myokine

Also, emerging evidence shows contracting skeletal muscles produce myokines, which are small strings of amino acids existing between muscles and the rest of the body that can help regulate various metabolic processes conducive to better cardiometabolic health, McDonough says.

2023 January 29, Ian McMahan, “For longevity, muscle strength may be as important as aerobic exercise”, in Washington Post, →ISSN:

(biochemistry) A form of cytokine produced in muscle cells.


psoriasin

(biochemistry) An inflammatory calcium-binding protein found on human skin


desmoglein

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cadherins involved in the formation of desmosomes.


hydrobilirubin

(biochemistry) A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.


urotoxin

(biochemistry) any toxic substance that can be found in urine


metalbumin

(biochemistry) A form of albumin found in ascitic and certain serous fluids, and sometimes regarded as a mixture of albumin and mucin.


xenoandrogen

(biochemistry) A xenohormone that imitates androgen.


mycoestrogen

(biochemistry) An estrogen produced by fungi.


xenohormone

(biochemistry) Any of a group of natural and artificial compounds showing hormone-like properties.

xenohormoon

any of a group of natural and artificial compounds showing hormone-like properties


xenoestrogen

(biochemistry) A xenohormone that acts as an estrogen.


APP

en-noun

APP (countable and uncountable, plural APPs)

acute-phase protein
acute-phase protein#English

(countable, biochemistry, immunology) Initialism of acute-phase protein.

amyloid precursor protein
amyloid precursor protein#English

(countable, biochemistry, medicine) Initialism of amyloid precursor protein.


medullin

(biochemistry) A variety of lignin or cellulose found in the medulla, or pith, of certain plants.


TMP

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of thymidine monophosphate.


ectoATPase

(biochemistry) A transmembrane form of ATPase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP.


isodense

(sciences, especially biochemistry) Evenly or uniformly dense; of the same density (as an adjacent object, tissue, etc).


plasmogen

Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.

With regard to the structure of protoplasm, he held that it was vesicular, the reticulum or walls of the vesicles being the part of the protoplasm in which the plasmogen resides, which is not contained in vesicular spaces.

1887 October, W.R. Lighton, “Microscopical Technique”, in The American Monthly Microscopical Journal, volume 8, number 10, page 196:

With further cooling, and under certain physical conditions, with which we are unacquainted, combinations of yet greater complexity began to appear in special association with carbon, till at length the proteins and plasmogen were reached; and the peculiar physical and chemical properties of these complex substances are what we now call vital.

1912, Hugh S. Elliot, “Modern Vitalism”, in Bedrock, volume 1, page 328:

To construct plasmogen itself is a task for the chemists of the distant future.

1913, Edwin Ray Lankester, Science from an Easy Chair, page 191:

(biochemistry) The important living portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest elaboration.


TNA

threose nucleic acid
threose nucleic acid

(biochemistry) threose nucleic acid or threonucleic acid


threose nucleic acid

threose nucleic acid (plural threose nucleic acids)

(biochemistry) An analog of RNA in which the sugar component is threose—considered to be a primordial precursor to RNA


ferrihaemoglobin

(biochemistry) A form of haemoglobin containing oxidized (ferric) iron


ferrihemoprotein

(biochemistry) Any form of a hemoprotein containing oxidized (ferric) iron.


ferripyoverdine

(biochemistry) The complex formed from the siderophore pyoverdine and ferric iron


ferriporphyrin

(biochemistry) Any porphyrin containing ferric iron.


ferricytochrome

(biochemistry) The form of a cytochrome containing oxidized (ferric) iron


ferriheme

(biochemistry) A form of heme containing oxidized (ferric) iron


ferrokinetics

(biochemistry) The study of the kinetics of iron metabolism, typically by using a radioactive iron isotope


ferroheme

(biochemistry) A form of heme containing reduced (ferrous) iron


ferrocytochrome

(biochemistry) the form of a cytochrome containing reduced (ferrous) iron


ferroporphyrin

(biochemistry) Any porphyrin containing ferrous iron


prosthetic group

prosthetic group (plural prosthetic groups)

(biochemistry) The non-protein component of a conjugated protein.


ferroprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that contains iron in a prosthetic group


ferrichrome

ferrichrome (countable and uncountable, plural ferrichromes)

(biochemistry) A cyclic hexapeptide siderophore produced by some fungi.


ketoacylsynthase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of a keto acid


myochrome

(biochemistry) A coloured albuminous substance in the serum from red-coloured muscles, identical with hemoglobin.


GNA

glycol nucleic acid
glycol nucleic acid#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of glycol nucleic acid.


peptide nucleic acid

peptide nucleic acid (plural peptide nucleic acids)

(biochemistry) A synthetic organic polymer similar to DNA or RNA; the sugar backbone of nucleic acids is replaced by N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine linked through peptide bonds - considered a possible precursor to RNA


locked nucleic acid

locked nucleic acid (plural locked nucleic acids)

(biochemistry, genetics) a synthetic form of RNA, in which the ribose is modified to be locked into a specific conformation by adding extra chemical bonding.


threonucleic acid

threonucleic acid (plural threonucleic acids)


glycol nucleic acid

glycol nucleic acid (plural glycol nucleic acids)

(biochemistry) A synthetic nucleic acid; an analogue of DNA in which the sugar backbone is glycerol or a related glycol


BNA

bridged nucleic acid
bridged nucleic acid#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of bridged nucleic acid.


macroamylase

[To our knowledge, the simultaneous presence of macroamylase and macrolipase in the same patient has been previously reported in only four cases. Interestingly, two of those patients had celiac disease. If macroamylase and macrolipase are present, the possibility of celiac disease should be considered.]

2003, Oita T, Yamashiro A, Mizutani F, Tamura A, Sakizono K, Okada A, “[Simultaneous presence of macroamylase and macrolipase in a patient with celiac disease]”, in Rinsho Byori [Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology], volume 51, number 10, →PMID, pages 974–977:

(biochemistry) A high-molecular weight form (that is, a macroenzyme form) of amylase that is bound as a complex to a globulin and is therefore not excreted in the urine.


amphibolic

en-adj

amphibolic (comparative more amphibolic, superlative most amphibolic)

more amphibolic (comparative)
most amphibolic (superlative)

(biochemistry) A biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism.


naphthylamidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a naphthylamide, especially one of an amino acid


homocerebrin

(biochemistry, dated) A body similar to, or identical with, cerebrin.


threonucleic

(biochemistry) Pertaining to a cell nucleus and being based on threose.


desoxyribose

(biochemistry) Alternative spelling of deoxyribose


haemaphaein

Vogel says, "The yellowish-green tint of the serum may be dependant on the brown colouring matter of healthy blood, which was first described by Simon, and received the name of Haemaphaein from that chemist. Nitric acid will serve to prevent its being mistaken for bile pigment.

1853 July, Alexander King, “Article I. Case of Chloroma”, in The Monthly journal of medical science, volume 8, number 43, page 103:

(biochemistry) A brownish pigment found in blood; The heme portion of hemoglobin.


chylify

en-verb

chylify (third-person singular simple present chylifies, present participle chylifying, simple past and past participle chylified)

chylifies (present singular third-person)
chylifying (participle present)
chylified (participle past)
chylified (past)

(biochemistry, transitive) To make chyle of.

(biochemistry, intransitive) To be converted into chyle.


peptonoid

(biochemistry) A substance related to peptone.


ubisemiquinone

(biochemistry) The semiquinone derived from ubiquinone


xylanohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of xylan


zooagglutinin

(biochemistry) An agglutinin protein present in some venoms


zoosterol

(biochemistry) Any sterol found in animal tissue


DNA ligase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that repair single-stranded discontinuities in double-stranded DNA


nonexpressing

(biochemistry) That does not translate or transcribe nucleic acid


trypanolytic

en-adj

trypanolytic (comparative more trypanolytic, superlative most trypanolytic)

more trypanolytic (comparative)
most trypanolytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) That destroys trypanosomes


trypanolysis

(biochemistry) The destruction of trypanosomes


aldoketomutase

lactoylglutathione lyase
lactoylglutathione lyase

(biochemistry) The enzyme lactoylglutathione lyase.


agaropectin

(biochemistry) A heterogeneous mixture of smaller molecules making up the part of agar that is not agarose.


aggrecanase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteolytic enzymes that act on aggrecans

agrecanase

proteolytic enzyme that acts on aggrecans


allantoinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that produces allantoate as part of purine metabolism.


applagin

(biochemistry) A particular disintegrin.


aminohydrolase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that acts upon an amino group.


(biochemistry) One of the hydrolase enzymes that act on phosphoric diester bonds.


aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase

(biochemistry) An oxidoreductase enzyme whose products are ethylene, cyanide, dehydroascorbate, carbon dioxide, and water.


obtustatin

en-noun

obtustatin (usually uncountable, plural obtustatins)


guanidinopropionase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme whose substrates are 3-guanidinopropanoate and water and whose products are beta-alanine and urea.


ureohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of various hydrolase enzymes involved in arginine/agmatine metabolism, the urea cycle, histidine degradation, and other pathways.


dihydropyrimidinase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme, 5,6-dihydropyrimidine amidohydrolase.


creatinase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme involved in arginine and proline metabolism.


carnosine

(biochemistry) A dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine, highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues.


methylguanidinase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of methylguanidine and water into methylamine and urea.


agmatinase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of hydrolase enzymes that catalyze the reaction of agmatine and water into putrescine and urea.


agranulocyte

(biochemistry) Any of several kinds of white blood cell characterised by the absence of granules in the cytoplasm.

agranulocita

white blood cell characterised by the absence of granules in its cytoplasm


dihydrouracil

(biochemistry) An intermediate in the catabolism of uracil.


allantoicase

allantoicase (usually uncountable, plural allantoicases)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that participates in purine metabolism by facilitating the utilization of purines as secondary nitrogen sources under nitrogen-limiting conditions.

alantoicase

a hydrolase enzyme that participates in purine metabolism


diguanidinobutanase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of 1,4-diguanidinobutane and water into agmatine and urea.


amidinoaspartase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of N-amidino-L-aspartate and water into L-aspartate and urea.


guanidinobutyrase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of 4-guanidinobutanoate and water into 4-aminobutanoate and urea.


kievitone

(biochemistry) A complex prenylated isoflavanol.


guanidinoacetase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of guanidinoacetate and water into glycine and urea.


kistrin

(biochemistry) A particular disintegrin.


isoflavane

(biochemistry) Any of a certain class of isoflavonoids


azurin

azurin (countable and uncountable, plural azurins)

(biochemistry) The enzyme, arsenate reductase


gastricsin

(biochemistry) An aspartic proteinase of the peptidase family A1 which is a digestive enzyme produced in the stomach and constitutes a major component of the gastric mucosa.


avenin

(biochemistry) A prolamine that is the minor protein of oats.


urethanase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of urethane and water into ethanol, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.


glyoxisome

(biochemistry) A specialized peroxisome found in plants and filamentous fungi, in which the fatty acids are hydrolyzed to acetyl-CoA by peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes.


alkylacetylglycerophosphatase

(biochemistry) One of the hydrolase enzymes that act on phosphoric monoester bonds.


equol

(biochemistry) An isoflavandiol metabolized from daidzein by bacterial flora in the intestines.


antipeptone

(biochemistry) A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic juice.


peptonize

en-verb

peptonize (third-person singular simple present peptonizes, present participle peptonizing, simple past and past participle peptonized)

peptonizes (present singular third-person)
peptonizing (participle present)
peptonized (participle past)
peptonized (past)

(physiology, biochemistry) To convert a protein into peptones under the influence of the enzyme pepsin.


malvidin

en-noun

malvidin (countable and uncountable, plural malvidins)

(biochemistry) An O-methylated anthocyanidin that is a primary plant pigment.


primulin

primulin (usually uncountable, plural primulins)

(biochemistry) An anthocyanin, the 3-galactoside of malvidin, found in Primula sinensis.


malvin

(biochemistry) An anthocyanin, a diglucoside of malvidin, found in very many foods.


oenin

(biochemistry) An anthocyanin, the 3-glucoside of malvidin and the red pigment in red wine.


quaternary structure

quaternary structure (plural quaternary structures)

(biochemistry, molecular biology) The arrangement of multiple folded or coiled proteins to form a multi-subunit complex.


tertiary structure

tertiary structure (plural tertiary structures)

(biochemistry, molecular biology) The manner in which the helices or sheets of a protein are folded to give a three-dimensional structure.


dehydration reaction

dehydration reaction (plural dehydration reactions)

elimination reaction
elimination reaction

(biochemistry) An elimination reaction in which the small molecule removed is water


storage polysaccharide

storage polysaccharide (plural storage polysaccharides)

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide that serves to store energy in plants (typically starch) or animals (typically glycogen)


beta sheet

(biochemistry) A secondary structure in proteins consisting of multiple strands connected laterally.


structural polysaccharide

structural polysaccharide (plural structural polysaccharides)

(biochemistry) Any polysaccharide that serves to supply stiffness to a plant (typically cellulose) or insect etc (typically chitin)


adenylosuccinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts adenylosuccinate to AMP and fumarate as part of the purine nucleotide cycle.


adenylosuccinate

adenylosuccinic acid
adenylosuccinic acid

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of adenylosuccinic acid; an intermediate in the interconversion of the purine nucleotides IMP (inosine monophosphate) and AMP (adenosine monophosphate).


antiprogestin

Antiprogestins may stop some cancer cells from growing and they are being studied in the treatment of breast cancer.

(biochemistry) Any substance that prevents cells from making or using progesterone.

antiprogestina

any substance that prevents cells from making or using progesterone


carbohydrase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of polysaccharides into simple sugars

carbaihiodráis

any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of polysaccharides into simple sugars


intermediate filament

intermediate filament (plural intermediate filaments)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of twisted protein filaments intermediate in size between microfilaments and microtubules.


motor protein

motor protein (countable and uncountable, plural motor proteins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that are able to move on a suitable substrate, being powered by the hydrolysis of ATP, and are involved in the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work.


integral membrane protein

integral membrane protein (countable and uncountable, plural integral membrane proteins)

2000. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. Section 3.4, Membrane Proteins. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21570/
Integral membrane proteins, also called intrinsic proteins, have one or more segments that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.

(biochemistry) A protein (or assembly of proteins) that is permanently attached to a biological membrane.

integráns membránfehérje

protein that is permanently attached to a biological membrane


peripheral membrane protein

peripheral membrane protein (countable and uncountable, plural peripheral membrane proteins)

2000. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. Section 3.4, Membrane Proteins. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21570/
Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic proteins, do not interact with the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer.

Peripheral membrane proteins can attach to the surface of the plasmalemma by ionic interactions with an integral protein, another peripheral membrane protein, or by interaction with the polar head groups of the phospholipids.

2005, J. William Krause, Krause's Essential Human Histology for Medical Students, page 8:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated.


cannabinomimetic

(biochemistry) Having similar effects to those of cannabis.


decarbonylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a carbonyl group, especially from an aldehyde to form an alkane


adipophilin

(biochemistry) An adipose differentiation-related protein associated with globule surface membrane material


amphiregulin

(biochemistry) A particular autocrine growth factor


perlecan

(biochemistry) A large multidomain proteoglycan.


deoxynucleotidyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of several DNA polymerases involved in gene recombination


curcuminoid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of many naturally-occurring or synthetic phenols that are derivatives of curcumin


glutathionylated

en-adj

glutathionylated (comparative more glutathionylated, superlative most glutathionylated)

more glutathionylated (comparative)
most glutathionylated (superlative)

(biochemistry) Modified by reaction with glutathione


metabolon

(biochemistry) A temporary complex between sequential enzymes of a metabolic pathway


cytochemical

(biochemistry) Relating to cytochemistry


cytochemical

(biochemistry) Any chemical compound that is found only in cells


glutathionylation

(biochemistry) modification by reaction with glutathione; especially such posttranslational modification of a protein via a disulfide bond


acetylome

(biochemistry) The complete set of protein acetylations of an organism


automethylate

en-verb

automethylate (third-person singular simple present automethylates, present participle automethylating, simple past and past participle automethylated)

automethylates (present singular third-person)
automethylating (participle present)
automethylated (participle past)
automethylated (past)


desuccinylation

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) The removal of a succinyl moiety previously added by succinylation


corecognition

(biochemistry) simultaneous recognition of two entities


crotonylation

(biochemistry) posttranslational modification of lysine residues in a histone by the introduction of crotonyl groups


derepressible

(biochemistry, genetics) Able to cause, or to undergo derepression


succinylation

(biochemistry) The posttranslational modification of lysine residues in proteins by such a reaction


hypophosphorylation

(biochemistry) phosphorylation to a less than normal extent, or less than fully


subpocket

(biochemistry) A distinct part of the binding site of an enzyme


citrullination

Naturally occurring/substituted amino acids, flanking targeted arginine, influence its susceptibility to citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminases.

2017, B. Amin, W. Voelter, “Human Deiminases”, in A. Douglas Kinghorn, Heinz Falk, Simon Gibbons, Jun'ichi Kobayashi, editors, Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, Volume 106, Springer, page 220:

In MS citrullination is the most studied PTM^([post-translational modification]) from those listed in Table 6.1.

2017, Alastair Wilkins, Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, 2nd edition, Springer, page 141:

2019, Shuzheng Song, Yingyan Yu, Progression on Citrullination of Proteins in Gastrointestinal Cancers, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Jian-ye Zhang, Yunkai Zhang, Yan-yan Yan (editors), Targeted Cancer Therapies, From Small Molecules to Antibodies, Frontiers Media, page 162,
The exact effect of citrullination of proteins on cancer should be studied further.
Citrullination of proteins is not only detected in in vitro experiments, but also in human blood.

(biochemistry) The posttranslational modification of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline.


calprotectin

inflammatory bowel disease
inflammatory bowel disease

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein that also functions as a cell growth inhibitory factor; its measurement in faeces is a test for inflammatory bowel disease.


autoacetylated

(biochemistry) modified by autoacetylation


autoacetylation

(biochemistry) The intramolecular acetylation of histone acetyltransferase that functions as a control mechanism in gene expression


didomain

(biochemistry) A discrete structure formed from two domains of a protein dimer


lactotransferrin

en-noun

lactotransferrin (countable and uncountable, plural lactotransferrins)


peptidylprolyl

(biochemistry) Designating prolyl residues within proteins


immunoexpression

(biochemistry, immunology) The expression of a protein as a result of an immune response


peptidylprolyl isomerase

peptidylprolyl isomerase (plural peptidylprolyl isomerases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the cis- and trans- forms of peptide bonds involving proline


phosphatidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a lecithin or other phosphatide to a lysolecithin or other lysophospholipid


phosphatome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of phosphatases found in a biological sample; especially that found in a person's body under normal conditions, and when suffering from a disease


proansamycin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of macrocyclic compounds that are intermediates in the biosynthesis of ansamycins


septapeptide

(biochemistry) Any oligopeptide containing seven amino acid residues


superfold

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superfold.wav

(biochemistry) A large grouping of protein fold conformations


tetraubiquitin

tetraubiquitin (usually uncountable, plural tetraubiquitins)

(biochemistry) A complex of four ubiquitin proteins.


apopain

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the proteolytic degradation of PARP


atrophin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins found in nervous tissue.


dATP

deoxyadenosine triphosphate
deoxyadenosine triphosphate#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of deoxyadenosine triphosphate.


cyclodipeptide

(biochemistry) Any cyclopeptide composed of two amino acid residues


cyclotide

(biochemistry) Any of a group of oligopeptides, of plant origin, that have a cyclopeptide backbone bridged with multiple disulfide bonds


cyanobactin

(biochemistry, medicine) Any of a family of small, cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria, many of which show antimalarial or antitumor activity.


deoxyadenosine triphosphate

(biochemistry) A nucleoside triphosphate used in cells for DNA synthesis


extein

(biochemistry) The product formed by the excision of an intein from a protein


globulomer

(biochemistry) Any of a group of globular amyloid beta-peptide oligomers that are implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease


galactosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes certain glycoproteins to produce galactosamine


germin

From germination (or related word) + -in.

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins, resistant to proteases, associated with the germination of cereals


isomaltase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of isomaltose and related dextrins


oligomannose

(biochemistry) A glycan that is an oligomer composed of mannose units


hexon

(biology, biochemistry) Any small biological structure that has hexagonal symmetry.


leucomaine

(biochemistry, archaic) An animal base or alkaloid, appearing in the tissue during life; hence, a vital alkaloid, as distinguished from a ptomaine or cadaveric poison.


uniporter

(biochemistry) An integral membrane protein that transports a single molecule

uniportteri

an integral membrane protein that transports a single molecule


adipsin

(biochemistry) A peptidase that is secreted by adipocytes into the bloodstream and is involved in the suppression of infection


adenosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an adenosyl group, for example from ATP to an amino acid

Cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase

adenosyylitransferaasi

any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an adenosyl group


caldecrin

(biochemistry) The peptidase chymotrypsin-C


antiphenoloxidase

(biochemistry) That disrupts phenoloxidase activity


carboxydipeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the terminal amino acid of a dipeptide from the end that contains a free carboxyl group


dideoxythymidine

dideoxythymidine (countable and uncountable, plural dideoxythymidines)

(biochemistry, genetics) The nucleoside consisting of a combination of dideoxyribose and thymine


dihydrostreptose

(biochemistry) A hydroxymethyl derivative of streptose, 5-deoxy-3-c-(hydroxymethyl)pentose, that forms a biochemically important complex with dTDP.


depolymerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a depolymerization reaction


carboxyprothrombin

(biochemistry) A form of prothrombin that has undergone posttranslational carboxylation.


diphenoloxidase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of copper-containing oxidoreductase enzymes that oxidize catechols to quinones


glypiation

(biochemistry) The attachment of glycosylphosphatidylinositol to a protein as a posttranslational modification


follistatin

follistatin (countable and uncountable, plural follistatins)

(biochemistry) A protein that binds to, and neutralizes, activin


erythroagglutinin

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

(biochemistry) A lectin, isolated from the red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), that is involved in red cell agglutination


granulysin

granulysin (countable and uncountable, plural granulysins)

(biochemistry) A type of antimicrobial protein released by cytotoxic T cells


glycoproteome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of glycoproteins encoded by a particular genome.


jasplakinolide

jasplakinolide (countable and uncountable, plural jasplakinolides)

(biochemistry) A cyclodepsipeptide, isolated from the marine sponge Jaspis johnstoni, that is a potent inducer of actin polymerization and stabilization


glycoproteomics

(biochemistry) The branch of proteomics concerned with glycoproteins


methylprednisone

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Alternative form of methylprednisolone


peptidome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of peptides encoded by a particular genome, or present within a particular cell type or organism


peptidyldipeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a dipeptide from the C-terminal end of an oligopeptide


rhamnogalacturonan

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide, consisting mostly of rhamnose and galacturonic acid, that is found in plant cell walls


protegrin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of polypeptides, first discovered in porcine leukocytes, that have antimicrobial activity


sequon

(biochemistry) A sequence of three consecutive amino acids in a protein that can serve as the attachment site for a glycan


transesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a transesterification reaction


relaxase

(biochemistry) A single-stranded DNA transesterase produced by some prokaryotes and viruses.


translin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of DNA-binding proteins that specifically recognise consensus sequences at the breakpoint junctions in chromosomal translocations


phytoecdysteroid

(biochemistry) Any ecdysteroid found in plants.


thiopeptide

(biochemistry, medicine) Any of a family of antibiotics composed of a ring structure containing highly modified amino acids and a linear peptide containing dehydroalanines extending from the ring at a pyridyl group


ecdysteroid

From ecdysis (“shedding, moulting”) (from Ancient Greek ἔκδυσις (ékdusis, “stripping”)) + steroid.

der

The ecdysteroid group includes more than 250 polyhydroxysterols that occur in plants and animals, with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-OH-E) being the physiologically active moulting hormone in most insects (Lafont 2000).

2007, Guy Smagghe, “12: Insect Cell Lines as Tools in Insecticide Mode of Action Research”, in Isaac Ishaaya, Ralf Nauen, A. Rami Horowitz, editors, Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies, Springer, page 269:

In some dipteran species, ecdysteroids synthesis starts at almost the same time as the onset of vitellogenin synthesis, whereas in other species like orthopterans the synthesis starts only towards the end of vitellogenin uptake.

2008, John L. Capinera, editor, Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, Springer, page 1279:

Ecdysteroids in crustaceans differ substantially from those of their fellow arthropods, the insects. Crustacean ecdysteroids and ecdysteroid nuclear receptors are similar to those of insects, but differ in the number of hormones and in the number and structure of the receptor isoforms.

2009, Penny M. Hopkins, “Chapter 3: Crustacean Ecdysteroids and their Receptors”, in Guy Smagghe, editor, Ecdysone: Structures and Functions, Springer, page 73:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a group of hormones responsible for moulting in insects and other functions in other invertebrates and plants.

ecdystéroïde

any of a group of hormones present in arthropods and in plants


cellobiohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any form of a cellulase that removes molecules of cellobiose from the ends of cellulose chains


cyclomaltodextrin

(biochemistry) The cyclic form of the oligosaccharide maltodextrin


cyclomaltodextrinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a cyclomaltodextrin to produce a linear maltodextrin


goosecoid

transcription factor
transcription factor

(biochemistry) A particular homeobox protein that acts as a transcription factor


isomaltohexose

(biochemistry) An isomaltooligosaccharide formed from six isomaltose monomers


isomaltoheptose

(biochemistry) An isomaltooligosaccharide formed from seven isomaltose monomers


granuphilin

en-noun

granuphilin (countable and uncountable, plural granuphilins)

(biochemistry) A synaptotagmin-like protein expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and in the pituitary gland.


isomaltopentose

(biochemistry) An isomaltooligosaccharide formed from five isomaltose monomers


isomaltotetrose

(biochemistry) An isomaltooligosaccharide formed from four isomaltose monomers


internalin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins found on the surface of bacteria of the genus Listeria.


isomaltotriose

isomaltotriose (usually uncountable, plural isomaltotrioses)

(biochemistry) An isomaltooligosaccharide formed from three isomaltose monomers.


isomaltooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any of a family of oligosaccharides composed (mostly) of isomaltose monomers


semiglutin

(biochemistry) A peptone-like body, insoluble in alcohol, formed by boiling collagen or gelatin for a long time in water.


maltogenic

(biochemistry) That breaks down starch into maltose.


maltoheptaose

(biochemistry) A maltooligosaccharide consisting of seven glucose units.


maltohexaose

(biochemistry) A maltooligosaccharide consisting of six glucose units


maltooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide derived from glucose monomers linked as in maltose.


muramidase

muramidase (countable and uncountable, plural muramidases)


multizipper

(biochemistry) Involving multiple leucine zippers


neopullulanase

(biochemistry) A form of pullulanase that catalyzes the hydrolysis and transglycosylation of α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages in polysaccharides


pullulanase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzyme that catalyze the hydrolysis and transglycosylation of α-1,4 or α-1,6 linkages in polysaccharides such as pullulan.


leucine zipper

(biochemistry) A structural motif in proteins, especially those involved in transcription


UCP

uncoupling protein
uncoupling protein#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of uncoupling protein.


orthosteric

From ortho- + steric (“arrangement of atoms in space”).

(biochemistry) Describing the primary, unmodulated binding site (on a receptor) of a ligand


phosphogluconolactonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of phosphogluconolactone to phosphogluconate


purinoceptor

(biochemistry) Any of a family of plasma membrane substances involved in cellular functions such as vascular reactivity, apoptosis and cytokine secretion


sulfotyrosine

(biochemistry) The product of posttranslational sulfation of tyrosine residues in protein


botrocetin

(biochemistry) A coagglutinin, present in snake venom, that causes platelet aggregation


affibody

(biochemistry) Any of a series of commercial antibody-mimetic proteins


degradomics

(biochemistry) the study of all the compounds produced in the degradation of a material (especially of a protease)


antennapedia

(biochemistry) A homeobox protein (and associated gene) whose overexpression in the head segment of insects can lead to the formation of legs instead of antennae.


coagglutinin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any material that causes conglutination


afamin

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein that binds vitamin E


adducin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of related actin-regulating proteins.

aducina

any of a group of related actin-regulating proteins


desargination

(biochemistry) removal of a terminal arginine moiety from a protein


ginsenosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a ginsenoside glycoside


glucosaminide

(biochemistry) Any N-acyl derivative of a glucosamine.


galactoxyloglucan

From Blend of galactose + xylose + glucan.

(biochemistry) An amyloid glucan, from seeds of Mucuna etc., that contains galactose and xylose.


granulocytin

Sarcophaga peregrina
Sarcophaga peregrina

(biochemistry) A lectin from the flesh fly Sarcophaga peregrina


glycodelin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of progestagen-associated endometrial glycoproteins.


nonchromatin

(biochemistry) Not containing, or based on chromatin


myotoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of small myotoxic peptides present in rattlesnake venom


microtubulin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with microtubules.


naringinase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of glucosidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of naringin glycosides (and thus reduce the bitter taste of grapefruit)


pathomolecular

(pathology, biochemistry) Describing the molecular (biochemical) origins of disease


preprolactin

(biochemistry) The precursor to prolactin


prochymosin

(biochemistry) The precursor of chymosin


ribotoxic

en-adj

ribotoxic (comparative more ribotoxic, superlative most ribotoxic)

more ribotoxic (comparative)
most ribotoxic (superlative)

(biochemistry) toxic because of interference with the function of RNA


uridylylation

en-noun

uridylylation (usually uncountable, plural uridylylations)

(biochemistry) reaction with uridylic acid


stathmin

stathmin (countable and uncountable, plural stathmins)

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates microtubule activity


synphilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins, a mutated form of which is implicated in Parkinson's disease.


debitter

en-verb

debitter (third-person singular simple present debitters, present participle debittering, simple past and past participle debittered)

debitters (present singular third-person)
debittering (participle present)
debittered (participle past)
debittered (past)

an irreversible means to debitter orange juice

1996, Owen R. Fennema, Food chemistry, page 731:

(transitive, biochemistry) To remove the bitterness from.


modificomics

(biochemistry, genetics) The study of posttranslational modifications of the proteins associated with a particular genome


peripherin

peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system

(biochemistry) An intermediate filament protein expressed mainly in neurons of the peripheral nervous system

(biochemistry) A photoreceptive glycoprotein


hemialbumose

en-noun

hemialbumose (countable and uncountable, plural hemialbumoses)

(biochemistry) An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone.


rhodophane

(biochemistry) The red pigment in the inner segments of the cones of the retina in animals.


polyperythrin

(biochemistry) A pigment found in many simple Anthozoa and some hydroids.


caffetannic acid

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A variety of tannin obtained from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.


bombic acid

Latin bombyx (“silk, silkworm”): compare French bombique.

(obsolete, organic chemistry, biochemistry) An acid obtained from the silkworm, now found to be acetic acid.


nebulin

nebulin (countable and uncountable, plural nebulins)

(biochemistry) An actin-binding protein localized to the I-band of the sarcomeres in skeletal muscle.


mesotartaric acid

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) inactive tartaric acid


haematoin

(biochemistry) A substance formed from the haematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid.


paraglobulin

paraglobulin (countable and uncountable, plural paraglobulins)

(biochemistry) An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins.


signal transduction

transmembrane protein
transmembrane protein

(biochemistry) A series of chemical reactions within a cell which start when a transmembrane protein comes into contact with a chemical signal, resulting in a second messenger being triggered.


chondrigen

Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros, “cartilage”) + -gen

uder

(biochemistry) The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling in water into a gelatinous substance called chondrin.


disassimilation

It shows that the brain is not important to the proper performance of the functions of assimilation and disassimilation—or those of organic life.

1851 March 14, Buffalo Medical Journal, volume 6, number 10, page 584:

His experiments show “that about four-fifths of our disassimilations are the result of transformations within the body, comparable to the oxidation of alcohol, and that the remaining one-fifth of the disassimilations are formed at the expense of the living tissues themselves, free of all demands on foreign oxygen."

1894, The Dental Register, volume 48, page 198:

There is a white-black substance which when acted upon by the visible rays of light undergoes disassimilation and sets up nerve impulses that arouse in the brain the sensation of white.

1907, William Henry Howell, A Text-book of physiology, page 342:

(obsolete, biochemistry) catabolism (metabolism with the release of energy)


hemipeptone

(biochemistry) A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter, which (unlike antipeptone) is convertible into leucin and tyrosin by the continued action of pancreatic juice. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin by boiling dilute sulphuric acid.


photopsin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of photoreceptor proteins present in the cones of the retina


atrial natriuretic peptide

en-noun

atrial natriuretic peptide (plural atrial natriuretic peptides)

(biochemistry, endocrinology) A strong vasodilatory, peptide hormone, secreted by the cardiac muscle cells.


melanocyte-stimulating hormone

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (plural melanocyte-stimulating hormones)

(endocrinology, biochemistry) Any of a class of peptide hormones released by the pituitary gland that are involved in regulating the production of melanin.


nonselecting

a nonselecting peptide

nonselecting ligands


parathyroid hormone

parathyroid hormone (plural parathyroid hormones)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide hormone that is released by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands and is involved in raising the levels of calcium ions in the blood.


cavin

From cav(eola) + -in. Coined in J. Vinten et al. (2005) “Identification of a major protein on the cytosolic face of caveolae”, in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes, volume 1717, number 1, pages 34-40:
Cav-p60, a specific and ubiquitous caveolar protein, was[…]identified as similar to a GeneBank entry annotated mouse polymerase transcript release factor (PTRF)[…]The results show that in a large number of cell types, PTRF is essentially located to caveolae, and that each caveola harbors many copies of the protein. Consequently, we suggest the name Cavin [sic – not capitalised elsewhere in the article] for this protein.
.

The observation that lipid rafts and caveolae were highly enriched in PS in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the membrane (Pike et al. 2002) nicely dovetails with recent findings that all cavin proteins that are required for caveola biogenesis bind PS.

2011, Ivan R. Nabi, Cellular Domains, page 46:

The cavin family consists of four proteins now termed cavins 1e4 and encoded by the PTRF, SDPR, SRBC, and MURC genes, respectively. Interestingly, none of the early studies about each cavin charcterized it as a caveolar protein.

2015, Kwang W. Jeon, International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, page 238:

The cavin family of proteins is composed of four main types—cavin 1 (polymerase 1 and transcript release factor, PTRF), cavin 2 (serum deprivation response protein, SDPR), cavin 3 (protein kinase-c delta binding protein, PRKCDBP), and cavin 4 (muscle restricted coiled protein, MURC).

2020, The Future of Pharmaceutical Product Development and Research, page 233:

(biochemistry) A type of protein that is involved in forming the caveola of many vertebrate cells.


antialbumid

(biochemistry) A compound formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion, convertible into antipeptone.


CCK

(biochemistry) Initialism of cholecystokinin.


aconine

(biochemistry) An amorphous, bitter, non-poisonous alkaloid, derived from the decomposition of aconitine.


myeloidin

(biochemistry) A substance present in the protoplasm of the retinal epithelium cells, and resembling, if not identical with, the myelin that forms the medullary sheaths of nerve fibres.


cutose

Oxidation of cutose yields suberic acid.

(biochemistry) A variety of cellulose, occurring as a fine transparent membrane covering the aerial organs of plants, and forming an essential ingredient of cork.


propepsin

propepsin (countable and uncountable, plural propepsins)


sarcosin

(biochemistry) Alternative form of sarcosine


CPE

CPE (countable and uncountable, plural CPEs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element.


counterreceptor

(biochemistry) A material that binds with, and tethers a receptor on the surface of a cell


arginase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to form urea and ornithine

arginaasi

an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine


SQDG

(biochemistry) Initialism of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol.


MPO

(biochemistry) Initialism of myeloperoxidase.


choleic acid

(biochemistry) taurocholic acid (An acid obtained from bile).


glycocoll

From glyco- + Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).


haematoporphyrin

From haemato- + Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra, “purple”).


helodermin

(biochemistry) A peptide in Gila monster venom.


exendin

peptide found in an EXocrine secretion of Heloderma lizards which has ENDocrine activity" (J Biol Chem (1990) 265: 20259) + -in

(biochemistry) Any of a group of peptide agonists found in Gila monster venom.


helospectin

From Heloderma suspectum (taxonomic name for the Gila monster) + -in.


albuminin

(biochemistry) The substance of the cells that enclose the white of birds' eggs.


Marechal's test

(obsolete, biochemistry) A test for the presence of bile pigments in urine in which a solution of iodine produces a bright green colouration


pectose

(biochemistry) An amorphous carbohydrate found especially in unripe fruits. It is associated with cellulose, and is converted into substances of the pectin group.


hemiprotein

(biochemistry) An insoluble proteid substance formed when albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric acid, and apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone.


hemicollin

(biochemistry, dated) A more soluble form of semiglutin.


sepsin

(biochemistry) A soluble poison (ptomaine) present in putrid blood. It is also formed in the putrefaction of proteid matter in general.


kendrin

(biochemistry) A calmodulin-binding protein.


connectin

en-noun

connectin (countable and uncountable, plural connectins)


phrenosin

In both methods the crude galctosides were separated into the phrenosin and kerasin fraction by fractional crystallization at various temperatures.

1913, Otto Rosenheim, The Galactosides of the Brain and Their Constitution:

On decomposition of phrenosin, the crebronic acid breaks off first and there remains a compound of sphingosin and galactose of a basic nature named psychosin, C₂₃H₄₅NO₇.

1915, Albert Prescott Mathews, Physiological chemistry, page 577:

On the basis of these observations the following constitutional formula for phrenosin (C₄₈H₉₅O₉N) has been suggested [Rosenheim 1916]

1918, Hugh Maclean, Lecithin and Allied Substances, the Lipins, page 101:

(biochemistry) A nitrogenous body that contains no phosphorus, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.


galacturonosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a galacturonic acid residue


globotriaosylceramide

globotriaosylceramide (countable and uncountable, plural globotriaosylceramides)

(biochemistry) A glycolipid that accumulates in the walls of blood vessels in people with a galactosidase deficiency


paralbumin

(biochemistry) A proteid-like body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.


protagon

protagon (countable and uncountable, plural protagons)

From proto- + Ancient Greek ἀγών (agṓn, “a contest”). See protagonist. So called because it was the first definitely ascertained principle of the brain.

(biochemistry) A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.


hematosin

(biochemistry, dated) The hematin of blood.


parapeptone

parapeptone (countable and uncountable, plural parapeptones)

(biochemistry) An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.


meiome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of messenger RNA molecules (transcripts) produced in a cell that is undergoing meiosis.


sarcolactic acid

(biochemistry) An acid found in the muscles after prolonged contraction; lactic acid, when it is produced during anaerobic respiration.


ketotestosterone

(biochemistry) An oxidized form of testosterone containing a keto group; it is a sex hormone in fish.


spermatin

(biochemistry) A substance allied to alkali albumin and to mucin, present in semen, to which it is said to impart the mucilaginous character.


glutathioselenol

(biochemistry) A derivative of glutathione that is involved in the metabolism of selenium


desulfhydrase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of the elements of hydrogen sulfide from a compound


bioreceptor

(biochemistry) Any compound, such as a protein, that binds to a particular specific compound when part of a biosensor


retrodismutation

(biochemistry) The reverse of a dismutation reaction


CFTR

w:Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

(biochemistry) Initialism of Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.


edrophonium

From e(thyl) + (hy)dro(xy)ph(enyl) + -onium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) An anticholinesterase C₁₀H₁₆NO⁺ used especially to stimulate skeletal muscle and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.


zooremediation

(biochemistry, rare) bioremediation by the use of animals


glucogenic

en-adj

glucogenic (comparative more glucogenic, superlative most glucogenic)

more glucogenic (comparative)
most glucogenic (superlative)


bioorganometallic

organometallic compound
organometallic compound

(biochemistry) Of or relating to the role of organometallic compounds in biological processes


metallophosphatase

(biochemistry) Any metalloenzyme that functions as a phosphatase


cytase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes, found especially in cereals, that solubilize cell walls by hydrolyzing mannan, galactan, xylan and araban.


allysine

en-noun

allysine (countable and uncountable, plural allysines)

(biochemistry) The amino acid 2-amino-6-oxo-hexanoic acid derived from lysine

alisina

the amino acid 2-amino-6-oxo-hexanoic acid


desmosine

desmosine (countable and uncountable, plural desmosines)

(biochemistry) A crosslink compound responsible for the rubbery properties of elastin


crustacyanin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of complexes of astaxanthin and protein found in the carapace of lobsters


heteroside

(biochemistry) A glycoside containing two different carbohydrate moieties


Axin

(biochemistry) A large docking protein that in humans is encoded by the AXIN1 gene, and that binds APC, GSK-3β, casein kinase Iα, and β-catenin.


lyoniresinol

(biochemistry) A phenolic compound derived from the oak tree.


lariciresinol

(biochemistry) A lignan, a type of phenylpropanoid, found in sesame seeds and Brassica vegetables.


phosphofructaldolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme responsible for splitting fructose-1-phosphate in the liver.


phosphoglucokinase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that participates in starch and sucrose metabolism.


phosvitin

(biochemistry) A yolk protein that is important in sequestering calcium, iron, and other cations.


aldophosphamide

(biochemistry) A tautomer of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide.


phenylalaninase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


phosphopentomutase

(biochemistry) An isomerase enzyme, alpha-D-ribose 1,5-phosphomutase, involved in pentose phosphate pathway and purine metabolism.


(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in purine metabolism.


phosphagen

(biochemistry) Any of a class of energy storage compounds, chiefly found in muscular tissue in animals, allowing a high-energy phosphate pool to be maintained in a concentration range, which, if it all were ATP, would create problems due to the ATP consuming reactions in these tissues.


galactowaldenase

From galacto- + Walden + -ase, in reference to the Walden inversion.

(biochemistry) Synonym of phosphogalactoisomerase


phosphomannomutase

(biochemistry) A phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate ⇌ D-mannose 6-phosphate.


phosphoglyceromutase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in glycolysis that catalyzes the internal transfer of a phosphate group from C-3 to C-2, resulting in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate through a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate intermediate.


phosphoketolase

(biochemistry) A particular aldehyde-lyase enzyme.


phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase

phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (plural phosphoacetylglucosamine mutases)

(biochemistry) A phosphotransferase enzyme, N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1,6-phosphomutase.


phosphomevalonic acid

(biochemistry) An intermediate in the mevalonate pathway.


phosphoglucosamine mutase

phosphoglucosamine mutase (plural phosphoglucosamine mutases)

(biochemistry) A phosphotransferase enzyme, alpha-D-glucosamine 1,6-phosphomutase, involved in aminosugar metabolism.


phosphoamidase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme, phosphamide hydrolase, acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds.


phosphoenolpyruvate mutase

(biochemistry) A phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phosphoenolpyruvate ⇌ 3-phosphonopyruvate.


phosphomonoesterase

phosphomonoesterase (countable and uncountable, plural phosphomonoesterases)

Dr. L. Shuster kindly furnished samples of prostatic acid phosphomonoesterase prepared according to the procedure of Markham and Smith.

1955, John B. Wolff, Nathan O. Kaplan, “d-Mannitol 1-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Escherichia Coli”, in The Journal of General Physiology, page 850:

The venoms of snakes […] contain many enzymes, some of which, such as the proteases, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, L–amino acid oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, cholinesterase, ribonuclease, desoxyribonuclease, ATPase, DNPase, and hyaluronidase are being used by the biochemist, pharmacologist, and physician.

1965, Findlay E. Russell, “Venomous Animals and Their Toxins”, in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: Showing the Operations, Expenditures, and Condition of the Institution for the Year Ended June 30 1964, pages 479–80:

We first noted activation by high concentrations of ammonium sulfate […] when we attempted to purify cyclic adenosine monophosphatase (c-AMP-ase), phosphomonoesterase, and phosphodiesterase by the method of Robison.

1976, D. B. Gelman, D. K. Hayes, M. S. Schechter, “Ammonium Sulfate Activation of Phosphodiesterase in Homogenates of Larvae of the European Corn Borer”, in Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, volume 152, page 170:

(biochemistry) A phosphoric monoester hydrolase; an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of O-P bonds by nucleophilic attack of phosphorus by cysteine residues or coordinated metal ions.


PHA

(biochemistry) Initialism of phytohemagglutinin.


mannoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein based on mannose.


biofactory

(informal, biochemistry) Any system that produces (commercially) useful amounts of biologically-active compounds


arabinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of arabinans

arabinase

any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of arabinans


grifonin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of peptides, derived from the protein griffithsin, that has antiviral properties


hydroxyprostaglandin

(biochemistry) Any of several hydroxy derivatives of prostaglandin that are smooth muscle relaxants


isoelectrofocusing

isoelectric focusing
isoelectric focusing


isoelectric focusing

(biochemistry) The electrophoresis of proteins through a pH gradient to locations corresponding to their isoelectric points


mycolate

From mycolic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of a mycolic acid.


mycosporine

(biochemistry) Any of many complex amino acids, having a central cyclohexene ring, that protect organisms from ultraviolet light


phosphoglucosamine

(biochemistry) Either of two isomeric glucosamine phosphates


phosphoribulokinase

(biochemistry) A phosphotransferase that acts on ribulose phosphate


sedolisin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of peptidases that hydrolyze serine derivatives


renalase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, released by the kidney, that breaks down adrenaline and related compounds


glycolipidome

(biochemistry) The set of all glycolipids in a cell or organism


glycolipidomics

From glycolipidome + -ics or glyco- + lipidomics.

(biochemistry) The study of the glycolipidome of an organism or cell


hemicellulase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of hemicellulose


echinochrome

echinochrome (countable and uncountable, plural echinochromes)

(biochemistry) A usually red biochrome found in echinoids.


lipooligosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any of a large class of lipids conjugated with oligosaccharides.


myriocin

(biochemistry) A lipid-like amino acid that has antibiotic activity


neurolipidomics

(biochemistry, medicine) The application of lipidomics to the study of neurodegenerative disease


steroidomics

(biochemistry) The study of the steroidome of an organism or cell


prenylome

(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of prenylated compounds associated with a particular genome.


sterolome

(biochemistry) The set of all sterols in a cell or organism.


steroidome

(biochemistry) The set of all steroids in a cell or organism.


sphingolipidomics

In fact, the methods of sphingolipidomics also facilitate the determination of isotype specific effects, such as the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis exclusively by C16:0 ceramide. […] Sphingolipidomics will provide thrill information on the source and the 'job history' of a unique metabolite by comparative analysis of the levels of its de novo precursors versus its degradation products.

2007, Jean-Louis Vincent, Intensive Care Medicine: Annual Update 2007, page 262:

(biochemistry) The study of the sphingolipidome of an organism or cell


topogenesis

(biochemistry) morphogenesis of protein tertiary structure


sphingolipidome

(biochemistry) The set of all sphingolipids in a cell or organism


quormone

(biochemistry) Any of a class of cyclic peptides active in quorum sensing.


protectin

(biochemistry) A membrane-bound protein that prevents lysis by complement


seroprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein found in blood serum


pectous

(biochemistry) Of, relating to, or consisting of, pectose.


I-sites

I-sites pl (normally plural, singular I-site)

(biochemistry) A protein folding initiation site motif consisting of an amino acid sequence pattern and a local structure type.


levomefolic acid

(biochemistry) The natural, active form of folic acid used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle, the regulation of homocysteine, etc.


methylenetetrahydrofolate

/ˌmɛ.θɪ.liːnˌtɛ.tɹəˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.leɪt/

(biochemistry) The substrate used by the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase to generate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (levomefolic acid).


alantin

From German Alant (“elecampane”), + -in.


LCC

LCC (countable and uncountable, plural LCCs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of leaf-and-branch compost cutinase.


phosphorylome

(biochemistry) A proteome of phosphoproteins.


polyadenine

(biochemistry) A long section of nucleic acid containing only the adenine nucleoside


subfragment

(biochemistry, genetics) A subsection of a fragment (of nucleic acid etc)


IDL

intermediate-density lipoprotein
w:intermediate-density lipoprotein

(biochemistry) Initialism of intermediate-density lipoprotein.


glycophorin

glycophorin (countable and uncountable, plural glycophorins)

(biochemistry) a sialoglycoprotein of the membrane of red blood cells.


glycopeptidolipid

(biochemistry) Any glycolipid having a glycopeptide component


heparanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of heparan sulfate into oligosaccharides


leukosialin

(biochemistry) The major sialoglycoprotein of thymocytes and mature T-cells


heterodisulfide

(biochemistry) A disulfide formed from the reaction of two different moieties.


endomorphin

(biochemistry) Either of two endogenous opioid peptides


mechanome

(biochemistry) All the biochemical processes involved in a mechanical (motor) system


monomethylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes monomethylation


nopaline

(biochemistry) An opine derived from glutamic acid and arginine


neprilysin

neprilysin (countable and uncountable, plural neprilysins)

membrane metallo-endopeptidase
membrane metallo-endopeptidase

(biochemistry) A particular type of metalloprotease, namely membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME)

common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen


nicastrin

(biochemistry) A protease that is a regulator of neprilysin


phytoactive

(biochemistry) active in plant biochemistry


erythrophyll

(biochemistry) The red pigment of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in distinction from chlorophyll.


recoverin

recoverin (countable and uncountable, plural recoverins)

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein found in the photoreceptor cell of the eye.


oxyhaemocyanin

oxyhaemocyanin (countable and uncountable, plural oxyhaemocyanins)


transcarbamoylase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl group.


amidinotransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of amidinos.

amidinotransferaasi

any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of amidinos


beauvericin

beauvericin (countable and uncountable, plural beauvericins)

(biochemistry) An enniatin depsipeptide with antibiotic and insecticidal effects, isolated from the fungus Beauveria bassiana.


pardaxin

(biochemistry) A peptide produced by the Red Sea sole, used as a shark repellent.


paxilline

(biochemistry) A potassium channel blocker; a toxic, tremorgenic indole alkaloid produced by Penicillium paxilli.


brefeldin A

From Eupenicillium brefeldianum (a fungus in which it is found) + -in.

(biochemistry) A lactone antibiotic produced by fungal organisms such as Eupenicillium brefeldianum, inhibiting transport of proteins from ER to Golgi and inducing retrograde protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum.


triacsin C

(biochemistry) A potent vasodilator and inhibitor of long fatty acyl CoA synthetase.


vanabin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of vanadium-binding metalloproteins, found almost exclusively in the blood cells or vanadocytes of some ascidians and tunicates.


guanylylcyclase

guanylylcyclase (countable and uncountable, plural guanylylcyclases)

guanosine triphosphate
guanosine triphosphate

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the cyclization of guanosine triphosphate


methylator

(biochemistry) Anything that causes methylation.


invasin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins associated with the penetration of bacteria into mammalian cells


visinin

(biochemistry) A protein found in the retinal cone cell.


adrenocholinergic

(biochemistry, physiology) Describing cholinergic effects produced by the adrenal gland


galanin

(biochemistry) A particular inhibitory neuropeptide


astacin

astacin (countable and uncountable, plural astacins)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of endopeptidases containing a motif that binds zinc


serolin

(archaic, biochemistry) A fatty substance found in the blood, probably a mixture of fats, cholesterin, etc.

(biochemistry) A substance found in faeces, thought to be formed in the intestines from the cholesterin of the bile.


geneticin

(biochemistry) An aminoglycoside antibiotic that blocks polypeptide synthesis


deoxygenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a deoxygenation reaction


FGF

FGF (countable and uncountable, plural FGFs)

fibroblast growth factor
fibroblast growth factor#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of fibroblast growth factor.


cystathionase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of cystathionine into cysteine


monokine

(biochemistry) A cytokine produced by monocytes (or macrophages)


valosin

(biochemistry) A gastrointestinal oligopeptide that stimulates gastric and exocrine pancreatic secretion


transsulfuration

(biochemistry) The metabolic interconversion of cysteine and homocysteine


prooxidant

(biochemistry) Any substance that induces oxidative stress


oxidative stress

oxidative stress (countable and uncountable, plural oxidative stresses)

(biochemistry) damage caused to cells or tissue by reactive oxygen species


dehydrochlorinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a dehydrochlorination reaction


dechlorinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a dechlorination reaction


cycloisomerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a cycloisomerization reaction


thiolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a thiol group.


matricellular

(biochemistry) Describing extracellular proteins that have a regulatory function in the formation of structural elements in vertebrates


ribotoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of toxic ribonucleases


membranotropic

en-adj

membranotropic (comparative more membranotropic, superlative most membranotropic)

more membranotropic (comparative)
most membranotropic (superlative)

(biochemistry, biology) That moves towards, or is active at biological membranes


isoacceptor

(biochemistry) Any of a group of transfer RNA acceptors that can accept the same amino acid


heterosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any saccharide composed of more than one simple sugar


neopterin

(biochemistry) A pteridine, 2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridin-4-one, that is a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate


bursicon

en-noun

bursicon (countable and uncountable, plural bursicons)

(biochemistry) A heterodimeric protein that is an insect hormone which mediates tanning in the cuticle of adult flies


allatostatin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of neuropeptide hormones in insects and crustacea

alatostatina

any of a class of neuropeptide hormones in insects and crustacea


neuroprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that is associated with the nervous system


glycoantigen

(biochemistry, immunology) Any carbohydrate that is an antigen


sulfakinin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of neuropeptides found in crustaceans and insects.


preprohormone

By surface analysis, prepro- + hormone, or, by surface analysis, pre- + prohormone.

(biochemistry) The precursor of a prohormone.


autoinduction

(biochemistry) The expression of an enzyme that is responsible for the metabolism of the agent expressing it


hexosyl

(biochemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from a hexose


syndapin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of membrane-active scaffold proteins that participate in endocytosis


proboscipedia

(biochemistry) A homeotic protein (and associated gene) required for the formation of labial and maxillary palps in flies


ferrienterobactin

(biochemistry) An iron-chelating siderophore involved in the metabolism of iron


enkephalinase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that degrade endogenous enkephalin opioid peptides.


androstanolone

From androstane + -olone (“steroid or steroid-like drug”).

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Synonym of dihydrotestosterone.


epibrassinolide

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

(biochemistry) A brassinosteroid isolated from Aegle marmelos


doublecortin

(biochemistry) A microtubule-associated protein expressed by neuronal precursor cells and immature neurons in embryonic and adult cortical structures.


benzoyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a benzoyl group


hydroxycinnamoyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group


glucosylate

en-verb

glucosylate (third-person singular simple present glucosylates, present participle glucosylating, simple past and past participle glucosylated)

glucosylates (present singular third-person)
glucosylating (participle present)
glucosylated (participle past)
glucosylated (past)


macin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antimicrobial proteins


colanic acid

(biochemistry) An exopolysaccharide produced by many bacteria


carboxylesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester


nesprin

From nuclear + envelope + spectrin + repeat.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins, found in the outer membrane of cell nuclei, that bind to actin or plectin filaments


plectin

en-noun

plectin (countable and uncountable, plural plectins)

(biochemistry) A very large protein that maintains the structural integrity of tissue


superdomain

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superdomain.wav

(biochemistry) Two or more conserved domains of nominally unrelated origin that appear in the same order in diverse proteins and are inherited as a single structural/functional unit.


melanoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that contains melanin as a chromagen


myoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that occurs in muscle tissue.


conotoxin

(biochemistry, toxicology) A neurotoxic peptide isolated from the venom of a marine cone snail of genus Conus.


gelonin

Gelonium multiflorum
Gelonium multiflorum

(biochemistry) A protein toxin found in the seeds of the Himalayan plant Gelonium multiflorum


amphoterin

(biochemistry) The nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG-1

anfoterina

the nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG-1


phosphosugar

(biochemistry) Any sugar (or higher carbohydrate) that is esterified with a phosphate group


antiproteinase

(biochemistry) Any inhibitor of proteinase activity


thyrotropin

thyrotropin (countable and uncountable, plural thyrotropins)

(biochemistry) A thyroid-stimulating glycoprotein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.


polycystin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of glycoproteins, mutation of which is implicated in polycystic kidney disease.


isochorismate

(biochemistry) an intermediate in the biosynthesis pathways of insect respiration


procalcitonin

(biochemistry) A peptide precursor to the hormone calcitonin


wiskostatin

(biochemistry) An inhibitor, 1-(3,6-dibromocarbazol-9-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ol, that nonselectively perturbs membrane transport by decreasing cellular ATP levels


viroplasmin

(biochemistry) A multifunctional viral protein.


muralytic

(biochemistry, of an enzyme) That removes a muramyl group from a compound


plastohydroquinone

(biochemistry) The reduced, phenolic form of plastoquinone


tocoquinone

(biochemistry) Any of a class of quinones structurally related to tocopherol


biocalcification

(biochemistry) The biochemical production and subsequent accumulation of calcium carbonate to form hard tissue.


elastolytic

en-adj

elastolytic (comparative more elastolytic, superlative most elastolytic)

more elastolytic (comparative)
most elastolytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) That breaks down the protein of elastic tissue


xanthophane

(biochemistry) The yellow form of chromophane.


diglucuronide

(biochemistry) Any compound containing two glucuronide groups


monoglucuronide

(biochemistry) Any compound containing a single glucuronide group


sterolin

(biochemistry) Either of two proteins (and associated genes) that regulate sterol absorption and excretion.


chymopapain

en-noun

chymopapain (countable and uncountable, plural chymopapains)

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme isolated from the latex of papaya and used to treat herniated lower lumbar discs in the spine.


deoxycortisol

(pharmacology, biochemistry) 11-deoxycortisol: cortodoxone


spondin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that are involved in axon guidance.


cortodoxone

From cort- (“corticosteroid”) + -o- + d(e)ox(y)- + -one.

af

(pharmacology, biochemistry) A steroid that can be oxygenated to cortisol.


antizyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that inhibits the action of another


chemobiology

(biochemistry) The study of the influence of chemical compounds on biological systems

(biochemistry, physical chemistry) The study of the effect of chemical structure on biological activity


endoproteolytic

(biochemistry) That breaks the peptide bonds of nonterminal amino acids in proteins


myocilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins, normally secreted into the aqueous humor of the eye, that sometimes accumulate to cause glaucoma.


optimedin

(biochemistry) A particular olfactomedin


olfactomedin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of polymeric glycoproteins that are a major component of the extracellular matrix of olfactory neuroepithelium


rhotekin

(biochemistry) A scaffold protein that interacts with Rho proteins


arfaptin

(biochemistry) A protein (or associated domain) that interacts with ARF1


NMDA

At a synaptic level, the axon terminal having to repeatedly release glutamate is the lecturer droning on repetitively; the moment when the postsynaptic threshold is passed and the NMDA receptors first activate is the dendritic spine finally getting it.

2017, Robert Sapolsky, chapter 5, in Behave, Penguin, →ISBN:

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid
w:N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid, an amino acid derivative.


CETP

cholesterylester transfer protein
w:cholesterylester transfer protein

(biochemistry) Initialism of cholesterylester transfer protein.


kallidinogenase

en-noun

kallidinogenase (countable and uncountable, plural kallidinogenases)


ectophosphodiesterase

(biochemistry) Any phosphodiesterase that is active outside of a cell.


ectonucleotidase

(biochemistry) Any nucleotidase that is active outside of a cell


fetuin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of plasma glycoproteins, secreted from the liver into the bloodstream


novicidin

(biochemistry) An antimicrobial peptide derived from ovispirin


zervamicin

(biochemistry) A particular membrane ion channel peptide


monophosphonucleoside

(biochemistry) A nucleoside monophosphate


peptaibol

aminoisobutyric acid
aminoisobutyric acid

(biochemistry) Any of a group of oligopeptides, produced by some fungi, that contain α-aminoisobutyric acid and terminate in a hydroxyl group


sacsin

(biochemistry) A protein implicated in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of the Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS)


triphosphonucleoside

(biochemistry) A nucleoside triphosphate


ovispirin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of ovine antimicrobial and cytotoxic cathelicidins


norfenefrine

(biochemistry, pharmacology) An adrenergic agent used as a sympathomimetic drug.


oxitriptan

(biochemistry) 5-hydroxytryptophan, a naturally-occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin from tryptophan.


elafin

(biochemistry) A polypeptide inhibitor of some peptidases and elastases


lipoperoxidation

lipoperoxidation (countable and uncountable, plural lipoperoxidations)

(biochemistry) the peroxidation (oxidative degradation) of lipids to form lipoperoxides


peroxin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins, found in peroxisomes, that are associated with several peroxisomal disorders


proprotease

(biochemistry) Any proenzyme that is converted into a protease


tryptase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of serine proteinase contained in mast cells


heteromerization

(biochemistry) The process of becoming heteromeric.


hemojuvelin

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein involved in axon guidance of retinal ganglion neurons.


alkylpurine

(biochemistry) Any C- or N-alkyl derivative of a purine; some of them are immunopotentiators


detyrosination

(biochemistry) The removal of tyrosine from (the carboxyl terminal of) a protein, especially as a posttranslational modification


carbapenemase

carbapenemase (countable and uncountable, plural carbapenemases)

(biochemistry) Any lactamase that can hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics and thus provide resistance to them


depurination

(biochemistry, genetics) The removal, by hydrolysis, of a purine base from DNA


hydroxykynurenine

hydroxykynurenine (countable and uncountable, plural hydroxykynurenines)

(biochemistry) A metabolite of tryptophan that filters ultraviolet light in the human lens.


polyglutamylation

(biochemistry) The posttranslational modification of a protein (especially a tubulin) by the addition of glutamate to existing glutamate residues


cellulosome

(biochemistry) A complex of enzymes that degrade the polysaccharide surface of cells and mediate cell attachment


micrometabolomics

(biochemistry) The study of the range of metabolites present in a very small biological sample


obestatin

obestatin (countable and uncountable, plural obestatins)

(biochemistry) An oligopeptide sequence, present in ghrelin, that binds to a specific orphan receptor


urealytic

en-adj

urealytic (comparative more urealytic, superlative most urealytic)

more urealytic (comparative)
most urealytic (superlative)

(biochemistry) That hydrolyses urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide


carboxyglutamate

carboxyglutamic acid
carboxyglutamic acid

(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of carboxyglutamic acid


glycinin

(biochemistry) Any of the main proteins found in soybean.


conglycinin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of storage proteins, found in soybean, that is a food allergen


autolysin

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses a component of the cell (or tissue) in which it is produced


dehydrin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins expressed in plants in response to dehydration


carboxyglutamic acid

en-noun

carboxyglutamic acid (plural carboxyglutamic acids)

(biochemistry) An amino acid found only in proteins following posttranslational carboxylation of glutamic acid residues


teichuronic

(biochemistry) Relating to a teichuronic acid or its derivatives


uridylyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyses the transfer of a uridylyl group between molecules


teichuronic acid

teichuronic acid (plural teichuronic acids)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of heteropolymeric polysaccharides, composed of a uronic acid and other carbohydrates, present in the walls of some Gram-positive bacteria


anhydrofructose

(biochemistry, chiefly attributive) A metabolic pathway that forms secondary metabolites from glycogen via 1,5-anhydro-D-fructase.


maltin

(biochemistry) The fermentative principle of malt; malt diastase.


antiglycative

en-adj

antiglycative (comparative more antiglycative, superlative most antiglycative)

more antiglycative (comparative)
most antiglycative (superlative)

(biochemistry) That counters the toxicity of methylglyoxal and similar aldehydes that are produced as a normal part of metabolism

antiglicante

that counters the toxicity of methylglyoxal and similar aldehydes


epiphycan

(biochemistry) A small proteoglycan related to osteoglycin


osteoglycin

(biochemistry) A proteoglycan that has osteoinductive activity


endosulfatase

(biochemistry) Any sulfatase that acts as an endoenzyme


formylpeptide

(biochemistry) Any of a group of small proteins, that have a formylated N-terminal methionine, that stimulate the motor and secretory activities of leucocytes


decorin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteoglycans that "decorate" collagen fibres


fibulin

From Latin fibula (“clasp, buckle”) + -in.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of calcium-binding glycoproteins found in the extracellular matrix and in plasma.


lipocortin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of calcium-binding proteins that suppress the activity of phospholipases


nephronectin

(biochemistry) An extracellular matrix protein, expressed in developing endocrine organs, that is a ligand for integrin.


serglycin

en-noun

serglycin (countable and uncountable, plural serglycins)

(biochemistry) An intracellular proteoglycan found in the storage granules of connective tissue mast cells


lumican

(biochemistry) The major keratin sulfate proteoglycan of the cornea.


desmoplakin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins isolated from desmosomes


synstatin

(biochemistry) A peptide, derived from syndecan, that disrupts the interaction of integrins


streptodornase

streptodornase (countable and uncountable, plural streptodornases)

Contraction, removing various letters from the full phrase.


urodilatin

(biochemistry) A hormone that causes diuresis through increasing renal blood flow.


chitooctaose

(biochemistry) A chitooligosaccharide composed of eight acetamido-glucose units


cruzipain

(biochemistry) A particular cysteine protease


galactoglucan

(biochemistry) A polysaccharide composed of alternating glucose and galactose units


crossprime

en-verb

crossprime (third-person singular simple present crossprimes, present participle crosspriming, simple past and past participle crossprimed)

crossprimes (present singular third-person)
crosspriming (participle present)
crossprimed (participle past)
crossprimed (past)

(biochemistry) To stimulate cytotoxic T cells with extracellular antigens


jacalin

(biochemistry) A lectin found in jackfruit.


methylesterase

(biochemistry) Any esterase that catalyses the hydrolysis of a methyl ester


lipomannan

en-noun

lipomannan (countable and uncountable, plural lipomannans)

(biochemistry) A glycolipid, present in the mycobacterial cell wall, that can induce apoptosis


oligogalacturonide

(biochemistry) An oligosaccharide formed during the degradation of pectin


palmitoylethanolamide

(biochemistry) An endogenous fatty acid amide, belonging to the class of nuclear factor agonists, with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties.


PEA

PEA (countable and uncountable, plural PEAs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of palmitoylethanolamide.


thyroliberin

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
thyrotropin-releasing hormone


poligeenan

(biochemistry) A degraded form of carrageenan.


antiassociation

ribosomal subunit antiassociation activity in rabbit reticulocyte lysates

(biochemistry) Activity that counteracts association of proteins etc.


autodephosphorylation

(biochemistry) The dephosphorylation of a protein catalyzed by its own enzymatic activity


chemosensing

(biochemistry) The generation of a response to the presence of a chemical stimulus


chemoattractand

(biochemistry) The thing attracted by a chemoattractant


deoxyribonucleate

From deoxyribonucleic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

deoxyribonucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid

(biochemistry) Any salt of deoxyribonucleic acid


muropeptidase

(biochemistry) Any peptidase that catalyses the hydrolysis of a muropeptide


celmoleukin

(biochemistry) A particular interleukin.


acetylproteome

(biochemistry) The complete set of acetylases in a particular organism


proglucagon

(biochemistry) Any of a group of polypeptides that are cleaved to produce glucagon.


shelterin

(biochemistry) A complex of proteins associated with telomeres that protect the ends of chromosomes


preproglucagon

By surface analysis, prepro- + glucagon, or, by surface analysis, pre- + proglucagon.

(biochemistry) Any polypeptide precursor of a proglucagon.


azocasein

(biochemistry) casein conjugated with an azo dye; it is used as a general substrate for proteolytic enzymes; degradation of the casein liberates free dye into the supernatant that can be quantitatively analyzed.


folliculin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with tumour suppression


ficolin

(biochemistry) Either of a pair of binding proteins that have domains related to either collagen or fibrinogen.


pleiohomeotic

(biochemistry, genetics) A protein, with associated gene, that can link polycomb to DNA and mediate transcriptional repression


hexadeoxynucleotide

(biochemistry) Any oligonucleotide composed of six deoxynucleotides; typically formed from two trideoxynucleotides


cingulin

en-noun

cingulin (countable and uncountable, plural cingulins)

From Latin cingulum (“girdle, belt”) + -in

(biochemistry) A dimeric protein found in tight junctions


plakophilin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins, found in the cytoskeleton, that are essential for the formation and stabilization of desmosomal cell contacts.


ubiquitylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the removal of a ubiquitin molecule from a protein.


sequestosome

(biochemistry) Any of a group of adapter-proteins that bind ubiquitin


polyesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of polyesters


sakuranetin

(biochemistry) A flavanone found in Polymnia fruticosa and rice, where it acts as a phytoalexin


isopimaric acid

(biochemistry) A resin acid toxin found in various trees, especially conifers.


trideoxynucleotide

(biochemistry) Any oligonucleotide composed of three deoxynucleotides


glucuronoxylomannan

Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans#Translingual

(biochemistry) A complex polysaccharide,that is the principal constituent of the capsule of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.


galactoxylomannan

(biochemistry) A complex polysaccharide, produced by the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, that produces immune paralysis in some animals, including humans


endochitinase

(biochemistry) Any chitinase that can cleave a chitin molecule at a random point within the its chain


tankyrase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins, associated with telomeres, that contain ankyrin repeats


sheddase

Many sheddases are members of the ADAM or aspartic protease (BACE) protein families.

(biochemistry) Any of a group of membrane-bound enzymes that cleave extracellular portions of transmembrane proteins, releasing the soluble ectodomains from the cell surface.


lipoarabinomannan

(biochemistry) A lipoglycan associated with some bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium.


mutanolysin

(biochemistry) A muralytic enzyme, obtained from Streptomyces, that is used in laboratories to degrade bacteria and to isolate DNA


bestrophin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that channel chloride ions across membranes


ectoapyrase

(biochemistry) Any extracellular apyrase


sideroflexin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier proteins


contrapsin

contrapsin (usually uncountable, plural contrapsins)

(biochemistry) A serpin found in rodent serum


synexin

(biochemistry) A particular adrenal medullary protein involved in calcium metabolism


sialome

(biochemistry) All the proteins expressed in the salivary glands of bloodsucking arthropods

(biochemistry) All the sialic acid compounds of an organism etc


mirrortree

mirrortree (countable and uncountable, plural mirrortrees)

In order to reduce the high rate of false positives plaguing the mirrortree method, a novel method TreeSec has been recently developed[…]

2009, Jake Y. Chen, Stefano Lonardi, Biological Data Mining, page 364:

(biochemistry) A technique in which a high correlation of evolutionary histories of two proteins is used as an indicator to predict protein interactions; a graphical representation of this


exosubstance

(biochemistry) Any substance that is active outside of the cell that produced it


exosite

(biochemistry) A secondary binding site, remote from the active site, on a protein


isoprotein

The different isoproteins have been correlated with changes in plasma lipoprotein levels.

1991, George Steiner, Primary Hyperlipoproteinemias, page 47:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of closely-related proteins that have similar structural and functional properties.


prothymosin

(biochemistry) Any precursor of a thymosin polypeptide


zonulin

From zonula + -in, after zonula occludens toxin, of which it is the target.

(biochemistry) A protein that modulates the permeability of tight junctions between cells of the wall of the digestive tract.


neostatin

(biochemistry) A fragment of a fibulin which inhibits endothelial cell proliferation.


aquaglyceroporin

(biochemistry) A form of aquaporin that is active in the transport of water and glycerol


ethanologenic

en-adj

ethanologenic (comparative more ethanologenic, superlative most ethanologenic)

more ethanologenic (comparative)
most ethanologenic (superlative)

(biochemistry, especially of a bacterium) That produces ethanol


endoproteolysis

(biochemistry) The breaking of the peptide bonds of nonterminal amino acids in proteins


formylglutathione

(biochemistry) The S-formyl derivative of glutathione that is an intermediate in the metabolism of methanol and formaldehyde


lipoylated

lipoylated (comparative more lipoylated, superlative most lipoylated)

more lipoylated (comparative)
most lipoylated (superlative)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Modified by lipoylation


lipoylation

(biochemistry) The attachment of a fatty acid residue (or similar lipid) to a molecule


fibrinogenic

fibrinogenic (comparative more fibrinogenic, superlative most fibrinogenic)

more fibrinogenic (comparative)
most fibrinogenic (superlative)


oxononanoate

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any salt or ester of the keto acid derived from nonanoic acid, some of which have biochemical functions


procofactor

(biochemistry) An inactive material that becomes a cofactor once activated


tenase

(biochemistry) An activating complex that plays a role in protein coagulation


galactase

en-noun

galactase (countable and uncountable, plural galactases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that produces galactose by the hydrolysis of lactose


alginic

(biochemistry) Relating to alginic acid or its derivatives.


hydroxycholesterol

(biochemistry) Any of several hydroxy derivatives of cholesterol, some of which are metabolic intermediates


dimethylaminohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that catalyses the removal of dimethylamine residues from a molecule


compstatin

(biochemistry) A cyclic tridecapeptide that is used to treat problems with the human complement system


detyrosinated

(biochemistry) Modified by means of detyrosination


tridecapeptide

(biochemistry) Any oligopeptide having thirteen amino acid residues


transcobalamin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of carrier proteins which bind cobalamin.


crotonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of crotonyl-coenzyme A


cepacian

(biochemistry) An exopolysaccharide, produced by Burkholderia cepacia bacteria, that plays a role in the formation of biofilms


retroinhibition

(biochemistry) A form of feedback in a cyclic metabolic pathway in which an end product inhibits an allosteric enzyme that starts the reaction


prokineticin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of secreted proteins that contract gastrointestinal smooth muscle


flavocytochrome

(biochemistry) A flavoprotein that is also a cytochrome


diheme

(biochemistry) Two heme groups in a hemoprotein


monoheme

(biochemistry) A single heme group in a hemoprotein.


triheme

(biochemistry) Three heme groups in a hemoprotein


tetraheme

(biochemistry) Four heme groups in a hemoprotein


metalloregulator

(biochemistry) Any protein that regulates biochemical interactions with metals, often by binding to them


phosphoribosylglycinamide

(biochemistry) The glycine-amide of 5-phosphoribosylamine that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of purine


hyellazole

(biochemistry) A particular carbazole alkaloid.


carazostatin

(biochemistry) A particular tricyclic carbazole alkaloid.


sambubioside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside of sambubiose, especially one containing an anthocyanidin


sophoroside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside of sophorose


urolithin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of metabolites produced by human colon microflora from ellagic acid and related compounds


ultraspiracle

(biochemistry) An invertebrate nuclear receptor for juvenile hormones.


xylorutinoside

(biochemistry) Any rutinoside of xylose.


aminogram

(biochemistry, genetics) A diagram that shows the amino acid composition of a peptide or protein


stercorin

Latin stercus (“dung”), stercoris (“dung”), + -in.


cruciferin

(biochemistry) A storage protein found in the seeds of some crucifers


deoxyinosine

(biochemistry) Any nucleoside formed from hypoxanthine attached to a deoxyribose


storage protein

storage protein (plural storage proteins)

(biochemistry) Any of many proteins, found especially in seeds, that act as reservoirs of amino acids and metal ions that are needed by growing organisms


tenomodulin

(biochemistry) A protein responsible for tenocyte proliferation


vicilin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of storage proteins found in legumes


epoxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes an epoxidation reaction.


phosphoglycerate kinase

phosphoglycerate kinase (plural phosphoglycerate kinases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group between ATP and phosphoglycerate


degradome

(biochemistry) All the compounds produced in the degradation of a material (especially of a protease)


dextrinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a dextrin


glutaminergic

(biochemistry) Relating to the activity, function or transmission of the amino acid glutamine.


glucosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any saccharide having glucose residues


kindlin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of adhesion plaque proteins that activate integrins


isomaltosaccharide

(biochemistry) Any saccharide composed (mostly) of isomaltose monomers; but especially any isomaltooligosaccharide


xylosylfructose

(biochemistry) A disaccharide composed of xylose and fructose.


signalase

(biochemistry) A peptidase that cleaves signal peptides from secreted proteins cotranslationally


oligopeptidase

From oligo- + peptidase or from oligopeptide + -ase.

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis (cleavage) of a short oligopeptide rather than a protein


retropepsin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of retroviral proteases


fructoside

(biochemistry) Any glycoside of fructose


acetylglucosaminylation

(biochemistry) The addition of acetylglucosamine to a molecule


aspartase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the deamination of aspartic acid to fumaric acid and ammonia

aspartase

any enzyme that catalyses the deamination of aspartic acid to fumaric acid and ammonia


decasaccharide

(biochemistry) Any oligosaccharide that has ten monosaccharide units


idopyranose

Vitex negundo
Vitex negundo#Translingual

(biochemistry) A rare hexose whose derivatives, obtained from the plant Vitex negundo, protect against diabetes.


glutamyltranspeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the transfer of glutamic acid residues between proteins.


heparinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolytic cleavage of heparins


phosphomutant

(biochemistry, genetics) A mutant protein that is a phosphoprotein, wherein the mutation changes one or more amino acids modifiable by phosphorylation into non-phosphorylatable residues.


hexosamine

(biochemistry) Any amino sugar derived from a hexose.


langerin

(biochemistry) An antigen produced by Langerhans cells


mutant protein

(biochemistry, genetics) Any protein produced via a mutated gene


corneodesmosin

(biochemistry) A highly polymorphic glycoprotein that is secreted by differentiated keratinocytes and by inner root sheath cells of hair follicles.


corneodesmosome

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that hold corneocytes together; their degradation leads to desquamation


chronophin

(biochemistry) A serine protein phosphatase that regulates cofilin-dependent actin dynamics


acropsin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of opsins found in corals of the genus Acropora.


endoplasmin

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding glycoprotein found in the endoplasmic reticulum.


cnidopsin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of opsins found in cnidarian jellyfish


encephalopsin

encephalopsin (countable and uncountable, plural encephalopsins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of opsins that are expressed within the brain


myozenin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of actinin- and filamin-binding proteins expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle


calgranulin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of calcium-bonding proteins that inhibit kidney stone formation


asporin

(biochemistry) A protein similar to decorin


mimecan

(biochemistry) A keratan sulfate proteoglycan found in the bovine cornea


keratan

keratan (countable and uncountable, plural keratans)

(biochemistry) A glycosaminoglycan whose sulfated form is found in the cornea, cartilage, and bone


peropsin

peropsin (countable and uncountable, plural peropsins)

(biochemistry) An opsin, found in the eye, that modulates vitamin A


neuropsin

(biochemistry) A type of opsins expressed mostly in the eye and nervous tissue.


omentin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of secretory proteins expressed predominantly in visceral adipose tissue.


chemerin

(biochemistry) A chemoattractant protein that promotes calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of immature dendritic cells and macrophages


panopsin

panopsin (countable and uncountable, plural panopsins)

(biochemistry) An opsin that is expressed in the brain and testis


pinopsin

pinopsin (countable and uncountable, plural pinopsins)

(biochemistry) A type of opsin found in the pineal gland (mostly of chickens)


proelastase

proelastase (countable and uncountable, plural proelastases)


retinochrome

(biochemistry) Any of a class of photosensitive pigment, related to rhodopsin, located primarily in the inner portions of the visual cells of cephalopods


prelamin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of precursors of lamins


stratifin

(biochemistry) A protein found in stratified keratinizing epithelial cells.


photoisomerase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyse the isomerization of photopigments


trypsinolysis

(biochemistry) The cleavage of peptide bonds by means of trypsin


ubiquitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a ubiquitination reaction


tolloid

(biochemistry) A metalloproteinase, similar to astacin, that functions in the development of sea urchins


sialoglycopeptide

(biochemistry) Any glycopeptide containing sialic acid residues


nexilin

(biochemistry) A particular protein that binds actin filaments


merosin

(biochemistry) A form of laminin found in placenta, striated muscle, and peripheral nerve


calsarcin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of sarcomeric calcineurin-binding proteins.


myopalladin

(biochemistry) A particular sarcomeric protein


pleiotrophin

(biochemistry) A protein, similar to midkine, that has a number of functions related to heparin


tropomodulin

tropomodulin (countable and uncountable, plural tropomodulins)

(biochemistry) A protein that binds tropomyosin and thus weakens its interaction with actin.


neopeltolide

(biochemistry) A macrolide originally isolated from sponges near the Jamaican coast, and exhibiting nanomolar cytotoxic activity against several lines of cancer cells.


eucannabinolide

(biochemistry) A particular cytotoxic germacranolide.


germacranolide

(biochemistry) Any of a group of sesquiterpene lactones found in a variety of plants.


periplanone

(biochemistry) Any of a group of sex pheromones produced by the female American cockroach Periplaneta americana.