevis egg activation


microcompartmentation

(biochemistry) The localization of protein into microcompartments